Reference	ID	Tags	SupportReference	Quote	Occurrence	Note
front:intro	s7fk				0	# Introduction to 2 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of the book of 2 Timothy\n\n1. Paul greets Timothy and encourages him to endure hardship as he serves God (1:1–2:13).\n2. Paul gives general instructions to Timothy (2:14–26).\n3. Paul warns Timothy about future events and instructs him about how to carry out his service to God (3:1–4:8).\n4. Paul makes personal remarks (4:9–22).\n\n### Who wrote the book of 2 Timothy?\n\nPaul wrote 2 Timothy. He was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.\n\nThis book is the second letter Paul wrote to Timothy. Timothy was his disciple and close friend. Paul wrote this letter while in prison in Rome. Paul would die soon after writing this letter.\n\n### What is the book of 2 Timothy about?\n\nPaul had left Timothy in the city of Ephesus to help the believers there. Paul wrote this letter to instruct Timothy about various matters. The topics he addressed include warnings about false teachers and advice about enduring difficult situations. This letter also shows how Paul was training Timothy to be a leader among the churches.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nTranslators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “2 Timothy” or “Second Timothy.” Or they may choose a different title, such as “Paul’s Second Letter to Timothy” or “The Second Letter to Timothy.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What is the soldier imagery in 2 Timothy?\n\nAs Paul waited in prison, knowing he would die soon, he spoke of being a soldier of Jesus Christ. Soldiers have to obey to their leaders. In the same way, Christians have to obey Jesus. As “soldiers” of Christ, believers are to obey his commands, even if they die as a result.\n\n### What does it mean that God inspired Scripture?\n\nGod is the true author of Scripture. He inspired the human authors who wrote the books. That means God in some way caused the people to write what they wrote. This is why the Bible is also referred to as God’s word. This implies several things about it. First, everything that the Bible teaches is free from error and can be trusted. Second, God will always preserve his Scripture for every generation of people. Third, God’s word should be translated into all the world’s languages.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Singular and plural “you”\n\nIn this book, the word “I” refers to Paul. Here the word “you” is almost always singular and refers to Timothy. The exception to this is 4:22. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])\n\n### Inclusive and exclusive “we” and “us”\n\nIn this book, “we” and “us” include the writer, Paul, the recipient, Timothy, and all believers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])\n\n### What did Paul mean by the expressions “in Christ,” “in the Lord,” etc.?\n\nPaul meant to express the idea of a very close union between Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression.\n\n### What are the major textual issues in the text of the book of 2 Timothy?\n\nFor the following verses, the oldest Greek manuscripts differ from later Greek manuscripts. Modern translations may also differ depending on the Greek manuscript that they translate from. The ULT text translates the Greek from the oldest manuscripts, and puts the differences from later manuscripts in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible already exists in the general region, translators should consider following the decision in that translation. If not, translators are advised to follow the oldest Greek manuscripts as reflected in the ULT text.\n* “Because of this, I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher” (1:11). Some later manuscripts read, “Because of this, I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher to the Gentiles.”\n* “Warn them before God” (2:14). Some later manuscripts read, “Warn them before the Lord.”\n\n(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
1:intro	p5lf				0	# 2 Timothy 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nPaul formally introduces this letter in verses 1–2. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Spiritual children\n\nPaul discipled Timothy as a Christian and a church leader. Paul may also have led him to believe in Christ. Therefore, Paul calls Timothy “beloved child.” So even though Paul was not Timothy’s father, Paul speaks of his relationship with Timothy as that of a father and son in a spiritual sense. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Persecution\n\nPaul was in prison when he wrote this letter. Paul encourages Timothy to be willing to suffer for the gospel.
1:1	ha4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Παῦλος, ἀπόστολος	1	In this culture, letter writers would give their own names first, referring to themselves in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person here. Or if your language has a particular way of introducing the author of a letter, and if it would be helpful to your readers, you could use it here. Alternate translation: “From Paul. I am an apostle”\n
1:1	vl2g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	διὰ θελήματος Θεοῦ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **will**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “because that is what God wanted” or “because of what God decided”
1:1	e1lg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κατ’	1	Here, the phrase **according to** could indicate: (1) that the purpose for which Paul is an **apostle** is to tell others about **the promise of life**. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of declaring” (2) that the reason why Paul is an **apostle** is **the promise of life**. Alternate translation: “because of” (3) that God’s **will** contains or includes **the promise of life**. Alternate translation: “which will contains”
1:1	o2st		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	ἐπαγγελίαν ζωῆς	1	Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe a **promise** that promises **life**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the promise that guarantees life”
1:1	m9kv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ζωῆς τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	Here Paul uses the spatial metaphor **in Christ Jesus** to describe **life** that can only be experienced when someone is in union with **Christ Jesus**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that indicates that this **life** can only be experienced when people are united to **Christ Jesus**. Alternate translation: “of life that is received in union with Christ Jesus” or “of life that is gained when people are united to Christ Jesus”
1:1	e201		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ζωῆς τῆς	1	Here Paul is referring to new, eternal **life** with God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of eternal life that is” or “of new life with God that is”
1:1	diuh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ζωῆς τῆς	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **life**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “about living forever, which people do”
1:2	rp5u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Τιμοθέῳ	1	In this culture, after giving their own names, letter writers would name those to whom they sent the letter, referring to them in the third person. If that is confusing in your language, you could use the second person here. Or if your language has a particular way of introducing the recipient of a letter, and if it would be helpful to your readers, you could use it here. Alternate translation: “This letter is for you, Timothy”\n
1:2	ey7g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀγαπητῷ τέκνῳ	1	Paul speaks of his close relationship to Timothy as though Timothy were his **beloved child**. Paul means that he is Timothy’s spiritual father, and Paul loves Timothy in the way a father loves his child. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who is like a beloved child to me” or “a beloved spiritual son”\n
1:2	e1cp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀγαπητῷ τέκνῳ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was Paul. Alternate translation: “child whom I love”
1:2	w43q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing	χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη, ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν	1	After stating his name and the name of the person to whom he is writing, Paul adds a blessing for Timothy. Use a form that people would recognize as a blessing in your language. Alternate translation: “May you experience grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord” or “I pray that grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord will always be with you”\n
1:2	p003		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **Grace**, **mercy**, and **peace**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “May you be treated graciously, mercifully, and peacefully by God the Father and by Christ Jesus our Lord”\n
1:2	ub7c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Θεοῦ Πατρὸς	1	**Father** is an important title for God the **Father** that describes his relationship with **Jesus**, his Son.\n
1:2	dcr3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	In this book, unless otherwise noted, the words **we**, **us**, and **our** refer to Paul (the writer of this letter), Timothy (the one to whom this letter is written), and, by extension, all believers.
1:3	p004		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	χάριν ἔχω	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **gratitude**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “I am grateful” or “I am thankful”\n
1:3	tvb7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ᾧ λατρεύω ἀπὸ προγόνων	1	Here Paul means that he serves God in the same way that his **ancestors** did. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “whom I serve in the way I received from my ancestors” or “whom my ancestors served and I serve as well”
1:3	ha9d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐν καθαρᾷ συνειδήσει	1	A **conscience** that is **clean** is one that does not convict a person of doing anything wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with a pure conscience” or “with a conscience that is not guilty”\n
1:3	rz7s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ὡς ἀδιάλειπτον ἔχω τὴν περὶ σοῦ μνείαν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **remembrance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “as I remember you constantly” or “as I think about you constantly”
1:3	p005		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σοῦ	1	The word **you** is singular here and throughout the book, since Paul is addressing Timothy. A note will discuss the one exception in [4:22](../04/22.md).
1:3	pa6q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας	1	Here, the phrase **night and day** indicates that Paul prays during both the day and the night. This means that he was praying very often every day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “during every day and every night”\n
1:4	p006		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μεμνημένος σου τῶν δακρύων	1	Here Paul implies that Timothy shed **tears** when Paul had to leave Timothy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “remembering your tears when we separated” or “remembering your tears when I said goodbye to you”
1:4	kk82		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	σου τῶν δακρύων	1	Here, the word **tears** represents the act of shedding **tears**, that is, crying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your weeping” or “your sadness”\n
1:4	gu8c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	χαρᾶς πληρωθῶ	1	Paul speaks of himself as if he were a container that could be **filled with joy**. He means that he will experience very much **joy**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I may have very much joy” or “I may rejoice a lot”
1:4	p007		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	χαρᾶς πληρωθῶ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “joy may fill me”
1:4	n24s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	χαρᾶς πληρωθῶ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **joy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “may become joyful”
1:5	ayl4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ὑπόμνησιν λαβὼν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **remembrance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “having remembered” or “having been reminded”
1:5	buc3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῆς ἐν σοὶ ἀνυποκρίτου πίστεως, ἥτις ἐνῴκησεν πρῶτον	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “that you sincerely believe, which was true first”
1:5	p008		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῆς ἐν σοὶ ἀνυποκρίτου πίστεως	1	Here Paul speaks of **faith** as if it were an object inside of Timothy. He means that Timothy truly has this **faith**, not that people are trusting in Timothy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of your genuine faith” or “of your faith that is genuine”
1:5	vgz2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	ἥτις ἐνῴκησεν πρῶτον ἐν τῇ μάμμῃ σου, Λωΐδι, καὶ τῇ μητρί σου, Εὐνίκῃ; πέπεισμαι δὲ ὅτι καὶ ἐν σοί	1	Here Paul speaks as if Timothy, **Lois**, and **Eunice** were houses that faith has **dwelt** in. He means that they all truly have faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “which your grandmother Lois and your mother Eunice had, and I am persuaded that you also have it”
1:5	p009		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship	τῇ μάμμῃ σου	1	Paul does not indicate whether this **grandmother** is the mother of Timothy’s father or mother. If you must specify, the connection with Timothy’s mother might imply that she was the mother of Timothy’s mother. Alternate translation: “your maternal grandmother”
1:5	l8wc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Λωΐδι & Εὐνίκῃ	1	The words **Lois** and **Eunice** are the names of women.
