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I was not sent to anyone
This can be stated in active form. AT: "God did not send me to anyone" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive)
to the lost sheep of the house of Israel
This is a metaphor comparing the entire nation of Israel to sheep who have strayed from their shepherd. See how you translated this in Matthew 10:6. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
she came
"the Canaanite woman came"
bowed down before him
This shows that the woman is humbling herself before Jesus. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction)
It is not right to take the children's bread and throw it to the little dogs
Jesus responds to the woman with a proverb. The basic meaning is that it is not right to take what is supposed to belong to Jews and give it to non-Jews. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs)
the children's bread
Here "bread" refers to food in general. AT: "the children's food" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche)
the little dogs
The Jews considered dogs to be unclean animals. Here they are used as an image for non-Jews.