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Proofreading updates to 1 Timothy and updates to 2 Timothy 3:1 

Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/3624
Co-authored-by: stephenwunrow <stephenwunrow@noreply.door43.org>
Co-committed-by: stephenwunrow <stephenwunrow@noreply.door43.org>
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stephenwunrow 2023-11-03 20:06:34 +00:00 committed by Stephen Wunrow
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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ front:intro wy83 0 # Introduction to 1 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
1:2 zx37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **Grace**, **mercy**, and **peace**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “May you be treated graciously, mercifully, and peacefully by God the Father and by Christ Jesus our Lord”
1:2 p4lz rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Θεοῦ Πατρὸς 1 **Father** is an important title for **God the Father** that describes his relationship with **Jesus**, his Son.
1:3-4 kmpv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καθὼς παρεκάλεσά σε προσμεῖναι ἐν Ἐφέσῳ, πορευόμενος εἰς Μακεδονίαν, ἵνα παραγγείλῃς τισὶν μὴ ἑτεροδιδασκαλεῖν & μηδὲ προσέχειν μύθοις καὶ γενεαλογίαις ἀπεράντοις, αἵτινες ἐκζητήσεις παρέχουσι μᾶλλον ἢ οἰκονομίαν Θεοῦ, τὴν ἐν πίστει 1 Here Paul begins a comparison using the phrase **Just as**, but he does not complete the comparison. However, he implies that **Just as** he **urged** Timothy to do these things at an earlier time, now he urges Timothy to continue to do these things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the implied part of the comparison explicit. You could include it at the beginning of the sentence, at the end of the sentence, or somewhere else. Alternate translation: “I urge you now, just as I, going into Macedonia, urged you earlier, to remain in Ephesus so that you can command certain ones not to teach differently and not to pay attention to myths and endless genealogies, which promote arguments rather than the stewardship of God, which is by faith.” or “Just as I, going into Macedonia, urged you to remain in Ephesus so that you can command certain ones not to teach differently, and not to pay attention to myths and endless genealogies, which promote arguments rather than the stewardship of God, which is by faith, so now I urge you again to do those things.”
1:3 suy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πορευόμενος εἰς Μακεδονίαν 1 Here Paul could be implying that, when he previously **urged** Timothy to remain in Ephesus, he was: (1) in Ephesus with Timothy and was about to leave for **Macedonia**. Alternate translation: “being about to leave Ephesus for Macedonia” (2) already on his way to Macedonia. Alternate translation: “being on my way to Macedonia”
1:3 suy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πορευόμενος εἰς Μακεδονίαν 1 Here Paul could be implying that, when he previously **urged** Timothy to remain in Ephesus, he was: (1) in Ephesus with Timothy and was about to leave for **Macedonia**. Alternate translation: “being about to leave Ephesus for Macedonia” (2) already on his way to Macedonia. In this case, Paul would be referring to a letter he had previously written to Timothy. Alternate translation: “being on my way to Macedonia”
1:3 k4tm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go πορευόμενος 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “coming” instead of **going**. Alternate translation: “coming”
1:3 k35a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular σε 1 In this letter, with one exception, the words **you**, “your,” and “yourself” refer to Timothy and so are singular. A note will discuss the one exception in [6:21](../06/21.md).
1:3 v4g2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἑτεροδιδασκαλεῖν 1 The implication is that these people were teaching different things than what Paul and Timothy taught, not that they were teaching in a different way. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to teach what is different from what we teach” or “to teach a different doctrine”
@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ front:intro wy83 0 # Introduction to 1 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
1:4 qpv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole γενεαλογίαις ἀπεράντοις 1 Paul says **endless** here as an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “genealogies that seem as if they will never end” or “extremely lengthy genealogies”
1:4 ft33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown γενεαλογίαις 1 The word **genealogies** refers to lists of someone’s ancestors. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of list, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “collections of the names of forefathers” or “lists of important people from long ago”
1:4 yjvq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐκζητήσεις 1 Here, the word translated **arguments** could refer to: (1) debates or heated discussions. Alternate translation: “debates” (2) questions or enquiries. Alternate translation: “questions” or “speculations”
1:4 qb9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession οἰκονομίαν Θεοῦ 1 Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe a **stewardship** that could: (1) God has and works out. Alternate translation: “the stewardship that God carries out” (2) be given by God to his people. Alternate translation: “the stewardship from God” or “the stewardship given by God”\n
1:4 qb9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession οἰκονομίαν Θεοῦ 1 Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe a **stewardship** that could: (1) be something that God has and works out. Alternate translation: “the stewardship that God carries out” (2) be given by God to his people. Alternate translation: “the stewardship from God” or “the stewardship given by God”\n
1:4 eu9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns οἰκονομίαν Θεοῦ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **stewardship**, you could express the same idea in another way. Make sure your translation fits with the interpretation you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “how God is stewarding everything” or “what God is working out”
1:4 awxg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν ἐν πίστει 1 Here Paul could be implying that **the stewardship of God**: (1) is promoted or accomplished when people have **faith**. Alternate translation: “which is promoted by faith” or “which is brought about by faith” (2) is known or experienced when people have **faith**. Alternate translation: “which is known by faith” or “which people learn by faith”
1:4 p2sr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὴν ἐν πίστει 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Make sure that your translation fits with the interpretation you chose in the previous note. Alternate translations: “which we promote when we believe” or “which is promoted by believing in Jesus”
@ -35,24 +35,23 @@ front:intro wy83 0 # Introduction to 1 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
1:5 zziu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πίστεως ἀνυποκρίτου 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “from sincerely believing”\n
1:6 ecoy rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ὧν 1 The pronoun **which** refers to the pure heart, good conscience, and sincere faith in [1:5](../01/05.md). If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to those things more directly. Alternate translation: “from which things” or “from which heart, conscience, and faith”
1:6 j4z3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀστοχήσαντες 1 Paul speaks as if a pure heart, good conscience, and sincere faith were a **mark** or target that some people have **missed**. Paul means that these people have failed to attain those things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “not having gained those things”
1:6 se38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐξετράπησαν εἰς 1 Here Paul speaks of abandoning what is good to focus on **foolish talk** as if it were turning away from those good things **to foolish talk**. He means that these people have stopped pursuing the good things that Paul mentioned in the previous and instead are focusing on things of little consequence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “have deviated and focused on” or “have been distracted by”
1:6 se38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐξετράπησαν εἰς 1 Here Paul speaks of abandoning what is good to focus on **foolish talk** as if it were turning away from those good things **to foolish talk**. He means that these people have stopped pursuing the good things that Paul mentioned in the previous verse and instead are focusing on things of little consequence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “have deviated and focused on” or “have been distracted by”
1:7 v28u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit νομοδιδάσκαλοι 1 Here, the word **law** refers specifically to the laws that God gave the Israelites through Moses. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “teachers of the law of Moses”
1:7 t131 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives μὴ νοοῦντες μήτε & μήτε 1 The words translated **no**, **either**, and **or** are two three words. In this construction, the second and third negatives do not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, they give greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use three negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a triple negative here. If your language does not use three negatives in that way, you could translate with one or two negatives. Alternate translation: “understanding neither … nor”\n
1:7 t131 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives μὴ νοοῦντες μήτε & μήτε 1 The words **not**, **neither**, and **nor** are three negative words. In this construction, the second and third negatives do not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, they give greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use three negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a triple negative here. If your language does not use three negatives in that way, you could translate with one or two negatives. Alternate translation: “understanding neither … nor”
