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@ -1741,36 +1741,44 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
16:9 lw26 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown חֶרְמֵשׁ֙ 1 A **sickle** is a tool used for cutting grain. It usually has a short handle and a semicircular blade. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of farming tool, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “harvesting tool”
16:10 pjc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche נִדְבַ֥ת יָדְ⁠ךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּתֵּ֑ן 1 Here, **hand** represents the whole person in the act of giving an offering. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the freewill offering that you personally give”
16:10 n1v1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְבָרֶכְ⁠ךָ֖ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 The implication is that Yahweh blesses the Israelites by causing their grain to grow. Thus, the Israelites must offer a portion of grain that reflects how much grain Yahweh blessed them with. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “according to the amount of grain that Yahweh your God blessed you with by causing it to grow”
16:11 vju9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun your son, your daughter, your male servant, your female servant, the Levite 0 These do not refer to a specific person. It means these types of people in general. Alternate translation: “your sons, your daughters, your male servants, your females servants, any Levite”
16:11 h2jm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche within your city gates 0 Here “gates” represents cities or towns. Alternate translation: “within your towns”
16:11 g2r8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow 0 This refers to these types of people in general. Alternate translation: “all foreigners, orphans, and widows”
16:11 kg4w fatherless 0 These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them.
16:11 i5b3 widow 0 This means a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age.
16:12 ku33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom call to mind 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember”
16:13 fy5u Festival of Shelters 0 Other names for this festival are “Feast of Tabernacles,” “Festival of Booths,” and “Feast of the Ingathering.” During harvest time, farmers would set up temporary shelters in the field. This festival took place after the last harvest of the year.
16:13 s5xw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seven days 0 Alternate translation: “7 days”
16:14 uv5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche within your gates 0 Here the word “gates” represents cities or towns. Alternate translation: “within your towns”
16:15 ec92 the festival 0 Alternate translation: “the Festival of Shelters”
16:15 c3hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche all the work of your hands 0 Here “hands” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “all the work you do”
16:16 g2xh all your males must appear before Yahweh 0 Females were allowed, but Yahweh did not require that they come. The men could represent their whole families.
16:16 cxc2 must appear before Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “must come and stand in the presence of Yahweh”
16:16 pku8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes No one will appear before Yahweh empty-handed 0 Alternate translation: “They will not come before Yahweh without an offering” These two negative phrases together have a positive meaning. Alternate translation: “Every person who comes before Yahweh must bring an offering”
16:18 g2as 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
16:18 dc3d You must make judges 0 Alternate translation: “You must appoint judges” or “You must choose judges”
16:18 vxu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche within all your city gates 0 Here “gates” represents a city or town. Alternate translation: “within all your towns”
16:18 we4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they will be taken 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will choose them”
16:18 reh9 judge the people with righteous judgment 0 Alternate translation: “judge the people fairly”
16:19 c8iq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You must not take justice away by force 0 Moses speaks of justice as if it were a physical object that a strong person can violently pull away from a weak person. This can be stated in positive form. Your language might have one word that means “use force to take away.” Alternate translation: “You must not be unfair when you judge” or “You must make just decisions” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
16:19 lqn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you You must not 0 Here “You” refers to those who will be appointed as judges and officers.
16:19 f47g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and perverts the words of the righteous 0 Taking a bribe is spoken of as if the bribe were corrupting the people. Alternate translation: “for even a wise man who accepts a bribe will become blind, and even a righteous man who accepts a bribe will tell lies”
16:19 mk49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise 0 A wise person who accepts a bribe so that he does not speak against something evil is spoken of as if he becomes blind.
16:19 pu4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the wise 0 The nominal adjective “the wise” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “a wise person” or “wise people”
16:19 m8gc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj perverts the words of the righteous 0 The nominal adjective “righteous” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “causes a righteous person to lie”
16:20 xm5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor follow after justice, after justice alone 0 justice is spoken of as a person who is walking. A person who is doing what is fair and just is spoken of as if he was following close behindjustice. Alternate translation: “do only what is fair”
16:20 b78e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor inherit the land that Yahweh your God is giving you 0 Receiving the land that God is giving to the people is spoken of as if the people are inheriting the land from God.
16:21 ec3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you You must not 0 Here “You” refers to all the people of Israel.
