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| 1 | Book | Chapter | Verse | ID | SupportReference | OrigQuote | Occurrence | GLQuote | OccurrenceNote |
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| 2 | 2TH | front | intro | krd6 | 0 | # Introduction to 2 Thessalonians<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of 2 Thessalonians<br><br>1. Greetings and thanksgiving (1:1-3)<br>1. Christians suffering from persecution<br> * They are worthy of the kingdom of God and of his promise of relief from trials (1:4-7)<br> * God will judge those who persecute Christians (1:8-12)<br>1. Some believers’ misunderstanding about the second coming of Christ<br> * Christ’s return has not yet happened (2:1-2)<br> * Instruction about the events that will precede the return of Christ (2:3-12)<br>1. Paul’s confidence that God will save the Thessalonian Christians<br> * His call to “stand firm” (2:13-15)<br> * His prayer that God will comfort them (2:16-17)<br>1. Paul requests that the Thessalonian believers pray for him (3:1-5)<br>1. Paul give commands about idle believers (3:6-15)<br>1. Closing (3:16-17)<br><br>### Who wrote 2 Thessalonians?<br><br>Paul wrote 2 Thessalonians. He was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.<br><br>Paul wrote this letter while staying in the city of Corinth.<br><br>### What is the Book of 2 Thessalonians about?<br><br>Paul wrote this letter to the believers in the city of Thessalonica. He encouraged the believers because they were being persecuted. He told them to continue living in a way that pleased God. And he wanted to teach them again about Christ’s return.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “2 Thessalonians” or “Second Thessalonians.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “Paul’s Second Letter to the Church in Thessalonica,” or “The Second Letter to the Christians in Thessalonica.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What is the “second coming” of Jesus?<br><br>Paul wrote much in this letter about Jesus’ eventual return to Earth. When Jesus returns, he will judge all mankind. He will also rule over creation. And he will cause there to be peace everywhere. Paul also explained that a “man of lawlessness” will come before Christ’s return. This person will obey Satan and cause many people to oppose God. But Jesus will destroy this person when he returns.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What did Paul mean by the expression “in Christ,” “in the Lord,” etc.?<br><br>Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression.<br><br>### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 2 Thessalonians?<br><br>For the following verses, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULT text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.<br>* “and the man of lawlessness is revealed” (2:3). The ULT, UST, and most modern versions read this way. Older versions have, “and the man of sin is revealed.”<br>* “For God chose you as the firstfruits for salvation” (2:13) The ULT, UST, and some other versions read this way. Other versions have, “For God chose you from the first for salvation.”<br><br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) | |||
| 3 | 2TH | 1 | intro | m987 | 0 | # 2 Thessalonians 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Verses 1-2 formally introduce this letter. Letters in the ancient Near East commonly had introductions of this type.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. A paradox occurs in verses 4-5: “We talk about your patience and faith in all your persecutions. We talk about the afflictions that you endure. This is a sign of God’s righteous judgment.” People would not normally think that believing in God while being persecuted is a sign of God’s righteous judgment. But in verses 5-10, Paul explains how God will reward those who believe in him and how he will judge those who afflict them. ([2 Thessalonians 1:4-5](./04.md)) | |||
| 4 | 2TH | 1 | 1 | b6vf | 0 | General Information: | Paul is the author of this letter, but he includes Silvanus and Timothy as senders of the letter. He begins by greeting the church at Thessalonica. | ||
| 5 | 2TH | 1 | 1 | nrxt | figs-exclusive | 0 | General Information: | The words “we” and “us” refer to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, unless otherwise noted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
