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@ -2558,71 +2558,132 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
20:30 v66q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠רָ֑ע 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
20:30 isry rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ֝⁠מַכּ֗וֹת חַדְרֵי־בָֽטֶן 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and strikes of a wound cleanse the rooms of the belly”
20:30 lyhn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חַדְרֵי־בָֽטֶן 1 See how you translated this phrase in [18:8](../18/08.md).
21:intro ge8s 0 # Proverbs 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 21 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
21:1 w5md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The king’s heart is a stream of water in the hand of Yahweh 0 The writer speaks of the king’s heart as if it were an irrigation ditch in a dry area through which people direct water to plants that need it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh controls the king’s heart as a man directs water for irrigation”
21:1 t1m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The king’s heart 0 The heart is a metaphor for what a person thinks and what he wants to do. Alternate translation: “The king’s thoughts and actions” or “What the king thinks and what he wants to do”
21:2 yz3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Every person’s way is right in his own eyes 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if it that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “Every person thinks that what he does is good” or “Every person judges what he does as good”
21:2 xmb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who weighs the hearts 0 The writer speaks of Yahweh deciding whether a person desires to do what is right as if Yahweh were looking at a physical object and deciding whether it is of good quality. Alternate translation: “who will judge the motives” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:3 qs6t To do what is right 0 Alternate translation: “To do what Yahweh thinks is right”
21:3 ezq6 To do what is … just 0 Alternate translation: “To treat people the way Yahweh wants people to treat other people”
21:3 f31f just is more acceptable to Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “just—Yahweh wants this more”
21:4 ps7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Haughty eyes and a proud heart 0 The words “eyes” and “heart” are synecdoches for a person who considers himself better than other people and wants other people to know it. Alternate translation: “People who want others to think that they are better than other people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
21:4 xvr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Haughty eyes 0 This is a synecdoche for a person who wants others to know that he thinks he is better than they are.
21:4 gk4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche proud heart 0 This is a synecdoche for a person who thinks he is better than others.
21:4 y68u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the lamp of the wicked 0 The things that help the wicked are spoken of as a lamp. Alternate translation: “the things that help a wicked person like a lamp helps to see in the dark”
21:5 xi4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns comes only to poverty 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “only becomes poor”
21:6 vsi8 Acquiring riches 0 Alternate translation: “Gaining wealth”
21:6 bc5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a lying tongue 0 The tongue is a metonym for the words a person uses the tongue to speak. Alternate translation: “speaking lies”
21:6 w3kd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a fleeting vapor 0 The writer likens the riches a person gains by lying to a mist that quickly goes away in the morning. Alternate translation: “a disappearing mist”
21:6 l9ag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a snare that kills 0 The writer speaks of the riches that a person gains by lying as if it were the bait in a hunter’s trap; the word “snare” is a metonym for the bait that attracts the animal into the snare. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:7 zn7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The violence of the wicked will drag them away 0 The writer speaks as though violence were a person who could drag other people away. God will punish wicked people who harm their innocent neighbors.
21:7 ce4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns violence of the wicked 0 Here, **violence** refers to violent deeds or things people do to harm their innocent neighbors. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **violence**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. The word **wicked** is a nominal adjective that refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “The violent actions of wicked people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
21:7 i5j5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit drag them away 0 This phrase refers to dragging a net through water to catch fish. The wicked being destroyed by their own actions is spoken of as if their actions trapped them in a net like one would catch fish. AT “drag them away like fish” or “destroy them as easily as one catches fish in a net” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:9 gff3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a corner of the roof 0 Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof.
21:9 j9e1 quarrelsome wife 0 Alternate translation: “wife who often argues and complains”
21:10 x3rs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The appetite of the wicked craves evil 0 The writer speaks of a person’s appetite, the physical desire for food and drink, as if it were a person who could desire something. The word “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil people, and the word “evil” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil deeds. Alternate translation: “Evil people desire to do evil deeds just as they desire to eat and drink” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
21:10 a2dz craves 0 desires strongly
21:10 d5qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom his neighbor finds no favor in his eyes 0 The idiom to “find favor” means to have someone approve of and act kindly towards the one who finds favor. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents a person’s thoughts and attitude towards another person. Alternate translation: “his neighbor does not receive favor from him” or “he does not act kindly towards his neighbor” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:11 rd8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive When the mocker is punished 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When someone punishes the mocker”
21:11 a6a5 the mocker 0 Alternate translation: “the person who mocks others”
21:11 m512 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive when the wise person is instructed 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone instructs the wise person”
21:11 ylu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor lays hold of knowledge 0 Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could grasp and keep for himself.