1:5	swa6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πέπεισμαι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I am sure” or “I am confident”
1:6	j58k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν	1	Here, the phrase **which reason** refers back to the fact of Timothy’s sincere faith (see [1:5](../01/05.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “because of which sincere faith”
1:6	h6eq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀναζωπυρεῖν τὸ χάρισμα	1	Here Paul speaks of Timothy’s **gift** as if it were a fire that he needed **to rekindle**. He could mean that: (1) Timothy needs to use his **gift** more than he has in the past. Alternate translation: “to make use even more of the gift” (2) Timothy needs to start using his **gift** again, with the implication being that he has stopped using it consistently. Alternate translation: “to be eager once more to use the gift”
1:6	p010		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸ χάρισμα τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἐν σοὶ	1	Paul speaks of Timothy as if he were a container that could hold **the gift of God**. He means that Timothy has this gift. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the gift of God that you have”\n
1:6	s6vb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ χάρισμα τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἐν σοὶ	1	Here Paul implies that this **gift** is a specific ability or skill that **God** had given Timothy for his ministry. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the skill that you have as a gift from God” or “the gift of God in you, your special ability,”\n
1:6	i977		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	διὰ τῆς ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν μου	1	Here Paul is speaking of a ceremony during which he put his **hands** on Timothy. When he did that, he was commissioning Timothy to use his gift and to proclaim the gospel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to a comparable action in your culture, or you could explain what this action means. Alternate translation: “through the laying on of my hands to commission you” or “once I authorized you by laying my hands on you”\n
1:7	u8vl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why Timothy should rekindle his gift ([1:6](../01/06.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for an exhortation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “You should do that because” or “I remind you of that because”
1:7	h1z3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πνεῦμα δειλίας, ἀλλὰ δυνάμεως, καὶ ἀγάπης, καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ	1	Here, the word **spirit** could refer to: (1) the **spirit** of a person, which refers to the inner life of a person, that is, how that person thinks, feels, and makes decisions. Alternate translation: “an attitude of fear but of power and of love and of disposition” or “a heart of fear but a heart of power and of love and of disciple” (2) the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit to make us cowardly but to make us powerful and loving and self-controlled”\n
1:7	p011		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	δειλίας, ἀλλὰ δυνάμεως, καὶ ἀγάπης, καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **fear**, **power**, **love**, and **self-control**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “that makes us cowardly but one that makes us powerful, loving, and self-controlled”\n
1:7	k6g7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	σωφρονισμοῦ	1	Here, the word **self-control** could refer to: (1) the ability to control or restrain one’s desires. Alternate translation: “of moderation” or “of personal restraint” (2) the ability to make wise decisions. Alternate translation: “of prudence” or “of clear thinking”
1:8	pjby		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Here, the word **Therefore** includes an exhortation that is based on what Paul said in the previous verse about having power, love, and self-control instead of fear. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces an exhortation based on a previous statement. Alternate translation: “So then” or “Because you have that spirit”
1:8	hlks		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	μὴ & ἐπαισχυνθῇς τὸ μαρτύριον τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, μηδὲ ἐμὲ, τὸν δέσμιον αὐτοῦ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “do not let the testimony of our Lord, nor me, his prisoner, shame you”
1:8	fk9z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὸ μαρτύριον τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν	1	Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe **testimony** that is about **our Lord**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the testimony concerning our Lord” or “testifying about our Lord”
1:8	blk9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὸν δέσμιον αὐτοῦ	1	Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe himself as a **prisoner** because of how he serves Jesus. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “a prisoner for his sake” or “a prisoner because I serve the Lord”
1:8	ry82		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	συνκακοπάθησον	1	Here, the phrase **suffer together** could indicate that Timothy should suffer with: (1) Paul. Alternate translation: “suffer together with me” (2) all Christians who suffer. Alternate translation: “suffer together with other believers”
1:8	xa86		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ	1	Here Paul implies that Timothy should be willing to suffer as he believes in and proclaims **the gospel**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “as you preach the gospel” or “for the sake of believing and proclaiming the gospel”
1:8	hi9a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	κατὰ δύναμιν Θεοῦ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **power**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “as God empowers you” or “which God will make you able to do”
1:9	ld55		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	κλήσει ἁγίᾳ	1	Here, the phrase **holy calling** could refer to: (1) the result of being called, which is to be **holy**. Alternate translation: “to be holy people” (2) the way in which God called, which is a **holy** way. Alternate translation: “with a holy calling” “by means of a holy calling”
1:9	lmas		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	οὐ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα ἡμῶν, ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἰδίαν πρόθεσιν καὶ χάριν, τὴν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **works**, **purpose**, or **grace**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “not according to the things we do, but according to what he decided ahead of time and graciously did, which he did for us”
1:9	kyr5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	κατὰ ἰδίαν πρόθεσιν καὶ χάριν	1	Here, the words **purpose** and **grace** could: (1) refer to two separate things **according to** which God saved and called believers. Alternate translation: “according to both his own purpose and his grace” (2) refer to one thing described with two words connected by **and**. This is called hendiadys. Alternate translation: “according to his own gracious purpose”\n
1:9	p012		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὴν δοθεῖσαν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “which God gave”
1:9	pq1z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων	1	Here Paul uses the spatial metaphor **in Christ Jesus** to describe the union of believers with **Christ Jesus**. In this case, being **in Christ Jesus**, or united to Christ, is the only way in which believers are given grace. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that indicates that the grace is given to believers as part of their union with **Christ Jesus**. Alternate translation: “before eternal times in union with Christ Jesus” or “before eternal times as part of being united to Christ Jesus”
1:9	zq7m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων	1	Here Paul is indicating that God did this **before** God made the world and before time began to be counted. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before time began” or “before God made anything”
1:10	p013		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	φανερωθεῖσαν δὲ νῦν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “which now God has revealed” or “which now God has allowed people to know”
1:10	h5e5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	διὰ τῆς ἐπιφανείας τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ	1	Here, the word **appearance** refers to when Jesus became a human being, lived on earth, died, and rose again. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “through how our Savior Christ Jesus became a man and lived, died, and rose again” or “through the incarnation of our Savior Christ Jesus”
1:10	r489		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	καταργήσαντος μὲν τὸν θάνατον	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “both having enabled dead people to be dead no longer”
1:10	i3wl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	φωτίσαντος δὲ ζωὴν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου	1	Here Paul speaks as if Jesus used **the gospel** to shine a **light** on **life and immortality**. He means that, by using **the gospel**, Jesus revealed how people can have **life and immortality**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and having taught us about life and immortality through the gospel” or “and having revealed life and immortality through the gospel”
1:10	a1n7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ζωὴν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **life** and **immortality**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “being able to live and be immortal”
1:10	l871		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	ζωὴν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν	1	The two words **life** and **immortality** express a single idea. The word **immortality** describes what kind of **life** Paul is speaking about. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning in a different way. Alternate translation: “immortal life”
1:10	y25j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ζωὴν	1	Here Paul is referring to new, eternal life with God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “eternal life” or “new life with God”
1:11	clpw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	εἰς ὃ	1	Here, the pronoun **which** refers back to “the gospel” in the previous verse. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to “the gospel” more directly. Alternate translation: “for which gospel”
1:11	tb9b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐτέθην ἐγὼ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God appointed me”\n
1:11	p014		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	κῆρυξ	1	A **herald** is someone who is sent out to announce a message. If your readers would not be familiar with a person who performs this kind of task, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translations: “an announcer” or “a messenger”\n
1:11	p015		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	διδάσκαλος	1	Many ancient manuscripts read **a teacher**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “a teacher of the Gentiles.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
1:12	j37g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν	1	Here, the phrase which reason refers back to the fact that Paul was appointed to be a herald, apostle, and teacher (see [1:11](../01/11.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “because of which appointment” or “and so”\n
1:12	y8l4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	καὶ ταῦτα πάσχω	1	Here Paul does not mention the specific **things** that he is suffering, but from the context of the letter, Timothy would have known that he was referring to suffering as a prisoner (see [2:9](../02/09.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I also suffer as a prisoner” or “I also suffer while I am in jail”
1:12	t22w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οὐκ ἐπαισχύνομαι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who would do the action, it is clear from the context that it would be the things that Paul is suffering. Alternate translation: “that does not shame me”
1:12	y2nj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ᾧ	1	The pronoun **whom** could refer: (1) to God generally. Alternate translation: “God, in whom” (2) to Jesus specifically. Alternate translation: “Jesus, in whom”
1:12	td39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πέπεισμαι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I am confident” or “I know”\n
1:12	hhu5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὴν παραθήκην μου φυλάξαι	1	Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe a **deposit** that could be: (1) something that Paul has entrusted to God. Alternate translation: “to guard the deposit from me” (2) something that God has entrusted to Paul. Alternate translation: “to guard the deposit given to me”
1:12	p6pi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὴν παραθήκην μου φυλάξαι	1	Here Paul speaks as if God were guarding a **deposit** of money or goods. He means that God will protect or preserve the **deposit**. What the **deposit** represents depends on what you chose in the previous note about who gave the **deposit** to whom. If the **deposit**: (1) was given by Paul to God, then it could represent Paul himself, the rewards he will receive, or his resurrection life. Alternate translation: “to protect my true life” or “to preserve me” (2) was given by God to Paul, then it could represent the gospel or Paul’s ministry. Alternate translation: “to protect the gospel given to me” or “to preserve my ministry”\n
1:12	qcu3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν	1	Here Paul is referring to the exact moment when Jesus will return to this world, which will also be the end of the current time period. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “that day when Jesus will return” or “Jesus’ second coming”\n
1:13	x27w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὑποτύπωσιν ἔχε	1	Here Paul indicates that he wants Timothy to maintain the basic form and content of the **healthy words**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Maintain the form” or “Preserve the core content”
1:13	h1qd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὑγιαινόντων λόγων	1	Here Paul speaks as if **words** could be **healthy**. He means that these **words** are good and reliable in every way and have no defect or corruption. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of words that are like healthy food” or “of correct words”\n
1:13	p016		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ὑγιαινόντων λόγων	1	Here, **words** represents things spoken using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of healthy statements” or “of healthy declarations”\n
1:13	p017		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐν πίστει καὶ ἀγάπῃ τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **faith** and **love**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “believing and loving, which you can do in Christ Jesus”\n
1:13	b2ld		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	Here, the phrase **in Christ Jesus** could describe: (1) both **faith** and **love**. Alternate translation: “that are both in Christ Jesus” (2) just **love**. Alternate translation: “that is in Christ Jesus”\n
1:13	ix6w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	Paul uses the spatial metaphor **in Christ Jesus** to describe the union of believers with Christ. In this case, being **in Christ Jesus**, or united to **Christ Jesus**, explains how Timothy can have **faith** and **love**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that indicates that Timothy can have **faith** and **love** as one who has been united to **Christ Jesus**. Alternate translation: “that are in union with Christ Jesus” or “that come from being united to Christ Jesus”\n
1:14	i5g5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν καλὴν παραθήκην φύλαξον	1	Here, the phrase **good deposit** refers to something that has been entrusted to Timothy and that he must **Guard**. More specifically, the **good deposit** is the gospel, which God entrusted to Timothy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “guard the good deposit of the gospel” or “guard the good gospel, which God entrusted to you,”\n
1:14	a3v2			διὰ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου	1	Alternate translation: “with the help of the Holy Spirit”
1:14	cb5q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τοῦ ἐνοικοῦντος ἐν ἡμῖν	1	Here Paul speaks as if believers were buildings that the **Holy Spirit** were **dwelling in**. He means that the Holy Spirit is with believers in a special way and empowers them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who is always with us as if he were dwelling in us” or “the one who is with us to give us power”
1:15	h6z2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo	οἶδας τοῦτο, ὅτι	1	Here, the word **this** refers directly ahead to the phrase **all the ones in Asia turned away from me**. Paul expresses the idea in this way because it was powerful in his language. If using the word **this** to refer to what someone is about to say would be redundant in your language, you could omit the redundant information and make the expression powerful in another way. Alternate translation: “You surely know that”\n
1:15	p018		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	πάντες οἱ ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ	1	Paul says **all** here as an overstatement to emphasize how many believers turned away from him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “most of the people who believe in Asia”
1:15	orui		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οἱ ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ	1	Here, the phrase **the ones in Asia** could refer to: (1) believers who are living in **Asia**. Alternate translation: “the believers living in Asia” (2) believers who are from **Asia** but who were with Paul where he was imprisoned, which was probably Rome. Alternate translation: “the believers from Asia” or “the ones who came with me from Asia”
1:15	p6f4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀπεστράφησάν με	1	Here Paul speaks of people who stopped listening to him and helping him as if they had **turned away from** him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “turned their backs on me” or “abandoned me”
1:15	p020		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπεστράφησάν με	1	Here Paul implies that these people **turned away** because Paul was accused of doing what was wrong and put in jail. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “turned away from me when I was accused” or “turned away from me because I am in prison”\n
1:15	x6cc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Φύγελος & Ἑρμογένης	1	The words **Phygelus** and **Hermogenes** are the names of men.