1:7 t132 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism μήτε ἃ λέγουσιν, μήτε περὶ τίνων διαβεβαιοῦνται 1 Here, the clauses **what they are saying** and **what they insist on** mean similar things. Paul is using the two clauses together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single clause. Alternate translation: “anything that they are saying” or “any of the things that they insist on”\n
1:8 g1ey rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that Paul wishes to write about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Now”
1:8 d6dz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ νόμος 1 Here, the word **law** refers specifically to the laws that God gave the Israelites through Moses. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you referred to this **law** in [1:7](../01/07.md). Alternate translation: “the law of Moses”
1:8 r86g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐάν τις αὐτῷ νομίμως χρῆται 1 Here Paul indicates that **the law {is} good** when people use it as God intended it to be used, that is, **lawfully**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translations: “if one uses it as it was intended to be used” or “if one uses it in the way that God intended”
1:9 m7me rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo εἰδὼς τοῦτο, ὅτι & νόμος 1 Here, the word **this** refers directly ahead to **that the law is not made for the righteous**. Paul expresses the idea in this way to emphasize what he is about to say. If using **this** to introduce an idea in would be redundant in your language, you could omit the redundant information. Alternate translation: “knowing that”\n
1:9 m7me rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo εἰδὼς τοῦτο, ὅτι & νόμος 1 Here, the word **this** refers directly ahead to **that the law is not made for the righteous**. Paul expresses the idea in this way to emphasize what he is about to say. If using **this** to introduce an idea would be a redundancy in your language, you could omit the redundant information. Alternate translation: “knowing that”\n
1:9 xs94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result εἰδὼς τοῦτο 1 Here, the phrase **knowing this** introduces a reason why Paul and other believers know that “the law if good” (see [1:8](../01/08.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason. Alternate translation: “which we know because we also know this”
1:9 fq4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive νόμος οὐ κεῖται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God did not lay down the law”
1:9 e4h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit νόμος 1 Here, the phrase **the law** could refer to: (1) the laws that God gave the Israelites through Moses. Alternate translation: “the law of Moses” (2) laws in general. Alternate translation: “every law” or “law”
1:9 t139 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj δικαίῳ & ἀνόμοις δὲ καὶ ἀνυποτάκτοις, ἀσεβέσι καὶ ἁμαρτωλοῖς, ἀνοσίοις καὶ βεβήλοις 1 Paul here uses adjectives as nouns to refer to groups of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “for righteous people, but for lawless and rebellious people, ungodly and sinful people, godless and profane people”
1:9 t141 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πατρολῴαις καὶ μητρολῴαις, ἀνδροφόνοις 1 In this list Paul uses several compound words to express his meaning concisely and vividly. In each case the first term in the compound, a noun, is the object of the second term in the compound, a verb. Three of these compound words are in this verse, and two more are in the next verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express these terms by translating them either with single terms or with phrases. Alternate translations: “patricides and matricides, murders” or “people who kill other people, even their own fathers and mothers”
1:9 t141 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πατρολῴαις καὶ μητρολῴαις, ἀνδροφόνοις 1 In this list Paul uses several compound words to express his meaning concisely and vividly. In each case the first term in the compound, a noun, is the object of the second term in the compound, a verb. Three of these compound words are in this verse, and two more are in the next verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express these terms by translating them either with single terms or with phrases. Alternate translations: “those who commit patricides and matricides and murders” or “people who kill other people, even their own fathers and mothers”
1:9 t142 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ἀνδροφόνοις 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “human-slayers”
1:10 y5dx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πόρνοις 1 Paul is using the adjective **immoral** as a noun to mean immoral people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are immoral”
1:10 v1gh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἀρσενοκοίταις 1 Here, the word **male-liers** refers to men who lie with or have sex with other men. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that refers to people who engage in homosexual behavior. Alternate translation: “homosexual men” or “men who practice homosexuality”
1:10 bzw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ἀνδραποδισταῖς 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “people-stealers”
1:10 nco6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἀνδραποδισταῖς 1 Here, the word **man-stealers** refers to people who kidnap others and sell them as slaves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that refers to people who kidnap and sell others. Alternate translation: “kidnappers” or “people who kidnap and sell others”
1:10 y5dx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πόρνοις 1 Paul is using the adjective phrase **sexually immoral** as a noun to mean sexually immoral people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are sexually immoral”
1:10 v1gh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἀρσενοκοίταις 1 Here, the word **homosexuals** refers to men who lie with or have sex with other men. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that refers to people who engage in homosexual behavior. Alternate translation: “men who have sex with men” or “men who practice homosexuality”
1:10 nco6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀνδραποδισταῖς 1 Here, the word **kidnappers** refers to people who kidnap others and sell them as slaves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that refers to people who kidnap and sell others. Alternate translation: “people who kidnap and sell others”
1:10 gg42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis καὶ εἴ τι ἕτερον τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ ἀντίκειται 1 Here Paul leaves out some of the words that, in many languages, a sentence would need to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and people who do anything else that is contrary to the healthy teaching”\n
1:10 t147 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ 1 Here Paul speaks as if **teaching** could be **healthy**. He means that this kind of **teaching** is good and reliable in every way and has no defect or corruption. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “teaching that is like healthy food” or “the correct teaching”
1:11 mg4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς δόξης τοῦ μακαρίου Θεοῦ 1 Here Paul could be using the possessive form to: (1) refer to **the gospel** that is about **the glory** that **the blessed God** has. Alternate translations: “the gospel about the glory that belongs to the blessed God” (2) refer to **the gospel** that has **glory** and that came from **the blessed God**. Alternate translation: “the glorious gospel from the blessed God” (3) refer to **the gospel** that has **glory** and that is about **the blessed God**. Alternate translation: “the glorious gospel about the blessed God”\n
@ -76,9 +75,9 @@ front:intro wy83 0 # Introduction to 1 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
1:14 c1lg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὑπερεπλεόνασεν & ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν 1 Paul speaks of the **grace** of the Lord as if it were a liquid that filled a container until **overflowed**. He means that he received an extraordinary amount of **grace**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I received from the Lord so much grace” or “the Lord gave me very much grace”
1:14 b68i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **grace**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “our Lord acted so graciously that what he did”
1:14 trs7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν 1 Here, the phrase **our Lord** could refer to: (1) Jesus. Alternate translation: “of Jesus our Lord” (2) God the Father. Alternate translation: “of our Lord God”
1:14 ifnv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns μετὰ πίστεως καὶ ἀγάπης τῆς 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **faith** and **love**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “and helped me believe and love, which I do”
1:14 ifnv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns μετὰ πίστεως καὶ ἀγάπης τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **faith** and **love**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “so that, in Christ, I believe and love”
1:14 wgzn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **in Christ Jesus** could describe: (1) both **faith** and **love**. Alternate translation: “that are both in Christ Jesus” (2) just **love**. Alternate translation: “that is in Christ Jesus”
1:14 z5lv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Paul uses the spatial metaphor **in Christ Jesus** to describe the union of believers with Christ. In this case, being **in Christ Jesus**, or united to **Christ Jesus**, explains how Paul has **faith** and **love**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that indicates that Paul has **faith** and **love** as one who has been united to **Christ Jesus**. Alternate translation: “that in union with Christ Jesus” or “that come from being united to Christ Jesus”\n
1:14 z5lv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Paul uses the spatial metaphor **in Christ Jesus** to describe the union of believers with Christ. In this case, being **in Christ Jesus**, or united to **Christ Jesus**, explains how Paul has **faith** and **love**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that indicates that Paul has **faith** and **love** as one who has been united to **Christ Jesus**. Alternate translation: “that exist in union with Christ Jesus” or “that come from being united to Christ Jesus”\n