21:12 t3bj The righteous 0 This could mean: (1) any righteous person or (2) “Yahweh the one who is righteous.”
21:12 bc3u watches the house 0 Alternate translation: “pays careful attention to the house” “looks to see what happens to the house”
21:12 tem1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he brings wicked people to disaster 0 Here disaster is spoken of as if it were a place that someone could be brought to. Alternate translation: “he destroys them”
21:13 uc5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The one who shuts his ears to the cry of the poor 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The one who will not listen when poor people ask for help”
21:13 iv38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he will not be answered 0 The word “answered” is a metonym for a person hearing another person ask for help and acting to help. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will do anything to help him” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:14 h1vz appeases anger 0 Alternate translation: “makes an angry person feel better so he is no longer angry”
21:15 p2ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns When justice is done 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a noun phrase. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When rulers do what is just” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:16 cj4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom wanders from the way of understanding 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “no longer lives wisely”
21:16 t6m2 he will rest in the assembly of the dead 0 Alternate translation: “he will remain in the assembly of dead spirits”
21:18 mh2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor is ransom for 0 The word “ransom” is a metaphor for one person who takes the place of another person. Here the person who does what is wrong is punished instead of the person who does what is right.
21:18 qt7k the treacherous 0 a person who harms those who trust him by lying and otherwise dealing falsely
21:18 n28n upright people 0 Alternate translation: “righteous people” or “honest people” or “just people”
21:20 r84p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj wise 0 This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “wise person”
21:20 nw25 swallows it all up 0 Alternate translation: “uses it all for no good purpose” or “wastes it”
21:22 d84j scales the city 0 Alternate translation: “climbs up and over the wall that surrounds the city”
21:22 v5jk the city of the mighty ones 0 Alternate translation: “a city in which mighty men are living” or “a city of mighty warriors”
21:22 p6cm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he brings down 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he destroys”
21:22 w292 the stronghold in which they trusted 0 Alternate translation: “the walls and towers around the city that they did not think anyone would be able to get past into the city, so they felt safe”
21:23 xw3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet Whoever guards his mouth and tongue 0 Both “mouth” and “tongue” refer to what a person says. Alternate translation: “Whoever is careful in what he says” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:24 c77j The proud and haughty person … acts with arrogant pride 0 Alternate translation: “You can expect a proud and haughty people to act with arrogant pride”
21:24 m76a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet proud and haughty 0 These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how prideful the person is.
21:24 rf25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy “Mocker” is his name 0 The word “name” is a metonym for what people would call him. Alternate translation: “a mocker is what you should call him”
21:25 pzb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The desire of the lazy kills him 0 The writer speaks of what a person wants as if it were a person who could kill a lazy person. Here the lazy person wants to be idle and not work. Alternate translation: “A lazy person only wants to be idle, and because of that he will die” or “A lazy person will die because he does not want to work” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
21:25 dt4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his hands refuse 0 The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “he refuses”
21:26 vgt6 craves 0 desires strongly
21:26 es9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes gives and does not hold back 0 The phrase “does not hold back” can be stated positively, and what he gives can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “gives everything he should” or “gives generously”
21:27 fq9a The sacrifice of the wicked is detestable 0 The writer does not mention Yahweh here, as in [Proverbs 15:8](../15/08.md), but the reader should understand that it is Yahweh who detests the sacrifice of the wicked.
21:27 l3le rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the wicked 0 The nominal adjective “wicked” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” or “wicked people”
21:27 iy31 it is even more detestable 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh detests the sacrifice even more”
21:28 h8d4 will speak for all time 0 This is because people will never forget what he said.
21:29 z6tg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom makes his face hard 0 This could mean: (1) “pretends to be courageous” or (2) “will not listen to correction.”
