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RJH_fix_Ruth_snippets (#1353)

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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ RUT 1 8 hsf7 לְ⁠בֵ֣ית אִמָּ֑⁠הּ 1 to the house of her mother
RUT 1 8 i262 חֶ֔סֶד 1 covenant faithfulness **covenant faithfulness** is what someone does who is fulfilling all of his obligations and loyalties to another person. See the discussion in the introduction.
RUT 1 8 g4r8 figs-idiom עִם־הַ⁠מֵּתִ֖ים 1 with the dead ***to your husbands, who died***. Naomi was referring to her two sons that had died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 1 8 acb4 figs-nominaladj הַ⁠מֵּתִ֖ים 1 the dead ***your husbands, who died*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
RUT 1 9 pm6y יִתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ לָ⁠כֶ֔ם וּ⁠מְצֶ֣אןָ 1 May Yahweh grant to you that you shall find ***May Yahweh give you*** or ***May Yahweh allow you to have***
RUT 1 9 pm6y יִתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ לָ⁠כֶ֔ם וּ⁠מְצֶ֣אןָ 1 May Yahweh grant to you that you shall find ***May Yahweh give you*** or ***May Yahweh allow you to have***
RUT 1 9 c74v figs-metaphor וּ⁠מְצֶ֣אןָ מְנוּחָ֔ה 1 that you shall find rest **Rest** here does not refer to sitting down to rest. It means a place where these women would belong, a home for them, which would include the security that comes through marriage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
RUT 1 9 v2vx figs-metonymy בֵּ֣ית אִישָׁ֑⁠הּ 1 in the house of her husband This means with new husbands, not with their previous husbands who died or with someone else’s husband. ***House*** refers to both a physical house that belongs to the husband, and to the protection from shame and poverty that a husband provides. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
RUT 1 9 t69w figs-idiom וַ⁠תִּשֶּׂ֥אנָה קוֹלָ֖⁠ן וַ⁠תִּבְכֶּֽינָה 1 and they lifted up their voices and cried To raise the voice is an idiom for speaking loudly. The daughters cried out loud or wept bitterly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ RUT 2 2 j59b figs-idiom אֶמְצָא־חֵ֖ן בְּ⁠עֵינָ֑י⁠ו 1
RUT 2 2 abc5 figs-metaphor בְּ⁠עֵינָ֑י⁠ו 1 in whose eyes The **eyes** are a metonym that represents seeing, and seeing is a metaphor for knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. Alternate translation: “who will decide [to be kind to me]” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
RUT 2 2 ed93 בִתִּֽ⁠י 1 my daughter Ruth was caring for Naomi as if she were her own mother, and Naomi addressed Ruth affectionately as her daughter. If this is confusing in your language, use the term that would indicate this kind of close relationship between two women in your language.
RUT 2 3 ht73 וַ⁠יִּ֣קֶר מִקְרֶ֔⁠הָ 1 by chance This means that Ruth was not aware that the field that she picked to glean in belonged to Naomi’s relative Boaz.
RUT 2 3 ab11 מִ⁠מִּשְׁפַּ֥חַת אֱלִימֶֽלֶךְ 1 from the clan of Elimelek The use of the term ***clan*** here means that Boaz was related to Elimelek but did not have the same parents as Elimelek. The text is not saying that the clan was named after Elimelek or that Elimelek was the patriarch or leader of the clan.
RUT 2 3 ab11 מִ⁠מִּשְׁפַּ֥חַת אֱלִימֶֽלֶךְ 1 from the clan of Elimelek The use of the term ***clan*** here means that Boaz was related to Elimelek but did not have the same parents as Elimelek. The text is not saying that the clan was named after Elimelek or that Elimelek was the patriarch or leader of the clan.
RUT 2 4 vys2 figs-informremind וְ⁠הִנֵּה 1 Then behold, The word **behold** alerts us to the important event of Boaz arriving at the field and seeing Ruth for the first time. Your language may also have a specific way of alerting someone to pay careful attention to what happens next in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-informremind]])
RUT 2 4 q1lv בָּ֚א מִ⁠בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם 1 coming from Bethlehem The fields were an unspecified distance outside of Bethlehem.
RUT 2 4 r4bl יְבָרֶכְ⁠ךָ֥ יְהוָֽה 1 May Yahweh bless you ***May Yahweh do good things for you***. This is a general blessing.
@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ RUT 3 4 jdr5 figs-imperative וִ⁠יהִ֣י 1 And let it be that ***Then do l
RUT 3 4 ab21 grammar-connect-time-background בְ⁠שָׁכְב֗⁠וֹ 1 when he lies down, This is a background clause, explaining when Ruth should watch to see where Boaz sleeps. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
RUT 3 4 ln1m translate-symaction וְ⁠גִלִּ֥ית מַרְגְּלֹתָ֖י⁠ו 1 and uncover his feet This means to remove the cloak or blanket covering his feet (or legs). Perhaps this action by a woman could be interpreted as a proposal of marriage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
RUT 3 4 ab23 מַרְגְּלֹתָ֖י⁠ו 1 his feet The word used here could refer to his feet or his legs.
RUT 3 4 l4we וְשָׁכָ֑בְתְּ 1 and lie down ***and lie down there***
RUT 3 4 l4we וְשָׁכָ֑בְתְּ 1 and lie down ***and lie down there***
RUT 3 4 w1u5 וְ⁠הוּא֙ יַגִּ֣יד לָ֔⁠ךְ אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעַשִֽׂי⁠ן 1 Then he, himself, will tell you what you should do The specific custom of that time is unclear, but Naomi appears to believe that Boaz will understand Ruth’s action as a proposal of marriage. Boaz will then either accept or reject her offer.
RUT 3 4 nn4g וְ⁠הוּא֙ יַגִּ֣יד 1 Then he, himself, will tell ***When he wakes up, he will tell***
RUT 3 6 ab22 figs-events וַ⁠תַּ֕עַשׂ כְּ⁠כֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוַּ֖תָּ⁠ה חֲמוֹתָֽ⁠הּ׃ 1 and did according to everything that her mother-in-law had instructed her. This statement summarizes the actions that Ruth will do in verse 7. If people understand from this that Ruth did these actions in verse 6 and then did them again in verse 7, then you could translate this sentence as ***and she obeyed her mother-in-law***. Or if it would make the order of events more clear, you could move this sentence to the end of verse 7, then combine the verse numbers as a verse bridge (6-7). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ RUT 3 12 ab30 grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְ⁠גַ֛ם יֵ֥שׁ 1 but t
RUT 3 12 fvq5 גֹּאֵ֖ל קָר֥וֹב מִמֶּֽ⁠נִּי 1 a kinsman-redeemer…nearer than I It was the duty of the male relative who was closest in family relationship to the man who died to help his widow. See how you translated **kinsman-redeemer** in [2:20](../02/20/zu5f) and make sure that it also makes sense here.
RUT 3 13 gcl8 figs-explicit אִם־יִגְאָלֵ֥⁠ךְ 1 if he will redeem you ***redeem*** here means “marry according to our custom concerning widows.” Boaz is referring to the expectation that the closest male relative of Ruth’s dead husband would marry her and raise a son to carry on the dead man’s family name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
RUT 3 13 tkz9 חַי־יְהוָ֑ה 1 as Yahweh lives ***as surely as Yahweh lives*** or ***by the life of Yahweh***. This was a common Hebrew vow that obligated the speaker to perform what he said. Use the normal phrasing for a vow in your language.
RUT 3 14 vn8p וַ⁠תִּשְׁכַּ֤ב מַרְגְּלוֹתָיו֙ 1 So she lay at his feet Ruth slept at Boaz’s feet. They did not have sex.
RUT 3 14 vn8p וַ⁠תִּשְׁכַּ֤ב מַרְגְּלוֹתָיו֙ 1 So she lay at his feet Ruth slept at Boaz’s feet. They did not have sex.
RUT 3 14 dwx1 figs-idiom בְּטֶ֛רֶם יַכִּ֥יר אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֑⁠הוּ 1 before a man could recognize his friend This is an idiom that referred to a condition of darkness. Alternate translation: “while it was still dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
RUT 3 15 hj1e הַ⁠מִּטְפַּ֧חַת 1 the cloak a thick piece of cloth worn over the shoulders for warmth
RUT 3 15 f5zg שֵׁשׁ־שְׂעֹרִים֙ 1 six measures of barley The actual amount is not stated. It was enough to be considered generous, yet small enough for Ruth to carry alone. Most scholars think it was around 25 to 30 kilograms.
@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ RUT 3 16 w9p9 אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָֽשָׂה־לָ֖⁠הּ
RUT 3 17 abca שֵׁשׁ־הַ⁠שְּׂעֹרִ֥ים 1 six measures of barley See how you translated this in [3:15](../03/15/f5zg).
RUT 3 17 e9xx figs-idiom אַל־תָּב֥וֹאִי רֵיקָ֖ם 1 You must not go empty To ***go empty-handed*** is an idiom that means to go to someone with nothing to offer that person. Alternate translation: ***Do not go empty-handed*** or ***Do not go with nothing*** or ***You must take something*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
RUT 3 18 ab36 figs-idiom שְׁבִ֣י בִתִּ֔⁠י 1 sit, my daughter ***Sit*** is an idiom that means that Ruth should calmly wait. Alternate translation: “Wait here” or “Be patient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 3 18 ab35 בִתִּ֔⁠י 1 my daughter See how you translated this in 1:11-13; 2:2, 8, 22; 3:1, 10, 11, 16.
RUT 3 18 ab35 בִתִּ֔⁠י 1 my daughter See how you translated this in 1:11-13; 2:2, 8, 22; 3:1, 10, 11, 16.
RUT 3 18 ab37 figs-idiom אֵ֖יךְ יִפֹּ֣ל דָּבָ֑ר 1 how the matter falls This is an idiom that means “how the situation will turn out” or “what will happen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 3 18 ab38 figs-doublenegatives לֹ֤א יִשְׁקֹט֙ הָ⁠אִ֔ישׁ כִּֽי־אִם־כִּלָּ֥ה הַ⁠דָּבָ֖ר 1 the man will not rest unless he has finished this matter This can be stated positively: ***the man will certainly settle this matter*** or ***the man will surely resolve this issue***. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
RUT 3 18 u5rn אִם־כִּלָּ֥ה הַ⁠דָּבָ֖ר 1 he has finished this matter ***This matter*** refers to the decision about who will buy Naomi’s property and marry Ruth.
@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ RUT 4 6 sa7h גְּאַל־לְ⁠ךָ֤ אַתָּה֙ אֶת־גְּאֻלּ
RUT 4 7 wga9 writing-background וְ⁠זֹאת֩ 1 Now…this is how ***Now this was the custom***. The writer of the book stops telling the story in order to give some background information that explains the custom of exchange during the time of Ruth. Use your language’s way of giving background information in a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
RUT 4 7 lgf5 writing-background לְ⁠פָנִ֨ים 1 in earlier times ***in earlier times*** or ***long ago***. This implies that this custom was no longer practiced when the book of Ruth was written. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
RUT 4 7 d46w לְ⁠רֵעֵ֑⁠הוּ 1 to his friend ***to the other person***. This refers to the person with whom he was making the agreement. In this situation the near kinsman gave Boaz his sandal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
RUT 4 8 ab44 וַ⁠יֹּ֧אמֶר הַ⁠גֹּאֵ֛ל 1 So the kinsman-redeemer said The events of the story start again here after the background information of verse 7. Use your language’s way of starting to tell the events of the story again.
RUT 4 8 ab44 וַ⁠יֹּ֧אמֶר הַ⁠גֹּאֵ֛ל 1 So the kinsman-redeemer said The events of the story start again here after the background information of verse 7. Use your language’s way of starting to tell the events of the story again.
RUT 4 9 zz42 figs-hyperbole לַ⁠זְּקֵנִ֜ים וְ⁠כָל־הָ⁠עָ֗ם 1 to the elders and to all the people This refers to all the people who were present at the meeting place, not to everyone in the town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
RUT 4 9 lwx9 figs-synecdoche מִ⁠יַּ֖ד נָעֳמִֽי 1 from the hand of Naomi The hand of Naomi represents Naomi. Since her husband and sons had died, the right to the property belonged to her. Alternate translation: “from Naomi” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
RUT 4 9 img5 כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֶֽ⁠אֱלִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְ⁠אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְ⁠כִלְי֖וֹן וּ⁠מַחְל֑וֹן 1 everything that belonged to Elimelek and everything that belonged to Kilion and Mahlon This refers to all the land and possessions of Naomi’s dead husband and sons.

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
24 RUT 1 8 i262 חֶ֔סֶד 1 covenant faithfulness **covenant faithfulness** is what someone does who is fulfilling all of his obligations and loyalties to another person. See the discussion in the introduction.
25 RUT 1 8 g4r8 figs-idiom עִם־הַ⁠מֵּתִ֖ים 1 with the dead ***to your husbands, who died***. Naomi was referring to her two sons that had died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
26 RUT 1 8 acb4 figs-nominaladj הַ⁠מֵּתִ֖ים 1 the dead ***your husbands, who died*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
27 RUT 1 9 pm6y יִתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ לָ⁠כֶ֔ם וּ⁠מְצֶ֣אןָ יִתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ לָ⁠כֶ֔ם וּ⁠מְצֶ֣אןָ 1 May Yahweh grant to you that you shall find ***May Yahweh give you*** or ***May Yahweh allow you to have***
28 RUT 1 9 c74v figs-metaphor וּ⁠מְצֶ֣אןָ מְנוּחָ֔ה 1 that you shall find rest **Rest** here does not refer to sitting down to rest. It means a place where these women would belong, a home for them, which would include the security that comes through marriage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
29 RUT 1 9 v2vx figs-metonymy בֵּ֣ית אִישָׁ֑⁠הּ 1 in the house of her husband This means with new husbands, not with their previous husbands who died or with someone else’s husband. ***House*** refers to both a physical house that belongs to the husband, and to the protection from shame and poverty that a husband provides. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
30 RUT 1 9 t69w figs-idiom וַ⁠תִּשֶּׂ֥אנָה קוֹלָ֖⁠ן וַ⁠תִּבְכֶּֽינָה 1 and they lifted up their voices and cried To raise the voice is an idiom for speaking loudly. The daughters cried out loud or wept bitterly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
77 RUT 2 2 abc5 figs-metaphor בְּ⁠עֵינָ֑י⁠ו 1 in whose eyes The **eyes** are a metonym that represents seeing, and seeing is a metaphor for knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. Alternate translation: “who will decide [to be kind to me]” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
78 RUT 2 2 ed93 בִתִּֽ⁠י 1 my daughter Ruth was caring for Naomi as if she were her own mother, and Naomi addressed Ruth affectionately as her daughter. If this is confusing in your language, use the term that would indicate this kind of close relationship between two women in your language.
79 RUT 2 3 ht73 וַ⁠יִּ֣קֶר מִקְרֶ֔⁠הָ 1 by chance This means that Ruth was not aware that the field that she picked to glean in belonged to Naomi’s relative Boaz.
80 RUT 2 3 ab11 מִ⁠מִּשְׁפַּ֥חַת אֱלִימֶֽלֶךְ מִ⁠מִּשְׁפַּ֥חַת אֱלִימֶֽלֶךְ 1 from the clan of Elimelek The use of the term ***clan*** here means that Boaz was related to Elimelek but did not have the same parents as Elimelek. The text is not saying that the clan was named after Elimelek or that Elimelek was the patriarch or leader of the clan.
81 RUT 2 4 vys2 figs-informremind וְ⁠הִנֵּה 1 Then behold, The word **behold** alerts us to the important event of Boaz arriving at the field and seeing Ruth for the first time. Your language may also have a specific way of alerting someone to pay careful attention to what happens next in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-informremind]])
82 RUT 2 4 q1lv בָּ֚א מִ⁠בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם 1 coming from Bethlehem The fields were an unspecified distance outside of Bethlehem.