| 6 | 2TH | 1 | 1 | x4lj | figs-you | 0 | General Information: | The word “you” is plural and refers to the believers at the church of Thessalonica. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 7 | 2TH | 1 | 1 | hm3e | Σιλουανὸς | 1 | Silvanus | **Silvanus** is the Latin form of “Silas.” He is the same person listed in the book of Acts as Paul’s fellow traveler. | |
| 8 | 2TH | 1 | 2 | g6rb | χάρις ὑμῖν | 1 | Grace to you | Paul commonly uses this greeting in his letters. | |
| 9 | 2TH | 1 | 3 | m6z5 | 0 | General Information: | Paul gives thanks for the believers in Thessalonica. | ||
| 10 | 2TH | 1 | 3 | ea59 | figs-hyperbole | εὐχαριστεῖν ὀφείλομεν τῷ Θεῷ πάντοτε | 1 | We ought always to give thanks to God | Paul uses **always** as a generalization meaning “often” or “regularly.” The sentence emphasizes the greatness of what God is doing in the lives of the Thessalonian believers. Alternate translation: “We should often give thanks to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 11 | 2TH | 1 | 3 | h6t9 | figs-gendernotations | ἀδελφοί | 1 | brothers | Here, **brothers** means fellow Christians, including both men and women. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 12 | 2TH | 1 | 3 | u3m8 | καθὼς ἄξιόν ἐστιν | 1 | just as it is fitting | “for it is the right thing to do” | |
| 13 | 2TH | 1 | 3 | xy7k | πλεονάζει ἡ ἀγάπη ἑνὸς ἑκάστου, πάντων ὑμῶν, εἰς ἀλλήλους | 1 | the love of each one of you all for one another is increasing | “you sincerely love one another more and more” | |
| 14 | 2TH | 1 | 3 | bmn6 | ἀλλήλους | 1 | one another | Here, **one another** means fellow Christians. | |
| 15 | 2TH | 1 | 4 | kx1n | figs-rpronouns | αὐτοὺς ἡμᾶς | 1 | we ourselves | Here, **ourselves** is used to emphasize Paul’s boasting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) |
| 16 | 2TH | 1 | 5 | dad9 | figs-activepassive | εἰς τὸ καταξιωθῆναι ὑμᾶς τῆς Βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | for you to be considered worthy of the kingdom of God | You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that God will consider you worthy to be part of his kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 17 | 2TH | 1 | 6 | wrg2 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | As Paul continues, he talks about God being just. | ||
| 18 | 2TH | 1 | 6 | cxx1 | εἴπερ δίκαιον παρὰ Θεῷ | 1 | if indeed it is righteous for God | “for God is certainly right” or “because God is just” | |
| 19 | 2TH | 1 | 6 | id3i | figs-metaphor | παρὰ Θεῷ, ἀνταποδοῦναι τοῖς θλίβουσιν ὑμᾶς θλῖψιν | 1 | for God to return affliction to those who are afflicting you | Here, **to return** is a metaphor that means to cause someone to experience the same thing they did to someone else. Alternate translation: “for God to afflict those who are afflicting you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 20 | 2TH | 1 | 7 | hxy2 | figs-metaphor | καὶ ὑμῖν…ἄνεσιν | 1 | and relief to you | These words continue the description of what God is right “to return” to people (verse 6). This is a metaphor that means to cause someone to experience the same thing they did to someone else. Alternate translation: “and to relieve you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 21 | 2TH | 1 | 7 | lu43 | figs-ellipsis | ὑμῖν…ἄνεσιν | 1 | relief to you | You can make it explicit that God is the one who provides relief. Alternate translation: “for God to provide relief to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 22 | 2TH | 1 | 7 | yix7 | ἀγγέλων δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ | 1 | his mighty angels | “his powerful angels” | |
| 23 | 2TH | 1 | 8 | y3uv | ἐν πυρὶ φλογός διδόντος ἐκδίκησιν τοῖς μὴ εἰδόσι Θεὸν | 1 | in flaming fire taking vengeance on those who have not known God | “he will punish with blazing fire those who do not know God” or “then with blazing fire he will punish those who do not know God” | |
| 24 | 2TH | 1 | 9 | plw5 | figs-activepassive | οἵτινες δίκην τίσουσιν ὄλεθρον αἰώνιον | 1 | who will pay the penalty—eternal destruction | Here, **who** refers to the people who do not obey the gospel. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the Lord will punish them with eternal destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 25 | 2TH | 1 | 10 | ugk9 | ὅταν ἔλθῃ…ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ | 1 | when he comes on that day | Here, **that day** is the day when Jesus will return to the world. | |
