unfoldingWord_en_tn/tn_2SA.tsv

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2front:introbs9v0# Introduction to 2 Samuel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of 2 Samuel\n\n1. The first years of Davids reign (1:17:29)\n * Saul is killed; David is kind to Ishbosheth (1:14:12)\n * David defeats the Philistines (5:125)\n * Victories, the ark, the house of God (6:17:29)\n1. David extends his rule to all the Promised Land (8:110:19)\n1. Davids sin with Bathsheba (11:112:31)\n1. Amnon and Tamar; Absalom kills Amnon (13:114:33)\n1. The later years of Davids reign (15:124:25)\n * Absalom rebels and is killed (15:118:33)\n * Davids kingdom restored (19:120:26)\n * Famine and warfare (21:114)\n * Davids song of praise (22:123:7)\n * Davids mighty men (23:839)\n * Yahweh judges Davids sin of numbering the people; the plague stopped (24:125)\n\n### What is the Book of 2 Samuel about?\n\nThis book is about David ruling as king over Israel. He first ruled over the tribe of Judah for seven years. Then the other eleven tribes agreed to have him become their king. He ruled over all Israel for thirty-three years.\n\nThroughout this time, David led his army to fight foreign enemies who attacked Israel. However, he struggled the most against someone in his own family. Absalom, his son, rebelled and fought against him ([2 Samuel 1319](../13/01.md)).\n\nThe Book of 2 Samuel also tells about when David sinned greatly. He slept with Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah the Hittite. When she became pregnant, David arranged for Uriah to be killed in battle. David and all Israel suffered much because of Davids sin. However, the writer also tells of Yahweh repeatedly showing David grace and love after David repented of his sin.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nTranslators can use the traditional title “2 Samuel,” or “Second Samuel.” Or translators may consider a clearer title such as “The Second Book about Samuel, Saul, and David.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### What was the purpose of the Book of 2 Samuel?\n\nThe Book of 2 Samuel begins where 1 Samuel ended. The writer continues to show how the tribes of Israel unite under the first kings of Israel. The Book of 2 Samuel centers around David as the king Yahweh chose to lead Israel.\n\n### Who wrote the Book of 2 Samuel?\n\nIt is uncertain who wrote 2 Samuel. It may have been someone alive soon after King Solomon died. When Solomon died, the kingdom of Israel split into two kingdoms. The author probably lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. A descendant of David continued to rule over the southern kingdom. The author may have written 2 Samuel to defend Davids right to be king. This would prove that Davids descendant was the rightful king of Gods people.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What covenant had its beginning in the Book of 2 Samuel?\n\nIn 2 Samuel 7, Yahweh made a covenant with David. God promised to make a descendant of David rule forever over Israel. Christians believe that Jesus Christ fulfills this covenant. Jesus was a descendant of David. Jesus is the true “anointed one,” the person God chose to be king forever. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Why does the book refer to someone being addressed indirectly?\n\nDavid frequently refers to himself as “your servant” when he speaks to King Saul. He also calls Saul “my master.” Indirectly addressing a person in this way can be difficult to translate. It is intended to show that the speaker submits to the one being addressed. English sometimes uses the address “sir” or “maam” in this way.\n\n### Can I translate this book before 1 Samuel?\n\nThe Book of 1 Samuel should be translated before 2 Samuel, since 2 Samuel continues from where 1 Samuel ends.\n\n### How is the name “Israel” used in the Bible?\n\nThe name “Israel” is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was the son of Isaac. God changed his name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])\n\n2 Samuel speaks of both the northern kingdom of Israel and the whole nation of Israel as “Israel.” However, these references appear in the narrative long before the two kingdoms split apart. It seems clear that the references to Israel and Judah indicate that the author wrote 2 Samuel at a time after the kingdoms split. (See: [2 Samuel 2:10](../02/10.md); [2 Samuel 3:10](../03/10.md); [2 Samuel 5:5](../05/05.md); [2 Samuel 11:11](../11/11.md); [2 Samuel 12:8](../12/08.md); [2 Samuel 19:4243](../19/42.md); [2 Samuel 21:2](../21/02.md); [2 Samuel 24:1](../24/01.md)).
31:introla440# 2 Samuel 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 1:1927.\n\nThis chapter continues the material from 1 Samuel.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Davids funeral song\nDavid praised Saul and Jonathan as great warriors and Jonathan as his dearest friend.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Synecdoche\n\nDavid used two figures of speech to express that Jonathan and Saul were great warriors: “the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])\n\n### Parallelism\nDavid's funeral song uses a lot of parallelism, where similar ideas are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
41:1q125rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבְּ⁠צִקְלָ֖ג1This is the name of a city in the southern part of Judah.
51:2v6vvrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionוּ⁠בְגָדָ֣י⁠ו קְרֻעִ֔ים וַ⁠אֲדָמָ֖ה עַל־רֹאשׁ֑⁠וֹ1In this culture, tearing ones own clothes and putting dirt on ones head was an act of mourning.
61:2js3trc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionוַ⁠יִּפֹּ֥ל אַ֖רְצָ⁠ה וַ⁠יִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ1This was an act of showing submission to David, who was now the king of Israel.
71:6uks7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication נִקְרֹ֤א נִקְרֵ֨יתִי֙1This statement emphasizes that the man did not plan to meet Saul.
81:6g386rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitשָׁא֖וּל נִשְׁעָ֣ן עַל־חֲנִית֑⁠וֹ1This could mean: (1) Saul was weak and using the spear to support himself or (2) Saul was attempting to kill himself by falling on his own spear.
91:8x88nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotesוַ⁠יֹּ֥אמֶר לִ֖⁠י מִי־אָ֑תָּה וָאֹמַ֣ר אֵלָ֔י⁠ו עֲמָלֵקִ֖י אָנֹֽכִי1These direct quotations could be stated as indirect speech. Alternate translation: “He asked me who I was, and I told him that I am an Amalekite”
101:8nvy8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitעֲמָלֵקִ֖י1These are the same people David just finishing attacking in [2 Samuel 1:1](../01/01.md).
111:9t8lyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationאֲחָזַ֖⁠נִי הַ⁠שָּׁבָ֑ץ1Sauls suffering is spoken of as something terrible that has grabbed hold of him. Alternate translation: “I am suffering terribly”
121:9he7brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomכָל־ע֥וֹד נַפְשִׁ֖⁠י בִּֽ⁠י1This idiom means he is still alive. Alternate translation: “I am still alive”
131:10fh71rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegativesכִּ֣י יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֛י לֹ֥א יִֽחְיֶ֖ה אַחֲרֵ֣י נִפְל֑⁠וֹ1Alternate translation: “he would die anyway”
141:11lzf2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionוַ⁠יַּחֲזֵ֥ק דָּוִ֛ד בִּבְגָדָ֖יו וַ⁠יִּקְרָעֵ֑⁠ם וְ⁠גַ֥ם כָּל־הָ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽ⁠וֹ1David and his men tore their clothes as a sign of mourning for the death of King Saul.
151:12j5ytrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletוְ⁠עַל־עַ֤ם יְהוָה֙ וְ⁠עַל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל1Both statements mean basically same thing. Alternate translation: “and for the Israelites soldiers”
161:12dhc9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyבֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל1The word “house” is a metonym that represents the descendants of Israel.
171:12h78crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismנָפְל֖וּ בֶּ⁠חָֽרֶב1Here **fallen** is a polite way of referring to being killed. Alternate translation: “they had died”
181:12oup3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyבֶּ⁠חָֽרֶב1**Sword** represents a battle. Alternate translation: “in battle”
191:14f3mprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy were you not afraid to kill Yahwehs anointed … hand?0This rhetorical question is used to rebuke the man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have feared Yahweh and not killed his anointed … hand!”
201:14gdq9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitYahwehs anointed king0This refers to Saul.
211:14llc8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywith your own hand0This phrase refers to doing something yourself. Alternate translation: “yourself” or “personally”
221:15k3wwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomstruck him down0This idiom means “killed him.”
231:16sv2erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyYour blood0Here “blood” is a metonym that implies “shed blood” and is associated with death. Alternate translation: “Your death”
241:16re2jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyעַל־רֹאשֶׁ֑⁠ךָ1Here “your head” is a synecdoche referring to the man and means that he is responsible. Alternate translation: “is your fault”
251:16ovsirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheפִ֗י⁠ךָ1Here “your own mouth” refers to the man himself. Alternate translation: “you yourself”
261:18xw5drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThe Bow0This was the title of the song.
271:18rz25rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundLook, {it is} written on the Scroll of the Upright0This is background information added to tell the reader what happened to the song in the future.
281:19bch8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyYour glory0“Your glory” refers to Saul.
291:19luf3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe mighty0The phrase “the mighty” refers to both Saul and Jonathan.
301:19ihzqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjגִבּוֹרִֽים1This is plural, and can be stated as “the mighty ones.”
311:19v53lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismhave fallen0The word “fallen” here means “died.”
321:20new3rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGath … Ashkelon0Gath and Ashkelon are two of the Philistines major cities. The Philistines killed Saul and Jonathan.
331:20kk6nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe uncircumcised0This phrase refers to people who do not follow Yahweh, such as the Philistines.
341:21yma7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostropheMountains of Gilboa0David speaks directly to the “Mountains of Gilboa” as if they were listening to his song.
351:21k9a4let there not be dew or rain on you0David curses the ground where King Saul died in the battle. This was out of reverence for Saul, who was Gods anointed king.
361:21nbh3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe shield of the mighty was defiled0The “mighty” here refers to Saul and Jonathan.
371:21bh3arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThe shield of Saul is no longer anointed with oil0Sauls shield was made of leather. To care for the shield, it was rubbed with oil. Alternate translation: “No one will care for Sauls shield anymore”
381:22px2src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationthe sword of Saul did not return empty0Sauls sword is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could return on its own. Rather than return empty, it was carrying the blood of Sauls enemies that it killed.
391:23zvc3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesin their death they were not separated0The phrase “were not separated” is used to emphasize that they were always together. Alternate translation: “even in death they were together”
401:23k29grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThey were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions.0Saul and Jonathan were spoken of as if they were faster than eagles and stronger than lions.
411:25s578rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe mighty0Here “mighty” is plural and refers to Saul and Jonathan. Alternate translation: “the mighty warriors”
421:25ap6lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismhave fallen0This is a polite way to say “have died.”
431:25l3rxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveJonathan is killed0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jonathan has died in battle” or “The enemy has killed Jonathan”
441:25i3z2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostropheon your high places0David continues to address this part of the song to the mountains of Gilboa as he started in [verse 21](../01/21.md).
451:26eg6mmy brother Jonathan0Here “brother” is used in the sense of a very close friend.
462:introk3220# 2 Samuel 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the story of the civil war between Sauls son and David.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Civil war\n\nThere was a civil war in Israel. David was made king of Judah and Sauls uncle (Abner) made Sauls son (Ishbosheth) king of the rest of Israel. When they fought each other, Abner killed Joabs brother, but Davids army was victorious.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical question\n\nAbner finally stopped the battle with a rhetorical question to Davids army. “Must the sword devour forever?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
472:1lt47rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitAfter this0Alternate translation: “After David mourned the deaths of Saul and Jonathan in battle”
482:1ncw1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitgo up to one of the cities of Judah0At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. David used the phrase “go up” because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Judah. Alternate translation: “travel to one of the cities of Judah”
492:2x7lnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitDavid went up with his two wives0At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. The narrator uses the phrase “went up” because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Hebron. Alternate translation: “David traveled to Hebron with his two wives”
502:4jw8krc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionanointed David king0In this symbolic act, they poured oil on Davids head to show that he was selected to be the king.
512:4gc4brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe house of Judah0Here “house” is used in the sense of “tribe.” Alternate translation: “the tribe of Judah”
522:4h1l8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesJabesh Gilead0This is the name of a town in the region of Gilead.
532:6jp9rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthis thing0They buried Saul.
542:7ss4urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochelet your hands be strong0Here “hands” refers to the people of Jabesh Gilead. Alternate translation: “be strong”
552:7c3tdrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionanointed me king0In this symbolic act, they poured oil on Davids head to show that he was selected to be the king.
562:8m5pwrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesNer … Ishbosheth0These are the names of men.
572:8i3ahrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMahanaim0This is the name of a place.
582:9e9wtrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGilead … Jezreel0These are the names of places.
592:10fb37rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe house of Judah followed David0Obeying Davids rule is spoken of as “following” him. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Judah obeyed David as their king”
602:10kz8src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhouse of Judah0Here “house” is used to mean “tribe.”
612:12t3hirc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAbner … Ner … Ishbosheth … Saul0These are the names of men.
622:13n2wnrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesZeruiah0This is the name of a man.
632:16ni8prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismthey fell down together0This is a polite way of saying they died. Alternate translation: “they both died”
642:16x416rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHelkath Hazzurim0This is a name given to remind people what happened there.
652:17gm4crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThe battle was very severe that day0It may be helpful to explicitly state that this was the large battle that followed the contest of the young men. Alternate translation: “Then the others started to fight also. It was a very fierce battle that day”
662:18smv9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesZeruiah … Joab … Abishai … Asahel0These are the names of men.
672:18n11nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileAsahel was swift in his feet like a wild gazelle0Here Asahel is compared to a gazelle, an animal that runs very fast. Alternate translation: “Asahel could run very fast”
682:18aak9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknownwild gazelle0This small, four-legged animal, with two long horns on its head, runs very fast.
692:20jd6rrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAsahel0This is the name of a man.
702:21we6krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorTurn aside to your right or to your left … turn aside0Alternate translation: “Stop chasing me … stop chasing Abner”
712:22mpv8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy should I strike you to the ground?0This rhetorical question is used to warn Asahel of the danger he faced. “Strike to the ground” is a polite way of saying “to kill.” Alternate translation: “I do not wish to kill you”
722:22k44vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionHow then could I hold up my face to Joab, your brother?0This rhetorical question emphasizes that Abner does not want to fight and kill Asahel because it would destroy Abners relationship with Joab. Alternate translation: “I would be too ashamed to look at your brother, Joab”
732:22phr4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhold up my face to Joab0Here “hold up my face to Joab” is an idiom that means to look someone in the eye without guilt or negative emotions.
742:23y5parc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorturn aside0This means to “halt” or “stop chasing.”
752:24dk79rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAbishai0This is the name of a man.
762:24ja3rrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-nameshill of Ammah … Giah0These are the names of places.
772:26bju9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionMust the sword devour forever?0This rhetorical question emphasizes that the battle had already continued too long. The killing in the battle is spoken of as if a wild animal was eating the soldiers. Alternate translation: “We do not need to keep using our swords to fight and kill each other.”
782:26vzq4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymysword0Here “sword” refers to the fighting.
792:26ukm3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDo you not know it will be bitter in the end?0This rhetorical question is used to force Joab to acknowledge that continued fighting could only result in more suffering. Alternate translation: “You know very well that there will be a terrible result if this continues!”
802:26e6unrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionHow long will it be before you tell your men to stop pursuing their brothers?0This rhetorical question is intended to convince Joab to stop fighting their fellow Israelites. Alternate translation: “Stop this now so that Israelites will not have to kill each other!”
812:26vx56rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymybrother0Here “brother” is used to represent fellow Israelites.
822:27yh65rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulaJust as God lives0This is a very strong vow. Alternate translation: “With God as my witness” or “God will affirm that I mean what I say”
832:27gze5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypoif you had not said that … pursued their brothers until the morning0This hypothetical statement tells what might have happened if Abner had not spoken wisely to Joab.
842:28qt3nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitblew the trumpet0Trumpets were used to signal orders to the armies across great distances.
852:28zk88rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyIsrael0Here “Israel” refers to the Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “the Israelite soldiers”
862:29g9irrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMahanaim0These are the names of places.
872:30ju9lrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAsahel0This is the name of a man.
882:31e92jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionthe men of Abner0Alternate translation: “the men who followed Abner.”
892:31d81hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyBenjamin0This phrase means “the tribe of Benjamin.”
902:32e5xqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicittook up Asahel0Alternate translation: “carried Asahels body with them”
913:introka390# 2 Samuel 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter records the first attempt to end the civil war.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 3:3334.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\nDavid never wanted to hurt Sauls family. Isbosheth criticized Abner and Abner became angry. He decided to help David become king of all of Israel. Abner came and made a treaty with David. As he left, Joab arrived and told him he wanted to talk to him and he murdered Abner. David was very unhappy that Abner had been killed.
923:1u6f1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhouse0Here “house” is used to mean “family.”
933:1lag1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorgrew stronger and stronger0This metaphor means the number of people supporting David increased.
943:1dju3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorgrew weaker and weaker0This metaphor means the number of people supporting Sauls family decreased.
953:2w7d8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveSons were born to David0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Davids wives gave birth to six sons”
963:2q2r6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAhinoam0This is the name of a woman, a wife of David.
973:3j96yrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalsecond son … third0These two sons were born after the “firstborn” (verse 2). This is the numerical order of Davids sons.
983:3hxl2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAbigail … Maacah0These are womens names. They are the wives of David.
993:3hy1jrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesKileab … Nabal … Talmai0These are mens names.
1003:4m8yprc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalfourth son … fifth son0This is the numerical order of Davids sons.
1013:4d5tdrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAdonijah … Shephatiah0These are the names of Davids sons.
1023:4ai9yrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHaggith … Abital0These are names of Davids wives.
1033:5nky8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalthe sixth0This is the numerical order of Davids sons.
1043:5n4tzrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesIthream0This is the name of one of Davids sons.
1053:5ujk6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesEglah0This is the name of one of Davids wives.
1063:6vrd9rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-neweventAnd it happened0This introduces a new event in the story of the struggle between Davids supporters and Sauls family.
1073:6n8iurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhouse of Saul0This refers to Sauls family.
1083:6fu4erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhouse of David0This refers to the supporters of David.
1093:6ahk2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorAbner made himself strong in the house of Saul0Abners increasing power over Sauls family is spoken of as if he became physically stronger. Alternate translation: “Abner gained more power over the family and supporters of Saul”
1103:7wnw6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesRizpah … Aiah0These are names of women.
1113:7nvs7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesIshbosheth0This is a male name, a son of Saul.
1123:7y6errc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy have you gone in to my fathers concubine?0Ishbosheth asked this question to rebuke Abner who was acting like he was the king. Alternate translation: “You did not have the right to go in to fathers concubine!”
1133:7x31prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismgone in to0This is a euphemism for sexual relations. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with”
1143:8jcd6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionAm I a dogs head that belongs to Judah?0This question is used by Abner as an angry denial of Ishbosheths accusation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not a traitor!”
1153:8rjr7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorAm I a dogs head that belongs to Judah?0Abner speaks of himself as the head of a dog, which the Israelites considered to be loyal to anyone who fed them.
1163:8jb39rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyinto the hand of David0Here “hand” represents the power to defeat. Alternate translation: “to be defeated by David”
1173:8lub9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionBut now you accuse me of an offense concerning this woman?0Abner asks this question to rebuke Ishbosheth for questioning his loyalty.
1183:9a45sMay God do so to me … and more also, if I do not0This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. Abner is asking God to judge him severely if he does not keep his vow. Your language may have a way of expressing vows. Alternate translation: “I am asking God to punish me if I do not”
1193:10h7qrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe house of Saul0Here “house” refers to Sauls family.
1203:10m8b2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythrone of David0This phrase refers to the authority of David as king.
1213:12y24crc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariantsto David0Some versions add “when he was at Hebron” and others do not. You may want to add the phrase if it is present in your national version.
1223:12alc7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhose land is this?0Abner asks this question to imply that he did not consider Ishbosheth to rightfully be the king, and that Israel needs a different ruler.
1233:12mm4src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymymy hand is with you0Here “hand” represents Abners assistance that he is offering to David. Alternate translation: “I will assist you”
1243:13r77zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheyou cannot see my face unless you first bring Michal0David is stating the condition under which he will meet Abner. Here “face” refers to David himself. Alternate translation: “you cannot see me unless you bring Michal to me first”
1253:13mks3rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMichal0This is the name of a daughter of Saul. She was Davids first wife.
1263:15ch63rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicittook her from her husband0Paltiel was Michals second husband. Saul gave her to him after David fled from Saul.
1273:15z1tirc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesPaltiel … Laish0These are the names of men.
1283:16uhj7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBahurim0This is the name of a village.
1293:18js5zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitNow do it0Alternate translation: “So now make David your king”
1303:18iac5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyBy the hand of my servant David0Here “hand” refers to Davids power to defeat the Philistines. Alternate translation: “I will empower my servant David and”
1313:18c3terc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe hand of the Philistines0Here “hand” refers to power over Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of the Philistines”
1323:18d2l2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe hand of all their enemies0Here “hand” refers to power over Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of all of their enemies”
1333:19qv92rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe people of Benjamin … the whole house of Benjamin0Both of these statements refer to the descendants of Benjamin, who were one of the tribes of Israel.
1343:21k2burc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyall Israel0This phrase means “all the people of Israel.”
1353:21ej77rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguishSo David sent Abner away0They parted as friends. David was not angry with Abner.
1363:23e26mrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronounsthey told Joab0Alternate translation: “someone told Joab”
1373:23d2r8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesNer0This is a mans name. He is the grandfather of Saul.
