## fortified cities ##

These are cities with high walls around them to protect the people inside from attack by their enemies.

## The great stone...remains a witness ##

The stone is referred to as if it is a person who can see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

## Joshua the Bethshemite ##

"Joshua from Bethshemesh" (See: [[[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])