1:16	izk9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing	δῴη ἔλεος ὁ Κύριος τῷ Ὀνησιφόρου οἴκῳ	1	Here Paul asks God to bless the family of **Onesiphorus**. Use a form that people would recognize as a blessing in your language. Alternate translation: “I ask the Lord to give mercy to the household of Onesiphorus” or “I pray that the household of Onesiphorus will have mercy from the Lord”
1:16	a78q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	δῴη ἔλεος ὁ Κύριος	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **mercy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “May the Lord be merciful”
1:16	e6hl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ὀνησιφόρου	1	The word **Onesiphorus** is the name of a man.
1:16	zz44		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὴν ἅλυσίν μου οὐκ ἐπησχύνθη	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my chain did not shame him”
1:16	td1q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὴν ἅλυσίν μου	1	Here, **chain** represents imprisonment, or being in jail. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my imprisonment” or “me being in prison”
1:17	xfg1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	ἀλλὰ	1	Here, the word **but** introduces what Onesiphorus did instead of being ashamed of Paul. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **but** untranslated. Alternate translation: “but instead,” or “and rather,”\n
1:17	ayef		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν Ῥώμῃ	1	Here Paul implies that he was in prison in **Rome**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “in Rome, where I am,”
1:18	x0eo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	(δῴη αὐτῷ ὁ Κύριος, εὑρεῖν ἔλεος παρὰ Κυρίου ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ), καὶ ὅσα ἐν Ἐφέσῳ διηκόνησεν, βέλτιον σὺ γινώσκεις	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could reverse the order of these sentences, since the second sentence continues to describe what Onesiphorus did, as the previous verse does. Alternate translation: “And as much as he served in Ephesus, you know very well. May the Lord give to him to find mercy from the Lord in that day”
1:18	p3di		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing	δῴη αὐτῷ ὁ Κύριος, εὑρεῖν ἔλεος παρὰ Κυρίου	1	Here Paul again asks God to bless Onesiphorus. Use a form that people would recognize as a blessing in your language. See how you translated the similar blessing in [1:16](../01/16.md). Alternate translation: “I ask the Lord to give to him to find mercy from the Lord” or “I pray that he will have mercy from the Lord”\n
1:18	x2dk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εὑρεῖν ἔλεος παρὰ Κυρίου	1	Here Paul speaks of **mercy** as if it were an object that Onesiphorus could **find**. He means that he wants Onesiphorus to experience **mercy**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to receive mercy from the Lord”
1:18	r54t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	εὑρεῖν ἔλεος παρὰ Κυρίου	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **mercy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to be treated mercifully by the Lord”
1:18	f3ep		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ	1	Here Paul is referring to the exact moment when Jesus will return to this world, which will also be when he judges everyone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “on that day when Jesus will return” or “at the final judgment”\n
1:18	p025		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὅσα & διηκόνησεν	1	Here Paul could be implying that Onesiphorus **served**: (1) Paul specifically. Alternate translation: “as much as he served me” (2) believers in general. Alternate translation: “as much as he served believers”
2:intro	k3zn				0	# 2 Timothy 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nIn verses 11b–13, Paul may be quoting a poem or hymn. To show the reader that this may be a quotation, in your translation you may choose to set these verses farther to the right than the other verses in the chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### We will reign with him\n\nFaithful Christians will reign with Christ in the future. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Analogies\n\nIn this chapter, Paul makes several analogies to teach about living as a Christian. He uses analogies of soldiers, athletes, and farmers. Later in the chapter, he uses the analogy of different kinds of containers in a house.
2:1	bll5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τέκνον μου	1	Here, **child** is a term of great love and approval. Timothy is not Paul’s biological child. It is also likely that Paul introduced Timothy to Christ, and so this is why Paul considered him like his own child. Alternate translation: “who are like my child”
2:1	p026		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐνδυναμοῦ	1	You could express this with an active form, and you could state who would do the action. Alternate translation: “let God make you strong”
2:1	e6ex		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐν τῇ χάριτι τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	Paul wants Timothy to experience the strength that God provides through his **grace** or kindness. Believers experience God’s grace through knowing Jesus Christ. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **grace** with an adjective. Alternate translation: “as you allow Christ Jesus to kindly empower you through your relationship to him”
2:2	ig9v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	διὰ πολλῶν μαρτύρων	1	Paul is referring to teaching in a public setting with others present. The implication is that those others could testify as to what he taught. Alternate translation: “in the presence of people who can testify to what I said”
2:2	kv1m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ταῦτα παράθου	1	Paul speaks of his instructions to Timothy as if they were objects that Timothy could give to other people and trust them to use correctly. Alternate translation: “commit them” or “teach them”
2:2	p027		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	πιστοῖς ἀνθρώποις	1	Here the term **men** has a generic sense that may include women. Alternate translation: “to faithful people”
2:3	yc1j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	συνκακοπάθησον	1	Here, **together** could mean: (1) Timothy should suffer together with Paul. Alternate translation: “Suffer together with me” (2) Timothy should suffer together with all Christians who suffer. Alternate translation: “Suffer together with all believers”
2:3	juu2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὡς καλὸς στρατιώτης Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	Paul compares suffering for Christ Jesus to the suffering that a good soldier endures. Alternate translation: “as if you were a soldier and Jesus Christ were your commander”
2:4	a4x7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οὐδεὶς στρατευόμενος ἐμπλέκεται ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματίαις	1	To help Timothy understand something important about following Jesus, Paul introduces the metaphor of a **soldier** who has to decide between pleasing his leader or pleasing those outside the army. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this. Alternate translation: “Consider that no dedicated soldier allows the affairs of life to distract him”
2:4	p7n5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐμπλέκεται ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματίαις	1	Paul speaks of being involved in other matters as if they were a net that trapped people and kept them from being able to move freely. Alternate translation: “allows the affairs of life to distract him”
2:4	p028		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐμπλέκεται ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματίαις	1	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “allows the affairs of life to distract him”
2:4	p029		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦ βίου	1	By **life**, Paul means, in the context of this metaphor, “civilian life.” The implication is that Timothy and all believers should not allow competing concerns to keep them from serving Christ. Alternate translation: “of everyday life”
2:4	d2lg			τῷ στρατολογήσαντι	1	Alternate translation: “his leader” or “the one who commands him”
2:5	d483		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐὰν & ἀθλῇ τις, οὐ στεφανοῦται, ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ	1	To help Timothy understand something important about following Jesus, Paul introduces the metaphor of an athlete who has to decide between competing **lawfully** or not lawfully. The athlete will only receive the crown given to the winner if he competes lawfully. By making this comparison with an athlete competing in games, Paul is implicitly telling Timothy that Christ will not reward him unless he serves him **lawfully**, that is, unless he obeys him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this directly. Alternate translation: “consider that the officials only crown an athlete as the winner if he competes according to the rules”
2:5	p031		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	ἐὰν & ἀθλῇ τις, οὐ στεφανοῦται, ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ	1	Paul is also using a hypothetical situation to teach Timothy. Alternate translation: “suppose an athlete did not compete by the rules. Then he would not be crowned”
2:5	p032			ἐὰν & ἀθλῇ τις	1	Here, **competes** refers to competing in an athletic event. Alternate translation: “if an athlete competes in an event”
2:5	xbn6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐ στεφανοῦται, ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this double negative by translating it as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “the officials will only crown him if he competes by the rules”
2:5	p033		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οὐ στεφανοῦται	1	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “the officials will not crown him”
2:5	p034		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐ στεφανοῦται	1	Paul assumes that Timothy will know that in this culture crowning indicated the winner of a competition. Alternate translation: “the officials will not crown him as the winner”
2:5	lea8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	οὐ στεφανοῦται	1	In Paul’s time, when athletes won competitions, they were **crowned** with wreaths made from the leaves of plants. You can express this idea in your translation by referring to the comparable custom in your own culture, or by using a general expression. Alternate translation: “the officials will not give him an award” or “the officials will not declare him to be the winner”
2:5	reg6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μὴ νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ	1	Paul is referring to the rules that governed a competition. The athletes had to obey the rules or they would be removed from the competition and not have an opportunity to win. If it would be helpful in your language, you could mention these rules. Alternate translation: “he does not compete according to the rules”
2:6	wz35		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸν κοπιῶντα γεωργὸν δεῖ πρῶτον τῶν καρπῶν μεταλαμβάνειν	1	To help Timothy understand something important about following Jesus, Paul introduces the metaphor of a **farmer** who has to decide between working hard or not working hard. The farmer will receive a share of the harvest if he is working hard. By making this comparison, Paul is encouraging Timothy to work hard in his service to Christ so that God will reward him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this directly. Alternate translation: “Consider that a farmer who works hard should receive a share of the crops before anyone else”
2:6	p035		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πρῶτον τῶν καρπῶν μεταλαμβάνειν	1	In this illustration, it seems that the hardworking farmer is working with other farmers who will all receive a part of the crop after the harvest. But since this farmer works harder than the others, he should receive before the others. It is implied that receiving first is best, possibly because the quality of the crop is better. Alternate translation: “receive the best share of the crops”
2:7	bdk9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	νόει ὃ λέγω, δώσει γάρ σοι ὁ Κύριος σύνεσιν	1	Paul gave Timothy three metaphors in verses 3–6, but he did not completely explain their implications. He expected Timothy to figure out, with God’s help, the lesson of these metaphors for Christ’s servants. For that reason, if you want to include an explanation of the meaning of the metaphors, we recommend that you state the meaning in a footnote rather than in the Bible text. Alternate translation: “you will have to think carefully about what I have just told you to understand it completely, but you can depend on God to help you to do that”
2:7	p036		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ὃ λέγω	1	Paul refers to what he has just written in his letter with the verb **saying** to express the idea of communicating. Alternate translation: “what I have just told you”
2:7	a22q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν πᾶσιν	1	Here, **in everything** refers to everything related to the three metaphors that Paul has written just before this. Alternate translation: “about everything that I have just said” or “about all that I said”
2:8	mh1k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυείδ	1	The phrase **from the seed of** refers to Jesus being descended from King David. Alternate translation: “who is a descendant of David”