| 26 | 2TH | 1 | 10 | bi2u | figs-activepassive | ἐνδοξασθῆναι ἐν τοῖς ἁγίοις αὐτοῦ, καὶ θαυμασθῆναι ἐν πᾶσιν τοῖς πιστεύσασιν | 1 | to be glorified by his saints and to be marveled at by all those who have believed | You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “when his people will glorify him and all those who believed will stand in awe of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 27 | 2TH | 1 | 11 | ik19 | figs-hyperbole | καὶ προσευχόμεθα πάντοτε περὶ ὑμῶν | 1 | we also pray always for you | Paul is using **always** as an exaggeration in order to emphasize how often he prays for them. Alternate translation: “we also pray regularly for you” or “we continue to pray for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 28 | 2TH | 1 | 11 | hiv9 | τῆς κλήσεως | 1 | of your calling | Here, **calling** refers to God appointing or choosing people to be his children and servants, and to proclaim his message of salvation through Jesus. | |
| 29 | 2TH | 1 | 11 | r8gk | πληρώσῃ πᾶσαν εὐδοκίαν ἀγαθωσύνης | 1 | he may fulfill every desire of goodness | “he would make you able to do good in every way that you desire” | |
| 30 | 2TH | 1 | 12 | q994 | figs-activepassive | ὅπως ἐνδοξασθῇ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ, ἐν ὑμῖν | 1 | so that the name of our Lord Jesus might be glorified in you | You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “so that you would glorify the name of our Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 31 | 2TH | 1 | 12 | pg2i | figs-activepassive | καὶ ὑμεῖς ἐν αὐτῷ | 1 | and you in him | You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “and Jesus will glorify you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 32 | 2TH | 1 | 12 | z8k9 | κατὰ τὴν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν | 1 | according to the grace of our God | “because of God’s grace” | |
| 33 | 2TH | 2 | intro | jq9r | 0 | # 2 Thessalonians 2 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “Being gathered together to be with him”<br><br>This passage refers to a time when Jesus calls to himself those who have believed in him. Scholars differ on whether or not this refers to Christ’s final glorious return. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br><br>### Man of lawlessness<br><br>This is the same as “son of destruction” and “lawless one” in this chapter. Paul associates him with Satan actively working in the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]])<br><br>### Sits in the temple of God<br><br>Paul could be referring to the Jerusalem temple that the Romans destroyed several years after he wrote this letter. Or he could be referring to a future physical temple, or to the church as the spiritual temple of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |||
| 34 | 2TH | 2 | 1 | r36t | 0 | General Information: | Paul exhorts believers not to be deceived about the day Jesus will come back. | ||
| 35 | 2TH | 2 | 1 | q1uq | δὲ | 1 | Now | The word **Now** marks a change of topic in Paul’s instructions. | |
| 36 | 2TH | 2 | 1 | cvg5 | figs-gendernotations | ἀδελφοί | 1 | brothers | Here, **brothers** means fellow Christians, including both men and women. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 37 | 2TH | 2 | 2 | b8b2 | εἰς τὸ μὴ ταχέως σαλευθῆναι ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ νοὸς, μηδὲ θροεῖσθαι | 1 | for you not to be quickly shaken in your mind nor to be troubled | “so that you do not easily let yourselves be disturbed in your thinking” | |
| 38 | 2TH | 2 | 2 | d334 | διὰ πνεύματος, μήτε διὰ λόγου, μήτε δι’ ἐπιστολῆς, ὡς δι’ ἡμῶν | 1 | by a spirit, nor by a word, nor by a letter as if from us | “by a spirit or a spoken word or by written letter that pretends to be coming from us” | |
| 39 | 2TH | 2 | 2 | k4dk | ὡς ὅτι | 1 | as if that | “saying that” | |
| 40 | 2TH | 2 | 2 | ib6m | ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ Κυρίου | 1 | the day of the Lord | Here, **the day of the Lord** refers to the time when Jesus will come back to the earth for all believers. | |
| 41 | 2TH | 2 | 3 | l9c5 | 0 | General Information: | Paul teaches about the man of lawlessness. | ||
| 42 | 2TH | 2 | 3 | ej66 | μὴ ἔλθῃ | 1 | it may not come | “the day of the Lord will not come” | |
| 43 | 2TH | 2 | 3 | y7ch | ἡ ἀποστασία | 1 | the apostacy | Here, **the apostacy** refers to a future time when many people will turn away from God. | |