1383:24nzs6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhat have you done?0Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner go in peace. Alternate translation: “You should not have done this!”
1393:24ia9hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy have you sent him away, and he is gone?0Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner escape. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Abner was here and you let him leave!”
1403:25c3xzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDo you not know … everything you are doing?0Joab asks this question to convince David that Abner is plotting against David. Alternate translation: “Surely you know … everything you are doing.”
1413:26v16brc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-nameswell of Sirah0“Sirah” is the name of a place where the well was located.
1423:27w3m9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe middle of the gate0This refers to one of the gates in the city wall at Hebron.
1433:27us2yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe blood of Asahel0Here “blood” is associated with the death of Asahel. Alternate translation: “the death of Asahel”
1443:27fbb9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAsahel0This is the name of a male person.
1453:28esw1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe blood of Abner0Here “blood” refers to violent death. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Samuel 3:27](../03/27.md). Alternate translation: “the death of Abner” or “the murder of Abner”
1463:28kq45rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesNer0This is the name of a man.
1473:29h3l1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfall on the head of Joab and on all his fathers house0This phrase means the results of the guilt will happen to Joab and his family as if something heavy had collapsed on them. Alternate translation: “always cause suffering for Joab and for all his fathers house”
1483:29vz8zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyall his fathers house0Here “house” refers to descendants. Alternate translation: “all the descendants of Joabs father”
1493:29l3jdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesMay there never fail to be0This double negative emphasizes that there will always be someone with the problems listed. Alternate translation: “May there always be”
1503:29lvn8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyis killed by the sword0Here “sword” refers to violent death. Alternate translation: “dies violently”
1513:30x1zurc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAbishai … Asahel0These are the names of men.
1523:31g9prrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionTear your clothes, put on sackcloth0These were symbolic actions to demonstrate their grief and sadness.
1533:32d6g4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletThe king wept and cried loudly0The words “wept” and “cried loudly” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how much David mourned for Abner.
1543:33aq3lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionShould Abner die as a fool dies?0This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that his death was disgraceful. Alternate translation: “Abner should not have died in disgrace!”
1553:34b11crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismYour hands were not bound. Your feet were not shackled0These two sentences express similar ideas.
1563:34ni42rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveYour hands were not bound0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one had tied your hands”
1573:34uia7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveYour feet were not shackled0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one had attached your feet to chains”
1583:34im2lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe sons of injustice0This refers to people who are unjust or wicked. Alternate translation: “wicked men”
1593:35zt2vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleAll the people came0This deliberate exaggeration is used to show that the nation of Israel wanted to take care of David in his grief. Alternate translation: “Many people came”
1603:35s8g2rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulaMay God do so to me, and more also, if0This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. David is asking God to judge him severely if he eats anything before sunset. Your language many have a way of expressing vows. Alternate translation: “I am asking God to punish me if”
1613:37ax2qrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesNer0This is the name of a man.
1623:38z5prrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDo you not know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel?0This rhetorical question is used to show how much David respected Abner. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is certainly true that a great prince has died today in Israel!”
1633:38igj9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismfallen0Here “fallen” is a euphemism that means “died.”
1643:38wxn9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadysa prince and a great man0These two phrases both refer to Abner. Alternate translation: “a great prince”
1653:39e6uxrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesZeruiah0This is the name of a man.
1664:introhm820# 2 Samuel 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nWhile the end of the civil war occurs in this chapter, David still only reigned over Judah (14).\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David and Ishbosheth\n\nDavid never sought revenge against Sauls family. When two men snuck into Ishbosheths room, cut off his head and brought it to David, David had them killed for killing an innocent man. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nWhen two men brought Ishbosheths head to David and expected to get a reward for it, David condemned them with the rhetorical question: “should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])
1674:1jmf8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesIshbosheth0This is the name of a man.
1684:1jnb3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehis hands became weak0In this phrase “his hands” represents Ishbosheth himself. Alternate translation: “Ishbosheth became weak” or “Ishbosheth lost all strength”
1694:2zhe1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBaanah … Recab … Rimmon0These are names of men.
1704:2uag2rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participantsNow Sauls son had two men0This introduces the men Baanah and Rechab into the story.
1714:2d6girc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundfor Beeroth is also considered part of Benjamin0Here the author begins to provide background information about Beeroth for the reader. The area of Beeroth was part of the land that belonged to the tribe of Benjamin.
1724:2c93qrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBeeroth0This is the name of a place.
1734:3uyh4rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundand the Beerothites fled to Gittaim and have been living there until this very time0Here the author finishes providing background information about Beeroth for the reader. The area of Beeroth was part of the land that belonged to the tribe of Benjamin.
1744:3qq9mrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGittaim0This is the name of a place.
1754:4th4jrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background0This verse provides background information about Mephibosheth, a descendent of Saul through Jonathan instead of through Ishbosheth.
1764:4rav8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomcrippled in his feet0This phrase means “unable to walk.”
1774:4d8qrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe news about Saul and Jonathan0This refers to the news about their death.
1784:4zj2wrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknownnurse0This is a woman or girl who is hired to care for young children.
1794:4xl1zrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMephibosheth0This is the name of Jonathans young son, the grandson of Saul.
1804:5f4qvthe heat of the day0the middle of the day, the part of the day when it is the hottest
1814:8n1gdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomsought your life0This idiom means “was trying to kill you.”
1824:9c7l9rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulaAs Yahweh lives0This is one of the strongest oaths David could swear, as Yahweh is the witness. Alternate translation: “I swear on the life of Yahweh”
1834:9qe3vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochewho delivered my life0Here “life” refers to David himself. This means that Yahweh has kept David alive. Alternate translation: “who rescued me”
1844:11ve2rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionHow much more … should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth?0This question is used to show that the men had committed an especially serious crime. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are even more guilty! It is my duty to require his blood from your hand and to remove you from the earth.”
1854:11pl52rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyrequire his blood from your hand0The phrase “his blood” represents the life of Ishbosheth.
1864:12b1eprc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactioncut off their hands and feet and hung them up0These were symbolic actions to show contempt for the men.
1874:12a16grc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionthey took the head of Ishbosheth and buried it in the grave0This was a symbolic act to honor Ishbosheth. This could be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “they honored Ishbosheth by burying his head in the grave”
1885:introjv2a0# 2 Samuel 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis records the beginning of the kingdoms expansion.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David conquers Jerusalem\n\nDavid brought the combined army to Jerusalem and conquered it by going in through the water shaft. He enlarged the city and strengthened the defenses, and made it his capital. Jerusalem is an important place in the plans of God.\n\n### David consulting God\n\nDavid always consulted God before fighting a battle. The Philistines invaded Israel trying to capture David. David asked God if he should attack the Philistines, and God said yes; so he defeated them. They invaded again and God told him to attack them from the rear and he defeated them again.
1895:1qs6rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwe are your flesh and bone0This phrase means “a relative.” Alternate translation: “we are related to you” or “we are of the same family” -
1905:2h5dxrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundIn the recent past0This is historical information. Saul had been their king before David.
1915:2fr5erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismYou will shepherd my people Israel, and you will become ruler over Israel0These two clauses mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh had chosen David to be king.
1925:2rcd5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorYou will shepherd my people Israel0Here ruling over the people is spoken of as shepherding them. Alternate translation: “You will care for my people Israel” or “You will rule over my people Israel”
1935:3ep1qrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionThey anointed David king over Israel0To “anoint” is a symbolic act to show that they recognized that God had chosen David as king.
1945:6j73yYou will not come here except to be turned away by the blind and the lame0This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “If you come here, even the blind and the lame will be able to turn you away”
1955:6m16brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe blind and the lame0Here “the blind” and “the lame” are nominal adjectives. Alternate translation: “those people who cannot see and those who cannot walk”
1965:8c5p9David said, “Those who attack the Jebusites0David was speaking to his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David said to his soldiers, Those who want to get rid of the Jebus people”
1975:8z3vcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe blind and the lame0This could mean: (1) the Jebusites inside the city of Jerusalem were so weak that it was as if they were handicapped, or (2) people who are physically lame and blind.
1985:11m9gyrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHiram0This is the name of a man.
1995:13d3s6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivemore sons and daughters were born to him0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he had more sons and daughters” or “they bore him more sons and daughters”
2005:14fcd9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesShammua … Shobab … Nathan … Solomon0These are the names of Davids sons.
2015:14lw16rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewho were born to him0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that his wives bore for him” or “he had”
2025:15t2yzrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesIbhar … Elishua … Nepheg … Japhia0These are the names of Davids sons.
2035:16xzm3rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesElishama … Eliada … Eliphelet0These are the names of Davids sons.
2045:17w75rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbolethey all went out looking for him0Here “all” is a generalization that means the Philistine army. Alternate translation: “the Philistine army went looking for him”
2055:18f39yrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesValley of Rephaim0This is the name of a place.
2065:20sm5prc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBaal Perazim0This is the name of a place.
2075:20n37irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileYahweh has burst through my enemies before me like a bursting flood of water0Here David speaks of the victory that Yahweh brought as if it were a flood of water that overflowed its banks and covered the land, causing destruction. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has overwhelmed my enemies like a flood overwhelms the land”
2085:22ipp2the Philistines came up again0They “came up” because the Philistines lived at a lower elevation than Davids stronghold.
2095:22u2grrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesValley of Rephaim0This is the name of a place.
2105:23lzk7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknownbalsam woods0“Balsam” here is a type of tree.
2115:24vp29rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personWhen you hear … Yahweh will have gone out before you to attack the army of the Philistines0Yahweh here speaks of himself in the third person.
2125:24ccz2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorWhen you hear the sound of marching in the wind blowing through the balsam treetops0This speaks of the sound of the leaves rustling as wind blows through them as if it were the sound of marching. Alternate translation: “When the wind blowing through the tops of the balsam trees sounds like men marching”
2135:25z8t1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGeba … Gezer0These are the names of places.
2146:introaen50# 2 Samuel 6 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Holiness of the Ark\n\nDavid organized a procession with many musical instruments to bring the ark to Jerusalem. They put it on a cart; but when the oxen stumbled, Uzzah reached out to steady it so it would not fall. God killed him for touching the ark. David was angry at God for killing Uzzah and was afraid to bring the ark any further. Uzzah died because the ark was perfectly holy. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])\n
2156:1dz26rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyall the chosen men of Israel0This metonym represents the army of the nation of Israel.
2166:2bci3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitfrom Baalah in Judah to bring up from there the ark of God0It is implied that they are taking the ark to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “from Baalah in Judah to take to Jerusalem the ark of God”
2176:2vy3hto bring up from there the ark of God0Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it.
2186:2jrd4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-goto bring up0The word “bring” can be translated as “take.”
2196:2t6lnrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBaalah0This is the name of a place.
2206:2pkw6which is called by the name of Yahweh of hosts0Yahwehs name was written on the ark.
2216:2ima6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwho sits enthroned over the cherubim0You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are carved statues on the lid of the ark of the covenant.
2226:2uyvfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahwehs footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above.
2236:3b2ebrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAbinadab … Uzzah … Ahio0These are names of men.
2246:5h1vhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyall the house of Israel0This metonym represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the other Israelites with him”
2256:5g4xkrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknowntambourines0A tambourine is a musical instrument like the head of a drum with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken or hit.
2266:6ju6grc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesNakon0This is the name of a man.
2276:7yht6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoranger of Yahweh burned0Here the anger of Yahweh is spoken of as if it were fire.
2286:7b8dyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitfor his sin0It was a sin for Uzzah to touch the ark because Yahweh had commanded that no one should touch the ark.
2296:8e8lqrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesPerez Uzzah0This is the name of a place. Translator may add a footnote that says, “The name Perez Uzzah means the punishment of Uzzah.’”
2306:8tqy3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitto this day0This means to the time when this was being written.
2316:9yx34rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionHow can the ark of Yahweh come to me?0David uses this question to emphasize that he is afraid to take the ark to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “I am too afraid to bring the ark of Yahweh with me to Jerusalem.”
2326:10qjd6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesObed Edom the Gittite0This is the name of a man.
2336:11a4fgblessed him0Here “him” refers to Obed Edom the Gittite.
2346:12j7rurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveKing David was told0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people told King David”
2356:12tg1qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyObed Edoms house0Here “house” represents a family. Alternate translation: “Obed Edom and his family”
2366:12tke4brought up the ark of God0Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it. Alternate translation: “moved the ark of God” or “took the ark of God”
2376:12d195rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gobrought up0The word “brought” can be translated as “took.”
2386:14m97qDavid danced before Yahweh with all his might0Dancing here is a form of joyfully worshiping Yahweh.
2396:14ubu5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknownlinen0a cloth made from fibers of the flax plant
2406:15td5nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyall the house of Israel0Here “house” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the other Israelites with him”
2416:16jz44rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMichal0Michal was the daughter of King Saul and also Davids first wife. See how you translated this name in [2 Samuel 3:13](../03/13.md).
2426:16tjm7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyshe despised him in her heart0Here “heart” represents thoughts or emotions. Alternate translation: “she looked at him with disdain” or “she sneered at him”
2436:16b6w2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymybefore Yahweh0Alternate translation: “to Yahweh”
2446:18k4tarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhe blessed the people in the name of Yahweh of hosts0To bless “in the name of Yahweh of hosts” means to bless with Yahwehs power and authority or as his representative.
2456:20k14xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gocame out0Here “came” can be translated as “went.”
2466:20jd22rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ironyHow honored the king of Israel was today0This is an ironic statement. Michal means the opposite of what she said, and she does not believe David acted honorably. Michal speaks disrespectfully to King David about his dancing attire and behavior.
2476:20nsq4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochebefore the eyes of the slave girls0Here “eyes of the slave girls” represents the slave girls. Alternate translation: “in front of the slave girls”
2486:20b7aurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similecrude fellows0Michal is comparing David to vulgar and foolish men.
2496:21pz59rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youwho chose me above your father0Here “your” refers to Michal.
2506:21a36nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletover the people of Yahweh, over Israel0Here “the people of Yahweh” and “Israel” mean the same thing.
2516:22run9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ironyI will be even more undignified than this0David is being ironic and means the opposite of what he said. He does not believe what he did was actually undignified or that his actions in the future will be undignified.
2526:22y1purc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyI will be humiliated in my own eyes0Here “in my own eyes” represents what a person considers or thinks about something. Alternate translation: “I will consider myself humiliated” or “I will consider myself a fool”
2536:22ifj3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveBut by these slave girls you have spoken about, I will be honored0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But the slave girls of whom you have spoken will honor me”
2547:introc6fb0# 2 Samuel 7 General Notes\n\n### Covenant of David\n\nGod made a covenant with David that was not conditioned upon anything David or his descendants did. God promised that one of Davids descendants would rule Israel forever. Because Israel would not have a king in the future, this promise did not begin at this time. The descendant, who would rule forever, is Jesus. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])
2557:1cu7zrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-neweventIt happened0This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2567:1r5agrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsgiven him rest from all his surrounding enemies0Here “rest” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “caused the enemy people groups to stop attacking Israel”
2577:3q2imrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymydo what is in your heart0Here “heart” represents the mind. Alternate translation: “do what you think you should”
2587:3aw2nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfor Yahweh is with you0Here “with you” means God is helping and blessing David.
2597:4l5r9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe word of Yahweh came to Nathan, saying:0The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Nathan. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Nathan:”
2607:5kj3lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWill you build me a house in which to live?0Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that David is not the one to build a house for Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not build a house for me”
2617:5j3s5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorbuild me a house0Here “house” means a temple. In 7:11 Yahweh will say that he will build a house for David. There “house” means a family. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:11.
2627:7t5djrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotesdid I ever say anything to any of Israels leaders whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel, saying, “Why have you not built me a house of cedar?”0This has a quotation within a quotation. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “did I ever ask any of Israels leaders, whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel, why they had not built me a house of cedar?”
2637:7azt9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestiondid I ever say anything to any of Israels leaders0Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he never asked any of Israels leaders to build him a house. Alternate translation: “I never said anything to any of Israels leaders”
2647:7vnx2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwhom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel0Those who are leaders of the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people were sheep.
2657:7kek6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy have you not built me a house of cedar?0If Yahweh had asked the leaders this question, he would have been using a question to scold them for not building him a house of cedar. Alternate translation: “You should have built me a house of cedar.”
2667:8xsx1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotestell my servant David, This is what Yahweh of hosts says: I took you … so that you would be ruler over my people Israel.0This has quotations within quotations. It may be necessary to translate the direct quotations as indirect quotations as in the UST. Alternate translation: “tell my servant David that I took him … so that he would be ruler over my people Israel”
2677:8dae2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyI took you from the pasture0Davids job as a shepherd is referred to by the place he watched his sheep. Alternate translation: “I took you from your job as a shepherd”
2687:9euh7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotesI have been with you wherever you went. I have cut off all your enemies from before you. Now I will make your name great, like the names of the great ones of the earth0This continues the quotations within quotations. It may be necessary to translate the direct quotations as indirect quotations as in the UST.
2697:9arz6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitI have been with you0Here “with you” means that Yahweh has helped and blessed David.
2707:9pbz4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI have cut off all your enemies0Yahweh destroying Davids enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh cut them off, as one would cut a branch from a tree.
2717:9g9f5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymymake your name great0Here “name” represents a persons reputation.
2727:9vtf6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe great ones0The phrase “great ones” means famous persons.
2737:10k1ycrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI will appoint a place0Alternate translation: “I will choose a place”
2747:10etx1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwill plant them there0Yahweh causing the people to live in the land permanently and securely is spoken of as if he would plant them in the land.
2757:11wxh3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitfrom the days0Alternate translation: “from the time”
2767:11gat9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomto be over my people Israel0To be in authority is referred to as being over someone. Alternate translation: “to rule my people Israel”
2777:11cyy5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotesNow I will give you rest from all your enemies … declare to you that I will make you a house0If in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) and [2 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then you may need to change the pronouns to fit.
2787:11a1awrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsI will give you rest from all your enemies0Here “rest” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “I will make all your enemies stop attacking you”
2797:11ax6wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyI will make you a house0Here the metonym “house” refers to Davids ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel.
2807:12bvq2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismWhen your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers0These two phrases have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis.
2817:12n74qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismכִּ֣י ׀ יִמְלְא֣וּ יָמֶ֗י⁠ךָ וְ⁠שָֽׁכַבְתָּ֙ אֶת־אֲבֹתֶ֔י⁠ךָ0They both are polite ways to refer to death and dying. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2827:12zh5irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI will raise up a descendant after you0Yahweh appointing Davids descendant is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift him up.
2837:12n1u2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomone who will come out from your body0This is an idiom that means the person will be Davids descendant.
2847:12wn76rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyI will establish his kingdom0Here “his kingdom” represents his power to rule. Alternate translation: “I will make him to be a very powerful king”
2857:13rz89rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymya house for my name0Here “name” refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “for me”
2867:13nmu3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyI will establish the throne of his kingdom forever0Here “throne” represents the persons power to rule as king. Alternate translation: “I will make his rule over Israel to last forever”
2877:15h75jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsBut my covenant faithfulness will not leave him, as I took it from Saul0The word “faithfulness” is an abstract noun that can be stated as “faithfully loving.” Alternate translation: “I will never stop faithfully loving him as I stopped loving Saul”
2887:15a6sgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotationsfrom before you0If in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) and [2 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then you may need to change the pronouns to fit.
2897:16q3bdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotationsYour house … before you. Your throne0If in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) and [2 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then you may need to change the pronouns to fit.
2907:16t2rkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismYour house and kingdom will be confirmed forever before you. Your throne will be established forever.0These two sentences have similar meanings and emphasize that Davids dynasty will last forever.
2917:16y1vvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletYour house and kingdom will be confirmed forever before you0Here the word “house” represents Davids descendants, who will rule as kings.
2927:16zrmurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythrone0Here “throne” represents the power to rule as king.
2937:16bu2wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveYour throne will be established forever0Alternate translation: “I will cause your descendants to rule over Israel forever”
2947:17mei7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitall these words0“all these things.” This refers to what Yahweh had said.
2957:18nf24rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWho am I, Yahweh God, and what is my family that you have brought me to this point?0David asks this question to express the deep emotion he felt from hearing Yahwehs proclamation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family and I are not worthy of this honor, Yahweh God.”
2967:19tj8jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorin your sight0Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your judgment”
2977:19r9inrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politenessyour servants family0Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “my family”
2987:19btd7rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politenessyour servant0Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “me”
2997:20sd87rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhat more can I, David, say to you?0David uses this question to emphasize that he has nothing left to say to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “There is nothing more I can say to you.”
3007:21d51grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyFor your words sake0Alternate translation: “Because of what you promised to do”
3017:21mia3rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politenessto your servant0David refers to himself as “your servant.” It can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “to me”
3027:22s9d3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheas we have heard with our own ears0The phrase “with our own ears” is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “as we ourselves have heard”
3037:22eu9yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusiveas we have heard0Here “we” refers to David and the nation of Israel.
3047:23gt3crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhat nation is like your people Israel, the one nation on earth whom you, God, went and rescued for yourself?0David uses a question emphasize that there is no other nation like Israel. Alternate translation: “There is no nation like your people Israel, the one nation on earth whom you, God, went and rescued for yourself.”
