unfoldingWord_en_tn/en_tn_60-JAS.tsv

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1BookChapterVerseIDSupportReferenceOrigQuoteOccurrenceGLQuoteOccurrenceNote
2JAS11ssc80General Information:The apostle James writes this letter to all the Christians. Many of them were Jews, and they lived in many different places.
3JAS12knw60Consider it all joy, my brothers, when you experience various troublesMy fellow believers, think of all your different kinds of troubles as something to celebrate
4JAS14unh4τέλειοι1fully developedable to trust in Christ and obey him in all circumstances
5JAS15du7z0ask for it from God, the one who givesask God for it. He is the one who gives
6JAS15q2dfτοῦ διδόντος πᾶσιν ἁπλῶς καὶ μὴ ὀνειδίζοντος1gives generously and without rebuke to allgives generously and does not rebuke any
7JAS16p12lfigs-simile0For anyone who doubts is like a wave in the sea that is driven by the wind and tossed aroundAnyone who doubts that God will help him is said to be like the water in the ocean or in a large lake, which keeps moving in different directions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
8JAS18k89pfigs-metaphorἀκατάστατος ἐν πάσαις ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτοῦ1unstable in all his waysHere this person is spoken of as if he cannot stay on one path but instead goes from one to another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9JAS19gc9bὁ ἀδελφὸς ὁ ταπεινὸς1the poor brotherthe believer who does not have much money
10JAS19yxs5figs-metaphorκαυχάσθω ἐν τῷ ὕψει αὐτοῦ1boast of his high positionSomeone whom God has honored is spoken of as if he were standing in a high place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11JAS110nug7figs-simileὡς ἄνθος χόρτου παρελεύσεται1he will pass away as a wild flower in the grassRich people are spoken of as being similar to wild flowers, which are alive for only a short time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
12JAS111ng26figs-simileοὕτως καὶ ὁ πλούσιος ἐν ταῖς πορείαις πορείαις αὐτοῦ μαρανθήσεται1the rich man will fade away in the middle of his journeyHere the flower simile is probably continued. As flowers do not die suddenly but instead fade away over a short time, so also the rich people may not die suddenly but instead take a little time to disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
13JAS111sdi2figs-metaphorἐν ταῖς πορείαις πορείαις αὐτοῦ1in the middle of his journeyA rich man's activities in daily life are spoken of as if they are a journey that he is making. This metaphor implies that he is giving no thought to his coming death, and that it will takes him by surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14JAS112vcu40Connecting Statement:James reminds the believers who have fled that God does not cause temptation; he tells them how to avoid temptation.
15JAS112vr4aὑπομένει πειρασμόν1endures testingremains faithful to God during hardships
16JAS112vta60passed the testhe has been approved by God
17JAS113a77aπειραζόμενος1when he is temptedwhen he desires to do something evil
18JAS113zb13πειράζει δὲ αὐτὸς οὐδένα1nor does he himself tempt anyoneand God himself does not try to persuade anyone do evil
19JAS114nj9mfigs-personificationἕκαστος πειράζεται ὑπὸ τῆς ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας1each person is tempted by his own desireA person's desire is spoken of as if it were someone else who was tempting him to sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
20JAS114nle5figs-personificationἐξελκόμενος καὶ δελεαζόμενος1which drags him away and entices himEvil desire continues to be spoken of as if it were a person who could drag away someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
21JAS114z4bdδελεαζόμενος1enticesattracts, persuades someone to do evil
22JAS115s4cdfigs-personification0Then after the desire conceives, it gives birth to sin, and after the sin is full grown, it gives birth to deathDesire continues to be spoken of as a person, this time clearly as a woman who becomes pregnant with a child. The child is identified as sin. Sin is another female baby that grows up, becomes pregnant, and gives birth to death. This chain of metaphors is a picture of someone who ends up dying both spiritually and physically because of his evil desires and his sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
23JAS117t2nnfigs-doubletπᾶσα δόσις ἀγαθὴ καὶ πᾶν δώρημα τέλειον1Every good gift and every perfect giftThese two phrases mean basically the same thing. James uses them to emphasize that anything good that a person has comes from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
24JAS118mj29figs-metaphorἀπεκύησεν ἀπεκύησεν ἡμᾶς1give us birthGod, who brought us eternal life, is spoken of as if he had given us birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
25JAS119ev3vβραδὺς εἰς ὀργήν1slow to angernot get angry quickly
26JAS120ej4pὀργὴ ἀνδρὸς δικαιοσύνην Θεοῦ οὐκ ἐργάζεται ἐργάζεται1the anger of man does not work the righteousness of GodWhen a person is always angry, he cannot do God's work, which is righteous.