| 44 | 2TH | 2 | 3 | e86v | figs-activepassive | ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας | 1 | the man of lawlessness may be revealed | You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God reveals the man of lawlessness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 45 | 2TH | 2 | 3 | tkg9 | figs-metaphor | ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας | 1 | the son of destruction | Paul speaks of **destruction** as a person who bore a **son** whose goal is to totally destroy everything. Alternate translation: “the one who destroys everything he can” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 46 | 2TH | 2 | 4 | t485 | figs-activepassive | πάντα λεγόμενον θεὸν ἢ σέβασμα | 1 | everything being called god or an object of worship | You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “everything that people consider to be God or everything that people worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 47 | 2TH | 2 | 4 | wj33 | ἀποδεικνύντα ἑαυτὸν ὅτι ἔστιν Θεός | 1 | showing that he himself is God | “showing himself as God” | |
| 48 | 2TH | 2 | 5 | rsz1 | figs-rquestion | οὐ μνημονεύετε…ταῦτα | 1 | Do you not remember … these things? | Paul uses a rhetorical question to remind them of his teaching when he was with them previously. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am sure you remember … these things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 49 | 2TH | 2 | 5 | lkk7 | ταῦτα | 1 | these things | Here, **these things** refers to the return of Jesus, the day of the Lord, and the man of lawlessness. | |
| 50 | 2TH | 2 | 6 | ask4 | figs-activepassive | τὸ ἀποκαλυφθῆναι αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ αὐτοῦ καιρῷ | 1 | he is revealed in his time | You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will reveal the man of lawlessness when the time is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 51 | 2TH | 2 | 7 | si9i | μυστήριον…τῆς ἀνομίας | 1 | mystery of lawlessness | Here, **the mystery of lawlessness** refers to a sacred secret that only God knows. | |
| 52 | 2TH | 2 | 7 | fcu7 | ὁ κατέχων | 1 | the one who restrains him | To restrain someone is to hold them back or to keep them from doing what they want to do. | |
| 53 | 2TH | 2 | 8 | hn67 | figs-activepassive | καὶ τότε ἀποκαλυφθήσεται ὁ ἄνομος | 1 | and then the lawless one will be revealed | You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “and then God will allow the lawless one to show himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 54 | 2TH | 2 | 8 | vay9 | figs-metonymy | τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ | 1 | with the breath of his mouth | Here, **breath** represents the power of God. Alternate translation: “by the power of his spoken word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 55 | 2TH | 2 | 8 | hy3y | καὶ καταργήσει τῇ ἐπιφανείᾳ τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ | 1 | and will bring to nothing by the appearance of his coming | When Jesus returns to earth and shows himself, he will defeat the **lawless one**. | |
| 56 | 2TH | 2 | 9 | bd5m | ἐν πάσῃ δυνάμει, καὶ σημείοις, καὶ τέρασιν ψεύδους | 1 | with all power, and signs, and false wonders | “with all kinds of power, and signs, and false wonders” | |
| 57 | 2TH | 2 | 10 | tf75 | ἐν πάσῃ ἀπάτῃ ἀδικίας | 1 | in all deceit of unrighteousness | This person will use every sort of evil to deceive people to believe in him instead of God. | |
| 58 | 2TH | 2 | 10 | v366 | τοῖς ἀπολλυμένοις | 1 | to those who are perishing | This man who is given power by Satan will deceive everyone who did not believe in Jesus. | |
| 59 | 2TH | 2 | 10 | pf48 | ἀπολλυμένοις | 1 | who are perishing | Here, **perishing** has the concept of everlasting or eternal destruction. | |
| 60 | 2TH | 2 | 11 | sj1v | διὰ τοῦτο | 1 | because of this | “because the people do not love the truth” | |
| 61 | 2TH | 2 | 11 | en8e | figs-metaphor | πέμπει αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεὸς ἐνέργειαν πλάνης, εἰς τὸ πιστεῦσαι αὐτοὺς τῷ ψεύδει | 1 | God is sending them a working of error for them to believe the lie | Paul is speaking of **God** allowing something to happen to people as if he is **sending them** something. Alternate translation: “God is allowing the man of lawlessness to deceive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 62 | 2TH | 2 | 12 | d63e | figs-activepassive | κριθῶσιν πάντες | 1 | they might all be judged | You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will judge all of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 63 | 2TH | 2 | 12 | pkw8 | οἱ μὴ πιστεύσαντες τῇ ἀληθείᾳ, ἀλλὰ εὐδοκήσαντες τῇ ἀδικίᾳ | 1 | those who have not believed the truth, but have taken pleasure in unrighteousness | “those who took pleasure in unrighteousness because they did not believe the truth” | |