3057:23u6gxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyto make a name for yourself0Here “name” represents Yahwehs reputation. Alternate translation: “to make all people know who you are”
3067:23gpj6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfor your land0Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “for your people”
3077:25wp22rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivemay the promise that you made concerning your servant and his family be established forever0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “may you do what you promised to me and my family, and may your promise never change”
3087:25i7rzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personyour servant and his family0David is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “me and my family”
3097:26yq4vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyMay your name be forever great0Here “name” represents Yahwehs reputation.
3107:26tv8xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe house of me, David, your servant0Here “house” represents family. Alternate translation: “my family”
3117:26r53arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveis established before you0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is secure because of you” or “continues because of you”
3127:27i375rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personto your servant that you will build him a house0David refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “to me that you will build me a house”
3137:27l4ynrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythat you will build him a house0Here the metonym “house” refers to Davids ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel.
3147:27fs5trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhouse0Here “house” represents Davids family.
3157:29n6ikrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewith your blessing your servants house will be blessed forever0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will continue to bless my family forever”
3167:29k3a5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personyour servants house0Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “my house” or “my family”
3178:introhc4j0# 2 Samuel 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter returns to the theme of the expansion of Davids kingdom.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God enabled victory\n\nGod enabled David to conquer all the surrounding nations. Much of the loot and tribute David received, he saved for the temple that his son would build.
3188:1drj7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheDavid attacked0Here David represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers attacked”
3198:2xbr2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheThen he defeated0Here “he” refers to David who represents his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Then they defeated”
3208:3r73arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheDavid then defeated Hadadezer0Here both “David” and “Hadadezer” represent their armies. Alternate translation: “David and his army then defeated the army of Hadadezer”
3218:3y7afrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHadadezer … Rehob0These are the names of men.
3228:3met2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesZobah0This is the name of a region in Aram.
3238:4cc6yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitDavid hamstrung0This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot run.
3248:5u7vwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheDavid killed0Here David represents his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers killed”
3258:6ph45rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitput garrisons in Aram0Alternate translation: “ordered large groups of his soldiers to remain in Aram”
3268:7ft9erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyDavid took0Here “David” refers to his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Davids soldiers took”
3278:8qtw6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheKing David took0Here “David” refers to him and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “King Davids soldiers took”
3288:8nu2qrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesTebah and Berothai0These are the names of places.
3298:9t4enrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesTou0These are the names of men.
3308:9le1qrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHamath0This is the name of a place.
3318:9l3derc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheDavid had defeated0Here “David” refers to him and his army. Alternate translation: “David and his army had defeated”
3328:10yiq3rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesTou … Hadoram0These are the names of men.
3338:12cjj3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyand Amalek0Alternate translation: “and the Amalekites”
3348:12z5x6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHadadezer son of Rehob, the king of Zobah0See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 8:3](../08/03.md).
3358:13hrc2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyDavids name was well known0Here “name” refers to Davids reputation. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “David was very famous”
3368:13c9s7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesValley of Salt0This is the name of a place. Its exact location is unknown.
3378:13th6rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-expliciteighteen thousand men0“18,000 men”
3388:14gc6urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitHe placed garrisons throughout all of Edom0Alternate translation: “He ordered groups of his soldiers to remain in areas throughout all of Edom”
3398:16r8xjrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesJoab … Zeruiah0See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md).
3408:16nig1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAhilud0This is the name of a man.
3418:17k3p5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAhitub … Ahimelech … Seraiah0These are names of men.
3428:18gm1frc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBenaiah … Jehoiada0These are names of men.
3438:18xxs8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesKerethites … Pelethites0These are names of people-groups. These people were Davids bodyguards.
3449:introlwh60# 2 Samuel 9 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Davids vow\nDavid determined to fulfill his vow to Jonathan to care for Jonathans descendants. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical question and metaphor\n\nJonathans son expressed his surprise and feeling of unworthiness with a rhetorical question: “What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am?” and by a metaphor comparing himself to “a dead dog.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3459:2id7arc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesZiba0This is the name of a man.
3469:2ura2rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politenessI am your servant0Ziba calls himself “your servant” to show great respect to David.
3479:3j5larc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsI may show the kindness of God0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **kindness**, you can express the same idea with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “I may be kind as I promised God I would be”
3489:3u7barc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywho is lame in his feet0The word “feet” here refers to the ability to walk. Alternate translation: “who is unable to walk”
3499:4ee6arc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMachir … Ammiel0These are names of men.
3509:4st1rrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesLo Debar0This is the name of a place.
3519:5tj7urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisKing David sent0It is understood that David sent messengers.
3529:6wni4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gocame to David0The word “came” can be translated as “went.”
3539:6huu6rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politenessI am your servant0Mephibosheth refers to himself as “your servant” to show great honor to David.
3549:7zy8zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyyou will always eat at my table0Here “my table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “you will always eat with me”
3559:8fvp8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhat is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am?0This rhetorical question shows that Mephibosheth understands that he is not important enough for the king to take care of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am like a dead dog. I do not deserve for you to be kind to me.”
3569:8j13erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorsuch a dead dog0Here Mephibosheth represents the line of Saul, and he compares himself to a “dead dog.” Dogs were feral animals, not cared for, and of little importance. A dead dog would be considered even less important. Alternate translation: “such a person like me who is worthless as a dead dog”
3579:10cb8wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymymust always eat at my table0Here “my table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “must always eat with me”
3589:11fwy9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personYour servant will do all that my master the king commands his servant0Ziba refers to himself as “your servant” and refers to David as “my master.” Alternate translation: “I, your servant will do all that you, my king, command me to do”
3599:12eu17rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMika0This is the name of the son of Mephibosheth.
3609:12u3qrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyAll who lived in the house of Ziba0Here “house” represents Zibas family. Alternate translation: “All of Zibas family”
3619:13caj8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhe always ate at the kings table0Here “table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “he always ate with the king at his table”
3629:13du2grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythough he was lame in both his feet0Here “feet” represents the ability to walk. Alternate translation: “though he was unable to walk”
36310:introabca0# 2 Samuel 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe chapter records the last expansion of Davids kingdom. This chapter is also the beginning of a section dealing with the war between Israel and Ammon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Shame\n\nIt was apparently the cause of shame or embarrassment in ancient Ammon to have their beards shaved off or to have their garments cut off. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n
36410:1g3zsrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHanun0This is the name of a man.
36510:2k9r2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHanun … Nahash0These are the names of men.
36610:3r4atrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDo you really think that … you?0The leaders use a question to suggest to the king that he should not trust David. Alternate translation: “You are wrong to think that … you!”
36710:3gmb8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionHas not David … overthrow it?0The leaders use a question to suggest to the king that he should not trust David. Alternate translation: “You need to know that David … overthrow it.”
36810:3d8ecrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyin order to overthrow it0Here “it” refers to the city which represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “in order to conquer us”
36910:3bm5tthe city0Here “the city” refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites.
37010:4g9marc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionshaved off half their beards0This act was meant as an insult to humiliate the men.
37110:5v21lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisthen return0It is understood that they should return to Jerusalem.
37210:6v8sirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthey had become a stench to David0The phrase “become a stench” is a metaphor for “they had become offensive.” Alternate translation: “they had become offensive like a bad smell to David”
37310:6t6tcrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBeth Rehob … Zobah … Maacah … Tob0These are the names of places.
37410:8u7sjto their city gate0Here “the city” refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites.
37510:10ka2aThe rest of his people he put into the hand of Abishai his brother0Alternate translation: “He put Abishai his brother in charge of the rest of the army”
37610:11nlq4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochefor me, then you, Abishai, must rescue me0Joab and Abishai represents themselves and their armies. Alternate translation: “for us, then you, Abishai, and your army must rescue us”
37710:14q6sprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochefrom Abishai0Here Abishai represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “from Abishai and his soldiers”
37810:14d64cinto the city0Here “the city” refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites.
37910:14v8x9went back to Jerusalem0Alternate translation: “returned to Jerusalem”
38010:15rg85rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveWhen the Arameans saw that they were being defeated by Israel0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when the Arameans realized that the Israelites were defeating them”
38110:16yd3irc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHadarezer … Shobak0These are the names of men.
38210:16sle1from beyond the Euphrates River0This means the east side of the Euphrates River.
38310:16nik5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-goThey came to Helam0Here “came to” can be translated as “went to” or “gathered at”
38410:16rhn4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHelam0This is the name of a place.
38510:17pz1src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveWhen David was told this0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “When David heard about this”
38610:17vk7arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymygathered all Israel together0Here “Israel” represents the army of Israel. Alternate translation: “assembled all the army of Israel together”
38710:17ism8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHelam0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 10:16](../10/16.md).
38810:17ln59rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheagainst David and fought him0Here David represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “against David and his soldiers and fought them”
38910:18tev3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheDavid killed0Here “David” is a synecdoche for himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers killed”
39010:18s2lgrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesShobak0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 10:16](../10/16.md).
39110:19s2mkrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHadarezer0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 10:16](../10/16.md).
39210:19dzd4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivesaw that they were defeated by Israel0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “realized that the Israelites had defeated them”
39311:introabcb0# 2 Samuel 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a new section of Davids life. God punished David by allowing his family to have many problems.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n
39411:1eqn9rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-neweventIt came about in the springtime0This introduces a new event in the story line.
39511:1jf4rat the time0Alternate translation: “at the time of year”
39611:1a4dsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitDavid sent out Joab, his servants, and all the army of Israel0David sent them out to war. This can be stated clearly. Also, the word “his” refers to David. Alternate translation: “David sent Joab, his servants, and all the army of Israel to war”
39711:1qac9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethe army of Ammon0Alternate translation: “the Ammonite army”
39811:1myy2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesRabbah0This is the name of a city.
39911:2wi9yrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-neweventSo it came about0The author uses this phrase to introduce the next event in the story line.
40011:2qi78rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicita woman who was bathing0The woman was not on the roof, she would have been bathing outside in the courtyard of her house. Alternate translation: “a woman who was bathing in the courtyard of her house”
40111:3yv7grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomSo David sent0Here the word “sent” means that David sent a messenger. Alternate translation: “So David sent a messenger”
40211:3ht5yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionIs not this Bathsheba … and is she not the wife of Uriah the Hittite?0This question gives information and can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is Bathsheba … and she is the wife of Uriah the Hittite.”
40311:4s4dnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymytook her0David sent messengers, and they took her and brought her to him. Alternate translation: “they brought her to him”
40411:4qka3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismhe lay with her0This is a polite way of saying that he had sexual relations with her. You may need to use a different euphemism in your language.
40511:4n2ggmenstruation0the time when a woman bleeds from her womb
40611:5e4v5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomshe sent and told David; she said, “I am pregnant.”0Here the word “sent” means that she sent a messenger to tell David that she was pregnant. Alternate translation: “she sent a messenger to David, and the messenger told David that she was pregnant”
40711:6bds8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomThen David sent0Here the word “sent” means that David sent a messenger. Alternate translation: “Then David sent a messenger”
40811:7vjr7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhow Joab was, how the army was doing, and how the war was going0David was asking if Joab and the army were well and about the progress of the war. Alternate translation: “if Joab was well, if other soldiers were well, and how the war was progressing”
40911:8f1ghrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywash your feet0This phrase is a metonym for returning home to rest for the night after working all day. Alternate translation: “rest for the night”
41011:8s4b9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe king sent a gift for Uriah0David sent someone to bring the gift to Uriah. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the king sent someone to take a gift to Uriah”
41111:9fp1uhis master0The word “his” refers to Uriah and the word “master” refers to David.
41211:10p5tgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionHave you not come from a journey? Why did you not go down to your house?0This rhetorical question is used to show Davids surprise that Uriah did not visit his wife. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “After coming from such a long journey, you should have gone down to your house.”
41311:11t1wrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheIsrael and Judah0This refers to their armies. Alternate translation: “the armies of Israel and Judah”
41411:11w65krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionHow then can I go into my house … with my wife?0This rhetorical question is used to emphasize Uriahs refusal to visit his wife and can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It would be wrong for me to go into my house … with my wife while the other soldiers in my army are in danger.”
41511:11k6b2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismto lie with my wife0This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with my wife”
41611:11ww5lrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulaAs sure as you are alive, I will not do this0Uriah swears a strong promise that he will not go home to his wife as long as the rest of the soldiers are at war. He makes this promise by comparing the truth of his promise to the certainty that the king was alive. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that I will not do this”
41711:13a9yzhe ate and drank before him0Alternate translation: “Uriah ate and drank with David”
41811:14c9uzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochesent it by the hand of Uriah0The phrase “the hand of Uriah” refers to Uriah himself. Alternate translation: “sent Uriah himself to deliver it to him”
41911:15r9phrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possessionvery front of the most intense battle0Alternate translation: “very front of the battle line where the fighting is the worst”
42011:15z3uswithdraw from him0Alternate translation: “command the soldiers to back away from him”
42111:17x2mtrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismsome of the soldiers of David fell0The word “fell” is a polite way to refer to the soldiers being killed. Alternate translation: “Davids soldiers were killed” or “they killed some of Davids soldiers”
42211:17s5r9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveand Uriah the Hittite was also killed there0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “including Uriah the Hittite” or “and the men of the city also killed Uriah the Hittite”
42311:18g9kwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyJoab sent word to David0The phrase “sent word” means that he sent a messenger to give a report. Alternate translation: “Joab sent a messenger to David to give a report”
42411:20a8wjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy did you go so near … from the wall?0These questions may be written as statements. Alternate translation: “You should not have gone so near to the city to fight. You should have known that they would shoot from the wall.”
42511:20n65urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitshoot from the wall0This refers to men of the city shooting arrows down at their enemy from the top of the city wall. Alternate translation: “shoot arrows at you from the top of the city wall”
42611:21h8q7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWho killed Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth?0If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Remember how Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth was killed!”
42711:21h97rrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAbimelech son of Jerub-Besheth0This is the name of a man. His father is also know by the name Gideon.
42811:21uf4wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDid not a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died at Thebez?0If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Remember he died at Thebez when a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the top of the wall.”
42911:21zx1src://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknownmillstone0a heavy stone that would roll, used to crush grain for making bread
43011:21g9p7from the wall0Alternate translation: “from the top of the city wall”
43111:21q6dzrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesThebez0This is the name of a city.
43211:21p6i4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy did you go so near the wall?0If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have gone so near the wall!”
43311:23ax3fthe gate0Alternate translation: “the city gate”
43411:24jnl2their shooters shot0Alternate translation: “their shooters shot arrows”
43511:24ych3kings servants0Here “servants” refers to soldiers, not slaves, because soldiers were servants of the king.
43611:25v2pbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfor the sword devours one as well as another0Here “the sword” refers to a person who kills someone with sword. Also, killing someone with a sword is spoken of as if the sword were “eating” the people. Alternate translation: “for one man can be killed by a sword the same as another man” or “for any man can die in battle”
43711:25mk7aMake your battle even stronger0Alternate translation: “Fight even stronger”
43811:27d21wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomDavid sent and took her home0Here the word “sent” means that he sent a messenger to get her and bring her to him. Alternate translation: “David sent a messenger to her to bring her home”
43911:27cq8xdispleased Yahweh0Alternate translation: “saddened Yahweh” or “angered Yahweh”
44012:introabcc0# 2 Samuel 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis is the final expansion of Davids kingdom and records the end of the war with Ammon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n
44112:3jfa8ewe lamb0a female lamb
44212:3wd4grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similewas like a daughter to him0This refers to the closeness of this man and his little lamb. Alternate translation: “he loved it as much as if it were one of his daughters”
44312:4vv6bewe lamb0a young, female sheep
44412:4c763rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitfor his visitor0It was for his visitor to eat. Alternate translation: “for his visitor to eat”
44512:5tm95rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorDavid was hot with anger against0Here the author describes how David was very angry as if his body were physically hot because of his anger. Alternate translation: “David became furious with” or “David became very angry with”
44612:5gd2wrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulaAs Yahweh lives0This expresses that David was swearing an oath or serious promise. Alternate translation: “I declare, as surely as Yahweh lives”
44712:5r45brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomto be put to death0This means to be killed.
44812:7x85zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyout of the hand of Saul0Here the word “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “out of Sauls control” or “from Sauls control”
44912:8ty2vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoryour masters wives into your arms0Here Yahweh describes David having his masters wives as his own wives, by saying that they are “in his lap.” Alternate translation: “your masters wives as your own”
45012:8v7tcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI also gave you the house of Israel and Judah0Here Yahweh speaks of how he gave David his authority as king over Israel and Judah as if he gave him the houses of Israel and Judah as a gift.
45112:8j40nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The phrase “the house of” means “the people of.”
45212:8sr3vif that had been too little0Alternate translation: “if I had not given you enough”
45312:9nb14rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionSo why have you despised … Yahweh, so as to do what is evil in his sight?0This rhetorical question is used to rebuke David. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement, as modeled by the UST.
45412:9ctt1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwhat is evil in his sight0Here “sight” refers to Yahwehs thoughts or opinion. Alternate translation: “what he considers to be evil” or “what is evil in Yahwehs judgement”
45512:9iy29rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyYou have struck down Uriah the Hittite with the sword0David did not kill Uriah himself, rather he arranged for him to be killed in battle.
45612:9n595rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyYou killed him with the sword of the army of Ammon0David did not kill Uriah himself, rather he arranged for him to be killed in battle when Israel was fighting against Ammon.
45712:10t13vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe sword will never leave your house0Here the word “sword” refers to people dying in war.
45812:10vjt0rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Davids “house” refers to his descendants.
45912:11zbq2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyout of your own house0Here Davids “house” refers to his family. Alternate translation: “from among your own family”
46012:11d9zarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheBefore your own eyes0Here David is referred to by his eyes to emphasize what he would see. Alternate translation: “While you are watching”
46112:11bc2jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismhe will lie with your wives0This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he will have sexual relations with your wives”
46212:11br6xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorin broad daylight0“in full daylight.” The idea of doing something “openly” or in a way that people are fully aware of what is happening is often spoken about as being done in the “daylight.” Alternate translation: “openly” or “and everyone will see what is happening”
46312:12cy92committed your sin0Alternate translation: “sinned”
46412:12g9jfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymybefore all Israel0This phrase speaks of the people of Israel knowing about what has happened to his wives as if they all actually witnessed it happening. Alternate translation: “before all the people of Israel”
46512:13u54jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorpassed over0Yahweh has forgiven David of his sin. This is spoken of here as Yahweh passing over his sin as if it were something that he walked by and disregarded. Alternate translation: “forgiven”
46612:14vm9hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe child who is born to you0The phrase “born to you” means that it is Davids baby. Alternate translation: “your child who will be born”
46712:15eh1xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe child that Uriahs wife bore to David0This means that she gave birth to a child and that David was his father. Alternate translation: “Davids child, who Uriahs wife gave birth to”
46812:17dyf7to raise him up from the floor0Alternate translation: “and urged him to get up from the floor”
46912:18f2jxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehe did not listen to our voice0The servants are referred to here by their voices to emphasize that they were speaking. Alternate translation: “he did not listen to us”
47012:18ueh7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalthe seventh day0This refers to the seventh day after the baby was born. Alternate translation: “the seventh day after he was born”
47112:18j2piLook0This is used to get peoples attention. Alternate translation: “Listen”
47212:18sz9xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhat might he do to himself if we tell him that the boy is dead?!0The servants ask this rhetorical question to express their fear. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We are afraid that he may harm himself if we tell him that the boy is dead!”
47312:22p2zarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWho knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me, that the child may live?0David asked this rhetorical question to empathize that no one knew if Yahweh would let the child live. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me so that the child may live.”
47412:23pf4krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionBut now he is dead, so why should I fast?0David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that he no longer has a reason to fast. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Now that he is dead it would be of no use to fast any longer.”
47512:23cc5prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionCan I bring him back again?0David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that the boy cannot come back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot bring him back to life.”
47612:23qs7prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitI will go to him0David implies that he will go to where his child is when he dies. Alternate translation: “When I die I will go to where he is”
47712:24f8utrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletwent in to her and lay with her0Both the phrase “went in to her” and the phrase “lay with her” refer to David having sexual relations with Bathsheba and emphasize what they did. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with her”
47812:25m6cerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhe sent word through Nathan the prophet0Here “word” refers to a message that Yahweh told Nathan to tell David. Alternate translation: “he sent Nathan to tell him”
47912:25rd3rrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesJedidiah0This is another name for Davids son Solomon, which Yahweh chose for him.