21:29 ts1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor is certain about his ways 0 A person’s actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which the person walks. Alternate translation: “is certain about what he does” or “is confident about what he does”
21:30 n8kt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns There is no wisdom, there is no understanding, and there is no advice that 0 The words “there is” are repeated to emphasize the abstract nouns “wisdom,” “understanding,” and “advice.” Yahweh is greater than anything that anyone can know or think or say. Your language may require that you not repeat “there is no.” The abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “There is no wise person, there is no one who understands anything, and there is no one who tells others what to do who” or “There is no wisdom, understanding, or advice that”
21:30 k3pe stand against Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “defeat Yahweh” or “work against what Yahweh wants to do” or “show that he is right and Yahweh is wrong”
21:31 j1hq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The horse is prepared for the day of battle 0 These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Soldiers prepare horses for the day of battle”
21:31 i6w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the day of battle 0 The word “day” refers to time that may be longer or shorter than a day. Alternate translation: “when there is a battle”
21:intro ge8s 0 # Proverbs 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 21 continues the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Parallelism\n\nChapters 16–22 mostly contain proverbs in which the second of two parallel clauses completes, emphasizes, or qualifies the idea of the first clause. Chapter 21 also contains contrasting parallelism ([21:2](../21/02.md), [5](../21/05.md), [8](../21/08.md), [15](../21/15.md), [17](../21/17.md), [20](../21/20.md), [26](../21/26.md), [28](../21/28.md), [29](../21/29.md), [31](../21/31.md)) and parallelism in which both clauses have the same meaning for emphasis ([21:14](../21/14.md)). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
21:1 neqo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לֶב־מֶ֭לֶךְ 1 **The heart of a king** refers to the **heart** of any **king** in general, not a specific **king**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “The heart of any king”
21:1 t1m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֶב 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
21:1 w5md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פַּלְגֵי־מַ֣יִם & בְּ⁠יַד־יְהוָ֑ה & יַטֶּֽ⁠נּוּ 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of **Yahweh** using the **heart of a king** to accomplish his purposes as if the **heart** were water streams that **he steers** to go to the places where he wants them to go. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a synonym. Alternate translation: “is controlled by Yahweh to do” or “is controlled by Yahweh like a farmer controls streams to flow”
21:2 qwnj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דֶּרֶךְ 1 See how you translated the same use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
21:2 vwim rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִ֭ישׁ & בְּ⁠עֵינָ֑י⁠ו 1 Although the terms **man** and **his** are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “any person … in that person’s eyes”\n
21:2 yz3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יָשָׁ֣ר בְּ⁠עֵינָ֑י⁠ו 1 See how you translated the same phrase in [12:15](../12/15.md).
21:2 hqo4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠תֹכֵ֖ן & יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [16:2](../16/02.md).
21:2 xmb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִבּ֣וֹת 1 See how you translated the same use of **hearts** in [15:11](../15/11.md).
21:3 qs6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns צְדָקָ֣ה וּ⁠מִשְׁפָּ֑ט & מִ⁠זָּֽבַח 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **righteousness** and **justice** in [1:3](../01/03.md) and **sacrifice** in [15:8](../15/08.md).
21:3 f31f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נִבְחָ֖ר לַ⁠יהוָ֣ה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh prefers”
21:4 xvr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy רוּם־עֵ֭ינַיִם 1 Here, Solomon refers to pride as **Height of eyes**, which is a characteristic facial expression of proud people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar expression “uplifted eyes” in [6:17](../06/17.md). Alternate translation: “Pride”\n
21:4 gk4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּ⁠רְחַב־לֵ֑ב 1 Here, **broadness of heart** refers to thinking arrogantly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and thinking arrogantly”
21:4 as9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish נִ֖ר רְשָׁעִ֣ים 1 This phrase gives further information about the two sins described in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the relationship between these phrases clearer. Alternate translation: “that is, the lamp of the wicked ones”
21:4 y68u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נִ֖ר רְשָׁעִ֣ים 1 Here, the word translated as **lamp** could refer to: (1) the sins in the previous clause being like a **lamp** that shows **wicked ones** what to do. Alternate translation: “what guides the wicked ones” (2) the sins in the previous clause being like uncultivated ground, which is another possible meaning for the Hebrew word here, that produces nothing good. Alternate translation: “the fruitlessness of the wicked ones”
21:5 e7kl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun חָ֭רוּץ 1 The phrase **the diligent one** represents diligent people in general, not one particular **diligent one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any diligent one”
21:5 kl4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לְ⁠מוֹתָ֑ר & לְ⁠מַחְסֽוֹר 1 Here, the phrases **are to** and **is to** indicate that what follows is a result of what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a result of what came before. Alternate translation: “result in profit … result in lack”
21:5 xi4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְ⁠מוֹתָ֑ר & לְ⁠מַחְסֽוֹר 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **profit** in [3:14](../03/14.md) and **lack** in [6:11](../06/11.md).
