# How much worse punishment do you think one deserves ... grace?

The author is emphasizing the greatness of the punishment for those who reject Christ. Alternate translation: "This was severe punishment. But the punishment will be even greater for anyone ... grace!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])

# who has trampled underfoot the Son of God

Someone who has disregarded Christ and scorned him is spoken of as if that person had walked on him. Alternate translation: "who has rejected the Son of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])

# the Son of God

This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])

# who treated the blood of the covenant as unholy

This shows how the person has trampled the Son of God. Alternate translation: "by treating the blood of the covenant as unholy"

# the blood of the covenant

Here "blood" stands for Christ's death, by which God established the new covenant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])

# the blood by which he was sanctified

This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the blood by which God sanctified him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])

# the Spirit of grace

"the Spirit of God, who provides grace"