48012:26jf3trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheJoab fought … he captured0Here the author says “Joab” but he is referring to Joab and his soldiers who fought with him. Alternate translation: “Joab and his soldiers fought … they captured”
48112:26ar6mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyRabbah0Fighting against this city literally means to fight against the people of Rabbah. Alternate translation: “the people of Rabbah”
48212:27ip2qSo Joab sent messengers to David and said0Alternate translation: “So Joab sent messengers to David to say to him”
48312:27c6aurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhave taken the citys water supply0“Taking” a place or landmark means to take control of it. Alternate translation: “have taken control of the citys water supply”
48412:27n5s7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheI have fought … I have taken0Here Joab speaks of himself when he is actually referring to himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “My soldiers and I have fought … my soldier and I have taken”
48512:28ue9drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheif I take0Here Joab speaks of himself when he is actually referring to himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “if my soldiers and I take”
48612:28ej7urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomcamp against0This means to surround and attack. Alternate translation: “besiege” or “surround”
48712:28zt5krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphortake it … take the city0“Taking” a place or landmark means to take control of it. Alternate translation: “take control of it … take control of the city”
48812:28gj9rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveit will be named0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will name it”
48912:29z74src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehe fought0Here the author speaks of David when he is actually referring to David and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers fought”
49012:30n7vbrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweighta talent0This may be written in modern weights. Alternate translation: “about 33 kilograms”
49112:30t9ema precious stone0a rare gemstone such as a diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, or opal
49212:30nw9jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe crown was placed on Davids own head0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They placed the crown on Davids own head”
49312:30wz14rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhe brought out0Here the author speaks of David when he is actually referring to Davids soldiers. Alternate translation: “they brought out”
49412:30g4xlplunder0valuable things taken from a defeated enemy
49512:30nq3ularge quantities0Alternate translation: “large amounts”
49612:31a3vvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyHe brought out the people0David did not bring out the people himself; he commanded his soldiers to bring them out. Alternate translation: “David commanded his soldiers to bring out the people”
49712:31ya1wsaws, iron picks, and axes0These are tools to cut wood or break up the ground.
49812:31tl3ibrick kilns0ovens where bricks are dried and hardened
49912:31ew58rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyall the cities of the people of Ammon0This refers to the people in the cities. Alternate translation: “all the people of the cites of Ammon”
50013:introabcd0# 2 Samuel 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the story about the difficulties and killings in Davids family. Davids sin caused these problems in his family. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Amnon raped Absaloms sister\nAmnon raped Absaloms sister, who was his own half-sister. David did nothing to punish him and Davids lack of action caused significant problems in his family and in Israel. This eventually caused Solomon to become king, even though he was not the oldest son.
50113:1e2tirc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-neweventIt came about after this0“It happened after this.” This phrase is used to introduce a new event to the story line.
50213:1tup1half-sister0Amnon and Tamar shared the same father but not the same mother.
50313:1fj5kfull sister0Absalom and Tamar shared the same father and mother.
50413:2fmq1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitAmnon was so frustrated that he became sick because of his sister Tamar0Amnon was frustrated because he desired to sleep with his sister Tamar. Alternate translation: “Amnon was so frustrated with desire for his sister Tamar that he felt sick”
50513:3rz6prc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesJonadab son of Shimeah, Davids brother0These are the names of men. Shimeah was Davids brother.
50613:3knc5shrewd0crafty or deceptive
50713:4qef9depressed0in an emotional state of extreme unhappiness
50813:4s99urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisWill you not tell me?0It is understood that he is asking him about his depression, which can be stated clearly. Also, this rhetorical question is a request for Jehonadab to tell him why he is depressed. It may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Will you not tell me why you are depressed?” or “Please, tell me why you are depressed.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
50913:5qen4Jonadab0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 13:3](../13/03.md).
51013:5xjs4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomeat it from her hand0This is probably a request for her to serve food to him personally. He probably did not want her to put the food in his mouth. Alternate translation: “have her serve it to me herself”
51113:6tsl3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomI may eat from her hand0This is probably a request for her to serve food to him personally. He probably did not expect her to put the food in his mouth. Alternate translation: “she may serve it to me to eat”
51213:6n1c2pretended to be sick0This means he gave a false appearance of being ill.
51313:6a3i8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfor my sickness in front of me0The food is not for his sickness, but rather it is for him, because he is sick. The phrase “in front of me” is a request for Tamar to prepare the food in his presence. Alternate translation: “in front of me because I am sick”
51413:7we8hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyDavid sent word0This means that he sent a messenger to speak to Tamar. Alternate translation: “David sent a messenger”
51513:8k69tdough0a thick mixture of flour and liquid used for baking
51613:8di8skneaded0used her hands to mix the dough
51713:8l12vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomin his sight0This means that Tamar made the bread in front of him. Alternate translation: “in front of him” or “in his presence”
51813:9cwh1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomSo everyone went out from him0To “go out from someone” means to leave them. Alternate translation: “So everyone left him”
51913:10y3b4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthat I may eat from your hand0This is a request for Tamar to serve the food to him personally. Alternate translation: “and serve it to me”
52013:11c79frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismlie with me0This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “have sexual relations with me”
52113:12rly8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisdo not force me0She is referring to having sexual relations with him. Alternate translation: “do not force me to have sexual relations with you”
52213:12fd8tappalling0very shameful
52313:13j8jbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionHow could I be rid of my shame?0Tamar asks this rhetorical question to emphasize how much shame she would have if she slept with him. Tamar speaks of getting rid of her shame as if it were an enemy or a tormentor that she needed to escape from. Alternate translation: “If you do this, I would have to endure shame everywhere I go” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
52413:14ras3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismhe lay with her0This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he had sexual relations with her”
52513:16zc24rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsBecause this great evil of making me leave is even worse0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **this great evil**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “It would be very evil to make me leave! It would be even worse”
52613:17au8lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitbolt the door after her0This means to lock the door so that she will not be able to come back in again. Alternate translation: “lock the door so that she cannot come back in”
52713:18c6terc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitbolted the door after her0This means to lock the door so that she will not be able to come back in again. Alternate translation: “locked the door so that she could not go back in”
52813:19i3wtrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionput ashes on her head and tore her robe. She put her hands on her head0These are acts of mourning and grief in the Israelite culture. Alternate translation: “put ashes on her head and tore her robe to show that she was very sad. Then to show her grief, she put her hands on her head”
52913:20w3wprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismHas Amnon your brother been with you?0This is a polite way to ask is Amnon has had sexual relations with her. Alternate translation: “Has Amnon your brother slept with you?”
53013:20ffu3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomkeep quiet0This means to not tell anyone about something. Alternate translation: “do not tell anyone about this”
53113:20ce3arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomDo not take this thing to heart0The phrase “take something to heart” means “to worry about it.” Alternate translation: “Do not worry about what has happened”
53213:20m1azSo Tamar remained alone0This means that she did not marry.
53313:22j3lisaid nothing0Alternate translation: “did not speak”
53413:23q5hhrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-neweventIt came about after two full years0This explains that two whole years has passed and introduces the next event in the story line. The phrase “full years” means that they are complete years.
53513:23qef5shearers0These are people who cut the wool from sheep.
53613:23am6lrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBaal Hazor0This is the name of a place.
53713:24e8mlLook now0This is a phrase used to draw someones attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
53813:24wmj8your servant0Absalom is calling himself “your servant” to show respect.
53913:24uq3xhas sheep shearers0It was customary for people in Israel to have a party after they had sheared their sheep.
54013:24tav8may the king0Although he is talking to his father the king, he calls him “the king” instead of “you” to show respect for him.
54113:26b7e9please let my brother Amnon go with us0The oldest son could often represent his father in Israelite culture. Amnon was Davids oldest son.
54213:26ep6fWhy should Amnon go with you?0David knew that Amnon was not Absaloms friend.
54313:27kd8krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorAbsalom pressed David0Here the author speaks of Absalom urging David to let Amnon come as if he were putting physical pressure on him. Alternate translation: “Absalom begged David for Amnon to come”
54413:27w3csrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheall the kings sons0This does not include Absalom and Amnon who is dead. It includes the rest of the sons that the king allowed to go to the celebration. Alternate translation: “the rest of the kings sons”
54513:28yfb3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitDo not be afraid0This implies that they do not need to be afraid of the consequences for killing Amnon. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid that you will be blamed for killing the kings son”
54613:28ev94rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionHave I not commanded you?0Absalom asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that he will be blamed for killing Amnon because he is commanding them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have commanded you to do this.” or “I will be the one guilty for killing him because I have commanded you to do this.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
54713:28fa5urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisnot commanded you0What Absalom has commanded them to do may be stated in the question. Alternate translation: “not commanded you to kill him”
54813:29jr7qevery man0This refers to the kings sons who left the celebration.
54913:30jr55rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-neweventSo it came about0“It happened that.” This phrase is used here to introduce the next event in the story line.
55013:30x2s3on the road0Alternate translation: “travelling along the road”
55113:30hpn8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythat the news came to David saying0Here it says that the news came, when really someone came and told David the news. Alternate translation: “that someone came and reported the news to David saying”
55213:31l6awThen the king arose0Alternate translation: “Then the king stood up”
55313:31a8qprc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactiontore his clothes, and lay on the floor0He did these things to show that he was extremely sad. Alternate translation: “tore his clothes, and threw himself on the floor grieving”
55413:31a62grc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionwith their clothes torn0They did this to show their sadness and to mourn with their king. Alternate translation: “and tore their clothes, mourning with the king”
55513:32a6viJonadab … Shimeah0See how you translated these mens names in [2 Samuel 13:3](../13/03.md).
55613:32dsh2Let not my master believe0Alternate translation: “My master, do not believe”
55713:32ev3emy master0Jonadab calls David “my master” to show respect.
55813:32a8f7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismAmnon violated his sister0This is a polite way of saying that Amnon raped his sister.
55913:33qjg1let not my master the king0Alternate translation: “my master the king, do not”
56013:33cf2yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomtake this report to heart0The phrase “take something to heart” means “to worry about it.” Alternate translation: “worry about this report”
56113:34rh5brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomkeeping watch0This means that the servant was watching for enemies while guarding at the city wall. Alternate translation: “who was guarding” or “who was guarding at the city wall”
56213:34j8larc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorraised his eyes0Here the servant looking up at something is spoken of as if he lifted up his eyes. Alternate translation: “looked up”
56313:36r5i8rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-neweventSo it came about0This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line.
56413:36r9gzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorraised their voices0Here the sons crying out is spoken of as if their voices were something they lifted into the sky. Alternate translation: “cried out”
56513:37dqp1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesTalmai … Ammihud0These are the names of men.
56613:37wxs3for his son0Alternate translation: “for his son Amnon”
56713:38pbz9where he was for three years0Alternate translation: “where he stayed for three years”
56813:39ky6urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheThe mind of King David longed0Here David is referred to by his mind to emphasize his thoughts. Alternate translation: “King David longed”
56913:39t9kbfor he was comforted concerning Amnon and his death0“because he was no longer grieving about Amnon being dead.” This refers to three years after Absalom fled to Geshur.
57014:introabce0# 2 Samuel 14 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Reconciliation\n\nDavid missed his son, Absalom, who was in exile. Joab summons a wise woman to reconcile David and Absalom. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]])\n\n## Important figures of speech used in this chapter\n\n### Parable\n\nThe wise woman uses a type of parable to convince David that his actions were wrong. He treated a stranger worse than he treated his own son. This hypothetical situation was intended to convict David of his sin. She uses Davids own words against him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
57114:1c5gzNow0This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells about a new person in the story.
57214:1zlp2Zeruiah0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md).
57314:1nt9eperceived0This means Joab discerned or understood what David was thinking.
57414:2g3b4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymysent word to Tekoa and had a wise woman brought0This means that Joab sent someone with a message to Tekoa and had him bring back a woman to him. This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “sent someone with a message to Tokoa and had him bring a wise woman back” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
57514:2t4f8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesTekoa0This is the name of a place.
57614:2rm87rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe dead0This refers to someone who has died, not dead people in general. Alternate translation: “someone who has died”
57714:4an12rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionshe lay facedown on the ground0She did this to show her respect and submission to the king. Alternate translation: “she showed her respect to the king by laying facedown on the ground”
57814:6ij2wOne struck the other0Alternate translation: “One of my sons hit the other son with something”
57914:7jb47the whole clan0Alternate translation: “my entire family”
58014:7aq9yyour servant0To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as “your servant.”
58114:7fj59rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomput him to death0This is an idiom which means to kill. Alternate translation: “kill him”
58214:7hhk3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthey would also destroy the heir0If they put the guilty brother to death there would not be a son left to inherit the familys possessions. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “if they did this, they would be destroying our familys heir”
58314:7vfb2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThus they will put out the burning coal that I have left0Here the woman refers to her only living son as if he were a burning piece of coal. She speaks of the men killing her son as stopping the coals burning. Alternate translation: “In this way they will kill the only child I have left”
58414:7vk75rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegativesthey will leave for my husband neither name nor descendant0This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “they will not leave for my husband name or descendant”
58514:7jl3jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyneither name nor descendant0This refers to a son to carry on the familys name into the next generation. Alternate translation: “no son to preserve our familys name”
58614:7xe94on the surface of the earth0“on the earth.” This descriptive phrase emphasizes that the family line would not continue on earth after the husband died. “The surface of the earth” refers to the ground on which people walk.
58714:8w2wrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveI will command something to be done for you0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will take care of this matter for you”
58814:9sev7Tekoa0Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 14:2](../14/02.md).
58914:9gz85rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitmay the guilt be on me and on my fathers family0This means that if people say that the king was wrong for helping the womans family that the king should not be guilty. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “if anyone blames you for helping our family, may my family be considered guilty instead”
59014:9e186rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe king and his throne0Here the word “throne” refers to anyone who later becomes king in Davids place. Alternate translation: “The king and his descendants” or “The king and his family”
59114:9uik4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitare guiltless0“are innocent.” This implies that in the future if anyone accuses the king of wrongdoing, he will be innocent in the matter. Alternate translation: “will be innocent regarding the matter”
59214:10fz7hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochesays anything to you0Here speaking threats is spoken of as speaking in general. Alternate translation: “threatens you” or “speaks threats to you”
59314:10pq9jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe will not touch you anymore0Here David speaks of a person not threatening or hurting her, by saying that the person would not touch her. It is implied that David will not allow the person threatening her to bother her again. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “I will make sure he does not threaten you again” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
59414:11jfs2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomPlease, may the king call to mind Yahweh your God0This could mean: (1) The phrase “call to mind” is an idiom meaning to pray. Alternate translation: “Please, pray to Yahweh your God” or (2) Here “call to mind” means to remember and it is implied that after he remembers Yahweh he will promise in his name. Alternate translation: “Please promise in the name of Yahweh your God” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
59514:11xm1urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe avenger of blood0This refers to the man who wants to avenge the death of the dead brother. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the man who wants to avenge my sons brothers death”
59614:11ez62destroy anyone further0“cause anyone else to die.” This is in addition to the brother who already died.
59714:11yv76that they will not destroy my son0Alternate translation: “that they will not kill my son” or “that they will not execute my son”
59814:11vgi3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileAs Yahweh lives0Often people would make promises and compare how surely they would fulfil their promise to how surely Yahweh is alive. Alternate translation: “I promise you, as surely as Yahweh lives” or “In Yahwehs name I promise” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
59914:11d9l6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbolenot one hair of your son will fall to the ground0The means that her son will not be harmed, which is exaggerated by saying that he will not lose even a single hair. Alternate translation: “your son will be completely safe”
60014:12l1s3your servant0To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as “your servant.”
60114:12hy2espeak a further word to0“talk about something else to.” The woman is requesting to speak to the king about another topic.
60214:12mw9src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomSpeak on0This is an idiom. The king was giving her permission to continue speaking. Alternate translation: “You may speak to me”
60314:13ia2lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy then have you devised such a thing against the people of God?0The woman asks this rhetorical question to rebuke David for how he has treated Absalom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have just said proved that you did wrong.”
60414:13t35uthe king is like someone who is guilty0The woman compares the king to someone who is guilty to suggest that he is guilty without saying it directly. Alternate translation: “the king has declared himself guilty”
60514:13f3cihis banished son0Alternate translation: “his son whom he banished”
60614:14ll3prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileFor we all must die, and we are like water spilled on the ground … up again0Here the woman speaks of a person dying as if they were water being spilled on the ground. Alternate translation: “We all must die, and after we die we cannot be brought back to life again”
60714:14f5lfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitGod … finds a way for those who were driven away to be restored0The woman is implying that David should bring his son back to himself. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “God brings back someone whom he has driven away and you should do the same for your son”
60814:15hm99rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisbecause the people have made me afraid0The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “because the people have made me afraid that I have come”
60914:15nkn7your servant0To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as “your servant”
61014:16x4utrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfrom the hand of the man0This phrase is an idiom. Also, “the hand” is a metonym referring to the mans control. Alternate translation: “out of the control of the man”
61114:17pn2sthe word of my master the king0Alternate translation: “the message of my master the king”
61214:17nm7grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similefor as an angel of God, so is my master … from evil0Here David, the king, is compared to an “angel of God.” Alternate translation: “for the king is like an angel of God because they both know how to tell good from evil”
61314:18u2d4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesPlease do not hide from me anything that I will ask you0The negative form here is used for emphasis and can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “Please tell me the truth about everything I ask you”
61414:19p42hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyIs not the hand of Joab with you in all this0Here the word “hand” refers to Joabs influence. Alternate translation: “Has not Joab influenced you in all this” or “Did Joab send you here to speak these things”
61514:19uz25rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomAs you live0“As surely as you are alive.” Here the woman compares the certainty of what David has said to the certainty that he is alive, to emphasize how true his statement is.
61614:19q69grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorno one can escape to the right hand … the king has spoken0Here the woman describes the difficulty of speaking to the king and keeping him from finding out the truth by comparing it to a person not being about to escape in any direction. Alternate translation: “no one can keep you from knowing the truth”
61714:19vyl1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merismto the right hand or to the left0The expression gives two extremes and means “anywhere.” Alternate translation: “anywhere at all” or “anywhere”
61814:20yvt6My master is wise0Alternate translation: “My master the king is wise”
61914:20j2lmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileis wise, like the wisdom of an angel of God0The woman compares Davids wisdom to the wisdom of an angel to emphasize how very wise he is. Alternate translation: “you are very wise, like an angel of God”
62014:21n8azrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitSo the king said to Joab0It is implied that the king had Joab brought before him so that he could speak to him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Then the king summoned Joab and said to him”
62114:21g87yLook now0This phrase is used to draw someones attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
62214:21r58jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthis thing0This refers to what Joab wants the king to do. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “what you want me to do”
62314:22n6a2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionJoab lay facedown on the ground0Joab did this to honor the king and show his gratitude.
62414:22qd1byour servant0To show respect for the king Joab refers to himself as “your servant.”
62514:22f6n4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomI have found favor in your eyes0The phrase “found favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, “eyes” is a metonym for sight, and sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “you are pleased with me” or “you have approved of me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
62614:22x4g1in that the king0Alternate translation: “because the king”
62714:22gl13the king has performed the request of his servant0Alternate translation: “you have done what I asked you to do”
62814:24i98krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochebut he may not see my face … the kings face0Here the word “face” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “but he may not see me … the king”
62914:25u9cdrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundNow0This word marks a break in the main story line. This new section gives background information for the part of the story that follows.
63014:25fb8brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethere was no one praised for his handsomeness more than Absalom0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people praised Absalom for his handsomeness more than they praised anyone else”
63114:25m4bkhandsomeness0good and pleasing appearance, especially of the face
63214:25tiv6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merismFrom the sole of his foot to the top of his head there was no blemish in him0This means the whole person was without blemish. Alternate translation: “There were no blemishes on any part of his body”
63314:26j4bdrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweighttwo hundred shekels0This can be written in modern units. Alternate translation: “two and a half kilograms”
63414:26a94ithe weight of the kings standard0The king had weights that determined the standard weight of the shekel and other weights and measurements.
63514:27raf5To Absalom were born three sons and one daughter0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Absalom had three sons and one daughter”
63614:28p8nrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethe kings face0Here “the kings face” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “the king”
63714:29nwh8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyAbsalom sent word for Joab0Here “word” is a metonym for “a message.” This means that he sent a messenger to Joab with a request. Alternate translation: “Absalom sent a messenger to Joab asking him”
63814:29km4zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitto send him to the king0It is implied that Absalom wanted Joab to come to him to see him and to intercede for him so that he would be allowed to see the king. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “to come to him and to intercede for him so that he could see the king”
63914:29f1c7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymySo Absalom sent word a second time0Here “word” is a metonym for “a message.” This means that he sent a messenger to Joab again with the same request. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “So Absalom sent a messenger to Joab again with the same request” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
64014:30g6ktSee0Here this word is used to remind people of something. Alternate translation: “As you know”
64114:32wb3rLook0Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
64214:32cr53rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyI sent word0Here “word” is a metonym for “a message.” This means that he sent a messenger. Alternate translation: “I sent a messenger”
64314:32ay13rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitto the king to say0The message here for the king is written as if Absalom were the speaker. Absalom was asking Joab to speak the message on his behalf. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “to say to the king on my behalf” or “to ask the king for me”
64414:32ehw7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethe kings face0Here “kings face” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “the king”
64514:33xix9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionbowed low to the ground before the king0Absalom is showing respect to the king. Alternate translation: “bowed low to the ground to honor the king”
64614:33lr12rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe king kissed Absalom0This implies that the king forgave and restored Absalom. The full meaning of this can be made clear. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
64715:introabcf0# 2 Samuel 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the story of Absaloms attempted revolt.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Absaloms conspiracy\nFor four years, Absalom made many allies in an attempt to make himself king. This is why he acted as a judge for the people. Since this was all done in secret, it is called a “conspiracy.” David found out and fled with those in the army who were loyal to him.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nThe author used the metaphor of a thief to describe how Absalom was able to win peoples loyalty: “So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
64815:1m44brc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-neweventIt came about0This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line.
64915:1a4qhrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionwith fifty men to run before him0These men would run in front of the chariot to honor Absalom. Alternate translation: “with fifty men to run before him to honor him”
65015:2f1j6Your servant0When a man would respond to Absaloms question he would refer to himself as “your servant” to honor Absalom.
65115:3cl8urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitSo Absalom would say to him0It is implied that the person told his case to Absalom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Absalom would ask him what his problem was, and the man would then explain to Absalom why he sought justice. Absalom would then say to him”
65215:3yts5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletgood and right0These words have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that his case is good.
65315:3d3e6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyto hear your case0“Hearing” a case means to listen to it and to make a judgement decision over it. Alternate translation: “to judge your case” or “to oversee your case”
65415:5n3n6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionput out his hand and take hold of him and kiss him0This action is a friendly greeting. Alternate translation: “greet him as a friend by embracing him and kissing him”
65515:6ty61rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitfor judgment0This means that they can for the king to decide their disputes. Alternate translation: “to judge over their disputes”
65615:6xc8jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorSo Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel0This sentence means Absalom convinced the men to be loyal to him rather than to David. Here the author speaks of how the people became loyal to Absalom by saying that he stole their hearts. Alternate translation: “In this way, Absalom convinced the men of Israel to be loyal to him”
65715:7k1jurc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-neweventIt came about0This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line.
65815:7u4brrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitat the end of four years that Absalom0This refers to four years after he returned to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “fours years after Absalom had returned to Jerusalem, he”
65915:7z9fcand pay a vow that I have made to Yahweh in Hebron0Alternate translation: “to Hebron and there fulfill a vow that I have made to Yahweh”
66015:8x8c1For your servant0Here Absalom refers to himself this way to honor the king.
66115:9z24jSo Absalom arose0Alternate translation: “So Absalom left”
66215:10k6i1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythroughout all the tribes of Israel0Here the places where the tribes of Israel lived are referred to as the tribes themselves. Alternate translation: “throughout the land of the tribes of Israel”
66315:10yb9lthe sound of the trumpet0Alternate translation: “a trumpet being blown”
66415:11y3hmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewho were invited0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who he had invited”
66515:11j5tywent in their innocence0Alternate translation: “went innocently”
66615:12p6pxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhe sent for Ahithophel0This means that he sent a messenger to go get Ahithophel and bring him back to him. Alternate translation: “he sent a messenger to go get Ahithophel who was”
66715:12b237rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAhithophel0This is the name of a man.
66815:12v7wxrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGiloh0This is the name of a place.
66915:13wjk4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheThe hearts of the men of Israel are following after0Here the men are referred to by their “hearts” to emphasize their loyalty to Absalom. Alternate translation: “The men of Israel are loyal to” or “The men of Israel are following after”
67015:14brg3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheescape from Absalom … he will quickly … and he will bring0Here David speaks of Absalom and the men with him as “Absalom” himself because the men are following Absaloms authority. Alternate translation: “escape from Absalom and his men … he and his men will quickly … and they will bring”
67115:14t8ehrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyattack the city with the edge of the sword0The “city” is a metonym referring to the people in the city. The “edge of the sword” is a synecdoche referring to the Israelites swords and emphasize that they killed the people in battle. Alternate translation: “will attack the people of our city and kill them with their swords” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
67215:14s5ikrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiombring down disaster0This means to cause disaster to happen.
67315:16hpv6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomto keep the palace0Here the word “keep” means to care for. Alternate translation: “to care for the palace”
67415:17cv7prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitat the last house0This refers to the last house they would come to when leaving the city. Alternate translation: “at the last house as they were leaving the city”
67515:18hx7pKerethites … Pelethites0Translate the names of these people groups the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md).
67615:18vht5Gittites0Translate the name of this people group the same as you did in [2 Samuel 6:10](../06/10.md).
67715:18tp2arc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberssix hundred men0“600 men”
67815:19u5p9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesIttai0This is the name of a man.
67915:19n5dhGittite0Translate the name of this people group the same as you did in [2 Samuel 6:10](../06/10.md).
68015:19k4yprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy will you come with us?0This rhetorical question indicates that the king does not think they should go along with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to go with us.”
68115:20dw1lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionwhy should I make you wander all over with us?0This rhetorical question emphasizes David did not want Ittai to come. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to cause you to wander around with us.”
68215:20wfd5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleSince you just left yesterday0Here “yesterday” is an exaggeration that emphasizes a short amount of time. Ittai the Gittite had lived there for several years. Alternate translation: “Since you have lived here only a short time”
68315:20e3e8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitMay loyalty and faithfulness go with you0This is a blessing that David is giving to him. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh be faithful and loyal to you always”
68415:21m7shrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileAs Yahweh lives, and as my master the king lives0Here the speaker is making a solemn promise. He compare the certainty the he will fulfill his promise to the certainty that Yahweh and the king are alive. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that as surely as Yahweh and the king live”
68515:21q3e6your servant0Ittai refers to himself this way to honor the king.
68615:21u8i6whether that means living or dying0Alternate translation: “even if I get killed supporting you”
68715:23y8brrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleAll the country wept with a loud voice0Many of the people of Israel wept loudly when they saw the king leaving. Here this is generalized by saying that the whole country wept. Alternate translation: “All the people along the road wept” or “Many of the people wept”
68815:23cpg7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwith a loud voice0Here the many people who were weeping are spoken of as if they shared one loud voice. Alternate translation: “loudly”
68915:23qn5prc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesKidron Valley0This is the name of a place near Jerusalem.
69015:25x2mvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyI find favor in the eyes of Yahweh0Here the “eyes of Yahweh” refer to Yahwehs thoughts and opinion. If you “find favor” with someone it means that they are pleased with you. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is pleased with me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
69115:25cm5crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywhere he lives0“where his presence is.” The ark of the covenant symbolizes Yahwehs presence. This refers to the place where the ark is. Alternate translation: “where it is kept”
69215:27w3iirc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAhimaaz0This is the name of a man.
69315:27k6y6Abiathar0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 8:17](../08/17.md).
69415:27sn4src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionAre you not a seer?0This rhetorical question is used to rebuke Zadok and can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will be able to find out what is happening.”
69515:28nvl5See0Here this word means for the listener to pay attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
69615:28a6gqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyuntil word comes from you0This refers to him sending a messenger to the king. Alternate translation: “until you send a messenger to me to inform me”
69715:28g6m3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitto inform me0Here the king implies he is to receive a message informing him about what is happening in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “to tell me what is happening in Jerusalem”
69815:30m59tbarefoot0wearing no shoes or sandals
69915:30hz16rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionhis head covered0This is a sign of mourning and shame. Alternate translation: “his head covered in mourning”
70015:31e31rAhithophel0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 15:11](../15/11.md).
70115:31a24nconspirators0people who join together against someone else
70215:31e4prrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitplease turn Ahithophels advice into foolishness0David is asking Yahweh to make Ahitohphels advice foolish and useless. Alternate translation: “please let whatever advice Ahithophel gives be foolishness and unsuccessful”
70315:32lr8grc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-neweventIt came about0“It happened.” This phrase marks the next event in the story line.
70415:32q4perc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitat the top of the road0The word “top” is used here because David went up in elevation and is at the top of a hill. Alternate translation: “at the top of the hill”
70515:32kgp7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewhere God used to be worshiped0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “where people once worshiped God”
70615:32bxf8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHushai0This is the name of a man.
70715:32fmi7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesArkite0This is the name of a people group.
70815:32jt8src://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionwith his coat torn and earth on his head0This is an act showing shame or repentance. Here the word “earth” means dirt. Alternate translation: “He had torn his clothes and put dirt on his head to show that he was very sad” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
70915:34xy6grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicityou will confuse Ahithophels advice for me0David is suggest to Hushai that he oppose whatever Ahithopel advises. Alternate translation: “you can serve me by opposing Ahithophels advice”
71015:35fr9erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWill you not have the priests Zadok and Abiathar with you?0David asks this rhetorical question to tell Hushai that he will not be alone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Zadok and Abiathar the priests will be there to help you.”
71115:35rkm7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbolewhatever you hear0This is a generalization. It means all of the important and insightful things that he hears, not every single word he hears.
71215:36yg9drc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAhimaaz … Jonathan0These are the names of men.
71315:36z36krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheby their hand0The phrase “their hand” refers to the sons and means that they were to serve as messengers. Alternate translation: “their sons to tell me”
71416:introabcg0# 2 Samuel 16 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Absalom seeks advice from Davids advisers\nDavids best adviser, Ahithophel, told Absalom to publicly seduce the concubines that David had left to take care of the palace. Because the concubines were the kings property, having sexual relations with a kings concubines implied that Absalom was now the king. This would show the people that the break with David was complete. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Simile\n\nTo show how seriously people took Ahithophels advice, the author used a [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] comparing his advice to Gods advice. “Now the advice of Ahithophel that he gave in those days was as if a man heard from the mouth of God himself.”
71516:1uv2hrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesZiba0This is a mans name.
71616:1rzt4Mephibosheth0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
71716:1eex7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberstwo hundred loaves … one hundred clusters … one hundred bunches0“200 loaves … 100 clusters … 100 bunches”
71816:1md5nloaves of bread0Alternate translation: “cakes of bread”
71916:1sje6clusters of raisins … bunches of figs0These phrases refer to raisins or figs pressed together.
72016:1ibp3raisins0dried grapes
72116:1x3jpa skin of wine0Alternate translation: “a wineskin full of wine”
72216:2j2cpfaint0tired and weak
72316:3h7rzyour masters grandson0Alternate translation: “Mephibosheth, your masters grandson”
72416:3bdv9grandson0the son of ones son or daughter
72516:3x26uLook0Here this word is used to draw someones attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
72616:3b9kvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhouse of Israel0This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel”
72716:3fvn6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwill restore my fathers kingdom to me0Having a descendant of Saul being allowed to rule is spoken of as the kingdom being restored to their family. Alternate translation: “will allow me to rule the kingdom that my grandfather ruled”
72816:4h3dfMephibosheth0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
72916:4cvm5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI bow in humility to you0Ziba is not literally bowing before the king when he is speaking here. This means that he will serve the king with the same amount of humility he would be showing if he were literally bowing before him. Alternate translation: “I will humbly serve you”
73016:4ewk1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomLet me find favor in your eyes0The phrase “find favor” means to be approved of by someone. Also, “eyes” is a metonym for sight, and sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “I want you to be pleased with me” or “I desire you for to be pleased with me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
73116:5q8fiBahurim0Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [2 Samuel 3:16](../03/16.md).
73216:5y6uzrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesShimei … Gera0These are the names of men.
73316:6j39lin spite of0Alternate translation: “even though there was”
73416:6nmf8bodyguards0These are men who protect an important person.
73516:7tj6avillain0someone who is evil, a criminal or lawbreaker
73616:7h2c4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyman of blood0Here “blood” refers to all of men he was responsible for killing in battle. Alternate translation: “murderer”
73716:8ju1yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitYahweh has repaid0Yahweh repays them by punishing them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has punished”
73816:8cvt3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfor the blood you shed within the family of Saul0Here “blood” refer to people who were killed from Sauls family. The king was responsible for them dying. Alternate translation: “for killing many of Sauls family”
73916:8mve3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitin whose place you have reigned0David reigned as king over the same people whom Saul had previously reigned. Alternate translation: “in whose place you have reigned as king”
74016:8uqf8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyinto the hand of Absalom0Here “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “into the control of Absalom”
74116:9wg1jrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAbishai0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md).
74216:9jz4rrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesZeruiah0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md).
74316:9b6wqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy should this dead dog curse my master the king?0Abishai asked this question to express his anger at the man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “This dead dog must not speak to the king this way.”
74416:9p79krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthis dead dog0Here the man is being described as worthless by being compared to a dead dog. Alternate translation: “this worthless man”
74516:10i1pmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhat have I to do with you, sons of Zeruiah?0This rhetorical question is asked to correct the sons of Zeruiah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to know what you think!”
74616:10wrg4Perhaps he is cursing me because0Alternate translation: “He may be cursing me because”
74716:10g4rxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWho then could say to him, Why are you cursing the king?0This is said as a rhetorical question to emphasize that the answer is “no one.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one then can ask him, Why are you cursing the king?’”
74816:11y6itrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitmy son, who was born from my body0David describes his son this way to emphasize the close bond between a father and his son. Alternate translation: “my own son” or “my dear son”
74916:11l8bjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismwants to take my life0This is a polite way to refer to killing someone. Alternate translation: “wants to kill me”
75016:11znl2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionHow much more may this Benjamite now desire my ruin?0David uses this rhetorical question to express that he is not surprised that the man wants to kill him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Of course this Benjamite desires my ruin!” or “I am not surprised this Benjamite desires my ruin as well!”
75116:11t9ufrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphordesire my ruin0Here David describes the mans desire to kill him as if David were something that the man wanted to ruin. Alternate translation: “desire me to be killed” or “desire to kill me”
75216:11tb7grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomLeave him alone and let him curse0Here the phrase “leave him alone” means to not stop him from what he is doing. Alternate translation: “Do not stop him from cursing me”
75316:12xk9rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwill look at0Here “looking” means “considering.” Alternate translation: “will consider”
75416:12smf2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationthe misery unleashed on me0Here David speaks of misery as if it were a dangerous animal that the Benjamite unleashed on him.
75516:13h7jkShimei went beside him up on the hillside0Shimei was walking parallel to David and his men, though Shimei was up higher on the hillside.
75616:15l6bcrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAhithophel0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md).
75716:16p1gqrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHushai0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md).
75816:16d97zrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-neweventIt came about0“It happened that.” This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line.
75916:16gp9vrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesArkite0See how you translated the name of this people group in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md).
76016:17x1alloyalty0a strong feeling of support and love
76116:17b4ydrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionIs this your loyalty to your friend? Why did you not go with him?0These rhetorical questions are asked to criticize Hushai. They can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have been a loyal friend to David; you should have gone with him.”
76216:18t8c4the one whom Yahweh0Hushai is referring to Absalom.
76316:18k7hrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personthe one whom … that is the man … with him0Here Hushai is referring to Absalom in the third person to take emphasize off of him and place it on Yahweh and the people who chose him. This can be written in second person. Alternate translation: “you are the one whom … you are the man … with you”
76416:19hq49rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionwhat man should I serve? Should I not serve in the presence of his son?0Hushai asks these rhetorical questions to emphasize that he wants to serve Absalom. They can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I should serve only Davids son, so I will serve in his presence.” or “I should serve you, for you are Davids son.”
76516:20f7w3rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAhithophel0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md).
76616:21d7c8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismGo into your fathers slave wives0This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Have sexual relations with your fathers slave wives”
76716:21sm7vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomto keep the palace0The phrase “to keep” means to take care of. Alternate translation: “to take care of the palace”
76816:21jx59rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorbecome a stench to your father0Ahithophel speaks of Absalom offending his father as if he would become something that had a strong and offensive odor. Alternate translation: “become offensive to your father” or “greatly insulted father”
76916:21bu9jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheThen the hands of all who are with you will be strong0Here the people who followed Absalom are referred to by their hands. The news will strengthen the peoples loyalty to Absalom and encourage them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The news of this will strengthen the loyalty of all who follow you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
77016:22cj6nthey spread0Alternate translation: “they set up”
77116:22gx92rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismAbsalom went in to his fathers slave wives0This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Absalom had sexual relations with his fathers slave wives”
77216:22v3ikrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbolein the sight of all Israel0This means that people were able to see the tent and Absalom walking in and out of the tent with the women. The phrase “all of Israel” is a generalization, for only people near the palace could see it. Alternate translation: “where the Israelites could see him go into the tent”
77316:23k3y9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileNow the advice of Ahithophel … was as if a man heard0Here the author compare how much people trusted Ahithophels advice with how much they would trust advice directly from God. Alternate translation: “Now people trusted the advice of Ahithophel in those days in the same way they would have trusted it if had come”
77416:23qt97rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheas if a man heard from the mouth of God himself0Here Gods mouth represents himself and emphasizes his speech. Alternate translation: “as if God had said it with his own mouth” or “as if a man heard it spoken by God himself” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
77516:23jqr6all of Ahithophels advice was viewed by both David and Absalom0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “both David and Absalom viewed all of Ahithophels advice”
77616:23p2g1was viewed0Alternate translation: “was thought of”
77717:introabch0# 2 Samuel 17 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Confusion\n\nAhithophel gives good advise to Absalom, but Hushai confuses Absalom. God is using the misleading advice to protect David, his king.
77817:1jz1qrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAhithophel0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md).
77917:1y3klrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberstwelve thousand men0“12,000 men”
78017:1xpm7arise and0Alternate translation: “begin to”
78117:2p8recome on0Alternate translation: “come to”
78217:2ukx7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletweary and weak0These words mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize how weak David was. Alternate translation: “weak”
78317:2si3krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounswill surprise him with fear0Here the word “fear” can be expressed with the adjective “afraid.” Alternate translation: “will surprise him and make him afraid”
78417:2txi8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitI will attack only the king0It is implied that he intends to kill the king. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will kill only the king”
78517:3b53brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitbring back all the people0This refers to all of the people who were with David. Alternate translation: “bring back all of the people who were with him”
78617:3b385rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similelike a bride coming to her husband0Here Ahithophel speaks of the peoples happiness by comparing it to a brides happiness. Alternate translation: “and they will come happily, like a bride is happy when she comes to her husband” or “and they will come happily”
78717:3fwq6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiombe at peace0This means to have peace or to live peacefully. Alternate translation: “live peacefully”
78817:3d16grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyunder you0This refers to being under the kings authority. Alternate translation: “under your authority”
78917:5b9n4Hushai the Arkite0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md).
79017:6lw7iAhithophel0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md).
79117:8w2furc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similethey are like a bear robbed of her cubs0The anger of the soldiers here is being compared to that of a mother bear who cubs are taken from her. Alternate translation: “they are angry, like a mother bear whose cubs have been take from her” or “they are very angry”
79217:8ytp8a bear0a large furry animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth
79317:8q99grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitis a man of war0This means that his has fought in many battles and knows well the ways of war. Alternate translation: “has fought in many battles”
79417:9vwd2Look0Here this word is used to draw someones attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
79517:9kc65pit0a deep hole in the ground
79617:9v2xprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisor in some other place0This is another place he may be hiding. Alternate translation: “or hidden in some other place”
79717:9d2whrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewhen some of your men have been killed0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when his soldiers kill some of your men”
79817:9f1q8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsA slaughter has taken place among the soldiers who follow Absalom0The noun “slaughter” means an event where many people are brutally killed. This can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “Many of the soldiers who follow Absalom have been slaughtered” or “The enemy soldiers have killed many of the soldiers who follow Absalom”
79917:10g7blrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochewhose hearts are like the heart of a lion0Here the soldiers are refers to by their “hearts.” Also, their strong bravery is compared to that of a lions. Alternate translation: “who are as brave as lions” or “who are very brave” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
80017:11sm9prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethat all Israel should be gathered together to you0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Also, here “all Israel” represents only the Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “that you should gather together all of the Israelite soldiers” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
80117:11jz3grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merismfrom Dan to Beersheba0This phrase means from the northern border of Israel to the southern border. Alternate translation: “from the whole nation of Israel”
80217:11vl1frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleas numerous as the sands that are by the sea0This is an exaggeration where all the grains of sand on a beach are compared to the number of Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “so many that they can barely be counted” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
80317:11lbr4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthat you go to battle in person0The phrase “in person” means to go yourself and not send someone else instead. Alternate translation: “then lead them yourself into battle”
80417:12v92hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomcome on him0This means to purposefully go to where he is and then to attack.
80517:12rys8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similewe will cover him as the dew falls on the ground0Absaloms army is described as covering Davids army like the dew covers the ground in the morning. Alternate translation: “we will overwhelm and completely defeat Davids army”
80617:12k6bmdew0the fog or misty cloud of water that can fall onto the ground during the night, covering the ground and leaving it wet in the morning
80717:12jdy3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesWe will not leave even one of his men … alive0This negative sentence is used for emphasis and can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “We will kill every one of his men”
80817:12dwr7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronounshim himself0Both these words refer to David. Alternate translation: “David himself”
80917:13cez7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethen all Israel0This refers to Israels soldiers, not to all of Israel. Alternate translation: “then all of our soldiers”
81017:13v4rxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwill bring ropes to that city and we will drag it into the river0This means that the soldiers would tear down the city walls and drag the pieces to river. Alternate translation: “will destroy the city and drag the stones to the river with ropes”
81117:13ua57rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleuntil there is no longer even a small stone found there0This is an exaggeration to describe how completely they will destroy the city. The would not literally sweep away every small stone from the city. Alternate translation: “until the city is completely destroyed”
81217:14vg6qHushai the Arkite0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md). Arkite is the name of a people group.
81317:14erd5Ahithophel0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md).