21:5 hmlx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אָ֝֗ץ 1 Here, **hurries about** refers to doing things more quickly than they should be done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “who hurries about too quickly”
21:6 vsi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פֹּ֣עַל א֭וֹצָרוֹת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of acquiring wealth as if it were **treasures** that someone makes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Acquiring wealth”
21:6 bc5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בִּ⁠לְשׁ֣וֹן שָׁ֑קֶר 1 See how you translated this phrase in [6:17](../06/17.md).
21:6 w3kd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הֶ֥בֶל נִ֝דָּ֗ף 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the disappearance of **treasures** as if they were a **vapor** that quickly goes away. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “disappears quickly” or “disappears like a vapor that quickly disperses”
21:6 hjfe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מְבַקְשֵׁי־מָֽוֶת 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “they that seek such treasures are seekers of death”
21:6 l9ag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְבַקְשֵׁי־מָֽוֶת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of people doing something that will kill them as if they were **seekers of death**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they do what will kill them”
21:7 abnj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns שֹׁד & מִשְׁפָּֽט 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **violence** in [3:31](../03/31.md) and **justice** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
21:7 fj7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שֹׁד־רְשָׁעִ֥ים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the **violence** done by **wicked ones**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “The violence done by wicked ones”
21:7 zn7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יְגוֹרֵ֑⁠ם 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **wicked ones** being destroyed because they act violently as if their **violence** were a person who could **drag them away**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will destroy them”
21:8 i5j5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit דֶּ֣רֶךְ 1 See how you translated the same use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
21:8 zjoe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִ֣ישׁ וָזָ֑ר וְ֝⁠זַ֗ךְ יָשָׁ֥ר פָּעֳלֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **a guilty one**, **the pure one**, and **his** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any guilty man, but any pure person, upright is that person’s behavior”
21:9 gff3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit פִּנַּת־גָּ֑ג 1 Houses in Solomon’s time had flat roofs that people could walk on and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one **corner** of the **roof**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include this information in a note. Alternate translation: “the corner of a flat roof”
21:9 j9e1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵ⁠אֵ֥שֶׁת מִ֝דְיָנִ֗ים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **woman** who is characterized by **quarrels**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “than with a quarrelsome wife”
21:9 k56i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּ⁠בֵ֥ית חָֽבֶר 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **house** in which people live together. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “and live together in one house”
21:10 x3rs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche נֶ֣פֶשׁ 1 Here, **soul** refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.\n\n
21:10 a2dz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָ֭שָׁע & בְּ⁠עֵינָ֣י⁠ו רֵעֵֽ⁠הוּ 1 Here, **the wicked one**, **his**, and **neighbor** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. See how you translated **the wicked one** in [3:33](../03/33.md). Alternate translation: “any wicked person … that person’s neighbor … in that person’s eyes”
21:10 dykh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָ֑ע 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
21:10 d5qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹא־יֻחַ֖ן בְּ⁠עֵינָ֣י⁠ו רֵעֵֽ⁠הוּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his eyes do not show grace to his neighbor”
21:10 jgfi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בְּ⁠עֵינָ֣י⁠ו 1 Here, **soul** refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by him”
21:11 diyn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לֵ֭ץ & פֶּ֑תִי & לְ֝⁠חָכָ֗ם 1 See how you translated **a mocker** in [9:7](../09/07.md), **a naive one** in [14:15](../14/15.md), and **a wise one** in [1:5](../01/05.md).
21:11 ttu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יֶחְכַּם־פֶּ֑תִי 1 Solomon assumes that his readers will understand that **a naive one** will become **wise** as the result of seeing someone **fining a mocker**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “a naive one will see this happen and become wise”\n
21:11 a6a5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠בְ⁠הַשְׂכִּ֥יל 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone teaching **insight to a wise one** as if **insight** were an object that a person gives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and when teaching insight”\n
21:11 qiw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠בְ⁠הַשְׂכִּ֥יל & דָּֽעַת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **insight** in [1:3](../01/03.md) and **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
21:11 m512 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִקַּח־דָּֽעַת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of something learning **knowledge** as if it were an object that a person **receives**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he learns knowledge”
21:12 tq0z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit צַ֭דִּיק 1 **A righteous one** could refer to: (1) Yahweh, who is the Righteous One. Alternate translation: “The Righteous One” (2) a righteous person in general. Alternate translation: “Any righteous person”
21:12 lswm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מַשְׂכִּ֣יל 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **insight** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
21:12 hrfk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ⁠בֵ֣ית 1 Here, **house** refers to the family who lives in that **house**. See how you translated the same use of **house** in [3:33](../03/33.md).
