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this event was from God
"God wanted this event to happen"
into the hand of their enemies
Here "hand" refers to power to defeat. AT: "into the power of their enemies" or "so their enemies could defeat them" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
met each other face to face
This idiom means they were both at the battle in person, rather than only sending other people to fight. See how you translated a similar phrase in 2 Chronicles 25:17. AT: "met each other in person" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom)
Beth Shemesh, which belongs to Judah
The city of Beth Shemesh was located in Judah.
Judah was struck down before Israel
Here "Judah" and "Israel" are metonyms for the soldiers of Judah and Israel, and "struck down" is an idiom that means "defeated." This can be stated in active form. AT: "The soldiers of Israel defeated the soldiers of Judah" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive)
every man
This is a generalization that refers to the soldiers of Judah who survived the battle. AT: "the surviving soldiers of Judah" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole)