@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
DAN front intro txw3 0 # Introduction to Daniel<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Daniel<br><br>1. Daniel and his friends in the court of Nebuchadnezzar (1:1–21)<br>1. Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s first dream (2:1–49)<br>1. Daniel’s friends delivered from the fiery furnace (3:1–30)<br>1. Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s second dream (4:1–37)<br>1. Belshazzar’s feast and the writing on the wall (5:1-31)<br>1. Daniel in the den of lions (6:1–28)<br>1. Daniel’s vision of four beasts (7:1–28)<br>1. Daniel’s vision of a ram and a goat (8:1–27)<br>1. Daniel prays and Gabriel answers (9:1–23)<br>1. Daniel’s vision of seventy weeks (9:24–27)<br>1. Daniel’s vision of a man (10:1–11:1)<br>1. The kings of the south and north (11:2–20)<br>1. An evil king exalts himself (11:21-39)<br>1. The time of the end (11:40–12:13)<br><br>### What is the Book of Daniel about?<br><br>The first part of the Book of Daniel (chapters 1–6) is a narrative about Daniel and his friends. They were young men from Jerusalem who were taken to Babylon as prisoners. These chapters tell how they were faithful to Yahweh while living in a pagan land serving a pagan king. And it tells how God rewarded them because they were faithful.<br><br>The rest of the Book of Daniel is a series of prophetic visions. Chapters 7 and 8 deal with images representing the kingdoms and kings of the major nations. Chapters 9–11 are prophecies and visions about wars and a type of the great enemy of God appearing. Chapter 12 is a vision that describes end times.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The traditional title of this book is “The Book of Daniel” or just “Daniel.” Translators may call it “The Book About Daniel” or “The Book About the Deeds and Visions of Daniel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Daniel?<br><br>Daniel was a Jew who became a Babylonian government official during the exile. He may have written the book himself. Or he may have written the parts of the book and someone else put the parts together at a later time.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Is there a missing week in Daniel’s prophecy?<br><br>Scholars disagree about what may appear to be a missing week in 9:24-27. It is best for translators to allow apparent mysteries such as this to remain in the text. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>### When did the seventy weeks begin?<br><br>The seventy weeks in 9:24-27 began when a decree was issued to rebuild the city of Jerusalem. But there were several decrees that allowed this to happen. Translators do not need to understand how prophecies were or will be fulfilled to translate the text.<br><br>### Who was Darius the Mede?<br><br>Darius the Mede was a Babylonian king who sent Daniel into a den of lions. People have not found his name in history outside of the Book of Daniel. Scholars have tried to explain who Darius was, but they are not certain.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### How does Daniel use the word “king”?<br><br>Many kings are in the Book of Daniel, but not all of the kings ruled over all of Babylon or Persia. Some of the kings may have ruled over regions or cities.<br><br>### How many chapters does Daniel have?<br><br>Daniel has twelve chapters. Some Bible versions include stories called “Bel and the Dragon” and “The Prayer of Azariah.” However, few people think that these stories have the same authority as the rest of scripture. Therefore, there is no need to translate them.
DAN 1 intro p1ev 0 # Daniel 1 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Training for government jobs<br><br>Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were chosen to be trained for service in the Babylonian kingdom. It was not unusual for foreigners to be given positions in the Babylonian government as advisors or cultural ambassadors.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Food laws<br><br>The food from the king included things the Jews were not allowed to eat according to the law of Moses. Daniel requested permission not to eat the king’s food. He proved to the king that this food was not necessary for good health. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
DAN 1 1 x9t9 figs-synecdoche 0 Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia This refers to Nebuchadnezzar and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DAN 1 1 cps4 0 to cut off all supplies to it “to stop the people from receiving any supplies”
DAN 1 1 cps4 0 to cut off all supplies to it Alternate translation: “to stop the people from receiving any supplies”
DAN 1 1 sxi6 figs-synecdoche 0 Jehoiakim king of Judah This refers to Jehoiakim and his soldiers, not only to Jehoiakim. Alternate translation: “the army of Jehoiakim king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DAN 1 2 mfr8 figs-synecdoche 0 gave Nebuchadnezzar This refers to Nebuchadnezzar and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: “gave Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DAN 1 2 w31y 0 he gave him Jehoiakim gave Nebuchadnezzar
@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ DAN 1 3 pba3 translate-names 0 Ashpenaz This is the chief official. (See: [[rc:
DAN 1 4 j6vw figs-litotes 0 without blemish These two negative words together emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “with perfect appearance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
DAN 1 4 ki41 figs-idiom 0 filled with knowledge and understanding This is an idiom. This means they knew much and could organize and use that information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 1 4 im8m 0 king’s palace This is the large house or building where the king lives.
DAN 1 4 gg5x 0 He was to teach them “Ashpenaz was to teach them”
DAN 1 4 gg5x 0 He was to teach them Alternate translation: “Ashpenaz was to teach them”
DAN 1 5 v9dg figs-metonymy 0 The king counted out for them The king’s officials did this task for him. Alternate translation: “The king’s officials counted out for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 1 5 vq2i 0 his delicacies the special, rare, good foods that the king ate
DAN 1 5 ex12 figs-activepassive 0 These young men were to be trained This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Ashpenaz was to train these young men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 1 5 bj35 0 trained “taught skills”
DAN 1 6 ln29 0 Among these “Among the young men from Israel”
DAN 1 5 bj35 0 trained Alternate translation: “taught skills”
DAN 1 6 ln29 0 Among these Alternate translation: “Among the young men from Israel”
DAN 1 7 k7uc 0 The chief official This refers to Ashpenaz who was King Nebuchadnezzar’s highest official.
DAN 1 7 b656 translate-names 0 Belteshazzar … Shadrach … Meshach … Abednego These are all men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DAN 1 8 s7sr figs-synecdoche 0 Daniel intended in his mind Here “mind” refers to Daniel himself. Alternate translation: “Daniel decided to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -38,18 +38,18 @@ DAN 1 19 ita9 0 The king spoke with them The king spoke with the “four young
DAN 1 19 u1am figs-litotes 0 among the whole group there were none to compare with Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah pleased him much more than anyone else in the whole group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
DAN 1 19 e2m3 0 Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:6](../01/06.md).
DAN 1 20 f5x8 figs-hyperbole 0 ten times better Here “ten times” is an exaggeration representing great quality. Alternate translation: “much better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
DAN 1 21 jhp9 0 the first year of King Cyrus “the first year that King Cyrus ruled Babylon”
DAN 1 21 jhp9 0 the first year of King Cyrus Alternate translation: “the first year that King Cyrus ruled Babylon”
DAN 2 intro epd5 0 # Daniel 2 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in Daniel’s prayer in 2:20-23.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The king’s dream<br><br>Daniel told the king’s dream and what the dream meant. In the ancient Near East, it was believed that only people in touch with the gods could interpret dreams. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br><br>### How Daniel knew the dream<br><br>Daniel gave Yahweh the honor for having told him the dream and its meaning in answer to the prayers of the four men.
DAN 2 1 mns5 translate-ordinal 0 In the second year “In year two” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DAN 2 1 xtc6 0 he had dreams “Nebuchadnezzar had dreams”
DAN 2 1 xtc6 0 he had dreams Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar had dreams”
DAN 2 1 xw34 figs-metonymy 0 His mind was troubled Here “mind” refers to his thoughts. Alternate translation: “His thoughts disturbed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 2 1 g67b 0 and he could not sleep His troubled thoughts prevented him from sleeping. Alternate translation: “so that he could not sleep”
DAN 2 2 zsv7 0 Then the king summoned the magicians “Then the king called the magicians”
DAN 2 2 a7yh 0 the dead “people who had died”
DAN 2 2 n5gn 0 they came in “they came into the palace”
DAN 2 2 x5f6 0 stood before “stood in front of”
DAN 2 2 zsv7 0 Then the king summoned the magicians Alternate translation: “Then the king called the magicians”
DAN 2 2 a7yh 0 the dead Alternate translation: “people who had died”
DAN 2 2 n5gn 0 they came in Alternate translation: “they came into the palace”
DAN 2 2 x5f6 0 stood before Alternate translation: “stood in front of”
DAN 2 3 q4dv figs-synecdoche 0 my mind is anxious Here “mind” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “I am anxious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DAN 2 3 wvg5 0 anxious “troubled”
DAN 2 3 wvg5 0 anxious Alternate translation: “troubled”
DAN 2 4 k6f2 translate-names 0 Aramaic This is the language that people in Babylon spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DAN 2 4 b8zx 0 King, live forever! The men probably said this to show the king that they were loyal to him. Alternate translation: “King, we hope you will live forever!”
DAN 2 4 n36i 0 us, your servants The men called themselves the king’s servants to show him respect.
@ -59,37 +59,37 @@ DAN 2 5 nw8r figs-activepassive 0 your bodies will be torn apart and your house
DAN 2 6 xv1k figs-activepassive 0 you will receive gifts from me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will give you gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 7 ux2h figs-123person 0 Let the king tell us The wise men addressed the king in the third person as a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 2 8 h6gf figs-metaphor 0 you see how firm my decision is about this A decision that will not be changed is spoken of as something firm. Alternate translation: “you see that I will not change my decision about this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 2 9 ef89 0 there is only one sentence for you “there is only one punishment for you”
DAN 2 9 ef89 0 there is only one sentence for you Alternate translation: “there is only one punishment for you”
DAN 2 9 xj29 figs-doublet 0 false and deceptive words These two words mean approximately the same thing and emphasize that these are “lies intended to deceive.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 2 10 m1jc figs-doublet 0 great and powerful These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of the king’s power. Alternate translation: “most powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 2 11 n99m figs-litotes 0 there is no one who can tell it to the king except the gods This is stated in negative form for emphasis. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “only the gods can tell this to the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
DAN 2 12 xu8y figs-doublet 0 angry and very furious These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: “incredibly angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 2 12 y1cf 0 all those in Babylon “all the men in Babylon”
DAN 2 12 y1cf 0 all those in Babylon Alternate translation: “all the men in Babylon”
DAN 2 13 w1hk figs-personification 0 So the decree went out The decree is spoken of as if it was alive and able to go out by itself. Alternate translation: “So the king issued a command” or “So the king gave a command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DAN 2 13 m5cr figs-activepassive 0 all those who were known for their wisdom were to be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the soldiers were to kill all of the men who were known for their wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 13 d4wp figs-activepassive 0 so they could be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “in order to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 14 fm3n figs-doublet 0 prudence and discretion These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of his prudence. Alternate translation: “caution and careful judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 2 14 cj8p translate-names 0 Arioch This is the name of the king’s commander. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DAN 2 14 a4fa 0 bodyguard This is a group of men whose job is to protect the king.
DAN 2 14 y853 0 who had come to kill “who the king had sent out to kill”
DAN 2 14 y853 0 who had come to kill Alternate translation: “who the king had sent out to kill”
DAN 2 16 ju9k figs-explicit 0 Daniel went in Daniel probably went to the palace. Alternate translation: “Daniel went to the palace” or “Daniel went to talk with the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 2 16 jl4r 0 requested an appointment with the king “asked for a set time to meet with the king”
DAN 2 16 jl4r 0 requested an appointment with the king Alternate translation: “asked for a set time to meet with the king”
DAN 2 17 bbc8 0 his house This is referring to Daniel’s house.
DAN 2 17 ijt3 0 what had happened “about the king’s decree”
DAN 2 18 uh7c 0 He urged them to seek mercy “He begged them to pray for mercy”
DAN 2 17 ijt3 0 what had happened Alternate translation: “about the king’s decree”
DAN 2 18 uh7c 0 He urged them to seek mercy Alternate translation: “He begged them to pray for mercy”
DAN 2 18 yhz1 figs-activepassive 0 so that he and they might not be killed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that the king would not kill them” or “so that the king’s bodyguard would not kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 19 nq22 figs-activepassive 0 That night the mystery was revealed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “That night God revealed the mystery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 19 s94i 0 the mystery This is referring to the king’s dream and its meaning.
DAN 2 20 e8z9 figs-metonymy 0 Praise the name of God Here “name” refers to God himself. Alternate translation: “Praise God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 2 21 p54i 0 General Information: These verses are also part of Daniel’s prayer.
DAN 2 21 xy7w 0 he removes kings “he takes away kings’ authority to rule”
DAN 2 21 xy7w 0 he removes kings Alternate translation: “he takes away kings’ authority to rule”
DAN 2 21 k348 figs-metonymy 0 places kings on their thrones Here being on the “throne” refers to ruling over a kingdom. Alternate translation: “makes new kings rule over their kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 2 22 v5bq 0 the light lives with him “the light comes from where God is”
DAN 2 22 v5bq 0 the light lives with him Alternate translation: “the light comes from where God is”
DAN 2 23 e5yc figs-123person 0 General Information: This verse is also part of Daniel’s prayer. He stops addressing God in the third person and switches to the more personal second person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 2 23 b3ga 0 made known to me what we asked of you “told me what my friends and I asked you to tell us”
DAN 2 23 x268 0 made known to us the matter that concerns the king “told us what the king wants to know”
DAN 2 23 b3ga 0 made known to me what we asked of you Alternate translation: “told me what my friends and I asked you to tell us”
DAN 2 23 x268 0 made known to us the matter that concerns the king Alternate translation: “told us what the king wants to know”
DAN 2 24 le8h translate-names 0 Arioch This is the name of the king’s commander. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 2:14](../02/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DAN 2 24 fs73 0 everyone who was wise “the wise men”
DAN 2 24 fs73 0 everyone who was wise Alternate translation: “the wise men”
DAN 2 26 z3qq translate-names 0 Belteshazzar This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DAN 2 27 b59r figs-activepassive 0 The mystery that the king has asked about … not by astrologers This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Those who have wisdom, those who claim to speak with the dead, magicians, and astrologers cannot reveal the mystery about which the king has asked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 27 r8dh 0 The mystery that the king has asked about This phrase refers to the king’s dream.
@ -99,16 +99,16 @@ DAN 2 30 v6bt figs-activepassive 0 this mystery was not revealed to me This can
DAN 2 30 qk3n figs-activepassive 0 This mystery was revealed to me so that you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He revealed the mystery to me so that you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 30 ca22 figs-synecdoche 0 know the thoughts deep within you This phrase is using the word “you” referring to the person’s mind. Alternate translation: “know the thoughts deep inside your mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DAN 2 31 c17n 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king.
DAN 2 32 qp26 0 was made of fine gold “was of fine gold” or “was fine gold”
DAN 2 33 n7d7 0 were made partly of iron and partly of clay “were partly of iron and partly of clay” or “were partly iron and partly clay”
DAN 2 32 qp26 0 was made of fine gold Alternate translation: “was of fine gold” or “was fine gold”
DAN 2 33 n7d7 0 were made partly of iron and partly of clay Alternate translation: “were partly of iron and partly of clay” or “were partly iron and partly clay”
DAN 2 34 upd5 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king.
DAN 2 34 e77j figs-activepassive 0 a stone was cut out, although not by human hands, and it This can be stated in active form if it is divided into two sentences. Alternate translation: “someone cut a stone from a mountain, but it was not a human who cut it. The stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 35 si32 figs-simile 0 like the chaff of the threshing floors in the summer This phrase is comparing the pieces of the statue to small and light things which could be blown away by the wind. Alternate translation: “like dry pieces of grass blowing away in the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 2 35 fe57 figs-litotes 0 there was no trace of them left This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “they were completely gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
DAN 2 35 nfy2 0 filled the whole earth “spread over the whole earth”
DAN 2 35 nfy2 0 filled the whole earth Alternate translation: “spread over the whole earth”
DAN 2 36 b8tq 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king.
DAN 2 36 utl6 figs-pronouns 0 Now we will tell the king Here “we” refers only to Daniel. He may have used to plural form in humility to avoid taking credit for knowing the meaning of the dream that God had revealed to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
DAN 2 37 e2xg 0 king of the kings “the most important king” or “a king who rules over other kings”
DAN 2 37 e2xg 0 king of the kings Alternate translation: “the most important king” or “a king who rules over other kings”
DAN 2 37 gfj7 figs-doublet 0 the power, the strength These words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 2 38 lz1m figs-metonymy 0 He has given into your hand the place Here “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “He has given you control over the place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 2 38 ed9h figs-metonymy 0 the place where the human beings live The place is used to represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the people of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -123,11 +123,11 @@ DAN 2 40 v1d8 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king.
DAN 2 40 q2dl translate-ordinal 0 There will be a fourth kingdom “There will be a kingdom number four” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DAN 2 40 d7bf figs-simile 0 strong as iron The fourth kingdom is spoken of as being as strong as iron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 2 40 rjj2 writing-symlanguage 0 It will shatter all these things and crush them This symbolic language means the fourth kingdom will defeat and replace the other kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 2 40 qn2j 0 all these things “the previous kingdoms”
DAN 2 40 qn2j 0 all these things Alternate translation: “the previous kingdoms”
DAN 2 41 y27x 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king.
DAN 2 41 lp4z 0 Just as you saw Nebuchadnezzar saw that the feet consisted of clay and iron. He did not see the process of making the feet.
DAN 2 41 bc2q figs-activepassive 0 were partly made of baked clay and partly made of iron This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “were a mixture of baked clay and iron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 43 c3hf 0 they will not stay together “they will not remain united”
DAN 2 43 c3hf 0 they will not stay together Alternate translation: “they will not remain united”
DAN 2 44 zd8x 0 General Information: Daniel continues talking to the king.
DAN 2 44 fan9 0 In the days of those kings Here “those kings” refers to the rulers of the kingdoms symbolized by the different parts of the statue.
DAN 2 44 d96c figs-activepassive 0 that will never be destroyed, nor will it be conquered by another people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one will ever destroy, and that another people never conquer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -135,11 +135,11 @@ DAN 2 45 u69a figs-activepassive 0 a stone was cut out of the mountain, but not
DAN 2 45 xc85 0 reliable trustworthy and correct
DAN 2 46 hb4s translate-symaction 0 fell on his face This symbolic act showed that the king was honoring Daniel. Alternate translation: “lay down with his face on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
DAN 2 46 xf46 figs-activepassive 0 an offering be made and that incense be offered up to him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his servants make an offering and offer up incense to Daniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 2 47 jz9s 0 Truly your God “It is true that your God”
DAN 2 47 q3ru 0 the God of gods, the Lord of kings “greater than all the other gods, and King over all other kings”
DAN 2 47 jz9s 0 Truly your God Alternate translation: “It is true that your God”
DAN 2 47 q3ru 0 the God of gods, the Lord of kings Alternate translation: “greater than all the other gods, and King over all other kings”
DAN 2 47 ifr1 0 the one who reveals mysteries Translate “the one who reveals mysteries” as in [Daniel 2:29](../02/29.md).
DAN 2 47 h6md 0 to reveal this mystery “to reveal the mystery of my dream”
DAN 2 48 lz5p 0 He made him ruler “The king made Daniel the ruler”
DAN 2 47 h6md 0 to reveal this mystery Alternate translation: “to reveal the mystery of my dream”
DAN 2 48 lz5p 0 He made him ruler Alternate translation: “The king made Daniel the ruler”
DAN 2 49 pp5r 0 Shadrach … Meshach … Abednego These were the Babylonian names of the three Jewish men who were brought to Babylon with Daniel. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md)
DAN 3 intro fc6f 0 # Daniel 3 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The king’s new idol<br><br>Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego refused to worship the new idol. In the ancient Near East, refusing to worship the king was a sign of rebellion against the king. It was often considered the crime of treason. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]])<br><br>### The furnace<br><br>There was a fourth person with them in the furnace, and because of this they were not hurt. Most scholars believe this to be Jesus before he was born.
DAN 3 1 vj2c figs-metonymy 0 Nebuchadnezzar made a gold statue … He set it up Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to make a gold statue … They set it up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ DAN 3 11 qdc6 0 fall down Here “fall down” means “quickly lie down”
DAN 3 11 p2l2 0 blazing furnace This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
DAN 3 12 in2b 0 affairs matters having to do with government
DAN 3 12 anm2 0 Shadrach … Meshach … Abednego These are the Babylonian names of the three Jewish friends of Daniel. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md).
DAN 3 12 ejy1 0 pay no attention to you “do not pay attention to you”
DAN 3 12 ejy1 0 pay no attention to you Alternate translation: “do not pay attention to you”
DAN 3 12 e3hs translate-symaction 0 prostrate themselves They would do this to worship the statue. Alternate translation: “stretch themselves out on the ground face down in worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
DAN 3 12 a7m8 figs-metonymy 0 the golden statue you have set up Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the golden statue your men have set up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 3 13 z18y figs-metaphor 0 filled with anger and rage Nebuchadnezzar’s anger and rage were so intense that they are spoken of as if they had filled him up. Here “anger” and “rage” mean about the same thing and are used to emphasize how upset the king was. Alternate translation: “extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ DAN 3 14 t6f3 figs-metonymy 0 the golden statue that I have set up Nebuchadnezz
DAN 3 15 kak3 0 the horns, flutes … and pipes These are musical instruments. See how you translated this list in [Daniel 3:5](../03/05.md).
DAN 3 15 l9el 0 fall down Here “fall down” means “quickly lie down”
DAN 3 15 ws27 translate-symaction 0 prostrate yourselves to stretch yourselves out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
DAN 3 15 vth1 0 all will be well “there will no longer be a problem” or “you will be free to go”
DAN 3 15 vth1 0 all will be well Alternate translation: “there will no longer be a problem” or “you will be free to go”
DAN 3 15 td6r figs-metonymy 0 the statue that I have made Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the statue that my men have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 3 15 gz3y figs-activepassive 0 you will immediately be thrown into a blazing furnace This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “my soldiers will immediately throw you into a blazing furnace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 15 sl8a 0 blazing furnace This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ DAN 3 15 z8gt figs-rquestion 0 Who is the god … my hands? The king does not e
DAN 3 15 hw83 figs-metonymy 0 out of my hands Here “hands” refers to power to punish. Alternate translation: “from my punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 3 17 d2kc 0 blazing furnace This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
DAN 3 17 sj5q figs-metonymy 0 out of your hand Here “hand” refers to power to punish. Alternate translation: “from your punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 3 18 mc1d 0 But if not, let it be known to you, king, that “But king, we must let you know that even if our God does not rescue us”
DAN 3 18 mc1d 0 But if not, let it be known to you, king, that Alternate translation: “But king, we must let you know that even if our God does not rescue us”
DAN 3 18 p84a translate-symaction 0 prostrate ourselves to People would do this to worship their gods. Alternate translation: “stretch ourselves out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
DAN 3 18 iq7t figs-metonymy 0 the golden statue you set up Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the golden statue your men set up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 3 19 bt7k figs-metaphor 0 Nebuchadnezzar was filled with rage The king was so angry that rage is spoken of as if it were filling him up. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar became extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -201,21 +201,21 @@ DAN 3 19 e99g figs-idiom 0 He commanded that the furnace should be heated seven
DAN 3 21 r7tt 0 turbans A turban is a head covering made of wrapped cloth.
DAN 3 21 xya5 0 blazing furnace This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
DAN 3 22 v2v9 figs-activepassive 0 Because the king’s command was strictly followed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Because the men did exactly what the king commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 24 kzd8 0 Did we not throw three men tied up into the fire “We threw three men tied up into the fire, right”
DAN 3 24 kzd8 0 Did we not throw three men tied up into the fire Alternate translation: “We threw three men tied up into the fire, right”
DAN 3 25 gy5s translate-ordinal 0 The brilliance of the fourth is like a son of the gods The gods were believed to shine brightly with light. Alternate translation: “Man four is shining brightly with light as a son of the gods would shine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 3 27 ru5i 0 The provincial governors, regional governors, other governors These are officials who have authority over different sizes of territory. See how you translated these in [Daniel 3:2](../03/02.md).
DAN 3 27 g7e8 figs-activepassive 0 the hair on their heads was not singed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the fire had not singed the hair on their heads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 27 jr79 0 was not singed “was not burned even a little”
DAN 3 27 jr79 0 was not singed Alternate translation: “was not burned even a little”
DAN 3 27 nuu7 figs-activepassive 0 their robes were not harmed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the fire did not harm their robes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 27 hv4b 0 there was no smell of fire on them “they did not smell like fire”
DAN 3 27 hv4b 0 there was no smell of fire on them Alternate translation: “they did not smell like fire”
DAN 3 28 x5ha figs-metaphor 0 they set aside my command Not obeying the king’s command is spoken of as if they had physically moved it away from them. Alternate translation: “they ignored my command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 3 28 uld8 figs-idiom 0 they gave up their bodies This phrase refers to the three men’s willingness to die for what they believed. Alternate translation: “they were willing to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 3 28 iz7q translate-symaction 0 prostrate themselves to People would do this to worship their gods. Alternate translation: “stretch themselves out on the ground face down in honor of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
DAN 3 28 s95d 0 any god except their God “any other god except their God”
DAN 3 28 s95d 0 any god except their God Alternate translation: “any other god except their God”
DAN 3 29 pnl6 figs-activepassive 0 any people, nation, or language … must be torn apart, and that their houses must be made into rubbish heaps This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “my servants will tear apart any people, nation, or language … and make their houses into piles of garbage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 3 29 h7gq figs-metonymy 0 any people, nation, or language that speaks Here “nations” and “language” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “any people from any nation, or those who speak any language that says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 3 29 qb3c 0 speaks anything against the God “speaks words that do not respect the God”
DAN 3 29 t5vb 0 must be torn apart “must have their bodies torn apart”
DAN 3 29 qb3c 0 speaks anything against the God Alternate translation: “speaks words that do not respect the God”
DAN 3 29 t5vb 0 must be torn apart Alternate translation: “must have their bodies torn apart”
DAN 3 29 lw5h 0 there is no other god who is able to save like this This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “only their God is able to save like this”
DAN 4 intro du52 0 # Daniel 4 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 4:3 and 4:34-35.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The king becomes insane<br><br>The king became insane until he realized that Yahweh was the ruler over everyone, including him.
DAN 4 1 s72g figs-123person 0 General Information: In this chapter, Nebuchadnezzar tells what God did to him. In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. Verses 19-33 switch to the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. Verses 34-37 change back to first person as Nebuchadnezzar describes his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -231,21 +231,21 @@ DAN 4 4 p8nt figs-parallelism 0 was living happily … was enjoying prosperity
DAN 4 4 zv52 figs-doublet 0 my house … my palace These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 4 5 fmk5 figs-doublet 0 a dream … the images … the visions These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 4 5 u6n6 figs-parallelism 0 made me afraid … troubled me These phrases are parallel and they mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DAN 4 6 ep7g 0 all the men of Babylon who had wisdom “all the wise men of Babylon”
DAN 4 6 ep7g 0 all the men of Babylon who had wisdom Alternate translation: “all the wise men of Babylon”
DAN 4 7 l5u7 figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 8 aej3 figs-activepassive 0 who is named Belteshazzar This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who I named Belteshazzar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 8 dhx3 0 Belteshazzar This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md).