1:15 z48s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy πιστὸς ὁ λόγος 1 Here, **word** represents what Paul is about to write using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “What I am about to write is trustworthy” or “The following words are trustworthy”
1:15 andh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet πιστὸς & καὶ πάσης ἀποδοχῆς ἄξιος 1 The terms **trustworthy** and **worthy of all acceptance** mean similar things. Paul is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “is completely trustworthy” or “worthy of complete acceptance”
1:15 ox11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession πάσης ἀποδοχῆς ἄξιος 1 Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe a **word** that deserves to be accepted. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another. Alternate translation: “should receive all acceptance” or “deserves to receive all acceptance”
@ -172,9 +171,9 @@ front:intro wy83 0 # Introduction to 1 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
2:9 sw21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown μὴ ἐν πλέγμασιν 1 In Paul’s culture, women used many different kinds of hairstyles. People considered some of them to be more elaborate and ostentatious than others. Paul implies with the word **braids** that he is referring to a hairstyle that people would consider to be elaborate or ostentatious. Because it is not clear exactly what kind of hairstyle Paul had in mind, you could use a general word or phrase that refers to this kind of hairstyle. Alternate translations: “not in fancy hairstyles” or “not in elaborate hairstyles”
2:9 t210 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy χρυσῷ 1 Here Paul is referring to ornaments or jewelry made out of **gold**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “gold ornaments”
2:9 rf5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown μαργαρίταις 1 The word **pearls** refers to beautiful and valuable mineral balls that people use as jewelry. If your readers would not be familiar with **pearls**, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “jewelry” or “valuable beads”\n
2:10 j2v2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀλλ’ ὃ 1 Paul is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but to adorn themselves in a way which”
2:10 d4w6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὃ πρέπει γυναιξὶν ἐπαγγελλομέναις θεοσέβειαν, δι’ ἔργων ἀγαθῶν 1 Here Paul implies that the women should “adorn themselves” **through good works**. He speaks of these **good works** as if they were articles of clothing in order to indicate that it should be **good works** that characterize these women, just as clothing characterizes people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to be characterized, as is proper for women professing godliness, by good works”
2:10 rfb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure ὃ πρέπει γυναιξὶν ἐπαγγελλομέναις θεοσέβειαν, δι’ ἔργων ἀγαθῶν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could state how the women are supposed to adorn themselves before you indicate why this is **proper**. Alternate translation: “through good works, which is proper for women professing godliness”
2:10 rfb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure ἀλλ’ ὃ πρέπει γυναιξὶν ἐπαγγελλομέναις θεοσέβειαν, δι’ ἔργων ἀγαθῶν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could state how the women are supposed to adorn themselves before you indicate why this is **proper**. If you use the following alternate translation, you should delete the dash before it. Alternate translation: “but through good works, which is proper for women professing godliness”
2:10 j2v2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀλλ’ ὃ 1 Paul is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but to adorn themselves—as”
2:10 d4w6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὃ πρέπει γυναιξὶν ἐπαγγελλομέναις θεοσέβειαν, δι’ ἔργων ἀγαθῶν 1 Here Paul implies that the women should “adorn themselves” **through good works**. He speaks of these **good works** as if they were articles of clothing in order to indicate that it should be **good works** that characterize these women, just as clothing characterizes people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as is proper for women professing godliness—to be characterized by good works”
2:10 g35m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns θεοσέβειαν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **godliness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to be godly”
2:11 k6mj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p γυνὴ & μανθανέτω 1 If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A woman must learn”
2:11 poen rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun γυνὴ 1 The word **woman** represents Christian women in general, not one particular woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “believing women” or “female Christians”
@ -265,7 +264,7 @@ front:intro wy83 0 # Introduction to 1 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
3:12 zio6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τέκνων & καὶ τῶν ἰδίων οἴκων 1 The phrase **children and their own households** is not making a distinction between **children** and **households** by indicating that the **children** are not part of the **household**. Rather, the phrase emphasizes that the **children** are a particularly important part of the **households**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “children and the rest of their own households” or “their own households, and particularly their children,”\n
3:13 rfq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why deacons should be the kind of people that Paul has described in [3:8–12](../03/08.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason to keep a set of requirements, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “They should strive to be that kind of people, since” or “Here is why they should do those things:”
3:13 t259 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οἱ & διακονήσαντες 1 Here, the phrase **the ones having served** could refer: (1) just to the deacons, whom Paul has discussed in [3:8–12](../03/08.md). Alternate translation: “the deacons who have served” (2) both to the deacons and to the overseers, whom he has discussed in [3:1–12](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the overseers and the deacons who have served”\n
3:13 cv34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor βαθμὸν & καλὸν 1 Here Paul speaks as if these people will have **good standing**, that is, be able to stand in a good place. He could be indicating that they will gain: (1) respect and influence among believers. Alternate translation: “a good reputation” or “honor among believers” (2) a specific position or office that is respected. Alternate translation: “a respected position” or “an honored office”
3:13 cv34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor βαθμὸν & καλὸν 1 Here Paul speaks as if these people will have **good standing**. He could be indicating that they will gain: (1) respect and influence among believers. Alternate translation: “a good reputation” or “honor among believers” (2) a specific position or office that is respected. Alternate translation: “a respected position” or “an honored office”
3:13 m684 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πολλὴν παρρησίαν ἐν πίστει 1 Here, the phrase **much confidence in the faith** could mean that these people: (1) will have **much confidence** in their **faith**. Alternate translation: “much confidence about their faith” (2) will speak with **much confidence** about **the faith**. Alternate translation: “much confidence in speaking about the faith”
3:13 i6kp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πίστει τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **the faith {that is} in Christ Jesus** could refer to: (1) the act of having **faith** in **Christ Jesus**. Alternate translation: “the faith that they have in Christ Jesus” (2) what people believe about **Christ Jesus** when they have **faith** in him. Alternate translation: “what Christians believe about Christ Jesus”
3:13 tlpl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πολλὴν παρρησίαν ἐν πίστει τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **confidence** and **faith**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Make sure that your translation fits with the options you chose in the previous notes. Alternate translation: “be able to be very confident as they believe in Christ Jesus” or “be very confident about how they believe in Christ Jesus”
@ -291,7 +290,7 @@ front:intro wy83 0 # Introduction to 1 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
3:16 gm36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ὃς 1 The pronoun **Who** refers to Jesus Christ. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “Jesus” or “The Christ”
3:16 r7hg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants ὃς 1 Many ancient manuscripts read **Who**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “God.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
3:16 rqp6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν σαρκί 1 Here, the word **flesh** refers to human existence in its weakness and frailty. Paul means that Jesus was human. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as a human being”
3:16 pjr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐδικαιώθη ἐν Πνεύματι 1 Here, the phrase **was justified** could indicate that Jesus was: (1) proved by the Holy Spirit to be who he said he was. Alternate translation: “was proved right by the Spirit” (2) declared innocent by the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “was proved guiltless by the Spirit” or “was vindicated by the Spirit”
3:16 pjr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐδικαιώθη ἐν Πνεύματι 1 Here, the phrase **was justified** could indicate that Jesus was: (1) proved by the Holy Spirit to be who he said he was. Alternate translation: “was proven right by the Spirit” (2) declared innocent by the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “was proven guiltless by the Spirit” or “was vindicated by the Spirit”
