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Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
MAL front intro axt4 0 # Introduction to Malachi<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Malachi<br><br>1. The word of Yahweh comes to Israel (1:1)<br>1. Yahweh loves Israel and rejects Esau (Edom) (1:2–5)<br>1. A message against the priests (1:6–2:9)<br>1. A message against Judah: they have broken faith by divorcing and intermarrying (2:10–16)<br>1. A message about the day of refining (2:17–3:6)<br>1. A message about tithing (3:7–12)<br>1. A message about those who others treated shamefully, but who were faithful to Yahweh (3:13–18)<br>1. Yahweh will punish the wicked and send Elijah before the “great and terrible day of Yahweh” (4:5–6)<br><br>### What is the Book of Malachi about?<br><br>The Book of Malachi is about the prophecies that Malachi spoke to the Jews who had returned from Babylon to Judah. At that time, the Jews were discouraged even though they had finished building a new temple. The wonderful things that previous prophets had promised for Judah had not yet happened. And the Persian Empire still ruled over them. As a result, they no longer were concerned about the law or worshiping Yahweh. Malachi rebuked them for not trusting in Yahweh. But he also promised them that Yahweh would do everything that he promised to do.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>This book traditionally has been titled “Malachi” or “The Book of Malachi.” Translators may decide to call it “The Book about Malachi” or “The Sayings of Malachi.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Malachi?<br><br>The prophet Malachi wrote these messages from Yahweh to the Jews. However, since “Malachi” means “my messenger,” it is possible that this was a title for this prophet. If so, we do not know his real name.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What was meant by the day of Yahweh?<br><br>Malachi spoke about “the day” several times. This is the same as “the day of Yahweh.” In the Book of Malachi, this is the time when Yahweh would judge his people. He would remove those who wickedly sin and bless those who trust in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
MAL 1 intro b7vm 0 # Malachi 1 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh of hosts<br><br>This is an important title used in this chapter. It reminds the reader of the great power Yahweh has to punish the nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. They all have a rather dramatic effect. They increase the emotional connotations of what is being said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 1 1 qm8z מַשָּׂ֥א דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בְּ⁠יַ֖ד מַלְאָכִֽי 1 The declaration of the word of Yahweh to Israel by the hand of Malachi If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “This is the declaration of the word of Yahweh to Israel by the hand of Malachi”
MAL 1 1 x4vm יְהוָ֖ה 1 Yahweh **Yahewh** is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
MAL 1 1 lx85 figs-idiom בְּ⁠יַ֖ד מַלְאָכִֽי 1 by the hand of Malachi The phrase **by the hand of** is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Malachi to deliver his message. Alternate translation: “through Malachi” or “spoken to them by Malachi” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAL 1 2 vb2m figs-rquestion בַּ⁠מָּ֣ה אֲהַבְתָּ֑⁠נוּ 1 How have you loved us? This question indicates that the people doubt the truth of what God says. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not shown that you love us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 1 2 cy61 figs-rquestion הֲ⁠לוֹא־אָ֨ח עֵשָׂ֤ו לְ⁠יַֽעֲקֹב֙ 1 Was not Esau Jacob’s brother? This question, a reply of Yahweh reminding the people of their nation’s history, may also be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that Esau was Jacob’s brother.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 1 2 l68t נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה 1 declares Yahweh Alternate translation: “Yahweh has solemnly said this”
MAL 1 2 ef9g figs-explicit וָ⁠אֹהַ֖ב אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹֽב 1 I have loved Jacob Here **loved** implies a relationship of loyalty between Yahweh and **Jacob**, in which a covenant existed between them. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “as you know, I obligated myself with a covenant to love Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MAL 1 2 j176 figs-synecdoche יַעֲקֹֽב 1 Jacob This name **Jacob** refers here not only to Jacob, but also to all his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MAL 1 3 xf47 עֵשָׂ֖ו שָׂנֵ֑אתִי 1 Esau I have hated Here **hated** implies that there was no covenant between Yahweh and Esau. However, it does not imply that Yahweh was emotionally against Esau.
MAL 1 3 e38q figs-synecdoche עֵשָׂ֖ו 1 Esau This name **Esau** refers here not only to Esau, but also to all his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MAL 1 3 t9bu אֶת־הָרָי⁠ו֙ 1 his mountains This refers to the hill country of Edom.
MAL 1 3 q6yq וְ⁠אֶת־נַחֲלָת֖⁠וֹ לְ⁠תַנּ֥וֹת מִדְבָּֽר 1 and I left his inheritance a place for the jackals of the wilderness In the Old Testament, the presence of wild animals such as **jackals** was a frequent description of land deserted by the people who once lived there.
MAL 1 3 rff9 figs-metaphor נַחֲלָת֖⁠וֹ 1 his inheritance Here **inheritance** stands for the region that Esau’s descendants, the nation of Edom, occupied. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 1 4 z8qd figs-metonymy כִּֽי־תֹאמַ֨ר אֱד֜וֹם 1 If Edom says Here **Edom** stands for the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “If the people of Edom say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 1 4 x6kr figs-metonymy וַ⁠אֲנִ֣י אֶהֱר֑וֹס 1 but I will tear down Here **tear down** stands for “destroy.” Alternate translation: “but I will destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 1 4 zv9v figs-abstractnouns גְּב֣וּל רִשְׁעָ֔ה 1 The country of wickedness Here **wickedness** stands either for wicked people or for wicked actions. Alternate translation: “country of wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 1 5 bq14 figs-synecdoche וְ⁠עֵינֵי⁠כֶ֖ם תִּרְאֶ֑ינָה 1 Your own eyes will see this Here **your own eyes** stands for the people themselves. Alternate translation: “You yourselves will see this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MAL 1 6 zu71 0 General Information: Yahweh rebukes the priests using an imaginary conversation in which the priests protest that they are doing right and Yahweh tells them what they are doing wrong.
MAL 1 6 u3vj figs-metonymy בּוֹזֵ֣י שְׁמִ֔⁠י 1 who despise my name Here **my name** stands for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “who treat me as though you hate me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 1 6 awt1 figs-rquestion בַּ⁠מֶּ֥ה בָזִ֖ינוּ אֶת־שְׁמֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 How have we despised your name? Here the priests are asking a question in order to state that they have not really despised Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have not really despised your name.” or “Tell us how we have despised your name, because we do not think that we have done so.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 1 7 dyc6 figs-metaphor לֶ֣חֶם מְגֹאָ֔ל 1 polluted food Here **polluted** describes anything that is not suitable to sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 1 7 v4at figs-rquestion בַּ⁠מֶּ֣ה גֵֽאַלְנ֑וּ⁠ךָ 1 How have we polluted you? Here the priests are asking a question in order to state that they have not really polluted Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have not polluted you.” or “Tell us how we have polluted you, because we do not think that we have done so.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 1 7 h6dv figs-metaphor גֵֽאַלְנ֑וּ⁠ךָ 1 polluted you This expression refers to insulting God by giving him unsuitable sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 1 7 efa3 שֻׁלְחַ֥ן 1 the table This refers to an altar.
MAL 1 7 xu5y figs-ellipsis בֶּ⁠אֱמָרְ⁠כֶ֕ם שֻׁלְחַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה נִבְזֶ֥ה הֽוּא 1 By saying that the table of Yahweh may be despised. This is the answer that Yahweh gives to the priests, but the full answer is only implied. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “You have polluted me by saying, ‘Yahweh’s table is contemptible.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
MAL 1 7 agd8 נִבְזֶ֥ה 1 despised regarded as worthless
MAL 1 8 zw52 figs-rquestion וְ⁠כִֽי־תַגִּשׁ֨וּ⁠ן עִוֵּ֤ר לִ⁠זְבֹּ֨חַ֙ אֵ֣ין רָ֔ע 1 When you offer blind animals for sacrifice, is that not evil? Here Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “You know very well that it is evil for you to offer blind animals for sacrifice!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 1 8 i5xb figs-rquestion וְ⁠כִ֥י תַגִּ֛ישׁוּ פִּסֵּ֥חַ וְ⁠חֹלֶ֖ה אֵ֣ין רָ֑ע 1 When you offer the lame and sick, is that not evil? Here Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “And you know very well that it is evil for you to offer lame and sick animals!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 1 8 f8k3 figs-hypo הַקְרִיבֵ֨⁠הוּ נָ֜א לְ⁠פֶחָתֶ֗⁠ךָ הֲ⁠יִּרְצְ⁠ךָ֙ א֚וֹ הֲ⁠יִשָּׂ֣א פָנֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 Present that to your governor! Will he accept you or will he lift up your face? The command in the first sentence functions as a hypothetical condition. Alternate translation: “If you present that to your governor, will he accept you or will he lift up your face?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
MAL 1 8 kw16 figs-rquestion הֲ⁠יִּרְצְ⁠ךָ֙ א֚וֹ הֲ⁠יִשָּׂ֣א פָנֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 Will he accept you or will he lift up your face? Here Yahweh asks this question in order to remind the people that their governor would never accept defective animals from them. Alternate translation: “If you do those things, you know that the governor will not accept you. He will not lift up your face.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 1 8 ch8q figs-idiom הֲ⁠יִשָּׂ֣א פָנֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 will he lift up your face Lifting up someone’s **face** refers to accepting him with favor. Alternate translation: “will he accept you with favor” or “will he agree to help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAL 1 8 j8zc הַקְרִיבֵ֨⁠הוּ נָ֜א 1 Present that give as a gift to show respect
MAL 1 9 d7q3 וְ⁠עַתָּ֛ה חַלּוּ־נָ֥א פְנֵי־אֵ֖ל וִֽ⁠יחָנֵ֑⁠נוּ 1 Now you keep asking the face of God, that he may be gracious to us Malachi is no longer speaking for God. He is talking directly to the Israelites; he is criticizing them for daring to think that God will have mercy on them.
MAL 1 9 kht7 figs-synecdoche חַלּוּ־נָ֥א פְנֵי־אֵ֖ל 1 entreat the face of God Here “face” stands for God and also for his presence. Alternate translation: “keep asking God in his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MAL 1 9 r5f4 figs-idiom מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶם֙ הָ֣יְתָה 1 But … that with such an offering in your hand Here **in your hand** is an idiom that means "with you." Alternate translation: “when you bring such an offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAL 1 9 ylm4 figs-rquestion מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶם֙ הָ֣יְתָה זֹּ֔את הֲ⁠יִשָּׂ֤א מִ⁠כֶּם֙ פָּנִ֔ים 1 But … that with such an offering in your hand, would he lift up any of your faces? Here Yahweh is asking a question in order to make a statement of rebuke. Alternate translation: “if you offer unacceptable offerings, he will certainly not lift up your faces.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 1 9 wg22 מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶם֙ הָ֣יְתָה זֹּ֔את 1 But … that with such an offering in your hand This difficult phrase in Hebrew is interpreted in many different ways by modern versions.
MAL 1 9 kmg8 figs-synecdoche מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶם֙ 1 in your hand Here **hand** stands for the people bringing the offering. Alternate translation: “brought by you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MAL 1 9 m84q figs-idiom הֲ⁠יִשָּׂ֤א מִ⁠כֶּם֙ פָּנִ֔ים 1 would he lift up any of your faces Lifting up someone’s face refers to accepting him with favor. Alternate translation: “would he accept any of you with favor” or “would he agree to help any of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAL 1 10 w5uc מִ֤י גַם 1 Oh, if only there were one This expresses great desire.
MAL 1 10 pv8h figs-metonymy וְ⁠לֹֽא־תָאִ֥ירוּ מִזְבְּחִ֖⁠י חִנָּ֑ם 1 so that you might not light fires on my altar in vain Here **light fires on my altar** stands for offering sacrifices on Yahweh’s altar. Alternate translation: “so that you might not make fires to burn offerings that I will not accept” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 1 10 ju31 figs-synecdoche מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶֽם 1 from your hand Here **your hand** stands for “you.” Alternate translation: “from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MAL 1 11 v4x9 figs-merism מִ⁠מִּזְרַח־שֶׁ֜מֶשׁ וְ⁠עַד־מְבוֹא֗⁠וֹ 1 from the rising of the sun to its setting This double expression means “everywhere.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
MAL 1 11 hl9y figs-parallelism מִ⁠מִּזְרַח־שֶׁ֜מֶשׁ וְ⁠עַד־מְבוֹא֗⁠וֹ 1 from the rising of the sun to its setting This expression is parallel to “among the nations” and “in every place” later in this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
MAL 1 11 ls76 figs-metonymy גָּד֤וֹל שְׁמִ⁠י֙ בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֔ם 1 my name will be great among the nations Here **my name** stands for Yahweh’s reputation and honor. Alternate translation: “I will be honored in other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 1 11 rx5c figs-activepassive וּ⁠בְ⁠כָל־מָק֗וֹם מֻקְטָ֥ר מֻגָּ֛שׁ לִ⁠שְׁמִ֖⁠י וּ⁠מִנְחָ֣ה טְהוֹרָ֑ה 1 in every place incense and pure offerings will be offered to my name This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “in these nations people will offer incense and pure offerings to me in order to worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAL 1 11 m2j4 figs-metonymy לִ⁠שְׁמִ֖⁠י 1 to my name Here **name** stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 1 12 n6gq figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠נִיב֖⁠וֹ…אָכְלֽ⁠וֹ 1 and that its fruit, its food This could mean: (1) “the meat sacrificed on the altar from animals whose other parts the priests should eat” or (2) “the meat sacrificed on the altar.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 1 13 la3n figs-idiom וְ⁠הִפַּחְתֶּ֣ם אוֹת֗⁠וֹ 1 and you snort at it This means to show great disrespect by making noises through the nose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAL 1 13 kz7p figs-rquestion הַ⁠אֶרְצֶ֥ה אוֹתָ֛⁠הּ מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 Should I accept this from your hand? Here Yahweh is asking a question in order to make a statement of rebuke. Alternate translation: “I should certainly not accept this from you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 1 13 nx88 figs-synecdoche מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 from your hand Here **your hand** stands for “you.” Alternate translation: “from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MAL 1 14 v5fd figs-activepassive וּ⁠שְׁמִ֖⁠י נוֹרָ֥א בַ⁠גּוֹיִֽם 1 and my name will be feared among the nations This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “people in the other nations honor my name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAL 1 14 z5ra figs-metonymy וּ⁠שְׁמִ֖⁠י נוֹרָ֥א בַ⁠גּוֹיִֽם 1 my name will be honored Here **my name** stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will be honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 2 intro jc2b 0 # Malachi 2 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Levites<br><br>The priests are given a strong warning in this chapter. They have not followed the law of Moses and have led the people in the wrong direction. Yahweh has not accepted their sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Marital unfaithfulness<br><br>Because the Jews lived under a covenantal arrangement with Yahweh, their relationship is described using the imagery of a marriage. Marital unfaithfulness indicates a person’s unfaithfulness to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 2 y1il figs-idiom לֹא֩ תָשִׂ֨ימוּ עַל־לֵ֜ב 1 you will not lay it on your heart To **lay it on your heart** refers to considering something to be very important. Alternate translation: “consider it to be very important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAL 2 2 w6cs figs-abstractnouns לָ⁠תֵ֧ת כָּב֣וֹד לִ⁠שְׁמִ֗⁠י 1 to give honor to my name If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **honor**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “honor my name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 2 2 e4vh figs-metonymy לִ⁠שְׁמִ֗⁠י 1 to my name Here **my name** refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 2 2 k5md figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠שִׁלַּחְתִּ֤י בָ⁠כֶם֙ אֶת־הַ⁠מְּאֵרָ֔ה 1 then I will send a curse on you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **curse**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will curse you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 2 2 b7vl figs-idiom אֵינְ⁠כֶ֖ם שָׂמִ֥ים עַל־לֵֽב 1 you are not laying my command on your heart This refers to considering God’s **command** to be very important. Alternate translation: “you are not considering my command to be very important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAL 2 3 vsb2 figs-metaphor וְ⁠זֵרִ֤יתִי פֶ֨רֶשׁ֙ עַל־פְּנֵי⁠כֶ֔ם 1 and I will spread dung on your faces Here **dung on your faces** stands for disgrace. Alternate translation: “I will most certainly put you in deep disgrace; it will be as bad as if I had spread dung on your faces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 3 skc9 figs-metonymy פֶּ֖רֶשׁ חַגֵּי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 the dung from your festivals Here **festivals** stands for the animals that the priests offered in sacrifice at the Israelite festivals. “The dung” probably refers both to the dung that was produced by the animals just before they were slaughtered for sacrifice, and to the dung that was found inside the animals when their bodies were cut apart before being sacrificed. Temple workers had to transport this dung to a place outside of the temple, and probably outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 2 3 m2bs figs-activepassive וְ⁠נָשָׂ֥א אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם אֵלָֽי⁠ו 1 and he will take you away with it This difficult expression can be translated as “God will take you away with it,” that is, with the dung. This expression continues the same metaphor of slaughtering animals for sacrifice, and it can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “they will throw you on the dung pile; God will make sure that they take you away when they remove all the dung” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAL 2 3 zti7 figs-metaphor וְ⁠נָשָׂ֥א אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם אֵלָֽי⁠ו 1 and he will take you away with it This could mean: (1) God will punish the unfaithful priests by killing them and causing their bodies to be carried away on the piles of animal dung, or (2) God will punish the unfaithful priests in such a horrible way that it will be as if their bodies had been carried away with the animal dung. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 4 cr4j figs-metonymy לֵוִ֔י 1 Levi Here **Levi** represents his descendants, the tribe of Levi. Alternate translation: “so that my covenant may be with you, the descendants of Levi” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 2 5 x7pv figs-metonymy 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks of the tribe of Levi as though they are Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 2 5 t8fs figs-metaphor בְּרִיתִ֣⁠י ׀ הָיְתָ֣ה אִתּ֗⁠וֹ הַֽ⁠חַיִּים֙ וְ⁠הַ֨⁠שָּׁל֔וֹם 1 My covenant with him was life and peace Here the intended results of the **covenant** are spoken of as if they were the covenant itself. Alternate translation: “The purpose of my covenant with Levi was for the priests to live in prosperity and peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 5 f2if figs-ellipsis מוֹרָ֖א וַ⁠יִּֽירָאֵ֑⁠נִי 1 it was a covenant of fear, and he feared me This expression continues the same metaphor, but leaves out an idea that is implied in the text. This can begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “My covenant with him was also fear, and he feared me” or “In my covenant with him, I required him to fear me, and he did fear me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
MAL 2 5 td35 figs-metonymy שְׁמִ֖⁠י 1 my name Here **my name** stands for God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 2 6 e73z figs-metonymy וְ⁠עַוְלָ֖ה לֹא־נִמְצָ֣א 1 and no wrong was found Here finding something stands for that thing existing. Alternate translation: “there was no falsehood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 2 6 pjq6 figs-metonymy בִ⁠שְׂפָתָ֑י⁠ו 1 on his lips Here **lips** stands for a person’s ability to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 2 6 u9rh figs-metaphor הָלַ֣ךְ אִתִּ֔⁠י 1 He walked with me Here walking stands for living, conducting one’s life in a certain way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 6 ws89 figs-metaphor בְּ⁠שָׁל֤וֹם וּ⁠בְ⁠מִישׁוֹר֙ 1 in peace and uprightness Here the idea of location stands for the manner in which Levi lived. Alternate translation: “peacefully and uprightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 6 p1lh figs-metaphor וְ⁠רַבִּ֖ים הֵשִׁ֥יב מֵ⁠עָוֺֽן 1 and he turned many away from iniquity Here persuading people to stop sinning is spoken of as if it were turning them away from sin. Alternate translation: “he persuaded many people to stop sinning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 7 kp5v figs-metaphor כִּֽי־שִׂפְתֵ֤י כֹהֵן֙ יִשְׁמְרוּ־דַ֔עַת 1 For the lips of a priest should preserve knowledge Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that a priest could keep. In this passage, the idea of “keep knowledge” implies communicating true knowledge about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 7 d2la figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠תוֹרָ֖ה יְבַקְשׁ֣וּ 1 and people should seek instruction Here instruction is spoken of as if it were an object that people could look for. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “and people should want to be instructed” or “and people should want a priest to teach them truly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 2 7 sp8u figs-metonymy מִ⁠פִּ֑י⁠הוּ 1 from his mouth Here **mouth** stands for what a person says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 2 8 si1s figs-metaphor וְ⁠אַתֶּם֙ סַרְתֶּ֣ם מִן־הַ⁠דֶּ֔רֶךְ 1 But you have turned aside from the way The right **way** to behave is spoken of as if it were the right path to follow, and abandoning right conduct is spoken of as if it were turning away from that path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 8 um6v figs-metaphor הִכְשַׁלְתֶּ֥ם רַבִּ֖ים 1 You have caused many to stumble Disobeying God is spoken of as if it were stumbling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 8 j9xs הִכְשַׁלְתֶּ֥ם רַבִּ֖ים בַּ⁠תּוֹרָ֑ה 1 You have caused many to stumble by your instruction The expression **by your instruction** gives the context for the “stumbling.” Alternate translation: “You have caused many to disobey the law”
MAL 2 9 gx4a figs-metaphor לְ⁠כָל־הָ⁠עָ֑ם 1 before all the people This spatial idea stands for the people’s awareness of the priests’ evil behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 9 wq7p figs-metaphor אֵֽינְ⁠כֶם֙ שֹׁמְרִ֣ים אֶת־דְּרָכַ֔⁠י 1 you have not kept my ways Here **ways** stands for “desires” and “behavior.” These ways are spoken of as if they were things that could be kept by people. Alternate translation: “you have not followed my desires in how you should live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 9 z4gm וְ⁠נֹשְׂאִ֥ים פָּנִ֖ים בַּ⁠תּוֹרָֽה 1 but have instead shown partiality in matters of the law Alternate translation: “but have set easy standards of behavior for people you like and difficult standards of behavior for people you do not like”
MAL 2 9 z9yt figs-metaphor וְ⁠נֹשְׂאִ֥ים פָּנִ֖ים 1 but have instead shown partiality Here the habit of favoring some people more than others is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be shown to others. Alternate translation: “but have made people aware that you favor some people more than others (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 10 h2mp 0 General Information: Here the prophet Malachi begins to speak to his fellow Israelites.
MAL 2 10 e1l1 figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֨וֹא אָ֤ב אֶחָד֙ לְ⁠כֻלָּ֔⁠נוּ הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא אֵ֥ל אֶֽחָ֖ד בְּרָאָ֑⁠נוּ 1 Is there not one father for us all? Has not one God created us? Malachi asks these questions in order to remind his fellow Israelites about what they already know. Alternate translation: “You know that we all have one father, that our God has created a nation out of us.” or “You all know that God is the father of all us Israelites, because he is the one who made our nation.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 2 10 q37t figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא אֵ֥ל אֶֽחָ֖ד בְּרָאָ֑⁠נוּ 1 Has not one God created us? This question is meant to express a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly it is the same God who has created us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 2 10 t4al בְּרָאָ֑⁠נוּ 1 created us This probably refers to God forming the Hebrews into a nation.
MAL 2 10 rm21 figs-rquestion מַדּ֗וּעַ נִבְגַּד֙ אִ֣ישׁ בְּ⁠אָחִ֔י⁠ו לְ⁠חַלֵּ֖ל בְּרִ֥ית אֲבֹתֵֽי⁠נוּ 1 Why are we faithless each man against his brother, profaning the covenant of our fathers? Malachi asks this question in order to rebuke his fellow Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We should certainly not mistreat our brothers and disrespect God’s covenant by disobeying his commands, as you have been doing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 2 11 h25u figs-metonymy בָּגְדָ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה 1 Judah has been faithless Here **Judah** stands for the people in the region of Judah, and the fact that they have been faithless to Yahweh is spoken of as if they were one man named **Judah**. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah have been faithless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 2 11 ef4l figs-activepassive וְ⁠תוֹעֵבָ֛ה נֶעֶשְׂתָ֥ה בְ⁠יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּ⁠בִ⁠ירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם 1 An abomination has been committed in Israel and in Jerusalem This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “People have done disgusting things in Israel and in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAL 2 11 zbw5 figs-metonymy כִּ֣י ׀ חִלֵּ֣ל יְהוּדָ֗ה קֹ֤דֶשׁ יְהוָה֙ 1 For Judah has profaned the sanctuary of Yahweh Here **Judah** refers again to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “For the people of Judah have profaned the holy place of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 2 11 h7i9 figs-metonymy וּ⁠בָעַ֖ל בַּת־אֵ֥ל נֵכָֽר 1 and has married the daughter of a foreign god The people of Judah are again referred to as if they were one man named “Judah.” Alternate translation: “have married women from other nations, women who worship idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 2 12 bxx3 figs-metaphor יַכְרֵ֨ת יְהוָ֜ה לָ⁠אִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר…מֵ⁠אָהֳלֵ֖י יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב 1 May Yahweh cut off from the tents of Jacob the man who Destroying something is often spoken of as it were cutting it off from something else. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh destroy anyone in the tents of Jacob who” or “May Yahweh kill anyone in the community of Israel who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 12 tkp6 figs-metaphor מֵ⁠אָהֳלֵ֖י יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב 1 from the tents of Jacob Here **tents of Jacob** stands for the community of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 12 f33m figs-metonymy יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב 1 Jacob Here **Jacob** stands for all the Israelites, because Jacob was one of the patriarchs from whom the Israelites were descended. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 2 12 vdy5 figs-idiom עֵ֣ר וְ⁠עֹנֶ֔ה 1 the one who is awake and the one who answers This expression seems to mean “absolutely everyone.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAL 2 13 jvgp figs-hyperbole כַּסּ֤וֹת דִּמְעָה֙ אֶת־מִזְבַּ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה בְּכִ֖י וַֽ⁠אֲנָקָ֑ה מֵ⁠אֵ֣ין ע֗וֹד פְּנוֹת֙ אֶל־הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֔ה וְ⁠לָ⁠קַ֥חַת רָצ֖וֹן מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶֽם 1 You cover the altar of Yahweh with tears, with weeping and groaning, because he still does not turn toward the offering or accept it with favor from your hand Malachi sarcastically exaggerates the amount of tears the people cry to show that Yahweh knows that the people do not really feel sad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
MAL 2 13 rx8e figs-doublet בְּכִ֖י וַֽ⁠אֲנָקָ֑ה 1 with weeping and groaning The words **weeping** and **groaning** share similar meanings and intensify the idea of weeping. Alternate translation: “with great weeping” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
MAL 2 13 gt5u figs-metonymy מֵ⁠אֵ֣ין ע֗וֹד פְּנוֹת֙ אֶל־הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֔ה 1 because he still does not turn toward the offering Here turning toward a gift stands for receiving it and showing favor to the giver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 2 13 lbk9 figs-explicit מֵ⁠אֵ֣ין ע֗וֹד פְּנוֹת֙ אֶל־הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֔ה 1 because he still does not turn toward the offering This implies that those who are weeping at Yahweh’s altar have offered sacrifices to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MAL 2 13 y3lr figs-synecdoche מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶֽם 1 from your hand Here **hand** stands for the person giving the offering. Alternate translation: “from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MAL 2 14 n6ul figs-ellipsis עַל־מָ֑ה 1 Why does he not? The full thought, as in [Malachi 2:13](../02/13.md), is “Why does he not turn toward the offering or accept it with favor from our hand?” Some translators may decide to provide this entire thought in their versions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
MAL 2 14 u2qp אֵ֣שֶׁת נְעוּרֶ֗י⁠ךָ 1 the wife of your youth Alternate translation: “the woman you married when you were young”
MAL 2 14 xn6f writing-background יְהוָה֩ הֵעִ֨יד בֵּינְ⁠ךָ֜ וּ⁠בֵ֣ין ׀ אֵ֣שֶׁת נְעוּרֶ֗י⁠ךָ 1 Yahweh was a witness between you and the wife of your youth This statement assumes that this woman is still living. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
MAL 2 14 s3k3 figs-metaphor הֵעִ֨יד בֵּינְ⁠ךָ֜ וּ⁠בֵ֣ין ׀ אֵ֣שֶׁת נְעוּרֶ֗י⁠ךָ 1 was a witness between you and the wife of your youth Here Yahweh is spoken of as if he was a witness to an agreement between two people, standing between them in order to testify about what they agreed to, in case a dispute arises between them. This sentence also was meant to remind the people that Yahweh would punish any Israelite who broke the covenant of marriage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 14 mz1q writing-background וְ⁠הִ֥יא חֲבֶרְתְּ⁠ךָ֖ וְ⁠אֵ֥שֶׁת בְּרִיתֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 even though she was your companion and your wife by covenant This statement implies that many of the Israelites had divorced their wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
MAL 2 14 txe1 וְ⁠אֵ֥שֶׁת בְּרִיתֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 and your wife by covenant Alternate translation: “and your wife by the covenant of marriage that you agreed to”
MAL 2 15 x1gi figs-rquestion וְ⁠לֹא־אֶחָ֣ד עָשָׂ֗ה וּ⁠שְׁאָ֥ר ר֨וּחַ֙ ל֔⁠וֹ 1 Did he not make them one, with a portion of his spirit? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He certainly made husband and wife one, with a portion of his spirit.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 2 15 qfl1 writing-background וְ⁠לֹא־אֶחָ֣ד עָשָׂ֗ה 1 Did he not make them one This expression implies making husband and wife one flesh. Alternate translation: “Did God not make husband and wife one flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
MAL 2 15 i3ny זֶ֣רַע אֱלֹהִ֑ים 1 godly offspring Children who would honor and obey God.
MAL 2 16 hp7z figs-abstractnouns שָׂנֵ֣א שַׁלַּ֗ח 1 I hate divorce Here **divorce** stands for the act of divorce, when a man sends away his wife, so as to end his marriage to her. Alternate translation: “I hate it when a man divorces his wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 2 16 ly2g figs-idiom וְ⁠כִסָּ֤ה חָמָס֙ עַל־לְבוּשׁ֔⁠וֹ 1 and the one who covers his garment with violence This phrase probably means any man who is violent toward his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MAL 2 16 iv8h וְ⁠נִשְׁמַרְתֶּ֥ם בְּ⁠רוּחֲ⁠כֶ֖ם וְ⁠לֹ֥א תִבְגֹּֽדוּ 1 So guard yourselves in your spirit and do not be faithless Alternate translation: “So be careful to be loyal to your wife”
MAL 2 17 ug3a figs-metaphor הוֹגַעְתֶּ֤ם יְהוָה֙ 1 You have wearied Yahweh Yahweh is spoken of as if human behavior could make him tired, but God cannot grow weary in a physical or emotional sense. This statement probably means that Yahweh has become offended or exasperated. Alternate translation: “You have offended Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 17 d6k5 figs-rquestion בַּ⁠מָּ֣ה הוֹגָ֑עְנוּ 1 How have we wearied him? This question is meant to deny that the people have done any wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have certainly not wearied him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 2 17 ba81 figs-explicit בֶּ⁠אֱמָרְ⁠כֶ֗ם 1 By saying The complete idea here is, “You have wearied him by saying.” This is the prophet’s answer to the rhetorical question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MAL 2 17 wde5 figs-metaphor בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֣י 1 in the eyes of The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “in the opinion” or “in the judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 2 17 ze8s figs-rquestion אַיֵּ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַ⁠מִּשְׁפָּֽט 1 Where is the God of justice? The priests ask this question in order to claim either that Yahweh does not care whether people do evil or not, or that he never punishes evildoers. Alternate translation: “God certainly does not punish evil people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 2 17 kw1t אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַ⁠מִּשְׁפָּֽט 1 the God of justice the God who punishes evildoers justly
MAL 3 intro wb48 0 # Malachi 3 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Messiah<br><br>There are several prophecies in this chapter concerning the Messiah and the one who comes before the Messiah. At times, this chapter switches between prophesying about the first coming of the Messiah and the second coming of the Messiah without formal divisions between them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Several rhetorical questions are used in this chapter to convince the reader of the truth of what he is saying and of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
MAL 3 1 zeq2 0 General Information: Yahweh begins speaking again to the people of Israel in verse 1, but the prophet Malachi begins speaking in verse 2.
MAL 3 1 v6se הִנְ⁠נִ֤י 1 Behold Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
MAL 3 1 j5pe figs-metaphor וּ⁠פִנָּה־דֶ֖רֶךְ לְ⁠פָנָ֑⁠י 1 and he will prepare the way before me Here getting people ready to welcome Yahweh is spoken of as if a road were being cleared for Yahweh to travel on. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 3 1 d1j7 הָ⁠אָד֣וֹן ׀ אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֣ם מְבַקְשִׁ֗ים וּ⁠מַלְאַ֨ךְ הַ⁠בְּרִ֜ית אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֤ם חֲפֵצִים֙ 1 the Lord, whom you seek … The messenger of the covenant in whom you delight Some modern versions translate this in a way that implies that these two expressions refer to the same person. Other modern versions leave this matter ambiguous. We recommend that translations leave this matter ambiguous, as the ULT and UST do.
MAL 3 1 w8yf וּ⁠מַלְאַ֨ךְ הַ⁠בְּרִ֜ית 1 The messenger of the covenant Almost all versions leave ambiguous the sense of this expression. But translators may need to make explicit the relationship between “messenger” and “the covenant.” The UST presents “the messenger” as one promised by the covenant that Yahweh had with Israel. Another choice is to present the messenger as a person who will either confirm that covenant or announce a new covenant.