16:22 mw2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish any sacred stone pillar, which Yahweh your God hates 0 The phrase “which Yahweh your God hates” is giving more information about the sacred stone pillar. Alternate translation: “any sacred stone pillar because Yahweh your God hates them”
16:22 s7sn sacred stone pillar 0 This refers to pillars that are idols used to worship false gods.
16:11 cvjc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before Yahweh”
16:11 vju9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וּ⁠בִנְ⁠ךָ֣ וּ⁠בִתֶּ⁠ךָ֮ וְ⁠עַבְדְּ⁠ךָ֣ וַ⁠אֲמָתֶ⁠ךָ֒ וְ⁠הַ⁠לֵּוִי֙ & וְ⁠הַ⁠גֵּ֛ר וְ⁠הַ⁠יָּת֥וֹם וְ⁠הָ⁠אַלְמָנָ֖ה 1 These terms do not refer to a specific person. These terms represent these categories of people in general. Alternate translation: “any of your sons, daughters, male servants, females servants, or Levites … and any foreigners, fatherless, or widows”
16:11 h2jm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בִּ⁠שְׁעָרֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 Here, **gates** represents the border of a town or city. Anyone who was inside the gates was part of the community. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “is within your community”
16:11 yzic rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo בַּ⁠מָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִבְחַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔י⁠ךָ לְ⁠שַׁכֵּ֥ן שְׁמ֖⁠וֹ שָֽׁם 1 The expression **in the place that Yahweh your God will choose for his name to dwell there** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “in the place where Yahweh your God will set his name”
16:11 hcdl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שְׁמ֖⁠וֹ 1 Here, **name** represents Yahweh’s presence and blessings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for his presence”
16:12 vy3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠שָׁמַרְתָּ֣ 1 Here, **keep** means “carefully obey.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you shall observe”
16:13 uckr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִֽ⁠גָּרְנְ⁠ךָ֖ 1 Here, **threshing floor** represents the harvest of grain. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of your grain”
16:13 vs1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠מִ⁠יִּקְבֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 Here, **winepress** represents wine made from the harvest of grapes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and wine”
16:13 eruh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִֽ⁠גָּרְנְ⁠ךָ֖ וּ⁠מִ⁠יִּקְבֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 These terms do not refer to a specific theshing floor or winepress. These terms represent the yearly harvest in general. Alternate translation: “from any of your threshing floors or winepresses”
16:14 fe6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וּ⁠בִנְ⁠ךָ֤ וּ⁠בִתֶּ֨⁠ךָ֙ וְ⁠עַבְדְּ⁠ךָ֣ וַ⁠אֲמָתֶ֔⁠ךָ וְ⁠הַ⁠לֵּוִ֗י וְ⁠הַ⁠גֵּ֛ר וְ⁠הַ⁠יָּת֥וֹם וְ⁠הָ⁠אַלְמָנָ֖ה 1 These terms do not refer to a specific person. These terms represent these categories of people in general. Alternate translation: “any of your sons, daughters, male servants, females servants, Levites foreigners, fatherless, or widows”
16:14 uv5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בִּ⁠שְׁעָרֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Here, **gates** represents the borders of the towns. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are in your communities”
16:15 c3hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וּ⁠בְ⁠כֹל֙ מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יָדֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 Moses is using **hand** to represent all of a person in the act of working. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and all of your own work”
16:16 g2xh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָל־זְכוּרְ⁠ךָ֜ 1 Here **males** refer to any man 20 years and older. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “all your adult men”
16:16 cxc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י & אֶת־פְּנֵ֥י 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the presence of … in the presence of”
16:16 pku8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes וְ⁠לֹ֧א יֵרָאֶ֛ה אֶת־פְּנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה רֵיקָֽם 1 Moses is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “And they must bring an offering before the pace of Yahweh”
16:17 xqxb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִ֖ישׁ 1 The word **man** represents all adult Israelite men in general, not one particular man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “each man”
16:17 wox0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כְּ⁠מַתְּנַ֣ת יָד֑⁠וֹ 1 Moses is using **hand** to represent the whole person in the act of giving an offering. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “according to what he himself gives”
16:17 kjug rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כְּ⁠בִרְכַּ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖י⁠ךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָֽתַן־לָֽ⁠ךְ 1 The implication is that Yahweh blesses the Israelites by causing their crops and flocks to be healthy and produce. Thus, the Israelites must offer a portion of their produce that reflects how much Yahweh blessed them with. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “according to the amount of produce that Yahweh your God blessed you with by causing it to grow”
16:17 z9ul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo כְּ⁠בִרְכַּ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖י⁠ךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָֽתַן־לָֽ⁠ךְ 1 The expression **the blessing of Yahweh your God that he has given to you** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “according to the blessing that Yahweh your God has given you”
