diff --git a/1sa/28/03.md b/1sa/28/03.md index 711dfb8913..97beb52e57 100644 --- a/1sa/28/03.md +++ b/1sa/28/03.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ -# Now Samuel ... with spirits +# Now Samuel ... spiritists The writer provides background information to prepare the reader for the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]]) -# banned from the land +# banned .. from the land -officially removed from the country or region, or prevented from entering Alternate translation: "expel from Israel" +He had officially removed them from the country or region, or prevented from entering. Alternate translation: "expelled ... from Israel" -# those who talked with the dead and those who talked with spirits +# sorcerers and spiritists -The phrase "those who talked with the dead" translates one word from the original language, and the phrase "those who ... talked with spirits" also translates one word in the original language. If your language has one word for those who talk with the dead and one word for those who talk with spirits, or if your language has only one word for those who talk with the dead and with spirits, you should use those words here. +"those who talked with the dead and those who talked with spirits." If your language has one word for those who talk with the dead and one word for those who talk with spirits, or if your language has only one word for those who talk with the dead and with spirits, you should use those words here. diff --git a/1sa/28/09.md b/1sa/28/09.md index 092a266aaa..f9aa9fc907 100644 --- a/1sa/28/09.md +++ b/1sa/28/09.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# those who talk with the dead or with spirits +# sorcerers and spiritists -The words "those who talk with the dead" translate as one word in the original language, and the words "those who ... talk with spirits" also translate as one word in the original language. If your language has one word for those who talk with the dead and one word for those who talk with spirits, or if your language has only one word for those who talk with the dead and with spirits, you should use those words here. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 28:3](../28/03.md). +"those who talked with the dead and those who talked with spirits." If your language has one word for those who talk with the dead and one word for those who talk with spirits, or if your language has only one word for those who talk with the dead and with spirits, you should use those words here. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 28:3](../28/03.md). # my life diff --git a/deu/18/11.md b/deu/18/11.md index 769d063840..fbe4594fc6 100644 --- a/deu/18/11.md +++ b/deu/18/11.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# one who casts spells or talks with the dead, or a spiritist, or one who seeks the dead +# one who casts spells or a sorcerer or a spiritist or one who seeks the dead This is a description of people who practice different kinds of magic. God has forbidden every kind of magic. If you do not have a word for all of these types of people, you can treat this list as a doublet and translate more generally. Alternate translation: "anyone who uses magic to cast spells or to talk to the spirits of dead people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) diff --git a/isa/01/09.md b/isa/01/09.md index f36879a58b..59d0ed7c39 100644 --- a/isa/01/09.md +++ b/isa/01/09.md @@ -2,13 +2,9 @@ Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) -# If Yahweh of hosts had not left for us a small remnant +# If Yahweh of hosts had not left for us a few survivors -This describes something that could have happened in the past but did not. Yahweh actually did leave a small remnant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hypo]]) - -# a small remnant - -"a few survivors" +This describes something that could have happened in the past but did not. Yahweh actually did leave a few survivors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hypo]]) # us ... we diff --git a/isa/02/11.md b/isa/02/11.md index e449deff19..5bcd7c317f 100644 --- a/isa/02/11.md +++ b/isa/02/11.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ "Yahweh will bring down the lofty gaze of man." A man with a "lofty gaze" is looking above everyone to show them that he is better than they are. Here all people are guilty of thinking they are better than Yahweh, and the way they look at those who worship Yahweh, is a metonym for their pride. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will make ashamed all people because they think they are better than he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) -# the pride of men will be brought down +# the haughtiness of men will be brought down -"The pride of men" here is a metonym for proud people, and being "brought down" is a metaphor for being humbled or ashamed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will bring down proud men" or "Yahweh will make proud people ashamed of themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +"The haughtiness of men" here is a metonym for haughty people, and being "brought down" is a metaphor for being humbled or ashamed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will bring down haughty men" or "Yahweh will make haughty people ashamed of themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) # Yahweh alone will be exalted diff --git a/isa/07/11.md b/isa/07/11.md index 2dec1e1905..5e17b0369f 100644 --- a/isa/07/11.md +++ b/isa/07/11.