MAL 3 2 f24j figs-rquestion וּ⁠מִ֤י מְכַלְכֵּל֙ אֶת־י֣וֹם בּוֹא֔⁠וֹ וּ⁠מִ֥י הָ⁠עֹמֵ֖ד בְּ⁠הֵרָֽאוֹת֑⁠וֹ 1 But who can endure the day of his coming? Who will be able to stand when he appears? These rhetorical questions imply that no one will be able to resist Yahweh when he comes. They can be combined into one statement. Alternate translation: “However, no one will be able to resist Yahweh when he comes to judge them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 3 2 phd6 אֶת־י֣וֹם בּוֹא֔⁠וֹ 1 the day of his coming Here “day” stands for “time.” Alternate translation: “the time when he comes”
MAL 3 2 z2xe figs-metaphor הָ⁠עֹמֵ֖ד 1 can stand Here standing represents resisting someone’s attack or accusations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 3 2 iqv7 figs-simile כִּֽי־הוּא֙ כְּ⁠אֵ֣שׁ מְצָרֵ֔ף וּ⁠כְ⁠בֹרִ֖ית מְכַבְּסִֽים 1 For he will be like the fire of the refiner and like the soap of the fullers This sentence gives the reason why no one will be able to resist God when he comes. God’s power to judge the people and to stop them from sinning is spoken of as if it were the power of strong soap to clean clothes, or the power of fire to melt an object. These are ways of saying that God’s power to do these things cannot be stopped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MAL 3 3 pfr2 figs-simile וְ⁠יָשַׁ֨ב 1 He will sit Here sitting implies the action of a metalworker, who sits down in order to purify small amounts of gold or silver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MAL 3 3 bxz3 figs-metaphor וְ⁠טִהַ֤ר אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־לֵוִי֙ 1 and he will purify the sons of Levi Forgiving **the sons of Levi** and persuading them not to sin any longer is spoken of as if it were purifying metal. Alternate translation: “he will correct the sons of Levi and forgive them for having sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 3 3 tcd4 figs-metaphor בְּנֵֽי־לֵוִי֙ 1 the sons of Levi Here **sons** refers to descendants. The male descendants of Levi were the priests and workers in the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 3 3 q9li figs-simile וְ⁠זִקַּ֣ק אֹתָ֔⁠ם כַּ⁠זָּהָ֖ב וְ⁠כַ⁠כָּ֑סֶף 1 He will refine them like gold and silver Here persuading people not to sin any longer is spoken of as if a metalworker were making **gold and silver** more pure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MAL 3 3 n3xs וְ⁠הָיוּ֙ לַֽ⁠יהוָ֔ה מַגִּישֵׁ֥י מִנְחָ֖ה בִּ⁠צְדָקָֽה 1 and they will bring offerings in righteousness to Yahweh Here **in righteousness** means “motivated by righteous desires to worship God.” Alternate translation: “they will bring acceptable offerings to Yahweh in order to worship Yahweh”
MAL 3 4 ws2l figs-metonymy מִנְחַ֥ת יְהוּדָ֖ה וִ⁠ירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם 1 the offering of Judah and Jerusalem Here **Judah and Jerusalem** stands for the people in those places. Alternate translation: “the offerings brought by the people of Judah and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 3 4 y8h1 figs-parallelism כִּ⁠ימֵ֣י עוֹלָ֔ם וּ⁠כְ⁠שָׁנִ֖ים קַדְמֹנִיּֽוֹת 1 as in the days of old, and as in ancient years These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the offering was once pleasing to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “as it was in the distant past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
MAL 3 5 te3u figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠קָרַבְתִּ֣י אֲלֵי⁠כֶם֮ לַ⁠מִּשְׁפָּט֒ 1 Then I will approach you for judgment Here **judgment** refers to the act of judging. Alternate translation: “Then I will approach you in order to judge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 3 5 dx2i וּ⁠בְ⁠עֹשְׁקֵ֣י שְׂכַר־שָׂ֠כִיר 1 and against those who oppress the hired worker in his wages Alternate translation: “and against those who cause the hired worker to suffer by not paying him for his work”
MAL 3 5 k42e figs-explicit וּ⁠מַטֵּי־גֵר֙ 1 against those who turn aside the foreigner That is, **turn aside** the foreigner from gaining his rights. Depriving people of their rights is spoken of as if it were physically turning them away from oneself. Perhaps the idea is turning away someone who comes for a wrong to be set right. Alternate translation: “against those who deny foreigners living in Israel the rights that they should have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MAL 3 6 mep4 לֹ֥א כְלִיתֶֽם 1 have not come to an end Alternate translation: “have not perished”
MAL 3 7 ji32 figs-metaphor לְ⁠מִ⁠ימֵ֨י אֲבֹתֵי⁠כֶ֜ם סַרְתֶּ֤ם מֵֽ⁠חֻקַּ⁠י֙ וְ⁠לֹ֣א שְׁמַרְתֶּ֔ם 1 From the days of your fathers you have turned aside from my statutes and have not kept them Disobeying God’s **statutes** is spoken of as if it were turning away from them. Alternate translation: “You have disobeyed my statutes ever since the days of your ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 3 7 deh7 figs-metaphor שׁ֤וּבוּ אֵלַ⁠י֙ וְ⁠אָשׁ֣וּבָה אֲלֵי⁠כֶ֔ם 1 Return to me, and I will return to you Here loving each other and being faithful to each other is spoken of as if it were returning to each other. Alternate translation: “Love me and honor me, and I will always help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 3 7 l1ir figs-rquestion בַּ⁠מֶּ֥ה נָשֽׁוּב 1 How will we return? The people ask this question in order to claim that they have never stopped obeying God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have never gone away from you, so we cannot return to you.” or “We have never gone away from you, so it makes no sense to speak of us as returning to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 3 8 dn4i figs-rquestion הֲ⁠יִקְבַּ֨ע אָדָ֜ם אֱלֹהִ֗ים 1 Will a man rob God? This question implies that the idea of robbing God is very wicked. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “A man should certainly not rob God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 3 8 p8nl figs-123person הֲ⁠יִקְבַּ֨ע אָדָ֜ם אֱלֹהִ֗ים 1 Will a man rob God God speaks of himself in the third person Alternate translation: “No one should ever rob me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
MAL 3 8 ijc5 figs-rquestion בַּ⁠מֶּ֣ה קְבַעֲנ֑וּ⁠ךָ 1 How have we robbed you? This question implies that the people do not think they have robbed God. Alternate translation: “We have certainly not robbed you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 3 8 cy6m figs-explicit הַֽ⁠מַּעֲשֵׂ֖ר וְ⁠הַ⁠תְּרוּמָֽה 1 In tithes and offerings This reply from Yahweh implies a fuller answer. Alternate translation: “You have robbed me by withholding from me your tithes and offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MAL 3 9 grs1 figs-activepassive בַּ⁠מְּאֵרָה֙ אַתֶּ֣ם נֵֽאָרִ֔ים 1 You are cursed with a curse If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have certainly cursed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAL 3 9 mr47 וְ⁠אֹתִ֖⁠י אַתֶּ֣ם קֹבְעִ֑ים הַ⁠גּ֖וֹי כֻּלּֽ⁠וֹ 1 for you are robbing me, the whole nation of you Here **nation** stands for the people to whom Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: “for all of you in the whole nation are robbing me”
MAL 3 10 n4ch אֶת־כָּל־הַֽ⁠מַּעֲשֵׂ֜ר 1 the full tithe Alternate translation: “all the tithes”
MAL 3 10 dmr8 figs-metaphor בְּ⁠בֵיתִ֔⁠י 1 in my house Here **house** stands for the temple. Alternate translation: “in my temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 3 10 wcp4 figs-metaphor וּ⁠בְחָנ֤וּ⁠נִי נָא֙ בָּ⁠זֹ֔את…אִם־לֹ֧א אֶפְתַּ֣ח לָ⁠כֶ֗ם אֵ֚ת אֲרֻבּ֣וֹת הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֔יִם 1 and test me now in this … if I do not open to you the windows of heaven Here the command **test me** stands for something that the people can do and should do: “if you test me.” This can be divided into two sentences also. Alternate translation: “And if you test me … I will open up the windows of heaven” or “And you should test me … If you do, I will open up the windows of heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 3 12 mfq1 figs-metaphor וְ⁠אִשְּׁר֥וּ אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם כָּל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֑ם 1 All the nations will call you blessed Here to be called **blessed** stands for being blessed. Alternate translation: “All the nations will know that you have been blessed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 3 12 bvs1 figs-metonymy כָּל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֑ם 1 All the nations This expression stands for the people in all **the nations**. Alternate translation: “The people in all the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 3 12 rm7v figs-abstractnouns אֶ֣רֶץ חֵ֔פֶץ 1 a land of delight Here **delight** stands for the condition in which the inhabitants of a land take delight in their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 3 13 l55w 0 General Information: These verses begin a new section in the book. Here Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
MAL 3 13 h229 figs-abstractnouns חָזְק֥וּ עָלַ֛⁠י דִּבְרֵי⁠כֶ֖ם 1 Your words against me have been strong Here **strong** stands for “harsh” or “terrible.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 3 13 f9dh figs-metaphor חָזְק֥וּ עָלַ֛⁠י דִּבְרֵי⁠כֶ֖ם 1 Your words against me have been strong Here **Your words** stands for “What you have said.” Alternate translation: “What you have said about me is terrible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 3 13 fv74 figs-rquestion מַה־נִּדְבַּ֖רְנוּ עָלֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 What have we said among ourselves against you? The people ask this question in order to claim that they have said nothing against God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have not said anything among ourselves against you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 3 14 hnv8 figs-rquestion וּ⁠מַה־בֶּ֗צַע כִּ֤י שָׁמַ֨רְנוּ֙ מִשְׁמַרְתּ֔⁠וֹ וְ⁠כִ֤י הָלַ֨כְנוּ֙ קְדֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית מִ⁠פְּנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת 1 What profit is it that we have kept his requirements or walked mournfully before Yahweh of hosts? The people ask this question among themselves in order to make a statement. Alternate translation: “It is useless that we have kept his requirements and walked mournfully before Yahweh of hosts.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MAL 3 14 j6y1 figs-metaphor הָלַ֨כְנוּ֙ קְדֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית מִ⁠פְּנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת 1 walked mournfully before Yahweh of hosts Here **walked mournfully** stands for “behaved in a sorrowful manner,” probably in order to indicate sorrow over their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 3 14 n7bs figs-metaphor מִ⁠פְּנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת 1 before Yahweh of hosts Here this expression refers to God being aware of what the people were doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 3 15 maa8 figs-metaphor אֲנַ֖חְנוּ מְאַשְּׁרִ֣ים זֵדִ֑ים 1 we call the arrogant blessed Here to be called **blessed** stands for being blessed. Alternate translation: “we say that the arrogant are blessed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 3 15 a55n figs-activepassive נַ֖חְנוּ מְאַשְּׁרִ֣ים זֵדִ֑ים 1 we call the arrogant blessed This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we say that the arrogant are well off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MAL 3 15 e45r figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּמָּלֵֽטוּ 1 and escape That is, “and they escape God’s punishment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MAL 3 16 e2b8 0 General Information: The event described here may have taken place after the godly people in Israel repented of their sins.
MAL 3 16 le6y וַ֠⁠יִּכָּתֵב סֵ֣פֶר זִכָּר֤וֹן לְ⁠פָנָי⁠ו֙ לְ⁠יִרְאֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 a book of remembrance was written before him about those who feared Yahweh This could mean: (1) the Israelites wrote a book so they would remember what they had promised and listed the names of people who feared Yahweh or (2) Yahweh caused someone in heaven to write a book with the names of people who feared him.
MAL 3 16 tdq5 figs-abstractnouns סֵ֣פֶר זִכָּר֤וֹן 1 a book of remembrance This expression refers to any book that helps people remember important things, such as events or people who lived in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 3 16 b8vc figs-metonymy וּ⁠לְ⁠חֹשְׁבֵ֖י שְׁמֽ⁠וֹ 1 and honored his name Here **his name** stands for God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 3 17 em21 וְ⁠הָ֣יוּ לִ֗⁠י 1 They will be mine Alternate translation: “They will be my people”
MAL 3 17 j5ap figs-abstractnouns סְגֻלָּ֑ה 1 my treasured possession Here **possession** refers to one’s personal property. This idea can be expressed with a verb. Alternate translation: “those who will belong completely to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 3 17 pp17 לַ⁠יּ֕וֹם 1 in the day the time when Yahweh will judge and punish the rebellious Israelites, giving victory to the faithful Israelites
MAL 3 18 d9hz וּ⁠רְאִיתֶ֔ם בֵּ֥ין 1 you will distinguish between Alternate translation: “you will see a difference between” or “you will treat differently”
MAL 4 intro azp5 0 # Malachi 4 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Last days<br><br>Although the Jews may have hoped these prophecies referenced a time in the near future to them, the prophecies of this chapter exclusively relate to the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])
MAL 4 1 q73f הִנֵּ֤ה 1 behold Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
MAL 4 1 y5w1 figs-metaphor הַ⁠יּוֹם֙ בָּ֔א בֹּעֵ֖ר כַּ⁠תַּנּ֑וּר 1 the day is coming, burning like a furnace The disaster occurring at this time is spoken of as if the day itself were **burning**. God’s judgment is often spoken of as if it were a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 4 1 e9jy זֵדִ֜ים…עֹשֵׂ֤ה רִשְׁעָה֙ 1 the arrogant … the evildoers See how you translated these words in [Malachi 3:15](../03/15.md).
MAL 4 1 i1qy figs-metaphor וְ⁠הָי֨וּ כָל־זֵדִ֜ים וְ⁠כָל־עֹשֵׂ֤ה רִשְׁעָה֙ קַ֔שׁ 1 when all the arrogant and all the evildoers will become stubble These people are spoken of as if they will become dried-up plants fit only for being burned. It is common for the Bible to speak of people as if they were plants or trees. Alternate translation: “all the arrogant and all the evildoers will burn up like dry plants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 4 1 f4xr figs-metonymy וְ⁠לִהַ֨ט אֹתָ֜⁠ם הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠בָּ֗א 1 The day that is coming will burn them up Here **The day** stands for the events that will occur on that day. Alternate translation: “On that day I will burn them up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 4 1 x4ll figs-metaphor לֹא־יַעֲזֹ֥ב לָ⁠הֶ֖ם שֹׁ֥רֶשׁ וְ⁠עָנָֽף 1 it will leave them neither root nor branch This expression continues to speak of people as if they were plants or trees. Alternate translation: “nothing will be left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 4 1 o0u8 figs-metaphor לֹא־יַעֲזֹ֥ב לָ⁠הֶ֖ם שֹׁ֥רֶשׁ וְ⁠עָנָֽף 1 it will leave them neither root nor branch Being deprived of all roots and branches stands for being completely killed off. Alternate translation: “nothing will be left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 4 2 tqe5 figs-metonymy לָ⁠כֶ֜ם יִרְאֵ֤י שְׁמִ⁠י֙ 1 for you who fear my name Here **my name** stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 4 2 jc14 וְ⁠זָרְחָ֨ה…שֶׁ֣מֶשׁ צְדָקָ֔ה וּ⁠מַרְפֵּ֖א בִּ⁠כְנָפֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 But … the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings This could mean: (1) Yahweh, who always acts righteously, will come and heal his people on that day or (2) on that day Yahweh will reveal the people’s righteousness and heal them.