| 64 | 2TH | 2 | 13 | bcd5 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul now changes topics. | ||
| 65 | 2TH | 2 | 13 | b3hh | δὲ | 1 | Now | Paul here uses the word **Now** to mark a change in topic. You can use a natural way in your language to indicate/show that this is a new section. | |
| 66 | 2TH | 2 | 13 | m418 | ἡμεῖς…ὀφείλομεν | 1 | we ought | Here, **we** refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy. If you have exclusive and inclusive first person pronouns in your language, this should be an exclusive pronoun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] | |
| 67 | 2TH | 2 | 13 | ia4x | figs-activepassive | ἀδελφοὶ ἠγαπημένοι ὑπὸ Κυρίου | 1 | brothers having been loved by the Lord | If your language does not use this passive form, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “for the Lord loves you, brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 68 | 2TH | 2 | 13 | v15j | figs-gendernotations | ἀδελφοὶ | 1 | brothers | Here, **brothers** means fellow Christians, including both men and women. If your readers understand that it is addressed only to men, you may need to use both the masculine and the feminine forms of that word in your language. If you use a non-figurative word such as “believers”, see that both the genders are addressed.Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 69 | 2TH | 2 | 13 | bpqn | figs-abstractnouns | ἀπαρχὴν εἰς σωτηρίαν ἐν ἁγιασμῷ Πνεύματος καὶ πίστει ἀληθείας | 1 | as firstfruits for salvation in sanctification of the Spirit and belief in the truth | You can change the abstract nouns **salvation**, **sanctification**, **belief**, and **truth** into verbal forms. Alternate translation: “to be among the first people who believe what is true, and whom God has saved and set apart for himself by his Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 70 | 2TH | 2 | 14 | e0gy | figs-ellipsis | 1 | Here, the phrase “through our gospel” does not mean that it is Paul's gospel. It refers to the gospel that Paul and his companions preached. Alternate translation: “by means of the gospel preached to you” OR “through the gospel that we preached to you”. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | ||
| 71 | 2TH | 2 | 14 | thmh | figs-explicit | 1 | The phrase “to the acquiring of the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ” does not mean that we will take over or dividing up the glory of Jesus Christ. It means that the believers will share in Christ's glory. Alternate translation: “you might share in the glory” or “you might receive glory like our Lord Jesus Christ“ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | ||
| 72 | 2TH | 2 | 15 | u9ss | ἄρα οὖν, ἀδελφοί, στήκετε | 1 | So then, brothers, stand firm | Paul exhorts the believers to hold fast to their faith in Jesus. | |
| 73 | 2TH | 2 | 15 | l4vr | figs-metaphor | κρατεῖτε τὰς παραδόσεις | 1 | hold tight to the traditions | Here, **teachings** refers to the truths of Christ that Paul and the other apostles taught. Paul speaks of them as if his readers could hold on to them with their hands. Alternate translation: “do not give up believing those truths” or “continue to believe the true teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 74 | 2TH | 2 | 15 | whp8 | figs-activepassive | ἐδιδάχθητε | 1 | you were taught | If your language does not use this passive form, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “we have taught you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 75 | 2TH | 2 | 15 | z2vs | figs-synecdoche | εἴτε διὰ λόγου, εἴτε δι’ ἐπιστολῆς ἡμῶν | 1 | whether by word or by our letter | Here, **by word** is a synecdoche which means that Paul was present there teaching them personally. Alternate translation: “when we were with you” or “when we were talking to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 76 | 2TH | 2 | 15 | jrg4 | figs-explicit | εἴτε διὰ λόγου, εἴτε δι’ ἐπιστολῆς ἡμῶν | 1 | whether by word or by our letter | You can make clear the implicit information that **by word** means to speak to them personally. Alternate translation: “whether by what we taught you in person or by what we wrote to you in a letter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 77 | 2TH | 2 | 16 | njk1 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul ends with a blessing from God. | ||