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ -# ask for it in the depths or in the height above +# ask for it in Sheol below or in the height above -Yahweh uses the word "depths" and "height" to mean Ahaz could ask him for anything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]]) +Yahweh uses the words "Sheol" and "height" to mean Ahaz could ask him for anything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]]) -# depths ... height +# the height -The abstract nouns "depths" and "height" can be translated with prepositions. "places far below you ... places far above you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) +The abstract noun "height" can be translated with a preposition. "places far above you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) diff --git a/isa/08/06.md b/isa/08/06.md index 3d4f330b14..a559d4774c 100644 --- a/isa/08/06.md +++ b/isa/08/06.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The words "gentle waters" are a metaphor for the law of the Lord. Alternate tran "this people group." If your language needs a plural here, you can translate this phrase and the following verbs as "these people have refused ... are happy." -# is happy over Rezin and Remaliah's son +# rejoices over Rezin and the son of Remaliah The full meaning can be made explicit. See how you translated these men's names in [Isaiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: "is happy that the armies of Assyria have defeated Rezin, king of Aram, and Pekah, Remaliah's son, king of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/isa/08/09.md b/isa/08/09.md index 315014ab0a..4f30793c9c 100644 --- a/isa/08/09.md +++ b/isa/08/09.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will break your arm Isaiah speaks as if people in other countries can hear him. Alternate translation: "Listen, all you people in far away places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]]) -# arm yourselves for war and be broken in pieces; arm yourselves and be broken in pieces +# gird yourselves and be broken in pieces; gird yourselves and be broken in pieces -This is basically the same thing, stated twice for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you can prepare yourselves for battle, but I will defeat you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +Yahweh is mocking the peoples and saying that no matter how they prepare for war, he will defeat them. These words are stated twice for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you will prepare yourselves for battle, but I will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) diff --git a/isa/08/11.md b/isa/08/11.md index 03b43aa382..d5e2969b0b 100644 --- a/isa/08/11.md +++ b/isa/08/11.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Here "his strong hand upon me" is an idiom that refers to Yahweh's power. Alternate translation: "Yahweh spoke to me in a very powerful way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) -# warned me not to walk in the way of this people. +# admonished me not to walk in the way of this people. -This is an indirect quote that ends in 8:17. Alternate translation: "warned me and said, 'Do not act like this people.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-quotations]]) +This is an indirect quote that ends in 8:17. Alternate translation: "admonished me and said, 'Do not act like this people.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-quotations]]) diff --git a/isa/08/19.md b/isa/08/19.md index 1747bb64a9..c3446f19b5 100644 --- a/isa/08/19.md +++ b/isa/08/19.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Isaiah is speaking. -# They will say to you, "Consult with those who speak with the dead and with spirits," the ones who chirp and mutter incantations. But should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? +# They will say to you, "Consult with sorcerers and spiritists," the ones who chirp and mutter incantations. But should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? Other possible meanings are 1) "They will say to you, 'Consult with the mediums and spiritists, those who chirp and mutter incantations. Should a people not consult their gods? They should consult the dead on behalf of the living for teaching and for testimony.'" or 2) "When they say to you, 'Consult with the mediums and spiritists, those who chirp and mutter incantations,' should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? To the law and to the testimony!" diff --git a/isa/08/22.md b/isa/08/22.md index 09c053f3ce..dc52f92f7f 100644 --- a/isa/08/22.md +++ b/isa/08/22.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ -# oppressive gloom +# gloom that causes anguish -"terrible sadness" +"darkness that makes them very sad" -# They will be driven into a land of darkness +# They will be banished to thick darkness This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will drive them out into complete darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/isa/09/04.md b/isa/09/04.md index 159100ff0b..49cae70d57 100644 --- a/isa/09/04.md +++ b/isa/09/04.