DAN 4 9 x1x7 0 no mystery is too difficult for you The can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you understand the meaning of every mystery”
DAN 4 10 vz2b figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 10 ra4y 0 sights things that you see
DAN 4 10 h4t8 0 its height was very great “it was very tall”
DAN 4 10 h4t8 0 its height was very great Alternate translation: “it was very tall”
DAN 4 11 w5t1 writing-symlanguage 0 Its top reached to the heavens … it could be seen to the ends of the whole earth This is symbolic language that exaggerates how tall and how well-known the tree was. Alternate translation: “It seemed that its top reached up to the sky and that everyone in the world could see it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
DAN 4 12 c94i 0 its fruit was abundant “there was a lot of fruit on the tree”
DAN 4 12 bvq7 0 was food for all “was food for all people and animals”
DAN 4 12 c94i 0 its fruit was abundant Alternate translation: “there was a lot of fruit on the tree”
DAN 4 12 bvq7 0 was food for all Alternate translation: “was food for all people and animals”
DAN 4 13 s8rq figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 13 mze4 0 I saw in my mind This refers to seeing a dream or vision. Alternate translation: “I saw in my dream”
DAN 4 14 l1nv figs-explicit 0 He shouted and said It can be made clear that the holy messenger was speaking to more than one person. Alternate translation: “He shouted to some people and said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 4 14 rd55 0 Let the animals flee … from its branches “The animals will flee from under it and the bird will fly away from its branches”
DAN 4 14 rd55 0 Let the animals flee … from its branches Alternate translation: “The animals will flee from under it and the bird will fly away from its branches”
DAN 4 15 h8je figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. The holy messenger in the vision continues shouting to some people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 15 eb7u 0 stump of its roots This is the part of the tree that is left above the ground after a tree is cut down.
DAN 4 15 e8lj 0 dew the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings
@ -253,10 +253,10 @@ DAN 4 16 f3wx figs-pronouns 0 Let his mind be changed … seven years pass by S
DAN 4 17 k6kq figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 17 j1fe figs-activepassive 0 It is a decision made by the holy ones This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The holy ones have made this decision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 17 m2np figs-explicit 0 the holy ones This phrase probably refers to angels. Alternate translation: “the holy angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 4 17 y8ih 0 those who are alive “every living person” or “everyone”
DAN 4 17 aas5 0 gives them “gives the kingdoms”
DAN 4 17 y8ih 0 those who are alive Alternate translation: “every living person” or “everyone”
DAN 4 17 aas5 0 gives them Alternate translation: “gives the kingdoms”
DAN 4 18 kjd4 0 Belteshazzar This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md).
DAN 4 18 jr6i 0 you are able to do so “you are able to interpret it”
DAN 4 18 jr6i 0 you are able to do so Alternate translation: “you are able to interpret it”
DAN 4 18 pl5q 0 the spirit of the holy gods Nebuchadnezzar believed that Daniel’s power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. These are not the same as “the holy ones” in verse 17. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md).
DAN 4 19 n8fk figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 19 u9rc figs-activepassive 0 who was also named Belteshazzar This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who I also named Belteshazzar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -265,15 +265,15 @@ DAN 4 19 kf99 0 may the dream be for those who hate you; may its interpretatio
DAN 4 20 vj36 figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]). Many terms in this verse are almost the same as in [Daniel 4:11](../04/11.md). See how you translated that verse.
DAN 4 20 x69s figs-hyperbole 0 to the heavens … to the ends of the whole earth These phrases are exaggerations to emphasize that everyone everywhere knew how great Nebuchadnezzar was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
DAN 4 21 mm9p 0 General Information: Many terms in this verse are almost the same as [Daniel 4:12](../04/12.md). See how you translated that verse.
DAN 4 21 rfj9 0 whose fruit was abundant “which bore a great amount of fruit”
DAN 4 22 uq3h 0 this tree is you, king “this tree represents you, king”
DAN 4 21 rfj9 0 whose fruit was abundant Alternate translation: “which bore a great amount of fruit”
DAN 4 22 uq3h 0 this tree is you, king Alternate translation: “this tree represents you, king”
DAN 4 22 gfs2 figs-parallelism 0 Your greatness has grown … your authority reaches These two phrases mean similar things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DAN 4 22 s8jt figs-personification 0 Your greatness has grown This phrase is using the word “grown” as a way of saying the king’s greatness has increased. Alternate translation: “Your greatness has increased” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DAN 4 23 w9s5 figs-123person 0 General Information: This verse is almost the same as [Daniel 4:13-14](./13.md) and [Daniel 4:15-16](./15.md). See how you translated those verses. Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 23 c89t 0 the stump of its roots This is the part of the tree that is left above ground after a tree is cut down.
DAN 4 23 i27p 0 in the middle of the tender grass of the field “surrounded by the tender grass of the field”
DAN 4 23 i27p 0 in the middle of the tender grass of the field Alternate translation: “surrounded by the tender grass of the field”
DAN 4 23 bx4z 0 dew the moisture that settles on the ground in the mornings
DAN 4 24 f3tz 0 that has reached you “that you have heard”
DAN 4 24 f3tz 0 that has reached you Alternate translation: “that you have heard”
DAN 4 25 fd8s figs-activepassive 0 You will be driven from among men This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Men will drive you away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 25 gq52 figs-activepassive 0 You will be made to eat grass This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will eat grass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 26 fgn1 figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -286,17 +286,17 @@ DAN 4 28 rq19 figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third
DAN 4 29 jn5h figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 30 p8hi figs-rquestion 0 Is this not the great Babylon … for the glory of my majesty? Nebuchadnezzar asks this question to emphasize his own glory. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is the great Babylon … for the glory of my majesty!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DAN 4 30 csl9 0 for the glory of my majesty “to show people my honor and my greatness”
DAN 4 30 csl9 0 for the glory of my majesty Alternate translation: “to show people my honor and my greatness”
DAN 4 31 g7xg figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 31 fjl7 figs-idiom 0 While the words were still on the lips of the king This idiom means the king was still in the act of speaking. Alternate translation: “While the king was still speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 4 31 cv67 0 a voice came from heaven “he heard a voice from heaven”
DAN 4 31 cv67 0 a voice came from heaven Alternate translation: “he heard a voice from heaven”
DAN 4 31 pt4u figs-activepassive 0 King Nebuchadnezzar … has been taken away from you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “King Nebuchadnezzar, a decree went out against you that this kingdom no longer belongs to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 32 f4us figs-activepassive 0 You will be driven away from people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will chase you away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 32 m551 0 anyone he wishes “whoever he chooses”
DAN 4 32 m551 0 anyone he wishes Alternate translation: “whoever he chooses”
DAN 4 33 ydj8 figs-123person 0 General Information: Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 33 xpp3 figs-activepassive 0 This decree against Nebuchadnezzar was carried out immediately This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “This decree against Nebuchadnezzar happened immediately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 33 chd6 figs-activepassive 0 He was driven away from people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People chased him away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 33 t4b6 0 his nails became like birds’ claws “his fingernails looked like birds’ claws”
DAN 4 33 t4b6 0 his nails became like birds’ claws Alternate translation: “his fingernails looked like birds’ claws”
DAN 4 34 amm1 figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 34 b17l 0 At the end of the days This refers back to the seven years in [Daniel 4:32](../04/32.md).
DAN 4 34 ltf5 figs-activepassive 0 my sanity was given back to me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “my sanity came back to me” or “I became sane again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -304,32 +304,32 @@ DAN 4 34 ucj3 figs-parallelism 0 I praised … and I honored The two phrases re
DAN 4 34 nk8u figs-parallelism 0 For his reign is an everlasting reign … his kingdom endures from all generations to all generations These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasize how God’s reign never ends. Alternate translation: “He rules forever and his kingdom will never end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DAN 4 35 ce6u figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 35 dgr8 figs-activepassive 0 All the earth’s inhabitants are considered by him to be as nothing This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He considers all the earth’s inhabitants as nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 35 cpy8 0 All the earth’s inhabitants “All the people on the earth”
DAN 4 35 p415 0 the army of heaven “the angel armies in heaven”
DAN 4 35 zpn8 0 whatever suits his will “whatever satisfies his purpose” or “anything he wants to do”
DAN 4 35 cpy8 0 All the earth’s inhabitants Alternate translation: “All the people on the earth”
DAN 4 35 p415 0 the army of heaven Alternate translation: “the angel armies in heaven”
DAN 4 35 zpn8 0 whatever suits his will Alternate translation: “whatever satisfies his purpose” or “anything he wants to do”
DAN 4 35 im6k figs-explicit 0 No one can stop him It may be helpful to add additional detail. Alternate translation: “When he decides to do something, no one can stop him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 4 35 ebf8 figs-quotations 0 No one can say to him, ‘Why have you done this?’ This can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “No one can question what he does.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
DAN 4 36 m6m5 figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 4 36 rz1d figs-personification 0 my sanity returned to me Here his sanity is spoken of as if it was able to return by its own power. Alternate translation: “I became sane again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DAN 4 36 pb8a figs-personification 0 my majesty and splendor returned to me Here his majesty and splendor are spoken of as if they were able to return by their own power. Alternate translation: “I regained my majesty and my splendor again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DAN 4 36 nq38 figs-doublet 0 majesty and splendor These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of his glory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 4 36 c3xy 0 my noblemen sought my favor “my noblemen requested my help again”
DAN 4 36 c3xy 0 my noblemen sought my favor Alternate translation: “my noblemen requested my help again”
DAN 4 36 ks6b figs-metonymy 0 I was brought … greatness was given to me Here “throne” refers to his authority to rule. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I returned to rule my kingdom again, and I received even more greatness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 4 37 zgl2 figs-doublet 0 praise, extol, and honor All three of these words have basically the same meaning and emphasize how greatly he praised God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 4 37 g1df figs-idiom 0 who walk in their own pride This phrase uses “walk” to refer to the person who acts proud. Alternate translation: “who are proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 5 intro e9pc 0 # Daniel 5 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The writing on the wall<br><br>God told the new king that he had failed and God was replacing him, showing that God is the real ruler over everything, even kingdoms that do not worship him.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>### Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin<br>These are words in Aramaic. Daniel “transliterates” these words by writing them with Hebrew letters, and then he explains their meanings. In the ULT and UST they are written with English letters. Translators are encouraged to write them using the letters of the target language alphabet.
DAN 5 1 cc4z translate-names 0 Belshazzar This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DAN 5 1 ix8k translate-numbers 0 for a thousand “for 1,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DAN 5 1 tre4 0 he drank wine in front of “he drank wine in the presence of”
DAN 5 1 tre4 0 he drank wine in front of Alternate translation: “he drank wine in the presence of”
DAN 5 2 cz6e figs-activepassive 0 the containers made of gold or silver This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the gold or silver containers that the Israelites had made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 2 gsi3 0 containers These were cups and other items that were small enough for a person to hold and to drink from them.
DAN 5 2 lad2 figs-metonymy 0 Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken Here “Nebuchadnezzar” refers to Nebuchadnezzar’s army. Alternate translation: “his father Nebuchadnezzar’s army” or “the army of Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 5 3 i1zm figs-activepassive 0 the gold containers that had been taken out of the temple This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the gold containers that the army of Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 3 msp6 0 out of the temple, the house of God “out of God’s temple.” The phrase “the house of God” tells us something more about the temple.
DAN 5 5 lkd1 0 At that moment “As soon as they did that” or “Suddenly”
DAN 5 5 lkd1 0 At that moment Alternate translation: “As soon as they did that” or “Suddenly”
DAN 5 5 cra1 0 plaster cement or mud that is spread on walls or ceilings to give them a smooth hard surface when it dries
DAN 5 6 jn25 0 the king’s face changed “his face became pale.” This was caused by his fear.
DAN 5 6 gbd6 0 his limbs “his legs”
DAN 5 6 gbd6 0 his limbs Alternate translation: “his legs”
DAN 5 6 iee9 0 his knees were knocking together This was the result of his extreme fear.
DAN 5 7 gz5c 0 those known for their wisdom in Babylon This refers back to those who claimed to speak with the dead, the wise men, and the astrologers.
DAN 5 7 ybp9 figs-activepassive 0 Whoever explains this writing and its meaning will be clothed with purple and will have a gold chain around his neck This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will give purple clothes and a gold neck chain to whoever explains this writing and its meaning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -340,11 +340,11 @@ DAN 5 9 gla9 0 the look on his face changed “his face became even more pale.
DAN 5 9 w9st 0 perplexed unable to understand, confused
DAN 5 10 rw3v 0 the queen Some modern versions understand this to be a reference to the queen mother, that is, to the king’s mother. The queen mother received much honor in ancient Babylon.
DAN 5 10 x55i 0 King, live forever! This was a normal way to greet the king.
DAN 5 10 zq7c 0 Do not let the look on your face change “There is no need for your face to look so pale”
DAN 5 10 zq7c 0 Do not let the look on your face change Alternate translation: “There is no need for your face to look so pale”
DAN 5 11 bql4 0 the spirit of the holy gods The queen believed that Daniel’s power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md).
DAN 5 11 c4n6 0 In the days of your father “When your father was ruling”
DAN 5 11 c4n6 0 In the days of your father Alternate translation: “When your father was ruling”
DAN 5 11 ss1z figs-activepassive 0 light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods was found in him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he had light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 11 jg2l 0 King Nebuchadnezzar, your father the king “Your father, King Nebuchadnezzar”
DAN 5 11 jg2l 0 King Nebuchadnezzar, your father the king Alternate translation: “Your father, King Nebuchadnezzar”
DAN 5 12 n7wa figs-activepassive 0 these qualities were found in this man Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “this same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar, had all of these qualities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 12 b8d3 figs-activepassive 0 what has been written “what has been written on the wall.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what the hand wrote on the wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 13 hn7g figs-activepassive 0 Then Daniel was brought before the king This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then they brought Daniel before the king” or “Then the soldiers brought Daniel before the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -352,18 +352,18 @@ DAN 5 13 sd23 figs-metonymy 0 whom my father the king brought out of Judah In t
DAN 5 14 yxu5 0 the spirit of the gods Belshazzar believed that Daniel’s power came from the false gods that Belshazzar worshiped. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md).
DAN 5 14 y4ey figs-activepassive 0 light and understanding and excellent wisdom are found in you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have light and understanding and excellent wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 15 c33v figs-activepassive 0 Now the men known … have been brought in before me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Now the men known … have come in before me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 15 u817 0 make known to me “tell me”
DAN 5 15 u817 0 make known to me Alternate translation: “tell me”
DAN 5 16 u2ey figs-activepassive 0 you will be clothed with purple and have a gold chain placed around your neck This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will give you purple clothes and a gold neck chain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 16 iyy2 figs-explicit 0 clothed with purple Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. Alternate translation: “dressed in royal clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 5 16 pud4 translate-ordinal 0 the third highest ruler “the number three ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DAN 5 17 evt4 0 Let your gifts be for yourself, and “I do not want your gifts, so”
DAN 5 17 evt4 0 Let your gifts be for yourself, and Alternate translation: “I do not want your gifts, so”
DAN 5 19 l2ng figs-hyperbole 0 all peoples, nations, and languages This phrase uses the word “all” as a generalization that represents a large number. Alternate translation: “a great number of people, of different nations and languages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
DAN 5 19 q693 figs-metonymy 0 peoples, nations, and languages Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who speak different languages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 5 19 bqb5 figs-doublet 0 trembled and feared him These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of the fear. Alternate translation: “were very afraid of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 5 19 ka6v figs-metonymy 0 He put to death those he wanted to die This phrase does not mean King Nebuchadnezzar put people to death himself, but rather those he commanded. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar commanded his soldiers to kill those he wanted to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 5 19 t7ri 0 He raised up those he wanted “He raised up those he wanted to raise up”
DAN 5 19 t7ri 0 He raised up those he wanted Alternate translation: “He raised up those he wanted to raise up”
DAN 5 19 qzi2 0 wanted … wished These words here mean the same thing.
DAN 5 19 db8z 0 he humbled those he wished “he humbled those he wished to humble”
DAN 5 19 db8z 0 he humbled those he wished Alternate translation: “he humbled those he wished to humble”
DAN 5 20 zu9p figs-synecdoche 0 his heart was arrogant Here “heart” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “the king was arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DAN 5 20 g3wq figs-synecdoche 0 his spirit was hardened Here “spirit” refers to the king himself. His stubbornness is spoken of as if he were hardened. Alternate translation: “the king became stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 5 20 w2tx 0 presumptuously rudely and overly confident
@ -371,100 +371,100 @@ DAN 5 20 nl2n figs-metonymy 0 he was brought down from his kingly throne Here
DAN 5 21 sl3g figs-activepassive 0 He was driven away from humanity This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people chased him away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 21 v3b5 figs-metonymy 0 he had the mind of an animal Here “mind” represents his thoughts. Alternate translation: “he thought as an animal thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 5 21 amq8 0 dew the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings
DAN 5 21 m4na 0 anyone he wishes “whomever he chooses”
DAN 5 21 m4na 0 anyone he wishes Alternate translation: “whomever he chooses”
DAN 5 22 z72q translate-names 0 Belshazzar This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DAN 5 22 ij2g figs-synecdoche 0 have not humbled your heart Here “heart” refers to Belshazzar himself. Alternate translation: “have not humbled yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DAN 5 23 fmz3 figs-metaphor 0 You have lifted yourself up against the Lord To rebel against God is spoken of as raising oneself up against him. Alternate translation: “You have rebelled against the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 5 23 qc6h figs-explicit 0 From his house What and where “his house” is can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “From his temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 5 23 kj78 figs-metonymy 0 God who holds your breath in his hand Here “breath” refers to life and “hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “God who gives you breath” or “God who has control over your entire life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 5 23 th44 0 all your ways “everything you do”
DAN 5 23 th44 0 all your ways Alternate translation: “everything you do”
DAN 5 24 i8fs figs-activepassive 0 this writing was done This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it wrote this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 25 rcy6 figs-activepassive 0 This is the writing that was done This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “This is the message that the hand wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 25 ea1k translate-transliterate 0 Mene, Mene, Tekel, and Pharsin These are the Aramaic words that were written on the wall. Spell these words with the sounds that fit your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
DAN 5 26 tg8v 0 ‘Mene,’‘God has numbered “‘Mene’ means ‘God has numbered”
DAN 5 27 q5iv 0 ‘Tekel,’‘you are weighed “‘Tekel’ means ‘you are weighed”
DAN 5 26 tg8v 0 ‘Mene,’‘God has numbered Alternate translation: “‘Mene’ means ‘God has numbered”
DAN 5 27 q5iv 0 ‘Tekel,’‘you are weighed Alternate translation: “‘Tekel’ means ‘you are weighed”
DAN 5 27 sg5z figs-metaphor 0 you are weighed in the scales and are found lacking Judging the worthiness of the king to rule is spoken of as weighing him. This means that the king is not worthy to rule. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has examined your worthiness to rule, and he has found that you are not worthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 28 b18p 0 ‘Peres,’‘your kingdom “‘Peres’ means ‘your kingdom.”
DAN 5 28 b18p 0 ‘Peres,’‘your kingdom Alternate translation: “‘Peres’ means ‘your kingdom.”
DAN 5 28 jb22 0 Peres This is the singular form of “Pharsin” in 5:25.
DAN 5 28 j1p8 figs-activepassive 0 your kingdom is divided and is given to the Medes and Persians This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has divided your kingdom and given it to the Medes and Persians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 29 j9jg translate-names 0 Belshazzar This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DAN 5 29 uvj8 figs-activepassive 0 A chain of gold was put around his neck This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They put a chain of gold around his neck” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 5 29 nfx6 translate-ordinal 0 the third highest ruler “the number three ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DAN 5 31 c2bj 0 received the kingdom “became the ruler of the kingdom”
DAN 5 31 c2bj 0 received the kingdom Alternate translation: “became the ruler of the kingdom”
DAN 5 31 y1si translate-numbers 0 when he was about sixty-two years old “when he was about 62 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DAN 6 intro a1xc 0 # Daniel 6 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set the content of letters farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the letter in 6:25-27.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in the letter in 6:26-27.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Daniel and the lions<br><br>Daniel was thrown into the lions’ den for praying to Yahweh, but Yahweh protected him and the lions did not hurt him at all.
DAN 6 1 xf5z 0 Connecting Statement: The events in this chapter take place after the Persians conquered the Babylonians and Darius the Mede began to rule in Babylon.
DAN 6 1 y6y9 0 It pleased Darius “King Darius decided”
DAN 6 1 y6y9 0 It pleased Darius Alternate translation: “King Darius decided”
DAN 6 1 a1zk translate-numbers 0 120 provincial governors “one hundred and twenty provincial governors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DAN 6 2 dd8r 0 Over them The word “them” refers to the 120 provincial governors.
DAN 6 2 u9kb 0 so that the king should suffer no loss “so that nothing should be stolen from the king” or “so that no one would steal anything from the king”
DAN 6 3 ygu7 0 was distinguished above “excelled above” or “was more capable than”
DAN 6 2 u9kb 0 so that the king should suffer no loss Alternate translation: “so that nothing should be stolen from the king” or “so that no one would steal anything from the king”
DAN 6 3 ygu7 0 was distinguished above Alternate translation: “excelled above” or “was more capable than”
DAN 6 3 aig7 figs-synecdoche 0 he had an extraordinary spirit Here “spirit” refers to Daniel. It means he had was unusually capable. Alternate translation: “he was and exceptional person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DAN 6 3 ef6f 0 extraordinary spirit spirit that made him do better than the others
DAN 6 3 ry6m 0 to put him over “to give him authority over” or “to put him in charge of”
DAN 6 3 ry6m 0 to put him over Alternate translation: “to give him authority over” or “to put him in charge of”
DAN 6 4 ex6l figs-explicit 0 Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors … for the kingdom The other administrators were jealous of Daniel. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors became jealous. So they looked for mistakes in the work Daniel did for the kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 6 4 rl5p figs-activepassive 0 No mistakes or negligence was found in him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They could find no mistakes or negligence in his work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 6 4 zn7x 0 negligence overly looking your responsibilities
DAN 6 5 ek64 0 to complain against this Daniel “to complain about Daniel”
DAN 6 6 yf8j 0 brought a plan before the king “presented a plan to the king”
DAN 6 5 ek64 0 to complain against this Daniel Alternate translation: “to complain about Daniel”
DAN 6 6 yf8j 0 brought a plan before the king Alternate translation: “presented a plan to the king”
DAN 6 6 ll7v 0 may you live forever! This was a normal way to greet a king.
DAN 6 7 x89h translate-numbers 0 for thirty days “for 30 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DAN 6 7 bw29 0 whoever makes a petition “whoever makes a request”
DAN 6 7 bw29 0 whoever makes a petition Alternate translation: “whoever makes a request”
DAN 6 7 l2iq figs-activepassive 0 that person must be thrown into the den of lions This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your soldiers must throw that person into the den of lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 6 7 h7ip 0 den of lions This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept.
DAN 6 8 nj57 0 Connecting Statement: In verse 8, the administrators continue to speak to the king.
DAN 6 8 v5i8 0 as directed by the laws “according to the laws”
DAN 6 8 i7m4 0 cannot be repealed “cannot be canceled”
DAN 6 9 dt8k 0 making the decree into a law “making the order into a law”
DAN 6 8 v5i8 0 as directed by the laws Alternate translation: “according to the laws”
DAN 6 8 i7m4 0 cannot be repealed Alternate translation: “cannot be canceled”
DAN 6 9 dt8k 0 making the decree into a law Alternate translation: “making the order into a law”
DAN 6 10 i5vv 0 When Daniel learned that the document had been signed into law It is important to the story to state clearly that Daniel knew about the new law before he prayed to God.
DAN 6 10 r7ul writing-background 0 now his windows were open in his upper room toward Jerusalem This is background information that explains how Daniel’s enemies knew he was praying to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
DAN 6 10 l71q 0 gave thanks before his God “gave thanks to his God”
DAN 6 10 l71q 0 gave thanks before his God Alternate translation: “gave thanks to his God”
DAN 6 11 v5n3 0 plot a plan with evil intent
DAN 6 12 gwm4 0 Did you not make a decree … lions? They asked this question to make the king confirm that he had made the decree.
DAN 6 12 hjs7 0 who makes a petition “who makes a request”
DAN 6 12 hjs7 0 who makes a petition Alternate translation: “who makes a request”
DAN 6 12 div1 0 den of lions This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
DAN 6 12 zp4n 0 as directed by the law “according to the law”
DAN 6 12 zp4n 0 as directed by the law Alternate translation: “according to the law”
DAN 6 13 c3ar 0 That person Daniel This is not a respectful way of referring to Daniel. They intentionally used this phrase to avoid giving Daniel the respect he was due as a chief administrator.
DAN 6 13 jia1 0 who is one of the people of the exile from Judah “who is an immagrant from Judah”
DAN 6 13 jia1 0 who is one of the people of the exile from Judah Alternate translation: “who is an immagrant from Judah”
DAN 6 13 l8eb figs-idiom 0 pays no attention to you This idiom means he ignores the king. Alternate translation: “does not obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 6 14 u8lh figs-metonymy 0 he applied his mind Here “mind” refers to his thinking. Alternate translation: “he thought very hard about how” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 6 14 ts98 0 He labored This refers to mental labor, rather than to physical labor.
DAN 6 15 d92j figs-explicit 0 no decree … can be changed The men were implying that since no decree or statute of the king can be changed, Daniel must be thrown into the pit of lions. This can be stated clearly if needed. Alternate translation: “no decree … can be changed. They must throw Daniel into the pit of lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 6 16 zny2 0 they brought in Daniel “his soldiers went and got Daniel”
DAN 6 16 zny2 0 they brought in Daniel Alternate translation: “his soldiers went and got Daniel”
DAN 6 16 q3wc 0 lions’ den This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
DAN 6 16 a268 0 May your God … rescue you The king is expressing his desire for God to save Daniel.
DAN 6 16 jd6x 0 rescue you “save you from the lions”
DAN 6 16 jd6x 0 rescue you Alternate translation: “save you from the lions”
DAN 6 17 szf5 0 den This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
DAN 6 17 xjj7 figs-explicit 0 the king sealed it with his own signet ring and with the signet rings of his nobles … concerning Daniel The function of the signet ring can be stated clearly. The king and the noblemen pressed their rings into a seal made of wax. Alternate translation: “the king pressed his signet ring into a wax seal, the nobles did this too. No one was allowed to break the seal and help Daniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 6 17 p5t2 0 nothing might be changed concerning Daniel “no one could help Daniel”
DAN 6 17 p5t2 0 nothing might be changed concerning Daniel Alternate translation: “no one could help Daniel”
DAN 6 18 un1j translate-symaction 0 he went through the night fasting This symbolic act showed that the king was worried about Daniel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
DAN 6 18 a3xd figs-activepassive 0 No entertainment was brought before him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He did not have anyone entertain him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 6 18 sb8r figs-personification 0 sleep fled from him Sleep is spoken of as if it could run away from the king. Alternate translation: “he did not sleep at all that night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DAN 6 19 e2wc 0 lions’ den This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
DAN 6 22 qn4t figs-activepassive 0 For I was found blameless This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He knows that I have done nothing wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 6 22 ssq6 0 I have done you no harm “I have not harmed you at all”
DAN 6 22 ssq6 0 I have done you no harm Alternate translation: “I have not harmed you at all”
DAN 6 23 r1eg 0 den This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
DAN 6 23 qf7q figs-activepassive 0 No harm was found on him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They did not find any wounds on Daniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 6 24 qwh3 0 Before they reached the floor “Before they reached the floor of the lions’ den”
DAN 6 24 r63c 0 broke all their bones to pieces “crushed their bones”
DAN 6 24 qwh3 0 Before they reached the floor Alternate translation: “Before they reached the floor of the lions’ den”
DAN 6 24 r63c 0 broke all their bones to pieces Alternate translation: “crushed their bones”
DAN 6 25 ty2g figs-metonymy 0 peoples, nations, and languages Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who spoke different languages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 6 25 rl1d figs-hyperbole 0 in all the earth King Darius wrote his message to his entire kingdom which was huge. Here it says “all the earth” as a generalization to emphasis how large his kingdom was, though it did not include everyone on the earth. Alternate translation: “in his kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
DAN 6 25 zkz8 0 May peace increase for you This is a form of greeting that is used to wish someone well in all areas of life.
