This speaks of promises as if they are objects that a person receives. AT: "without receiving what God had promised them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
Future promised events are spoken of as if they were travelers arriving from far away. AT: "after learning what God will do in the future" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
Here "foreigners" and "exiles" mean basically the same thing. This emphasizes that this earth was not their true home. They were waiting for their true home that God would make for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])