2:8	wt31		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐγηγερμένον ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	The expression **raised from the dead** is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “whom God caused to live again”
2:8	p038		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐγηγερμένον ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “whom God raised from the dead”
2:8	s4vh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν μου	1	The term **my** conveys the idea that it is the gospel associated with Paul because he preaches it. Alternate translation: “according to the gospel message that I preach”
2:9	t2ax		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	μέχρι δεσμῶν	1	Paul uses the expression **unto chains** to express how far his suffering has gone: from being beaten, to being arrested, to being in chains in prison. Alternate translation: “to the point of being imprisoned”
2:9	p039		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ὡς κακοῦργος	1	Paul compares his situation to the shameful one that a person would be in who had actually committed a crime. Alternate translation: “as if I were a criminal”
2:9	pc6t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται	1	Here, **bound** means being held in chains as a prisoner, referring to Paul’s condition. Paul contrasts himself, an actual prisoner, with God’s message, which can never be held prisoner. Alternate translation: “nothing is holding back the message from God”
2:9	p040		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται	1	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this idea. Alternate translation: “nothing is holding back the message from God”
2:9	p041		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Paul uses the term **word** to describe the message from God that he and others are communicating with words. Alternate translation: “the message from God”
2:10	p042		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	πάντα ὑπομένω	1	Here the term **all** is a generalization that likely refers to the sufferings that Paul describes in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “I endure all of these sufferings”
2:10	aa1x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	διὰ τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς	1	The term **chosen** is an adjective that functions as a noun here and refers to a group of people. If your language would not use an adjective in that way, you could translate this term with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “for the people whom God has chosen”
2:10	j2bk			καὶ αὐτοὶ σωτηρίας τύχωσιν τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	The phrase **obtain salvation** could also be expressed with Christ Jesus, who grants salvation, as the subject. Alternate translation: “Christ Jesus may grant them salvation”
2:10	p043		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	καὶ αὐτοὶ σωτηρίας τύχωσιν τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **salvation** with a verb. Alternate translation: “Christ Jesus may save them”
2:10	el68		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	μετὰ δόξης αἰωνίου	1	The abstract noun **glory** refers to the wonderful condition that people will experience when they are in the presence of God. It comes from God himself and he shares it with those who are saved by Jesus Christ, and this condition is **eternal**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **glory** with an adjective. Alternate translation: “and know how glorious it is to be with God forever” or “and experience God’s wonderful presence forever”
2:11	nr7u			πιστὸς ὁ λόγος	1	In this context, the term **word** refers to the statement of doctrine that follows. See how you translated this phrase in [1 Timothy 1:15](../1ti/01/15.md) Alternate translation: “This statement is dependable”
2:11	p044			πιστὸς ὁ λόγος	1	You could represent the meaning of the adjective **trustworthy** with an active verb, if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “you could trust this statement”
2:11	p045		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks	πιστὸς ὁ λόγος	1	Paul uses this phrase to introduce a direct quotation. The words that follow in the rest of this verse and in [2:12](../02/12.md) and [2:13](../02/13.md) are a poem or hymn that expresses the message that Paul says is trustworthy. It may be helpful to your readers if you indicate this by marking these words as a direct quotation or by setting them farther to the right, as the General Notes at the beginning of this chapter suggest.
2:11	g6e4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	εἰ γὰρ συναπεθάνομεν, καὶ συνζήσομεν	1	This is the beginning of a poem or hymn that Paul is probably quoting. If your language has a way of indicating that this is poetry, such as by setting individual phrases on separate lines, you could use it here and in [2:12](../02/12.md) and [2:13](../02/13.md). If not, you could translate this material as regular prose rather than as poetry.
2:11	in38		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εἰ & συναπεθάνομεν	1	Paul is speaking since he and Timothy and other believers who should trust this statement have not actually **died**. This could refer to: (1) the way that believers accept Jesus’ death for their sins when they trust him for salvation. This means that they have “died” to their old life of sin. Alternate translation: “if we have ended our old way of life by accepting Jesus’ death for us” (2) the way that people who believe in Jesus may suffer for him, possibly to the point of dying for him. Alternate translation: “if we are prepared to die for Jesus”
2:11	p046			καὶ συνζήσομεν	1	Although Paul is referring to dying with Christ in a figurative sense, **live** is probably not figurative, but could refer to: (1) life after physical death. This seems most likely given Paul’s mention of “eternal glory” in the previous verse and “we will reign with him” in the next. Alternate translation: “then God will raise us from the dead to live with Jesus” (2) how believers will act in this life before physical death. Alternate translation: “we will not pursue our own desires, instead we will do what Jesus wants us to do”
2:12	p048			εἰ ἀρνησόμεθα	1	Paul uses the term **deny** to refer to the action of believers saying that they do not know Jesus Christ during this present life. It is presented as the opposite of **endure**, so it refers to someone who gives in to persecution and denies being a follower of Jesus. Alternate translation: “if we say now that we do not know him”
2:12	p049			κἀκεῖνος ἀρνήσεται ἡμᾶς	1	In this second usage of the word **deny**, Paul is referring to the action of Jesus Christ on the day of final judgment. On that day, Jesus will either receive a faithful believer or reject those who are not true followers. Those who deny that they are followers of Jesus while on earth are not true followers. Alternate translation: “he will reject us on the day of judgment”
2:13	ke4w			εἰ ἀπιστοῦμεν	1	Paul uses the word **unfaithful** to express the condition of believers who do not continue to obey Jesus, but rather disobey him. Alternate translation: “if we disobey Jesus” or “if we do not do what Jesus wants us to do”
2:13	p050		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκεῖνος πιστὸς μένει	1	This could mean : (1) he remains faithful to them. (2) he remains true to himself.
2:13	ihd4			ἀρνήσασθαι & ἑαυτὸν οὐ δύναται	1	Paul states that Jesus is not able to **deny himself**, meaning that Jesus is not able to go against his character and will remain true to what he said he would do. Paul may have one or both of the following ideas in mind. (1) Jesus’ character includes being the Savior who can forgive our unfaithfulness when we repent of it, as Peter experienced (John 21:15–19). This favors the interpretation of the previous phrase as “he remains faithful to us.” (2) Jesus’ character also includes being the holy God who judges people for their sin when they do not repent. This favors the interpretation of the previous phrase as “he remains true to himself.” Alternate translation: “he must always act according to his character”
2:14	u661			ὑπομίμνῃσκε	1	The word **{them}**, which is implicit in the Greek verb, probably refers to the people that Timothy has responsibility over. Alternate translation: “Remind the people there”
2:14	p051		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Paul uses the expression **before God**, which means “in front of God,” to mean “where God can see.” Seeing, in turn, means attention and judgment. Alternate translation: “as God is watching”
2:14	r5lq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	The implication is that Paul is telling Timothy to tell the believers, when he gives them this command, that God will be watching what they do. Alternate translation: “with God as their witness”
2:14	g6p7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μὴ λογομαχεῖν	1	Paul uses the term **battle** to describe arguments. This could mean: (1) the believers are not to argue about unimportant things such as the words that someone uses to present the gospel message. That only distracts people from talking about important things, such as the gospel message itself. Alternate translation: “not to fight about small things like words” (2) the believers are not to argue about what words mean. Again, this causes disunity among the believers for no good reason. Alternate translation: “not to fight about the meanings of words”
2:14	rke6			ἐπ’ οὐδὲν χρήσιμον	1	Paul adds that battling about words has no benefit for those involved. Alternate translation: “it does not benefit anyone”
2:14	ywty		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐπὶ καταστροφῇ τῶν ἀκουόντων	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **destruction** with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “it destroys those who hear”
2:14	x7gx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐπὶ καταστροφῇ τῶν ἀκουόντων	1	Here, **destruction** refers not to physical harm, but to the spiritual harm that is done to believers who hear their teachers foolishly arguing about unimportant things. This teaches the believers that being seen as right about small things is more important than love and unity, and can cause them to have wrong ideas about the faith or to stop following Jesus altogether. Alternate translation: “and can make those who hear it want to stop following Jesus”
2:15	m3vy			σπούδασον σεαυτὸν, δόκιμον παραστῆσαι τῷ Θεῷ	1	Alternate translation: “Do your best to please God”
2:15	rj6y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐργάτην	1	Paul says that Timothy will be a skilled workman if he correctly teaches God’s word. Alternate translation: “like a craftsman”
2:15	xgz9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὀρθοτομοῦντα τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας	1	Paul refers to **the word of truth** as if it were a path that someone was cutting through difficult terrain. When such a path is **straight**, travelers can follow it directly to their destination. By contrast, the useless discussions that Paul describes in [2:14](../02/14.md) and [2:16](../02/16.md) would be needless detours in terms of this same metaphor. Alternate translation: “show people how to follow the Scriptures directly” or “teach the Scriptures correctly so that people can follow them”
2:15	p052		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας	1	Paul uses the term **word** to refer to something that is expressed in words. This could refer to: (1) the message that Timothy is to teach. Alternate translation: “the true message” (2) the Scriptures. Alternate translation: “the true things that God has said in the Scriptures”
2:15	p053		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **truth** with an adjective. Alternate translation: “the true message” or “the true things that God has said in the Scriptures”
2:16	e27q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐπὶ πλεῖον & προκόψουσιν ἀσεβείας	1	Paul speaks of these discussions as if they could physically progress in a certain direction, and he speaks of **ungodliness** as that direction. Paul is describing the effect that these discussions have on people. Alternate translation: “they cause people to become more and more ungodly”
2:17	i73t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ὁ λόγος αὐτῶν ὡς γάγγραινα νομὴν ἕξει	1	This is a simile. It means that something will spread from person to person and harm the faith of all those who hear it. The thing that will spread could refer to: (1) the habit of having useless and godless discussions. (2) the things that the people were saying in these empty discussions, or both. Alternate translation: “these empty discussions will spread quickly and cause destruction like an infectious disease”
2:17	p054		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ὁ λόγος αὐτῶν	1	Paul uses the term **word** to refer to something that is expressed in words. Alternate translation: “these discussions” or “what people who take part in these discussions say”
2:17	p055		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ὡς γάγγραινα	1	“Gangrene” is type of tissue death caused by infection or lack of blood circulation. It quickly spreads in a person’s body and can lead to death. If your readers would not know what **gangrene** is, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “like an infectious disease”
2:17	p056		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ὧν ἐστιν Ὑμέναιος, καὶ Φίλητος	1	Paul gives Timothy the names of **Hymenaeus** and **Philetus** examples of ungodliness and foolish talk. To make the relationship between these names and the preceding **their word** clear in your language, you may have to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “Hymeneus and Philetus are such people”
2:17	x2k6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ὑμέναιος, καὶ Φίλητος	1	**Hymenaeus** and **Philetus** are names of men.