27JAS122x14mγίνεσθε ποιηταὶ λόγου1Be doers of the wordBe people who follow God's instructions
28JAS122wvp4παραλογιζόμενοι ἑαυτούς1deceiving yourselvesfooling yourselves
29JAS123ewn9ὅτι εἴ τις ἀκροατὴς λόγου ἐστὶν1For if anyone is a hearer of the wordFor if anyone listens to the God's message in the scriptures
30JAS123pw5xfigs-simileοὗτος ἔοικεν ἀνδρὶ κατανοοῦντι τὸ πρόσωπον τῆς γενέσεως αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐσόπτρῳ1he is like a man who examines his natural face in a mirrorA person who hears God's word is like someone who looks in the mirror. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
31JAS125kvr7figs-simileὁ δὲ παρακύψας εἰς νόμον νόμον τέλειον1the person who looks carefully into the perfect lawThis expression continues the image of the law as a mirror. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
32JAS126j1bg0thinks himself to be religiousthinks he worships God correctly
33JAS126bj2tἀπατῶν1deceivesgets someone to believe something that is not true
34JAS126q83d0his religion is worthlesshe worships God uselessly
35JAS127skf4figs-metaphor0before our God and Fatherdirected to God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
36JAS127iiv2ὀρφανοὺς1the fatherlessthe orphans
37JAS127r8njἐν τῇ θλίψει αὐτῶν1in their afflictionThe fatherless and widows are suffering because their fathers or husbands have died.
38JAS21ici90Connecting Statement:James continues to tell the scattered Jewish believers how to live by loving one another and reminds them not to favor rich people over poor brothers.
39JAS21qs2xfigs-metaphorἔχετε τὴν πίστιν τοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ1hold to faith in our Lord Jesus ChristBelieving in Jesus Christ is spoken of as if it were an object that one could hold onto. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
40JAS21en1cπροσωπολημψίαις1favoritism toward certain peoplethe desire to help some people more than others
41JAS22h5uhfigs-hypo0Suppose that someoneJames starts to describe a situation where the believers might give more honor to a rich person than to a poor person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
42JAS22j8d50wearing gold rings and fine clothesdressed like a wealthy person
43JAS23zx9f0sit here in a good placesit in this place of honor
44JAS23ce14στῆθι ἐκεῖ1stand over theremove to a place with less honor
45JAS23h2fyκάθου ὑπὸ τὸ ὑποπόδιόν μου1Sit at my feetmove to a humble place
46JAS25qii5figs-metaphorκληρονόμους1heirsThe people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
47JAS26yv6yfigs-youὑμεῖς δὲ ἠτιμάσατε1But you haveJames is speaking to his whole audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
48JAS26vr53ἠτιμάσατε τὸν πτωχόν1have dishonored the pooryou have shamed poor people
49JAS26z73xκαταδυναστεύουσιν ὑμῶν1who oppress youwho treat you badly
50JAS28ymf5ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν1You shall love your neighbor as yourselfJames is quoting from the book of Leviticus.
51JAS210l29gὅστις γὰρ τηρήσῃ1For whoever obeysFor anyone who obeys
52JAS210jb5ufigs-metaphor0except that he stumbles ... the whole lawStumbling is falling down while one is trying to walk. Disobeying one point of the law is spoken of as if it were stumbling while walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
53JAS210m8ep0in just a single waybecause of disobedience to just one requirement of the law
54JAS211ez11ὁ γὰρ εἰπών1For the one who saidThis refers to God, who gave the law to Moses.
55JAS212ik76διὰ νόμου1by means of the lawThis passage implies that it is God who will judge according to his law.
56JAS212e87rνόμου ἐλευθερίας1the law of freedomthe law that gives true freedom
57JAS214h3840Connecting Statement:James encourages the scattered believers to show their faith before others, just as Abraham showed others his faith by his works.
58JAS214g8krσῶσαι αὐτόν1save himspare him from God's judgment
59JAS215f6elἀδελφὸς ἢ ἀδελφὴ1brother or sistera fellow believer in Christ, whether male or female
60JAS216n5jhfigs-metonymyτοῦ σώματος1for the bodyto eat, to wear, and to live comfortably (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
61JAS218al63figs-hypoἀλλ’ ἐρεῖ τις1Yet someone may sayJames describes a hypothetical situation where someone objects to his teaching. James seeks to correct his audience's understanding of faith and works. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
62JAS221ysr80General Information:Since these are Jewish believers, they know the story of Abraham, about whom God had told them long ago in his word.
63JAS225hir80In the same way also ... justified by worksJames says that what was true of Abraham was also true of Rahab. Both were justified by works.