83 RUT 2 4 r4bl יְבָרֶכְ⁠ךָ֥ יְהוָֽה 1 May Yahweh bless you ***May Yahweh do good things for you***. This is a general blessing.
158 RUT 3 4 ab21 grammar-connect-time-background בְ⁠שָׁכְב֗⁠וֹ 1 when he lies down, This is a background clause, explaining when Ruth should watch to see where Boaz sleeps. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
159 RUT 3 4 ln1m translate-symaction וְ⁠גִלִּ֥ית מַרְגְּלֹתָ֖י⁠ו 1 and uncover his feet This means to remove the cloak or blanket covering his feet (or legs). Perhaps this action by a woman could be interpreted as a proposal of marriage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
160 RUT 3 4 ab23 מַרְגְּלֹתָ֖י⁠ו 1 his feet The word used here could refer to his feet or his legs.
161 RUT 3 4 l4we וְשָׁכָ֑בְתְּ וְשָׁכָ֑בְתְּ 1 and lie down ***and lie down there***
162 RUT 3 4 w1u5 וְ⁠הוּא֙ יַגִּ֣יד לָ֔⁠ךְ אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעַשִֽׂי⁠ן 1 Then he, himself, will tell you what you should do The specific custom of that time is unclear, but Naomi appears to believe that Boaz will understand Ruth’s action as a proposal of marriage. Boaz will then either accept or reject her offer.
163 RUT 3 4 nn4g וְ⁠הוּא֙ יַגִּ֣יד 1 Then he, himself, will tell ***When he wakes up, he will tell***
164 RUT 3 6 ab22 figs-events וַ⁠תַּ֕עַשׂ כְּ⁠כֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוַּ֖תָּ⁠ה חֲמוֹתָֽ⁠הּ׃ 1 and did according to everything that her mother-in-law had instructed her. This statement summarizes the actions that Ruth will do in verse 7. If people understand from this that Ruth did these actions in verse 6 and then did them again in verse 7, then you could translate this sentence as ***and she obeyed her mother-in-law***. Or if it would make the order of events more clear, you could move this sentence to the end of verse 7, then combine the verse numbers as a verse bridge (6-7). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
186 RUT 3 12 fvq5 גֹּאֵ֖ל קָר֥וֹב מִמֶּֽ⁠נִּי 1 a kinsman-redeemer…nearer than I It was the duty of the male relative who was closest in family relationship to the man who died to help his widow. See how you translated **kinsman-redeemer** in [2:20](../02/20/zu5f) and make sure that it also makes sense here.
187 RUT 3 13 gcl8 figs-explicit אִם־יִגְאָלֵ֥⁠ךְ 1 if he will redeem you ***redeem*** here means “marry according to our custom concerning widows.” Boaz is referring to the expectation that the closest male relative of Ruth’s dead husband would marry her and raise a son to carry on the dead man’s family name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
188 RUT 3 13 tkz9 חַי־יְהוָ֑ה 1 as Yahweh lives ***as surely as Yahweh lives*** or ***by the life of Yahweh***. This was a common Hebrew vow that obligated the speaker to perform what he said. Use the normal phrasing for a vow in your language.
189 RUT 3 14 vn8p וַ⁠תִּשְׁכַּ֤ב מַרְגְּלוֹתָיו֙ וַ⁠תִּשְׁכַּ֤ב מַרְגְּלוֹתָיו֙ 1 So she lay at his feet Ruth slept at Boaz’s feet. They did not have sex.
190 RUT 3 14 dwx1 figs-idiom בְּטֶ֛רֶם יַכִּ֥יר אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֑⁠הוּ 1 before a man could recognize his friend This is an idiom that referred to a condition of darkness. Alternate translation: “while it was still dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
191 RUT 3 15 hj1e הַ⁠מִּטְפַּ֧חַת 1 the cloak a thick piece of cloth worn over the shoulders for warmth
192 RUT 3 15 f5zg שֵׁשׁ־שְׂעֹרִים֙ 1 six measures of barley The actual amount is not stated. It was enough to be considered generous, yet small enough for Ruth to carry alone. Most scholars think it was around 25 to 30 kilograms.