16:18 dc3d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִּֽתֶּן־לְ⁠ךָ֙ 1 Here, **set** means “appoint”. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Install”
16:18 vxu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בְּ⁠כָל־שְׁעָרֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 Here, **gates** represents the border of a town or city. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “within all your towns”
16:18 m9ua rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִ⁠שְׁבָטֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 The implication is that all of the 12 tribes of Israel will have judges and officers. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “from each of your tribes”
16:18 df9g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִשְׁפַּט־צֶֽדֶק 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “justly”
16:19 q3on rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹא־תַטֶּ֣ה מִשְׁפָּ֔ט 1 Here, **twist** means “act unjustly in”. Moses is speaking of **a judgment** as if it were a physical object that one could **twist**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You shall not act unjustly in a judgment”
16:19 ym37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִשְׁפָּ֔ט 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the decision of a legal case”
16:19 c04h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לֹ֥א תַכִּ֖יר פָּנִ֑ים 1 Here, **recognize a face** is an idiom that means “show partiality.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you shall not play favorites” or “you shall not show partiality”
16:19 i1rk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י 1 The word translated as **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “because”
16:19 w1dc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification הַ⁠שֹּׁ֗חַד יְעַוֵּר֙ עֵינֵ֣י חֲכָמִ֔ים וִֽ⁠יסַלֵּ֖ף דִּבְרֵ֥י צַדִּיקִֽם 1 Here, Moses speaks of **a bribe** as if it were a person who could **blind** and **pervert** someone else. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a bribe makes it difficult for the wise and righteous to make a just decision”
16:19 olnq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְעַוֵּר֙ עֵינֵ֣י חֲכָמִ֔ים 1 Here Moses is speaking of a **wise** person making an unjust decision as if their **eyes** were blind. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes a wise person to ignore what is right”
16:19 pu4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj חֲכָמִ֔ים & צַדִּיקִֽם 1 Moses is using the adjectives **wise** and **righteous** as nouns to mean wise people and righteous people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “wise people … righteous people”
16:19 e9ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וִֽ⁠יסַלֵּ֖ף דִּבְרֵ֥י צַדִּיקִֽם 1 The implication is that a bribe **perverts the words of the righteous** by encouraging a righteous person to speak false **words**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and causes the righteous to speak falsley”
16:20 qtlc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication צֶ֥דֶק צֶ֖דֶק 1 Speaker is repeating the noun **righteousness** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “Righteousness, only righteousness”
16:20 yxu7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns צֶ֥דֶק צֶ֖דֶק תִּרְדֹּ֑ף 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **Righteousness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “You shall only judge righteously”
16:20 xm5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor צֶ֥דֶק צֶ֖דֶק תִּרְדֹּ֑ף 1 Here Moses is speaking of a judge making a fair decision as if he were running in pursuit of **righteousness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You shall make fair decisions”
16:21 ec3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹֽא־תִטַּ֥ע 1 Here, **plant** means “erect.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You shalll not erect”
16:22 klqy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַצֵּבָ֑ה 1 The people groups in the land built stone pillars as symbols of their god Baal. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “a sacred stone pillar”
16:22 pza2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מַצֵּבָ֑ה 1 The word **pillar** represents pillars for idols in general, not one particular pillar. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any pillars”
16:22 mw2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish מַצֵּבָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׂנֵ֖א יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 This does not mean “the pillar which Yahweh your God hates” which would imply that there are pillars used for idol worship that Yahweh does not hate. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “a pillar because Yahweh your God hates those”\n
17:intro a3z4 0 # Deuteronomy 17 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Witnesses\n\nIn the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])\n\n### King\n\nIsrael was not to have a king because Yahweh was their king. Knowing the sinfulness of the people, Yahweh anticipated that one day Israel would have a king. Therefore, this passage gives commands about their king prophetically. They were not allowed to collect chariots because they were a sign of earthly power and the king was to trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:1 a78k 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
17:1 d6zp in which is any blemish 0 Alternate translation: “that has a blemish” or “that has something wrong with it.” The animal is to appear healthy without any deformity.

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