21:12 t3bj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָשָׁ֑ע 1 See how you translated **the wicked one** in [10:16](../10/16.md).
21:12 bc3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְסַלֵּ֖ף רְשָׁעִ֣ים לָ⁠רָֽע 1 Here, Solomon refers to Yahweh causing the **wicked ones** to experience disaster as if he were **overturning** them **to evil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causing wicked ones to experience evil”
21:12 tem1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לָ⁠רָֽע 1 Here, **evil** refers to trouble that someone might experience as a result of **evil**. See how you translated the similar use of **evil** in [12:21](../12/21.md).
21:13 tql4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אֹטֵ֣ם אָ֭זְנ⁠וֹ מִ⁠זַּעֲקַת־דָּ֑ל גַּֽם־ה֥וּא 1 **One who shuts**, **his**, **a lowly one**, and **he** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person who shuts his ears from the outcries of lowly ones, that person also”
21:13 uc5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֹטֵ֣ם אָ֭זְנ⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone refusing to listen as if that person were shutting **his ears** so that he does not hear someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “One who will not listen”
21:13 ug5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠זַּעֲקַת & יִ֝קְרָ֗א 1 Here, Solomon implies that **the outcry** and **cry out** refer to someone crying out for help. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from the cry for help of … will cry for help”
21:13 ih0a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דָּ֑ל 1 See how you translated the same use of **lowly** in [10:15](../10/15.md).
21:13 uaab rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠לֹ֣א יֵעָנֶֽה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but no one will answer him”
21:13 iv38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠לֹ֣א יֵעָנֶֽה 1 Here, **answered** refers to the person who hears responding by helping the person who cries out. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but will not be helped by anyone”
21:14 h1vz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism מַתָּ֣ן בַּ֭⁠סֵּתֶר יִכְפֶּה־אָ֑ף וְ⁠שֹׁ֥חַד בַּ֝⁠חֵ֗ק חֵמָ֥ה עַזָּֽה 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “A gift in secrecy subdues nose, yes, a bribe in the bosom, strong heat”
21:14 a502 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מַתָּ֣ן בַּ֭⁠סֵּתֶר 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “A gift given in secrecy”
21:14 hby7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יִכְפֶּה־אָ֑ף 1 Here, **subdues nose** refers to stopping a person from being angry. The word **nose** here means “anger” by association with the way that a person who is angry breathes heavily through his nose. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes angry people to stop being angry”
21:14 eliy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠שֹׁ֥חַד בַּ֝⁠חֵ֗ק חֵמָ֥ה עַזָּֽה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and a bribe given in the bosom subdues strong heat”
21:14 lrg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בַּ֝⁠חֵ֗ק 1 Here, **in the bosom** indicates that a **bribe** is given to someone secretly, as if it were hidden in a person’s clothes near that person’s **bosom**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar use of “from the bosom” in [17:23](../17/23.md). Alternate translation: “in secret”\n
21:14 nsym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חֵמָ֥ה עַזָּֽה 1 Here, **strong heat** refers to extreme anger, which causes the angry person’s body to become hot. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “rage”\n
21:15 jcw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun שִׂמְחָ֣ה לַ֭⁠צַּדִּיק & וּ֝⁠מְחִתָּ֗ה 1 **A joy**, **the righteous one**, and **a terror** refer to these things and people in general, not to specific things or people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Joy is for righteous ones … but terror”
21:15 p2ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns שִׂמְחָ֣ה & מִשְׁפָּ֑ט & וּ֝⁠מְחִתָּ֗ה & אָֽוֶן 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **joy** in [10:28](../10/28.md), **justice** in [13:23](../13/23.md), **terror** in [10:24](../10/24.md), and **iniquity** in [12:21](../12/21.md).\n
21:15 push rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ֝⁠מְחִתָּ֗ה לְ⁠פֹ֣עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but doing justice is a terror for doers of iniquity”
21:16 t6m2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אָדָ֗ם 1 **A man** refers to people in general, not to a specific **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person”