DAN 6 26 m5v6 0 Connecting Statement: This continues to state the message that Darius sent to everyone in his kingdom.
DAN 6 26 n6v5 figs-doublet 0 tremble and fear These two words are similar and can be combined. Alternate translation: “shake with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 6 26 s8va 0 the God of Daniel “the God that Daniel worships”
DAN 6 26 s8va 0 the God of Daniel Alternate translation: “the God that Daniel worships”
DAN 6 26 ma86 figs-parallelism 0 he is the living God and lives forever The two phrases “the living God” and “lives forever” express the same concept, that God lives forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DAN 6 26 xw4k figs-parallelism 0 his kingdom shall … his dominion shall These two phrases are parallel, emphasizing how God’s kingdom will never end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DAN 6 26 s6yl figs-activepassive 0 his kingdom shall not be destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will destroy his kingdom” or “his kingdom will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 6 26 fcy1 0 his dominion shall be to the end “he will rule forever”
DAN 6 27 bld2 0 he has kept Daniel safe from the strength of the lions “he has not allowed the strong lions to hurt Daniel”
DAN 6 26 fcy1 0 his dominion shall be to the end Alternate translation: “he will rule forever”
DAN 6 27 bld2 0 he has kept Daniel safe from the strength of the lions Alternate translation: “he has not allowed the strong lions to hurt Daniel”
DAN 6 28 a5br 0 during the reign of Darius and during the reign of Cyrus the Persian Cyrus the Persian was the king who ruled after Darius.
DAN 7 intro e18x 0 # Daniel 7 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 7:9-10, 13-14, and 23-27.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### The four beasts<br><br>There will be four successive kingdoms before Yahweh sets up his eternal kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>### The Son of Man<br><br>God will give the Son of Man an eternal kingdom and he will judge people from the books. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
DAN 7 1 cw4a writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: Chapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. In Daniel’s vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 7 1 dme8 0 Belshazzar This was the name of Nebuchadnezzar’s son, who became king after him. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md).
DAN 7 1 xdv1 figs-doublet 0 a dream and visions The words “dream” and “visions” both refer to the same dream that is described in this chapter. Alternate translation: “visions while he was dreaming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 7 2 mjk7 0 the four winds of heaven “winds from everywhere” or “strong winds from all four directions”
DAN 7 2 b48l 0 stirring up “whipped up” or “agitated” or “caused high waves in”
DAN 7 2 mjk7 0 the four winds of heaven Alternate translation: “winds from everywhere” or “strong winds from all four directions”
DAN 7 2 b48l 0 stirring up Alternate translation: “whipped up” or “agitated” or “caused high waves in”
DAN 7 4 z5hd writing-symlanguage 0 The first was like a lion but had eagle’s wings This was a symbolic creature, and not an animal that exists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 7 4 a7n9 figs-activepassive 0 its wings were torn off and it was lifted from the ground and made to stand on two feet, like a man This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone tore off its wings and lifted it up from the ground and made it stand on two feet like a human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 4 y6v7 figs-metonymy 0 The mind of a man was given to it Here “mind” refers to thinking. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it the ability to think like a human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -473,10 +473,10 @@ DAN 7 5 i32b 0 ribs large curved bones of the chest that connect to the spine
DAN 7 5 c38p figs-activepassive 0 It was told This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 6 fl2z writing-symlanguage 0 another animal, one that looked like a leopard This was not an actual leopard, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a leopard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 7 6 h4ia writing-symlanguage 0 four wings … four heads The four wings and four heads are symbols, but their meaning is unclear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 7 6 y1jd 0 it had four heads “the animal had four heads”
DAN 7 6 y1jd 0 it had four heads Alternate translation: “the animal had four heads”
DAN 7 6 jpn1 figs-activepassive 0 It was given authority to rule This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it authority to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 7 g1aj writing-symlanguage 0 a fourth animal … it had ten horns This is also not an actual animal. It is a symbolic creature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 7 7 w7ww 0 trampled underfoot “walked on and crushed”
DAN 7 7 w7ww 0 trampled underfoot Alternate translation: “walked on and crushed”
DAN 7 8 yr9d 0 General Information: Daniel continues to describe his vision of the fourth animal that the saw in [Daniel 7:7](../07/07.md).
DAN 7 8 j87p figs-metonymy 0 the horns Translators may write a footnote like this: “Horns are a symbol of power and represent powerful leaders.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 7 8 ga8d figs-activepassive 0 Three of the first horns were wrenched out by the roots This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The little horn tore out three of the first horns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ DAN 7 9 rc8y 0 took his seat … His clothing … the hair of his head This pa
DAN 7 9 crh4 figs-idiom 0 took his seat This is an idiom that means he sat down. Alternate translation: “sat down on his throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 7 9 imw8 0 His clothing was as white as snow His clothing is compared to snow to show that it was very white. Alternate translation: “His clothing was very white”
DAN 7 9 d5if figs-simile 0 the hair of his head was like pure wool Something about God’s hair looked like pure wool. This could mean: (1) it was very white or (2) it was thick and curly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 7 9 jf7e 0 pure wool “clean wool” or “wool that is washed”
DAN 7 9 jf7e 0 pure wool Alternate translation: “clean wool” or “wool that is washed”
DAN 7 9 c4le 0 His throne was flames … its wheels were burning fire This describes the throne of God and its wheels as if they were made of fire. The words “flames” and “burning fire” mean basically the same thing and can be translated the same way.
DAN 7 9 lhh4 0 its wheels It is unclear why God’s throne is described as having wheels. Thrones normally do not have wheels, but the text clearly states that this throne has some kind of wheels. Use a general term for “wheels” if possible.
DAN 7 10 eu94 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: Daniel continues to describe his vision of the court in heaven and the response to the fourth animal that he saw in [Daniel 7:7](../07/07.md). Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULT and UST present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ DAN 7 12 dj5p figs-activepassive 0 their authority to rule was taken away This
DAN 7 12 ru76 figs-activepassive 0 their lives were prolonged for a period of time This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they continued to live for a period of time” or “the judge let them live a little longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 13 lvf2 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DAN 7 13 j5t6 figs-simile 0 I saw one coming … like a son of man The person that Daniel saw was not a normal man, but had a human figure like a man. “I also saw that night someone coming who resembled a son of man, that is, he had a human figure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 7 13 n5qi 0 with the clouds of heaven “with the clouds of the sky”
DAN 7 13 n5qi 0 with the clouds of heaven Alternate translation: “with the clouds of the sky”
DAN 7 13 ln6w 0 the Ancient of Days This refers to God who is eternal. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 7:9](../07/09.md)
DAN 7 13 pjn2 figs-activepassive 0 was presented before him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they presented this son of man to the Ancient of Days” or “he stood before him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 14 ai49 figs-activepassive 0 Authority to rule and glory and royal power were given to him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The one who looked like a son of man received authority to rule, glory, and royal power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -518,19 +518,19 @@ DAN 7 14 sl8k figs-activepassive 0 that will never be destroyed This can be sta
DAN 7 15 xt3d figs-parallelism 0 my spirit was grieved inside of me … the visions I saw in my mind troubled me These two phrases describe how Daniel was feeling. The second one gives more information about the first one, explaining about his grieved spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DAN 7 15 g5s3 figs-synecdoche 0 my spirit was grieved inside of me Here “my spirit” refers to Daniel himself. Alternate translation: “I was very sad inside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DAN 7 16 z2w1 0 one of them standing there This is one of the heavenly beings who were standing before God’s throne. This could mean: (1) these are angels, spirits who serve God (2) these are people who have died and are now in heaven.
DAN 7 16 fhe1 0 to show me “to tell me” or “to explain to me”
DAN 7 16 x45a 0 these things “the things I had seen”
DAN 7 17 mw57 0 These large animals, four in number, “These four large animals”
DAN 7 17 s2iv 0 are four kings “represent four kings”
DAN 7 16 fhe1 0 to show me Alternate translation: “to tell me” or “to explain to me”
DAN 7 16 x45a 0 these things Alternate translation: “the things I had seen”
DAN 7 17 mw57 0 These large animals, four in number, Alternate translation: “These four large animals”
DAN 7 17 s2iv 0 are four kings Alternate translation: “represent four kings”
DAN 7 17 e2vw figs-idiom 0 four kings that will arise from the earth Here “from the earth” means they are real people. Alternate translation: “four kings who will come to power on the earth” or “four men who will rise up from among the people of the earth and become kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 7 18 tz29 0 they will possess it “they will rule over it”
DAN 7 18 tz29 0 they will possess it Alternate translation: “they will rule over it”
DAN 7 18 x83s figs-doublet 0 forever and ever This repetition of ideas emphasizes that this kingdom will never come to an end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 7 19 qj78 0 very horrifying “very frightening”
DAN 7 19 fq88 0 trampled on “walked on and crushed”
DAN 7 20 e5t1 0 the ten horns on its head “the ten horns on the head of the fourth animal”
DAN 7 20 vi4r 0 grew up, and before which the three horns fell down “grew up, and about the three horns that fell down in front of it” or “grew up, and about the three horns that fell down because of it”
DAN 7 19 qj78 0 very horrifying Alternate translation: “very frightening”
DAN 7 19 fq88 0 trampled on Alternate translation: “walked on and crushed”
DAN 7 20 e5t1 0 the ten horns on its head Alternate translation: “the ten horns on the head of the fourth animal”
DAN 7 20 vi4r 0 grew up, and before which the three horns fell down Alternate translation: “grew up, and about the three horns that fell down in front of it” or “grew up, and about the three horns that fell down because of it”
DAN 7 20 vjs9 figs-euphemism 0 before which the three horns fell down Here “fell down” is a euphemism that means they were destroyed.” Alternate translation: “which destroyed the three horns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
DAN 7 20 frj1 0 the mouth that boasted “its mouth that boasted” or “the mouth of the new horn, that boasted”
DAN 7 20 frj1 0 the mouth that boasted Alternate translation: “its mouth that boasted” or “the mouth of the new horn, that boasted”
DAN 7 20 f425 0 that seemed greater than its companions the horn with the eyes and a mouth seemed to be greater than the other horns
DAN 7 21 xcl9 0 this horn “this fourth horn.” This refers to the horn that is described in [Daniel 7:20](../07/20.md).
DAN 7 22 pxx4 figs-activepassive 0 until the Ancient of Days came, and justice was given This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until the Ancient of Days came and brought justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -538,23 +538,23 @@ DAN 7 22 dui7 0 Ancient of Days This is a title for God that emphasizes that h
DAN 7 22 em4n figs-activepassive 0 the holy people received the kingdom This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God gave his kingdom to his holy people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 23 ec9x writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 7 23 mv4h 0 This is what that person said This is the person that Daniel approached in [Daniel 7:16](../07/16.md).
DAN 7 23 p7zf 0 that person said “that person answered”
DAN 7 23 lqc9 0 As for the fourth animal “Concerning the fourth animal” or “Now, about the fourth animal”
DAN 7 23 p7zf 0 that person said Alternate translation: “that person answered”
DAN 7 23 lqc9 0 As for the fourth animal Alternate translation: “Concerning the fourth animal” or “Now, about the fourth animal”
DAN 7 23 t6ga figs-metaphor 0 It will devour … it into pieces This does not mean the fourth kingdom will destroy the planet, but that it will brutally attack, conquer, and destroy all other kingdoms on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 7 24 x4nc 0 As for the ten horns “Concerning the ten horns” or “Now, about the ten horns”
DAN 7 24 x4nc 0 As for the ten horns Alternate translation: “Concerning the ten horns” or “Now, about the ten horns”
DAN 7 24 cn9p figs-explicit 0 out of this kingdom ten kings will arise They will rule one after the other. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “ten kings will rule over this fourth kingdom, one after another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 7 24 iw64 figs-explicit 0 another will arise after them This other king is not one of the ten. It may be helpful to refer to him as “the eleventh king.” Alternate translation: “after that an eleventh king will become powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 7 24 qun4 0 He will be different from the previous ones “He will be different from the other ten kings”
DAN 7 24 qun4 0 He will be different from the previous ones Alternate translation: “He will be different from the other ten kings”
DAN 7 24 x7hx figs-explicit 0 he will conquer the three kings He will defeat three of the original ten kings. It may be helpful to state that those three kings are represented by the three horns that were pulled out. Alternate translation: “he will defeat the three kings that were represented by the three horns that were pulled out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 7 25 w3b9 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: The man in Daniel’s vision continues talking to Daniel. Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 7 25 xih7 figs-idiom 0 He will speak words against the Most High This means that the newest king will openly disagree with and say bad things about the Most High. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 7 25 ce61 0 He will try … into his hand The words “He” and “his” refer to the newest king, not the Most High.
DAN 7 25 nt2f 0 the holy people “God’s holy people”
DAN 7 25 nt2f 0 the holy people Alternate translation: “God’s holy people”
DAN 7 25 w16z 0 change the festivals and the law Both terms refer to the law of Moses. The festivals were an important part of the religion of Israel in the Old Testament.
DAN 7 25 hn8p figs-metonymy 0 These things will be given into his hand Here “his hand” refers to his control. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The newest king will control the religous festivals and laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 25 dnu4 0 one year, two years, and half a year This means “three and half years.” This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. Try to translate it in a way that preserves this way of counting. Alternate translation: “one year plus two years plus six months”
DAN 7 26 is1x 0 the court will be in session This means that the judge will be ready to investigate evidence and make his judgment. Alternate translation: “the judge will judge” or “The judge will sit down”
DAN 7 26 iln2 0 they will take his royal power away “the members of the court will take the royal power away from the newest king”
DAN 7 26 iln2 0 they will take his royal power away Alternate translation: “the members of the court will take the royal power away from the newest king”
DAN 7 26 j3ya 0 royal power This, here, refers to “authority.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:14](../07/14.md).
DAN 7 26 plf7 figs-activepassive 0 to be consumed and destroyed at the end This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and consume and destroy it in the end” or “and completely destroy his royal power in the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 7 27 dj39 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: The man in Daniel’s vision continues talking to Daniel. Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
@ -562,10 +562,10 @@ DAN 7 27 hh11 figs-activepassive 0 The kingdom and the dominion … will be giv
DAN 7 27 c6lf figs-doublet 0 The kingdom and the dominion These two terms mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this will concern all forms of official authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 7 27 p5c7 figs-abstractnouns 0 the greatness of the kingdoms The abstract noun “greatness” can be translated with the adjective “great.” Alternate translation: “everything that is great about the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DAN 7 27 ry7e figs-idiom 0 of the kingdoms under the whole heaven The idiom “under the whole heaven” refers to the kingdoms on earth. Alternate translation: “of all the kingdoms on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 7 27 eti4 0 His kingdom “The kingdom of the Most High”
DAN 7 27 t3ct 0 an everlasting kingdom “a kingdom that will exist forever” or “a kingdom that will never end”
DAN 7 27 eti4 0 His kingdom Alternate translation: “The kingdom of the Most High”
DAN 7 27 t3ct 0 an everlasting kingdom Alternate translation: “a kingdom that will exist forever” or “a kingdom that will never end”
DAN 7 28 v6mq 0 Here is the end of the matter This means that Daniel has finished describing the vision. Alternate translation: “That is what I saw in my vision” or “This is the end of the description of what I saw in my vision”
DAN 7 28 am3a 0 my face changed in appearance “my face became pale”
DAN 7 28 am3a 0 my face changed in appearance Alternate translation: “my face became pale”
DAN 8 intro cbk6 0 # Daniel 8 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The vision of the ram and the male goat<br><br>Although specific interpretation of this vision is not given, most scholars believe Daniel saw Greece overthrowing Media-Persia before breaking up into four kingdoms. One of these kingdoms stopped the temple worship for a while and then it was restored. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])
DAN 8 1 rft5 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: Chapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. In Daniel’s vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 8 1 b6kb translate-ordinal 0 In the third year “In year three” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
@ -575,18 +575,18 @@ DAN 8 2 t4xy 0 fortress a walled city that was guarded and protected
DAN 8 2 m8kv translate-names 0 Susa … Elam … Ulai Canal These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DAN 8 2 jfs1 0 Canal A canal is a narrow man-made waterway.
DAN 8 3 kh4s writing-symlanguage 0 a ram with two horns It is normal for rams to have two horns. These horns, however, have symbolic meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 8 3 buj1 0 but the longer … passed up in length by it “but the longer one grew more slowly than the shorter one, and the shorter one grew to be even longer than it”
DAN 8 4 wrr2 0 I saw the ram charging “I saw the ram rushing” or “I saw the ram running very quickly”
DAN 8 3 buj1 0 but the longer … passed up in length by it Alternate translation: “but the longer one grew more slowly than the shorter one, and the shorter one grew to be even longer than it”
DAN 8 4 wrr2 0 I saw the ram charging Alternate translation: “I saw the ram rushing” or “I saw the ram running very quickly”
DAN 8 4 s49e figs-metonymy 0 to rescue anyone out of his hand Rams do not have hands. Here “hand” refers to the ram’s power. Alternate translation: “to rescue anyone from him” or “to rescue anyone from his power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 8 5 npd3 figs-hyperbole 0 across the surface of the whole earth The phrase “the whole earth” is an exaggeration that means he came from far away. Alternate translation: “from far away across the surface of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
DAN 8 5 jv2j figs-explicit 0 The goat had a large horn between his eyes Goats have two horns on the sides of their heads. This image should be explained. Alternate translation: “The goat had a single large horn in the center of his head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 8 6 ith5 0 in a powerful rage “and it was very angry”
DAN 8 6 ith5 0 in a powerful rage Alternate translation: “and it was very angry”
DAN 8 7 u36k 0 trampled to crush something by stepping on it
DAN 8 7 hh82 0 the ram from his power “the ram from the goat because of his power”
DAN 8 8 kr6f 0 the goat became very large “the goat became very large and strong”
DAN 8 7 hh82 0 the ram from his power Alternate translation: “the ram from the goat because of his power”
DAN 8 8 kr6f 0 the goat became very large Alternate translation: “the goat became very large and strong”
DAN 8 8 pt9j figs-activepassive 0 the large horn was broken This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “something broke off the large horn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 8 8 z9lm figs-idiom 0 toward the four winds of the heavens Here “the four winds of heaven” is an idiom that refers to the four main directions (north, east, south, west) from which the winds blow. Alternate translation: “in four different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 8 9 ys25 0 but which became very large “but it became very large”
DAN 8 9 ys25 0 but which became very large Alternate translation: “but it became very large”
DAN 8 9 i3jg 0 in the south, in the east, and in the land of beauty This probably means it pointed in those directions. This can be stated. Alternate translation: “and pointed toward the south and then toward the east and then toward the beautiful land of Israel”
DAN 8 9 umn2 figs-idiom 0 the land of beauty This is a reference to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 8 10 pkh2 figs-personification 0 It became so large as to engage in war Here the horn is given qualities of a person and is engaging in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -598,32 +598,32 @@ DAN 8 11 r2zz figs-explicit 0 the commander of the army This refers to God hims
DAN 8 11 i4px 0 It took away from him the regular burnt offering Here “took away” means the horn stopped the offering. Here “him” refers to God, the commander of the army. Alternate translation: “It stopped the people from making their regular burnt offering to him”
DAN 8 11 c2s4 figs-activepassive 0 the place of his sanctuary was polluted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it defiled his sanctuary” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 8 12 y31h figs-metaphor 0 The horn will throw truth down to the ground The horn ignoring truth and godliness is spoken of as if it will throw truth to the ground. Alternate translation: “The horn will reject the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 8 13 lj18 0 holy one “angel”
DAN 8 13 b9yz 0 the handing over of the sanctuary “the surrender of the sanctuary”
DAN 8 13 lj18 0 holy one Alternate translation: “angel”
DAN 8 13 b9yz 0 the handing over of the sanctuary Alternate translation: “the surrender of the sanctuary”
DAN 8 13 xj3i figs-activepassive 0 heaven’s army being trampled on This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the horn trampling on heaven’s army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 8 14 ed38 translate-numbers 0 2,300 evenings and mornings “Two thousand three hundred evenings and mornings.” Here “evenings and mornings” is a merism that refers to everything in between, which means full days. Alternate translation: “2,300 sunsets and sunrises” or “2,300 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
DAN 8 14 j3q3 0 the sanctuary will be put right “the temple will be purified and set in order again”
DAN 8 14 j3q3 0 the sanctuary will be put right Alternate translation: “the temple will be purified and set in order again”
DAN 8 16 h4dz figs-synecdoche 0 a man’s voice calling between the banks of the Ulai Canal Here a man is being referred to by his voice. Alternate translation: “a man calling from the Ulai Canal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DAN 8 16 c8qg 0 Ulai Canal A canal is a narrow man-made waterway. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 8:2](../08/02.md).
DAN 8 17 c9ys translate-symaction 0 prostrated myself on the ground This is an act of worship in which someone lies flat on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
DAN 8 17 v6y5 0 the time of the end “the final days” or “the end of the world.” This does not refer to the final moment in time, but rather to the events that will happen immediately before the end.
DAN 8 18 c89u 0 a deep sleep This is a type of sleep when someone is sleeping heavily and does not wake up easily.
DAN 8 19 v9et figs-explicit 0 the time of wrath This refers to the time when God will judge. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the time when God judges in anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 8 19 zif5 0 the appointed time for the end “the time when the world will end”
DAN 8 19 zif5 0 the appointed time for the end Alternate translation: “the time when the world will end”
DAN 8 20 bi9v writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represent human rulers and kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 8 20 zfr2 0 two horns—they are “two horns—they represent”
DAN 8 20 zfr2 0 two horns—they are Alternate translation: “two horns—they represent”
DAN 8 20 k8n7 figs-metonymy 0 the kings of Media and Persia This could mean: (1) this refers to the kings of Media and Persia or (2) this is a metonym in which the kings represents the kingdoms of Media and Persia. Alternate translation: “the kingdoms of Media and Persia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 8 21 j9y9 figs-metonymy 0 the king of Greece This could mean: (1) this refers to the king of Greece or (2) this is a metonym in which the king represents the kingdom of Greece. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of Greece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 8 21 h37i 0 The large horn between his eyes is “The large horn between his eyes represents”
DAN 8 21 h37i 0 The large horn between his eyes is Alternate translation: “The large horn between his eyes represents”
DAN 8 22 j764 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represented human rulers or kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 8 22 qtr7 0 As for the horn that was broken … four others arose “Where the large horn was broken off, four others arose”
DAN 8 22 qtr7 0 As for the horn that was broken … four others arose Alternate translation: “Where the large horn was broken off, four others arose”
DAN 8 22 c6qn figs-explicit 0 four kingdoms will arise from his nation The four horns represent the four new kingdoms. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “they represent the four kingdoms into which the kingdom of the first king will be divided” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 8 22 z39i 0 but not with his great power “but they will not have as much power as the king represented by the large horn”
DAN 8 23 gk83 0 At the latter time of those kingdoms “As those kingdoms approach their end”
DAN 8 23 t2i5 0 shall have reached their limit “have reached their full” or “have run their course”
DAN 8 22 z39i 0 but not with his great power Alternate translation: “but they will not have as much power as the king represented by the large horn”
DAN 8 23 gk83 0 At the latter time of those kingdoms Alternate translation: “As those kingdoms approach their end”
DAN 8 23 t2i5 0 shall have reached their limit Alternate translation: “have reached their full” or “have run their course”
DAN 8 23 x2ku 0 grim-faced This means someone who looks defiant, or like he will refuse to obey.
DAN 8 24 fm5e writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represented human rulers or kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
DAN 8 24 ue1c 0 but not by his own power “but someone else will give him his power”
DAN 8 24 ue1c 0 but not by his own power Alternate translation: “but someone else will give him his power”
DAN 8 25 yq8r figs-personification 0 he will make deceit prosper Here “deceit” is spoken of as if it is a person who will prosper. Alternate translation: “the amount of deception will increase” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DAN 8 25 u9tg figs-metonymy 0 under his hand Here “hand” refers to his rule. Alternate translation: “under his rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 8 25 f6qi 0 King of kings This refers to God.
@ -631,22 +631,22 @@ DAN 8 25 asi1 figs-metonymy 0 he will be broken Here “he” refers to his pow
DAN 8 25 cxx3 figs-metonymy 0 not by any human hand Here “hand” refers to power. This can be also stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “not by any human power” or “by divine power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 8 26 cp6e 0 General Information: The angel continues to instruct Daniel about the visions that Daniel saw.
DAN 8 26 cer6 figs-metaphor 0 seal up the vision The angel speaks about the vision as if it were a scroll that could be closed with a wax seal. This prevented anyone from seeing the contents until the seal was broken. Alternate translation: “close and seal up what you have written about the vision” or “do not tell anyone about the vision now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 8 27 us1l 0 was overcome and lay weak for several days “was exhausted and lay in bed sick for several days”
DAN 8 27 c42h 0 went about the king’s business “did the work that the king had assigned to me”
DAN 8 27 v7gd 0 I was appalled by the vision “I was dismayed by the vision” or “I was very confused by the vision”
DAN 8 27 us1l 0 was overcome and lay weak for several days Alternate translation: “was exhausted and lay in bed sick for several days”
DAN 8 27 c42h 0 went about the king’s business Alternate translation: “did the work that the king had assigned to me”
DAN 8 27 v7gd 0 I was appalled by the vision Alternate translation: “I was dismayed by the vision” or “I was very confused by the vision”
DAN 9 intro sz7n 0 # Daniel 9 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Daniel told the future<br>Gabriel told Daniel a prophecy that Jerusalem would be rebuilt. Then later an anointed person would be killed and the worship at the temple stopped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>### The unusual expression of numbers in 9:24-26<br><br>This passage uses the expressions “seventy sevens of years,” “seven sevens and sixty-two sevens,” and “sixty-two sevens of years” to denote ““490 years,” “49 years and then 434 years,” and “434 years,” respectively. The original language uses the idea of a “week” to express the idea of a group of sevens, but these numbers are clearly meant to denote years, not weeks. Most translators should use the ways normal in their languages to express these numbers.
