PDF Psalms 1-90

psa/088/005.md

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-# I am abandoned among the dead
+# I am free among the dead
 
-People treating the writer as if he were already dead is spoken of as if he were a corpse that they left unburied. Alternate translation: I am left alone as if I were dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+The word "free" here is the word used for a slave whose master he no longer has to obey. This is probably an ironic metaphor because the word is usually used to describe good things, but here it is used to tell why the writer is unhappy. Alternate translation: "I now share the existence of the dead" or "I am left alone as if I were dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+
+# the dead ... the dead
+
+This nominal adjective refers to dead people. Alternate translation: "those who have died ... those who have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]])
 
 # I am like the dead who lie in the grave
 
 The writer feeling like people and God have abandoned him speaks about himself as if he were already a dead person lying in a grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
 
-# the dead who lie
-
-The nominal adjective "the dead" can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: "a dead person who lies" or "dead people who lie" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]])
-
 # about whom you care no more
 
 "who no longer receive your care" or "people you have stopped caring about"

psa/088/008.md

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 "those who know me"
 
-# You have made me a shocking sight to them
+# You have made me an abomination to them
 
-"You have made me a disgusting sight to them" or "Because of you, they are shocked when they see me"
+The words "abomination" here is a hyperbolic metaphor. The psalmist's friends find him disgusting, but probably not in any religious sense. Alternate translation: "You have made me a disgusting sight to them" or "Because of you, they are shocked when they see me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]])
 
 # I am hemmed in
 

psa/088/011.md

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-# Will your covenant faithfulness be proclaimed in the grave, your loyalty in the place of the dead?
+# Will your covenant faithfulness be proclaimed in the grave, your faithfulness in the place of the dead?
 
-Both questions mean the same thing. The writer uses questions to emphasize that a dead person is not able to praise God's faithfulness. The abstract nouns "faithfulness" and "loyalty" can be translated as adjectives. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Nobody will proclaim your covenant faithfulness or loyalty from the grave." or "Nobody will proclaim from the grave that you are faithful to your covenant and loyal to your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
+Both questions mean the same thing. The writer uses questions to emphasize that a dead person is not able to praise God's faithfulness. The abstract nouns "covenant faithfulness" and "faithfulness" can be translated as adjectives. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Nobody will proclaim your covenant faithfulness or faithfulness from the grave." or "Nobody will proclaim from the grave that you are faithful to your covenant and faithful to your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
 
 # the grave ... the place of the dead
 
 These represent the place where people go after they die.
 
-# your loyalty in the place of the dead?
+# your faithfulness in the place of the dead?
 
-This can be translated as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: "Will your loyalty be proclaimed in the place of the dead?" or "Those who are dead will not proclaim your loyalty." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
+This can be translated as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: "Will your faithfulness be proclaimed in the place of the dead?" or "Those who are dead will not proclaim your faithfulness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
 

psa/088/016.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Your angry actions have passed over me
+# Your burning anger has passed over me
 
-This speaks of God punishing the writer as if God's actions are a large wave rising out of the sea that fall on and crush the writer. Alternate translation: "It is as if your angry actions crush me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+The phrase "burning anger" is a metonym for the deeds that God did because he was angry. It is also a metaphor that speaks of God punishing the writer as if God's actions are a large wave rising out of the sea that fall on and crush the writer. Alternate translation: "It is as if your angry actions crush me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
 # your terrifying deeds have annihilated me
 

psa/089/015.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# who worship you
+# who know the joyful sound
 
-Here the word "worship" implies shouting and blowing horns. These were common acts of worship during Israelite festivals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
+Here the words "joyful sound" refer to the sound of people shouting and blowing horns. These were common acts of worship during Israelite festivals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
 
 # they walk
 

psa/089/017.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# You are their majestic strength
+# You are their glorious strength
 
 The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: "You make them wonderfully strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
 
@@ -6,7 +6,11 @@ The abstract noun "strength" can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translatio
 
 Here "their" refers to the Israelites. The writer would have included himself as a member of the Israelites. Alternate translation: "You are our" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
 
-# we are victorious
+# our horn is exalted
 
-Here "we" refers to the writer and the Israelites but not to Yahweh, to whom he speaks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclusive]])
+This metaphor speaks of the Israelites winning a battle as if they were a wild ox that has defeated an enemy. Alternate translation: "we win the battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+
+# our horn
+
+Here "our" refers to the writer and the Israelites but not to Yahweh, to whom he speaks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclusive]])
 

psa/089/024.md

@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ Yahweh continues speaking about David.
 
 God always being loyal and doing what he promises for David is spoken of as if truth and faithfulness were objects that would be with David. The abstract nouns "truth" and "faithfulness" can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: "I will always be truthful with him and I will always act faithfully towards him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
 
-# by my name he will be victorious
+# by my name
 
 Here "name" represents God' power. Alternate translation: "I, God, will cause him to be victorious" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
+# his horn will be exalted
+
+This metaphor speaks of David winning a battle as if he were a wild ox that has defeated an enemy. See how you translated similar words in [Psalm 89:17](../089/017.md) Alternate translation: "he wins the battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])

psa/089/041.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# a reproach to his neighbors
+
+The abstract noun "reproach" may be translated using a verb. The metonymy speaks of the king as if he were the way that his neighbors react to him. Alternate translation: "someone whom his neighbors reproach" or "something that disgusts his neighbors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
+
 # to his neighbors
 
 Here "neighbors" means people of nearby nations.

psa/089/045.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 This is a way of saying God made the king seem old even while he was still young. Alternate translation: "Even while he is young you have made him weak like an old man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
 
+# the days of his youth
+
+"the time when he was young and strong"
+
 # covered him with shame
 
 Yahweh completely humiliating the king is spoken of as if shame were a garment that God used to cover the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])

psa/089/047.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# for what uselessness you have created all the children of mankind
+# for what vanity you have created all the children of mankind
 
-The abstract noun "uselessness" can be stated as "uselessly." Alternate translation: "that you have created all people to die uselessly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
+The abstract noun "vanity" can be stated as "short life." Alternate translation: "that you have created all people for such a short life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
 
 # the children of mankind
 

psa/090/011.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Who knows the intensity of your anger, and your wrath that is equal to the fear of you?
+# Who knows the power of your anger, and your wrath that is equal to the fear of you?
 
-The writer uses a question to emphasize that no one has fully experienced God anger. Therefore no one truly reveres God and fears his anger when people sin. Alternate translation: "No one knows the intensity of your anger. Therefore no one fears your wrath when they sin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
+The writer uses a question to emphasize that no one has fully experienced God anger. Therefore no one truly reveres God and fears his anger when people sin. Alternate translation: "No one knows the power of your anger. Therefore no one fears your wrath when they sin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
 

psa/090/012.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# General Information:
+# we might gain a heart of wisdom
 
-This page has intentionally been left blank.
+The word "heart" is a metonym for the person's thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: "we might want to be wise and act wisely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])