81417:14j39mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsthe rejection of Ahithophels good advice0The word “rejection” can be expressed with the verb “reject.” Alternate translation: “for the men of Israel to reject Ahithophels good advice”
81517:14rwx8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomto bring destruction on Absalom0To “bring” something on someone means to cause it to happen to them. Alternate translation: “to cause a disaster to happen to Absalom”
81617:15pp5prc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesZadok … Abiathar0See how you translated these mens names in [2 Samuel 15:24](../15/24.md).
81717:15f3ghrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomin such and such a way0This phrase, meaning “like this,” refers to what Ahithophel advised Absalom earlier beginning in [2 Samuel 17:1](../17/01.md).
81817:16b624the fords of the Arabah0A ford is a shallow part of a river where people can walk across. The Arabah is the land along both sides of the Jordan River.
81917:16u94nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomby all means0This means to make sure that you do something. Alternate translation: “be sure to” or “make sure that you”
82017:16adt3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe king will be swallowed up0Here the king and his people being killed is describes as if they were “swallowed” by their enemy. Alternate translation: “the king will be killed”
82117:17u8z7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesJonathan … Ahimaaz0See how you translated these mens names in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md).
82217:17q25nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyWhen the message came0Here the “message” is spoken of as coming to them, when really it is the woman who came to then bringing the message. Alternate translation: “When she brought them a message”
82317:17h5derc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesspring of Rogel0This is the name of a place.
82417:18q737this time0Alternate translation: “one time”
82517:18r7rcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitSo Jonathan and Ahimaaz went away0It is implied that they found out that the young man had told Absalom about them being there. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Jonathan and Ahimaaz found out what the young man had done, so they went away”
82617:18t68arc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBahurim0This is the name of a small town.
82717:18fa3mthey descended0Alternate translation: “they lowered themselves and hid”
82817:19j4xbrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesJonathan … Ahimaaz0See how you translated these mens names in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md).
82917:20f1dcthe woman of the house0Alternate translation: “the mans wife”
83017:20n16krc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAhimaaz … Jonathan0See how you translated these mens names in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md).
83117:21kx9mrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-neweventIt came about0“It happened.” This phrase marks the next event in the story line.
83217:21r493rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymycross quickly over the water0Here “the water” refers to the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “cross quickly over the river”
83317:21h17rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhas given such and such advice0The idiom “such and such” is used in the place of information that is already know by the reader. Here it refers to what Ahithophel advised Absalom beginning in [2 Samuel 17:1](../17/01.md). This information can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “has advised that Absalom send him with an army to attack you now” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
83417:22l8skrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesBy morning daylight not one of them had failed to cross over the Jordan0This negative sentence is used to emphasize that they all crossed the river. It can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “By morning daylight every one of them had crossed over the Jordan”
83517:23gix9Ahithophel saw0Alternate translation: “Ahithophel knew” or “Ahithophel realized”
83617:23x22trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivehis advice had not been followed0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Absalom had not followed his advice”
83717:23pmh2saddled his donkey0placed a blanket or small leather seat on the donkey so he could sit on it
83817:23zw5jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomset his affairs in order0He prepared for his death by telling his family what to do after he died. Alternate translation: “he prepared for his death”
83917:23yg9tIn this way0Alternate translation: “And this is how”
84017:23b2warc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewas buried0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him”
84117:24c8zerc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMahanaim0Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 2:8](../02/08.md).
84217:25dur7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAmasa … Joab … Jether … Nahash0These are the names of men. See how you translated Joab and Zeruiah (Joabs mother) in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md).
84317:25v1vlIshmaelite0This word means that the person is descended from Ishmael. Some versions say “Israelite” here. See the footnote. You may want to choose the word that is used in the majority language Bible in your area.
84417:25q7fsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismwho went in to Abigail0This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “who had sexual relations with Abigail”
84517:25yn85rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAbigail … Zeruiah0These are the names of women.
84617:26p8z6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGilead0Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 2:9](../02/09.md).
84717:27a88xrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-neweventIt came about0This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line.
84817:27ya8trc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMahanaim … Rabbah … Lo Debar … Rogelim0These are the names of cities or places.
84917:27sb1arc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesShobi … Nahash … Machir … Ammiel … Barzillai0These are the names of men.
85017:27g662rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAmmonites … Gileadite0These are the names of people groups.
85117:28td28sleeping mats and blankets0A mat is something soft to sleep on, and a blanket is a cloth covering for warmth.
85217:28sk67flour0crushed grain made into powder and used to make bread
85317:28wym6roasted0cooked with dry heat
85417:28epx5beans0seeds that are cooked and eaten
85517:28s9d6lentils0a kind of seed that is cooked and eaten
85617:29vx1dcurds0milk that has soured and become solid
85717:29hpg5thirsty0in need of water or some other drink
85818:introabci0# 2 Samuel 18 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter tells of the defeat and death of Absalom, ending this section on Absaloms rebellion.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Davids mercy\nDavid reorganized his army and sent them out to battle, but told them to be merciful to Absalom. When Davids army defeated Absaloms army, Absalom fled on a mule, but his hair caught in a tree limb and the mule ran on, leaving him hanging. One of Davids soldiers saw him and told Joab. Joab went and killed him. When David heard about this he mourned for his son, Absalom. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])
85918:1y2u4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyDavid counted the soldiers who were with him and appointed0David did not count all of the people himself, rather other men counted them. Alternate translation: “David commanded for the soldiers who were with him to be counted and he appointed” or “David arranged the soldiers who were with him and appointed”
86018:1qt9xrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberscaptains of thousands and captains of hundreds0This could mean: (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. Alternate translation: “captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions”
86118:1pa96captains0A captain is a person who is in authority over a group of soldiers.
86218:2x31qrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fractionone-third … another third0“one-third of the army … another third of the army.” A “third” is one part out of three equal parts.
86318:2lu6krc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAbishai … Zeruiah0See how you translated these mens names in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md).
86418:2xwu2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesIttai0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 15:19](../15/19.md).
86518:2zy14rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGittite0This refers to a person from Gath, which is a Philistine city.
86618:2s8e1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitI will certainly go out with you myself, too0This means that he will go out with them to battle. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I myself will go with you to battle” or “I personally will go with you into battle”
86718:3z3p1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbershalf of us0The word “half” refers to one out of two equal parts.
86818:3cmi5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicityou are worth ten thousand of us0This means that the enemy army considering killing David of greater worth than killing 10,000 of the other men. The number 10,000 here is an exaggeration used to emphasize a very great number of people. Alternate translation: “they would rather kill you than to kill 10,000 of us” or “killing you is worth more to them than killing a great number of us” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
86918:3nx5arc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersten thousand0“10,000”
87018:3r2hdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthat you be ready to help us from the city0David could help them from the city by advising them and sending men to help them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “that you stay here in the city and send help to us”
87118:5idy7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAbishai0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md).
87218:5nnf5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesIttai0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 15:19](../15/19.md).
87318:5jbs6Deal gently for my sake with the young man, with Absalom0“For my sake, do not harm the young man, Absalom.” The phrase “Deal gently” means to be kind to someone and not to harm them.
87418:5s62amy sake0Alternate translation: “my well-being” or “my account”
87518:6ak3crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwent out into the countryside against Israel0This means that they went out and fought against them in battle. Alternate translation: “went out into the countryside and fought against Israel”
87618:6na7erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheagainst Israel0Here “Israel” refers to their soldiers, not all of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “against the Israelite soldiers”
87718:7xa6grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe army of Israel was defeated there before the soldiers of David0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “There the soldiers of David defeated the army of Israel”
87818:7ef2ba great slaughter0an event where many people are brutally killed
87918:7qgp8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberstwenty thousand men0“20,000 men”
88018:8ndw4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationmore men were consumed by the forest than by the sword0Here “the forest” is described as if it were alive and could act. “The sword” refers to Davids soldiers who fought with swords. Alternate translation: “dangerous things in the forest killed more men than Davids soldiers killed with their swords” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
88118:9fye9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitAbsalom happened to meet some of Davids soldiers0This is an event that happened during the battle. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “During the battle, Absalom happened to meet some of Davids soldiers”
88218:9ua3frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhis head was caught up in the tree branches0Absalom had long hair that got caught in the tree branches. Alternate translation: “his hair was caught in the tree branches”
88318:9iq6edangling0hanging or swinging loosely
88418:9eys5between the ground and the sky0Alternate translation: “in the air”
88518:10n893Look0Here this word is used to draw a persons attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
88618:11w13xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy did you not strike him down to the ground?0This rhetorical question means that he should have killed him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. The phrase “strike down” means to kill. Alternate translation: “You should have struck him down to the ground!” or “You should have killed him immediately!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
88718:11aik2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoneyten silver shekels0This can be written in modern units. Alternate translation: “ten silver coins” or “110 grams of silver”
88818:11xu84belt0This is a special belt that shows people that someone is a great soldier and should be honored.
88918:12m6urrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoneya thousand silver shekels0“1,000 silver shekels.” This can be stated in modern units. Alternate translation: “1,000 silver coins” or “11 kilograms of silver” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
89018:12y75lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwould not have reached out my hand against the kings son0The phrase “reached out my hand” means to attack. Alternate translation: “would not have attacked the kings son”
89118:12c6jerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomNo one must touch0Here “touching” refers to “harming.” Alternate translation: “No none must harm” or “Do not harm”
89218:13if8qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsa falsehood0The word “falsehood” can be expressed with a verbal phrase. Also, this refers to disobeying the kings command. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “doing something that is wrong” or “by disobeying the king” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
89318:13b1r6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthere is nothing hidden from the king0Here the man speaks about how the king knows about almost everything that happens as if everything were a physical object he knew the location of. Alternate translation: “there is nothing that the king does not know” or “the king hears about everything that happens”
89418:14jl1nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitI will not wait for you0Joab meant that he should not continue talking to the man. Alternate translation: “I will not waste anymore time talking to you”
89518:14m7ubrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheheart of Absalom0Here Absaloms heart refers to his chest or upper body. Alternate translation: “chest”
89618:15va7xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochearmor0This refers to both the armor he would wear to protect himself and to his weapons. Alternate translation: “armor and weapons”
89718:16f9zarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThen Joab blew the trumpet, and the army returned from pursuing Israel, for Joab held back the army0This describes what Joab commanded by blowing the trumpet. Alternate translation: “Then Joab blew the trumpet to call back the army, and the army returned from pursuing Israel”
89818:16ji7krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochereturned from pursuing Israel0Here “Israel” refers to the Israelite army. Alternate translation: “returned from pursuing the Israelite army”
89918:17st6rThey took Absalom and threw him0Alternate translation: “They took Absaloms body and threw it”
90018:17d3n5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthey buried his body under a very large pile of stones0After putting his body in the pit they covered it with a pile of stones. This can be stated more clearly. Alternate translation: “they covered his body with a huge pile of stones”
90118:17b87lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochewhile all Israel fled0Here “all Israel” refers to the Israelite soldiers. The word “fled” means “ran away.” Alternate translation: “while all the Israelite soldiers ran away”
90218:18s18qrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesthe Kings Valley0This is the name of a place.
90318:18j9s8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyto carry along the memory of my name0Absalom uses the phrase “my name” to refer to himself and his family line. Alternate translation: “to carry on my family name, by which people would remember me”
90418:18tg1prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveso it is called Absaloms Monument to this very day0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so people called it Absaloms Monument from that day on”
90518:18h1qhto this very day0This refers to the present time when this book of the Bible was written.
90618:19md2prc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAhimaaz0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md).
90718:19qby5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorrun to the king with the good news0Here Ahimaaz speaks of running to go and tell the king the good news as if the good news were a object that he were carrying. Alternate translation: “run to tell the king the good news”
90818:19jyg5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe hand of his enemies0Here “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “the control of his enemies”
90918:20qeg4the bearer of news0Alternate translation: “the one who tells the news”
91018:20v56vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicityou will bear no news0This refers to not bearing the news to the king. Alternate translation: “you will not tell the news to the king”
91118:21q3lftell the king what you have seen0Joab is telling him to go and tell the king about the news of the battle.
91218:24zqb5Now0This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line and the beginning of a new part of the story.
91318:24t7w3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorraised his eyes0Here the watchman looking to see something is spoken of as if he lifted up his eyes. Alternate translation: “looked out beyond the city”
91418:25r6brrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthere is news in his mouth0Here the king speaks of the man having a message as if the news were an object sitting in his mouth. Alternate translation: “he has news to tell us”
91518:27zpr6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileI think the running of the man in front is like the running of Ahimaaz son of Zadok0The watchman compares the way the man ran to the way Ahimaaz runs to suggest that it may be him. Alternate translation: “I think the man running in front is Ahimaaz son Zadok, because he runs like Ahimaaz”
91618:28ft3grc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionHe bowed himself before the king with his face to the ground0He did this to honor the king. Alternate translation: “He bowed himself before the king with his face to the ground to honor the king”
91718:28qm8vBlessed be Yahweh0“Praise Yahweh.” Here “bless” means to praise.
91818:28e5kyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe men who lifted up their hand against my master the king0Here Ahimaaz speaks of the men opposing the king as if they were raising their hands before him. Alternate translation: “the men who opposed and fought against my master the king”
91918:29l8s8a great disturbance0This means that people were acting as though things were not right.
92018:30bg95Turn aside and stand here0Alternate translation: “Move out of the way” or “Stand aside”
92118:31e1tfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomrose up against0This means to oppose. Alternate translation: “opposed”
92218:32s9h4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe enemies of my master the king, & should be as that young man is0The Cushite uses a comparison as a polite way to tell the king that Absalom is dead. This can be stated more directly. Alternate translation: “I would like all your enemies … to die the way that young man died” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
92318:33la2kwas deeply unnerved0Alternate translation: “was very unhappy” or “was trembling with grief”
92419:introabcj0# 2 Samuel 19 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David told to stop mourning Absalom\n\nJoab warned David that if he continued to mourn Absalom and not thank his army, they would all desert him. So David went out to encourage the soldiers. David was both a good father and a good leader.\n\n### David made king again\n\nThis chapter record the recognition that David was the true king of Israel. It is important to remember that even though Absalom had power for a while, David never stopped being the king.\n\n### The ten tribes and Judah argue over David\n\nThe ten tribes of Israel argued with the tribe of Judah about who would bring David across the river. The men of Judah answered the ten tribes very harshly. This may foreshadow, or give a glimpse of, the future civil war that would come to divide these two groups.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nThe people wanted David back as their king and expressed it in a rhetorical question: “So why are we not talking about bringing the king back?” David also used a question to persuade the people of Judah to bring him back: “You are my brothers, my flesh and bone. Why then are you the last to bring back the king?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
92519:1wl3frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveJoab was told0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Joab”
92619:1ggg6Look, the king is weeping0The word “Look” is used here to draw someones attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen, the king is weeping”
92719:2jq6irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitSo the victory that day was turned into mourning for all the army0This means that the whole army mourned instead of celebrating. AT “So instead of celebrating victory that day, the whole army mourned”
92819:3c8b8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similelike people who are ashamed sneak away when they run from battle0The author compares the way that the soldiers had to sneak back into the city to the way that soldiers sneak away when they are running away from battle. This emphasizes that they were made to feel ashamed. Alternate translation: “in the same way that people who had run away from battle would sneak away because they were ashamed”
92919:3z9zjsneak0move without being seen by others
93019:4bt57rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionThe king covered his face0This is a way to express grief and mourning. Alternate translation: “The king showed his grief by covering his face”
93119:5ve2hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheYou have shamed the faces of all your soldiers today0Here the soldiers are referred to by their face to emphasize how they would have hid their faces because of their shame” Alternate translation: “You have caused all your soldiers to hide their faces in shame today” or “You have caused all of your soldiers to be ashamed today”
93219:6sx3crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbolenothing to you0This phrase is an exaggeration, but it expresses the very low value that David showed for the army. Alternate translation: “are worth very little to you”
93319:6si4jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypoif Absalom had lived, and we all had died, then that would have pleased you0The speaker is giving a hypothetical situation.
93419:7h9b9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitI swear by Yahweh0Joab is making a very strong oath. Alternate translation: “I swear, as surely as Yahweh is alive”
93519:7p34hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegativesif you do not go, not one man will remain with you0This means that only if David went would his soldiers remain with him. Alternate translation: “only if you go will any of your men remain with you”
93619:7m2ucrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomnot one man will remain with you0This refers to them remaining loyal to him. Alternate translation: “not one man will remain loyal to you”
93719:8e6vsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleall the people were told0This is a generalization. It means most of the men. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “many of the men who were there heard others saying” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
93819:8msv7Look, the king is sitting0The word “Look” is used here to draw someones attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen, the king is sitting”
93919:8q8cdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleall the people0Here “the people” refer to the people who followed David. Here “all” is an generalization. It means a large number came and gathered around him. Alternate translation: “many of the people”
94019:8k5uerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheSo Israel fled, every man to his home0Here “Israel” refers to the Israelite soldiers who followed Absalom. Alternate translation: “And every Israelite soldier fled to his own home” or “And all of the Israelite soldiers fled to their homes”
94119:9ypj8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyout of the hand of our enemies0Here “hand” means control. Alternate translation: “from under the control of our enemies” or “from our enemies control”
94219:9wn5arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyout of the hand of the Philistines0Here “hand” means control. Alternate translation: “from under the control of the Philistines” or “from the Philistines control”
94319:9w56drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitout of the land because of Absalom0This means that he had left the country fleeing from Absalom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “out of the country fleeing from Absalom”
94419:10h2rqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionwhy do you say nothing about bringing the king back?0This means they should consider bringing David back now that Absalom was dead. The question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “we should be talking about bringing the king back.”
94519:10n7fvthe king0This refers to David.
94619:11ywv6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomsent to Zadok and to Abiathar0This means that David sent a messenger to Zadok and Abiathar. Alternate translation: “sent a messenger to Zadok and to Abiathar”
94719:11jd6qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy are you the last to bring the king back … to bring him back to his palace?0This rhetorical question is asked to rebuke the elders in Judah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have been the first to favor the king and bring him back to the palace, not the people of the nation of Israel.”
94819:11d4d9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounssince the talk of all Israel favors the king, to bring0The noun “talk” can be expressed with the verb “talk” or “speak.” Alternate translation: “since all Israel speaks favorably about the king and desires to bring” or “since what the people of Israel are saying is in the kings favor, to bring”
94919:11v8mvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorto bring the king back to his palace0Here restoring the kings authority to rule is spoken of as bringing him back to his palace. Alternate translation: “to restore the kings authority as king”
95019:12si3prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorYou are my brothers, my flesh and bone0The king uses these to phrases to emphasize that they are closely related. Being or having the same flesh is a metaphor for belonging to the same family or tribe. Alternate translation: “You are my brothers, and we have the same flesh and bone” or “You are my brothers, my close relatives”
95119:12n4purc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy then are you the last to bring back the king?0This is the second rhetorical question here and it is also a rebuke for the elders of Judah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have been the first, not the last, to bring back the king.”
95219:13uf92rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAmasa0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 17:25](../17/25.md).
95319:13h28krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionAre you not my flesh and my bone?0David uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that they are related. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are my flesh and my bones.”
95419:13f88hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphormy flesh and my bone0Here David speaks of them being related by saying that they have the same flesh and bones. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Samuel 19:12](../19/12.md). Alternate translation: “my relative”
95519:13gk6urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomGod do so to me0This is an idiom that means for God to kill him. Alternate translation: “May God kill me”
95619:14g6z6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhe won the hearts0Here the mens loyalty is referred to as their “hearts.” Alternate translation: “he won the loyalty”
95719:14w82prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoras one man0This speaks of the men being united in their loyalty to the king as if they were one man with the same mind. Alternate translation: “and they were united together” or “they were united in their loyalty to the king”
95819:14a3idrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomThey sent to the king0This means that they sent a messenger to the king. Alternate translation: “They sent a messenger to the king”
95919:16p33rrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGera0This is the name of a man.
96019:16ke2lrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBahurim0Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 3:16](../03/16.md).
96119:17kj6arc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesZiba0This is the name of a man. Translate as you did in [2 Samuel 9:2](../09/02.md).
96219:17e34yrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersone thousand men … fifteen sons … twenty servants0“1,000 men … 15 sons … 20 servants”
96319:17s7u2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitin the presence of the king0This means that the king was there and was aware of what was happening. Alternate translation: “at the place where the king was”
96419:19tx71rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomcall to mind0This means “to remember.” Alternate translation: “remember”
96519:19m7n5your servant0Here Shimei refers to himself this way to humble himself before the king and honor the king.
96619:19s3zcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomnot take it to heart0“To take something to heart” means to think about something seriously or to be bothered by it. Alternate translation: “not be bothered by it” or “forget about it”
96719:21w2c6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAbishai0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md).
96819:21p13vrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesZeruiah0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md).
96919:21yth5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionShould not Shimei be put to death for this, because he cursed Yahwehs anointed?0Abishai was angry at Shimei for cursing David and is suggesting that he should be killed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Shimei should be put to death because he cursed Yahwehs anointed.”
97019:21spv5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitYahwehs anointed0This refers to David. It means that he is the man that Yahweh had anointed as king. Alternate translation: “the man that Yahweh has anointed as king”
97119:22dn85rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhat have I to do with you … that you should today be adversaries to me?0David uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Abishai. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have nothing in common with you, you sons of Zeruiah! You have no good reason to become my adversaries today.”