3:16 av4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν ἔθνεσιν 1 Here, the word **nations** could refer to: (1) non-Jewish people. Alternate translation: “among the Gentiles” (2) all groups of people. Alternate translation: “among all people groups”
3:16 h9mb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν κόσμῳ 1 Here, the phrase **in the world** indicates that people in many places throughout **the world** believed in Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “by people throughout the world”
3:16 jz11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀνελήμφθη 1 Here Paul implies that Jesus **was taken up** into heaven. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “was taken up to heaven”
@ -304,7 +303,7 @@ front:intro wy83 0 # Introduction to 1 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
4:1 b931 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀποστήσονταί & τῆς πίστεως 1 Here Paul speaks of rejecting or failing to persist in **the faith** as if it were falling away from a location where **the faith** was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “turn away from the faith” or “will reject the faith”\n
4:1 bmbc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῆς πίστεως 1 Here, the word **faith** could refer to: (1) the act of having **faith** in Jesus. Alternate translation: “the faith that they have” (2) what people believe about Jesus when they have **faith** in him. Alternate translation: “what Christians believe”
4:1 hw98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῆς πίστεως 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Make sure that your translation fits with the option you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “believing in Jesus”
4:1 jgec rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit προσέχοντες 1 Here, the phrase **attending** could introduce: (1) a further description of what these people do. Alternate translation: “and they will pay attention to” (2) the reason why these people fall away. Alternate translation: “since they pay attention to” (3) the means by which these people fall away. Alternate translation: “by paying attention to”
4:1 jgec rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit προσέχοντες 1 Here, the phrase **paying attention to** could introduce: (1) a further description of what these people do. Alternate translation: “and they will pay attention to” (2) the reason why these people fall away. Alternate translation: “which they will do because they pay attention to” (3) the means by which these people fall away. Alternate translation: “which they will do by paying attention to”
4:1 u1ui rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πνεύμασι πλάνοις 1 Here, the phrase **deceiving spirits** refers to evil spiritual beings who deceive people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “deceptive devils” or “evil spirits who deceive”
4:1 ae5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession διδασκαλίαις δαιμονίων 1 Here Paul is using the possessive form to describe **teachings** that come from **demons**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “teachings from demons”
4:2 tkqf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν ὑποκρίσει ψευδολόγων 1 Here, the word **in** could introduce: (1) the means or cause by which some people will pay attention to deceiving spirits and teachings of demons. Alternate translation: “which they will pay attention to through the hypocrisy of liars” or “because of the hypocrisy of liars” (2) the means by which they learn the teachings of demons. Alternate translation: “which are taught through the hypocrisy of liars”
@ -331,7 +330,7 @@ front:intro wy83 0 # Introduction to 1 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
4:6 hfx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo ταῦτα 1 Here, the phrase **these things** could refer to the instructions that Paul has given in [4:1–5](../04/01.md), [3:14–4:5](../03/14.md), or to the whole letter so far. Since Paul used a general phrase, if possible you should use a general phrase that could refer to any of these sections. Alternate translation: “what I have said to you” or “these instructions”
4:6 uyeb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς 1 Paul is using the term **brothers** to mean people who share the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the believers”
4:6 h6qr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς 1 Although the term **brothers** is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “brothers and sisters” to indicate this.
4:6 lued rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession διάκονος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe a **servant** who could: (1) serve **Christ Jesus**. Alternate translation: “servant who obeys Christ Jesus” (2) have been appointed by **Christ Jesus** to serve others. Alternate translation: “servant appointed by Christ Jesus”
4:6 lued rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession καλὸς & διάκονος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe a **servant** who could: (1) serve **Christ Jesus**. Alternate translation: “a good servant who obeys Christ Jesus” (2) have been appointed by **Christ Jesus** to serve others. Alternate translation: “a good servant appointed by Christ Jesus”
4:6 t304 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐντρεφόμενος τοῖς λόγοις τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς καλῆς διδασκαλίας ᾗ παρηκολούθηκας 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the words of the faith and of the good teaching that you have followed nourishing you”
4:6 gmpi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐντρεφόμενος 1 Here, the phrase **being nourished** could introduce: (1) a description of **a good servant**. Alternate translation: “one who is nourished” (2) another condition for being **a good servant**. Alternate translation: “if you are nourished” (3) the result of being **a good servant**. Alternate translation: “and so you will be nourished” or “with the result that you will be nourished”
4:6 f8vs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐντρεφόμενος 1 Here Paul speaks as if **the words of the faith and of the good teaching** were food that **nourished** Timothy. He means that these **words** train Timothy and make him stronger spiritually. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as if being nourished” or “being strengthened spiritually” or “being trained”
@ -341,10 +340,10 @@ front:intro wy83 0 # Introduction to 1 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
4:7 inpk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces how Paul wants Timothy to treat **the profane and old-womanish myths** in contrast to how he should treat “the good teaching” ([4:6](../04/06.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In contrast,” or “Now”
4:7 elk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom γραώδεις 1 The term **old-womanish** describes something that is silly or foolish. Paul does not mean that these **myths** always came from older women or that older women were more likely to believe the **myths**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “foolish” or “groundless”
4:7 th4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown μύθους 1 The word **myths** refers to a certain kind of story that is generally considered to be untrustworthy. This kind of story is often about what important people did a long time ago. Often, many people in a culture know these stories but do not consider them to be reliable historical narratives. See how you translated this word in [1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “fictional narratives” or “traditional tales”\n
4:7 enby rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 2 Here, the word **But** introduces what Paul wants Timothy to do instead of listening to the **myths**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces that kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Rather,” or “In contrast,”
4:7 enby rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 2 Here, the word **but** introduces what Paul wants Timothy to do instead of listening to the **myths**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces that kind of contrast, or you could leave **but** untranslated. Alternate translation: “and instead” or “and in contrast”
4:7 sea5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor γύμναζε & σεαυτὸν 1 Here Paul speaks as if Timothy were an athlete who needed to **train** himself. He means that Timothy needs to work hard, as an athlete does, in order to become godly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “always strive”
4:7 dayb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πρὸς εὐσέβειαν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **godliness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to be godly”
4:8-10 u692 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks ἡ γὰρ σωματικὴ γυμνασία πρὸς ὀλίγον ἐστὶν ὠφέλιμος, ἡ δὲ εὐσέβεια πρὸς πάντα ὠφέλιμός ἐστιν, ἐπαγγελίαν ἔχουσα ζωῆς τῆς νῦν, καὶ τῆς μελλούσης & πιστὸς ὁ λόγος, καὶ πάσης ἀποδοχῆς ἄξιος & εἰς τοῦτο γὰρ κοπιῶμεν καὶ ἀγωνιζόμεθα, ὅτι ἠλπίκαμεν ἐπὶ Θεῷ ζῶντι, ὅς ἐστιν Σωτὴρ πάντων ἀνθρώπων, μάλιστα πιστῶν 1 Paul could be indicating that the trustworthy word can be found in either verse 8 or verse 10. Because it is not certain which verse contains the trustworthy word, the ULT does not include quote marks. However, if it would be helpful in your language, you could use quote marks or another form to indicate which words make up the trustworthy word. These words could be: (1) **we have hoped in the living God, who is the Savior of all men, especially of believers** in verse 10. Alternate translation: “for bodily training is useful for little, but godliness is useful for all, having promise of life, now and coming. The word {is} trustworthy and worthy of all acceptance, for unto this we toil and struggle: ‘We have hoped in the living God, who is the Savior of all men, especially of believers.’” (2) **bodily training is useful for little, but godliness is useful for all, having promise of life, now and coming** in verse 8. Alternate translation: “for ‘bodily training is useful for little, but godliness is useful for all, having promise of life, now and coming.’ That word {is} trustworthy and worthy of all acceptance. For unto this we toil and struggle, that we have hoped in the living God, who is the Savior of all men, especially of believers.”