64JAS225pn2fῬαὰβ ἡ πόρνη1Rahab the prostituteJames expected his audience to know the Old Testament story about the woman Rahab.
65JAS225bx6ifigs-metaphorἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη1justified by worksJames speaks of works as something to possess. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
66JAS225af9uἀγγέλους1messengerspeople who bring news from another place
67JAS225xm5mἑτέρᾳ ὁδῷ ὁδῷ ἐκβαλοῦσα1sent them away by another roadthen helped them escape and leave the city
68JAS226uum8figs-metaphor, ὥσπερ γὰρ τὸ σῶμα χωρὶς πνεύματος νεκρόν ἐστιν οὕτως καὶ ἡ πίστις χωρὶς ἔργων νεκρά ἐστιν1For as the body apart from the spirit is dead, even so faith apart from works is deadJames is speaking of faith without works as if it were a dead body without the spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
69JAS3intropy3p0# James 03 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br><br>James teaches his readers that they should live to please God by reminding them of things that they know from everyday life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
70JAS31p4uufigs-genericnoun0Not many of youJames is making a generalized statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
71JAS31c36bἀδελφοί μου1my brothersmy fellow believers
72JAS32t6xtἐν λόγῳ οὐ πταίει πταίει1does not stumble in wordsdoes not sin by saying wrong things
73JAS32kn4vοὗτος τέλειος ἀνήρ ἀνήρ1he is a perfect manhe is spiritually mature
74JAS33z2ez0General Information:James is developing an argument that small things can control big things.
75JAS33zql3εἰ δὲ τῶν ἵππων τοὺς χαλινοὺς' εἰς τὰ στόματα βάλλομεν1Now if we put bits into horses' mouthsJames speaks about horses' bits. A bit is a small piece of metal that is placed into a horse's mouth to control where it goes.
76JAS33u92qτῶν ἵππων1horsesA horse is a large animal used to carry things or people.
77JAS34jrk1μετάγεται ὑπὸ ἐλαχίστου πηδαλίου πηδαλίου ὅπου ἡ ὁρμὴ τοῦ εὐθύνοντος βούλεται1are steered by a very small rudder to wherever the pilot desireshave a small tool that a person can use to control where the ship goes
78JAS35ub5h0Notice alsoThink about
79JAS36i61efigs-metaphorπῦρ ὁ κόσμος τῆς ἀδικίας καθίσταται ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ἡμῶν1a world of sinfulness set among our body partsThe enormous effects of sinful speaking are spoken of as if they were a world by themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
80JAS36sv44figs-metaphorἡ σπιλοῦσα ὅλον τὸ σῶμα1It stains the whole bodySinful speaking is spoken of metaphorically as if it stained one's body. And becoming unacceptable to God is spoken of as if it were dirt on the body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
81JAS37b8c9translate-unknownἑρπετῶν1reptileThis is an animal that crawls on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
82JAS37zw5mἐναλίων1sea creaturean animal that lives in the sea
83JAS39le6hἐν αὐτῇ εὐλογοῦμεν1With it weWe use the tongue to say words that
84JAS39ucm9καταρώμεθα τοὺς ἀνθρώπους1we curse menwe ask God to harm men
85JAS310qrs2ἀδελφοί μου1My brothersFellow Christians
86JAS310n9zyοὐ χρή ταῦτα γίνεσθαι1these things should not happenthese things are wrong
87JAS311m18q0Connecting Statement:After James stresses that the words of believers should not both bless and curse, he gives examples from nature to teach his readers that people who honor God by worshiping him should also live in right ways.
88JAS312jjj8ἀδελφοί μου1my brothersmy fellow believers
89JAS315mzc9δαιμονιώδης1demonicfrom demons
90JAS317hhk5πρῶτον ἁγνή ἐστιν1is first pureis first holy
91JAS41k21j0Connecting Statement:James rebukes these believers for their worldliness and their lack of humility. He again urges them to watch how they speak to and about each other.
92JAS41v5kgτοῖς τοῖς μέλεσιν μέλεσιν ὑμῶν1among your membersPossible meanings are 1) there is fighting among the local believers, or 2) the fighting, that is, the conflict, is inside each believer.