| 78 | 2TH | 2 | 16 | g8m1 | δὲ | 1 | Now | Paul here uses the word **Now** to mark a change in topic. | |
| 79 | 2TH | 2 | 16 | yge9 | figs-inclusive | ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν…ὁ ἀγαπήσας ἡμᾶς καὶ δοὺς | 1 | our Lord … who loved us and gave us | The words **our** and **us** refer to all believers including the writers. If you have exclusive and inclusive first person plural pronouns in your language, this should be an inclusive pronoun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) |
| 80 | 2TH | 2 | 16 | cm54 | figs-rpronouns | αὐτὸς…Κύριος ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς | 1 | our Lord Jesus Christ himself | Here, **himself** gives additional emphasis to the phrase **Lord Jesus Christ.** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) |
| 81 | 2TH | 2 | 17 | x3rr | figs-metonymy | παρακαλέσαι ὑμῶν τὰς καρδίας, καὶ στηρίξαι | 1 | may he comfort and strengthen your hearts | Here, **hearts** represents the seat of emotions. If hearts is not the seat of emotions in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “may he comfort you and strengthen you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 82 | 2TH | 2 | 17 | yw5f | figs-synecdoche | παντὶ ἔργῳ καὶ λόγῳ ἀγαθῷ | 1 | every good work and word | The phrase “work and word“ can be better expressed in verbs to make it more clear. Alternative translation: “every good thing you do and say” or “you will do and say everything that is good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 83 | 2TH | 3 | intro | b8hk | 0 | # 2 Thessalonians 3 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Idle and lazy persons<br><br>In Thessalonica, there apparently was a problem with people in the church who were able to work but refused to do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### What should you do if your brother sins?<br><br>In this chapter, Paul teaches that Christians need to live in a way that honors God. Christians should also encourage one another and hold each other accountable for what they do. The church is also responsible for encouraging believers to repent if they sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) | |||
| 84 | 2TH | 3 | 1 | k33i | 0 | General Information: | Paul asks the believers to pray for him and his companions. | ||
| 85 | 2TH | 3 | 1 | jy75 | τὸ λοιπὸν | 1 | Finally | Paul uses the word **Finally** to mark a change in topic. This is not the final instructions that were given by Paul but it means that he is now saying about the remaining matters that were not discussed before. This can also be translated as “one more thing” or “So, continuing on.” | |
| 86 | 2TH | 3 | 1 | m1s5 | figs-gendernotations | ἀδελφοί | 1 | brothers | Here, **brothers** means fellow Christians, including both men and women. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 87 | 2TH | 3 | 1 | v8k2 | figs-exclusive | 1 | The pronoun **us** refers to Paul and his companions. If you have exclusive and inclusive first person pronouns in your language, this should be an exclusive pronoun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | ||
| 88 | 2TH | 3 | 1 | r54v | figs-metaphor | ἵνα ὁ λόγος τοῦ Κυρίου τρέχῃ καὶ δοξάζηται, καθὼς καὶ πρὸς ὑμᾶς | 1 | so that the word of the Lord might run and might be glorified, just as also with you | Paul speaks of God’s **word** spreading as if it were running from place to place. He is comparing the rapid spread of God's word to a person who takes good news to others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 89 | 2TH | 3 | 1 | yvkm | figs-activepassive | ἵνα ὁ λόγος τοῦ Κυρίου τρέχῃ καὶ δοξάζηται, καθὼς καὶ πρὸς ὑμᾶς | 1 | so that the word of the Lord might run and might be glorified, just as also with you | You can state this in active form, if passive construction is not natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that more and more people will soon hear our message about our Lord Jesus and honor it, as happened with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 90 | 2TH | 3 | 2 | xg2h | figs-activepassive | ῥυσθῶμεν | 1 | we might be rescued | You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God may save us” or “God may rescue us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 91 | 2TH | 3 | 2 | h11p | figs-doublet | 1 | These two terms mean basically the same thing. If your language does not use repetition to do this or if you do not have two words for these attributes, you could use one phrase and provide emphasis in another way. A qualifier like “very” can be used as an equivalent. Alternate translation: “very wicked men.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | ||