DAN 9 1 a2ic 0 General Information: Chapters 7 and 8 were not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king. Chapter 9 now returns to the events of the reign of Darius who became king in chapter 6.
DAN 9 1 lvl3 writing-background 0 It was Ahasuerus who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians This is background information about who Ahasuerus was. The UST places this in parentheses to make that clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
DAN 9 1 y3g6 figs-activepassive 0 who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who became king over the realm of the Babylonians” or “who conquered the Babylonians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 1 m6bc 0 over the realm “over the country” or “over the kingdom”
DAN 9 1 m6bc 0 over the realm Alternate translation: “over the country” or “over the kingdom”
DAN 9 2 h1p2 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
DAN 9 2 y2g1 translate-numbers 0 there would be seventy years until Jerusalem’s abandonment would end “from the time Jerusalem was destroyed, it would remain in ruins for 70 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DAN 9 2 zrc4 0 abandonment this means no one would help or rebuild Jerusalem during that time
DAN 9 3 xi1v figs-metonymy 0 I turned my face to the Lord God Here “face” represents Daniel’s attention. Alternate translation: “I focused my attention on the Lord God” or “I directed my thoughts toward the Lord God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 9 3 v1yi figs-metaphor 0 to seek him Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 9 3 ni5z translate-symaction 0 fasting, wearing sackcloth, and sitting in ashes These are symbolic acts of repentance and sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
DAN 9 4 waz8 0 I made confession of our sins “I confessed our sins”
DAN 9 4 q4bd 0 you are the one who keeps the covenant and is faithful to love those “you do what you said you would do in your covenant, and you faithfully love those”
DAN 9 4 waz8 0 I made confession of our sins Alternate translation: “I confessed our sins”
DAN 9 4 q4bd 0 you are the one who keeps the covenant and is faithful to love those Alternate translation: “you do what you said you would do in your covenant, and you faithfully love those”
DAN 9 5 wju1 0 General Information: Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel.
DAN 9 5 bz6l figs-parallelism 0 We have sinned and have done what is wrong These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DAN 9 5 ie62 figs-parallelism 0 We have acted wickedly and we have rebelled These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ DAN 9 7 fy69 figs-metaphor 0 To you, Lord, belongs righteousness Being righteou
DAN 9 7 x7i6 figs-metaphor 0 To us today, however, belongs shame on our faces—for the people Being ashamed is spoken of as if “shame” were an object that belongs to people. The abstract noun “shame” can be stated as “ashamed.” Alternate translation: “But as for us, we are ashamed of what we have done—the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DAN 9 7 k8fa figs-exclusive 0 To us today The word “us” includes Daniel and the Israelites, but it does not include God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
DAN 9 7 kk5y figs-idiom 0 belongs shame on our faces This idiom means their shame is visible to all. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 9 7 u1gy 0 because of the great treachery that we committed against you “because we greatly betrayed you” or “because we were very unfaithful to you”
DAN 9 7 u1gy 0 because of the great treachery that we committed against you Alternate translation: “because we greatly betrayed you” or “because we were very unfaithful to you”
DAN 9 9 yg1d 0 General Information: Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel.
DAN 9 9 vqm3 figs-metaphor 0 To the Lord our God belong compassion and forgiveness Having these traits is spoken of as if they belonged to the Lord. Alternate translation: “The Lord our God is compassionate and forgives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 9 10 kf4g figs-metonymy 0 We have not obeyed the voice of Yahweh our God Here “voice” refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “We have not obeyed what Yahweh told us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -672,33 +672,33 @@ DAN 9 12 l46l figs-activepassive 0 there has not been done anything “nothing
DAN 9 12 vbx2 figs-activepassive 0 what has been done to Jerusalem This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what you have done to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 13 c1fb figs-activepassive 0 As it is written in the law of Moses This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “As Moses wrote in the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 13 sk3z figs-idiom 0 turning away from our iniquities Here stopping evil activity is spoken of as turning away from them. Alternate translation: “stopping our evil actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 9 14 dxb5 0 Yahweh has kept the disaster ready “Yahweh has prepared this disaster”
DAN 9 14 dxb5 0 Yahweh has kept the disaster ready Alternate translation: “Yahweh has prepared this disaster”
DAN 9 14 up2a figs-metonymy 0 we have not obeyed his voice Here “voice” refers to the things that Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “we have not done what he told us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 9 15 wi6x figs-metonymy 0 with a mighty hand Here “mighty hand” is a metonym for strength. Alternate translation: “with great strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 9 15 k82d 0 you have made a famous name for yourself, as in this present day “you caused people to know how great you are, as you still do today”
DAN 9 15 k82d 0 you have made a famous name for yourself, as in this present day Alternate translation: “you caused people to know how great you are, as you still do today”
DAN 9 15 u2zs figs-parallelism 0 still we sinned; we have done wicked things These two clauses mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize how bad sin is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DAN 9 15 h9ad figs-exclusive 0 we sinned; we have done wicked things Daniel and Israel sinned and did wicked things, but “we” does not include God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
DAN 9 16 zd1k figs-doublet 0 your anger and your wrath The words “anger” and “wrath” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how terrible God’s anger is when he acts on it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 9 16 g4t8 0 your holy mountain This mountain may be holy because God’s temple is there. Alternate translation: “the mountain where your holy temple is”
DAN 9 16 t4wb figs-exclusive 0 our sins … our ancestors Here “our” refers to Daniel and Israel, but not to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
DAN 9 16 qcc3 0 an object of scorn “a target of disrespect”
DAN 9 16 qcc3 0 an object of scorn Alternate translation: “a target of disrespect”
DAN 9 17 e6hv 0 Now This does not mean “at this moment”, but it is a way to show that the next phase in Daniel’s prayer is about to start.
DAN 9 17 u437 figs-123person 0 your servant … his pleas for mercy The words “your servant” and “his” here refer to Daniel. He speaks about himself in the third person as a sign of respect for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
DAN 9 17 ndy1 0 pleas for mercy “requests for mercy”
DAN 9 17 ndy1 0 pleas for mercy Alternate translation: “requests for mercy”
DAN 9 17 a4vq figs-metaphor 0 make your face shine on The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably as if Yahweh’s face shone a light. Alternate translation: “act kindly toward” or “act with favor toward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 9 17 b52l 0 your sanctuary This refers to the temple in Jerusalem.
DAN 9 18 sv8a figs-idiom 0 open your ears and listen To “open the ears” is an idiom that means to listen. These two phrases means the same thing and emphasize Daniel’s desire for God to listen to his prayer. Alternate translation: “please listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 9 18 jqa4 figs-idiom 0 open your eyes and see To “open the eyes” is an idiom that means to see. These two phrases means the same thing and emphasize Daniel’s desire for God to pay attention to his prayer. Alternate translation: “notice us” or “pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 9 18 gw8i figs-metonymy 0 is called by your name Here “name” represents ownership. Alternate translation: “is your city” or “belongs to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 9 19 y5zw 0 do not delay This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “act quickly”
DAN 9 20 n3ma 0 my people Israel “the people of Israel to whom I belong”
DAN 9 20 n3ma 0 my people Israel Alternate translation: “the people of Israel to whom I belong”
DAN 9 21 tmu9 figs-explicit 0 the man Gabriel This is the same angel Gabriel who appeared in the form of a man in [Daniel 8:16](../08/16.md). Alternate translation: “Gabriel, who appeared as a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 9 21 m9dw 0 in the vision at the first This may refer to the first vision that Daniel had while he was awake. Alternate translation: “in the previous vision” or “in the vision I saw before” or “in a vision before”
DAN 9 21 ud8s 0 flew down to me in rapid flight “flew down to me quickly”
DAN 9 21 ud8s 0 flew down to me in rapid flight Alternate translation: “flew down to me quickly”
DAN 9 21 i2as 0 at the time of the evening sacrifice The Jewish people sacrificed to God each evening just before the sun went down.
DAN 9 22 i4uk figs-doublet 0 insight and understanding The words “insight” and “understanding” mean the same thing and emphasize that Gabriel will help Daniel to understand the message completely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 9 23 bj8w figs-activepassive 0 the order was given This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God gave the order” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 23 ke8t 0 consider this word “think about this message”
DAN 9 23 ke8t 0 consider this word Alternate translation: “think about this message”
DAN 9 23 dn8d 0 the revelation This refers back to the prophesy of Jeremiah in [Daniel 9:2](../09/02.md).
DAN 9 24 tn7g 0 Seventy sevens are decreed for your people and your holy city to God decreed that he would do the things in this verse for the people and the holy city.
DAN 9 24 x7sx 0 Seventy sevens This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. Alternate translation: “Seventy times seven years”
@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ DAN 9 25 cc6s translate-symaction 0 the anointed one Anointing is a symbolic ac
DAN 9 25 mg6r 0 seven sevens … and sixty-two sevens These added together are 69 of the 70 sevens spoken of in verse 24.
DAN 9 25 tg7z figs-activepassive 0 Jerusalem will be rebuilt This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will rebuild Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 25 gs6w 0 moat a deep ditch around a city or building, usually with water in it
DAN 9 25 q3nq 0 the times of distress “a time of great trouble”
DAN 9 25 q3nq 0 the times of distress Alternate translation: “a time of great trouble”
DAN 9 26 t9v5 0 sixty-two sevens This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. See how you translated this number in [Daniel 9:25](../09/25.md). Alternate translation: “sixty-two times seven”
DAN 9 26 pru6 figs-activepassive 0 the anointed one will be destroyed and will have nothing This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will destroy the anointed one and he will have nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 26 nzv4 0 the anointed one Anointing is a symbolic act to show that someone is chosen. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 9:25](../09/25.md). Alternate translation: “the person that God anoints” or “the person that God chooses”
@ -721,21 +721,21 @@ DAN 9 26 hpa8 figs-metaphor 0 Its end will come with a flood The army will dest
DAN 9 26 ite5 figs-activepassive 0 Desolations have been decreed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has decreed ruin for the city and sanctuary” or “God has declared that the enemy army will destroy everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 9 27 a45k 0 He will … he will This refers to the coming ruler who will destroy the anointed one.
DAN 9 27 zqk4 0 one seven … In the middle of the seven Here “seven” is used to refer to a period of seven years. Alternate translation: “seven years … Halfway through the seven years”
DAN 9 27 rr1b 0 put an end to “stop” or “halt”
DAN 9 27 rr1b 0 put an end to Alternate translation: “stop” or “halt”
DAN 9 27 jsh2 figs-doublet 0 the sacrifice and the offering These words basically mean the same thing. The repetition is to show that the ruler will prevent all types of sacrifices. Alternate translation: “all forms of sacrificing” or “every type of offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 9 27 e962 figs-metonymy 0 the wing of abominations This may refer to the defensive structures on top of the walls of the temple, which are called “abominations” because they are full of idols. Alternate translation: “the walls of the temple that are full of abominations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 9 27 l267 0 someone who makes desolate “a person who completely destroys”
DAN 9 27 l267 0 someone who makes desolate Alternate translation: “a person who completely destroys”
DAN 9 27 i8lk figs-activepassive 0 A full end and destruction are decreed to be poured out This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has decreed that he will pour out a full end and destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 9 27 x6c9 figs-doublet 0 A full end and destruction These two words or expressions are basically the same. They emphasize how serious and complete the destruction will be. Alternate translation: “Complete destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 9 27 t53m 0 the one who has made the desolation “the person who caused the destruction”
DAN 9 27 t53m 0 the one who has made the desolation Alternate translation: “the person who caused the destruction”
DAN 10 intro rcw2 0 # Daniel 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section where Daniel is given a prophecy about the future from an angel. This section continues for the remainder of the book. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
DAN 10 1 if3j translate-ordinal 0 the third year of Cyrus king of Persia “year 3 of the rule of Cyrus the king of Persia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DAN 10 1 mci4 figs-activepassive 0 a message was revealed to Daniel This can also be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God revealed a message to Daniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 10 1 vf8c 0 insight the ability to understand more than what can be seen
DAN 10 3 xqe9 0 delicacies These are expensive or rare kinds of food. Alternate translation: “fancy foods”
DAN 10 3 af3y 0 until the completion of three entire weeks “until the end of three entire weeks”
DAN 10 3 af3y 0 until the completion of three entire weeks Alternate translation: “until the end of three entire weeks”
DAN 10 4 s7nc translate-hebrewmonths 0 On the twenty-fourth day of the first month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DAN 10 5 p8b1 0 with a belt around his waist “and he was wearing a belt”
DAN 10 5 p8b1 0 with a belt around his waist Alternate translation: “and he was wearing a belt”
DAN 10 5 q62t translate-names 0 Uphaz Uphaz is a place. Its location is not known (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DAN 10 6 pv61 figs-simile 0 His body was like topaz His body gleamed with blue or yellow light as if it were made of topaz. Alternate translation: “his body gleamed like topaz” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 10 6 yce2 0 topaz a blue or yellow gemstone, also known as beryl, peridot, or chrysolite
@ -751,11 +751,11 @@ DAN 10 9 kc4l figs-idiom 0 I fell on my face in deep sleep Possible meanings ar
DAN 10 10 q7sg figs-synecdoche 0 A hand touched me Here a person’s hand represents that person, probably the man whom Daniel saw in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md). Alternate translation: “Someone touched me with his hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DAN 10 11 uuf2 figs-activepassive 0 Daniel, man greatly treasured This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Daniel, you whom God greatly treasures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 10 11 r2td 0 greatly treasured much valued and loved
DAN 10 12 xbp6 0 you set your mind to understand “you determined to understand the vision”
DAN 10 12 xbp6 0 you set your mind to understand Alternate translation: “you determined to understand the vision”
DAN 10 12 n99a figs-activepassive 0 your words were heard This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God heard your words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 10 13 qc85 0 prince Here this refers to a spirit who has authority over a human nation. Alternate translation: “spirit prince”
DAN 10 13 rag2 0 the kings of Persia This probably refers to the various kings who ruled over nations in the Persian Empire, and who had to obey the king of Persia.
DAN 10 13 as4y 0 Michael, one of the chief princes “Michael, on of the chief angels” or “Michael, one of the archangels”
DAN 10 13 as4y 0 Michael, one of the chief princes Alternate translation: “Michael, on of the chief angels” or “Michael, one of the archangels”
DAN 10 14 b23e 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 10 15 lq7d 0 I turned my face toward the ground “I looked at the ground.” Daniel may have done this to show humble reverence, or because he was afraid.
DAN 10 16 dt5j 0 One who was like the sons of man This may refer to the one who had just spoken to Daniel. However, some versions interpret it as referring to a different person. Alternate translation: “This one, who looked like a human”
@ -763,24 +763,24 @@ DAN 10 16 wv9e figs-idiom 0 like the sons of man Here this expression refers to
DAN 10 16 na7s 0 agony severe emotional suffering
DAN 10 17 t4pn figs-rquestion 0 I am your servant. How can I talk with my master? Daniel asks this question meaning that he cannot speak to the angel because he is not the angel’s equal. These sentences can be combined. Alternate translation: “I am not able to answer you because I am only your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DAN 10 17 by59 figs-idiom 0 there is no breath left in me This idiom refers to breathing. Alternate translation: “I cannot breathe” or “it’s very hard to breathe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 10 18 wh3x 0 the one with an appearance of a man “the one who looked like a human”
DAN 10 18 wh3x 0 the one with an appearance of a man Alternate translation: “the one who looked like a human”
DAN 10 19 j55a 0 Be strong now, be strong The words “be strong” are repeated for emphasis.
DAN 10 19 w36n figs-activepassive 0 man greatly treasured This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you whom God greatly treasures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 10 19 u5hy figs-activepassive 0 I was strengthened This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I became strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 10 20 tku1 0 the prince of Persia Here “prince” refers to a spirit who rules and guards a human nation. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 10:13](../10/13.md). Alternate translation: “the spirit prince of Persia”
DAN 10 21 k4rh figs-explicit 0 But I will tell you This implies that the angel will tell Daniel about this immediately, before he goes away. Alternate translation: “But first I will tell you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 10 21 gx6a figs-activepassive 0 what is written in the Book of Truth This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what the Book of Truth says” or “what someone wrote in the Book of Truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 10 21 f6mz 0 who shows himself to be strong “who proves himself to be strong”
DAN 10 21 x9us 0 There is no one who shows himself to be strong with me against them, except Michael your prince “Michael your prince is the only one to show himself strong with me against them” or “Michael your prince is the only one who helps me against them”
DAN 10 21 f6mz 0 who shows himself to be strong Alternate translation: “who proves himself to be strong”
DAN 10 21 x9us 0 There is no one who shows himself to be strong with me against them, except Michael your prince Alternate translation: “Michael your prince is the only one to show himself strong with me against them” or “Michael your prince is the only one who helps me against them”
DAN 10 21 t5rl figs-you 0 Michael your prince The word “your” is plural. It refers to Daniel and the rest of the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Michael, the prince of your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DAN 10 21 p2z5 0 Michael your prince “Michael your guardian angel.” Translate “prince” when it refers to Michael as you did [Daniel 10:13](../10/13.md).
DAN 11 intro ee96 0 # Daniel 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The final prophecy continues in this chapter. The kings of the North and of the South will fight many wars against each other. The king of the South is probably a reference to Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
DAN 11 1 iik8 0 General Information: In Daniel 11:1 through 12:4, the one who was speaking to Daniel in chapter 10 tells him what is written in the book of truth. This is as he said he would do in [Daniel 10:21](../10/21.md).
DAN 11 1 rm8a figs-explicit 0 In the first year of Darius Darius was the King of the Medes. “The first year” refers to the first year that he was king. Alternate translation: “In the first year of the reign of Darius” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 11 2 eq9g 0 Three kings will arise in Persia “Three kings will rule over Persia”
DAN 11 2 eq9g 0 Three kings will arise in Persia Alternate translation: “Three kings will rule over Persia”
DAN 11 2 ed2c translate-ordinal 0 a fourth will be far richer than all the others “after them a fourth king will come into power who will have more money than the three before him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DAN 11 2 dk4x 0 power This could mean: (1) authority or (2) military power.
DAN 11 2 e62r 0 he will stir up everyone “he will cause everyone to want to fight”
DAN 11 2 e62r 0 he will stir up everyone Alternate translation: “he will cause everyone to want to fight”
DAN 11 3 y2cv 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 11 3 l9xy figs-metaphor 0 A mighty king will rise up The idea of rising up or standing is often used for someone who becomes powerful. Alternate translation: “A mighty king will begin to reign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 3 xg79 0 who will rule a very great kingdom This could mean: (1) that the size of this kingdom would be very great, or (2) that the king would rule his kingdom with very great power.
@ -801,11 +801,11 @@ DAN 11 7 u8jk figs-synecdoche 0 He will attack the army The word “he” refer
DAN 11 7 jj5j 0 He will fight them Here “them” represents the soldiers of the enemy army. Alternate translation: “He will fight the enemy soldiers”
DAN 11 9 lpm6 0 but he will withdraw The word “he” refers to the king of the North.
DAN 11 10 l8lr 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 11 10 b8ne 0 His sons “The sons of the king of the North”
DAN 11 10 d4ad 0 assemble a great army “gather together many men who can fight in battles”
DAN 11 10 b8ne 0 His sons Alternate translation: “The sons of the king of the North”
DAN 11 10 d4ad 0 assemble a great army Alternate translation: “gather together many men who can fight in battles”
DAN 11 10 t3xu figs-simile 0 will flood everything The way the large army covers the land will be like a flood of water. Alternate translation: “will be so great in number that they will cover all the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DAN 11 11 m2y4 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 11 11 z45y 0 will raise up a great army “will assemble a great army”
DAN 11 11 z45y 0 will raise up a great army Alternate translation: “will assemble a great army”
DAN 11 11 wzt8 figs-activepassive 0 the army will be given into his hand Here “hand” represents the control of the king of the South. Alternate translation: “the king will surrender the army to the king of the South” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 12 dv6k figs-activepassive 0 The army will be carried off This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “The king of the South will capture the army of the North” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 11 12 sc8a figs-metaphor 0 will be lifted up Being lifted up represents the idea of becoming very proud. Alternate translation: “will become very proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ DAN 11 15 eu1n figs-synecdoche 0 The king of the North will come Here “king o
DAN 11 15 tqb1 0 pour out earth for siege mounds This refers to the piling up of earth in order for soldiers to reach the height of city walls in order to attack them. Soldiers and slaves would put loose earth in baskets, carry them to the right place, and pour it out in order to raise the mounds.
DAN 11 15 f3vi 0 fortifications walls and other things built to defend a city or fort from enemy soldiers
DAN 11 15 em5h figs-metonymy 0 will not be able to stand Here standing represents the ability to fight. Alternate translation: “will not be able to keep fighting against them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 11 16 nm4j 0 the one who comes will act according to his desires against him “the invading king will do whatever he wants against the other king”
DAN 11 16 nm4j 0 the one who comes will act according to his desires against him Alternate translation: “the invading king will do whatever he wants against the other king”
DAN 11 16 zl4i figs-metonymy 0 He will stand in Here standing represents ruling. Alternate translation: “The king will begin to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 11 16 d31f 0 the land of beauty This refers to the land of Israel. See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:9](../08/09.md).
DAN 11 16 bmr3 figs-metaphor 0 destruction will be in his hand Here “destruction” represents the power to destroy. Also, the power to destroy is spoken of as if it were something that someone could hold in his hand. Alternate translation: “he will have power to destroy anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -830,9 +830,9 @@ DAN 11 17 s8fx 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 11 17 cr5f figs-idiom 0 set his face This is an idiom for a person deciding to do something and not being willing to change his mind. Alternate translation: “decide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 11 17 hz1p figs-metonymy 0 come with the strength of his entire kingdom This probably refers to military power. Alternate translation: “come with the force of all his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 11 17 pl8v figs-idiom 0 a daughter of women This is an elegant way of saying “a woman.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 11 18 y98a 0 will end his arrogance “will make the king of the North stop being arrogant”
DAN 11 18 t5p9 0 will cause his arrogance to turn back upon him “will cause the king of the North to suffer because he was arrogant toward others”
DAN 11 19 ef5y 0 he will pay attention “the king of the North will pay attention”
DAN 11 18 y98a 0 will end his arrogance Alternate translation: “will make the king of the North stop being arrogant”
DAN 11 18 t5p9 0 will cause his arrogance to turn back upon him Alternate translation: “will cause the king of the North to suffer because he was arrogant toward others”
DAN 11 19 ef5y 0 he will pay attention Alternate translation: “the king of the North will pay attention”
DAN 11 19 x9wd figs-idiom 0 he will not be found This is a way of saying that he will die. This idea can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will disappear” or “he will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 11 20 yg3t 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 11 20 kdc5 figs-metaphor 0 someone will rise up in his place Rising up in a king’s place represents becoming king in place of the previous king. Alternate translation: “another man will become king of the North instead of that king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -845,20 +845,20 @@ DAN 11 22 pp6n figs-activepassive 0 Both that army and the leader of the covena
DAN 11 22 kdw5 0 the leader of the covenant “the leader of the priests.” This phrase refers to the person who filled the most important religious position that God required in his covenant, that of the high priest.
DAN 11 23 hq64 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 11 23 ws3q figs-activepassive 0 From the time an alliance is made with him This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When other rulers make a peace treaty with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 11 24 ml78 0 will spread among his followers “will distribute to his followers”
DAN 11 24 e41l 0 the booty, the plunder, and the wealth “the valuable things that he and his army take from the people they defeat”
DAN 11 24 ml78 0 will spread among his followers Alternate translation: “will distribute to his followers”
DAN 11 24 e41l 0 the booty, the plunder, and the wealth Alternate translation: “the valuable things that he and his army take from the people they defeat”
DAN 11 25 skn8 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 11 25 gu4a figs-personification 0 He will wake up his power and his heart Power and heart (that is, courage) are spoken of as if they were people whom someone could wake up in order to make them act. Alternate translation: “He will make himself powerful and will become courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DAN 11 25 xr4i figs-metaphor 0 heart Here this represents courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 25 l4sg 0 with a great army “with a great army that he will assemble”
DAN 11 25 iy35 0 will wage war “will fight against him”
DAN 11 25 l4sg 0 with a great army Alternate translation: “with a great army that he will assemble”
DAN 11 25 iy35 0 will wage war Alternate translation: “will fight against him”
DAN 11 25 a8rn figs-metaphor 0 he will not stand Not standing represents being defeated. Alternate translation: “the king of the South will be defeated” or “his army will be defeated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 26 q6x3 figs-metonymy 0 those who eat his fine food This refers to the king’s advisers. It was usual for a king’s most trusted advisers to eat meals with him. Alternate translation: “the king’s best advisers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 11 26 ia23 figs-metaphor 0 His army will be swept away like a flood Here the severe defeat of an army is spoken of as a flood of water that completely sweeps it away. Alternate translation: “The enemy will completely defeat his army” or “His enemy will completely destroy his army as a flood destroys everything in its path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 26 vhr4 figs-idiom 0 many of them will fall killed Here “fall” is an idiom that refers to dying in battle, so “fall” and “killed” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “many of his soldiers will die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 11 27 uf6f figs-metaphor 0 with their hearts set on evil against each other Here “heart” represents a person’s desires. Desires are spoken of here as if they were an object that someone could set or place in a certain position. Alternate translation: “each determined to do evil to the other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 27 hy3i figs-metonymy 0 will sit at the same table Sitting at the same table represents the act of talking to each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 11 27 l9y8 0 but it will be of no use “but their talking will not help them”
DAN 11 27 l9y8 0 but it will be of no use Alternate translation: “but their talking will not help them”
DAN 11 27 yqf8 figs-activepassive 0 For the end will come at the time that has been fixed This tells why their meetings will not be successful. Alternate translation: “The result of their actions will only come at the time that God has fixed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 11 28 gj2c figs-metonymy 0 riches, with his heart set against the holy covenant Here “heart” represents the mind or thoughts of a person. The idiom “his heart set against” means to be determined to oppose something. This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “riches. He will be determined to oppose the holy covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 11 28 bn8y figs-metonymy 0 with his heart set against the holy covenant The king’s desire to act against the holy covenant represents his desire to stop the Israelites from obeying that covenant. Alternate translation: “determined to stop the Israelites from obeying the holy covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -866,16 +866,16 @@ DAN 11 28 x22z 0 the holy covenant Here “holy” describes God’s covenant
DAN 11 28 cg5d figs-explicit 0 He will act This implies that the king will do certain actions in Israel. Alternate translation: “He will do what he wants to in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 11 30 ql6s figs-metonymy 0 ships of Kittim will come against him The ships represent the army coming in those ships. Alternate translation: “an army will come from Kittim in ships in order to fight his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 11 30 vt1j translate-names 0 Kittim This may refer to a settlement on the island of Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DAN 11 30 n36n 0 He will be furious against the holy covenant “He will hate the holy covenant”
DAN 11 30 y4cm 0 will show favor to those “will act in favor for those” or “will help those”
DAN 11 30 n36n 0 He will be furious against the holy covenant Alternate translation: “He will hate the holy covenant”
DAN 11 30 y4cm 0 will show favor to those Alternate translation: “will act in favor for those” or “will help those”
DAN 11 31 n2xy figs-idiom 0 His forces will rise up “His army will appear” or “His army will come.” The word “His” refers to the king of the North. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 11 31 cjf5 0 the fortress sanctuary “the sanctuary that the people use as a fortress”
DAN 11 31 cjf5 0 the fortress sanctuary Alternate translation: “the sanctuary that the people use as a fortress”
DAN 11 31 gq2g figs-metaphor 0 They will take away the regular burnt offering Taking away the offering represents preventing people from offering it. Alternate translation: “They will stop the priests from presenting the regular burnt offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 31 e91v figs-idiom 0 the abomination that causes desolation This refers to an idol that will make the temple desolate, that is, that will cause God to leave his temple. Alternate translation: “the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple” or “the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 11 32 g7nd 0 acted wickedly against the covenant “wickedly disobeyed the covenant”
DAN 11 32 qcz6 0 corrupt them “persuade them to do evil”
DAN 11 32 g7nd 0 acted wickedly against the covenant Alternate translation: “wickedly disobeyed the covenant”
DAN 11 32 qcz6 0 corrupt them Alternate translation: “persuade them to do evil”
DAN 11 32 th7n figs-metonymy 0 who know their God Here “know” means “be faithful.” Alternate translation: “who are faithful to their God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 11 32 v4tg 0 will be strong and will take action “will be firm and resist them”
DAN 11 32 v4tg 0 will be strong and will take action Alternate translation: “will be firm and resist them”
DAN 11 33 fs3l figs-metaphor 0 they will stumble by the sword and by flame Here “stumble” is a metaphor that represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. Here “sword” represents battles and warfare, and “flame” represents fire. Alternate translation: “they will die in battle and by burning to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 11 33 i91v 0 they This refers to the wise persons among the Israelites.