97219:22s4ferc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWill any man be put to death today in Israel? For do I not know that today I am king over Israel?0David uses these rhetorical questions to continue rebuking Abishai. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “No person will be executed today in the nation of Israel, because today I am the one who is king over all of Israel.”
97319:22f3kyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomWill any man be put to death0This phrase “put to death” means to be killed or executed. Alternate translation: “Will any man be killed” or “Will I order any man to die”
97419:22t2u7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionFor do I not know that today I am king over Israel?0Possible meanings of this rhetorical question are: (1) “I know that I am still king of Israel.” or (2) “Today I am the one who is king over Israel!”
97519:24kg79rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMephibosheth0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
97619:24sc2iHe had not dressed his feet0“He had not cared for his feet.” Mephibosheths feet were crippled. This phrase means that he had not taken proper care of his feet.
97719:25zrh9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitWhy did you not go with me, Mephibosheth?0David is asking Mephibosheth why he did not go with David when David and all the people who followed him left Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Why did you not go with me when I left Jerusalem, Mephibosheth?”
97819:27vh2urc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesZiba0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 9:2](../09/02.md).
97919:27bk18rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similemy master the king is like an angel of God0Here Davids wisdom is compared to the wisdom of an angel. Alternate translation: “my master the king is as wise as an angel of God”
98019:27jn77rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomdo what is good in your eyes0This means to do what you think is right. Alternate translation: “do what you believe to be the right thing to do”
98119:28rll4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorall my fathers house were dead men before my master the king0Mephibosheth speaks of how his relatives had deserved to be executed as if they had already been executed and were dead. Alternate translation: “all my fathers house deserved for my master the king to order them to be executed”
98219:28ww9qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymymy fathers house0This refers to his fathers relatives. Alternate translation: “my fathers relatives”
98319:28fa5brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhat right therefore have I that I should still cry any more to the king?0Mephibosheth uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he has no right to request anything from the king. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Therefore, I have no right to ask the king to do anything else for me.”
98419:29wt65rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy explain anything further?0David uses this rhetorical question to tell him that he does not need to continue talking about his conflict with Ziba. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to explain this any further.” or “You certainly do not need to say any more.”
98519:31yk1prc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBarzillai0See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md).
98619:31zak8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGileadite0See how you translated the name of this people group in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md).
98719:31w1cerc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesRogelim0See how you translated the name of this place in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md).
98819:31g56kthe Jordan0the Jordan River
98919:32ffn7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMahanaim0See how you translated the name of this place in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md).
99019:32cj9qrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberseighty years old0“80 years old”
99119:32a2k7had furnished the king with provisions0Alternate translation: “had provided what the king needed”
99219:34y2r5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionHow many days are left in the years of my life, that I should go up with the king to Jerusalem?0Here Barzillai means that he is old and that there is no reason for him to accompany David. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am certainly not going to live many more years. There is no good reason for me to go up with the king to Jerusalem.”
99319:35sy7wrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberseighty years old0“80 years old”
99419:35n8fnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionCan I distinguish between good and bad?0Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. Here “good” and “bad” refer to what is desirable and what is not. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot distinguish between what is desirable and what is not.”
99519:35d6qdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionCan your servant taste what I eat or what I drink?0Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot enjoy the taste of what I eat and drink.”
99619:35dgv2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionCan I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women?0Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot hear well the voices of singing men and singing women.”
99719:35f2zirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy then should your servant be a burden to my master the king?0Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not want to be a burden to the king. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your servant should not go with you and be a burden to you.”
99819:36x8m1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy should the king repay me with such a reward?0Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not know why the king would reward him this way. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not know why the king would repay me with such a great reward”
99919:37tj5t0# General Information:\n\nBarzillai asks that Kimham be allowed to take his place instead with David.
100019:37lt2arc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesKimham0This is the name of a man.
100119:37wef7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitby the grave of my father and my mother0This does not mean that he wants to die right next to their graves, but rather, that he wants to die in the city where they are buried. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “where my fathers and my mothers graves are” or “where my father and my mother are buried”
100219:37sn5rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisLet him cross over0This refers to crossing the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “Let him cross over the Jordan”
100319:38sm6qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitKimham will go over with me0This refers to crossing the Jordan River. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Kimham will cross the river with me”
100419:40v221rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsiscrossed over to Gilgal0They crossed over the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “crossed over the river to Gilgal”
100519:40hzp4Kimham0See how you translated this name in [2 Samuel 19:37](../19/37.md).
100619:40jw3nAll the army of Judah brought the king over, and also half the army of Israel0Alternate translation: “All the army of Judah and half the army of Israel brought the king over”
100719:40t9rbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisbrought the king over0They crossed over the Jordan River with the king. Alternate translation: “escorted the king over the river”
100819:41sbd9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy have our brothers, the men of Judah … and all Davids men with him?0The men of Israel use this question to express that they feel betrayed by the people of Judah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is not right that our brothers, the men of Judah, who did not support you as king, had the privilege of bringing you and your family back across the Jordan River.”
100919:41r7aerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorstolen you away0The men of Israel speak of how the men of Judah escorted the king across the river as if the king were something they stole that did not belong to them. Alternate translation: “taken you away from us”
101019:41hgi3the Jordan0the Jordan River
101119:42nu1grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy then are you angry about this?0The men of Judah ask this rhetorical question to rebuke the men of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “But you have no reason to be upset about this.”
101219:42u3wjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionHave we eaten anything that the king had to pay for? Has he given us any gifts?0The men of Judah ask the question to express that they have not taken anything from the king. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “The king has never paid for our food, and he has never given us any gifts.”
101319:43nbt3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwe have even more right to David than you0“we have a greater claim to David than you do.” It may be helpful to state clearly what having “more right” means. Alternate translation: “we have more right to serve the king and to be with the king than you do”
101419:43vc2src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy then did you despise us?0The men of Israel ask this rhetorical question to express their anger. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have despised us!”
101519:43vlb7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWas not our proposal to bring back our king the first to be heard?0The men of Israel ask this question to remind and rebuke the people of Judah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We were the first to suggest that we bring back the king!”
101619:43el5kthe words of the men of Judah were even more harsh than the words of the men of Israel0Alternate translation: “the men of Judah spoke even more harshly than the men of Israel did”
101720:introabck0# 2 Samuel 20 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Shebas revolt\nA man named Sheba told the people of the ten tribes that David was Judahs king, but not their king. David worked hard to preserve unity in Israel after this time of division.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Idiom\n\nJoab used an idiom “has lifted up his hand against the king, against David” meaning “revolted against David,” to explain why his army was attacking the city of Able. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
101820:1fz8cto be at the same place0This refers to the town of Gilgal.
101920:1a6circ://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesSheba … Bikri0These are names of men.
102020:1l45irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismWe have no part in David, neither have we any inheritance in the son of Jesse0Both of these statements mean the same thing. Sheba is emphasizing that he and the tribes of Israel have no relationship with David. Alternate translation: “The inheritance of David and his fathers family does not belong to us” or “We are not a part of David and his fathers family” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
102120:3j97wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomto keep the palace0Here the phrase “to keep” means to take care of. Alternate translation: “to take care of the palace”
102220:3e4knrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomin a house under guard0If a house is “under guard” it means that a guard is posted at the house. Alternate translation: “in a house and put a guard there”
102320:3ymh8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismhe did not lie with them0This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he did not have sexual relations with them”
102420:3b16irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthey were shut up0This means that they were not allowed to leave the house. Alternate translation: “they were shut inside the house”
102520:3p4suwidows0These are women whose husbands have died.
102620:4zm4yrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAmasa0This is the commander of Davids army. See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 17:25](../17/25.md).
102720:6ai94rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAbishai0This is another commander of Davids army. See how you translated his name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md).
102820:6qm7jdo us more harm0Alternate translation: “hurt us more”
102920:6gm22your masters servants, my soldiers0The phrase “my soldiers” clarifies which “servants.” David refers to himself as “your master” as a formal way of speaking to someone with less authority.
103020:6q3jppursue after0Alternate translation: “chase after”
103120:6g2i6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithe will find fortified cities0This means that Sheba and his men will enter these cities to hide from Davids army. The word “he” represents Sheba but refers to both him and his men. Alternate translation: “he and his men will hide in fortified cities” or “he and his men will take refuge in fortified cities” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
103220:6lm43rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyout of our sight0Here David refers to his army by their sight to emphasize that Sheba and his men would be hidden and Davids army would be unable to capture them. Alternate translation: “from us”
103320:7x1airc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesKerethites … Pelethites0These are the names of people groups who helped to protect King David. See how you translated this mans name in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md).
103420:8kyh2When they were0Alternate translation: “When Joab and the men of Judah were”
103520:8g899belt0a strip of leather or other material used to hold clothing or weapons in place
103620:8gg8nsheathed sword0This means the sword was in its protective covering.
103720:8mw2crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe sword fell out0Joab let the sword fall out to fool Amasa into thinking that he Joab was unarmed, so that Amasa would allow him to walk closer to him. Alternate translation: “he allowed the sword to fall on the ground so Amasa would think he was unarmed”
103820:9cca2my cousin0Amasa was the son of the sister of Joabs mother.
103920:9yw2utook Amasa by the beard with his right hand to kiss him0This was a common way for men to greet one another.
104020:10e612dagger0a short sword that is easy to hide and was often used for close-in fighting and assassinations
104120:10pd2kbowels spilled0Alternate translation: “intestines spilled”
104220:11m94grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhe who is for David0To be “for” someone means to support them. Alternate translation: “he who supports David” or “he who is loyal to David”
104320:12dp5trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitAmasa lay wallowing in his blood0“Amasa lay squirming in his blood.” Amasa may have still been alive and rolling in his blood, but he was probably dead by this time. It is described this way to show how gruesome his body looked. Alternate translation: “Amasa lay dead in his blood”
104420:12r75krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitall the people stood still … came by him stood still0This means they stopped walking and were staring at Amasas dead body. Alternate translation: “all the people stood still staring at the dead body … came by him stood still, staring at his dead body”
104520:12rgl8he carried Amasa0Alternate translation: “he carried Amasas body”
104620:13y3pdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveAfter Amasa was taken off the road0This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “After the man took Amasa off the road”
104720:13x48erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsin pursuit of0This abstract noun can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “pursuing”
104820:14ppx4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheSheba passed through0Here “Sheba” refers to both him and his army. Alternate translation: “Sheba and his army” or “Sheba and his men”
104920:14b6n5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAbel Beth Maacah0Both Abel and Beth Maacah names refer to the same place and may be combined. It is a city near the tribe of Dan.
105020:14k4pwrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesof the Bikrites0This is the name of a people group.
105120:14ig39also pursued Sheba0Alternate translation: “also followed Sheba”
105220:15u7dgThey caught up with him0Alternate translation: “Joab and the soldiers caught up with him”
105320:15t6t2against the city against the wall0Alternate translation: “against the city wall”
105420:15n7h9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitbattered the wall to knock it down0This means that they used a battering ram to knock down the wall. A battering ram was a cut tree or large log with a sharpened end or an end covered in metal. It was held by several men who would pound the end against a wall. Alternate translation: “used a battering ram to knock down the wall”
105520:16k1s4Listen, please listen0The repetition of “Listen” strengthens the womans plea.
105620:17a5x5Listen to the words of your servant0The woman refers to herself as “your servant.” This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority.
105720:18xv3vthat advice would end the matter0Alternate translation: “that advice would solve the problem”
105820:19l2ybrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsismost peaceful and faithful in Israel0This describes the cities. Alternate translation: “most peaceful and faithful cities in Israel”
105920:19vb6krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorcity that is a mother in Israel0This speaks of the importance of this city among the nation of Israel as if it were a well respected mother. Alternate translation: “city that everyone in Israel respects like they would their mother” or “city that is very important and that Israel respects”
106020:19f7wfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy do you want to swallow up the inheritance of Yahweh?0Here the woman uses a rhetorical question to suggest to Joab what they should not do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not destroy the city that is Yahwehs inheritance!”
106120:19h83grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorswallow up0Here the woman speaks of the army destroying the city as if the city were food to be swallowed. Alternate translation: “destroy”
106220:19v31src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe inheritance of Yahweh0Here the city is referred to as Yahwehs inheritance to emphasize that it belongs to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “a city that belongs to Yahweh”
106320:20kn3jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomFar be it, far be it from me, that I should0He repeats this phrase to emphasize that this is something he would never do. Alternate translation: “Truly, truly, I would never”
106420:20u14urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisthat I should swallow up or destroy0This refers to destroying the city. This may be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “that I should swallow up or destroy your city”
106520:20lh3jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletswallow up or destroy0Both of these phrases means to destroy. In the first phrase “destroying” is spoken of as if it were “swallowing.” These may be combined. Alternate translation: “ruin or destroy the city” or “destroy” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
106620:21bq5hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhas lifted up his hand against0This means to rebel and fight against someone. Alternate translation: “has opposed” or “is rebelling against”
106720:21vu8hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomGive up him alone0Joab is asking for the people of the city to release Sheba to him. Alternate translation: “Hand this man over to us” or “Give this man to us”
106820:21rt99rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheI will withdraw from the city0Here the “I” refers to both Joab and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “We will withdraw from the city”
106920:21tda3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveHis head will be thrown0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “We will throw his head”
107020:22p855rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThen the woman went to all the people in her wisdom0This means that the woman acted wisely and spoke to her people about what they should do. Alternate translation: “Then the wise woman spoke to all the people”
107120:22l63yevery man to his home0Alternate translation: “every man went to his own home”
107220:23ail7rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundNow0“Now” marks a break in the main story line. This new section gives background information about the men who served King David.
107320:23bu9zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomJoab was over … Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over0The phrase “was over” refers to having authority over a group of people. Alternate translation: “Joab had authority over … Benaiah son of Jehoiada had authority over”
107420:23di2drc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBenaiah … Jehoiada0Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md).
107520:23s3i1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesKerethites … Pelethites0Translate the names of these people groups the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md).
107620:24hw6frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomAdoniram was over0The phrase “was over” refers to having authority over a group of people. Alternate translation: “Adoniram had authority over”
107720:24qv95rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAdoniram0This is the name of a man.
107820:24rx8xthe men who did forced labor0Alternate translation: “the slave workers”
107920:24hbx2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesJehoshaphat … Ahilud0Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:16](../08/16.md).
108020:25pjz3rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesSheva0This is the name of a man.
108120:26w67irc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesIra0This is the name of a man.
108220:26qk9arc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesJairite0This is the name of a people group.
108321:introabcl0# 2 Samuel 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Famine caused by a broken oath\n\nWhen Israel first conquered the land, they promised not to kill the people of Gibeon. When Saul tried to kill them all, God caused a famine in Israel. David made amends with the people of Gideon and the famine ended. David also kept his vow to Jonathans sons. This helps to show the wisdom of king David. Although these people were not Israelites, they believed in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])\n\n### Wisdom, grace and justice\nDavid is seen to have many great qualities in this chapter. These were qualities important for a king of Israel: wisdom, grace and justice. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
108421:1yc9zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochesought the face of Yahweh0Here “face” is a synecdoche for Yahwehs presence. This means David prayed to Yahweh for an answer about the famine.
108521:1f1fsbecause of Saul and his murderous family0Saul had killed many Gibeonites, and Sauls descendants are guilty because of this sin.
108621:2j82wrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundNow0Here “Now” marks a break in the main story line. This gives background information about the Gibeonites.
108721:3r66crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismWhat should I do for you? How can I make atonement … promises?0These two sentences have similar meanings. Alternate translation: “What can I do to remove this sin, so that you may bless the people of Yahweh, who inherit his goodness and promises?”
108821:4xp8qIt is not a matter of silver or gold0Alternate translation: “Money will not solve the problem”
108921:5tq7ewho schemed against us0Alternate translation: “who made plans against us”
109021:6hce6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivelet seven men from his descendants be handed over to us0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “allow your men to give seven of his descendants to us”
109121:6ac94we will hang them0Alternate translation: “we will execute them by hanging”
109221:6gb8qin Gibeah of Saul0Saul was from the town of Gibeah.
109321:6s77urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe one chosen by Yahweh0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one whom Yahweh chose”
109421:7u686Mephibosheth0Mephibosheth was the son of Jonathan. See how you translated his name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
109521:8nz4wRizpah … Aiah0Rizpah was a woman and her father was Aiah. See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 3:7](../03/07.md).
109621:8vnv4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesArmoni and Mephibosheth … Adriel … Barzillai0These are names of men. This is not the same Mephibosheth as the son of Jonathan.
109721:8ab2bMerab0This is the name of a woman. See how you translated it in [2 Samuel 3:13](../03/13.md).
109821:8p5t5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMeholathite0This is the name of a people group.
109921:9ji6trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyHe handed them over into the hands of the Gibeonites0Here “the hands of the Gibeonites” represents the Gibeonite peoples control. Alternate translation: “He gave them to the Gibeonites”
110021:9uyb2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThey were put to death0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Gibeonites put them to death”
110121:10vaz5Rizpah … Aiah0Rizpah was a woman and her father was Aiah. See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 3:7](../03/07.md).
110221:11hs9erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveIt was told to David0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told David”
110321:12z1rvJabesh Gilead0Jabesh is a town in the region of Gilead. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 2:4](../02/04.md).
110421:12vw7sthe public square0This is an area near the city gate where people did various kinds of business.
110521:12nd8drc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBeth Shan0This is the name of a place.
110621:12ku3iGilboa0See how you translated the name of this place in [2 Samuel 1:6](../01/06.md).
110721:13n7jirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewho had been hanged0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the Gibeonites executed by hanging”
110821:14ai2frc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesZela0This is the name of a town in Benjamin.
110921:14bga5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesKish0This is the name of a man.
111021:14kw3rhis father0Alternate translation: “Sauls father”
111121:16d7sbrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesIshbi-Benob0This is the name of a man.
111221:16b31krc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweightthree hundred shekels0“300 shekels.” This is about 3.4 kilograms. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
111321:17e49hAbishai son of Zeruiah0Abishai and Zeruiah are names of men. See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md).
111421:17d893rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoryou do not put out the lamp of Israel0The “lamp of Israel” is a metaphor that refers to Davids leadership and the idea that if David were to die, the people of Israel would have no clear direction.
111521:18i8h8It came about after this that0This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
111621:18ei1hrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGob0This is the name of a town.
111721:18zih5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesSibbekai … Saph0These are names of men.
111821:18zz7erc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHushathite … Rephaim0These are names of people groups.
111921:18g7p1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesRephaim0This people group was known for its giant warriors.
112021:19pv8src://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariantsElhanan son of Jair the Bethlehemite killed Goliath the Gittite0Some versions translate this as “Elhanan son of Jair the Bethlehemite killed the brother of Goliath the Gittite.”
112121:19xl44rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesElhanan son of Jair … Goliath0These are names of men.
112221:19x5yprc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBethlehemite … Gittite0These are names of people groups.
112321:19b7w9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similewhose spear was like a weavers beam0When a person was weaving a cloth he would run the threads through hooks attached to large sticks called a “weavers beam.” This means Goliaths spear was larger than a normal spear.
112421:20nqr4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberstwenty-four in number0“24 fingers and toes altogether”
112521:20cka4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesRephaim0This people group was known for its giant warriors.
112621:21j56urc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesJonathan son of Shimeah0These are names of men. Shimeah was Davids brother.
112721:22mqg8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthey were killed by the hand of David and by the hand of his soldiers0Here “by the hand of” means “through” or “by.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers killed them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
112822:introabcm0# 2 Samuel 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 22:251.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God rescued David\n\nGod rescued David when he thought he would die. He protected David, fought against his enemies, and enabled him to defeat his enemies.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nDavid uses many metaphors to express his trust in Gods protection: “my rock, my fortress, my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold and my refuge.” He used other metaphors to express his hopelessness: “the waves of death surrounded me,” “the rushing waters of worthlessness overwhelmed me,” “the cords of sheol surrounded me;” “the snares of death trapped me,” and “the surging water.” He also used metaphors for the victory God gave him: “I can run over a barricade” and “by my God I can leap over a wall.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
112922:1vx4yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0# General Information:\n\nDavids song to Yahweh starts. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying.
113022:1sh9lout of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul0This is a progression from enemies in general to one specific enemy of David, King Saul.
113122:1gzu9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyout of the hand of0This metonym means “out of the power of.”
113222:2t5y8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorYahweh is my rock, my fortress0This metaphor shows a progression from a part, “rock,” to the whole, “fortress.” A fortress is built of many large rocks. This means Yahweh has the strength to protect his people from harm.
113322:3h8pdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorGod is my rock … He is my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold0All of these metaphors are symbols of Gods strength and power. They emphasize Gods ability to protect and save his people.
113422:4v4uprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewho is worthy to be praised0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who is worthy to receive praise”
113522:4p1jcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveI will be saved from my enemies0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will save me from my enemies”
113622:5xvj7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorFor the waves of death surrounded me, the rushing waters of destruction overwhelmed me0David compares the wicked men who wanted to kill him to flood waters that are about to drown him. These sentences have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
113722:5p6bvthe rushing waters of destruction0This is a picture of fast-flowing flood waters that destroy everything in their path.