MAL 4 2 p4nc figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠מַרְפֵּ֖א בִּ⁠כְנָפֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 with healing in its wings If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **healing**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the ability to heal in its wings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 4 2 nogu figs-metaphor וּ⁠מַרְפֵּ֖א בִּ⁠כְנָפֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 with healing in its wings This could mean: (1) the act of healing someone is spoken of as if it were an object that the sun carried to people by means of its wings or (2) the healing takes place under the wings, that is, in the security God gives his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 4 2 n991 figs-metaphor בִּ⁠כְנָפֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 in its wings It was common in the Ancient Near East to speak of the sun as if it had **wings**, with which it moved across the sky. This could mean: (1) the sun’s life-giving rays of light are spoken of as if they were its wings or (2) the wings are said to cover God’s people so as to give them peace and safey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 4 2 is44 figs-simile וִֽ⁠יצָאתֶ֥ם וּ⁠פִשְׁתֶּ֖ם כְּ⁠עֶגְלֵ֥י מַרְבֵּֽק 1 You will go out, and you will leap like calves from the stall Here the redeemed people of Yahweh are spoken of as if they were young bulls released from their stalls, allowed to go out into their pasture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MAL 4 3 cn2r figs-metaphor וְ⁠עַסּוֹתֶ֣ם רְשָׁעִ֔ים כִּֽי־יִהְי֣וּ אֵ֔פֶר תַּ֖חַת כַּפּ֣וֹת רַגְלֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 And you will trample down the wicked, for they will be ashes under the soles of your feet Here the victory of God’s people is spoken of as if they were walking over the burned bodies of their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 4 3 f8ct יִהְי֣וּ אֵ֔פֶר 1 they will be ashes The Israelites’ enemies are spoken of as having been burned to **ashes** ([Malachi 4:1](../04/01.md)).
MAL 4 4 if2v figs-abstractnouns זִכְר֕וּ תּוֹרַ֖ת מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדִּ֑⁠י אֲשֶׁר֩ צִוִּ֨יתִי אוֹת֤⁠וֹ 1 Remember the law of my servant Moses that I commanded him If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **law**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “taught.” Alternate translation: “Remember what I taught my servant Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MAL 4 4 td5c זִכְר֕וּ 1 Remember Here **Remember** stands for “Think about” and, at the same time, “Obey.”
MAL 4 4 n5dr בְ⁠חֹרֵב֙ 1 at Horeb **Horeb** is another name for Sinai.
MAL 4 4 r85g figs-metonymy כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 all Israel Here **all Israel** is a reference to all the people in the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MAL 4 4 arq6 חֻקִּ֖ים 1 the statutes These are the laws that God gave Israel for all time.
MAL 4 4 l5p2 וּ⁠מִשְׁפָּטִֽים 1 and the rulings These are legal decisions meant to make clear how the general statutes apply to everyday life.
MAL 4 5 cnc1 figs-metaphor בּ֚וֹא י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה הַ⁠גָּד֖וֹל וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹרָֽא 1 the coming of the great and fearful day of Yahweh Here the occurrence of this **day** is spoken of as if it were **coming**. Alternate translation: “before the great and fearful day of Yahweh happens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MAL 4 5 s6ig י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה הַ⁠גָּד֖וֹל וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹרָֽא 1 the great and fearful day of Yahweh This expression refers to any time in which Yahweh acts decisively.
MAL 4 6 kql7 figs-metaphor וְ⁠הֵשִׁ֤יב לֵב־אָבוֹת֙ עַל־בָּנִ֔ים וְ⁠לֵ֥ב בָּנִ֖ים עַל־אֲבוֹתָ֑⁠ם 1 He will turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers Here changing how people think is spoken of as if it were turning their hearts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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front:intro axt4 0 # Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Malachi\n\n1. The word of Yahweh comes to Israel (1:1)\n1. Yahweh loves Israel and rejects Esau (Edom) (1:2–5)\n1. A message against the priests (1:6–2:9)\n1. A message against Judah: they have broken faith by divorcing and intermarrying (2:10–16)\n1. A message about the day of refining (2:17–3:6)\n1. A message about tithing (3:7–12)\n1. A message about those who others treated shamefully, but who were faithful to Yahweh (3:13–18)\n1. Yahweh will punish the wicked and send Elijah before the “great and terrible day of Yahweh” (4:5–6)\n\n### What is the Book of Malachi about?\n\nThe Book of Malachi is about the prophecies that Malachi spoke to the Jews who had returned from Babylon to Judah. At that time, the Jews were discouraged even though they had finished building a new temple. The wonderful things that previous prophets had promised for Judah had not yet happened. And the Persian Empire still ruled over them. As a result, they no longer were concerned about the law or worshiping Yahweh. Malachi rebuked them for not trusting in Yahweh. But he also promised them that Yahweh would do everything that he promised to do.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThis book traditionally has been titled “Malachi” or “The Book of Malachi.” Translators may decide to call it “The Book about Malachi” or “The Sayings of Malachi.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Malachi?\n\nThe prophet Malachi wrote these messages from Yahweh to the Jews. However, since “Malachi” means “my messenger,” it is possible that this was a title for this prophet. If so, we do not know his real name.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What was meant by the day of Yahweh?\n\nMalachi spoke about “the day” several times. This is the same as “the day of Yahweh.” In the Book of Malachi, this is the time when Yahweh would judge his people. He would remove those who wickedly sin and bless those who trust in him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
1:intro b7vm 0 # Malachi 1 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh of hosts\n\nThis is an important title used in this chapter. It reminds the reader of the great power Yahweh has to punish the nations. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nThere are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. They all have a rather dramatic effect. They increase the emotional connotations of what is being said. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:1 qm8z מַשָּׂ֥א דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בְּ⁠יַ֖ד מַלְאָכִֽי 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “This is the declaration of the word of Yahweh to Israel by the hand of Malachi”
1:1 x4vm יְהוָ֖ה 1 **Yahewh** is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
1:1 lx85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּ⁠יַ֖ד מַלְאָכִֽי 1 The phrase **by the hand of** is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Malachi to deliver his message. Alternate translation: “through Malachi” or “spoken to them by Malachi” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1:2 vb2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion בַּ⁠מָּ֣ה אֲהַבְתָּ֑⁠נוּ 1 This question indicates that the people doubt the truth of what God says. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not shown that you love us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:2 cy61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠לוֹא־אָ֨ח עֵשָׂ֤ו לְ⁠יַֽעֲקֹב֙ 1 This question, a reply of Yahweh reminding the people of their nation’s history, may also be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that Esau was Jacob’s brother.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:2 l68t נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה 1 Alternate translation: “Yahweh has solemnly said this”
1:2 ef9g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וָ⁠אֹהַ֖ב אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹֽב 1 Here **loved** implies a relationship of loyalty between Yahweh and **Jacob**, in which a covenant existed between them. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “as you know, I obligated myself with a covenant to love Jacob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1:2 j176 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche יַעֲקֹֽב 1 This name **Jacob** refers here not only to Jacob, but also to all his descendants. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:3 xf47 עֵשָׂ֖ו שָׂנֵ֑אתִי 1 Here **hated** implies that there was no covenant between Yahweh and Esau. However, it does not imply that Yahweh was emotionally against Esau.
1:3 e38q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche עֵשָׂ֖ו 1 This name **Esau** refers here not only to Esau, but also to all his descendants. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:3 t9bu אֶת־הָרָי⁠ו֙ 1 This refers to the hill country of Edom.
1:3 q6yq וְ⁠אֶת־נַחֲלָת֖⁠וֹ לְ⁠תַנּ֥וֹת מִדְבָּֽר 1 In the Old Testament, the presence of wild animals such as **jackals** was a frequent description of land deserted by the people who once lived there.
1:3 rff9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נַחֲלָת֖⁠וֹ 1 Here **inheritance** stands for the region that Esau’s descendants, the nation of Edom, occupied. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:4 z8qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כִּֽי־תֹאמַ֨ר אֱד֜וֹם 1 Here **Edom** stands for the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “If the people of Edom say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:4 x6kr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַ⁠אֲנִ֣י אֶהֱר֑וֹס 1 Here **tear down** stands for “destroy.” Alternate translation: “but I will destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:4 zv9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns גְּב֣וּל רִשְׁעָ֔ה 1 Here **wickedness** stands either for wicked people or for wicked actions. Alternate translation: “country of wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1:5 bq14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ⁠עֵינֵי⁠כֶ֖ם תִּרְאֶ֑ינָה 1 Here **your own eyes** stands for the people themselves. Alternate translation: “You yourselves will see this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:6 zu71 General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh rebukes the priests using an imaginary conversation in which the priests protest that they are doing right and Yahweh tells them what they are doing wrong.
1:6 u3vj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בּוֹזֵ֣י שְׁמִ֔⁠י 1 Here **my name** stands for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “who treat me as though you hate me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:6 awt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion בַּ⁠מֶּ֥ה בָזִ֖ינוּ אֶת־שְׁמֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 Here the priests are asking a question in order to state that they have not really despised Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have not really despised your name.” or “Tell us how we have despised your name, because we do not think that we have done so.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:7 dyc6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֶ֣חֶם מְגֹאָ֔ל 1 Here **polluted** describes anything that is not suitable to sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:7 v4at rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion בַּ⁠מֶּ֣ה גֵֽאַלְנ֑וּ⁠ךָ 1 Here the priests are asking a question in order to state that they have not really polluted Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have not polluted you.” or “Tell us how we have polluted you, because we do not think that we have done so.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:7 h6dv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor גֵֽאַלְנ֑וּ⁠ךָ 1 This expression refers to insulting God by giving him unsuitable sacrifices. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:7 efa3 שֻׁלְחַ֥ן 1 This refers to an altar.
1:7 xu5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בֶּ⁠אֱמָרְ⁠כֶ֕ם שֻׁלְחַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה נִבְזֶ֥ה הֽוּא 1 This is the answer that Yahweh gives to the priests, but the full answer is only implied. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “You have polluted me by saying, ‘Yahweh’s table is contemptible.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1:7 agd8 נִבְזֶ֥ה 1 regarded as worthless
1:8 zw52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְ⁠כִֽי־תַגִּשׁ֨וּ⁠ן עִוֵּ֤ר לִ⁠זְבֹּ֨חַ֙ אֵ֣ין רָ֔ע 1 Here Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “You know very well that it is evil for you to offer blind animals for sacrifice!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:8 i5xb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְ⁠כִ֥י תַגִּ֛ישׁוּ פִּסֵּ֥חַ וְ⁠חֹלֶ֖ה אֵ֣ין רָ֑ע 1 Here Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “And you know very well that it is evil for you to offer lame and sick animals!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:8 f8k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo הַקְרִיבֵ֨⁠הוּ נָ֜א לְ⁠פֶחָתֶ֗⁠ךָ הֲ⁠יִּרְצְ⁠ךָ֙ א֚וֹ הֲ⁠יִשָּׂ֣א פָנֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 The command in the first sentence functions as a hypothetical condition. Alternate translation: “If you present that to your governor, will he accept you or will he lift up your face?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1:8 kw16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠יִּרְצְ⁠ךָ֙ א֚וֹ הֲ⁠יִשָּׂ֣א פָנֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 Here Yahweh asks this question in order to remind the people that their governor would never accept defective animals from them. Alternate translation: “If you do those things, you know that the governor will not accept you. He will not lift up your face.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:8 ch8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הֲ⁠יִשָּׂ֣א פָנֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 Lifting up someone’s **face** refers to accepting him with favor. Alternate translation: “will he accept you with favor” or “will he agree to help you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1:8 j8zc הַקְרִיבֵ֨⁠הוּ נָ֜א 1 give as a gift to show respect
1:9 d7q3 וְ⁠עַתָּ֛ה חַלּוּ־נָ֥א פְנֵי־אֵ֖ל וִֽ⁠יחָנֵ֑⁠נוּ 1 Malachi is no longer speaking for God. He is talking directly to the Israelites; he is criticizing them for daring to think that God will have mercy on them.