21:16 cj4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תּ֭וֹעֶה מִ⁠דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַשְׂכֵּ֑ל 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person who stops behaving wisely as if the right way to behave were a **way** that he wanders from. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md). Alternate translation: “no longer lives wisely”
21:16 ezr0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בִּ⁠קְהַ֖ל רְפָאִ֣ים יָנֽוּחַ 1 In this clause, Solomon refers to a person dying. The phrase **the assembly of the spirits of dead ones** refers to the place where people’s spirits go when they die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will end up in the place where the spirits of dead people dwell” or “will end up dead”\n
21:17 xhel rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אִ֣ישׁ מַ֭חְסוֹר אֹהֵ֣ב שִׂמְחָ֑ה אֹהֵ֥ב יַֽיִן־וָ֝⁠שֶׁ֗מֶן לֹ֣א יַעֲשִֽׁיר 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “A man of lack loves joy; yes, a lover of wine and oil will not become rich”
21:17 xq28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִ֣ישׁ & אֹהֵ֥ב 1 **A man** and **a lover** refer to types of people in general, not to a specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person of … any lover of”
21:17 ecvd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אִ֣ישׁ מַ֭חְסוֹר 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who is characterized by lacking wealth. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A man who lacks” or “A man characterized by poverty”\n
21:17 lgdq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שִׂמְחָ֑ה 1 Here, **joy** refers to things and activities that cause people to feel **joy**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what pleases them”
21:17 lkxu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יַֽיִן־וָ֝⁠שֶׁ֗מֶן 1 Both **wine** and **oil** are luxurious items. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “luxurious items like wine and oil”
21:18 mh2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כֹּ֣פֶר לַ⁠צַּדִּ֣יק רָשָׁ֑ע 1 Here, Solomon refers to **a wicked one** who is punished instead of **the righteous one** as if **a wicked one** were a **ransom** that is paid on behalf of **the righteous one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A wicked one is punished instead of a righteous one”
21:18 zpmk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לַ⁠צַּדִּ֣יק רָשָׁ֑ע 1 See how you translated **the righteous one** in [10:3](../10/03.md) and **a wicked one** in [9:7](../09/07.md).
21:18 qt7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠תַ֖חַת יְשָׁרִ֣ים בּוֹגֵֽד 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and instead of upright ones, one who acts treacherously is a ransom” or “and instead of upright ones, one who acts treacherously is punished”
21:18 n28n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בּוֹגֵֽד 1 Here, **one who acts treacherously** represents this type of people in general, not one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any person who acts treacherously”
21:19 uiul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠אֶֽרֶץ־מִדְבָּ֑ר 1 Since **wilderness** is a place without people, Solomon implies dwelling alone in that place. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “by oneself in a land of wilderness”
21:19 a4uv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵ⁠אֵ֖שֶׁת מדונים 1 See how you translated **a wife of quarrels** in [21:9](../21/09.md).
21:19 pfvc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וָ⁠כָֽעַס 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **vexation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and who vexes others”
21:20 r84p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun חָכָ֑ם וּ⁠כְסִ֖יל אָדָ֣ם 1 See how you translated **a wise one** in [1:5](../01/05.md) and **a stupid man** in [15:20](../15/20.md).
21:20 nw25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְבַלְּעֶֽ⁠נּוּ 1 Here, Solomon refers to a **stupid** person wasting all his wealth as if it were something he **swallows**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “wastes it”
21:21 oyan rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רֹ֭דֵף 1 **A pursuer** represents a type of person in general, not one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any pursuer of”
21:21 sqy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רֹ֭דֵף 1 See how you translated the same use of **pursuer** in [15:9](../15/09.md).
21:21 p8u9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns צְדָקָ֣ה וָ⁠חָ֑סֶד & חַ֝יִּ֗ים צְדָקָ֥ה וְ⁠כָבֽוֹד 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **righteousness** in [1:3](../01/03.md), **covenant faithfulness** in [3:3](../03/03.md), **life** in [10:16](../10/16.md), and **honor** in [3:16](../03/16.md).
21:21 o2i2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִמְצָ֥א 1 See how you translated the same use of **find** in [8:35](../08/35.md).