DAN 11 33 kc6h figs-metaphor 0 they will stumble into captivity and into being robbed for days Here “stumble” is a metaphor that represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. The phrase “being robbed” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will become slaves and their enemies will rob them of their possessions for days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -891,13 +891,13 @@ DAN 11 35 x3zq figs-metaphor 0 cleansing This refers to making people, places,
DAN 11 35 xl1l figs-metaphor 0 purifying This idea is very similar to refining, discussed earlier. Metal that is refined can also be said to be purified. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 35 p8p8 0 time of the end “the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md).
DAN 11 35 a7hv 0 the appointed time is still to come Here “appointed time” implies that God has set the time. This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has set the time in the future”
DAN 11 36 ytf5 0 The king will act according to his desires “The king will do whatever he wants”
DAN 11 36 ytf5 0 The king will act according to his desires Alternate translation: “The king will do whatever he wants”
DAN 11 36 pn6u 0 The king This refers to the king of the North.
DAN 11 36 v9x7 figs-doublet 0 lift himself up and make himself great The phrases “lift himself up” and “make himself great” mean the same thing and indicate that the king will become very proud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DAN 11 36 sy4c figs-metaphor 0 lift himself up Here this represents becoming very proud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 36 z6yk figs-metaphor 0 make himself great Here this represents pretending to be very important and powerful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 36 w4pm figs-idiom 0 the God of gods This refers to the one true God. Alternate translation: “the supreme God” or “the only true God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 11 36 s173 0 astonishing things “terrible things” or “shocking things”
DAN 11 36 s173 0 astonishing things Alternate translation: “terrible things” or “shocking things”
DAN 11 36 m82m figs-metaphor 0 until the wrath is completed This phrase pictures God as storing up his wrath until his storeroom is completely full of it and he is ready to act according to it. Alternate translation: “until God is completely angry with him” or “until God is angry enough to take action against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DAN 11 37 swa4 0 the god desirable to women This seems to refer to the pagan god named Tammuz.
DAN 11 38 a7fh 0 the god of fortresses The king probably believed that this false god would help him to attack other people’s fortresses and keep his own. Alternate translation: “the god that controls fortresses”
@ -920,7 +920,7 @@ DAN 11 43 qp3z translate-names 0 the Libyans and the Cushites “the people of
DAN 11 44 m79f 0 General Information: This is still about the king of the North.
DAN 11 44 et68 figs-abstractnouns 0 he will go out with great rage The abstract noun “rage” can be expressed with the word “angry.” It can be stated clearly that he would go out with his army. Alternate translation: “he will be very angry and will go out” or “he will become very angry and will go out with his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 11 44 n5ju figs-metonymy 0 go out To “go out” represents the action of attacking the enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DAN 11 44 dsf1 0 to set many apart for destruction “to destroy many people”
DAN 11 44 dsf1 0 to set many apart for destruction Alternate translation: “to destroy many people”
DAN 11 45 cil2 0 the tent of his royal residence This refers to the king’s luxurious tents that he lived in when he was with his army in time of war.
DAN 11 45 dk8u 0 between the seas and the mountain of the beauty of holiness This probably refers to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and Temple Mount in Jerusalem.
DAN 11 45 k8sp figs-metonymy 0 the mountain of the beauty of holiness This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where God’s temple was. See how you translated somewhat similar phrases in [Daniel 9:16](../09/16.md) and [Daniel 9:20](../09/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -938,13 +938,13 @@ DAN 12 4 qed5 figs-metonymy 0 close up these words; keep the book sealed Here
DAN 12 4 mb3v 0 time of the end “the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md).
DAN 12 4 krj6 figs-explicit 0 Many will run here and there, and knowledge will increase This seems to happen before “the time of the end” during which time the book is sealed. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Before that happens, many people will travel here and there, learning more and more about many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 12 5 q8a8 0 General Information: Daniel goes on to tell what he saw next in this vision that began in [Daniel 10:1](../10/01.md).
DAN 12 5 mxu1 0 there were two others standing “there were two other angels standing”
DAN 12 5 mxu1 0 there were two others standing Alternate translation: “there were two other angels standing”
DAN 12 6 d2x2 figs-activepassive 0 the man clothed in linen This refers to the angel who appeared to Daniel in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md), not to one of the angels who is standing beside the river. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 12 6 cw1u 0 upstream along the river This could mean: (1) the angel clothed in linen was above the river or (2) the angel was further upstream along the river.
DAN 12 6 x2yz 0 How long will it be to the end of these amazing events? “How long will these amazing events last?” This refers to the time from the beginning to the end of the events.
DAN 12 6 g6y7 0 these amazing events At the time when the angel spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11.
DAN 12 7 z28b figs-activepassive 0 the man clothed in linen This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DAN 12 7 s5j3 0 the one who lives forever “God, who lives forever”
DAN 12 7 s5j3 0 the one who lives forever Alternate translation: “God, who lives forever”
DAN 12 7 i56r 0 it would be for a time, times, and half a time It is best to leave it ambiguous as to when this begins. If you must choose a starting point, the three and a half years probably start with the events of [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md).
DAN 12 7 rue1 0 a time, times, and half a time “three and a half years.” These “times” are generally understood to refer to years. One and two and a half equal three and a half.
DAN 12 7 fme6 figs-activepassive 0 all these things will be completed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all these things will have happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -958,15 +958,15 @@ DAN 12 10 k53f figs-activepassive 0 Many will be purified, cleansed, and refine
DAN 12 10 nnz4 0 refined purified by removing anything that does not belong in them
DAN 12 10 b2dg 0 but the wicked will act wickedly The evil people will do evil or sinful things.
DAN 12 10 z62c 0 None of the wicked will understand The evil people can not understand spiritual knowledge.
DAN 12 10 j874 0 but those who are wise will understand “but those who obey Yahweh are wise and will understand”
DAN 12 10 j874 0 but those who are wise will understand Alternate translation: “but those who obey Yahweh are wise and will understand”
DAN 12 11 ux9k figs-explicit 0 the regular burnt offering is … is set up The king of the north is the one who stops the temple sacrifices. Alternate translation: “the king of the North takes away the regular burnt offering and sets up the abomination that causes complete desolation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DAN 12 11 cg65 figs-idiom 0 the abomination that causes complete desolation This refers to an idol that will make the temple desolate, that is, that will cause God to leave his temple. See how you translated this in [Daniel 11:31](../11/31.md). Alternate translation: “the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple” or “the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DAN 12 11 f32x translate-numbers 0 1,290 days “one thousand two and hundred ninety days” or “twelve hundred and ninety days.” Here “days” refers to a period of time. Most commonly rendered as days, but can also imply years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DAN 12 12 f6x5 0 General Information: The angel clothed in linen continues speaking to Daniel.
DAN 12 12 gpx3 0 Blessed is the one who waits “Blessed is the person who waits” or “Blessed is anyone who waits”
DAN 12 12 dy9t 0 who waits “who remains faithful”
DAN 12 12 gpx3 0 Blessed is the one who waits Alternate translation: “Blessed is the person who waits” or “Blessed is anyone who waits”
DAN 12 12 dy9t 0 who waits Alternate translation: “who remains faithful”
DAN 12 12 lqv9 translate-numbers 0 the 1,335 days “one thousand three hundred and thirty-five days” or “thirteen hundred and thirty-five days.” Here “days” is referring to a period of time most commonly rendered as days. However, it can also imply years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DAN 12 13 md7k 0 You must go “Daniel, you must go” This refers to Daniel continuing to live and serve the kings until the appointed time of his death.
DAN 12 13 gv9d figs-euphemism 0 you will rest This is a gentle way of saying “you will die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
DAN 12 13 kjx5 0 You will rise This is referring to the first resurrection of the dead when the righteous people will be raised up.
DAN 12 13 vf3x 0 the place assigned to you “the place God has assigned to you”
DAN 12 13 vf3x 0 the place assigned to you Alternate translation: “the place God has assigned to you”
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# Introduction to Daniel<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Daniel<br><br>1. Daniel and his friends in the court of Nebuchadnezzar (1:1–21)<br>1. Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s first dream (2:1–49)<br>1. Daniel’s friends delivered from the fiery furnace (3:1–30)<br>1. Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s second dream (4:1–37)<br>1. Belshazzar’s feast and the writing on the wall (5:1-31)<br>1. Daniel in the den of lions (6:1–28)<br>1. Daniel’s vision of four beasts (7:1–28)<br>1. Daniel’s vision of a ram and a goat (8:1–27)<br>1. Daniel prays and Gabriel answers (9:1–23)<br>1. Daniel’s vision of seventy weeks (9:24–27)<br>1. Daniel’s vision of a man (10:1–11:1)<br>1. The kings of the south and north (11:2–20)<br>1. An evil king exalts himself (11:21-39)<br>1. The time of the end (11:40–12:13)<br><br>### What is the Book of Daniel about?<br><br>The first part of the Book of Daniel (chapters 1–6) is a narrative about Daniel and his friends. They were young men from Jerusalem who were taken to Babylon as prisoners. These chapters tell how they were faithful to Yahweh while living in a pagan land serving a pagan king. And it tells how God rewarded them because they were faithful.<br><br>The rest of the Book of Daniel is a series of prophetic visions. Chapters 7 and 8 deal with images representing the kingdoms and kings of the major nations. Chapters 9–11 are prophecies and visions about wars and a type of the great enemy of God appearing. Chapter 12 is a vision that describes end times.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The traditional title of this book is “The Book of Daniel” or just “Daniel.” Translators may call it “The Book About Daniel” or “The Book About the Deeds and Visions of Daniel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Daniel?<br><br>Daniel was a Jew who became a Babylonian government official during the exile. He may have written the book himself. Or he may have written the parts of the book and someone else put the parts together at a later time.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Is there a missing week in Daniel’s prophecy?<br><br>Scholars disagree about what may appear to be a missing week in 9:24-27. It is best for translators to allow apparent mysteries such as this to remain in the text. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>### When did the seventy weeks begin?<br><br>The seventy weeks in 9:24-27 began when a decree was issued to rebuild the city of Jerusalem. But there were several decrees that allowed this to happen. Translators do not need to understand how prophecies were or will be fulfilled to translate the text.<br><br>### Who was Darius the Mede?<br><br>Darius the Mede was a Babylonian king who sent Daniel into a den of lions. People have not found his name in history outside of the Book of Daniel. Scholars have tried to explain who Darius was, but they are not certain.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### How does Daniel use the word “king”?<br><br>Many kings are in the Book of Daniel, but not all of the kings ruled over all of Babylon or Persia. Some of the kings may have ruled over regions or cities.<br><br>### How many chapters does Daniel have?<br><br>Daniel has twelve chapters. Some Bible versions include stories called “Bel and the Dragon” and “The Prayer of Azariah.” However, few people think that these stories have the same authority as the rest of scripture. Therefore, there is no need to translate them.
3
DAN
1
intro
p1ev
0
# Daniel 1 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Training for government jobs<br><br>Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were chosen to be trained for service in the Babylonian kingdom. It was not unusual for foreigners to be given positions in the Babylonian government as advisors or cultural ambassadors.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Food laws<br><br>The food from the king included things the Jews were not allowed to eat according to the law of Moses. Daniel requested permission not to eat the king’s food. He proved to the king that this food was not necessary for good health. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
4
DAN
1
1
x9t9
figs-synecdoche
0
Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia
This refers to Nebuchadnezzar and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5
DAN
1
1
cps4
0
to cut off all supplies to it
“to stop the people from receiving any supplies”Alternate translation: “to stop the people from receiving any supplies”
6
DAN
1
1
sxi6
figs-synecdoche
0
Jehoiakim king of Judah
This refers to Jehoiakim and his soldiers, not only to Jehoiakim. Alternate translation: “the army of Jehoiakim king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
7
DAN
1
2
mfr8
figs-synecdoche
0
gave Nebuchadnezzar
This refers to Nebuchadnezzar and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: “gave Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8
DAN
1
2
w31y
0
he gave him
Jehoiakim gave Nebuchadnezzar
14
DAN
1
4
j6vw
figs-litotes
0
without blemish
These two negative words together emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “with perfect appearance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
15
DAN
1
4
ki41
figs-idiom
0
filled with knowledge and understanding
This is an idiom. This means they knew much and could organize and use that information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
16
DAN
1
4
im8m
0
king’s palace
This is the large house or building where the king lives.
17
DAN
1
4
gg5x
0
He was to teach them
“Ashpenaz was to teach them”Alternate translation: “Ashpenaz was to teach them”
18
DAN
1
5
v9dg
figs-metonymy
0
The king counted out for them
The king’s officials did this task for him. Alternate translation: “The king’s officials counted out for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
19
DAN
1
5
vq2i
0
his delicacies
the special, rare, good foods that the king ate
20
DAN
1
5
ex12
figs-activepassive
0
These young men were to be trained
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Ashpenaz was to train these young men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
“Among the young men from Israel”Alternate translation: “Among the young men from Israel”
23
DAN
1
7
k7uc
0
The chief official
This refers to Ashpenaz who was King Nebuchadnezzar’s highest official.
24
DAN
1
7
b656
translate-names
0
Belteshazzar … Shadrach … Meshach … Abednego
These are all men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
25
DAN
1
8
s7sr
figs-synecdoche
0
Daniel intended in his mind
Here “mind” refers to Daniel himself. Alternate translation: “Daniel decided to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
38
DAN
1
19
u1am
figs-litotes
0
among the whole group there were none to compare with Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah
This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah pleased him much more than anyone else in the whole group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
39
DAN
1
19
e2m3
0
Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah
These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:6](../01/06.md).
40
DAN
1
20
f5x8
figs-hyperbole
0
ten times better
Here “ten times” is an exaggeration representing great quality. Alternate translation: “much better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
41
DAN
1
21
jhp9
0
the first year of King Cyrus
“the first year that King Cyrus ruled Babylon”Alternate translation: “the first year that King Cyrus ruled Babylon”
42
DAN
2
intro
epd5
0
# Daniel 2 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in Daniel’s prayer in 2:20-23.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The king’s dream<br><br>Daniel told the king’s dream and what the dream meant. In the ancient Near East, it was believed that only people in touch with the gods could interpret dreams. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br><br>### How Daniel knew the dream<br><br>Daniel gave Yahweh the honor for having told him the dream and its meaning in answer to the prayers of the four men.
43
DAN
2
1
mns5
translate-ordinal
0
In the second year
“In year two” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
44
DAN
2
1
xtc6
0
he had dreams
“Nebuchadnezzar had dreams”Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar had dreams”
45
DAN
2
1
xw34
figs-metonymy
0
His mind was troubled
Here “mind” refers to his thoughts. Alternate translation: “His thoughts disturbed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
46
DAN
2
1
g67b
0
and he could not sleep
His troubled thoughts prevented him from sleeping. Alternate translation: “so that he could not sleep”
47
DAN
2
2
zsv7
0
Then the king summoned the magicians
“Then the king called the magicians”Alternate translation: “Then the king called the magicians”
48
DAN
2
2
a7yh
0
the dead
“people who had died”Alternate translation: “people who had died”
49
DAN
2
2
n5gn
0
they came in
“they came into the palace”Alternate translation: “they came into the palace”
50
DAN
2
2
x5f6
0
stood before
“stood in front of”Alternate translation: “stood in front of”
51
DAN
2
3
q4dv
figs-synecdoche
0
my mind is anxious
Here “mind” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “I am anxious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
52
DAN
2
3
wvg5
0
anxious
“troubled”Alternate translation: “troubled”
53
DAN
2
4
k6f2
translate-names
0
Aramaic
This is the language that people in Babylon spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
54
DAN
2
4
b8zx
0
King, live forever!
The men probably said this to show the king that they were loyal to him. Alternate translation: “King, we hope you will live forever!”
55
DAN
2
4
n36i
0
us, your servants
The men called themselves the king’s servants to show him respect.
59
DAN
2
6
xv1k
figs-activepassive
0
you will receive gifts from me
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will give you gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
60
DAN
2
7
ux2h
figs-123person
0
Let the king tell us
The wise men addressed the king in the third person as a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
61
DAN
2
8
h6gf
figs-metaphor
0
you see how firm my decision is about this
A decision that will not be changed is spoken of as something firm. Alternate translation: “you see that I will not change my decision about this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
62
DAN
2
9
ef89
0
there is only one sentence for you
“there is only one punishment for you”Alternate translation: “there is only one punishment for you”
63
DAN
2
9
xj29
figs-doublet
0
false and deceptive words
These two words mean approximately the same thing and emphasize that these are “lies intended to deceive.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
64
DAN
2
10
m1jc
figs-doublet
0
great and powerful
These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of the king’s power. Alternate translation: “most powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
65
DAN
2
11
n99m
figs-litotes
0
there is no one who can tell it to the king except the gods
This is stated in negative form for emphasis. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “only the gods can tell this to the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
66
DAN
2
12
xu8y
figs-doublet
0
angry and very furious
These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: “incredibly angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
67
DAN
2
12
y1cf
0
all those in Babylon
“all the men in Babylon”Alternate translation: “all the men in Babylon”
68
DAN
2
13
w1hk
figs-personification
0
So the decree went out
The decree is spoken of as if it was alive and able to go out by itself. Alternate translation: “So the king issued a command” or “So the king gave a command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
69
DAN
2
13
m5cr
figs-activepassive
0
all those who were known for their wisdom were to be put to death
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the soldiers were to kill all of the men who were known for their wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
70
DAN
2
13
d4wp
figs-activepassive
0
so they could be put to death
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “in order to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
71
DAN
2
14
fm3n
figs-doublet
0
prudence and discretion
These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of his prudence. Alternate translation: “caution and careful judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
72
DAN
2
14
cj8p
translate-names
0
Arioch
This is the name of the king’s commander. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
73
DAN
2
14
a4fa
0
bodyguard
This is a group of men whose job is to protect the king.
74
DAN
2
14
y853
0
who had come to kill
“who the king had sent out to kill”Alternate translation: “who the king had sent out to kill”
75
DAN
2
16
ju9k
figs-explicit
0
Daniel went in
Daniel probably went to the palace. Alternate translation: “Daniel went to the palace” or “Daniel went to talk with the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
76
DAN
2
16
jl4r
0
requested an appointment with the king
“asked for a set time to meet with the king”Alternate translation: “asked for a set time to meet with the king”
77
DAN
2
17
bbc8
0
his house
This is referring to Daniel’s house.
78
DAN
2
17
ijt3
0
what had happened
“about the king’s decree”Alternate translation: “about the king’s decree”
79
DAN
2
18
uh7c
0
He urged them to seek mercy
“He begged them to pray for mercy”Alternate translation: “He begged them to pray for mercy”
80
DAN
2
18
yhz1
figs-activepassive
0
so that he and they might not be killed
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that the king would not kill them” or “so that the king’s bodyguard would not kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
81
DAN
2
19
nq22
figs-activepassive
0
That night the mystery was revealed
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “That night God revealed the mystery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
82
DAN
2
19
s94i
0
the mystery
This is referring to the king’s dream and its meaning.
83
DAN
2
20
e8z9
figs-metonymy
0
Praise the name of God
Here “name” refers to God himself. Alternate translation: “Praise God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
84
DAN
2
21
p54i
0
General Information:
These verses are also part of Daniel’s prayer.
85
DAN
2
21
xy7w
0
he removes kings
“he takes away kings’ authority to rule”Alternate translation: “he takes away kings’ authority to rule”
86
DAN
2
21
k348
figs-metonymy
0
places kings on their thrones
Here being on the “throne” refers to ruling over a kingdom. Alternate translation: “makes new kings rule over their kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
87
DAN
2
22
v5bq
0
the light lives with him
“the light comes from where God is”Alternate translation: “the light comes from where God is”
88
DAN
2
23
e5yc
figs-123person
0
General Information:
This verse is also part of Daniel’s prayer. He stops addressing God in the third person and switches to the more personal second person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
89
DAN
2
23
b3ga
0
made known to me what we asked of you
“told me what my friends and I asked you to tell us”Alternate translation: “told me what my friends and I asked you to tell us”
90
DAN
2
23
x268
0
made known to us the matter that concerns the king
“told us what the king wants to know”Alternate translation: “told us what the king wants to know”
91
DAN
2
24
le8h
translate-names
0
Arioch
This is the name of the king’s commander. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 2:14](../02/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
92
DAN
2
24
fs73
0
everyone who was wise
“the wise men”Alternate translation: “the wise men”
93
DAN
2
26
z3qq
translate-names
0
Belteshazzar
This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
94
DAN
2
27
b59r
figs-activepassive
0
The mystery that the king has asked about … not by astrologers
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Those who have wisdom, those who claim to speak with the dead, magicians, and astrologers cannot reveal the mystery about which the king has asked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
95
DAN
2
27
r8dh
0
The mystery that the king has asked about
This phrase refers to the king’s dream.
99
DAN
2
30
qk3n
figs-activepassive
0
This mystery was revealed to me so that you
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He revealed the mystery to me so that you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
100
DAN
2
30
ca22
figs-synecdoche
0
know the thoughts deep within you
This phrase is using the word “you” referring to the person’s mind. Alternate translation: “know the thoughts deep inside your mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
101
DAN
2
31
c17n
0
General Information:
Daniel continues talking to the king.
102
DAN
2
32
qp26
0
was made of fine gold
“was of fine gold” or “was fine gold”Alternate translation: “was of fine gold” or “was fine gold”
103
DAN
2
33
n7d7
0
were made partly of iron and partly of clay
“were partly of iron and partly of clay” or “were partly iron and partly clay”Alternate translation: “were partly of iron and partly of clay” or “were partly iron and partly clay”
104
DAN
2
34
upd5
0
General Information:
Daniel continues talking to the king.
105
DAN
2
34
e77j
figs-activepassive
0
a stone was cut out, although not by human hands, and it
This can be stated in active form if it is divided into two sentences. Alternate translation: “someone cut a stone from a mountain, but it was not a human who cut it. The stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
106
DAN
2
35
si32
figs-simile
0
like the chaff of the threshing floors in the summer
This phrase is comparing the pieces of the statue to small and light things which could be blown away by the wind. Alternate translation: “like dry pieces of grass blowing away in the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
107
DAN
2
35
fe57
figs-litotes
0
there was no trace of them left
This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “they were completely gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
108
DAN
2
35
nfy2
0
filled the whole earth
“spread over the whole earth”Alternate translation: “spread over the whole earth”
109
DAN
2
36
b8tq
0
General Information:
Daniel continues talking to the king.
110
DAN
2
36
utl6
figs-pronouns
0
Now we will tell the king
Here “we” refers only to Daniel. He may have used to plural form in humility to avoid taking credit for knowing the meaning of the dream that God had revealed to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
111
DAN
2
37
e2xg
0
king of the kings
“the most important king” or “a king who rules over other kings”Alternate translation: “the most important king” or “a king who rules over other kings”
112
DAN
2
37
gfj7
figs-doublet
0
the power, the strength
These words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
113
DAN
2
38
lz1m
figs-metonymy
0
He has given into your hand the place
Here “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “He has given you control over the place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
114
DAN
2
38
ed9h
figs-metonymy
0
the place where the human beings live
The place is used to represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the people of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
123
DAN
2
40
q2dl
translate-ordinal
0
There will be a fourth kingdom
“There will be a kingdom number four” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
124
DAN
2
40
d7bf
figs-simile
0
strong as iron
The fourth kingdom is spoken of as being as strong as iron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
125
DAN
2
40
rjj2
writing-symlanguage
0
It will shatter all these things and crush them
This symbolic language means the fourth kingdom will defeat and replace the other kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
126
DAN
2
40
qn2j
0
all these things
“the previous kingdoms”Alternate translation: “the previous kingdoms”
127
DAN
2
41
y27x
0
General Information:
Daniel continues talking to the king.
128
DAN
2
41
lp4z
0
Just as you saw
Nebuchadnezzar saw that the feet consisted of clay and iron. He did not see the process of making the feet.
129
DAN
2
41
bc2q
figs-activepassive
0
were partly made of baked clay and partly made of iron
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “were a mixture of baked clay and iron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
130
DAN
2
43
c3hf
0
they will not stay together
“they will not remain united”Alternate translation: “they will not remain united”
131
DAN
2
44
zd8x
0
General Information:
Daniel continues talking to the king.
132
DAN
2
44
fan9
0
In the days of those kings
Here “those kings” refers to the rulers of the kingdoms symbolized by the different parts of the statue.
133
DAN
2
44
d96c
figs-activepassive
0
that will never be destroyed, nor will it be conquered by another people
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one will ever destroy, and that another people never conquer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
135
DAN
2
45
xc85
0
reliable
trustworthy and correct
136
DAN
2
46
hb4s
translate-symaction
0
fell on his face
This symbolic act showed that the king was honoring Daniel. Alternate translation: “lay down with his face on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
137
DAN
2
46
xf46
figs-activepassive
0
an offering be made and that incense be offered up to him
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his servants make an offering and offer up incense to Daniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
138
DAN
2
47
jz9s
0
Truly your God
“It is true that your God”Alternate translation: “It is true that your God”
139
DAN
2
47
q3ru
0
the God of gods, the Lord of kings
“greater than all the other gods, and King over all other kings”Alternate translation: “greater than all the other gods, and King over all other kings”
140
DAN
2
47
ifr1
0
the one who reveals mysteries
Translate “the one who reveals mysteries” as in [Daniel 2:29](../02/29.md).