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Isaiah continues to describe the time when God will save the people of Israel. Although these events will happen in the future ([Isaiah 9:1](./01.md)), Isaiah describes them as if they have already happened. This emphasizes that they certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-pastforfuture]]) -# For the yoke of his burden ... you have shattered as on the day of Midian +# For the yoke of his burden ... you have broken to pieces as on the day of Midian Isaiah speaks of the Israelites, who are the Assyrians' slaves, as if they were an ox wearing a yoke. This will happen in the future, but he speaks as if it has already happened. Alternate translation: "For as on the day of Midian you will set the people of Israel free from being slaves to their oppressors like a person removes a yoke from the shoulders of an animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-pastforfuture]]) diff --git a/isa/09/06.md b/isa/09/06.md index c5e4cc173d..212125b532 100644 --- a/isa/09/06.md +++ b/isa/09/06.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Isaiah continues to describe the time when God will save the people of Israel. A These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The word "us" refers to both the speaker and the hearer and so is inclusive. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "For the Lord will give to us a child" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) -# the rule will be on his shoulder +# the government will be on his shoulder His authority to rule is spoken of as if it were the robe that is a symbol of his authority. Alternate translation: "he will wear his royal robe on his shoulder" or "he will have authority to rule as king." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/isa/09/19.md b/isa/09/19.md index 504b47a084..f517908a06 100644 --- a/isa/09/19.md +++ b/isa/09/19.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ Translate "Yahweh of hosts" as in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). This can be stated # No man spares his brother -To "spare" someone means to save them from harm. Alternate translation: "No one does anything to help his own brother escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]]) +"No one stops himself from harming his own brother" or "Everyone harms even his own brother." To "spare" a person means to want to harm him but to not harm him. diff --git a/isa/09/20.md b/isa/09/20.md index 695306cfdf..9e5b6fd736 100644 --- a/isa/09/20.md +++ b/isa/09/20.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # They will grab food on the right hand ... on the left hand -This expression means that the people will grab food wherever they can find it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) +"They will grab food that lies to the right of them ... that lies to the left of them." They will grab food wherever they can find it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]]) # Each will even eat the flesh of his own arm diff --git a/isa/10/01.md b/isa/10/01.md index 6035c576f7..afc35e5f92 100644 --- a/isa/10/01.md +++ b/isa/10/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# to those who enact unjust laws and write unfair decrees +# to those who decree unjust decrees and write unjust laws These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "to those who make laws and decrees that are not fair to everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) diff --git a/isa/10/05.md b/isa/10/05.md index 22c2900158..dbb3fbb780 100644 --- a/isa/10/05.md +++ b/isa/10/05.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This word marks the beginning of God's announcement about a severe punishment ag This refers to the king of Assyria. -# the club of my anger, the rod by whom I wield my fury +# the rod of my anger, the staff by whom I wield my fury -Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh compares the king of Assyria to a weapon a person holds in his hand and hits other people with. It emphasizes that the king of Assyria and his army are a tool that Yahweh uses to punish Israel. Alternate translation: "who will be like a weapon in my hands that I will use to show my anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh compares the king of Assyria to a weapon a person holds in his hand and hits other people with. It emphasizes that the king of Assyria and his army are a tool that Yahweh uses to punish Israel. Alternate translation: "who will be like a weapon in my hands that I will use to show my anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/isa/10/06.md b/isa/10/06.md index 2bb01b84fb..9f24748dcc 100644 --- a/isa/10/06.md +++ b/isa/10/06.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ The word "him" here also refers to the king of Assyria. But it does not mean God is only sending the king; he is sending with him the army of Assyria. Alternate translation: "I send the army of Assyria ... I order them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) -# against an arrogant nation and against the people who bear my overflowing wrath +# against a godless nation and against the people who bear my overflowing wrath "to attack a nation full of proud people who have made me very angry" @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The word "him" here also refers to the king of Assyria. But it does not mean God Yahweh speaks of his wrath as if it were more liquid than a container could hold; "the people" are trying to carry this container, but it is heavy, and Yahweh keeps pouring liquid in even after it starts to spill out. Alternate translation: "at whom I continue to be angry even after I have punished them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) -# to take the spoil +# to take the plunder "to take everything they have" diff --git a/isa/10/12.md b/isa/10/12.md index 9e743e5444..5e01211ea3 100644 --- a/isa/10/12.md +++ b/isa/10/12.