21:22 d84j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עִ֣יר& חָכָ֑ם וַ֝⁠יֹּ֗רֶד 1 **A wise one**, **a city**, and **he** represent a type of person and city in general, not one particular person and city. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any wise one … any city of … and that person causes … to go down”
21:22 v5jk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עִ֣יר & עָלָ֣ה 1 Here, **ascends** refers to attacking a city and climbing over its wall. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “successfully attacks a city of” or “overruns a city of”
21:22 xeiu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עִ֣יר גִּ֭בֹּרִים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **city** that is defended by **mighty ones**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a city defended by mighty ones”
21:22 v5oc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ֝⁠יֹּ֗רֶד 1 Here, **brings down** refers to the **wise one** leading his soldiers to destroy the fortifications that protect the **city** mentioned in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and he causes his soldiers to destroy”
21:22 w292 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עֹ֣ז מִבְטֶחָֽ⁠ה 1 Here, **strength** refers to the strong walls and towers around the **city** mentioned in the previous clause. Here, **its** refers to the people in the city. They have **confidence** in the walls and do not think anyone will be able to destroy them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the strong fortifications they are confident in”
21:23 dxhc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun שֹׁמֵ֣ר פִּ֭י⁠ו וּ⁠לְשׁוֹנ֑⁠וֹ שֹׁמֵ֖ר & נַפְשֽׁ⁠וֹ 1 **One who keeps** and **his** refer to a type of person in general, not one specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any person who keeps that person’s own mouth and tongue keep that person’s life”
21:23 jcer rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שֹׁמֵ֣ר 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person being careful about what he says with **his mouth and his tongue** as if they were objects that he **keeps**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “One who is careful with”
21:23 xw3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet פִּ֭י⁠ו וּ⁠לְשׁוֹנ֑⁠וֹ 1 The terms **mouth** and **tongue** mean similar things. They both refer to what a person says. Solomon is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “whatever he says”
21:23 h05s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy נַפְשֽׁ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **life** refers to the person himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “himself”\n
21:23 o0dn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִ⁠צָּר֣וֹת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **distress** in [1:27](../01/27.md).
21:24 c77j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun זֵ֣ד יָ֭הִיר & שְׁמ֑⁠וֹ 1 **A presumptuous, haughty one** and **his** represent a type of person in general, not one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any presumptuous, haughty one … is that person’s name”
21:24 rf25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שְׁמ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, **name** refers to what people call a **presumptuous, haughty one**, not that person’s actual **name**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is what people call him”
21:24 ctpo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠עֶבְרַ֥ת זָדֽוֹן 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **rage** that is characterized by **presumption**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “with presumptuous rage”
21:24 a0w1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠עֶבְרַ֥ת זָדֽוֹן 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **rage** or **presumption**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “in an arrogantly furious manner”
21:25 byks rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עָצֵ֣ל תְּמִיתֶ֑⁠נּוּ & יָדָ֣י⁠ו 1 Here, **the lazy one**, **him**, and **his** refer to lazy people in general, not one specific **lazy one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any lazy one causes that person to die … that person’s hands”
21:25 dt4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מֵאֲנ֖וּ יָדָ֣י⁠ו 1 Here, **hands** refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he refuses”\n
21:26 vgt6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הִתְאַוָּ֣ה תַאֲוָ֑ה 1 Here, **he** and **himself** refer to the lazy person mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the lazy person desires desire for that person”
21:26 t711 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet הִתְאַוָּ֣ה תַאֲוָ֑ה 1 Here, **desires desire** has the same word repeated for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “he strongly desires for himself”
21:26 fpqu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ⁠צַדִּ֥יק 1 See how you translated **a righteous one** in [9:9](../09/09.md).
21:26 s1i0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis יִ֝תֵּ֗ן וְ⁠לֹ֣א יַחְשֹֽׂךְ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “gives what he has and does not withhold it”
21:27 l3le rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun זֶ֣בַח & תּוֹעֵבָ֑ה & בְ⁠זִמָּ֥ה יְבִיאֶֽ⁠נּוּ 1 **The sacrifice**, **an abomination**, **he**, **it**, and **a wicked plan** refer to things and a type of person in general, not to a specific person or thing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “The sacrifices of … are abominations … they bring them with wicked plans”
21:27 r9k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns זֶ֣בַח 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **sacrifice** in [15:8](../15/08.md).