113822:6d6karc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationThe cords of Sheol surrounded me; the snares of death trapped me0David speaks about death and Sheol as if they are people who are trying to trap him as a hunter traps an animal. These phrases have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
113922:7m7xwIn my distress0Alternate translation: “In my great trouble”
114022:7dv16he heard my voice from his temple0David is referring to the heavenly temple where Yahweh dwells. The earthly temple has not yet been built.
114122:7v2zxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymymy call for help went into his ears0Here the metonym “his ears” refers to Yahweh and his hearing of Davids call for help. Alternate translation: “he heard my prayer for help”
114222:7w8tsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationhis ears0David speaks of Yahweh as if he had ears.
114322:8ai6grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThen the earth shook0This is Yahwehs response to Davids cry for help from his enemies ([1 Samuel 22:7](./07.md)). David uses the imagery of the earth shaking to emphasize Yahwehs terrible anger.
114422:8gxt8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merismearth shook … heavens trembled0David speaks of the two extremes to include everything in creation.
114522:8x6xlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveand were shaken, because God was angry0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because Gods anger shook them”
114622:9qf19rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwere ignited by it0This is Yahwehs response to Davids cry for help from his enemies ([1 Samuel 22:7](./07.md)). David uses the imagery of fire coming from Yahweh to emphasize Yahwehs terrible anger.
114722:9c8xqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationhis nostrils … his mouth0David speaks of Yahweh as if he had these humans parts.
114822:9cq54rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorCoals were ignited by it0Here Yahwehs anger is compared to fire, which causes coals to ignite and burn. Alternate translation: “The flame from his mouth set coals on fire” or “He also sent burning coals from his mouth”
114922:10f5ymrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorHe opened the heavens0David describes Yahwehs way of saving David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes Gods power and his anger.
115022:10pg86rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationunder his feet0David speaks of God as having feet like humans.
115122:11r4l7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveHe was seen on the wings of the wind0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “He appeared on the wings of the wind”
115222:11gmc9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe wings of the wind0This expression speaks of the wind as if it were a bird.
115322:12mit5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorrain clouds in the skies0David describes Yahwehs way of saving David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes Gods power and his anger.
115422:12ee39rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorHe made darkness a tent around him0Here the darkness Yahweh creates is compared to a tent which hides him completely. Alternate translation: “He hid himself in the darkness”
115522:13t957From the lightning before him coals of fire fell0This could mean: (1) “Out of his bright light he sent burning coals” or (2) “From his brightness he sent lightning”
115622:13g4lkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorFrom the lightning before him0David continues describing Yahweh, whom he compares to a storm, coming to save him from his enemies. This emphasizes Gods power and anger towards Davids enemies.
115722:14d4htrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationThe Most High shouted.0David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do.
115822:15h783rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationHe shot arrows0David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do.
115922:15i235rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorHe shot arrows … lightning bolts0David compares the lightning from Yahwehs storm to arrows that a soldier would use.
116022:15rg2nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorlightning bolts and dispersed them0David continues describing Yahweh, whom he compares to a storm, coming to save him from his enemies. This emphasizes Gods power and anger towards Davids enemies.
116122:16za11rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThen the channels of the sea were seen … breath of his nostrils0When Yahweh shouted in his attack against Davids enemies, it is compared to his power to create upheaval in the deepest parts of the ocean and the earth. This shows his great power and fierce anger. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
116222:16dcq2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe channels of the sea were seen0This means that the sea water moved and the ocean floor was visible. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People could see the channels of the sea”
116322:16it2cthe channels of the sea0the deepest part of the sea, from which the Hebrews believed was where the water in the sea came
116422:16kcr5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe foundations of the world were laid bare at the rebuke of Yahweh, at the blast of the breath of his nostrils0David compares Yahwehs anger to turbulent movements of the ground. “If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahwehs rebuke, the breath of his nostrils, laid bare the foundations of the world”
116522:17kw87rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorout of the surging water0David compares his enemies to a flood that threatens to drown him.
116622:18lg3qHe rescued me from my strong enemy0Davids enemies were overwhelming. He praises God for delivering him from all his enemies.
116722:19zv1uThey came against me on the day of my distress0Alternate translation: “My enemies fought against me when I was in great trouble”
116822:19nty3the day of my distress0Alternate translation: “the time of my distress”
116922:19v9h4but Yahweh was my support0Alternate translation: “but Yahweh supported me” or “but Yahweh helped me”
117022:20yh2ua wide open place0This refers to a place where there was no danger and his enemies could not trap him.
117122:21en85rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomto the measure of the cleanness of my hands0Here “cleanness of my hands” means the same as “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “because I obey his commands” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
117222:22s787I have kept the ways of Yahweh0Here “the ways of Yahweh” refers to how Yahweh wants his people to act. This means David has done what Yahweh commands.
117322:23ze3ehave been before me0This means David constantly reads and thinks about Gods decrees.
117422:24j1e5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomI have kept myself from sin0This refers to choosing not to sin against Yahweh.
117522:25qdu9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomto the degree of my cleanness in his sight0Here “my cleanness” means the same as “my righteousness.” Alternate translation: “because he knows that I have done what he commands” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
117622:27b64pyou are perverse to the twisted0Here “perverse” means to be cunning or crafty, and “twisted” means to turn away from what is good and right. This means God is wise in how he deals with wicked people.
117722:28yma2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationyour eyes are against the proud0Here the metonym “your eyes” refers to what Yahweh sees. This means Yahweh watches the proud person.
117822:28b16yyou bring them down0Alternate translation: “you destroy their pride”
117922:29h2zrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoryou are my lamp, Yahweh. Yahweh lights up my darkness0This metaphor compares Yahweh to a lamp, which means he gives David light and helps him to see when things seem hopeless.
118022:30l2ydI can run over a barricade0Here “barricade” may refer to a group of soldiers or to a stone wall. Either way it means God enables David to defeat his enemies.
118122:30ul6krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleI can leap over a wall0David is exaggerating to emphasize Yahwehs help. Alternate translation: “I can climb over the wall that surrounds their city”
118222:31gj1gThe word of Yahweh is pure0Alternate translation: “Everything Yahweh says is true”
118322:31udr8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyHe is a shield0The metaphor “a shield” emphasizes Gods power to protect his people.
118422:32p5uarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionFor who is God except Yahweh, and who is a rock except our God?0David uses this question to emphasize that there is no God apart from Yahweh. These may be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Yahweh alone is God. Our God alone is a rock.”
118522:32d37frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwho is a rock0David compares Yahweh to a rock to emphasize his strength and ability to protect his people.
118622:33c5tvhe leads the blameless person on his path0Yahweh keeps the blameless person safe and removes anything that may harm him.
118722:34wm3brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileHe makes my feet swift like a deer and places me on the high hills0Here Davids feet are compared to those of a deer using exaggeration. Yahweh gives David the strength to move quickly and provides secure places for protection and rest. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
118822:35n5gzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochemy hands … and my arms0Both of these refer to David.
118922:35p7ieto bend a bow of bronze0Only a very strong man could use a bow made from metal.
119022:36ly9src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe shield of your salvation0David compares Yahwehs power to save him to a shield that protects a soldier from his enemy.
119122:36ae4tyour favor0God answered Davids prayers and granted him blessings and success over his enemies.
119222:37p573rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheYou have made a wide place for my feet beneath me0Yahweh has put David in a safe place where his enemies cannot trap him. Here he refers to himself by his “feet” to emphasize his ability to stand securely.
119322:38w4ktpursued my enemies0Alternate translation: “chased my enemies”
119422:39ax1nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI devoured them and smashed them0Here David compares himself to a wild animal. Alternate translation: “I completely destroyed them like a wild animal devouring its prey”
119522:39e2qkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyunder my feet0Here “feet” refers to the power and control of victory over his enemies.
119622:40k5cgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileYou put strength on me like a belt for battle0Here the strength that Yahweh gives is compared to a belt for battle that allowed David to do mighty things.
119722:40ea24you put under me those who rise up against me0Alternate translation: “you helped me defeat those who fought against me”
119822:41p97vthe back of my enemies necks0This could mean: (1) David seeing the backs of the enemy as they run away or (2) David putting his foot on the back of his enemys neck after he defeats him.
119922:41ip4hI annihilated0Alternate translation: “I completely destroyed”
120022:42h32wThey cried0Alternate translation: “My enemies cried”
120122:42c9qgthey cried out to Yahweh, but he did not answer them0The time for Yahwehs judgment had come upon them.
120222:43fum1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similelike dust on the ground … like mud in the streets0This means that David completely destroyed his enemies. These two phrases “like dust on the ground” and “like mud on the streets” have a similar meaning and are used for emphasis. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
120322:44th42from the disputes of my own people0This refers to those among the Israelites who rebelled against King David.
120422:44tjl8You have kept me as the head of nations0“You placed me as ruler over the nations.” Here “nations” refers to other nations besides Israel.
120522:44p5i2A people that I have not known0Alternate translation: “A foreign people”
120622:45t5y6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveForeigners were forced to bow to me0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Foreigners bowed down to me”
120722:47u5bdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismMay my rock be praised. May God be exalted0These sentences have similar meaning and are used for emphasis. These may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May everyone praise my rock. May everyone exalt God” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
120822:47xr9urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphormy rock … the rock0David compares Yahweh to a rock to emphasize his power to protect his people.
120922:48z1qbthe one who brings down peoples under me0Alternate translation: “the one who puts the people of other nations under my rule”
121022:49iu4byou lifted me up above those who rose up against me0Alternate translation: “you saved me from my enemies and gave me honor”
121122:49e1y3from violent men0Alternate translation: “from those who want to harm me”
121222:50r7zu0# General Information:\n\nDavid concludes his song to Yahweh.
121322:50qk4drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyto your name0Here the metonym “name” refers to Yahwehs reputation.
121422:51fz6yhe shows his covenant loyalty to his anointed one0Here David may be referring to the promises Yahweh made in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md)
121523:introabcn0# 2 Samuel 23 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 23:27.\n\n2 Samuel 23:839 is a list of the famous people in Davids army along with some of the special deeds some of them did. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Everlasting covenant\n\nThis is a reference to the covenant God previously made with David. (See: [2 Samuel 7](../07/01.md), [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]).
121623:1jk1iNow0This marks the beginning of a new section of the book.
121723:1lw9ithese are the last words0This refers to what David will say in 2 Samuel 23:27.
121823:1hvt1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe man who was highly honored, the one anointed by the God of Jacob0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the man whom the God of Jacob highly honored and anointed”
121923:1y2lzrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionanointed by the God of Jacob0Anointing was done by pouring oil on a persons head. This was done to choose who would serve God as king or priest.
122023:1khe9psalmist0This is a person who writes psalms or songs.
122123:2ey25by me0by David
122223:2r3yyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyand his word was on my tongue0Here “on my tongue” is a metonym for David speaking. Alternate translation: “he gave me a message to speak”
122323:3c9ydrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismThe God of Israel spoke, the Rock of Israel … me0Here the “God of Israel” is the same as the “Rock of Israel.” The two phrases say essentially the same thing. David compares God to a rock to emphasize his power to protect his people. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
122423:3w218rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismThe one who rules righteously over men, who rules in the fear of God0These two sentences both say that the king will respect God and do what God wants him to do.
122523:3a7acin the fear of God0Alternate translation: “respecting God”
122623:4er3prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileHe will be like the morning light … sunshine after rain0Here God is comparing the king to the morning light and sunshine after the rain. These are all ways of saying this king would be a delight to God and a blessing for the people. These two phrases have a similar meaning and are used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “He will be a delight to all” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
122723:5hef3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionIndeed, is my family not like this before God?0Here David is saying that he agrees with God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family is indeed like this before God!”
122823:5n1ttrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionHas he not made … way?0David acknowledges that God has made a covenant with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He has indeed made … way.”
122923:5gq5bordered and sure0This means Gods covenant is properly organized and will not change so Davids family can trust it.
123023:5r8xzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDoes he not increase my salvation … desire?0David believes that God will always help him and cause him to prosper. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He increases my salvation and gives me my every desire.”
123123:6abg30# General Information:\n\nThis concludes Davids last words.
123223:6ic15rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileBut the worthless will all be like thorns to be thrown away0Here the wicked person is compared to useless thorns. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But the wicked person is worthless and dangerous like thorns we throw away” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
123323:6dgn8because they cannot be gathered by ones hands0Alternate translation: “because no one can pick them up with his hands without the thorns hurting him”
123423:7api5They must be burned up where they lie0“Where thorns are found, that is where they must be burned.” This means God will destroy wicked people.
123523:8ck79rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesJeshbaal0This is the name of a man. Other versions read Josheb Basshebeth, Jashobeam, Ishbaal, or Ishbosheth because various ancient copies have these variations. Translators may choose to say this in a footnote to their translation
123623:8pka9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHachmonite0This is the name of a people group. Alternate translation: “son of Hachmon”
123723:8vbh7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberseight hundred0“800”
123823:10lw96rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThe army returned after Eleazar0This means that the army returned after Eleazar returned from battle. Alternate translation: “The Israeli army returned to the battle field after Eleazer had already won the battle”
123923:10jab4only to strip the bodies0Alternate translation: “only to take what they wanted from the dead bodies of the enemies”
124023:11kv12a field of lentils0Alternate translation: “a field where someone had planted lentils”
124123:11t6zirc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknownlentils0a flat seed, eaten like beans
124223:11dqs9the army fled0Alternate translation: “the Israelite army ran away”
124323:13jyy8Three of the thirty0These are not the same three soldiers mentioned in [2 Samuel 23:812](./08.md).
124423:13de7lrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersthe thirty0“the 30” or “the thirty bravest Israelite soldiers.” The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
124523:13y5dbrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namescave of Adullam0“cave near the town of Adullam.” Adullam is near Bethlehem.
124623:13w9u8Valley of Rephaim0This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 5:18](../05/18.md).
124723:14f68vin his stronghold0Alternate translation: “in his protected place”
124823:14pej4the Philistines had established at Bethlehem0Alternate translation: “some Philistines soldiers were controlling the village of Bethlehem”
124923:16r8yfbroke through the army0Alternate translation: “fought their way through the enemy army”
125023:17nz91rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionShould I drink the blood of men who have risked their lives?0David compares the water to blood because the men risked their lives to bring the water to him. He uses a question to emphasize this. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Drinking this water would be like drinking the blood of those men who have risked their lives to bring it to me.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
125123:18jjf7Abishai … Zeruiah0These are the names of men. Translate them as in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md).
125223:18xve2captain over the three0This means Abishai was the leader of the three who went and got water for David.
125323:18cs6frc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersthree hundred men0“300 men”
125423:18gxa6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveHe was often mentioned along with the three soldiers0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People often mentioned him when they spoke about the three bravest men”
125523:19ir5crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWas he not even more famous than the three?0This question is used to emphasize how famous he was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He was even more famous than the three.”
125623:19gph9three most famous soldiers0This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shimeah. Abishai was not as famous as these soldiers.
125723:20l41wrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesKabzeel0This is the name of a city.
125823:20g72hJehoiada0This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md).
125923:20vqy6Ariel0This is the name of a man.
126023:22k95vdid these feats0Alternate translation: “did these mighty deeds”
126123:22y87lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivehe was named alongside the three mighty men0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people praise him like they praised the three mighty men”
126223:22nbw7three mighty men0This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shimeah.
126323:23b1dfrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersHe was more highly regarded than the thirty soldiers in general, but he was not regarded quite as highly as the three mighty men0“He was more famous than the other 30 soldiers except for the three best soldiers”
126423:23l8t2his bodyguard0a group of soldiers in charge of guarding David
126523:24q89arc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names0# General Information:\n\nThis is a list of Davids greatest soldiers.
126623:24h79drc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersThe thirty0“The 30 very famous soldiers” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
126723:37ud59rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names0# General Information:\n\nThis concludes the list of Davids greatest soldiers.
126823:39t6d8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersthirty-seven in all0“there were 37 total”
126924:introabco0# 2 Samuel 24 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Counting soldiers\n\nDavid ordered the leaders of his army to count how many men of fighting age there were. He was not supposed to do this because it showed he did not trust God. God was displeased and offered David three punishments. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
127024:1c86drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe anger of Yahweh was ignited against Israel0The word “ignite” means start a fire. Here Yahwehs anger is compared to that of a fire. Alternate translation: “the anger of Yahweh started to burn like a fire”
127124:1dq6lhe moved David against them0Alternate translation: “he caused David to oppose them”
127224:1x6eqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitGo, count Israel and Judah0In the law of Moses, God prohibited the kings of Israel from taking a census of fighting men. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
127324:2u7bzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merismDan to Beersheba0This phrase uses two place names Dan, in the far north, and Beersheba, in the far south, to represent the entire country.
127424:2fu4scount all the people … fit for battle0This means to count all the men except those men who are either too young, too old, or physically unable to fight.
127524:3qi23rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersmultiply … hundred times0This means “produce 100 more people for every one person there is now.”
127624:4b9zythe kings word was final against Joab0Joab and the other commanders of King Davids army were not able to convince David to not take a census.
127724:4c8cvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethe kings word0This phrase represents the kings command to them. Alternate translation: “what the king had commanded”
127824:5h1bwThey crossed0Alternate translation: “Joab and the commanders of the army crossed”
127924:5pt7brc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAroer0This was a city on the northern edge of the Arnon River.
128024:5zpx8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesJazer0This is a town in Gad.
128124:6wc3crc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesTahtim Hodshi0This may refer to the town of Kadesh in the land of the Hittite people.
128224:8db36they had gone0Alternate translation: “Joab and the commanders had gone”
128324:8i1gdrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersnine months and twenty days0“9 months and 20 days”
128424:9qq68Then Joab reported the total of the count of the fighting men to the king0Alternate translation: “Then Joab told the king the total number of men ready for battle”
128524:9b91xin Israel0This refers to the northern tribes of Israel.
128624:9k78wrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers800,000 & 500,0000“eight hundred thousand … five hundred thousand”
128724:9t1ixrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywho drew the sword0This metonym refers to the men who were ready to fight in the army.
128824:9e4ftof Judah0This refers to the southern tribe of Judah.
128924:10cb8trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyDavids heart afflicted him0The “heart” here is a metonym for Davids emotions and conscience. Alternate translation: “David felt guilty”
129024:10bvb3Now, Yahweh, take away your servants guilt0David refers to himself as “your servant.” This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority.
129124:11h1gvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe word of Yahweh came to the prophet Gad, Davids seer, saying,0The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this idiom in [2 Samuel 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to the prophet Gad, Davids seer. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to the prophet Gad, Davids seer:”
129224:11a4acDavids seer0This means Gad was the official prophet in the royal palace.
129324:14q8anI am in deep trouble0Alternate translation: “I am in terrible trouble”
129424:14d6uxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyLet us fall into Yahwehs hands rather than into the hand of man0Here “hands” refer to power or control. Alternate translation: “Let Yahweh and not people punish us”
129524:15jgc8a fixed time0This is the time God decided he would stop the plague.
129624:15s22frc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersseventy thousand0“70,000”
129724:15gt1zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merismfrom Dan to Beersheba0Here mentioning the city of Dan in the extreme north and the city Beersheba in the extreme south means the entire nation of Israel.
129824:16tl5xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe angel reached out with his hand toward Jerusalem to destroy it0Here the metonym “hand” stands for the angels power. Alternate translation: “the angel was about to destroy the people in Jerusalem”
129924:16ap2vYahweh changed his mind because of the harm0This means that Yahweh stopped the evil that he was allowing the angel to do. Alternate translation: “Yahweh felt grieved about the harm”
130024:16x95irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyNow draw back your hand0The metonym “hand” stands for the angels power. Alternate translation: “Do not harm them any longer”
130124:16y4esrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAraunah0This is the name of a man.
130224:16ug3pthe threshing floor0A threshing floor was a hard, flat surface where edible grain was separated from chaff.
130324:17c2r6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismI have sinned, and I have acted perversely0These phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Alternate translation: “I have sinned terribly”
130424:17b9vnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionBut these sheep, what have they done?0David uses a question and compares the people to sheep to emphasize that they have done nothing wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “These ordinary people have done nothing wrong.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
130524:17e2dtrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyPlease let your hand punish me0Here the metonym “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “Please punish me”
130624:20q15arc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionbowed to the king with his face to the ground0He was showing deep respect and honor to the king.
130724:21r7k9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveso that the plague may be removed from the people0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that Yahweh will remove this plague from the people”
130824:22bwm7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwhat is good in your sight0Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what you think is good” or “what is good in your judgement”
130924:22p54xthreshing sledges0heavy boards used to separate grain from the rest of the wheat plant
131024:24m1m6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegativesI will not offer … anything that costs me nothing0This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “I will only offer … something that I have paid for”
131124:24w2n6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersfifty shekels0“50 shekels.” A shekel is 11 grams. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
131224:25xl51rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyon behalf of the land0Here the metonym “land” stands for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “on behalf of the people of Israel”
131324:25lp9src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe plague on Israel was confined0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God confined the plague that had been on Israel” or “God took the plague away from Israel”