4:8-10 u692 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks 0 The **word** that Paul refers to in verse 9 could be found in verse 10 or in verse 8. See the chapter introduction for more information. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use quote marks or some other form to indicate which words are the **word** that Paul gives to Timothy.
4:8 t311 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **for** introduces a further explanation about why Timothy should train himself for godliness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **for** untranslated. Alternate translation: “and here is why:” or “since”
4:8 t313 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πρὸς ὀλίγον & πρὸς πάντα 1 The phrases **for little** and **for all** could refer to: (1) a **little** time and **all** time. Alternate translation: “for some times … for all times” or “sometimes … always” (2) **little** usefulness and **all** usefulness. Alternate translation: “in some ways … in all ways” or “for a few things … for all things”
4:8 i6rh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἡ δὲ εὐσέβεια 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **godliness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “but being godly”
@ -354,7 +353,7 @@ front:intro wy83 0 # Introduction to 1 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
4:9 t315 πιστὸς ὁ λόγος, καὶ πάσης ἀποδοχῆς ἄξιος 1 This verse is identical to the first clause in [1:15](../01/15.md). Express the idea as you did there.
4:9 hc1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ λόγος 1 Here, the phrase **The word** could refer: (1) ahead to what Paul is about to write in [4:10](../04/10.md). Alternate translation: “The following word” (2) back to what Paul wrote in [4:8](../04/08.md). Alternate translation: “That word”
4:10 l2yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why the statement is trustworthy and should be accepted (see [4:9](../04/09.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason for something, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “That is because” or “It is trustworthy because”
4:10 uqzu rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns εἰς τοῦτο & κοπιῶμεν καὶ ἀγωνιζόμεθα, ὅτι 1 Here, the pronoun **this** could refer: (1) to what Paul is about to say in the rest of this verse about hoping in God. Alternate translation: “the reason why we toil and struggle is this, that” (2) to what Paul said in [4:8](../04/08.md) about gaining godliness that leads to life. Alternate translation: “to gain that godliness and life we toil and struggle, because” or “for that reason we toil and struggle, because”
4:10 uqzu rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns εἰς τοῦτο & κοπιῶμεν καὶ ἀγωνιζόμεθα, ὅτι 1 Here, the pronoun **this** could refer: (1) to what Paul is about to say in the rest of this verse about hoping in God. Alternate translation: “the reason why we toil and struggle is this, that” (2) to what Paul said in [4:8](../04/08.md) about gaining godliness that leads to life. Alternate translation: “to gain that godliness and life we toil and struggle, because” or “that is why we toil and struggle, because”
4:10 c9db rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet κοπιῶμεν καὶ ἀγωνιζόμεθα 1 The terms **toil** and **struggle** mean similar things. Paul is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “we keep toiling” or “we always struggle”
4:10 ccgv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants ἀγωνιζόμεθα 1 Many ancient manuscripts read **struggle**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “are reproached.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
4:10 qmj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Θεῷ ζῶντι 1 Here, the phrase **the living God** identifies God as the one who “lives.” The primary point is that God actually “lives,” unlike idols and other things that people call “god.” See how you translated this phrase in [3:15](../03/15.md). Alternate translation: “the God who lives” or “the true God”\n
@ -368,7 +367,7 @@ front:intro wy83 0 # Introduction to 1 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
4:12 t325 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν λόγῳ 1 Here, **word** represents things that Timothy speaks using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the things you say” or “in words”
4:12 k7hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 Many ancient manuscripts read **in love**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “in love, in spirit.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
4:13 ekf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἔρχομαι 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “I go to you”
4:13 t326 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πρόσεχε τῇ ἀναγνώσει, τῇ παρακλήσει, τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ 1 Here Paul implies that the **reading**, **exhortation**, and **teaching** take place in public meetings of the church where Timothy was. In these meetings, someone would read passages from the Scriptures, someone would exhort the other believers, and leaders would teach about the Scriptures and the good news. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “attend, in the gathering of believers, to the reading, to the exhortation, to the teaching” or “attend to the public reading of the Scriptures, to the exhortation of fellow believers, to the teaching of the truth”
4:13 t326 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πρόσεχε τῇ ἀναγνώσει, τῇ παρακλήσει, τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ 1 Here Paul implies that the **reading**, **exhortation**, and **teaching** take place in public meetings of the church where Timothy was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “attend, in the gathering of believers, to the reading, to the exhortation, to the teaching” or “attend to the public reading of the Scriptures, to the exhortation of fellow believers, to the teaching of the truth”
4:13 kky7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πρόσεχε τῇ ἀναγνώσει, τῇ παρακλήσει, τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for some or all of the ideas in this list, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “attend to reading, exhorting, teaching”\n
4:14 i1ka rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives μὴ ἀμέλει 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative verb **neglect**. Alternate translation: “Cherish” or “Attend to”\n
4:14 t22x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοῦ ἐν σοὶ χαρίσματος 1 Paul speaks of Timothy as if he were a container that could hold God’s **gift**. He means that Timothy has this **gift**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the gift that you have”
@ -397,7 +396,7 @@ front:intro wy83 0 # Introduction to 1 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
5:3 smp5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit χήρας τίμα 1 Here Paul implies that one of the ways to **Honor widows** is to provide for their needs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Honor widows, especially by providing for them”
5:3 qc6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὰς ὄντως χήρας 1 Here Paul defines which category of **widows** he is particularly referring to. The word **real** indicates that these women are not only **widows** but also have no close relatives to support them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “and I especially mean widows who have no one else to provide for them” or “I mean widows with no family left”
5:4 vv64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τέκνα ἢ ἔκγονα 1 Here Paul implies that these **children** and **grandchildren** are adults who are able to care for others. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “grown children or grandchildren”
5:4 w38h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πρῶτον 1 Here, the word **first** indicates that doing what Paul commands in this verse is very important. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “first of all” or "before anything else," \n\n
5:4 w38h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πρῶτον 1 Here, the word **first** indicates that doing what Paul commands in this verse is very important. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “first of all” or “before anything else,”\n
5:4 uvje rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p μανθανέτωσαν 1 If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they must learn”
5:4 fnab rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy μανθανέτωσαν 1 Here, **learn** represents experiencing something by doing it repeatedly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “let them consistently act” or “let them figure out how”
5:4 t344 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸν ἴδιον οἶκον εὐσεβεῖν 1 Here Paul implies that one important way to **treat** one’s family in **a godly way** is to take care of and provide for them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to treat their own household in a godly way, especially by providing for them,”
@ -406,9 +405,9 @@ front:intro wy83 0 # Introduction to 1 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
5:4 t347 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γάρ 1 Here, the word **for** introduces a reason why **children and grandchildren** should care for their **ancestors**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a command, or you could leave **for** untranslated. Alternate translation: “since” or “which they should do because”
5:4 t348 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **before God** refers to God’s evaluation or view about something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the eyes of God” or “to God”\n
5:5 vmco rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the **real and left-alone widow** in contrast to a widow who has living family members. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In contrast,” or “Now”
5:5 ggk0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun ἡ & ὄντως χήρα καὶ μεμονωμένη 1 The word **widow** represents widows in general, not one particular widow. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “each genuine and left-alone widow”
5:5 xp1u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἡ & ὄντως χήρα καὶ μεμονωμένη 1 Here Paul again defines what kind of **widow** he is particularly referring to. As in [5:3](../05/03.md), the word **real** indicates that these women are not only widows but also have no close relatives to support them. The word **left-alone** similarly indicates that this kind of **widow** has no close relatives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make those ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “the widow who has no relatives and no one to provide for her” or “the widow with no family left and no one to support her”\n