93JAS44b5lyfigs-metonymyἡ φιλία τοῦ κόσμου1friendship with the worldThis phrase refers to identifying with or participating in the world's value system and behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
94JAS44br36figs-personificationἡ φιλία τοῦ κόσμου1friendship with the worldHere the world's value system is spoken of as if it were a person that others could be friends with. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
95JAS46hyh20so the scriptureBecause God gives more grace, the scripture
96JAS47da5tὑποτάγητε οὖν1So submitBecause God gives grace to the humble, submit
97JAS47g7e5ὑποτάγητε τῷ Θεῷ1submit to Godobey God
98JAS47w9ueφεύξεται1he will fleehe will run away
99JAS47b5yzfigs-youὑμῶν1youHere this pronoun is plural and refers to James' audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
100JAS48g62mfigs-metaphorἐγγίσατε τῷ Θεῷ1Come close to GodHere the idea of coming close stands for becoming honest and open with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
101JAS48yh1kfigs-parallelism0Cleanse your hands, you sinners, and purify your hearts, you double-mindedThese are two phrases in parallel with each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
102JAS49kdn8figs-doubletταλαιπωρήσατε, πενθήσατε, καὶ κλαύσατε1Grieve, mourn, and cryThese three words have similar meanings. James uses them together to emphasize that the people should be truly sorry for not obeying God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
103JAS411jlx4ἀλλὰ κριτής1but a judgebut you are acting like the person who gives the law
104JAS415gj65ἀντὶ, τοῦ λέγειν ὑμᾶς1Instead, you should sayInstead, your attitude should be
105JAS417q84z0for anyone who knows to do good but does not do it, for him it is sinAnyone who fails to do the good he knows he should do is guilty of sin.
106JAS51phs30Connecting Statement:James warns rich people about their focus on pleasure and riches.
107JAS52v2410riches ... clothesThese things are mentioned as examples of things that are valuable to wealthy people.
108JAS53wj9v0gold ... silverThese things are mentioned as examples of things that are valuable to wealthy people.
109JAS53i37xfigs-simile0will consume ... like fireHere the corrosion is spoken of as if it were a fire that will burn up their owners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
110JAS53j6fefigs-metaphorπῦρ1fireThe idea of fire here is meant to lead people to remember that fire often stands for God's punishment that will come on all the wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
111JAS54gcj50Connecting Statement:James continues to warn rich people about thier focus on pleasure and riches.
112JAS54h9y8figs-metaphorεἰς τὰ ὦτα Κυρίου Σαβαὼθ1into the ears of the Lord of hostsGod is spoken of as if he had ears as humans have. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
113JAS56z7w1ἀντιτάσσεται ὑμῖν1resist youoppose you
114JAS57n8880General Information:In closing, James reminds the believers about the Lord's coming and gives several short lessons on how to live for the Lord.
115JAS57xr6g0Connecting Statement:James changes topics from a rebuke of the rich people to an exhortation to the believers.
116JAS57a4svμακροθυμήσατε οὖν1So be patientBecause of this, wait and be calm
117JAS57y4erfigs-metaphorὁ γεωργὸς1the farmerJames makes an analogy using farmers and believers to teach what it means to be patient. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
118JAS58jw3b0the Lord's coming is nearthe Lord will return soon
119JAS59k74r0Do not complain, brothers ... youJames is writing to all the scattered Jewish believers.
120JAS59w9xvκατ’ ἀλλήλων1against one anotherabout each other
121JAS59ita4ἰδοὺ, ὁ κριτὴς1See, the judgePay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: the judge
122JAS510sic1, τῆς κακοπαθίας καὶ τῆς μακροθυμίας τοὺς προφήτας οἳ ἐλάλησαν ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Κυρίου1the suffering and patience of the prophets, those who spoke in the name of the Lordhow the prophets who spoke in the name of the Lord suffered persecution with patience
123JAS511xwr8ἰδοὺ, μακαρίζομεν1See, we regardPay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: we regard
124JAS511s3nlτοὺς ὑπομείναντας1those who enduredthose who continued obeying God even through hardship
125JAS516t2iq0General Information:As these were Jewish believers, James reminds them to pray by recalling one of the prophets of old and that prophet's practical prayers.
126JAS516dl5kἐξομολογεῖσθε οὖν τὰς ἁμαρτίας1So confess your sinsAdmit to other believers things you did wrong so that you can be forgiven.
127JAS516i8cmἀλλήλοις1to one anotherto each other
128JAS518yi7mἡ γῆ ἐβλάστησεν τὸν καρπὸν αὐτῆς1the earth produced its fruitHere the earth is presented as the source of the crops.
129JAS520xg1yfigs-metonymy0whoever turns a sinner from his wandering way ... will cover over a great number of sinsJames means that God will use the actions of this person to persuade the sinner to repent and be saved. But James speaks as if it were this other person who actually saved the sinner's soul from death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
130JAS520rh4dfigs-metaphorκαλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν1will cover over a great number of sinsPossible meanings are 1) the person who brings back the disobedient brother will have his sins forgiven or 2) the disobedient brother, when he returns to the Lord, will have his sins forgiven. Sins are spoken of as if they were objects that God could cover so that he would not see them, so that he would forgive them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])