141
DAN
2
47
h6md
0
to reveal this mystery
“to reveal the mystery of my dream”Alternate translation: “to reveal the mystery of my dream”
142
DAN
2
48
lz5p
0
He made him ruler
“The king made Daniel the ruler”Alternate translation: “The king made Daniel the ruler”
143
DAN
2
49
pp5r
0
Shadrach … Meshach … Abednego
These were the Babylonian names of the three Jewish men who were brought to Babylon with Daniel. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md)
144
DAN
3
intro
fc6f
0
# Daniel 3 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The king’s new idol<br><br>Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego refused to worship the new idol. In the ancient Near East, refusing to worship the king was a sign of rebellion against the king. It was often considered the crime of treason. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]])<br><br>### The furnace<br><br>There was a fourth person with them in the furnace, and because of this they were not hurt. Most scholars believe this to be Jesus before he was born.
145
DAN
3
1
vj2c
figs-metonymy
0
Nebuchadnezzar made a gold statue … He set it up
Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to make a gold statue … They set it up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
174
DAN
3
11
p2l2
0
blazing furnace
This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
175
DAN
3
12
in2b
0
affairs
matters having to do with government
176
DAN
3
12
anm2
0
Shadrach … Meshach … Abednego
These are the Babylonian names of the three Jewish friends of Daniel. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md).
177
DAN
3
12
ejy1
0
pay no attention to you
“do not pay attention to you”Alternate translation: “do not pay attention to you”
178
DAN
3
12
e3hs
translate-symaction
0
prostrate themselves
They would do this to worship the statue. Alternate translation: “stretch themselves out on the ground face down in worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
179
DAN
3
12
a7m8
figs-metonymy
0
the golden statue you have set up
Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the golden statue your men have set up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
180
DAN
3
13
z18y
figs-metaphor
0
filled with anger and rage
Nebuchadnezzar’s anger and rage were so intense that they are spoken of as if they had filled him up. Here “anger” and “rage” mean about the same thing and are used to emphasize how upset the king was. Alternate translation: “extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
185
DAN
3
15
kak3
0
the horns, flutes … and pipes
These are musical instruments. See how you translated this list in [Daniel 3:5](../03/05.md).
186
DAN
3
15
l9el
0
fall down
Here “fall down” means “quickly lie down”
187
DAN
3
15
ws27
translate-symaction
0
prostrate yourselves to
stretch yourselves out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
188
DAN
3
15
vth1
0
all will be well
“there will no longer be a problem” or “you will be free to go”Alternate translation: “there will no longer be a problem” or “you will be free to go”
189
DAN
3
15
td6r
figs-metonymy
0
the statue that I have made
Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the statue that my men have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
190
DAN
3
15
gz3y
figs-activepassive
0
you will immediately be thrown into a blazing furnace
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “my soldiers will immediately throw you into a blazing furnace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
191
DAN
3
15
sl8a
0
blazing furnace
This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
193
DAN
3
15
hw83
figs-metonymy
0
out of my hands
Here “hands” refers to power to punish. Alternate translation: “from my punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
194
DAN
3
17
d2kc
0
blazing furnace
This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
195
DAN
3
17
sj5q
figs-metonymy
0
out of your hand
Here “hand” refers to power to punish. Alternate translation: “from your punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
196
DAN
3
18
mc1d
0
But if not, let it be known to you, king, that
“But king, we must let you know that even if our God does not rescue us”Alternate translation: “But king, we must let you know that even if our God does not rescue us”
197
DAN
3
18
p84a
translate-symaction
0
prostrate ourselves to
People would do this to worship their gods. Alternate translation: “stretch ourselves out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
198
DAN
3
18
iq7t
figs-metonymy
0
the golden statue you set up
Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the golden statue your men set up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
199
DAN
3
19
bt7k
figs-metaphor
0
Nebuchadnezzar was filled with rage
The king was so angry that rage is spoken of as if it were filling him up. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar became extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
201
DAN
3
21
r7tt
0
turbans
A turban is a head covering made of wrapped cloth.
202
DAN
3
21
xya5
0
blazing furnace
This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
203
DAN
3
22
v2v9
figs-activepassive
0
Because the king’s command was strictly followed
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Because the men did exactly what the king commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
204
DAN
3
24
kzd8
0
Did we not throw three men tied up into the fire
“We threw three men tied up into the fire, right”Alternate translation: “We threw three men tied up into the fire, right”
205
DAN
3
25
gy5s
translate-ordinal
0
The brilliance of the fourth is like a son of the gods
The gods were believed to shine brightly with light. Alternate translation: “Man four is shining brightly with light as a son of the gods would shine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
206
DAN
3
27
ru5i
0
The provincial governors, regional governors, other governors
These are officials who have authority over different sizes of territory. See how you translated these in [Daniel 3:2](../03/02.md).
207
DAN
3
27
g7e8
figs-activepassive
0
the hair on their heads was not singed
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the fire had not singed the hair on their heads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
208
DAN
3
27
jr79
0
was not singed
“was not burned even a little”Alternate translation: “was not burned even a little”
209
DAN
3
27
nuu7
figs-activepassive
0
their robes were not harmed
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the fire did not harm their robes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
210
DAN
3
27
hv4b
0
there was no smell of fire on them
“they did not smell like fire”Alternate translation: “they did not smell like fire”
211
DAN
3
28
x5ha
figs-metaphor
0
they set aside my command
Not obeying the king’s command is spoken of as if they had physically moved it away from them. Alternate translation: “they ignored my command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
212
DAN
3
28
uld8
figs-idiom
0
they gave up their bodies
This phrase refers to the three men’s willingness to die for what they believed. Alternate translation: “they were willing to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
213
DAN
3
28
iz7q
translate-symaction
0
prostrate themselves to
People would do this to worship their gods. Alternate translation: “stretch themselves out on the ground face down in honor of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
214
DAN
3
28
s95d
0
any god except their God
“any other god except their God”Alternate translation: “any other god except their God”
215
DAN
3
29
pnl6
figs-activepassive
0
any people, nation, or language … must be torn apart, and that their houses must be made into rubbish heaps
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “my servants will tear apart any people, nation, or language … and make their houses into piles of garbage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
216
DAN
3
29
h7gq
figs-metonymy
0
any people, nation, or language that speaks
Here “nations” and “language” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “any people from any nation, or those who speak any language that says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
217
DAN
3
29
qb3c
0
speaks anything against the God
“speaks words that do not respect the God”Alternate translation: “speaks words that do not respect the God”
218
DAN
3
29
t5vb
0
must be torn apart
“must have their bodies torn apart”Alternate translation: “must have their bodies torn apart”
219
DAN
3
29
lw5h
0
there is no other god who is able to save like this
This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “only their God is able to save like this”
220
DAN
4
intro
du52
0
# Daniel 4 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 4:3 and 4:34-35.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The king becomes insane<br><br>The king became insane until he realized that Yahweh was the ruler over everyone, including him.
221
DAN
4
1
s72g
figs-123person
0
General Information:
In this chapter, Nebuchadnezzar tells what God did to him. In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. Verses 19-33 switch to the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. Verses 34-37 change back to first person as Nebuchadnezzar describes his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
231
DAN
4
4
zv52
figs-doublet
0
my house … my palace
These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
232
DAN
4
5
fmk5
figs-doublet
0
a dream … the images … the visions
These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
233
DAN
4
5
u6n6
figs-parallelism
0
made me afraid … troubled me
These phrases are parallel and they mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
234
DAN
4
6
ep7g
0
all the men of Babylon who had wisdom
“all the wise men of Babylon”Alternate translation: “all the wise men of Babylon”
235
DAN
4
7
l5u7
figs-123person
0
General Information:
In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
236
DAN
4
8
aej3
figs-activepassive
0
who is named Belteshazzar
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who I named Belteshazzar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
237
DAN
4
8
dhx3
0
Belteshazzar
This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md).
238
DAN
4
9
x1x7
0
no mystery is too difficult for you
The can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you understand the meaning of every mystery”
239
DAN
4
10
vz2b
figs-123person
0
General Information:
In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
240
DAN
4
10
ra4y
0
sights
things that you see
241
DAN
4
10
h4t8
0
its height was very great
“it was very tall”Alternate translation: “it was very tall”
242
DAN
4
11
w5t1
writing-symlanguage
0
Its top reached to the heavens … it could be seen to the ends of the whole earth
This is symbolic language that exaggerates how tall and how well-known the tree was. Alternate translation: “It seemed that its top reached up to the sky and that everyone in the world could see it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
243
DAN
4
12
c94i
0
its fruit was abundant
“there was a lot of fruit on the tree”Alternate translation: “there was a lot of fruit on the tree”
244
DAN
4
12
bvq7
0
was food for all
“was food for all people and animals”Alternate translation: “was food for all people and animals”
245
DAN
4
13
s8rq
figs-123person
0
General Information:
In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
246
DAN
4
13
mze4
0
I saw in my mind
This refers to seeing a dream or vision. Alternate translation: “I saw in my dream”
247
DAN
4
14
l1nv
figs-explicit
0
He shouted and said
It can be made clear that the holy messenger was speaking to more than one person. Alternate translation: “He shouted to some people and said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
248
DAN
4
14
rd55
0
Let the animals flee … from its branches
“The animals will flee from under it and the bird will fly away from its branches”Alternate translation: “The animals will flee from under it and the bird will fly away from its branches”
249
DAN
4
15
h8je
figs-123person
0
General Information:
In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. The holy messenger in the vision continues shouting to some people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
250
DAN
4
15
eb7u
0
stump of its roots
This is the part of the tree that is left above the ground after a tree is cut down.
251
DAN
4
15
e8lj
0
dew
the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings
253
DAN
4
17
k6kq
figs-123person
0
General Information:
In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
254
DAN
4
17
j1fe
figs-activepassive
0
It is a decision made by the holy ones
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The holy ones have made this decision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
255
DAN
4
17
m2np
figs-explicit
0
the holy ones
This phrase probably refers to angels. Alternate translation: “the holy angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
256
DAN
4
17
y8ih
0
those who are alive
“every living person” or “everyone”Alternate translation: “every living person” or “everyone”
257
DAN
4
17
aas5
0
gives them
“gives the kingdoms”Alternate translation: “gives the kingdoms”
258
DAN
4
18
kjd4
0
Belteshazzar
This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md).
259
DAN
4
18
jr6i
0
you are able to do so
“you are able to interpret it”Alternate translation: “you are able to interpret it”
260
DAN
4
18
pl5q
0
the spirit of the holy gods
Nebuchadnezzar believed that Daniel’s power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. These are not the same as “the holy ones” in verse 17. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md).
261
DAN
4
19
n8fk
figs-123person
0
General Information:
Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
262
DAN
4
19
u9rc
figs-activepassive
0
who was also named Belteshazzar
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who I also named Belteshazzar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
265
DAN
4
20
vj36
figs-123person
0
General Information:
Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]). Many terms in this verse are almost the same as in [Daniel 4:11](../04/11.md). See how you translated that verse.
266
DAN
4
20
x69s
figs-hyperbole
0
to the heavens … to the ends of the whole earth
These phrases are exaggerations to emphasize that everyone everywhere knew how great Nebuchadnezzar was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
267
DAN
4
21
mm9p
0
General Information:
Many terms in this verse are almost the same as [Daniel 4:12](../04/12.md). See how you translated that verse.
268
DAN
4
21
rfj9
0
whose fruit was abundant
“which bore a great amount of fruit”Alternate translation: “which bore a great amount of fruit”
269
DAN
4
22
uq3h
0
this tree is you, king
“this tree represents you, king”Alternate translation: “this tree represents you, king”
270
DAN
4
22
gfs2
figs-parallelism
0
Your greatness has grown … your authority reaches
These two phrases mean similar things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
271
DAN
4
22
s8jt
figs-personification
0
Your greatness has grown
This phrase is using the word “grown” as a way of saying the king’s greatness has increased. Alternate translation: “Your greatness has increased” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
272
DAN
4
23
w9s5
figs-123person
0
General Information:
This verse is almost the same as [Daniel 4:13-14](./13.md) and [Daniel 4:15-16](./15.md). See how you translated those verses. Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
273
DAN
4
23
c89t
0
the stump of its roots
This is the part of the tree that is left above ground after a tree is cut down.
274
DAN
4
23
i27p
0
in the middle of the tender grass of the field
“surrounded by the tender grass of the field”Alternate translation: “surrounded by the tender grass of the field”
275
DAN
4
23
bx4z
0
dew
the moisture that settles on the ground in the mornings
276
DAN
4
24
f3tz
0
that has reached you
“that you have heard”Alternate translation: “that you have heard”
277
DAN
4
25
fd8s
figs-activepassive
0
You will be driven from among men
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Men will drive you away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
278
DAN
4
25
gq52
figs-activepassive
0
You will be made to eat grass
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will eat grass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
279
DAN
4
26
fgn1
figs-123person
0
General Information:
Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
286
DAN
4
29
jn5h
figs-123person
0
General Information:
Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
Is this not the great Babylon … for the glory of my majesty?
Nebuchadnezzar asks this question to emphasize his own glory. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is the great Babylon … for the glory of my majesty!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
289
DAN
4
30
csl9
0
for the glory of my majesty
“to show people my honor and my greatness”Alternate translation: “to show people my honor and my greatness”
290
DAN
4
31
g7xg
figs-123person
0
General Information:
Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
291
DAN
4
31
fjl7
figs-idiom
0
While the words were still on the lips of the king
This idiom means the king was still in the act of speaking. Alternate translation: “While the king was still speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
292
DAN
4
31
cv67
0
a voice came from heaven
“he heard a voice from heaven”Alternate translation: “he heard a voice from heaven”
293
DAN
4
31
pt4u
figs-activepassive
0
King Nebuchadnezzar … has been taken away from you
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “King Nebuchadnezzar, a decree went out against you that this kingdom no longer belongs to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
294
DAN
4
32
f4us
figs-activepassive
0
You will be driven away from people
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will chase you away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
295
DAN
4
32
m551
0
anyone he wishes
“whoever he chooses”Alternate translation: “whoever he chooses”
296
DAN
4
33
ydj8
figs-123person
0
General Information:
Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
297
DAN
4
33
xpp3
figs-activepassive
0
This decree against Nebuchadnezzar was carried out immediately
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “This decree against Nebuchadnezzar happened immediately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
298
DAN
4
33
chd6
figs-activepassive
0
He was driven away from people
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People chased him away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
299
DAN
4
33
t4b6
0
his nails became like birds’ claws
“his fingernails looked like birds’ claws”Alternate translation: “his fingernails looked like birds’ claws”
300
DAN
4
34
amm1
figs-123person
0
General Information:
In verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
301
DAN
4
34
b17l
0
At the end of the days
This refers back to the seven years in [Daniel 4:32](../04/32.md).
302
DAN
4
34
ltf5
figs-activepassive
0
my sanity was given back to me
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “my sanity came back to me” or “I became sane again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
304
DAN
4
34
nk8u
figs-parallelism
0
For his reign is an everlasting reign … his kingdom endures from all generations to all generations
These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasize how God’s reign never ends. Alternate translation: “He rules forever and his kingdom will never end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
305
DAN
4
35
ce6u
figs-123person
0
General Information:
In verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
306
DAN
4
35
dgr8
figs-activepassive
0
All the earth’s inhabitants are considered by him to be as nothing
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He considers all the earth’s inhabitants as nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
307
DAN
4
35
cpy8
0
All the earth’s inhabitants
“All the people on the earth”Alternate translation: “All the people on the earth”
308
DAN
4
35
p415
0
the army of heaven
“the angel armies in heaven”Alternate translation: “the angel armies in heaven”
309
DAN
4
35
zpn8
0
whatever suits his will
“whatever satisfies his purpose” or “anything he wants to do”Alternate translation: “whatever satisfies his purpose” or “anything he wants to do”
310
DAN
4
35
im6k
figs-explicit
0
No one can stop him
It may be helpful to add additional detail. Alternate translation: “When he decides to do something, no one can stop him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
311
DAN
4
35
ebf8
figs-quotations
0
No one can say to him, ‘Why have you done this?’
This can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “No one can question what he does.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
312
DAN
4
36
m6m5
figs-123person
0
General Information:
In verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
313
DAN
4
36
rz1d
figs-personification
0
my sanity returned to me
Here his sanity is spoken of as if it was able to return by its own power. Alternate translation: “I became sane again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
314
DAN
4
36
pb8a
figs-personification
0
my majesty and splendor returned to me
Here his majesty and splendor are spoken of as if they were able to return by their own power. Alternate translation: “I regained my majesty and my splendor again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
315
DAN
4
36
nq38
figs-doublet
0
majesty and splendor
These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of his glory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
316
DAN
4
36
c3xy
0
my noblemen sought my favor
“my noblemen requested my help again”Alternate translation: “my noblemen requested my help again”
317
DAN
4
36
ks6b
figs-metonymy
0
I was brought … greatness was given to me
Here “throne” refers to his authority to rule. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I returned to rule my kingdom again, and I received even more greatness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
318
DAN
4
37
zgl2
figs-doublet
0
praise, extol, and honor
All three of these words have basically the same meaning and emphasize how greatly he praised God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
319
DAN
4
37
g1df
figs-idiom
0
who walk in their own pride
This phrase uses “walk” to refer to the person who acts proud. Alternate translation: “who are proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
320
DAN
5
intro
e9pc
0
# Daniel 5 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The writing on the wall<br><br>God told the new king that he had failed and God was replacing him, showing that God is the real ruler over everything, even kingdoms that do not worship him.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>### Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin<br>These are words in Aramaic. Daniel “transliterates” these words by writing them with Hebrew letters, and then he explains their meanings. In the ULT and UST they are written with English letters. Translators are encouraged to write them using the letters of the target language alphabet.
321
DAN
5
1
cc4z
translate-names
0
Belshazzar
This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
“he drank wine in the presence of”Alternate translation: “he drank wine in the presence of”
324
DAN
5
2
cz6e
figs-activepassive
0
the containers made of gold or silver
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the gold or silver containers that the Israelites had made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
325
DAN
5
2
gsi3
0
containers
These were cups and other items that were small enough for a person to hold and to drink from them.
326
DAN
5
2
lad2
figs-metonymy
0
Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken
Here “Nebuchadnezzar” refers to Nebuchadnezzar’s army. Alternate translation: “his father Nebuchadnezzar’s army” or “the army of Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
327
DAN
5
3
i1zm
figs-activepassive
0
the gold containers that had been taken out of the temple
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the gold containers that the army of Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
328
DAN
5
3
msp6
0
out of the temple, the house of God
“out of God’s temple.” The phrase “the house of God” tells us something more about the temple.
329
DAN
5
5
lkd1
0
At that moment
“As soon as they did that” or “Suddenly”Alternate translation: “As soon as they did that” or “Suddenly”
330
DAN
5
5
cra1
0
plaster
cement or mud that is spread on walls or ceilings to give them a smooth hard surface when it dries
331
DAN
5
6
jn25
0
the king’s face changed
“his face became pale.” This was caused by his fear.
332
DAN
5
6
gbd6
0
his limbs
“his legs”Alternate translation: “his legs”
333
DAN
5
6
iee9
0
his knees were knocking together
This was the result of his extreme fear.
334
DAN
5
7
gz5c
0
those known for their wisdom in Babylon
This refers back to those who claimed to speak with the dead, the wise men, and the astrologers.
335
DAN
5
7
ybp9
figs-activepassive
0
Whoever explains this writing and its meaning will be clothed with purple and will have a gold chain around his neck
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will give purple clothes and a gold neck chain to whoever explains this writing and its meaning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
340
DAN
5
9
w9st
0
perplexed
unable to understand, confused
341
DAN
5
10
rw3v
0
the queen
Some modern versions understand this to be a reference to the queen mother, that is, to the king’s mother. The queen mother received much honor in ancient Babylon.
342
DAN
5
10
x55i
0
King, live forever!
This was a normal way to greet the king.
343
DAN
5
10
zq7c
0
Do not let the look on your face change
“There is no need for your face to look so pale”Alternate translation: “There is no need for your face to look so pale”
344
DAN
5
11
bql4
0
the spirit of the holy gods
The queen believed that Daniel’s power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md).
345
DAN
5
11
c4n6
0
In the days of your father
“When your father was ruling”Alternate translation: “When your father was ruling”
346
DAN
5
11
ss1z
figs-activepassive
0
light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods was found in him
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he had light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
347
DAN
5
11
jg2l
0
King Nebuchadnezzar, your father the king
“Your father, King Nebuchadnezzar”Alternate translation: “Your father, King Nebuchadnezzar”
348
DAN
5
12
n7wa
figs-activepassive
0
these qualities were found in this man Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “this same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar, had all of these qualities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
349
DAN
5
12
b8d3
figs-activepassive
0
what has been written
“what has been written on the wall.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what the hand wrote on the wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
350
DAN
5
13
hn7g
figs-activepassive
0
Then Daniel was brought before the king
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then they brought Daniel before the king” or “Then the soldiers brought Daniel before the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
352
DAN
5
14
yxu5
0
the spirit of the gods
Belshazzar believed that Daniel’s power came from the false gods that Belshazzar worshiped. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md).
353
DAN
5
14
y4ey
figs-activepassive
0
light and understanding and excellent wisdom are found in you
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have light and understanding and excellent wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
354
DAN
5
15
c33v
figs-activepassive
0
Now the men known … have been brought in before me
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Now the men known … have come in before me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
355
DAN
5
15
u817
0
make known to me
“tell me”Alternate translation: “tell me”
356
DAN
5
16
u2ey
figs-activepassive
0
you will be clothed with purple and have a gold chain placed around your neck
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will give you purple clothes and a gold neck chain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
357
DAN
5
16
iyy2
figs-explicit
0
clothed with purple
Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. Alternate translation: “dressed in royal clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
358
DAN
5
16
pud4
translate-ordinal
0
the third highest ruler
“the number three ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
359
DAN
5
17
evt4
0
Let your gifts be for yourself, and
“I do not want your gifts, so”Alternate translation: “I do not want your gifts, so”
360
DAN
5
19
l2ng
figs-hyperbole
0
all peoples, nations, and languages
This phrase uses the word “all” as a generalization that represents a large number. Alternate translation: “a great number of people, of different nations and languages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
361
DAN
5
19
q693
figs-metonymy
0
peoples, nations, and languages
Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who speak different languages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
362
DAN
5
19
bqb5
figs-doublet
0
trembled and feared him
These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of the fear. Alternate translation: “were very afraid of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
363
DAN
5
19
ka6v
figs-metonymy
0
He put to death those he wanted to die
This phrase does not mean King Nebuchadnezzar put people to death himself, but rather those he commanded. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar commanded his soldiers to kill those he wanted to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
364
DAN
5
19
t7ri
0
He raised up those he wanted
“He raised up those he wanted to raise up”Alternate translation: “He raised up those he wanted to raise up”
365
DAN
5
19
qzi2
0
wanted … wished
These words here mean the same thing.
366
DAN
5
19
db8z
0
he humbled those he wished
“he humbled those he wished to humble”Alternate translation: “he humbled those he wished to humble”
367
DAN
5
20
zu9p
figs-synecdoche
0
his heart was arrogant
Here “heart” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “the king was arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
368
DAN
5
20
g3wq
figs-synecdoche
0
his spirit was hardened
Here “spirit” refers to the king himself. His stubbornness is spoken of as if he were hardened. Alternate translation: “the king became stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
369
DAN
5
20
w2tx
0
presumptuously
rudely and overly confident
371
DAN
5
21
sl3g
figs-activepassive
0
He was driven away from humanity
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people chased him away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
372
DAN
5
21
v3b5
figs-metonymy
0
he had the mind of an animal
Here “mind” represents his thoughts. Alternate translation: “he thought as an animal thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
373
DAN
5
21
amq8
0
dew
the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings
374
DAN
5
21
m4na
0
anyone he wishes
“whomever he chooses”Alternate translation: “whomever he chooses”
375
DAN
5
22
z72q
translate-names
0
Belshazzar
This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
376
DAN
5
22
ij2g
figs-synecdoche
0
have not humbled your heart
Here “heart” refers to Belshazzar himself. Alternate translation: “have not humbled yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
377
DAN
5
23
fmz3
figs-metaphor
0
You have lifted yourself up against the Lord
To rebel against God is spoken of as raising oneself up against him. Alternate translation: “You have rebelled against the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
378
DAN
5
23
qc6h
figs-explicit
0
From his house
What and where “his house” is can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “From his temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
379
DAN
5
23
kj78
figs-metonymy
0
God who holds your breath in his hand
Here “breath” refers to life and “hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “God who gives you breath” or “God who has control over your entire life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
380
DAN
5
23
th44
0
all your ways
“everything you do”Alternate translation: “everything you do”
381
DAN
5
24
i8fs
figs-activepassive
0
this writing was done
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it wrote this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
382
DAN
5
25
rcy6
figs-activepassive
0
This is the writing that was done
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “This is the message that the hand wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
383
DAN
5
25
ea1k
translate-transliterate
0
Mene, Mene, Tekel, and Pharsin
These are the Aramaic words that were written on the wall. Spell these words with the sounds that fit your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
384
DAN
5
26
tg8v
0
‘Mene,’ ‘God has numbered
“‘Mene’ means ‘God has numbered”Alternate translation: “‘Mene’ means ‘God has numbered”
385
DAN
5
27
q5iv
0
‘Tekel,’ ‘you are weighed
“‘Tekel’ means ‘you are weighed”Alternate translation: “‘Tekel’ means ‘you are weighed”
386
DAN
5
27
sg5z
figs-metaphor
0
you are weighed in the scales and are found lacking
Judging the worthiness of the king to rule is spoken of as weighing him. This means that the king is not worthy to rule. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has examined your worthiness to rule, and he has found that you are not worthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
387
DAN
5
28
b18p
0
‘Peres,’ ‘your kingdom
“‘Peres’ means ‘your kingdom.”Alternate translation: “‘Peres’ means ‘your kingdom.”
388
DAN
5
28
jb22
0
Peres
This is the singular form of “Pharsin” in 5:25.
389
DAN
5
28
j1p8
figs-activepassive
0
your kingdom is divided and is given to the Medes and Persians
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has divided your kingdom and given it to the Medes and Persians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
390
DAN
5
29
j9jg
translate-names
0
Belshazzar
This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
391
DAN
5
29
uvj8
figs-activepassive
0
A chain of gold was put around his neck
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They put a chain of gold around his neck” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
392
DAN
5
29
nfx6
translate-ordinal
0
the third highest ruler
“the number three ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
393
DAN
5
31
c2bj
0
received the kingdom
“became the ruler of the kingdom”Alternate translation: “became the ruler of the kingdom”
394
DAN
5
31
y1si
translate-numbers
0
when he was about sixty-two years old
“when he was about 62 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
395
DAN
6
intro
a1xc
0
# Daniel 6 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set the content of letters farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the letter in 6:25-27.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in the letter in 6:26-27.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Daniel and the lions<br><br>Daniel was thrown into the lions’ den for praying to Yahweh, but Yahweh protected him and the lions did not hurt him at all.
396
DAN
6
1
xf5z
0
Connecting Statement:
The events in this chapter take place after the Persians conquered the Babylonians and Darius the Mede began to rule in Babylon.