5:5 nw0l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ὄντως & καὶ μεμονωμένη 1 The terms **real** and **left-alone** mean similar things. Paul is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “really alone”
5:5 nw0l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys ἡ & ὄντως χήρα καὶ μεμονωμένη 1 The two phrases **real widow** and **one having been left alone** express a single idea. The phrase **one having been left alone** explains what it means to be a **real widow**. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning in a different way. Alternate translation: “the real widow, one who has been left alone,” or “the real widow, by which I mean one who has been left alone,”
5:5 ggk0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun ἡ & ὄντως χήρα καὶ μεμονωμένη 1 The word **widow** represents widows in general, not one particular widow. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “each one who is a real widow and who has been left alone”
5:5 xp1u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἡ & ὄντως χήρα καὶ μεμονωμένη 1 Here Paul again defines what kind of **widow** he is particularly referring to. As in [5:3](../05/03.md), the word **real** indicates that these women are not only widows but also have no close relatives to support them. The phrase **having been left alone** similarly indicates that this kind of **widow** has no close relatives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make those ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “the widow who has no relatives and no one to provide for her” or “the widow with no family left and no one to support her”
5:5 u1lj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor προσμένει ταῖς δεήσεσιν καὶ ταῖς προσευχαῖς 1 Here Paul speaks as if **requests and prayers** were a location that a widow **remains in**. He means that this widow frequently and persistently makes **requests and prayers** to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “consistently makes requests and prayers”
5:5 rwp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ταῖς δεήσεσιν καὶ ταῖς προσευχαῖς 1 The terms **requests** and **prayers** mean similar things. Paul is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “in many prayers” or “in urgent requests”
5:5 rb9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας 1 Here, the phrase **night and day** indicates that this **widow** prays during both the day and the night. This means that she was praying very often every day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “during every day and every night”\n
@ -471,10 +470,10 @@ front:intro wy83 0 # Introduction to 1 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
5:17 wp9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns διπλῆς τιμῆς 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **honor**, you could express the same idea in another way. Make sure that your translation fits with the option you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “of being honored in both ways” or “of being both honored and paid”
5:17 t390 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy λόγῳ 1 Here, **word** represents what these **elders** preach using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “preaching”
5:18 jmqh rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a support for the command that Paul gave in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces support or basis for a command, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In fact,” or “Here is why:”
5:18 zkq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγει & ἡ Γραφή, βοῦν ἀλοῶντα οὐ φιμώσεις, καί, ἄξιος ὁ ἐργάτης τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 Here Paul quotes from the Old Testament scriptures, specifically from [Deuteronomy 25:4](../deu/25/04.md). Then he quotes something that Jesus said, which can be found in [Luke 10:7](../luk/10/7.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could format these words in a different way and include this information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “the Scripture says in Deuteronomy, ‘You will not muzzle an ox threshing,’ and in the Gospel of Luke, ‘The worker is worthy of his wages’”
5:18 zkq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγει & ἡ Γραφή, βοῦν ἀλοῶντα οὐ φιμώσεις, καί, ἄξιος ὁ ἐργάτης τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 Here Paul quotes from the Old Testament Scriptures, specifically from [Deuteronomy 25:4](../deu/25/04.md). Then he quotes something that Jesus said, which can be found in [Luke 10:7](../luk/10/7.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could format these words in a different way and include this information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “the Scripture says in Deuteronomy, ‘You will not muzzle an ox threshing,’ and in the Gospel of Luke, ‘The worker is worthy of his wages’”
5:18 kh55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification λέγει & ἡ Γραφή 1 Here, Paul speaks of **the Scripture** as if it were a person who could say something. He means that these words can be read in **the Scripture**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you can read in the Scripture” or “it is written in the Scripture”\n
5:18 t392 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative οὐ φιμώσεις 1 The author of the quotation is using the future form to give a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea using a form that expresses a command or obligation. Alternate translation: “You should not muzzle” or “You must not muzzle”\n
5:18 vw3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor βοῦν ἀλοῶντα οὐ φιμώσεις, καί 1 When he quotes this passage, Paul is implying that the leaders of the church are like an **ox** that is **threshing**. Both are doing work, and both deserve to be supported as they do that work. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the comparison between the **ox** and the church leaders more explicit. Alternate translation: “‘You will not muzzle an ox threshing,’ and this applies to the elders as well, who should be supported for the work they do. Also,"
5:18 vw3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor βοῦν ἀλοῶντα οὐ φιμώσεις, καί 1 When he quotes this passage, Paul is implying that the leaders of the church are like an **ox** that is **threshing**. Both are doing work, and both deserve to be supported as they do that work. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the comparison between the **ox** and the church leaders more explicit. Alternate translation: “‘You will not muzzle an ox threshing,’ and this applies to the elders as well, who should be supported for the work they do. Also,”
5:18 g985 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown βοῦν ἀλοῶντα οὐ φιμώσεις 1 In Paul’s culture, farmers often would make oxen thresh, that is, walk on harvested wheat to separate the kernels of grain from the wheat stalks. Some people would **muzzle an ox** while it was **threshing** in order to keep the ox from eating the grain. The point of the command is that the **ox** should be allowed to eat what it is working to produce: the grain. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of farming practice, you could give more information about what the **ox** is doing, or you could use a more general description. Alternate translation: “You will not muzzle an ox to keep it from eating the grain it is threshing” or “You will not prevent an animal from eating while it is working to produce food”\n
5:18 kys1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession ἄξιος & τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe someone who is **worthy** to receive **his wages**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “deserves his wages” or “should receive his wages”
5:18 ga9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations αὐτοῦ 1 Although the term **his** is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “his or her”
@ -546,8 +545,7 @@ front:intro wy83 0 # Introduction to 1 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
6:5 pphc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὴν εὐσέβειαν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **godliness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “being godly”
6:5 v8s1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants πορισμὸν 1 Many ancient manuscripts end this verse with the phrase **a means of gain**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read include the following sentence after **a means of gain**: “Withdraw from such.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
6:6 q5sq rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Paul uses the word **But** to introduce a contrast between what the false teachers believe about **godliness** and what is really true about **godliness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “Despite what they think,” or “And yet”
6:6 ya9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἡ εὐσέβεια μετὰ αὐταρκείας 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **godliness** and **sufficiency**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “being godly and self-sufficient”
6:6 yb8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit αὐταρκείας 1 Here, the word translated **sufficiency** could refer to: (1) considering what one has to be sufficient, no matter how much or how little it is. Alternate translation: “contentment” (2) not being dependent on other people or resources to live. Alternate translation: “self-sufficiency”
6:6 ya9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἡ εὐσέβεια μετὰ αὐταρκείας 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **godliness** and **contentment**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “being godly and content”
6:6 o6j4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πορισμὸς μέγας 1 Here, the word **gain** is the same word that Paul used in [6:5](../06/05.md) for gaining money. Here, he uses the word to refer to gaining something else, which he does not state explicitly. He could be referring to salvation, spiritual blessings, or something else. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the distinction between **gain** here and in [6:5](../06/05.md) more explicit. However, it is recommended that you do not specify exactly what is the content of the **gain** in this verse. Alternate translation: “great gain in other things” or “great gain in things besides money”