1:9 kht7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche חַלּוּ־נָ֥א פְנֵי־אֵ֖ל 1 Here “face” stands for God and also for his presence. Alternate translation: “keep asking God in his presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:9 r5f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶם֙ הָ֣יְתָה 1 Here **in your hand** is an idiom that means "with you." Alternate translation: “when you bring such an offering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1:9 ylm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶם֙ הָ֣יְתָה זֹּ֔את הֲ⁠יִשָּׂ֤א מִ⁠כֶּם֙ פָּנִ֔ים 1 Here Yahweh is asking a question in order to make a statement of rebuke. Alternate translation: “if you offer unacceptable offerings, he will certainly not lift up your faces.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:9 wg22 מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶם֙ הָ֣יְתָה זֹּ֔את 1 This difficult phrase in Hebrew is interpreted in many different ways by modern versions.
1:9 kmg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶם֙ 1 Here **hand** stands for the people bringing the offering. Alternate translation: “brought by you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:9 m84q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הֲ⁠יִשָּׂ֤א מִ⁠כֶּם֙ פָּנִ֔ים 1 Lifting up someone’s face refers to accepting him with favor. Alternate translation: “would he accept any of you with favor” or “would he agree to help any of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1:10 w5uc מִ֤י גַם 1 This expresses great desire.
1:10 pv8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠לֹֽא־תָאִ֥ירוּ מִזְבְּחִ֖⁠י חִנָּ֑ם 1 Here **light fires on my altar** stands for offering sacrifices on Yahweh’s altar. Alternate translation: “so that you might not make fires to burn offerings that I will not accept” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:10 ju31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶֽם 1 Here **your hand** stands for “you.” Alternate translation: “from you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:11 v4x9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism מִ⁠מִּזְרַח־שֶׁ֜מֶשׁ וְ⁠עַד־מְבוֹא֗⁠וֹ 1 This double expression means “everywhere.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1:11 hl9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism מִ⁠מִּזְרַח־שֶׁ֜מֶשׁ וְ⁠עַד־מְבוֹא֗⁠וֹ 1 This expression is parallel to “among the nations” and “in every place” later in this verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1:11 ls76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy גָּד֤וֹל שְׁמִ⁠י֙ בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֔ם 1 Here **my name** stands for Yahweh’s reputation and honor. Alternate translation: “I will be honored in other nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:11 rx5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠בְ⁠כָל־מָק֗וֹם מֻקְטָ֥ר מֻגָּ֛שׁ לִ⁠שְׁמִ֖⁠י וּ⁠מִנְחָ֣ה טְהוֹרָ֑ה 1 This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “in these nations people will offer incense and pure offerings to me in order to worship me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1:11 m2j4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠שְׁמִ֖⁠י 1 Here **name** stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:12 n6gq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠נִיב֖⁠וֹ & אָכְלֽ⁠וֹ 1 This could mean: (1) “the meat sacrificed on the altar from animals whose other parts the priests should eat” or (2) “the meat sacrificed on the altar.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1:13 la3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠הִפַּחְתֶּ֣ם אוֹת֗⁠וֹ 1 This means to show great disrespect by making noises through the nose. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1:13 kz7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הַ⁠אֶרְצֶ֥ה אוֹתָ֛⁠הּ מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 Here Yahweh is asking a question in order to make a statement of rebuke. Alternate translation: “I should certainly not accept this from you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:13 nx88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 Here **your hand** stands for “you.” Alternate translation: “from you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:14 v5fd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠שְׁמִ֖⁠י נוֹרָ֥א בַ⁠גּוֹיִֽם 1 This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “people in the other nations honor my name” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1:14 z5ra rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠שְׁמִ֖⁠י נוֹרָ֥א בַ⁠גּוֹיִֽם 1 Here **my name** stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will be honored” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:intro jc2b 0 # Malachi 2 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Levites\n\nThe priests are given a strong warning in this chapter. They have not followed the law of Moses and have led the people in the wrong direction. Yahweh has not accepted their sacrifices. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])\n\n### Marital unfaithfulness\n\nBecause the Jews lived under a covenantal arrangement with Yahweh, their relationship is described using the imagery of a marriage. Marital unfaithfulness indicates a person’s unfaithfulness to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:2 y1il rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לֹא֩ תָשִׂ֨ימוּ עַל־לֵ֜ב 1 To **lay it on your heart** refers to considering something to be very important. Alternate translation: “consider it to be very important” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2:2 w6cs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לָ⁠תֵ֧ת כָּב֣וֹד לִ⁠שְׁמִ֗⁠י 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **honor**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “honor my name” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2:2 e4vh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠שְׁמִ֗⁠י 1 Here **my name** refers to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:2 k5md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠שִׁלַּחְתִּ֤י בָ⁠כֶם֙ אֶת־הַ⁠מְּאֵרָ֔ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **curse**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will curse you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2:2 b7vl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֵינְ⁠כֶ֖ם שָׂמִ֥ים עַל־לֵֽב 1 This refers to considering God’s **command** to be very important. Alternate translation: “you are not considering my command to be very important” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2:3 vsb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠זֵרִ֤יתִי פֶ֨רֶשׁ֙ עַל־פְּנֵי⁠כֶ֔ם 1 Here **dung on your faces** stands for disgrace. Alternate translation: “I will most certainly put you in deep disgrace; it will be as bad as if I had spread dung on your faces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:3 skc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פֶּ֖רֶשׁ חַגֵּי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Here **festivals** stands for the animals that the priests offered in sacrifice at the Israelite festivals. “The dung” probably refers both to the dung that was produced by the animals just before they were slaughtered for sacrifice, and to the dung that was found inside the animals when their bodies were cut apart before being sacrificed. Temple workers had to transport this dung to a place outside of the temple, and probably outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:3 m2bs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠נָשָׂ֥א אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם אֵלָֽי⁠ו 1 This difficult expression can be translated as “God will take you away with it,” that is, with the dung. This expression continues the same metaphor of slaughtering animals for sacrifice, and it can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “they will throw you on the dung pile; God will make sure that they take you away when they remove all the dung” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:3 zti7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠נָשָׂ֥א אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם אֵלָֽי⁠ו 1 This could mean: (1) God will punish the unfaithful priests by killing them and causing their bodies to be carried away on the piles of animal dung, or (2) God will punish the unfaithful priests in such a horrible way that it will be as if their bodies had been carried away with the animal dung. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:4 cr4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֵוִ֔י 1 Here **Levi** represents his descendants, the tribe of Levi. Alternate translation: “so that my covenant may be with you, the descendants of Levi” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:5 x7pv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh speaks of the tribe of Levi as though they are Levi. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:5 t8fs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּרִיתִ֣⁠י ׀ הָיְתָ֣ה אִתּ֗⁠וֹ הַֽ⁠חַיִּים֙ וְ⁠הַ֨⁠שָּׁל֔וֹם 1 Here the intended results of the **covenant** are spoken of as if they were the covenant itself. Alternate translation: “The purpose of my covenant with Levi was for the priests to live in prosperity and peace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:5 f2if rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מוֹרָ֖א וַ⁠יִּֽירָאֵ֑⁠נִי 1 This expression continues the same metaphor, but leaves out an idea that is implied in the text. This can begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “My covenant with him was also fear, and he feared me” or “In my covenant with him, I required him to fear me, and he did fear me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2:5 td35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שְׁמִ֖⁠י 1 Here **my name** stands for God himself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:6 e73z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠עַוְלָ֖ה לֹא־נִמְצָ֣א 1 Here finding something stands for that thing existing. Alternate translation: “there was no falsehood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:6 pjq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בִ⁠שְׂפָתָ֑י⁠ו 1 Here **lips** stands for a person’s ability to speak. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:6 u9rh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הָלַ֣ךְ אִתִּ֔⁠י 1 Here walking stands for living, conducting one’s life in a certain way. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:6 ws89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠שָׁל֤וֹם וּ⁠בְ⁠מִישׁוֹר֙ 1 Here the idea of location stands for the manner in which Levi lived. Alternate translation: “peacefully and uprightly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:6 p1lh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠רַבִּ֖ים הֵשִׁ֥יב מֵ⁠עָוֺֽן 1 Here persuading people to stop sinning is spoken of as if it were turning them away from sin. Alternate translation: “he persuaded many people to stop sinning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:7 kp5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כִּֽי־שִׂפְתֵ֤י כֹהֵן֙ יִשְׁמְרוּ־דַ֔עַת 1 Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that a priest could keep. In this passage, the idea of “keep knowledge” implies communicating true knowledge about God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:7 d2la rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠תוֹרָ֖ה יְבַקְשׁ֣וּ 1 Here instruction is spoken of as if it were an object that people could look for. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “and people should want to be instructed” or “and people should want a priest to teach them truly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2:7 sp8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִ⁠פִּ֑י⁠הוּ 1 Here **mouth** stands for what a person says. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:8 si1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠אַתֶּם֙ סַרְתֶּ֣ם מִן־הַ⁠דֶּ֔רֶךְ 1 The right **way** to behave is spoken of as if it were the right path to follow, and abandoning right conduct is spoken of as if it were turning away from that path. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:8 um6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הִכְשַׁלְתֶּ֥ם רַבִּ֖ים 1 Disobeying God is spoken of as if it were stumbling. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:8 j9xs הִכְשַׁלְתֶּ֥ם רַבִּ֖ים בַּ⁠תּוֹרָ֑ה 1 The expression **by your instruction** gives the context for the “stumbling.” Alternate translation: “You have caused many to disobey the law”
2:9 gx4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠כָל־הָ⁠עָ֑ם 1 This spatial idea stands for the people’s awareness of the priests’ evil behavior. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:9 wq7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֵֽינְ⁠כֶם֙ שֹׁמְרִ֣ים אֶת־דְּרָכַ֔⁠י 1 Here **ways** stands for “desires” and “behavior.” These ways are spoken of as if they were things that could be kept by people. Alternate translation: “you have not followed my desires in how you should live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:9 z4gm וְ⁠נֹשְׂאִ֥ים פָּנִ֖ים בַּ⁠תּוֹרָֽה 1 Alternate translation: “but have set easy standards of behavior for people you like and difficult standards of behavior for people you do not like”
2:9 z9yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠נֹשְׂאִ֥ים פָּנִ֖ים 1 Here the habit of favoring some people more than others is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be shown to others. Alternate translation: “but have made people aware that you favor some people more than others (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:10 h2mp General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nHere the prophet Malachi begins to speak to his fellow Israelites.
2:10 e1l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֨וֹא אָ֤ב אֶחָד֙ לְ⁠כֻלָּ֔⁠נוּ הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא אֵ֥ל אֶֽחָ֖ד בְּרָאָ֑⁠נוּ 1 Malachi asks these questions in order to remind his fellow Israelites about what they already know. Alternate translation: “You know that we all have one father, that our God has created a nation out of us.” or “You all know that God is the father of all us Israelites, because he is the one who made our nation.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2:10 q37t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא אֵ֥ל אֶֽחָ֖ד בְּרָאָ֑⁠נוּ 1 This question is meant to express a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly it is the same God who has created us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2:10 t4al בְּרָאָ֑⁠נוּ 1 This probably refers to God forming the Hebrews into a nation.
