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these things
This refers to faith, virtue, knowledge, self-control, endurance, godliness, brotherly affection, and love, which Peter mentioned in the previous verses.
you will not be barren or unfruitful
Peter speaks of a person who does not possess these qualities as if he is a field that will not produce a crop. This can be stated in positive terms. Alternate translation: "you will produce and be fruitful" or "you will be effective" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives)
barren or unfruitful
These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this person will not be productive or experience any benefits from knowing Jesus. Alternate translation: "unproductive" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet)
in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ
You can translate "knowledge" using a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "through your knowing God and Jesus our Lord" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)