| 92 | 2TH | 3 | 2 | p1ct | figs-litotes | οὐ γὰρ πάντων ἡ πίστις | 1 | for not everyone has faith | **not everyone** is not negative but it means “some people.” If this is confusing in your language, you can express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “for only some people believe in the Lord” or “for many people do not believe in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
| 93 | 2TH | 3 | 3 | yx9g | figs-explicit | ὃς στηρίξει | 1 | who will strengthen | strengthen here does not mean the physical strength but spiritual. This can be made clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “he will strengthen you inwardly” or “he can make you strong spiritually”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 94 | 2TH | 3 | 3 | p91k | τοῦ πονηροῦ | 1 | the evil one | “Satan” | |
| 95 | 2TH | 3 | 4 | xk85 | figs-nominaladj | πεποίθαμεν | 1 | we are confident | Here, the phrase “we are confident” may be confusing in some languages. If that is the case in your language, you could translate this as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “we have faith” or “we trust” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 96 | 2TH | 3 | 5 | giz4 | figs-metonymy | ὁ…Κύριος κατευθύναι ὑμῶν τὰς καρδίας | 1 | may the Lord direct your hearts | Here, **hearts** is a metonym for a person’s thoughts or mind. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “may the Lord cause you to understand” or “may the Lord help you to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 97 | 2TH | 3 | 5 | wre3 | figs-metaphor | εἰς τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ εἰς τὴν ὑπομονὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ | 1 | to the love of God and to the endurance of Christ | Paul speaks of God’s **love** and Christ’s **endurance** as if they were destinations on a path. If your readers would not understand, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “to know how much God loves you and how much Christ has endured for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 98 | 2TH | 3 | 6 | mst3 | 0 | General Information: | Paul gives the believers some final instructions about working and not being idle. | ||
| 99 | 2TH | 3 | 6 | v33v | δὲ | 1 | Now | Paul here uses the word **Now** to mark a change in topic. | |
| 100 | 2TH | 3 | 6 | x9l8 | figs-gendernotations | ἀδελφοί | 1 | brothers | Here, **brothers** means fellow Christians, including both men and women. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 101 | 2TH | 3 | 6 | y4a9 | figs-metonymy | ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | 1 | in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ | Here, **name** is a metonymy for the person of Jesus Christ. It can also mean “with the authority of.” If using this term figuratively is not clear in your language, you can express it directly. Alternate translation: “as if our Lord Jesus Christ himself were speaking” or “with the authority that our Lord Jesus Christ has given us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 102 | 2TH | 3 | 6 | jvw1 | figs-inclusive | τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν | 1 | of our Lord | Here, **our** refers to all believers. If you have exclusive and inclusive first person plural pronouns in your language, this should be an inclusive pronoun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) |
| 103 | 2TH | 3 | 7 | h222 | figs-explicit | μιμεῖσθαι ἡμᾶς | 1 | to imitate us | **to imitate** may be a difficult word to translate in your language. In that case, you can make this explicit. Alternate translation: “to act the way that my fellow workers and I act” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 104 | 2TH | 3 | 7 | b1i1 | figs-doublenegatives | οὐκ ἠτακτήσαμεν ἐν ὑμῖν | 1 | we did not behave disorderly among you | Paul uses a double negative to emphasize the positive. If this double negative would be misunderstood in your language, you could translate it as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “we lived among you as those who had much discipline” or ”we were not lazy when we were with you“ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 105 | 2TH | 3 | 8 | d9h1 | figs-merism | νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας ἐργαζόμενοι | 1 | working night and day | Here, **night and day** are a merism and they mean “all the time.” Alternate translation: “working during the night and during the day” or “working all the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) |