2:10 rm21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַדּ֗וּעַ נִבְגַּד֙ אִ֣ישׁ בְּ⁠אָחִ֔י⁠ו לְ⁠חַלֵּ֖ל בְּרִ֥ית אֲבֹתֵֽי⁠נוּ 1 Malachi asks this question in order to rebuke his fellow Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We should certainly not mistreat our brothers and disrespect God’s covenant by disobeying his commands, as you have been doing.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2:11 h25u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בָּגְדָ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה 1 Here **Judah** stands for the people in the region of Judah, and the fact that they have been faithless to Yahweh is spoken of as if they were one man named **Judah**. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah have been faithless” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:11 ef4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠תוֹעֵבָ֛ה נֶעֶשְׂתָ֥ה בְ⁠יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּ⁠בִ⁠ירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם 1 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “People have done disgusting things in Israel and in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:11 zbw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כִּ֣י ׀ חִלֵּ֣ל יְהוּדָ֗ה קֹ֤דֶשׁ יְהוָה֙ 1 Here **Judah** refers again to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “For the people of Judah have profaned the holy place of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:11 h7i9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠בָעַ֖ל בַּת־אֵ֥ל נֵכָֽר 1 The people of Judah are again referred to as if they were one man named “Judah.” Alternate translation: “have married women from other nations, women who worship idols” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:12 bxx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַכְרֵ֨ת יְהוָ֜ה לָ⁠אִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר & מֵ⁠אָהֳלֵ֖י יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב 1 Destroying something is often spoken of as it were cutting it off from something else. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh destroy anyone in the tents of Jacob who” or “May Yahweh kill anyone in the community of Israel who” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:12 tkp6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מֵ⁠אָהֳלֵ֖י יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב 1 Here **tents of Jacob** stands for the community of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:12 f33m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב 1 Here **Jacob** stands for all the Israelites, because Jacob was one of the patriarchs from whom the Israelites were descended. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:12 vdy5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עֵ֣ר וְ⁠עֹנֶ֔ה 1 This expression seems to mean “absolutely everyone.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2:13 jvgp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole כַּסּ֤וֹת דִּמְעָה֙ אֶת־מִזְבַּ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה בְּכִ֖י וַֽ⁠אֲנָקָ֑ה מֵ⁠אֵ֣ין ע֗וֹד פְּנוֹת֙ אֶל־הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֔ה וְ⁠לָ⁠קַ֥חַת רָצ֖וֹן מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶֽם 1 Malachi sarcastically exaggerates the amount of tears the people cry to show that Yahweh knows that the people do not really feel sad. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2:13 rx8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet בְּכִ֖י וַֽ⁠אֲנָקָ֑ה 1 The words **weeping** and **groaning** share similar meanings and intensify the idea of weeping. Alternate translation: “with great weeping” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2:13 gt5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מֵ⁠אֵ֣ין ע֗וֹד פְּנוֹת֙ אֶל־הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֔ה 1 Here turning toward a gift stands for receiving it and showing favor to the giver. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:13 lbk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵ⁠אֵ֣ין ע֗וֹד פְּנוֹת֙ אֶל־הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֔ה 1 This implies that those who are weeping at Yahweh’s altar have offered sacrifices to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2:13 y3lr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶֽם 1 Here **hand** stands for the person giving the offering. Alternate translation: “from you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2:14 n6ul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis עַל־מָ֑ה 1 The full thought, as in [Malachi 2:13](../02/13.md), is “Why does he not turn toward the offering or accept it with favor from our hand?” Some translators may decide to provide this entire thought in their versions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2:14 u2qp אֵ֣שֶׁת נְעוּרֶ֗י⁠ךָ 1 Alternate translation: “the woman you married when you were young”
2:14 xn6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background יְהוָה֩ הֵעִ֨יד בֵּינְ⁠ךָ֜ וּ⁠בֵ֣ין ׀ אֵ֣שֶׁת נְעוּרֶ֗י⁠ךָ 1 This statement assumes that this woman is still living. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2:14 s3k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הֵעִ֨יד בֵּינְ⁠ךָ֜ וּ⁠בֵ֣ין ׀ אֵ֣שֶׁת נְעוּרֶ֗י⁠ךָ 1 Here Yahweh is spoken of as if he was a witness to an agreement between two people, standing between them in order to testify about what they agreed to, in case a dispute arises between them. This sentence also was meant to remind the people that Yahweh would punish any Israelite who broke the covenant of marriage. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:14 mz1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background וְ⁠הִ֥יא חֲבֶרְתְּ⁠ךָ֖ וְ⁠אֵ֥שֶׁת בְּרִיתֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 This statement implies that many of the Israelites had divorced their wives. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2:14 txe1 וְ⁠אֵ֥שֶׁת בְּרִיתֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 Alternate translation: “and your wife by the covenant of marriage that you agreed to”
2:15 x1gi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְ⁠לֹא־אֶחָ֣ד עָשָׂ֗ה וּ⁠שְׁאָ֥ר ר֨וּחַ֙ ל֔⁠וֹ 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He certainly made husband and wife one, with a portion of his spirit.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2:15 qfl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background וְ⁠לֹא־אֶחָ֣ד עָשָׂ֗ה 1 This expression implies making husband and wife one flesh. Alternate translation: “Did God not make husband and wife one flesh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2:15 i3ny זֶ֣רַע אֱלֹהִ֑ים 1 Children who would honor and obey God.
2:16 hp7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns שָׂנֵ֣א שַׁלַּ֗ח 1 Here **divorce** stands for the act of divorce, when a man sends away his wife, so as to end his marriage to her. Alternate translation: “I hate it when a man divorces his wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2:16 ly2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠כִסָּ֤ה חָמָס֙ עַל־לְבוּשׁ֔⁠וֹ 1 This phrase probably means any man who is violent toward his wife. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2:16 iv8h וְ⁠נִשְׁמַרְתֶּ֥ם בְּ⁠רוּחֲ⁠כֶ֖ם וְ⁠לֹ֥א תִבְגֹּֽדוּ 1 Alternate translation: “So be careful to be loyal to your wife”
2:17 ug3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הוֹגַעְתֶּ֤ם יְהוָה֙ 1 Yahweh is spoken of as if human behavior could make him tired, but God cannot grow weary in a physical or emotional sense. This statement probably means that Yahweh has become offended or exasperated. Alternate translation: “You have offended Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:17 d6k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion בַּ⁠מָּ֣ה הוֹגָ֑עְנוּ 1 This question is meant to deny that the people have done any wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have certainly not wearied him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2:17 ba81 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בֶּ⁠אֱמָרְ⁠כֶ֗ם 1 The complete idea here is, “You have wearied him by saying.” This is the prophet’s answer to the rhetorical question. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2:17 wde5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֣י 1 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “in the opinion” or “in the judgment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:17 ze8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אַיֵּ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַ⁠מִּשְׁפָּֽט 1 The priests ask this question in order to claim either that Yahweh does not care whether people do evil or not, or that he never punishes evildoers. Alternate translation: “God certainly does not punish evil people!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2:17 kw1t אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַ⁠מִּשְׁפָּֽט 1 the God who punishes evildoers justly
3:intro wb48 0 # Malachi 3 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Messiah\n\nThere are several prophecies in this chapter concerning the Messiah and the one who comes before the Messiah. At times, this chapter switches between prophesying about the first coming of the Messiah and the second coming of the Messiah without formal divisions between them. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nSeveral rhetorical questions are used in this chapter to convince the reader of the truth of what he is saying and of their sin. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
3:1 zeq2 General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh begins speaking again to the people of Israel in verse 1, but the prophet Malachi begins speaking in verse 2.
3:1 v6se הִנְ⁠נִ֤י 1 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
3:1 j5pe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠פִנָּה־דֶ֖רֶךְ לְ⁠פָנָ֑⁠י 1 Here getting people ready to welcome Yahweh is spoken of as if a road were being cleared for Yahweh to travel on. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:1 d1j7 הָ⁠אָד֣וֹן ׀ אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֣ם מְבַקְשִׁ֗ים וּ⁠מַלְאַ֨ךְ הַ⁠בְּרִ֜ית אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֤ם חֲפֵצִים֙ 1 Some modern versions translate this in a way that implies that these two expressions refer to the same person. Other modern versions leave this matter ambiguous. We recommend that translations leave this matter ambiguous, as the ULT and UST do.
3:1 w8yf וּ⁠מַלְאַ֨ךְ הַ⁠בְּרִ֜ית 1 Almost all versions leave ambiguous the sense of this expression. But translators may need to make explicit the relationship between “messenger” and “the covenant.” The UST presents “the messenger” as one promised by the covenant that Yahweh had with Israel. Another choice is to present the messenger as a person who will either confirm that covenant or announce a new covenant.
3:2 f24j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וּ⁠מִ֤י מְכַלְכֵּל֙ אֶת־י֣וֹם בּוֹא֔⁠וֹ וּ⁠מִ֥י הָ⁠עֹמֵ֖ד בְּ⁠הֵרָֽאוֹת֑⁠וֹ 1 These rhetorical questions imply that no one will be able to resist Yahweh when he comes. They can be combined into one statement. Alternate translation: “However, no one will be able to resist Yahweh when he comes to judge them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:2 phd6 אֶת־י֣וֹם בּוֹא֔⁠וֹ 1 Here “day” stands for “time.” Alternate translation: “the time when he comes”
3:2 z2xe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הָ⁠עֹמֵ֖ד 1 Here standing represents resisting someone’s attack or accusations. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:2 iqv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כִּֽי־הוּא֙ כְּ⁠אֵ֣שׁ מְצָרֵ֔ף וּ⁠כְ⁠בֹרִ֖ית מְכַבְּסִֽים 1 This sentence gives the reason why no one will be able to resist God when he comes. God’s power to judge the people and to stop them from sinning is spoken of as if it were the power of strong soap to clean clothes, or the power of fire to melt an object. These are ways of saying that God’s power to do these things cannot be stopped. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3:3 pfr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וְ⁠יָשַׁ֨ב 1 Here sitting implies the action of a metalworker, who sits down in order to purify small amounts of gold or silver. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3:3 bxz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠טִהַ֤ר אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־לֵוִי֙ 1 Forgiving **the sons of Levi** and persuading them not to sin any longer is spoken of as if it were purifying metal. Alternate translation: “he will correct the sons of Levi and forgive them for having sinned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:3 tcd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵֽי־לֵוִי֙ 1 Here **sons** refers to descendants. The male descendants of Levi were the priests and workers in the temple. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:3 q9li rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וְ⁠זִקַּ֣ק אֹתָ֔⁠ם כַּ⁠זָּהָ֖ב וְ⁠כַ⁠כָּ֑סֶף 1 Here persuading people not to sin any longer is spoken of as if a metalworker were making **gold and silver** more pure. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3:3 n3xs וְ⁠הָיוּ֙ לַֽ⁠יהוָ֔ה מַגִּישֵׁ֥י מִנְחָ֖ה בִּ⁠צְדָקָֽה 1 Here **in righteousness** means “motivated by righteous desires to worship God.” Alternate translation: “they will bring acceptable offerings to Yahweh in order to worship Yahweh”
3:4 ws2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִנְחַ֥ת יְהוּדָ֖ה וִ⁠ירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם 1 Here **Judah and Jerusalem** stands for the people in those places. Alternate translation: “the offerings brought by the people of Judah and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:4 y8h1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism כִּ⁠ימֵ֣י עוֹלָ֔ם וּ⁠כְ⁠שָׁנִ֖ים קַדְמֹנִיּֽוֹת 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the offering was once pleasing to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “as it was in the distant past” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3:5 te3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠קָרַבְתִּ֣י אֲלֵי⁠כֶם֮ לַ⁠מִּשְׁפָּט֒ 1 Here **judgment** refers to the act of judging. Alternate translation: “Then I will approach you in order to judge you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:5 dx2i וּ⁠בְ⁠עֹשְׁקֵ֣י שְׂכַר־שָׂ֠כִיר 1 Alternate translation: “and against those who cause the hired worker to suffer by not paying him for his work”
3:5 k42e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠מַטֵּי־גֵר֙ 1 That is, **turn aside** the foreigner from gaining his rights. Depriving people of their rights is spoken of as if it were physically turning them away from oneself. Perhaps the idea is turning away someone who comes for a wrong to be set right. Alternate translation: “against those who deny foreigners living in Israel the rights that they should have” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3:6 mep4 לֹ֥א כְלִיתֶֽם 1 Alternate translation: “have not perished”