6:7 t446 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why Paul focuses on gaining things besides money in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “I say that since” or “Trying to gain money is wrong because”
6:7 j6qv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐδὲν & εἰσηνέγκαμεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον 1 Here Paul is referring to when a person is born. At birth, a person does not own anything or contribute anything to **the world**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “we brought nothing into the world when we were born”
@ -590,9 +588,9 @@ front:intro wy83 0 # Introduction to 1 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
6:12 wnkw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῆς πίστεως 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Make sure that your translation fits with the option you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “to believe in Jesus”\n
6:12 y6m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐπιλαβοῦ τῆς αἰωνίου ζωῆς 1 Here Paul tells Timothy to desire and focus on **eternal life** so much that it is like holding onto it firmly with his hands. Paul may be continuing the metaphor of an athlete who worked hard to win an event and now holds the trophy in his hands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translations: “eagerly desire eternal life” or “do whatever is necessary to gain eternal life”
6:12 vgww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῆς αἰωνίου ζωῆς 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **life**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “being able to live eternally”\n
6:12 usd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐκλήθης καὶ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God called you, and you”
6:12 i1za rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases καὶ 1 Here, the word **and** could introduce: (1) a second thing that Timothy experienced that is related to eternal life. Alternate translation: “and for which you” (2) when it was clear that Timothy was called to eternal life. Alternate translation: “when you”
6:12 qw96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὡμολόγησας τὴν καλὴν ὁμολογίαν 1 Here, the phrase **the good confession** refers to what Christians would say when they publicly declared that they were Christians. Most likely, they **confessed** that they considered Jesus to be Lord and that they believed in him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “confessed your faith in Jesus” or “confessed the good confession that Jesus is Lord”
6:12 usd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐκλήθης 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God called you”
6:12 i1za rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases καὶ ὡμολόγησας 1 Here, the word **and** could introduce: (1) a second thing that Timothy experienced that is related to eternal life. Alternate translation: “and also for which you confessed” (2) when it was clear that Timothy was called to eternal life. Alternate translation: “when you confessed”
6:12 qw96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὡμολόγησας τὴν καλὴν ὁμολογίαν 1 Here, the phrase **the good confession** refers to what Christians would say when they publicly declared that they were Christians. Most likely, they **confessed** that they considered Jesus to be Lord and that they believed in him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “for which you confessed your faith in Jesus” or “for which you confessed the good confession that Jesus is Lord”
6:12 r30g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὴν καλὴν ὁμολογίαν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **confession**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the good things that we believe” or “the good things that you said”
6:12 vm6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐνώπιον πολλῶν μαρτύρων 1 Here Paul implies that Timothy’s **confession** of his faith was binding because these **witnesses** were present and could testify that he had made it. In your translation, you could use an expression in your language for a public, legal commitment. Alternate translation: “while many people were watching” or “in a public and binding way”
6:13 t476 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula παραγγέλλω σοι ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Here Paul puts Timothy under oath; he makes him swear by **God** and **Christ Jesus** when he gives him a command. Use a natural way in your language to express an oath. See how you expressed the similar oath formula in [5:21](../05/21.md). Alternate translation: “I command you, asking you to swear before God” or “I command you by God”\n
@ -627,9 +625,9 @@ front:intro wy83 0 # Introduction to 1 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
6:18 dda6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ἀγαθοεργεῖν, πλουτεῖν ἐν ἔργοις καλοῖς 1 The phrases **to do good** and **to be rich in good works** mean similar things. Paul is using the two phrases together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “to be rich in doing what is good” or “to do good at all times”
6:18 cii3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πλουτεῖν ἐν ἔργοις καλοῖς 1 Here Paul speaks of **good works** as if they were money that could make people **rich** if they did many **good works**. He means that these believers should do very many **good works**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain the figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to be rich in good works instead of in money” or “to accomplish a large number of good works”
6:18 pfv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet εὐμεταδότους εἶναι, κοινωνικούς 1 The terms **generous** and **willing to share** mean similar things. Paul is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “to be extremely generous” or “to share everything at all times”
6:19 zc9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀποθησαυρίζοντας ἑαυτοῖς θεμέλιον καλὸν εἰς τὸ μέλλον 1 Here Paul speaks about blessings that believers will receive as if they were treasure that believers were **storing up for themselves**. He means that things done in this life will ensure good things for life after Jesus comes back. Paul also speaks about these blessings as if they were **a good foundation**. He means that these blessings are something that believers will have from the moment when Jesus comes back, and they can rely upon these blessings. If it is possible, you could preserve both these metaphors. Otherwise, you could: (1) only use the metaphor of treasure. Alternate translation: “storing up for themselves good treasure for what is coming” or “ensuring that they will have good things in what is coming as if they were storing up treasure for themselves” (2) only use the foundation metaphor. Alternate translation: “building for themselves a good foundation for what is coming” or “ensuring that they will have good things in what is coming as if they were building a good foundation” (3) state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “ensuring that they will have good things in what the coming”\n
6:19 zc9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀποθησαυρίζοντας ἑαυτοῖς θεμέλιον καλὸν εἰς τὸ μέλλον 1 Here Paul speaks of doing the good works that he has just listed as if it were **storing up** treasure. He means that good things done in this life will ensure good things for life after Jesus comes back. Paul also speaks as if doing those good works would construct **a good foundation**. He means that people who do those good works will be certain to experience good things from the moment when Jesus comes back. If it is possible, you could preserve both these metaphors. Otherwise, you could: (1) only use the metaphor of treasure. Alternate translation: “storing up for themselves good treasure for what is coming” or “ensuring that they will have good things in what is coming as if they were storing up treasure for themselves” (2) only use the foundation metaphor. Alternate translation: “building for themselves a good foundation for what is coming” or “ensuring that they will have good things in what is coming as if they were building a good foundation” (3) state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “ensuring that they will have good things in what is coming”\n
6:19 t494 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰς τὸ μέλλον 1 Here Paul is referring to the **coming** age, or time period. This **coming** age contrasts with “the present age” that Paul referred to in [6:17](../06/17.md). The **coming** age is the time period after Jesus comes back and God transforms everything. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for the future time period” or “for the time after Jesus returns”\n
6:19 m2y1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 Here, the phrase **so that** could introduce: (1) the purpose for which the rich believers should do good for others and store up a good foundation. Alternate translation: “in order that” (2) the result of doing good for others and storing up a good foundation. Alternate translation: “with the result that”
6:19 m2y1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 Here, the phrase **so that** could introduce: (1) the result of doing good for others and storing up a good foundation. Alternate translation: “with the result that” (2) the purpose for which the rich believers should do good for others and store up a good foundation. Alternate translation: “in order that”
6:19 z5ru rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐπιλάβωνται τῆς ὄντως ζωῆς 1 Here Paul speaks about believers gaining **real life** as if they were holding onto it firmly in their hands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed the similar figure of speech in [6:12](../06/12.md). Alternate translations: “they may be sure of having real life” or “they may attain real life”\n
6:19 l4n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῆς ὄντως ζωῆς 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of life, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “being able to really live”\n
6:19 fck8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants τῆς ὄντως ζωῆς 1 Many ancient manuscripts read **the real life**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “eternal life.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.