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were someone else. "When I, the Lord, have fin his work of punishing. "punishing ... and punishing" -# I will punish the speech of the arrogant heart of the king of Assyria and his prideful looks +# I will punish the fruit of the arrogant heart of the king of Assyria and his prideful looks -"I will punish the king of Assyria for the arrogant things he said and the look of pride on his face" +"I will punish the king of Assyria for the arrogant things he has said and the look of pride on his face" diff --git a/isa/10/15.md b/isa/10/15.md index 4b4a5fbea6..e6ebcb9f0c 100644 --- a/isa/10/15.md +++ b/isa/10/15.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The speaker uses these questions to mock the king of Assyria. Alternate translat a sharp tool used for cutting wood -# It is as if a rod could lift up those who raise it, or as if a wooden club could lift up a person +# It is as if a rod could lift up those who raise it, or as if a staff could lift up a person These phrases mean basically the same thing and are used to strengthen the meaning of the two questions before it. This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: "And neither can a rod or staff lift the person who picks it up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) diff --git a/isa/10/24.md b/isa/10/24.md index 1bd2cb32e8..f194c6e9f0 100644 --- a/isa/10/24.md +++ b/isa/10/24.md @@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ The words "rod" and "staff" refer to pieces of wood that people use as clubs to The word "He" refers to "the Assyrian" which represents the king of Assyria and his army. Alternate translation: "He and his army will strike" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]]) +# rod ... staff + +See how you translated these words in [Isaiah](../10/05.md). + # as the Egyptians did The full meaning can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "as the Egyptians ruled over your ancestors and made them slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/isa/10/33.md b/isa/10/33.md index 80c996408c..c7642fe0e6 100644 --- a/isa/10/33.md +++ b/isa/10/33.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This can be translated as "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am abou See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). -# will lop off the boughs ... the lofty will be brought low +# will lop off the boughs ... the lofty will be brought down Isaiah speaks of the army of Assyria as if it were the tall trees in Lebanon. God will destroy the army like people cutting down the mighty trees of Lebanon. This emphasizes that though the army is strong, God has the power to destroy it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he will cut down the This is a metaphor for "the strongest soldiers." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) -# the lofty will be brought low +# the lofty will be brought down This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he will bring down the lofty people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/isa/19/03.md b/isa/19/03.md index 739be0ac48..b4a1b313e6 100644 --- a/isa/19/03.md +++ b/isa/19/03.md @@ -6,15 +6,15 @@ The nation of Egypt is spoken of here as if it was a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/ This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "I will weaken the spirit of Egypt from within" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) -# I will destroy his advice, though they sought the advice of ... spiritualists +# I will destroy his advice, though they sought the advice of ... spiritists -"They sought the advice of ... spiritualists, but that will do them no good. It will not stop me from destroying his advice" +"They sought the advice of ... spiritists, but that will do them no good. It will not stop me from destroying his advice" # I will destroy his advice Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will cause the advice that he gives to be ineffective or 2) Yahweh will cause him to be unable to give any advice. This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "advice" is expressed as the verb "advise." Alternate translation: "I will confuse those who advise the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]]) -# mediums ... spiritualists +# sorcerers ... spiritists These are people who claim to speak with those who have died. diff --git a/lev/19/31.md b/lev/19/31.md index 7584e31ebe..9c1b58a153 100644 --- a/lev/19/31.md +++ b/lev/19/31.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# spiritists or familiar spirits +# sorcerers or spiritists -The phrase "familiar spirits" may be a metonym for those spiritists who communicate with familiar spirits, in which case the phrase "spiritists or familiar spirits" may be a doublet. Alternate translation: "anyone who communicates with the world of the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +"anyone who communicates with the world of the dead" # Do not seek them out, or they will defile you diff --git a/neh/12/17.md b/neh/12/17.md index de932bdcb4..10e36d3d6c 100644 --- a/neh/12/17.md +++ b/neh/12/17.md @@ -6,7 +6,3 @@ These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) These are all names of families that are named after men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]]) -# Moadiah - -Maadiah may be another form of the name Moadiah. -