2:18	fi9z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οἵτινες περὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἠστόχησαν	1	Paul uses this expression to speak of faith in Christ as if it were a target at which people should aim. Those who have **missed the mark** do not believe or teach what is true. Alternate translation: “who are teaching things that are not true”
2:18	p057		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	οἵτινες περὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἠστόχησαν	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **truth** with an adjective. Alternate translation: “who teach things that are not true”
2:18	pu22		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **resurrection** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “God has already raised the dead”
2:18	ura5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀνατρέπουσιν τήν τινων πίστιν	1	Paul refers to **faith** as though it were an object that could be destroyed. Alternate translation: “they are causing some people to stop believing”
2:19	ir1z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ & στερεὸς θεμέλιος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἕστηκεν	1	Paul uses the image of the **foundation** of a building to explain that even though a false and destructive message has been destroying the faith of some people, God has nevertheless given people who want to continue to follow him a true message, which provides for them a safe and secure “place to stand.” Alternate translation: “God has provided a secure basis for people to continue to believe in him”
2:19	p058		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἔχων τὴν σφραγῖδα ταύτην	1	Paul speaks of the inscription on this foundation as if it were a **seal**, since seals on the outside of documents often bore inscriptions describing their contents. Alternate translation: “having this inscription” or “which can be described in this way”
2:19	p059		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks	ἔχων τὴν σφραγῖδα ταύτην	1	Paul uses this phrase to introduce two direct quotations. The statements that follow in the rest of this verse describe two aspects of the basis that God has provided for people to continue to believe in him. It may be helpful to your readers if you indicate this by marking these statements as quotations.
2:19	nd7t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ὁ ὀνομάζων τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου	1	The expression **names the name of the Lord** is an idiom that refers to saying the name of the Lord in order to declare that one belongs to him. Alternate translation: “who says he believes in the Lord”
2:19	y3bc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἀποστήτω ἀπὸ ἀδικίας	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **unrighteousness** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “must stop doing evil things”
2:20	p060		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐν μεγάλῃ δὲ οἰκίᾳ, οὐκ ἔστιν μόνον σκεύη χρυσᾶ καὶ ἀργυρᾶ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ξύλινα καὶ ὀστράκινα	1	To help Timothy understand something important about following Jesus, Paul introduces the metaphor that compares the **containers** that are in the home of a wealthy person with people in the church. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this is a metaphor or illustration. Alternate translation: “Consider this illustration: in the home of a wealthy person, there are containers made of gold and silver, and there are also containers made of wood and clay”
2:20	p061		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἀλλὰ καὶ ξύλινα καὶ ὀστράκινα	1	Paul leaves out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. Alternate translation: “and there are also containers made of wood and clay”
2:20	j75l			σκεύη	1	The word **container** is a general term for items used to hold other things, such as grain, food, drink, or refuse. If your language does not have a general word, you can use a specific word such as “bowl” or “pot.”
2:20	mt5e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἃ μὲν εἰς τιμὴν, ἃ δὲ εἰς ἀτιμίαν	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the abstract nouns **honor** and **dishonor** by stating the ideas behind them with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “he uses the former at events to honor people and he uses the latter to do things that no one wants to see”
2:21	jm3p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐκκαθάρῃ ἑαυτὸν ἀπὸ τούτων	1	Here Paul continues the metaphor that compares people in the church to containers in a great house that have different uses. Paul speaks of a person washing himself clean as though he had been a pot full of something bad. By this he means that the person has given up certain associations or activities. Here, **these** could refer to: (1) the false teachers who are destroying the faith of some people. Alternate translation: “has disassociated himself from these false teachers” (2) the activities of quarreling and false teaching that Paul has warned Timothy about. Alternate translation: “has stopped doing these ungodly actions”
2:21	g79f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἔσται σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν	1	Paul speaks of a person who has given up these associations or activities as if he were a particular kind of **container**. Alternate translation: “he will be like a dish for special occasions” or “he will be like a dish that is used to honor people”
2:21	p062		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔσται σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν	1	The implication is that God will be able to give important assignments to a person who is free from wrong associations or activities. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he will be someone to whom God can give important assignments”
2:21	mh63			ἔσται σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν, ἡγιασμένον εὔχρηστον τῷ Δεσπότῃ, εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἡτοιμασμένον	1	These four phrases could mean: (1) the ones beginning with **having been** give the reason for the phrase before them. Alternate translation: “he will be a container for honor because he has been sanctified, and he will be useful to the Master because he has been prepared for every good work” (2) all four phrases could simply be describing the person. Alternate translation: “he will be a container for honor, someone who is sanctified, useful to the Master, and ready for every good work”
2:21	p063		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἡγιασμένον	1	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea, and you can state who did the action. Alternate translation: “whom God has set apart for himself” or “whom God has set apart for a special purpose”
2:21	nl5d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἡγιασμένον	1	If this phrase is continuing the metaphor of objects in a house, then Paul is referring to a person who is free from wrong associations or activities as if he were a precious object whose owner keeps it in a special place. Whether this phrase is continuing the metaphor or not, it still expresses the idea of being “dedicated” for a special purpose. Alternate translation: “whom God has set apart for a special purpose”
2:21	p064		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εὔχρηστον τῷ Δεσπότῃ	1	In the context of the metaphor of the house, Paul speaks of God as the head of the household. Alternate translation: “useful to God”
2:21	p065		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἡτοιμασμένον	1	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “who has gotten himself ready to do any good work”
2:22	h9p6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὰς & νεωτερικὰς ἐπιθυμίας φεῦγε	1	Paul speaks about **youthful** desires as if they were a dangerous person or animal that Timothy should run away from. Alternate translation: “control your youthful desires”
2:22	p066		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὰς & νεωτερικὰς ἐπιθυμίας φεῦγε	1	Paul speaks of immoral activities by association with the desires that lead a person to engage in them. Alternate translation: “refuse to do the wrong things that young people want to do”
2:22	srb7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	δίωκε δὲ δικαιοσύνην, πίστιν, ἀγάπην, εἰρήνην	1	Paul is using the verb **pursue** in contrast to **flee**. He speaks of these positive things as if Timothy should run towards them because they will do him good. Alternate translation: “be eager to do what is right, to believe in God, to love God and others, and to live in peace with people”
2:22	p067		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	δικαιοσύνην, πίστιν, ἀγάπην, εἰρήνην	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the abstract nouns **righteousness**, **faith**, **love**, and **peace** by stating the ideas behind them with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “do what is right, believe in God, love other people, and live peacefully with other people”
2:22	hg99			μετὰ τῶν ἐπικαλουμένων τὸν Κύριον ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας	1	This likely means that Paul wants Timothy to pursue these positive things together with others who are sincere in their faith. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could put this phrase at the beginning of Paul’s command to Timothy, as in the UST, before **pursue**. Alternate translation: “together with those who worship the Lord with sincere intentions”
2:22	gl3q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	τῶν ἐπικαλουμένων τὸν Κύριον	1	The expression **calling on the Lord** is an idiom that means to trust and worship the Lord. Alternate translation: “those who worship the Lord”
2:22	p068		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας	1	Paul uses a physical part of the body, the **heart**, to represent the intentions and desires of a person. Alternate translation: “with sincere intentions”
2:22	b2ti		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας	1	Paul uses the word **clean** to describe the intentions or thoughts of a person as though they were an object that could be made clean. Alternate translation: “with sincere intentions”
2:23	tmf7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὰς & μωρὰς καὶ ἀπαιδεύτους ζητήσεις παραιτοῦ	1	Paul refers to certain kinds of discussions by association with the kind of **questions** that people might ask that would lead to these discussions or by association with the kind of people that would ask these questions. Alternate translation: “do not become involved in foolish and ignorant discussions” or “do not allow people to involve you in discussions that they start because they are foolish and ignorant”
2:23	p069		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	μωρὰς καὶ ἀπαιδεύτους ζητήσεις	1	Paul may be using the words **foolish** and **ignorant** together to emphasize a single idea. Alternate translation: “very stupid questions”
2:23	kh6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	γεννῶσι μάχας	1	Paul speaks of the **questions** as if they were women giving birth to children (the **battles**). Alternate translation: “they cause arguments”
2:23	p070		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μάχας	1	Paul uses the term **battles** to describe arguments. Alternate translation: “they cause arguments”
2:24	p071		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	δοῦλον & Κυρίου	1	Paul is using the expression **slave of the Lord** to refer to leaders in the church, including Timothy, who do what God tells them to do. This includes teaching the believers and interacting with the quarrelsome teachers who challenge their authority and the truth. Alternate translation: “a leader in the church”
2:24	p072		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οὐ δεῖ μάχεσθαι	1	Paul uses the term **battle** to describe arguments. Alternate translation: “must not argue”
2:25	un9l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐν πραΰτητι	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **meekness** in this expression with an adverb. Alternate translation: “meekly” or “gently”
2:25	u6rp			παιδεύοντα	1	Paul presents **educating** as the godly response to quarrels. This term can mean “teach” or “correct.” Alternate translation: “teaching” or “correcting”
2:25	jt1r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μήποτε δώῃ αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεὸς μετάνοιαν	1	Paul speaks of **repentance** as if it were an object that God could give people. Alternate translation: “God may cause them to repent”
2:25	u8dy			εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας	1	Paul speaks of the result of **repentance** as knowing the **truth**. Alternate translation: “so that they will know the truth”
2:26	p073		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἀνανήψωσιν ἐκ τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου παγίδος	1	As Paul moves from one metaphor into another, he leaves out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. Alternate translation: “they may become sober again and escape from the trap of the devil”
2:26	ef3q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀνανήψωσιν	1	Paul speaks of sinners learning to think correctly about God as if they were drunk people becoming **sober again**.