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@ -246,8 +246,10 @@ front:intro s7fk 0 # Introduction to 2 Timothy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
2:26 sawl rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ, εἰς τὸ ἐκείνου θέλημα 1 Here Paul uses the pronoun **him** and the phrase **that one**. He could be: (1) using both terms to refer to the devil. Alternate translation: “the devil for the devil’s own will” (2) be using the word **him** to refer to the devil and the phrase **that one** to refer to God. In this case, the phrase **for the will of that one** gives the result of these people becoming sober again. Alternate translation: “the devil, but now they can do the will of God”
2:26 dj4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εἰς τὸ ἐκείνου θέλημα 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **will**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “for what that one desires”
3:intro k2cr 0 # 2 Timothy 3 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\nMany scholars understand the **last days** to mean the entire time from when Jesus first came to when he will return, which includes Paul’s time. If so, then what Paul teaches in this chapter about being persecuted applies to all believers. But some scholars understand the **last days** to mean a time in the future just before Jesus returns. If that is the meaning, then Paul is prophesying in verses 1–9 and 13 about those days. If possible, translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate these verses. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])
3:1 g65r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις 1 Paul is using the term **days** to refer to a particular time. Alternate translation: “during the period of time before the end”
3:1 n7gs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐνστήσονται καιροὶ χαλεποί 1 The implication from what Paul goes on to say about people becoming ungodly and violent is that it will be difficult for believers in this time period. Alternate translation: “believers will face difficult situations”
3:1 dtw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that Paul wants to write about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next idea, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Now”
3:1 k9xi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo τοῦτο & γίνωσκε, ὅτι 1 The expression **know this, that** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “know that”\n
3:1 g65r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις 1 Here, the phrase **last days** refers to the period of time before Jesus comes back. Christians have different understandings about whether Paul believed that this time period had already begun or would begin sometime in the future. If possible, your translation should refer to this time period without indicating whether it had already begun. Alternate translation: “during the time before Jesus’ second coming” or “in the final time period”
3:1 n7gs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐνστήσονται καιροὶ χαλεποί 1 Here Paul implies that the **times** will be **difficult** for believers because of what other people do and say that may harm or injure them (see [3:2–5](../03/02.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “believers will face difficult situations” or “believers will be in danger”
3:2 p075 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations οἱ ἄνθρωποι 1 Here Paul is using the term **men** in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “people”
3:2 jb27 φίλαυτοι 1 Here, **self-loving** refers to loving oneself more than loving family or friends with a natural human love. This is not the kind of love that comes from God. Alternate translation: “self-centered”
3:3 u3n7 ἄστοργοι 1 The term **unloving** means that they will not love other people whom they should love. Alternate translation: “they will not love their own families”

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
246 2:26 sawl rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ, εἰς τὸ ἐκείνου θέλημα 1 Here Paul uses the pronoun **him** and the phrase **that one**. He could be: (1) using both terms to refer to the devil. Alternate translation: “the devil for the devil’s own will” (2) be using the word **him** to refer to the devil and the phrase **that one** to refer to God. In this case, the phrase **for the will of that one** gives the result of these people becoming sober again. Alternate translation: “the devil, but now they can do the will of God”
247 2:26 dj4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εἰς τὸ ἐκείνου θέλημα 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **will**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “for what that one desires”
248 3:intro k2cr 0 # 2 Timothy 3 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\nMany scholars understand the **last days** to mean the entire time from when Jesus first came to when he will return, which includes Paul’s time. If so, then what Paul teaches in this chapter about being persecuted applies to all believers. But some scholars understand the **last days** to mean a time in the future just before Jesus returns. If that is the meaning, then Paul is prophesying in verses 1–9 and 13 about those days. If possible, translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate these verses. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])
249 3:1 g65r dtw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις δὲ 1 Paul is using the term **days** to refer to a particular time. Alternate translation: “during the period of time before the end” Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that Paul wants to write about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next idea, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Now”
250 3:1 n7gs k9xi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo ἐνστήσονται καιροὶ χαλεποί τοῦτο & γίνωσκε, ὅτι 1 The implication from what Paul goes on to say about people becoming ungodly and violent is that it will be difficult for believers in this time period. Alternate translation: “believers will face difficult situations” The expression **know this, that** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “know that”\n
251 3:1 g65r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις 1 Here, the phrase **last days** refers to the period of time before Jesus comes back. Christians have different understandings about whether Paul believed that this time period had already begun or would begin sometime in the future. If possible, your translation should refer to this time period without indicating whether it had already begun. Alternate translation: “during the time before Jesus’ second coming” or “in the final time period”
252 3:1 n7gs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐνστήσονται καιροὶ χαλεποί 1 Here Paul implies that the **times** will be **difficult** for believers because of what other people do and say that may harm or injure them (see [3:2–5](../03/02.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “believers will face difficult situations” or “believers will be in danger”
253 3:2 p075 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations οἱ ἄνθρωποι 1 Here Paul is using the term **men** in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “people”
254 3:2 jb27 φίλαυτοι 1 Here, **self-loving** refers to loving oneself more than loving family or friends with a natural human love. This is not the kind of love that comes from God. Alternate translation: “self-centered”
255 3:3 u3n7 ἄστοργοι 1 The term **unloving** means that they will not love other people whom they should love. Alternate translation: “they will not love their own families”