397
DAN
6
1
y6y9
0
It pleased Darius
“King Darius decided”Alternate translation: “King Darius decided”
398
DAN
6
1
a1zk
translate-numbers
0
120 provincial governors
“one hundred and twenty provincial governors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
399
DAN
6
2
dd8r
0
Over them
The word “them” refers to the 120 provincial governors.
400
DAN
6
2
u9kb
0
so that the king should suffer no loss
“so that nothing should be stolen from the king” or “so that no one would steal anything from the king”Alternate translation: “so that nothing should be stolen from the king” or “so that no one would steal anything from the king”
401
DAN
6
3
ygu7
0
was distinguished above
“excelled above” or “was more capable than”Alternate translation: “excelled above” or “was more capable than”
402
DAN
6
3
aig7
figs-synecdoche
0
he had an extraordinary spirit
Here “spirit” refers to Daniel. It means he had was unusually capable. Alternate translation: “he was and exceptional person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
403
DAN
6
3
ef6f
0
extraordinary spirit
spirit that made him do better than the others
404
DAN
6
3
ry6m
0
to put him over
“to give him authority over” or “to put him in charge of”Alternate translation: “to give him authority over” or “to put him in charge of”
405
DAN
6
4
ex6l
figs-explicit
0
Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors … for the kingdom
The other administrators were jealous of Daniel. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors became jealous. So they looked for mistakes in the work Daniel did for the kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
406
DAN
6
4
rl5p
figs-activepassive
0
No mistakes or negligence was found in him
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They could find no mistakes or negligence in his work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
407
DAN
6
4
zn7x
0
negligence
overly looking your responsibilities
408
DAN
6
5
ek64
0
to complain against this Daniel
“to complain about Daniel”Alternate translation: “to complain about Daniel”
409
DAN
6
6
yf8j
0
brought a plan before the king
“presented a plan to the king”Alternate translation: “presented a plan to the king”
“whoever makes a request”Alternate translation: “whoever makes a request”
413
DAN
6
7
l2iq
figs-activepassive
0
that person must be thrown into the den of lions
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your soldiers must throw that person into the den of lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
414
DAN
6
7
h7ip
0
den of lions
This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept.
415
DAN
6
8
nj57
0
Connecting Statement:
In verse 8, the administrators continue to speak to the king.
416
DAN
6
8
v5i8
0
as directed by the laws
“according to the laws”Alternate translation: “according to the laws”
417
DAN
6
8
i7m4
0
cannot be repealed
“cannot be canceled”Alternate translation: “cannot be canceled”
418
DAN
6
9
dt8k
0
making the decree into a law
“making the order into a law”Alternate translation: “making the order into a law”
419
DAN
6
10
i5vv
0
When Daniel learned that the document had been signed into law
It is important to the story to state clearly that Daniel knew about the new law before he prayed to God.
420
DAN
6
10
r7ul
writing-background
0
now his windows were open in his upper room toward Jerusalem
This is background information that explains how Daniel’s enemies knew he was praying to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
421
DAN
6
10
l71q
0
gave thanks before his God
“gave thanks to his God”Alternate translation: “gave thanks to his God”
422
DAN
6
11
v5n3
0
plot
a plan with evil intent
423
DAN
6
12
gwm4
0
Did you not make a decree … lions?
They asked this question to make the king confirm that he had made the decree.
424
DAN
6
12
hjs7
0
who makes a petition
“who makes a request”Alternate translation: “who makes a request”
425
DAN
6
12
div1
0
den of lions
This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
426
DAN
6
12
zp4n
0
as directed by the law
“according to the law”Alternate translation: “according to the law”
427
DAN
6
13
c3ar
0
That person Daniel
This is not a respectful way of referring to Daniel. They intentionally used this phrase to avoid giving Daniel the respect he was due as a chief administrator.
428
DAN
6
13
jia1
0
who is one of the people of the exile from Judah
“who is an immagrant from Judah”Alternate translation: “who is an immagrant from Judah”
429
DAN
6
13
l8eb
figs-idiom
0
pays no attention to you
This idiom means he ignores the king. Alternate translation: “does not obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
430
DAN
6
14
u8lh
figs-metonymy
0
he applied his mind
Here “mind” refers to his thinking. Alternate translation: “he thought very hard about how” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
431
DAN
6
14
ts98
0
He labored
This refers to mental labor, rather than to physical labor.
432
DAN
6
15
d92j
figs-explicit
0
no decree … can be changed
The men were implying that since no decree or statute of the king can be changed, Daniel must be thrown into the pit of lions. This can be stated clearly if needed. Alternate translation: “no decree … can be changed. They must throw Daniel into the pit of lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
433
DAN
6
16
zny2
0
they brought in Daniel
“his soldiers went and got Daniel”Alternate translation: “his soldiers went and got Daniel”
434
DAN
6
16
q3wc
0
lions’ den
This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
435
DAN
6
16
a268
0
May your God … rescue you
The king is expressing his desire for God to save Daniel.
436
DAN
6
16
jd6x
0
rescue you
“save you from the lions”Alternate translation: “save you from the lions”
437
DAN
6
17
szf5
0
den
This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
438
DAN
6
17
xjj7
figs-explicit
0
the king sealed it with his own signet ring and with the signet rings of his nobles … concerning Daniel
The function of the signet ring can be stated clearly. The king and the noblemen pressed their rings into a seal made of wax. Alternate translation: “the king pressed his signet ring into a wax seal, the nobles did this too. No one was allowed to break the seal and help Daniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
439
DAN
6
17
p5t2
0
nothing might be changed concerning Daniel
“no one could help Daniel”Alternate translation: “no one could help Daniel”
440
DAN
6
18
un1j
translate-symaction
0
he went through the night fasting
This symbolic act showed that the king was worried about Daniel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
441
DAN
6
18
a3xd
figs-activepassive
0
No entertainment was brought before him
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He did not have anyone entertain him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
442
DAN
6
18
sb8r
figs-personification
0
sleep fled from him
Sleep is spoken of as if it could run away from the king. Alternate translation: “he did not sleep at all that night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
443
DAN
6
19
e2wc
0
lions’ den
This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
444
DAN
6
22
qn4t
figs-activepassive
0
For I was found blameless
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He knows that I have done nothing wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
445
DAN
6
22
ssq6
0
I have done you no harm
“I have not harmed you at all”Alternate translation: “I have not harmed you at all”
446
DAN
6
23
r1eg
0
den
This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
447
DAN
6
23
qf7q
figs-activepassive
0
No harm was found on him
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They did not find any wounds on Daniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
448
DAN
6
24
qwh3
0
Before they reached the floor
“Before they reached the floor of the lions’ den”Alternate translation: “Before they reached the floor of the lions’ den”
449
DAN
6
24
r63c
0
broke all their bones to pieces
“crushed their bones”Alternate translation: “crushed their bones”
450
DAN
6
25
ty2g
figs-metonymy
0
peoples, nations, and languages
Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who spoke different languages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
451
DAN
6
25
rl1d
figs-hyperbole
0
in all the earth
King Darius wrote his message to his entire kingdom which was huge. Here it says “all the earth” as a generalization to emphasis how large his kingdom was, though it did not include everyone on the earth. Alternate translation: “in his kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
452
DAN
6
25
zkz8
0
May peace increase for you
This is a form of greeting that is used to wish someone well in all areas of life.
453
DAN
6
26
m5v6
0
Connecting Statement:
This continues to state the message that Darius sent to everyone in his kingdom.
454
DAN
6
26
n6v5
figs-doublet
0
tremble and fear
These two words are similar and can be combined. Alternate translation: “shake with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
455
DAN
6
26
s8va
0
the God of Daniel
“the God that Daniel worships”Alternate translation: “the God that Daniel worships”
456
DAN
6
26
ma86
figs-parallelism
0
he is the living God and lives forever
The two phrases “the living God” and “lives forever” express the same concept, that God lives forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
457
DAN
6
26
xw4k
figs-parallelism
0
his kingdom shall … his dominion shall
These two phrases are parallel, emphasizing how God’s kingdom will never end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
458
DAN
6
26
s6yl
figs-activepassive
0
his kingdom shall not be destroyed
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will destroy his kingdom” or “his kingdom will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
459
DAN
6
26
fcy1
0
his dominion shall be to the end
“he will rule forever”Alternate translation: “he will rule forever”
460
DAN
6
27
bld2
0
he has kept Daniel safe from the strength of the lions
“he has not allowed the strong lions to hurt Daniel”Alternate translation: “he has not allowed the strong lions to hurt Daniel”
461
DAN
6
28
a5br
0
during the reign of Darius and during the reign of Cyrus the Persian
Cyrus the Persian was the king who ruled after Darius.
462
DAN
7
intro
e18x
0
# Daniel 7 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 7:9-10, 13-14, and 23-27.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### The four beasts<br><br>There will be four successive kingdoms before Yahweh sets up his eternal kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>### The Son of Man<br><br>God will give the Son of Man an eternal kingdom and he will judge people from the books. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
463
DAN
7
1
cw4a
writing-symlanguage
0
General Information:
Chapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. In Daniel’s vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
464
DAN
7
1
dme8
0
Belshazzar
This was the name of Nebuchadnezzar’s son, who became king after him. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md).
465
DAN
7
1
xdv1
figs-doublet
0
a dream and visions
The words “dream” and “visions” both refer to the same dream that is described in this chapter. Alternate translation: “visions while he was dreaming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
466
DAN
7
2
mjk7
0
the four winds of heaven
“winds from everywhere” or “strong winds from all four directions”Alternate translation: “winds from everywhere” or “strong winds from all four directions”
467
DAN
7
2
b48l
0
stirring up
“whipped up” or “agitated” or “caused high waves in”Alternate translation: “whipped up” or “agitated” or “caused high waves in”
468
DAN
7
4
z5hd
writing-symlanguage
0
The first was like a lion but had eagle’s wings
This was a symbolic creature, and not an animal that exists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
469
DAN
7
4
a7n9
figs-activepassive
0
its wings were torn off and it was lifted from the ground and made to stand on two feet, like a man
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone tore off its wings and lifted it up from the ground and made it stand on two feet like a human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
470
DAN
7
4
y6v7
figs-metonymy
0
The mind of a man was given to it
Here “mind” refers to thinking. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it the ability to think like a human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
473
DAN
7
5
c38p
figs-activepassive
0
It was told
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
474
DAN
7
6
fl2z
writing-symlanguage
0
another animal, one that looked like a leopard
This was not an actual leopard, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a leopard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
475
DAN
7
6
h4ia
writing-symlanguage
0
four wings … four heads
The four wings and four heads are symbols, but their meaning is unclear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
476
DAN
7
6
y1jd
0
it had four heads
“the animal had four heads”Alternate translation: “the animal had four heads”
477
DAN
7
6
jpn1
figs-activepassive
0
It was given authority to rule
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it authority to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
478
DAN
7
7
g1aj
writing-symlanguage
0
a fourth animal … it had ten horns
This is also not an actual animal. It is a symbolic creature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
479
DAN
7
7
w7ww
0
trampled underfoot
“walked on and crushed”Alternate translation: “walked on and crushed”
480
DAN
7
8
yr9d
0
General Information:
Daniel continues to describe his vision of the fourth animal that the saw in [Daniel 7:7](../07/07.md).
481
DAN
7
8
j87p
figs-metonymy
0
the horns
Translators may write a footnote like this: “Horns are a symbol of power and represent powerful leaders.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
482
DAN
7
8
ga8d
figs-activepassive
0
Three of the first horns were wrenched out by the roots
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The little horn tore out three of the first horns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
488
DAN
7
9
crh4
figs-idiom
0
took his seat
This is an idiom that means he sat down. Alternate translation: “sat down on his throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
489
DAN
7
9
imw8
0
His clothing was as white as snow
His clothing is compared to snow to show that it was very white. Alternate translation: “His clothing was very white”
490
DAN
7
9
d5if
figs-simile
0
the hair of his head was like pure wool
Something about God’s hair looked like pure wool. This could mean: (1) it was very white or (2) it was thick and curly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
491
DAN
7
9
jf7e
0
pure wool
“clean wool” or “wool that is washed”Alternate translation: “clean wool” or “wool that is washed”
492
DAN
7
9
c4le
0
His throne was flames … its wheels were burning fire
This describes the throne of God and its wheels as if they were made of fire. The words “flames” and “burning fire” mean basically the same thing and can be translated the same way.
493
DAN
7
9
lhh4
0
its wheels
It is unclear why God’s throne is described as having wheels. Thrones normally do not have wheels, but the text clearly states that this throne has some kind of wheels. Use a general term for “wheels” if possible.
494
DAN
7
10
eu94
writing-symlanguage
0
General Information:
Daniel continues to describe his vision of the court in heaven and the response to the fourth animal that he saw in [Daniel 7:7](../07/07.md). Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULT and UST present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
507
DAN
7
12
ru76
figs-activepassive
0
their lives were prolonged for a period of time
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they continued to live for a period of time” or “the judge let them live a little longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
508
DAN
7
13
lvf2
writing-symlanguage
0
General Information:
Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
509
DAN
7
13
j5t6
figs-simile
0
I saw one coming … like a son of man
The person that Daniel saw was not a normal man, but had a human figure like a man. “I also saw that night someone coming who resembled a son of man, that is, he had a human figure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
510
DAN
7
13
n5qi
0
with the clouds of heaven
“with the clouds of the sky”Alternate translation: “with the clouds of the sky”
511
DAN
7
13
ln6w
0
the Ancient of Days
This refers to God who is eternal. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 7:9](../07/09.md)
512
DAN
7
13
pjn2
figs-activepassive
0
was presented before him
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they presented this son of man to the Ancient of Days” or “he stood before him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
513
DAN
7
14
ai49
figs-activepassive
0
Authority to rule and glory and royal power were given to him
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The one who looked like a son of man received authority to rule, glory, and royal power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
518
DAN
7
15
xt3d
figs-parallelism
0
my spirit was grieved inside of me … the visions I saw in my mind troubled me
These two phrases describe how Daniel was feeling. The second one gives more information about the first one, explaining about his grieved spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
519
DAN
7
15
g5s3
figs-synecdoche
0
my spirit was grieved inside of me
Here “my spirit” refers to Daniel himself. Alternate translation: “I was very sad inside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
520
DAN
7
16
z2w1
0
one of them standing there
This is one of the heavenly beings who were standing before God’s throne. This could mean: (1) these are angels, spirits who serve God (2) these are people who have died and are now in heaven.
521
DAN
7
16
fhe1
0
to show me
“to tell me” or “to explain to me”Alternate translation: “to tell me” or “to explain to me”
522
DAN
7
16
x45a
0
these things
“the things I had seen”Alternate translation: “the things I had seen”
523
DAN
7
17
mw57
0
These large animals, four in number,
“These four large animals”Alternate translation: “These four large animals”
524
DAN
7
17
s2iv
0
are four kings
“represent four kings”Alternate translation: “represent four kings”
525
DAN
7
17
e2vw
figs-idiom
0
four kings that will arise from the earth
Here “from the earth” means they are real people. Alternate translation: “four kings who will come to power on the earth” or “four men who will rise up from among the people of the earth and become kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
526
DAN
7
18
tz29
0
they will possess it
“they will rule over it”Alternate translation: “they will rule over it”
527
DAN
7
18
x83s
figs-doublet
0
forever and ever
This repetition of ideas emphasizes that this kingdom will never come to an end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
“walked on and crushed”Alternate translation: “walked on and crushed”
530
DAN
7
20
e5t1
0
the ten horns on its head
“the ten horns on the head of the fourth animal”Alternate translation: “the ten horns on the head of the fourth animal”
531
DAN
7
20
vi4r
0
grew up, and before which the three horns fell down
“grew up, and about the three horns that fell down in front of it” or “grew up, and about the three horns that fell down because of it”Alternate translation: “grew up, and about the three horns that fell down in front of it” or “grew up, and about the three horns that fell down because of it”
532
DAN
7
20
vjs9
figs-euphemism
0
before which the three horns fell down
Here “fell down” is a euphemism that means they were destroyed.” Alternate translation: “which destroyed the three horns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
533
DAN
7
20
frj1
0
the mouth that boasted
“its mouth that boasted” or “the mouth of the new horn, that boasted”Alternate translation: “its mouth that boasted” or “the mouth of the new horn, that boasted”
534
DAN
7
20
f425
0
that seemed greater than its companions
the horn with the eyes and a mouth seemed to be greater than the other horns
535
DAN
7
21
xcl9
0
this horn
“this fourth horn.” This refers to the horn that is described in [Daniel 7:20](../07/20.md).
536
DAN
7
22
pxx4
figs-activepassive
0
until the Ancient of Days came, and justice was given
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until the Ancient of Days came and brought justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
538
DAN
7
22
em4n
figs-activepassive
0
the holy people received the kingdom
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God gave his kingdom to his holy people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
539
DAN
7
23
ec9x
writing-symlanguage
0
General Information:
Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
540
DAN
7
23
mv4h
0
This is what that person said
This is the person that Daniel approached in [Daniel 7:16](../07/16.md).
541
DAN
7
23
p7zf
0
that person said
“that person answered”Alternate translation: “that person answered”
542
DAN
7
23
lqc9
0
As for the fourth animal
“Concerning the fourth animal” or “Now, about the fourth animal”Alternate translation: “Concerning the fourth animal” or “Now, about the fourth animal”
543
DAN
7
23
t6ga
figs-metaphor
0
It will devour … it into pieces
This does not mean the fourth kingdom will destroy the planet, but that it will brutally attack, conquer, and destroy all other kingdoms on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
544
DAN
7
24
x4nc
0
As for the ten horns
“Concerning the ten horns” or “Now, about the ten horns”Alternate translation: “Concerning the ten horns” or “Now, about the ten horns”
545
DAN
7
24
cn9p
figs-explicit
0
out of this kingdom ten kings will arise
They will rule one after the other. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “ten kings will rule over this fourth kingdom, one after another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
546
DAN
7
24
iw64
figs-explicit
0
another will arise after them
This other king is not one of the ten. It may be helpful to refer to him as “the eleventh king.” Alternate translation: “after that an eleventh king will become powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
547
DAN
7
24
qun4
0
He will be different from the previous ones
“He will be different from the other ten kings”Alternate translation: “He will be different from the other ten kings”
548
DAN
7
24
x7hx
figs-explicit
0
he will conquer the three kings
He will defeat three of the original ten kings. It may be helpful to state that those three kings are represented by the three horns that were pulled out. Alternate translation: “he will defeat the three kings that were represented by the three horns that were pulled out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
549
DAN
7
25
w3b9
writing-symlanguage
0
General Information:
The man in Daniel’s vision continues talking to Daniel. Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
550
DAN
7
25
xih7
figs-idiom
0
He will speak words against the Most High
This means that the newest king will openly disagree with and say bad things about the Most High. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
551
DAN
7
25
ce61
0
He will try … into his hand
The words “He” and “his” refer to the newest king, not the Most High.
Both terms refer to the law of Moses. The festivals were an important part of the religion of Israel in the Old Testament.
554
DAN
7
25
hn8p
figs-metonymy
0
These things will be given into his hand
Here “his hand” refers to his control. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The newest king will control the religous festivals and laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
555
DAN
7
25
dnu4
0
one year, two years, and half a year
This means “three and half years.” This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. Try to translate it in a way that preserves this way of counting. Alternate translation: “one year plus two years plus six months”
556
DAN
7
26
is1x
0
the court will be in session
This means that the judge will be ready to investigate evidence and make his judgment. Alternate translation: “the judge will judge” or “The judge will sit down”
557
DAN
7
26
iln2
0
they will take his royal power away
“the members of the court will take the royal power away from the newest king”Alternate translation: “the members of the court will take the royal power away from the newest king”
558
DAN
7
26
j3ya
0
royal power
This, here, refers to “authority.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:14](../07/14.md).
559
DAN
7
26
plf7
figs-activepassive
0
to be consumed and destroyed at the end
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and consume and destroy it in the end” or “and completely destroy his royal power in the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
560
DAN
7
27
dj39
writing-symlanguage
0
General Information:
The man in Daniel’s vision continues talking to Daniel. Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
562
DAN
7
27
c6lf
figs-doublet
0
The kingdom and the dominion
These two terms mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this will concern all forms of official authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
563
DAN
7
27
p5c7
figs-abstractnouns
0
the greatness of the kingdoms
The abstract noun “greatness” can be translated with the adjective “great.” Alternate translation: “everything that is great about the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
564
DAN
7
27
ry7e
figs-idiom
0
of the kingdoms under the whole heaven
The idiom “under the whole heaven” refers to the kingdoms on earth. Alternate translation: “of all the kingdoms on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
565
DAN
7
27
eti4
0
His kingdom
“The kingdom of the Most High”Alternate translation: “The kingdom of the Most High”
566
DAN
7
27
t3ct
0
an everlasting kingdom
“a kingdom that will exist forever” or “a kingdom that will never end”Alternate translation: “a kingdom that will exist forever” or “a kingdom that will never end”
567
DAN
7
28
v6mq
0
Here is the end of the matter
This means that Daniel has finished describing the vision. Alternate translation: “That is what I saw in my vision” or “This is the end of the description of what I saw in my vision”
568
DAN
7
28
am3a
0
my face changed in appearance
“my face became pale”Alternate translation: “my face became pale”
569
DAN
8
intro
cbk6
0
# Daniel 8 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The vision of the ram and the male goat<br><br>Although specific interpretation of this vision is not given, most scholars believe Daniel saw Greece overthrowing Media-Persia before breaking up into four kingdoms. One of these kingdoms stopped the temple worship for a while and then it was restored. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])
570
DAN
8
1
rft5
writing-symlanguage
0
General Information:
Chapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. In Daniel’s vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
571
DAN
8
1
b6kb
translate-ordinal
0
In the third year
“In year three” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
575
DAN
8
2
m8kv
translate-names
0
Susa … Elam … Ulai Canal
These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
576
DAN
8
2
jfs1
0
Canal
A canal is a narrow man-made waterway.
577
DAN
8
3
kh4s
writing-symlanguage
0
a ram with two horns
It is normal for rams to have two horns. These horns, however, have symbolic meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
578
DAN
8
3
buj1
0
but the longer … passed up in length by it
“but the longer one grew more slowly than the shorter one, and the shorter one grew to be even longer than it”Alternate translation: “but the longer one grew more slowly than the shorter one, and the shorter one grew to be even longer than it”
579
DAN
8
4
wrr2
0
I saw the ram charging
“I saw the ram rushing” or “I saw the ram running very quickly”Alternate translation: “I saw the ram rushing” or “I saw the ram running very quickly”
580
DAN
8
4
s49e
figs-metonymy
0
to rescue anyone out of his hand
Rams do not have hands. Here “hand” refers to the ram’s power. Alternate translation: “to rescue anyone from him” or “to rescue anyone from his power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
581
DAN
8
5
npd3
figs-hyperbole
0
across the surface of the whole earth
The phrase “the whole earth” is an exaggeration that means he came from far away. Alternate translation: “from far away across the surface of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
582
DAN
8
5
jv2j
figs-explicit
0
The goat had a large horn between his eyes
Goats have two horns on the sides of their heads. This image should be explained. Alternate translation: “The goat had a single large horn in the center of his head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
583
DAN
8
6
ith5
0
in a powerful rage
“and it was very angry”Alternate translation: “and it was very angry”
584
DAN
8
7
u36k
0
trampled
to crush something by stepping on it
585
DAN
8
7
hh82
0
the ram from his power
“the ram from the goat because of his power”Alternate translation: “the ram from the goat because of his power”
586
DAN
8
8
kr6f
0
the goat became very large
“the goat became very large and strong”Alternate translation: “the goat became very large and strong”
587
DAN
8
8
pt9j
figs-activepassive
0
the large horn was broken
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “something broke off the large horn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
588
DAN
8
8
z9lm
figs-idiom
0
toward the four winds of the heavens
Here “the four winds of heaven” is an idiom that refers to the four main directions (north, east, south, west) from which the winds blow. Alternate translation: “in four different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
589
DAN
8
9
ys25
0
but which became very large
“but it became very large”Alternate translation: “but it became very large”
590
DAN
8
9
i3jg
0
in the south, in the east, and in the land of beauty
This probably means it pointed in those directions. This can be stated. Alternate translation: “and pointed toward the south and then toward the east and then toward the beautiful land of Israel”
591
DAN
8
9
umn2
figs-idiom
0
the land of beauty
This is a reference to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
592
DAN
8
10
pkh2
figs-personification
0
It became so large as to engage in war
Here the horn is given qualities of a person and is engaging in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
598
DAN
8
11
i4px
0
It took away from him the regular burnt offering
Here “took away” means the horn stopped the offering. Here “him” refers to God, the commander of the army. Alternate translation: “It stopped the people from making their regular burnt offering to him”
599
DAN
8
11
c2s4
figs-activepassive
0
the place of his sanctuary was polluted
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it defiled his sanctuary” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
600
DAN
8
12
y31h
figs-metaphor
0
The horn will throw truth down to the ground
The horn ignoring truth and godliness is spoken of as if it will throw truth to the ground. Alternate translation: “The horn will reject the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
601
DAN
8
13
lj18
0
holy one
“angel”Alternate translation: “angel”
602
DAN
8
13
b9yz
0
the handing over of the sanctuary
“the surrender of the sanctuary”Alternate translation: “the surrender of the sanctuary”
603
DAN
8
13
xj3i
figs-activepassive
0
heaven’s army being trampled on
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the horn trampling on heaven’s army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
604
DAN
8
14
ed38
translate-numbers
0
2,300 evenings and mornings
“Two thousand three hundred evenings and mornings.” Here “evenings and mornings” is a merism that refers to everything in between, which means full days. Alternate translation: “2,300 sunsets and sunrises” or “2,300 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
605
DAN
8
14
j3q3
0
the sanctuary will be put right
“the temple will be purified and set in order again”Alternate translation: “the temple will be purified and set in order again”
606
DAN
8
16
h4dz
figs-synecdoche
0
a man’s voice calling between the banks of the Ulai Canal
Here a man is being referred to by his voice. Alternate translation: “a man calling from the Ulai Canal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
607
DAN
8
16
c8qg
0
Ulai Canal
A canal is a narrow man-made waterway. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 8:2](../08/02.md).
608
DAN
8
17
c9ys
translate-symaction
0
prostrated myself on the ground
This is an act of worship in which someone lies flat on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
609
DAN
8
17
v6y5
0
the time of the end
“the final days” or “the end of the world.” This does not refer to the final moment in time, but rather to the events that will happen immediately before the end.
610
DAN
8
18
c89u
0
a deep sleep
This is a type of sleep when someone is sleeping heavily and does not wake up easily.