2:26	mql8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐκ τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου παγίδος	1	Paul refers to the deception of **the devil** as a physical trap that sinners are captured in. Alternate translation: “and escape from the devil’s deception” or “and reject the devil’s deception”
2:26	p074		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐζωγρημένοι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ, εἰς τὸ ἐκείνου θέλημα	1	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “after the devil has captured them and made them do what he wanted”
2:26	dj4j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐζωγρημένοι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ, εἰς τὸ ἐκείνου θέλημα	1	Paul speaks of the devil’s deception as if the devil had physically **captured** them and made them do what he wanted. Alternate translation: “after the devil has deceived them and made them do what he wanted”
3:intro	k2cr				0	# 2 Timothy 3 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\nMany scholars understand the **last days** to mean the entire time from when Jesus first came to when he will return, which includes Paul’s time. If so, then what Paul teaches in this chapter about being persecuted applies to all believers. But some scholars understand the **last days** to mean a time in the future just before Jesus returns. If that is the meaning, then Paul is prophesying in verses 1–9 and 13 about those days. If possible, translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate these verses. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])
3:1	g65r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις	1	Paul is using the term **days** to refer to a particular time. Alternate translation: “during the period of time before the end”
3:1	n7gs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐνστήσονται καιροὶ χαλεποί	1	The implication from what Paul goes on to say about people becoming ungodly and violent is that it will be difficult for believers in this time period. Alternate translation: “believers will face difficult situations”
3:2	p075		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	οἱ ἄνθρωποι	1	Here Paul is using the term **men** in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “people”
3:2	jb27			φίλαυτοι	1	Here, **self-loving** refers to loving oneself more than loving family or friends with a natural human love. This is not the kind of love that comes from God. Alternate translation: “self-centered”
3:3	u3n7			ἄστοργοι	1	The term **unloving** means that they will not love other people whom they should love. Alternate translation: “they will not love their own families”
3:3	r2uv			ἄσπονδοι	1	The term **irreconcilable** means they will not agree to make peace with others and will insist on living in a state of conflict in order to have their own way. Alternate translation: “they will not agree with anyone” or “they will not live in peace with anyone”
3:3	ks9y			ἀφιλάγαθοι	1	The phrase **not good-loving** could be translated by removing the negative **not** and replacing **loving** with the opposite term “hating.” Alternate translation: “They will hate what is good”
3:4	dw5z			προπετεῖς	1	The adjective **reckless** conveys the idea of doing things without thinking about the negative things that could happen as a result. Alternate translation: “heedless of consequences”
3:4	d6ng		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τετυφωμένοι	1	The expression **puffed up** is a metaphor for being proud and considering oneself better than others. Alternate translation: “haughty” or “conceited”
3:4	p076		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τετυφωμένοι	1	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “haughty” or “conceited”
3:5	k5dc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἔχοντες μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας	1	The expression **a form of** indicates that their **godliness** is not genuine or true. Alternate translation: “appearing to have godliness” or “appearing to honor God”
3:5	p077		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	καὶ	1	Paul uses the word **And** to introduce the results of what the previous sentence described. Alternate translation: “So”
3:5	p078		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τούτους ἀποτρέπου	1	The term **these** is a demonstrative adjective that refers to the people who show the ungodly qualities that Paul lists in the previous verses. Paul is using the term as a noun. If your language does not use adjectives in that way, you can add the word “people” in your translation. Alternate translation: “avoid these people” or “avoid such people”
3:5	xm1c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τούτους ἀποτρέπου	1	The expression **turn away** is a metaphor for avoiding someone. Alternate translation: “avoid these people” or “avoid such people”
3:6	gu4b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	αἰχμαλωτίζοντες	1	Here Paul uses the term **captivating** to mean greatly influencing someone by the use of deception. Alternate translation: “manipulating”
3:6	u9m5			γυναικάρια	1	The term **foolish women** refers to women who are spiritually weak and immature. They allow these men into their homes and listen to them because they are weak, idle, and have many sins. Alternate translation: “women who are spiritually weak”
3:6	e9ex		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	σεσωρευμένα ἁμαρτίαις	1	Paul speaks of these **sins** as if they were heaped up on the backs of these women. Paul is explaining why these men can easily influence these women. This could mean: (1) these women sin often or even continually. Alternate translation: “who sin often” (2) these women feel terrible guilt because they sin. Alternate translation: “who feel terrible guilt for their sins”
3:6	p079		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	σεσωρευμένα ἁμαρτίαις	1	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “who sin often” or “who feel terrible guilt for their sins”
3:6	p080		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀγόμενα ἐπιθυμίαις ποικίλαις	1	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “various desires lead them away”
3:6	izz9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	ἀγόμενα ἐπιθυμίαις ποικίλαις	1	Paul speaks about these **various desires** as if they could physically lead a person away. He means that the women decide to do evil things in order to satisfy their desires. Alternate translation: “they decide to sin in various ways”
3:7	p082		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μηδέποτε εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας ἐλθεῖν δυνάμενα	1	Paul speaks of the **knowledge of the truth** as if it were a destination at which people could arrive. Alternate translation: “never able to understand the truth”
3:8	p083			ὃν τρόπον δὲ	1	Alternate translation: “Just as”
3:8	b8el		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἰάννης καὶ Ἰαμβρῆς	1	**Jannes** and **Jambres** are names of men.
3:8	p084		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Ἰάννης καὶ Ἰαμβρῆς	1	Paul assumes that Timothy will know that he is referring here to the magicians in Pharaoh’s court who tried to duplicate the miracles that Moses was doing. The Bible does not record their names, but according to Jewish tradition their names were Jannes and Jambres. These men wanted to show that Pharaoh did not have to listen to Moses or obey Yahweh. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could identify them more explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jannes and Jambres, Pharaoh’s magicians,”
3:8	p085		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	οὗτοι	1	As in [3:5](../03/05.md), the term **these** is a demonstrative adjective that refers to the people who show the ungodly qualities that Paul has described. Paul is using the term as a noun. If your language does not use adjectives in that way, you can add the word “people” in your translation. Alternate translation: “these people”
3:8	p086		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῇ ἀληθείᾳ	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **truth** with an adjective. Alternate translation: “what is true”
3:8	g4kk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἄνθρωποι κατεφθαρμένοι τὸν νοῦν	1	Paul uses the word **mind** to refer to the way these evil men think. Alternate translation: “men who cannot think rightly”
3:8	p087		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἄνθρωποι κατεφθαρμένοι τὸν νοῦν	1	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “men who cannot think rightly”
3:8	pfh1			ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν	1	Paul uses the adjective **unapproved** to convey the idea that these men have been tested regarding how well they trust in Christ and obey him, and they have failed the test because their faith is not real. Alternate translation: “without sincere faith” or “whose faith is not genuine”
3:8	sppy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could start a new sentence here and say who does not approve of these men. Alternate translation: “God does approve of these men because they do not have a genuine faith in Jesus”
3:9	x9kx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀλλ’	1	The word **But** indicates a contrast between this verse and the previous idea from [3:06](../03/06.md) that these men were able to sneak into homes and persuade people to believe wrong things. If you need to make this contrast clear, you could remind your readers of the previous idea here. Alternate translation: “But even though they have persuaded some people to believe wrong things”
3:9	c6xx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οὐ προκόψουσιν ἐπὶ πλεῖον	1	Paul uses an expression about physical movement to mean that the false teachers will not continue to have much success among the believers. Alternate translation: “they will not be able to continue teaching falsely”
3:9	mv4j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	ἡ & ἄνοια αὐτῶν ἔκδηλος ἔσται πᾶσιν	1	The word **all** is a generalization. Paul has just said that these men will have a little success in deceiving some people. But ultimately their foolishness will become widely apparent, as happened to Jannes and Jambres, who were publicly discredited when they were not able to equal the powerful miracles of Moses. Alternate translation: “their foolishness will become widely apparent”
3:9	z4fu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ἐκείνων	1	The term **those** is a demonstrative adjective that refers to Jannes and Jambres. Paul is using the term as a noun. If your language does not use adjectives in that way, you can supply the names of the two men. Alternate translation: “of Jannes and Jambres”
3:10	vw42		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	σὺ & παρηκολούθησάς	1	Paul speaks of giving close attention to the things he lists in this verse as if one were physically following them as they moved. The idea is that Timothy is giving close attention to these things and imitating them. Alternate translation: “you have observed” or “you have paid close attention to”
3:10	wma6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	μου τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **teaching** with a relative clause. Alternate translation: “what I have taught others to do”
3:10	lq3v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῇ ἀγωγῇ	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **conduct** with a relative clause. Alternate translation: “how I live my life”
3:10	p088		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῇ προθέσει	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **purpose** with a verbal clause. Alternate translation: “what I try to do with my life”
3:10	p089		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῇ πίστει	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **faith** with a relative clause. Alternate translation: “what I believe”
3:10	p091		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῇ μακροθυμίᾳ	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **patience** with a relative clause. Alternate translation: “how I am patient with others”
3:10	p090		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῇ ἀγάπῃ	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **love** with a relative clause. Alternate translation: “how I love others”
3:10	l4pp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῇ ὑπομονῇ	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **endurance** with a relative clause. Alternate translation: “how I endure when I suffer”
3:11	p093			οἵους διωγμοὺς ὑπήνεγκα	1	Paul is reminding Timothy that he knows of the various ways in which Paul suffered and how he endured until God rescued him. Alternate translation: “how I endured various persecutions”
3:11	r9vk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐκ πάντων, με ἐρρύσατο ὁ Κύριος	1	Paul speaks as if God had physically removed him from a situation of danger. Alternate translation: “the Lord preserved me through them all”
3:12	ke7f			ζῆν εὐσεβῶς	1	The term **piously** means in an obedient way that honors God. Alternate translation: “to live in a godly way”
3:12	xm9l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	διωχθήσονται	1	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “people will persecute”
3:13	p094		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἄνθρωποι	1	Here Paul is using the term **men** in a generic sense that can include both men and women. Alternate translation: “people”
3:13	xo4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	πονηροὶ & ἄνθρωποι καὶ γόητες	1	This is probably a hendiadys, and the **evil men and impostors** are not two groups of people, but one group of people. Alternate translation: “evil people who only pretend to follow Jesus”
3:13	s7f2			γόητες	1	The term **impostors** refers here to a person who wants other people to think he is a true Christian when he is not. Alternate translation: “people who are pretending to be believers”
3:13	imc8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	προκόψουσιν ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον	1	Paul speaks of evil people and their character as something that moves forward physically, making gradual progress in a direction. Alternate translation: “will become worse and worse” or “will become even more evil”
3:13	p095		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον	1	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “worse and worse”
3:13	eyx5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι	1	The expression **leading astray** uses the image of physically taking a person to a place that he didn’t think he was going to. This is a figurative reference to persuading someone to believe something that is not true. Alternate translation: “teaching lies and believing lies”
3:13	p096		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι	1	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “teaching lies and believing lies”
3:14	ytg9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μένε ἐν οἷς ἔμαθες	1	Paul speaks of biblical instruction as if it were a place in which Timothy could stay. Alternate translation: “continue doing what you have learned” or “continue believing what you have learned”
3:14	p097		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐπιστώθης	1	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “are confident about”