21:27 fq9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תּוֹעֵבָ֑ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **abomination**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “is abominable”
21:27 iy31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אַ֝֗ף כִּֽי 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “how much more of an abomination is it when” or “how much abominable is it when”
21:27 e62d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְ⁠זִמָּ֥ה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone having **a wicked plan** while bringing a **sacrifice** as if the **plan** were an object that he brought **with** him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “while having a wicked plan”
21:27 a4j2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְ⁠זִמָּ֥ה 1 Here, **plan** refers to a purpose or motive. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “with a wicked purpose” or “with wicked intent”
21:28 c781 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עֵד־כְּזָבִ֥ים & וְ⁠אִ֥ישׁ שׁ֝וֹמֵ֗עַ 1 **A witness of lies** and **the man who listens** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Any witness of lies … but any person who listens”
21:28 h8d4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עֵד־כְּזָבִ֥ים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **a witness** who tells **lies**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a lying witness”\n
21:28 iawa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לָ⁠נֶ֥צַח יְדַבֵּֽר 1 Here, Solomon refers to people remembering what a person says as if that person would **speak to perpetuity**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will speak and what he says will be remembered”
21:29 v6qh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הֵעֵ֬ז אִ֣ישׁ רָשָׁ֣ע בְּ⁠פָנָ֑י⁠ו וְ֝⁠יָשָׁ֗ר ה֤וּא ׀ יָבִ֬ין דרכי⁠ו 1 **A wicked man**, **his**, **an upright one**, and **he** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. See how you translated **A wicked man** in [11:7](../11/07.md). Alternate translation: “Any wicked person strengthens that person’s own face, but any upright person considers that person’s own ways”
21:29 z6tg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הֵעֵ֬ז & בְּ⁠פָנָ֑י⁠ו 1 Here, **strengthens his face** means that the **man** has a facial expression that showed how stubborn and obstinate he is. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar expression from your language or express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar expression “strengthens her face” in [7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate translation: “has a brazen face” or “has a stubborn expression on her face”\n
21:29 vtab rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants יָבִ֬ין דרכי⁠ו 1 Many ancient manuscripts read **he considers his ways**, as in the ULT. Other ancient manuscripts read “he establishes his way.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
21:29 ts1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דרכי⁠ו 1 See how you translated the same use of **ways** in [3:6](../03/06.md).
21:30 n8kt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָ֭כְמָה & תְּבוּנָ֑ה & עֵ֝צָ֗ה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **counsel** in [1:25](../01/25.md).
21:30 drhv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֵ֝צָ֗ה 1 Here, **counsel** refers to true and correct **counsel**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “good counsel”
21:30 k3pe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠נֶ֣גֶד יְהוָֽה 1 Here, **in opposition to Yahweh** refers to something that contradicts the will of **Yahweh**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “that contradicts the will of Yahweh”
21:31 u7rp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun ס֗וּס & לְ⁠י֣וֹם מִלְחָמָ֑ה 1 **A horse** and **the day of battle** refer to these things in general, not a specific **horse** or **day of battle**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Any horse … for any day of battle”
21:31 j1hq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ס֗וּס מ֭וּכָן 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone makes a horse ready”
21:31 a8ws rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ס֗וּס 1 A **horse** is a large animal that armies used to pull carts from which soldiers would fight. Armies with horses were usually more powerful than armies without horses. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of animal, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term for something that soldiers use for fighting. Alternate translation: “An animal used for fighting” or “Fighting equipment”
21:31 i6w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ⁠י֣וֹם מִלְחָמָ֑ה 1 Here, **day** refers to a point in time when something happens. It does not refer to a 24-hour length of time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for the time of battle”\n
21:31 r9z9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַ⁠תְּשׁוּעָֽה 1 Here, **the salvation** refers to being saved from defeat in **battle**, which is another way of saying “the victory.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the victory” or “being saved from defeat”
21:31 sesx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ֝⁠לַֽ⁠יהוָ֗ה 1 Here, Solomon uses the possessive form to indicate that **Yahweh** is the source of **the salvation**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “but … is from Yahweh”
22:intro t5zj 0 # Proverbs 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 22 concludes the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to the “Wise Men.” The exact identity of the men is unknown.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nWith this new section of proverbs, the author begins to use many rhetorical questions. The obvious answers should convince the reader. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
22:1 but9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive A good name is to be chosen over great riches 0 These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person should choose a good name rather than great riches”
22:1 m8c7 A good name 0 Alternate translation: “To have others think that one is a good person”

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