3:7 ji32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠מִ⁠ימֵ֨י אֲבֹתֵי⁠כֶ֜ם סַרְתֶּ֤ם מֵֽ⁠חֻקַּ⁠י֙ וְ⁠לֹ֣א שְׁמַרְתֶּ֔ם 1 Disobeying God’s **statutes** is spoken of as if it were turning away from them. Alternate translation: “You have disobeyed my statutes ever since the days of your ancestors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:7 deh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שׁ֤וּבוּ אֵלַ⁠י֙ וְ⁠אָשׁ֣וּבָה אֲלֵי⁠כֶ֔ם 1 Here loving each other and being faithful to each other is spoken of as if it were returning to each other. Alternate translation: “Love me and honor me, and I will always help you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:7 l1ir rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion בַּ⁠מֶּ֥ה נָשֽׁוּב 1 The people ask this question in order to claim that they have never stopped obeying God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have never gone away from you, so we cannot return to you.” or “We have never gone away from you, so it makes no sense to speak of us as returning to you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:8 dn4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠יִקְבַּ֨ע אָדָ֜ם אֱלֹהִ֗ים 1 This question implies that the idea of robbing God is very wicked. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “A man should certainly not rob God.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:8 p8nl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person הֲ⁠יִקְבַּ֨ע אָדָ֜ם אֱלֹהִ֗ים 1 God speaks of himself in the third person Alternate translation: “No one should ever rob me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3:8 ijc5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion בַּ⁠מֶּ֣ה קְבַעֲנ֑וּ⁠ךָ 1 This question implies that the people do not think they have robbed God. Alternate translation: “We have certainly not robbed you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:8 cy6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַֽ⁠מַּעֲשֵׂ֖ר וְ⁠הַ⁠תְּרוּמָֽה 1 This reply from Yahweh implies a fuller answer. Alternate translation: “You have robbed me by withholding from me your tithes and offerings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3:9 grs1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בַּ⁠מְּאֵרָה֙ אַתֶּ֣ם נֵֽאָרִ֔ים 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have certainly cursed you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:9 mr47 וְ⁠אֹתִ֖⁠י אַתֶּ֣ם קֹבְעִ֑ים הַ⁠גּ֖וֹי כֻּלּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here **nation** stands for the people to whom Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: “for all of you in the whole nation are robbing me”
3:10 n4ch אֶת־כָּל־הַֽ⁠מַּעֲשֵׂ֜ר 1 Alternate translation: “all the tithes”
3:10 dmr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠בֵיתִ֔⁠י 1 Here **house** stands for the temple. Alternate translation: “in my temple” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:10 wcp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠בְחָנ֤וּ⁠נִי נָא֙ בָּ⁠זֹ֔את & אִם־לֹ֧א אֶפְתַּ֣ח לָ⁠כֶ֗ם אֵ֚ת אֲרֻבּ֣וֹת הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֔יִם 1 Here the command **test me** stands for something that the people can do and should do: “if you test me.” This can be divided into two sentences also. Alternate translation: “And if you test me … I will open up the windows of heaven” or “And you should test me … If you do, I will open up the windows of heaven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:12 mfq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠אִשְּׁר֥וּ אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם כָּל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֑ם 1 Here to be called **blessed** stands for being blessed. Alternate translation: “All the nations will know that you have been blessed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:12 bvs1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כָּל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֑ם 1 This expression stands for the people in all **the nations**. Alternate translation: “The people in all the nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:12 rm7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֶ֣רֶץ חֵ֔פֶץ 1 Here **delight** stands for the condition in which the inhabitants of a land take delight in their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:13 l55w General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses begin a new section in the book. Here Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
3:13 h229 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָזְק֥וּ עָלַ֛⁠י דִּבְרֵי⁠כֶ֖ם 1 Here **strong** stands for “harsh” or “terrible.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:13 f9dh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חָזְק֥וּ עָלַ֛⁠י דִּבְרֵי⁠כֶ֖ם 1 Here **Your words** stands for “What you have said.” Alternate translation: “What you have said about me is terrible” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:13 fv74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַה־נִּדְבַּ֖רְנוּ עָלֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 The people ask this question in order to claim that they have said nothing against God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have not said anything among ourselves against you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:14 hnv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וּ⁠מַה־בֶּ֗צַע כִּ֤י שָׁמַ֨רְנוּ֙ מִשְׁמַרְתּ֔⁠וֹ וְ⁠כִ֤י הָלַ֨כְנוּ֙ קְדֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית מִ⁠פְּנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת 1 The people ask this question among themselves in order to make a statement. Alternate translation: “It is useless that we have kept his requirements and walked mournfully before Yahweh of hosts.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:14 j6y1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הָלַ֨כְנוּ֙ קְדֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית מִ⁠פְּנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת 1 Here **walked mournfully** stands for “behaved in a sorrowful manner,” probably in order to indicate sorrow over their sins. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:14 n7bs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠פְּנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת 1 Here this expression refers to God being aware of what the people were doing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:15 maa8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲנַ֖חְנוּ מְאַשְּׁרִ֣ים זֵדִ֑ים 1 Here to be called **blessed** stands for being blessed. Alternate translation: “we say that the arrogant are blessed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:15 a55n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נַ֖חְנוּ מְאַשְּׁרִ֣ים זֵדִ֑ים 1 This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we say that the arrogant are well off” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:15 e45r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּמָּלֵֽטוּ 1 That is, “and they escape God’s punishment.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3:16 e2b8 General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nThe event described here may have taken place after the godly people in Israel repented of their sins.
3:16 le6y וַ֠⁠יִּכָּתֵב סֵ֣פֶר זִכָּר֤וֹן לְ⁠פָנָי⁠ו֙ לְ⁠יִרְאֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 This could mean: (1) the Israelites wrote a book so they would remember what they had promised and listed the names of people who feared Yahweh or (2) Yahweh caused someone in heaven to write a book with the names of people who feared him.
3:16 tdq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns סֵ֣פֶר זִכָּר֤וֹן 1 This expression refers to any book that helps people remember important things, such as events or people who lived in the past. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:16 b8vc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠לְ⁠חֹשְׁבֵ֖י שְׁמֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here **his name** stands for God himself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:17 em21 וְ⁠הָ֣יוּ לִ֗⁠י 1 Alternate translation: “They will be my people”
3:17 j5ap rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns סְגֻלָּ֑ה 1 Here **possession** refers to one’s personal property. This idea can be expressed with a verb. Alternate translation: “those who will belong completely to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:17 pp17 לַ⁠יּ֕וֹם 1 the time when Yahweh will judge and punish the rebellious Israelites, giving victory to the faithful Israelites
3:18 d9hz וּ⁠רְאִיתֶ֔ם בֵּ֥ין 1 Alternate translation: “you will see a difference between” or “you will treat differently”
4:intro azp5 0 # Malachi 4 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Last days\n\nAlthough the Jews may have hoped these prophecies referenced a time in the near future to them, the prophecies of this chapter exclusively relate to the last days. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])
4:1 q73f הִנֵּ֤ה 1 Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
4:1 y5w1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַ⁠יּוֹם֙ בָּ֔א בֹּעֵ֖ר כַּ⁠תַּנּ֑וּר 1 The disaster occurring at this time is spoken of as if the day itself were **burning**. God’s judgment is often spoken of as if it were a fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:1 e9jy זֵדִ֜ים & עֹשֵׂ֤ה רִשְׁעָה֙ 1 See how you translated these words in [Malachi 3:15](../03/15.md).
4:1 i1qy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הָי֨וּ כָל־זֵדִ֜ים וְ⁠כָל־עֹשֵׂ֤ה רִשְׁעָה֙ קַ֔שׁ 1 These people are spoken of as if they will become dried-up plants fit only for being burned. It is common for the Bible to speak of people as if they were plants or trees. Alternate translation: “all the arrogant and all the evildoers will burn up like dry plants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:1 f4xr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠לִהַ֨ט אֹתָ֜⁠ם הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠בָּ֗א 1 Here **The day** stands for the events that will occur on that day. Alternate translation: “On that day I will burn them up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4:1 x4ll rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹא־יַעֲזֹ֥ב לָ⁠הֶ֖ם שֹׁ֥רֶשׁ וְ⁠עָנָֽף 1 This expression continues to speak of people as if they were plants or trees. Alternate translation: “nothing will be left” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:1 o0u8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹא־יַעֲזֹ֥ב לָ⁠הֶ֖ם שֹׁ֥רֶשׁ וְ⁠עָנָֽף 1 Being deprived of all roots and branches stands for being completely killed off. Alternate translation: “nothing will be left” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:2 tqe5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לָ⁠כֶ֜ם יִרְאֵ֤י שְׁמִ⁠י֙ 1 Here **my name** stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4:2 jc14 וְ⁠זָרְחָ֨ה & שֶׁ֣מֶשׁ צְדָקָ֔ה וּ⁠מַרְפֵּ֖א בִּ⁠כְנָפֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 This could mean: (1) Yahweh, who always acts righteously, will come and heal his people on that day or (2) on that day Yahweh will reveal the people’s righteousness and heal them.
4:2 p4nc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠מַרְפֵּ֖א בִּ⁠כְנָפֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **healing**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the ability to heal in its wings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4:2 nogu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠מַרְפֵּ֖א בִּ⁠כְנָפֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 This could mean: (1) the act of healing someone is spoken of as if it were an object that the sun carried to people by means of its wings or (2) the healing takes place under the wings, that is, in the security God gives his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:2 n991 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בִּ⁠כְנָפֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 It was common in the Ancient Near East to speak of the sun as if it had **wings**, with which it moved across the sky. This could mean: (1) the sun’s life-giving rays of light are spoken of as if they were its wings or (2) the wings are said to cover God’s people so as to give them peace and safey. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:2 is44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וִֽ⁠יצָאתֶ֥ם וּ⁠פִשְׁתֶּ֖ם כְּ⁠עֶגְלֵ֥י מַרְבֵּֽק 1 Here the redeemed people of Yahweh are spoken of as if they were young bulls released from their stalls, allowed to go out into their pasture. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4:3 cn2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠עַסּוֹתֶ֣ם רְשָׁעִ֔ים כִּֽי־יִהְי֣וּ אֵ֔פֶר תַּ֖חַת כַּפּ֣וֹת רַגְלֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Here the victory of God’s people is spoken of as if they were walking over the burned bodies of their enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:3 f8ct יִהְי֣וּ אֵ֔פֶר 1 The Israelites’ enemies are spoken of as having been burned to **ashes** ([Malachi 4:1](../04/01.md)).
4:4 if2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns זִכְר֕וּ תּוֹרַ֖ת מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדִּ֑⁠י אֲשֶׁר֩ צִוִּ֨יתִי אוֹת֤⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **law**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “taught.” Alternate translation: “Remember what I taught my servant Moses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4:4 td5c זִכְר֕וּ 1 Here **Remember** stands for “Think about” and, at the same time, “Obey.”
4:4 n5dr בְ⁠חֹרֵב֙ 1 **Horeb** is another name for Sinai.
4:4 r85g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 Here **all Israel** is a reference to all the people in the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4:4 arq6 חֻקִּ֖ים 1 These are the laws that God gave Israel for all time.
4:4 l5p2 וּ⁠מִשְׁפָּטִֽים 1 These are legal decisions meant to make clear how the general statutes apply to everyday life.
4:5 cnc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בּ֚וֹא י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה הַ⁠גָּד֖וֹל וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹרָֽא 1 Here the occurrence of this **day** is spoken of as if it were **coming**. Alternate translation: “before the great and fearful day of Yahweh happens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:5 s6ig י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה הַ⁠גָּד֖וֹל וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹרָֽא 1 This expression refers to any time in which Yahweh acts decisively.
4:6 kql7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הֵשִׁ֤יב לֵב־אָבוֹת֙ עַל־בָּנִ֔ים וְ⁠לֵ֥ב בָּנִ֖ים עַל־אֲבוֹתָ֑⁠ם 1 Here changing how people think is spoken of as if it were turning their hearts. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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