3:15	w9l5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	τὰ δυνάμενά σε σοφίσαι	1	Paul speaks of the Scriptures as if they were a teacher who could instruct people and help them become **wise**. It may be convenient in your translation to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “By studying them you can become wise”
3:15	p098		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	εἰς σωτηρίαν διὰ πίστεως τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **salvation** with a verb such as “save.” Alternate translation: “so that you will know enough to trust Christ Jesus to save you”
3:16	s274		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πᾶσα Γραφὴ θεόπνευστος καὶ	1	The term **God-breathed** uses the image of breathing to indicate that the Scriptures come directly from God through his Spirit. Characteristically in the Bible, the breath of God represents the Spirit of God. Alternate translation: “God produced all Scripture as his Spirit directed people what to write, and it”
3:16	hvr1			πᾶσα Γραφὴ θεόπνευστος	1	By **All Scripture**, Paul is referring to every part of Scripture, which, at that time, was what we know as the Old Testament. If it is confusing to refer to all of the books of the Old Testament with the singular word **Scripture**, you could change it to a plural word as in the UST and make the verbs plural. Alternate translation: “All of the Holy Writings are God-breathed”
3:16	uv35			ὠφέλιμος	1	Paul refers to the Scripture as **profitable** to convey the idea that Timothy and all believers will benefit when they use the Scripture to teach, reprove, correct, and train. Alternate translation: “you will benefit from it as you use it” or “it benefits everyone when we use it”
3:16	vl2n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	πρὸς ἐλεγμόν	1	Paul instructs Timothy to use the Scriptures as the standard for knowing what is right and wrong and showing people that they are wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **reproof** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “for showing people that they are wrong” or “for helping us to know when we are wrong”
3:16	e5h9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	πρὸς ἐπανόρθωσιν	1	Paul instructs Timothy to use the Scriptures as the standard for showing people how to make something right. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **correction** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “for showing people how to make things right” or “for showing us how to fix errors”
3:16	y1hf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	πρὸς παιδείαν τὴν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ	1	Paul instructs Timothy to use the Scriptures as the standard for training people how to live lives that are right with God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **righteousness** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “and for training people how to do what is right” or “and for training us to do what is right”
3:17	nb12		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος	1	Paul is using the word **man** here in a generic sense that includes all believers in God, whether male or female. Of course, Paul also intends for Timothy to apply this to himself. Alternate translation: “the person who serves God”
3:17	uu7i			ἄρτιος	1	Alternate translation: “fully capable”
3:17	p099		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐξηρτισμένος	1	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “and have everything he needs”
4:intro	k2xa				0	# 2 Timothy 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n1. Paul gives a solemn charge to Timothy (4:1–8)\n2. Paul tells Timothy how he is doing (4:9–18)\n3. Paul sends personal greetings (4:19–22)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### “I adjure you”\n\nWith these words Paul challenges Timothy in the most serious way possible to do what he is telling him to do. It is a way of commanding Timothy, not by Paul’s own authority, but by the authority that he then refers to, that of God and Jesus Christ. In other words, Paul is saying that God and Jesus Christ are commanding Timothy through Paul.\n\n### Crown\n\nScripture uses the image of a crown to represent different things. In this chapter, Paul describes Christ as awarding a crown to believers as a metaphor for the reward that Christ will give them for having lived rightly on this earth.
4:1	eh3x			διαμαρτύρομαι	1	The word translated **adjure** is used to place someone under a serious and binding obligation. Think about the words that you use to do this in your language. This could refer to: (1) placing someone under an oath to do something. Alternate translation: “I place you under an oath” or “I hereby obligate you” (2) solemnly commanding someone with great authority. Alternate translation: “I solemnly urge you”
4:1	cb15		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ	1	Here the word **before** means “in front of,” that is, “in the presence of.” The implication is that God and Christ Jesus will witness and approve this command or oath. Alternate translation: “in the presence of God and Christ Jesus” or “with God and Christ Jesus as the witnesses”
4:1	u32g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς	1	Paul refers to **the living** and **the dead** together to mean all people, whether they are alive at the time of judgment or have died. Alternate translation: “those who are still alive and those who have died”
4:1	p100		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς	1	The terms **living** and **dead** are adjectives that Paul is using as nouns to refer to groups of people. If your language does not use adjectives in that way, you can translate these terms with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “those who are still alive and those who have died”
4:1	lwt2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	καὶ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ	1	Paul refers to Christ’s return by association to the fact that he will appear once again to people on earth when he returns, and he refers to Christ’s rule as king by association to the **kingdom** that he will rule. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “and on Christ’s return and on his rule as king”
4:1	anqh			καὶ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ	1	This can be understood in two different ways, depending on if Paul is placing Timothy under an oath or giving Timothy a command. (1) If Paul is placing Timothy under an oath, then he is saying that these are the things that Timothy would be denying if he fails to fulfill the oath. Alternate translation: “with an oath as strong as your desire for Christ’s return and for his rule as king” (2) If Paul is introducing a command in this verse, then Paul is appealing to these things to strengthen his command. Alternate translation: “and as surely as Christ will return and rule as king”
4:2	j2z7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸν λόγον	1	Paul is using the term **word** to refer to the whole message about Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “the Gospel message” or “the Good News”
4:2	zzh4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	εὐκαίρως, ἀκαίρως	1	Paul uses the opposite words **opportunely** and**inopportunely** to say that Timothy should be ready to preach about Jesus when it seems like a good time to do so and also when it does not seem like a good time. He is using the two types of occasions together to indicate all occasions. Alternate translation: “when it is convenient and when it is not convenient” or “at all times”
4:2	g7ax		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔλεγξον	1	The command to **reprove** implies that the action is directed toward people who have done something wrong and are in need of correction. Alternate translation: “correct those who have sinned”
4:2	p101			ἐπιτίμησον	1	The word **rebuke** involves telling someone that they have done something wrong and warning them not to do it again. Alternate translation: “tell them not to sin”
4:2	p102		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	ἐν πάσῃ μακροθυμίᾳ καὶ διδαχῇ	1	Here, **patience and teaching** is a hendiadys, with **patience** modifying **teaching**. Alternate translation: “do these things by teaching very patiently” or “always do these things by teaching patiently”
4:2	g5r0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν πάσῃ μακροθυμίᾳ καὶ διδαχῇ	1	The implication is that this is how Timothy should preach, reprove, rebuke, and exhort. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “do these things by teaching very patiently” or “always do these things by teaching patiently”
4:2	p103		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	ἐν πάσῃ μακροθυμίᾳ καὶ διδαχῇ	1	Here, **all** could mean: (1) Timothy should always be patient when he teaches. Alternate translation: “always teaching patiently” (2) a generalization for emphasis, meaning that Timothy should be very patient. Alternate translation: “by teaching very patiently”
4:3	jv7a			ἔσται & καιρὸς ὅτε	1	Alternate translation: “the time will come when”
4:3	u2cc			οὐκ ἀνέξονται	1	Alternate translation: “they will no longer listen patiently to”
4:3	ilx7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐκ ἀνέξονται	1	The context indicates that **they** means people who are a part of the community of believers. Alternate translation: “some believers will no longer listen patiently to”
4:3	fyl3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τῆς ὑγιαινούσης διδασκαλίας	1	The expression **healthy teaching** means “correct teaching” by association, since a healthy mind would recognize that correct teaching was reasonable. Alternate translation: “correct teaching”
4:3	e5t2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	κατὰ τὰς ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας, ἑαυτοῖς ἐπισωρεύσουσιν διδασκάλους	1	Paul speaks of how people will obtain many teachers as if they were putting them into a heap or pile. They will want many teachers, but not value these teachers for how they live godly lives or how accurately they teach. Alternate translation: “they will gather many teachers for themselves who will teach what they want”
4:3	s375		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν	1	Paul speaks of people badly wanting to hear something as if their ears itched and could only be relieved if they found many teachers who would tell them what they wanted to hear. Alternate translation: “because they want to hear it so badly”
4:3	p104		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν	1	Paul uses the **ear** to mean hearing. Alternate translation: “because they want to hear it so badly”
4:4	rh2i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀπὸ μὲν τῆς ἀληθείας τὴν ἀκοὴν ἀποστρέψουσιν	1	Paul speaks about people no longer paying attention as if they were physically turning their ears away so that they could not hear. Alternate translation: “will no longer pay attention to the truth”
4:4	p105		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἀπὸ μὲν τῆς ἀληθείας τὴν ἀκοὴν ἀποστρέψουσιν	1	Paul uses the **ear** to mean listening. Listening, in turn, means paying attention. Alternate translation: “will no longer pay attention to the truth”
4:4	xrv7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐπὶ & τοὺς μύθους ἐκτραπήσονται	1	Paul speaks about people starting to pay attention to **myths** as if someone were getting them to wander off in the wrong direction. Alternate translation: “these teachers will get them to pay attention to stories that are not true”
4:4	p106		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐπὶ & τοὺς μύθους ἐκτραπήσονται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you can express this with an active form, and you can state who would do the action. Alternate translation: “these teachers will get them to pay attention to stories that are not true”
4:5	ehz7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	νῆφε	1	Paul wants his readers to think correctly about everything, and so he speaks as if he wanted them to **be sober** rather than drunk. Alternate translation: “think clearly”
4:5	tv3k			εὐαγγελιστοῦ	1	Alternate translation: “of a person who proclaims the good news about Jesus”
4:6	p107			ἐγὼ & ἤδη σπένδομαι	1	While Paul speaks of his death as **already** happening, he means that it is an event that will happen soon. Alternate translation: “I will soon be poured out”
4:6	sh23		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐγὼ & ἤδη σπένδομαι	1	Paul speaks of himself as if he were wine in a cup that was **being poured out** as a sacrifice to God. Alternate translation: “the sacrifice of my life to God will soon be complete”
4:6	p108		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐγὼ & ἤδη σπένδομαι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you can express this with an active form. Alternate translation: “My life will soon end as a sacrifice to God”
4:6	fb7l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	ὁ καιρὸς τῆς ἀναλύσεώς μου ἐφέστηκεν	1	Paul refers to his death as a **departure**. This is a polite way of referring to something unpleasant. Alternate translation: “soon I will die and leave this world”
4:7	d9ts		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι	1	Paul speaks of himself as if he has been competing in an athletic contest. Here, **good** could mean: (1) the kind of effort Paul has made. Alternate translation: “I have done my best” (2) Paul has pursued a worthwhile endeavor. Alternate translation: “I have worked hard for what really matters”
4:7	kq83		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα	1	Paul speaks of his life of service to God as if he had been running a **race** on foot. Alternate translation: “I have completed what I needed to do”
4:7	vk2p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα	1	Paul speaks of **the faith**, by which he means his trust in Christ and his obedience to God, as if they were valuable objects that he has kept safe in his possession. This could mean: (1) Paul was faithful to do what God told him to do. Alternate translation: “I have remained faithful in doing my ministry” (2) Paul was faithful to teach the truth. Alternate translation: “I have preserved the teachings from any error”
4:8	ujg5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀπόκειταί μοι ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος	1	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “God has reserved the crown of righteousness for me”
4:8	hg8i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος	1	Here, the **crown** could: (1) represent the reward that God gives to people who have lived the right way. Alternate translation: “the reward for the righteous” (2) represent righteousness itself. Just as the judge of a race gives a crown to the winner, when Paul finishes his life, God will declare that Paul is righteous. Alternate translation: “the reward that is righteousness”
4:8	dwn6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	στέφανος	1	See how you translated **crown** in [2:5](../02/05.md). The **crown** that Paul is using as an illustration of the future award from God was a wreath made of laurel tree leaves that was given to winners of athletic contests. You can use a word in your language that would refer to a prize for winning a contest.