198 RUT 3 17 abca שֵׁשׁ־הַ⁠שְּׂעֹרִ֥ים 1 six measures of barley See how you translated this in [3:15](../03/15/f5zg).
199 RUT 3 17 e9xx figs-idiom אַל־תָּב֥וֹאִי רֵיקָ֖ם 1 You must not go empty To ***go empty-handed*** is an idiom that means to go to someone with nothing to offer that person. Alternate translation: ***Do not go empty-handed*** or ***Do not go with nothing*** or ***You must take something*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
200 RUT 3 18 ab36 figs-idiom שְׁבִ֣י בִתִּ֔⁠י 1 sit, my daughter ***Sit*** is an idiom that means that Ruth should calmly wait. Alternate translation: “Wait here” or “Be patient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
201 RUT 3 18 ab35 בִתִּ֔⁠י בִתִּ֔⁠י 1 my daughter See how you translated this in 1:11-13; 2:2, 8, 22; 3:1, 10, 11, 16.
202 RUT 3 18 ab37 figs-idiom אֵ֖יךְ יִפֹּ֣ל דָּבָ֑ר 1 how the matter falls This is an idiom that means “how the situation will turn out” or “what will happen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
203 RUT 3 18 ab38 figs-doublenegatives לֹ֤א יִשְׁקֹט֙ הָ⁠אִ֔ישׁ כִּֽי־אִם־כִּלָּ֥ה הַ⁠דָּבָ֖ר 1 the man will not rest unless he has finished this matter This can be stated positively: ***the man will certainly settle this matter*** or ***the man will surely resolve this issue***. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
204 RUT 3 18 u5rn אִם־כִּלָּ֥ה הַ⁠דָּבָ֖ר 1 he has finished this matter ***This matter*** refers to the decision about who will buy Naomi’s property and marry Ruth.
228 RUT 4 7 wga9 writing-background וְ⁠זֹאת֩ 1 Now…this is how ***Now this was the custom***. The writer of the book stops telling the story in order to give some background information that explains the custom of exchange during the time of Ruth. Use your language’s way of giving background information in a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
229 RUT 4 7 lgf5 writing-background לְ⁠פָנִ֨ים 1 in earlier times ***in earlier times*** or ***long ago***. This implies that this custom was no longer practiced when the book of Ruth was written. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
230 RUT 4 7 d46w לְ⁠רֵעֵ֑⁠הוּ 1 to his friend ***to the other person***. This refers to the person with whom he was making the agreement. In this situation the near kinsman gave Boaz his sandal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
231 RUT 4 8 ab44 וַ⁠יֹּ֧אמֶר הַ⁠גֹּאֵ֛ל וַ⁠יֹּ֧אמֶר הַ⁠גֹּאֵ֛ל 1 So the kinsman-redeemer said The events of the story start again here after the background information of verse 7. Use your language’s way of starting to tell the events of the story again.
232 RUT 4 9 zz42 figs-hyperbole לַ⁠זְּקֵנִ֜ים וְ⁠כָל־הָ⁠עָ֗ם 1 to the elders and to all the people This refers to all the people who were present at the meeting place, not to everyone in the town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
233 RUT 4 9 lwx9 figs-synecdoche מִ⁠יַּ֖ד נָעֳמִֽי 1 from the hand of Naomi The hand of Naomi represents Naomi. Since her husband and sons had died, the right to the property belonged to her. Alternate translation: “from Naomi” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
234 RUT 4 9 img5 כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֶֽ⁠אֱלִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְ⁠אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְ⁠כִלְי֖וֹן וּ⁠מַחְל֑וֹן 1 everything that belonged to Elimelek and everything that belonged to Kilion and Mahlon This refers to all the land and possessions of Naomi’s dead husband and sons.