| 106 | 2TH | 3 | 8 | w8fq | figs-doublet | ἐν κόπῳ καὶ μόχθῳ | 1 | in toil and hardship | Paul emphasizes how hard his circumstances were. The word **toil** implies work that requires great effort. The word **hardship** implies they endured pain and suffering. Alternate translation: “in very difficult circumstances” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 107 | 2TH | 3 | 9 | sn3k | figs-doublenegatives | οὐχ ὅτι οὐκ ἔχομεν ἐξουσίαν, ἀλλ’ | 1 | not because we do not have authority, but | Paul uses a double negative to emphasize the positive. You can state this as a positive. Alternate translation: “and we certainly have the right to receive food from you, but instead we worked for our food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 108 | 2TH | 3 | 10 | c652 | figs-doublenegatives | εἴ τις οὐ θέλει ἐργάζεσθαι, μηδὲ ἐσθιέτω | 1 | If anyone is not willing to work, do not even let him eat | You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “If a person wants to eat, he must work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 109 | 2TH | 3 | 11 | ey6c | figs-metaphor | τινας περιπατοῦντας…ἀτάκτως | 1 | some who are walking idly | Here, **walking** stands for behavior in life. Alternate translation: “some who are living idle lives” or “some who are being lazy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 110 | 2TH | 3 | 11 | iv1z | ἀλλὰ περιεργαζομένους | 1 | but meddling | Meddlers are people who interfere in the affairs of others without being asked to help. | |
| 111 | 2TH | 3 | 12 | bm6z | μετὰ ἡσυχίας | 1 | with quietness | Paul exhorts the meddlers to stop getting involved in other people’s affairs. Alternate translation: “in a quiet, peaceful, and mild manner” | |
| 112 | 2TH | 3 | 13 | jx8t | δέ | 1 | But | Paul here uses the word **But** to contrast the lazy believers with the hardworking believers. | |
| 113 | 2TH | 3 | 13 | e59v | figs-you | ὑμεῖς | 1 | you | The word **you** refers to all the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 114 | 2TH | 3 | 13 | usu9 | figs-gendernotations | ἀδελφοί | 1 | brothers | Here, **brothers** means fellow Christians, including both men and women. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 115 | 2TH | 3 | 14 | mzs4 | εἰ…τις οὐχ ὑπακούει τῷ λόγῳ ἡμῶν | 1 | if anyone does not obey our word | “if anyone does not obey our instructions” | |
| 116 | 2TH | 3 | 14 | nv3v | figs-idiom | τοῦτον σημειοῦσθε | 1 | note this one | Paul wants the Thessalonians to notice who this person is. Alternate translation: “publicly identify that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 117 | 2TH | 3 | 14 | y552 | ἵνα ἐντραπῇ | 1 | so that he may be put to shame | Paul instructs believers to shun lazy believers as a disciplinary action. | |
| 118 | 2TH | 3 | 16 | nef4 | 0 | General Information: | Paul makes closing remarks to the believers at Thessalonica. | ||
| 119 | 2TH | 3 | 16 | whb9 | figs-explicit | αὐτὸς…ὁ Κύριος τῆς εἰρήνης, δῴη ὑμῖν | 1 | may the Lord of peace himself give you | You can make explicit that this is Paul’s prayer for the Thessalonians. Alternate translation: “I pray that the Lord of peace himself gives you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 120 | 2TH | 3 | 16 | zl1s | figs-rpronouns | αὐτὸς…ὁ Κύριος τῆς εἰρήνης | 1 | the Lord of peace himself | Here, **himself** emphasizes that the Lord will personally give peace to believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) |
| 121 | 2TH | 3 | 17 | c2cb | ὁ ἀσπασμὸς τῇ ἐμῇ χειρὶ, Παύλου, ὅ ἐστιν σημεῖον ἐν πάσῃ ἐπιστολῇ, οὕτως γράφω | 1 | This greeting is in my own hand—Paul—which is a sign in every letter. In this manner I write | “I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand, which I do in every letter, as a sign that this letter is truly from me” | |
| 122 | 2TH | 3 | 17 | wg3f | οὕτως γράφω | 1 | In this manner I write | Paul makes it clear that this letter is from him and is not a forgery. |