4:8	n3k8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν, ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ	1	As in [1:12](../01/12.md), this refers to the **day** when Jesus returns to judge people. Alternate translation: “on the day of judgment”
4:8	uh88			πᾶσιν τοῖς ἠγαπηκόσι τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ	1	Alternate translation: “to all those who are looking forward to his return”
4:8	p109		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ	1	See how you translated **his appearing** in [4:1](../04/01.md). Paul is referring to Christ’s return by association with the fact that he will appear once again to people on earth when he returns. Alternate translation: “his return”
4:9	t8b7			σπούδασον ἐλθεῖν & ταχέως	1	Alternate translation: “Come … as soon as possible”
4:10	e4xx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Δημᾶς & Κρήσκης & Τίτος	1	**Demas**, **Crescens**, and **Titus** are names of men.
4:10	ji2l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸν νῦν αἰῶνα	1	The expression **the present age** refers to worldly things as opposed to the things of God. Paul refers to these worldly things by association with the present time when people generally desire them, as opposed to the future time when the things of God will be established throughout the earth. Alternate translation: “the temporary comforts of this world”
4:10	u2qb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	Κρήσκης εἰς Γαλατίαν, Τίτος εἰς Δαλματίαν	1	Here Paul leaves out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. He means that like Demas, **Crescens** and **Titus** have left him. However, he is probably not saying that they did this because they also “loved this present age” like Demas. It is more likely that they are traveling to help the churches. Alternate translation: “Crescens has left me and gone to Galatia, and Titus has left me and gone to Dalmatia”
4:10	gs61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Γαλατίαν & Δαλματίαν	1	This are the names of parts of the Roman empire. **Galatia** is an official Roman province and **Dalmatia** is an area in the southern part of the province of Illyricum.
4:11	w21u			μοι εὔχρηστος εἰς διακονίαν	1	This could mean: (1) Mark is **useful** in helping Paul to take care of his personal needs. Alternate translation: “he can help take care of my needs” (2) Mark is **useful** in helping Paul minister to others, especially by preaching and teaching. Alternate translation: “he is helpful to me in my ministry”
4:12	y60r			ἀπέστειλα	1	Timothy is at Ephesus when he receives this letter. It may be that Tychicus is the one who carried this letter to Timothy at Ephesus. If so, then Paul is writing from Timothy’s perspective, who would view Paul’s sending of Tychicus as a past event. If this is confusing in your language and you want to include this possibility, you may need to change the tense of the verb to future. Alternate translation: “soon I will be sending”
4:13	d5rw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	φελόνην	1	The term **cloak** refers to a heavy garment worn over clothes. Alternate translation: “coat”
4:13	v9b6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Κάρπῳ	1	**Carpus** is the name of a man.
4:13	k6tj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὰ βιβλία	1	The term **books** refers to scrolls. A scroll was a type of book made of a long sheet of papyrus or leather. After writing on a scroll or reading it, people would roll it up using rods on the ends. Alternate translation: “the scrolls”
4:13	e395		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	μάλιστα τὰς μεμβράνας	1	The term **parchments** may refer to a specific type of scroll. Alternate translation: “especially those made from animal skins”
4:14	un4v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ χαλκεὺς	1	The term **coppersmith** refers to a person who worked with things made of copper and other metals. Alternate translation: “Alexander, who works with metal”
4:14	kv94		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἀλέξανδρος	1	**Alexander** is the name of a man.
4:14	wbx4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀποδώσει αὐτῷ ὁ Κύριος κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ	1	Paul speaks of punishment as if it were repayment. Alternate translation: “the Lord will give him the right punishment for what he has done”
4:15	i4aj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἀντέστη τοῖς ἡμετέροις λόγοις	1	The term **words** refers to the message that Paul and Timothy and their co-workers teach. Alternate translation: “he … opposed the message that we teach”
4:16	v847			ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ μου ἀπολογίᾳ	1	Paul is referring to the opening session of his trial. By writing **first**, he is likely indicating that he will have to appear in court again. Alternate translation: “At the opening session of my trial” or “When I first appeared in court and explained my actions”
4:16	f2c3			οὐδείς μοι παρεγένετο	1	Paul explains to Timothy that he had to go to court alone, without any supporters. Alternate translation: “no one testified on my behalf”
4:16	rm2t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	μὴ αὐτοῖς λογισθείη	1	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “May God not hold it against them” or “I pray that God does not punish those believers for deserting me”
4:17	t1fw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ & Κύριός μοι παρέστη	1	Paul is speaking as if **the Lord** had physically **stood** with him. Alternate translation: “the Lord helped me”
4:17	y69m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἵνα δι’ ἐμοῦ τὸ κήρυγμα πληροφορηθῇ	1	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. This could mean: (1) at his trial, Paul was able to explain the entire message God had given him to proclaim. Alternate translation: “so that I was able to proclaim all of the Lord’s message” (2) Paul was able to continue proclaiming God’s message right through to this time when he expected to lose his life. Alternate translation: “so that I was able to continue proclaiming the Lord’s message right to the end”
4:17	p113		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	καὶ ἀκούσωσιν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη	1	Here, **all** could be: (1) a figurative generalization. Alternate translation: “so that as many Gentiles as possible could hear it” (2) a reference to all the Gentiles in the court. Alternate translation: “so that all the Gentiles who were there might hear”
4:17	gsr8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐρύσθην ἐκ στόματος λέοντος	1	Paul speaks as if he had been in danger of being killed by a **lion** at his court appearance. He could mean the physical danger of being sentenced to execution, or the spiritual danger of being tempted not to speak boldly for Jesus, or both. It would probably be best to leave both possibilities open in your translation. Alternate translation: “I was rescued from great danger”
4:17	p114		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐρύσθην ἐκ στόματος λέοντος	1	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “God rescued me from great danger”
4:18	p115		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων	1	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “forever and ever”
4:19	n4zc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸν Ὀνησιφόρου οἶκον	1	See how you translated this phrase in [1:16](../01/16.md). The word **household** refers to **Onesiphorus** and all the people in his family, possibly even his servants. Alternate translation: “Onesiphorus and everyone who lives with him”
4:19	mef8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ὀνησιφόρου	1	**Onesiphorus** is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [1:16](../01/16.md).
4:20	lie9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἔραστος & Τρόφιμον	1	**Erastus** and **Trophimus** are the names of men.
4:20	wp9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Μιλήτῳ	1	**Miletus** is the name of a city to the south of Ephesus.
4:21	cvc7			σπούδασον & ἐλθεῖν	1	Alternate translation: “Do your best to come” or “Try as hard as you can to come”
4:21	eh95		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πρὸ χειμῶνος	1	The implication is that Timothy should try to come to Paul before the cold weather arrives and makes travel difficult or even impossible. If **winter** is the warm season in your area and summer is the cold season, or if your area does not have a cold season but a rainy season, you could use a more general expression. Alternate translation: “before the cold weather makes travel difficult” or “before the weather changes and makes travel difficult”
4:21	z1j9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἀσπάζεταί σε Εὔβουλος, καὶ Πούδης, καὶ Λίνος, καὶ Κλαυδία, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ	1	Here Paul leaves out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. To make sure that the meaning is clear, you could supply these words. The people listed after Eubulus are also greeting Timothy. Eubulus is not greeting them. Alternate translation: “Eubulus greets you, and so do Pudens, Linus, Claudia, and all the believers here”
4:21	p7px		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Εὔβουλος & Πούδης & Λίνος	1	**Eubulus**, **Pudens**, and **Linus** are the names of three men.
4:21	er77		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Κλαυδία	1	**Claudia** is the name of a woman.
4:21	mk26		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	οἱ ἀδελφοὶ	1	The word **brothers** means all believers, whether male or female. Alternate translation: “all the believers here”
4:22	tx26		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	ὁ Κύριος μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματός σου	1	Paul ends his letter with a blessing for Timothy. Here, **you** is singular and refers to Timothy. Alternate translation: “I pray that the Lord makes your spirit strong”
4:22	p119		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	ὁ Κύριος μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματός σου	1	Paul describes Timothy as a whole person by reference to his **spirit**, perhaps because he is wishing particularly for Timothy to receive spiritual strengthening. Alternate translation: “I pray that the Lord makes you strong” or “I pray that the Lord will strengthen you spiritually”
4:22	k85y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	ἡ χάρις μεθ’ ὑμῶν	1	Paul ends his letter with a second blessing. The **you** here is plural and refers to all of the believers who are with Timothy. Alternate translation: “May grace be with all of you there”
4:22	p120			ἡ χάρις μεθ’ ὑμῶν	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could state explicitly who Paul wishes will make this happen. Alternate translation: “May God give grace to all of you”