611
DAN
8
19
v9et
figs-explicit
0
the time of wrath
This refers to the time when God will judge. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the time when God judges in anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
612
DAN
8
19
zif5
0
the appointed time for the end
“the time when the world will end”Alternate translation: “the time when the world will end”
613
DAN
8
20
bi9v
writing-symlanguage
0
General Information:
In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represent human rulers and kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
This could mean: (1) this refers to the kings of Media and Persia or (2) this is a metonym in which the kings represents the kingdoms of Media and Persia. Alternate translation: “the kingdoms of Media and Persia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
616
DAN
8
21
j9y9
figs-metonymy
0
the king of Greece
This could mean: (1) this refers to the king of Greece or (2) this is a metonym in which the king represents the kingdom of Greece. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of Greece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
617
DAN
8
21
h37i
0
The large horn between his eyes is
“The large horn between his eyes represents”Alternate translation: “The large horn between his eyes represents”
618
DAN
8
22
j764
writing-symlanguage
0
General Information:
In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represented human rulers or kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
619
DAN
8
22
qtr7
0
As for the horn that was broken … four others arose
“Where the large horn was broken off, four others arose”Alternate translation: “Where the large horn was broken off, four others arose”
620
DAN
8
22
c6qn
figs-explicit
0
four kingdoms will arise from his nation
The four horns represent the four new kingdoms. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “they represent the four kingdoms into which the kingdom of the first king will be divided” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
621
DAN
8
22
z39i
0
but not with his great power
“but they will not have as much power as the king represented by the large horn”Alternate translation: “but they will not have as much power as the king represented by the large horn”
622
DAN
8
23
gk83
0
At the latter time of those kingdoms
“As those kingdoms approach their end”Alternate translation: “As those kingdoms approach their end”
623
DAN
8
23
t2i5
0
shall have reached their limit
“have reached their full” or “have run their course”Alternate translation: “have reached their full” or “have run their course”
624
DAN
8
23
x2ku
0
grim-faced
This means someone who looks defiant, or like he will refuse to obey.
625
DAN
8
24
fm5e
writing-symlanguage
0
General Information:
In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represented human rulers or kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
626
DAN
8
24
ue1c
0
but not by his own power
“but someone else will give him his power”Alternate translation: “but someone else will give him his power”
627
DAN
8
25
yq8r
figs-personification
0
he will make deceit prosper
Here “deceit” is spoken of as if it is a person who will prosper. Alternate translation: “the amount of deception will increase” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
628
DAN
8
25
u9tg
figs-metonymy
0
under his hand
Here “hand” refers to his rule. Alternate translation: “under his rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
629
DAN
8
25
f6qi
0
King of kings
This refers to God.
631
DAN
8
25
cxx3
figs-metonymy
0
not by any human hand
Here “hand” refers to power. This can be also stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “not by any human power” or “by divine power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
632
DAN
8
26
cp6e
0
General Information:
The angel continues to instruct Daniel about the visions that Daniel saw.
633
DAN
8
26
cer6
figs-metaphor
0
seal up the vision
The angel speaks about the vision as if it were a scroll that could be closed with a wax seal. This prevented anyone from seeing the contents until the seal was broken. Alternate translation: “close and seal up what you have written about the vision” or “do not tell anyone about the vision now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
634
DAN
8
27
us1l
0
was overcome and lay weak for several days
“was exhausted and lay in bed sick for several days”Alternate translation: “was exhausted and lay in bed sick for several days”
635
DAN
8
27
c42h
0
went about the king’s business
“did the work that the king had assigned to me”Alternate translation: “did the work that the king had assigned to me”
636
DAN
8
27
v7gd
0
I was appalled by the vision
“I was dismayed by the vision” or “I was very confused by the vision”Alternate translation: “I was dismayed by the vision” or “I was very confused by the vision”
637
DAN
9
intro
sz7n
0
# Daniel 9 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Daniel told the future<br>Gabriel told Daniel a prophecy that Jerusalem would be rebuilt. Then later an anointed person would be killed and the worship at the temple stopped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>### The unusual expression of numbers in 9:24-26<br><br>This passage uses the expressions “seventy sevens of years,” “seven sevens and sixty-two sevens,” and “sixty-two sevens of years” to denote ““490 years,” “49 years and then 434 years,” and “434 years,” respectively. The original language uses the idea of a “week” to express the idea of a group of sevens, but these numbers are clearly meant to denote years, not weeks. Most translators should use the ways normal in their languages to express these numbers.
638
DAN
9
1
a2ic
0
General Information:
Chapters 7 and 8 were not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king. Chapter 9 now returns to the events of the reign of Darius who became king in chapter 6.
639
DAN
9
1
lvl3
writing-background
0
It was Ahasuerus who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians
This is background information about who Ahasuerus was. The UST places this in parentheses to make that clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
640
DAN
9
1
y3g6
figs-activepassive
0
who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who became king over the realm of the Babylonians” or “who conquered the Babylonians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
641
DAN
9
1
m6bc
0
over the realm
“over the country” or “over the kingdom”Alternate translation: “over the country” or “over the kingdom”
642
DAN
9
2
h1p2
0
Yahweh
This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
643
DAN
9
2
y2g1
translate-numbers
0
there would be seventy years until Jerusalem’s abandonment would end
“from the time Jerusalem was destroyed, it would remain in ruins for 70 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
644
DAN
9
2
zrc4
0
abandonment
this means no one would help or rebuild Jerusalem during that time
645
DAN
9
3
xi1v
figs-metonymy
0
I turned my face to the Lord God
Here “face” represents Daniel’s attention. Alternate translation: “I focused my attention on the Lord God” or “I directed my thoughts toward the Lord God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
646
DAN
9
3
v1yi
figs-metaphor
0
to seek him
Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
647
DAN
9
3
ni5z
translate-symaction
0
fasting, wearing sackcloth, and sitting in ashes
These are symbolic acts of repentance and sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
you are the one who keeps the covenant and is faithful to love those
“you do what you said you would do in your covenant, and you faithfully love those”Alternate translation: “you do what you said you would do in your covenant, and you faithfully love those”
650
DAN
9
5
wju1
0
General Information:
Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel.
651
DAN
9
5
bz6l
figs-parallelism
0
We have sinned and have done what is wrong
These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
652
DAN
9
5
ie62
figs-parallelism
0
We have acted wickedly and we have rebelled
These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
659
DAN
9
7
x7i6
figs-metaphor
0
To us today, however, belongs shame on our faces—for the people
Being ashamed is spoken of as if “shame” were an object that belongs to people. The abstract noun “shame” can be stated as “ashamed.” Alternate translation: “But as for us, we are ashamed of what we have done—the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
660
DAN
9
7
k8fa
figs-exclusive
0
To us today
The word “us” includes Daniel and the Israelites, but it does not include God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
661
DAN
9
7
kk5y
figs-idiom
0
belongs shame on our faces
This idiom means their shame is visible to all. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
662
DAN
9
7
u1gy
0
because of the great treachery that we committed against you
“because we greatly betrayed you” or “because we were very unfaithful to you”Alternate translation: “because we greatly betrayed you” or “because we were very unfaithful to you”
663
DAN
9
9
yg1d
0
General Information:
Daniel continues praying to the Lord about the people of Israel.
664
DAN
9
9
vqm3
figs-metaphor
0
To the Lord our God belong compassion and forgiveness
Having these traits is spoken of as if they belonged to the Lord. Alternate translation: “The Lord our God is compassionate and forgives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
665
DAN
9
10
kf4g
figs-metonymy
0
We have not obeyed the voice of Yahweh our God
Here “voice” refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “We have not obeyed what Yahweh told us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
672
DAN
9
12
vbx2
figs-activepassive
0
what has been done to Jerusalem
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what you have done to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
673
DAN
9
13
c1fb
figs-activepassive
0
As it is written in the law of Moses
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “As Moses wrote in the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
674
DAN
9
13
sk3z
figs-idiom
0
turning away from our iniquities
Here stopping evil activity is spoken of as turning away from them. Alternate translation: “stopping our evil actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
675
DAN
9
14
dxb5
0
Yahweh has kept the disaster ready
“Yahweh has prepared this disaster”Alternate translation: “Yahweh has prepared this disaster”
676
DAN
9
14
up2a
figs-metonymy
0
we have not obeyed his voice
Here “voice” refers to the things that Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “we have not done what he told us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
677
DAN
9
15
wi6x
figs-metonymy
0
with a mighty hand
Here “mighty hand” is a metonym for strength. Alternate translation: “with great strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
678
DAN
9
15
k82d
0
you have made a famous name for yourself, as in this present day
“you caused people to know how great you are, as you still do today”Alternate translation: “you caused people to know how great you are, as you still do today”
679
DAN
9
15
u2zs
figs-parallelism
0
still we sinned; we have done wicked things
These two clauses mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize how bad sin is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
680
DAN
9
15
h9ad
figs-exclusive
0
we sinned; we have done wicked things
Daniel and Israel sinned and did wicked things, but “we” does not include God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
681
DAN
9
16
zd1k
figs-doublet
0
your anger and your wrath
The words “anger” and “wrath” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how terrible God’s anger is when he acts on it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
682
DAN
9
16
g4t8
0
your holy mountain
This mountain may be holy because God’s temple is there. Alternate translation: “the mountain where your holy temple is”
683
DAN
9
16
t4wb
figs-exclusive
0
our sins … our ancestors
Here “our” refers to Daniel and Israel, but not to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
684
DAN
9
16
qcc3
0
an object of scorn
“a target of disrespect”Alternate translation: “a target of disrespect”
685
DAN
9
17
e6hv
0
Now
This does not mean “at this moment”, but it is a way to show that the next phase in Daniel’s prayer is about to start.
686
DAN
9
17
u437
figs-123person
0
your servant … his pleas for mercy
The words “your servant” and “his” here refer to Daniel. He speaks about himself in the third person as a sign of respect for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
687
DAN
9
17
ndy1
0
pleas for mercy
“requests for mercy”Alternate translation: “requests for mercy”
688
DAN
9
17
a4vq
figs-metaphor
0
make your face shine on
The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably as if Yahweh’s face shone a light. Alternate translation: “act kindly toward” or “act with favor toward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
689
DAN
9
17
b52l
0
your sanctuary
This refers to the temple in Jerusalem.
690
DAN
9
18
sv8a
figs-idiom
0
open your ears and listen
To “open the ears” is an idiom that means to listen. These two phrases means the same thing and emphasize Daniel’s desire for God to listen to his prayer. Alternate translation: “please listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
691
DAN
9
18
jqa4
figs-idiom
0
open your eyes and see
To “open the eyes” is an idiom that means to see. These two phrases means the same thing and emphasize Daniel’s desire for God to pay attention to his prayer. Alternate translation: “notice us” or “pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
692
DAN
9
18
gw8i
figs-metonymy
0
is called by your name
Here “name” represents ownership. Alternate translation: “is your city” or “belongs to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
693
DAN
9
19
y5zw
0
do not delay
This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “act quickly”
694
DAN
9
20
n3ma
0
my people Israel
“the people of Israel to whom I belong”Alternate translation: “the people of Israel to whom I belong”
695
DAN
9
21
tmu9
figs-explicit
0
the man Gabriel
This is the same angel Gabriel who appeared in the form of a man in [Daniel 8:16](../08/16.md). Alternate translation: “Gabriel, who appeared as a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
696
DAN
9
21
m9dw
0
in the vision at the first
This may refer to the first vision that Daniel had while he was awake. Alternate translation: “in the previous vision” or “in the vision I saw before” or “in a vision before”
697
DAN
9
21
ud8s
0
flew down to me in rapid flight
“flew down to me quickly”Alternate translation: “flew down to me quickly”
698
DAN
9
21
i2as
0
at the time of the evening sacrifice
The Jewish people sacrificed to God each evening just before the sun went down.
699
DAN
9
22
i4uk
figs-doublet
0
insight and understanding
The words “insight” and “understanding” mean the same thing and emphasize that Gabriel will help Daniel to understand the message completely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
700
DAN
9
23
bj8w
figs-activepassive
0
the order was given
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God gave the order” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
701
DAN
9
23
ke8t
0
consider this word
“think about this message”Alternate translation: “think about this message”
702
DAN
9
23
dn8d
0
the revelation
This refers back to the prophesy of Jeremiah in [Daniel 9:2](../09/02.md).
703
DAN
9
24
tn7g
0
Seventy sevens are decreed for your people and your holy city to
God decreed that he would do the things in this verse for the people and the holy city.
704
DAN
9
24
x7sx
0
Seventy sevens
This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. Alternate translation: “Seventy times seven years”
712
DAN
9
25
mg6r
0
seven sevens … and sixty-two sevens
These added together are 69 of the 70 sevens spoken of in verse 24.
713
DAN
9
25
tg7z
figs-activepassive
0
Jerusalem will be rebuilt
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will rebuild Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
714
DAN
9
25
gs6w
0
moat
a deep ditch around a city or building, usually with water in it
715
DAN
9
25
q3nq
0
the times of distress
“a time of great trouble”Alternate translation: “a time of great trouble”
716
DAN
9
26
t9v5
0
sixty-two sevens
This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. See how you translated this number in [Daniel 9:25](../09/25.md). Alternate translation: “sixty-two times seven”
717
DAN
9
26
pru6
figs-activepassive
0
the anointed one will be destroyed and will have nothing
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will destroy the anointed one and he will have nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
718
DAN
9
26
nzv4
0
the anointed one
Anointing is a symbolic act to show that someone is chosen. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 9:25](../09/25.md). Alternate translation: “the person that God anoints” or “the person that God chooses”
721
DAN
9
26
ite5
figs-activepassive
0
Desolations have been decreed
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has decreed ruin for the city and sanctuary” or “God has declared that the enemy army will destroy everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
722
DAN
9
27
a45k
0
He will … he will
This refers to the coming ruler who will destroy the anointed one.
723
DAN
9
27
zqk4
0
one seven … In the middle of the seven
Here “seven” is used to refer to a period of seven years. Alternate translation: “seven years … Halfway through the seven years”
724
DAN
9
27
rr1b
0
put an end to
“stop” or “halt”Alternate translation: “stop” or “halt”
725
DAN
9
27
jsh2
figs-doublet
0
the sacrifice and the offering
These words basically mean the same thing. The repetition is to show that the ruler will prevent all types of sacrifices. Alternate translation: “all forms of sacrificing” or “every type of offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
726
DAN
9
27
e962
figs-metonymy
0
the wing of abominations
This may refer to the defensive structures on top of the walls of the temple, which are called “abominations” because they are full of idols. Alternate translation: “the walls of the temple that are full of abominations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
727
DAN
9
27
l267
0
someone who makes desolate
“a person who completely destroys”Alternate translation: “a person who completely destroys”
728
DAN
9
27
i8lk
figs-activepassive
0
A full end and destruction are decreed to be poured out
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has decreed that he will pour out a full end and destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
729
DAN
9
27
x6c9
figs-doublet
0
A full end and destruction
These two words or expressions are basically the same. They emphasize how serious and complete the destruction will be. Alternate translation: “Complete destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
730
DAN
9
27
t53m
0
the one who has made the desolation
“the person who caused the destruction”Alternate translation: “the person who caused the destruction”
731
DAN
10
intro
rcw2
0
# Daniel 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section where Daniel is given a prophecy about the future from an angel. This section continues for the remainder of the book. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
732
DAN
10
1
if3j
translate-ordinal
0
the third year of Cyrus king of Persia
“year 3 of the rule of Cyrus the king of Persia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
733
DAN
10
1
mci4
figs-activepassive
0
a message was revealed to Daniel
This can also be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God revealed a message to Daniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
734
DAN
10
1
vf8c
0
insight
the ability to understand more than what can be seen
735
DAN
10
3
xqe9
0
delicacies
These are expensive or rare kinds of food. Alternate translation: “fancy foods”
736
DAN
10
3
af3y
0
until the completion of three entire weeks
“until the end of three entire weeks”Alternate translation: “until the end of three entire weeks”
737
DAN
10
4
s7nc
translate-hebrewmonths
0
On the twenty-fourth day of the first month
This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
738
DAN
10
5
p8b1
0
with a belt around his waist
“and he was wearing a belt”Alternate translation: “and he was wearing a belt”
739
DAN
10
5
q62t
translate-names
0
Uphaz
Uphaz is a place. Its location is not known (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
740
DAN
10
6
pv61
figs-simile
0
His body was like topaz
His body gleamed with blue or yellow light as if it were made of topaz. Alternate translation: “his body gleamed like topaz” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
741
DAN
10
6
yce2
0
topaz
a blue or yellow gemstone, also known as beryl, peridot, or chrysolite
751
DAN
10
10
q7sg
figs-synecdoche
0
A hand touched me
Here a person’s hand represents that person, probably the man whom Daniel saw in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md). Alternate translation: “Someone touched me with his hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
752
DAN
10
11
uuf2
figs-activepassive
0
Daniel, man greatly treasured
This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Daniel, you whom God greatly treasures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
753
DAN
10
11
r2td
0
greatly treasured
much valued and loved
754
DAN
10
12
xbp6
0
you set your mind to understand
“you determined to understand the vision”Alternate translation: “you determined to understand the vision”
755
DAN
10
12
n99a
figs-activepassive
0
your words were heard
This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God heard your words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
756
DAN
10
13
qc85
0
prince
Here this refers to a spirit who has authority over a human nation. Alternate translation: “spirit prince”
757
DAN
10
13
rag2
0
the kings of Persia
This probably refers to the various kings who ruled over nations in the Persian Empire, and who had to obey the king of Persia.
758
DAN
10
13
as4y
0
Michael, one of the chief princes
“Michael, on of the chief angels” or “Michael, one of the archangels”Alternate translation: “Michael, on of the chief angels” or “Michael, one of the archangels”
759
DAN
10
14
b23e
0
General Information:
The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
760
DAN
10
15
lq7d
0
I turned my face toward the ground
“I looked at the ground.” Daniel may have done this to show humble reverence, or because he was afraid.
761
DAN
10
16
dt5j
0
One who was like the sons of man
This may refer to the one who had just spoken to Daniel. However, some versions interpret it as referring to a different person. Alternate translation: “This one, who looked like a human”
763
DAN
10
16
na7s
0
agony
severe emotional suffering
764
DAN
10
17
t4pn
figs-rquestion
0
I am your servant. How can I talk with my master?
Daniel asks this question meaning that he cannot speak to the angel because he is not the angel’s equal. These sentences can be combined. Alternate translation: “I am not able to answer you because I am only your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
765
DAN
10
17
by59
figs-idiom
0
there is no breath left in me
This idiom refers to breathing. Alternate translation: “I cannot breathe” or “it’s very hard to breathe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
766
DAN
10
18
wh3x
0
the one with an appearance of a man
“the one who looked like a human”Alternate translation: “the one who looked like a human”
767
DAN
10
19
j55a
0
Be strong now, be strong
The words “be strong” are repeated for emphasis.
768
DAN
10
19
w36n
figs-activepassive
0
man greatly treasured
This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you whom God greatly treasures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
769
DAN
10
19
u5hy
figs-activepassive
0
I was strengthened
This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I became strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
770
DAN
10
20
tku1
0
the prince of Persia
Here “prince” refers to a spirit who rules and guards a human nation. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 10:13](../10/13.md). Alternate translation: “the spirit prince of Persia”
771
DAN
10
21
k4rh
figs-explicit
0
But I will tell you
This implies that the angel will tell Daniel about this immediately, before he goes away. Alternate translation: “But first I will tell you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
772
DAN
10
21
gx6a
figs-activepassive
0
what is written in the Book of Truth
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what the Book of Truth says” or “what someone wrote in the Book of Truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
773
DAN
10
21
f6mz
0
who shows himself to be strong
“who proves himself to be strong”Alternate translation: “who proves himself to be strong”
774
DAN
10
21
x9us
0
There is no one who shows himself to be strong with me against them, except Michael your prince
“Michael your prince is the only one to show himself strong with me against them” or “Michael your prince is the only one who helps me against them”Alternate translation: “Michael your prince is the only one to show himself strong with me against them” or “Michael your prince is the only one who helps me against them”
775
DAN
10
21
t5rl
figs-you
0
Michael your prince
The word “your” is plural. It refers to Daniel and the rest of the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Michael, the prince of your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
776
DAN
10
21
p2z5
0
Michael your prince
“Michael your guardian angel.” Translate “prince” when it refers to Michael as you did [Daniel 10:13](../10/13.md).
777
DAN
11
intro
ee96
0
# Daniel 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The final prophecy continues in this chapter. The kings of the North and of the South will fight many wars against each other. The king of the South is probably a reference to Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
778
DAN
11
1
iik8
0
General Information:
In Daniel 11:1 through 12:4, the one who was speaking to Daniel in chapter 10 tells him what is written in the book of truth. This is as he said he would do in [Daniel 10:21](../10/21.md).
779
DAN
11
1
rm8a
figs-explicit
0
In the first year of Darius
Darius was the King of the Medes. “The first year” refers to the first year that he was king. Alternate translation: “In the first year of the reign of Darius” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
780
DAN
11
2
eq9g
0
Three kings will arise in Persia
“Three kings will rule over Persia”Alternate translation: “Three kings will rule over Persia”
781
DAN
11
2
ed2c
translate-ordinal
0
a fourth will be far richer than all the others
“after them a fourth king will come into power who will have more money than the three before him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
782
DAN
11
2
dk4x
0
power
This could mean: (1) authority or (2) military power.
783
DAN
11
2
e62r
0
he will stir up everyone
“he will cause everyone to want to fight”Alternate translation: “he will cause everyone to want to fight”
784
DAN
11
3
y2cv
0
General Information:
The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
785
DAN
11
3
l9xy
figs-metaphor
0
A mighty king will rise up
The idea of rising up or standing is often used for someone who becomes powerful. Alternate translation: “A mighty king will begin to reign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
786
DAN
11
3
xg79
0
who will rule a very great kingdom
This could mean: (1) that the size of this kingdom would be very great, or (2) that the king would rule his kingdom with very great power.
801
DAN
11
7
jj5j
0
He will fight them
Here “them” represents the soldiers of the enemy army. Alternate translation: “He will fight the enemy soldiers”
802
DAN
11
9
lpm6
0
but he will withdraw
The word “he” refers to the king of the North.
803
DAN
11
10
l8lr
0
General Information:
The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
804
DAN
11
10
b8ne
0
His sons
“The sons of the king of the North”Alternate translation: “The sons of the king of the North”
805
DAN
11
10
d4ad
0
assemble a great army
“gather together many men who can fight in battles”Alternate translation: “gather together many men who can fight in battles”
806
DAN
11
10
t3xu
figs-simile
0
will flood everything
The way the large army covers the land will be like a flood of water. Alternate translation: “will be so great in number that they will cover all the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
807
DAN
11
11
m2y4
0
General Information:
The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
808
DAN
11
11
z45y
0
will raise up a great army
“will assemble a great army”Alternate translation: “will assemble a great army”
809
DAN
11
11
wzt8
figs-activepassive
0
the army will be given into his hand
Here “hand” represents the control of the king of the South. Alternate translation: “the king will surrender the army to the king of the South” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
810
DAN
11
12
dv6k
figs-activepassive
0
The army will be carried off
This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “The king of the South will capture the army of the North” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
811
DAN
11
12
sc8a
figs-metaphor
0
will be lifted up
Being lifted up represents the idea of becoming very proud. Alternate translation: “will become very proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
822
DAN
11
15
tqb1
0
pour out earth for siege mounds
This refers to the piling up of earth in order for soldiers to reach the height of city walls in order to attack them. Soldiers and slaves would put loose earth in baskets, carry them to the right place, and pour it out in order to raise the mounds.
823
DAN
11
15
f3vi
0
fortifications
walls and other things built to defend a city or fort from enemy soldiers
824
DAN
11
15
em5h
figs-metonymy
0
will not be able to stand
Here standing represents the ability to fight. Alternate translation: “will not be able to keep fighting against them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
825
DAN
11
16
nm4j
0
the one who comes will act according to his desires against him
“the invading king will do whatever he wants against the other king”Alternate translation: “the invading king will do whatever he wants against the other king”
826
DAN
11
16
zl4i
figs-metonymy
0
He will stand in
Here standing represents ruling. Alternate translation: “The king will begin to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
827
DAN
11
16
d31f
0
the land of beauty
This refers to the land of Israel. See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:9](../08/09.md).
828
DAN
11
16
bmr3
figs-metaphor
0
destruction will be in his hand
Here “destruction” represents the power to destroy. Also, the power to destroy is spoken of as if it were something that someone could hold in his hand. Alternate translation: “he will have power to destroy anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
830
DAN
11
17
cr5f
figs-idiom
0
set his face
This is an idiom for a person deciding to do something and not being willing to change his mind. Alternate translation: “decide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
831
DAN
11
17
hz1p
figs-metonymy
0
come with the strength of his entire kingdom
This probably refers to military power. Alternate translation: “come with the force of all his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
832
DAN
11
17
pl8v
figs-idiom
0
a daughter of women
This is an elegant way of saying “a woman.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
833
DAN
11
18
y98a
0
will end his arrogance
“will make the king of the North stop being arrogant”Alternate translation: “will make the king of the North stop being arrogant”
834
DAN
11
18
t5p9
0
will cause his arrogance to turn back upon him
“will cause the king of the North to suffer because he was arrogant toward others”Alternate translation: “will cause the king of the North to suffer because he was arrogant toward others”
835
DAN
11
19
ef5y
0
he will pay attention
“the king of the North will pay attention”Alternate translation: “the king of the North will pay attention”
836
DAN
11
19
x9wd
figs-idiom
0
he will not be found
This is a way of saying that he will die. This idea can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will disappear” or “he will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
837
DAN
11
20
yg3t
0
General Information:
The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
838
DAN
11
20
kdc5
figs-metaphor
0
someone will rise up in his place
Rising up in a king’s place represents becoming king in place of the previous king. Alternate translation: “another man will become king of the North instead of that king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
845
DAN
11
22
kdw5
0
the leader of the covenant
“the leader of the priests.” This phrase refers to the person who filled the most important religious position that God required in his covenant, that of the high priest.
846
DAN
11
23
hq64
0
General Information:
The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
847
DAN
11
23
ws3q
figs-activepassive
0
From the time an alliance is made with him
This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When other rulers make a peace treaty with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
848
DAN
11
24
ml78
0
will spread among his followers
“will distribute to his followers”Alternate translation: “will distribute to his followers”
849
DAN
11
24
e41l
0
the booty, the plunder, and the wealth
“the valuable things that he and his army take from the people they defeat”Alternate translation: “the valuable things that he and his army take from the people they defeat”
850
DAN
11
25
skn8
0
General Information:
The angel continues speaking to Daniel.
851
DAN
11
25
gu4a
figs-personification
0
He will wake up his power and his heart
Power and heart (that is, courage) are spoken of as if they were people whom someone could wake up in order to make them act. Alternate translation: “He will make himself powerful and will become courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
852
DAN
11
25
xr4i
figs-metaphor
0
heart
Here this represents courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
853
DAN
11
25
l4sg
0
with a great army
“with a great army that he will assemble”Alternate translation: “with a great army that he will assemble”
854
DAN
11
25
iy35
0
will wage war
“will fight against him”Alternate translation: “will fight against him”
855
DAN
11
25
a8rn
figs-metaphor
0
he will not stand
Not standing represents being defeated. Alternate translation: “the king of the South will be defeated” or “his army will be defeated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
856
DAN
11
26
q6x3
figs-metonymy
0
those who eat his fine food
This refers to the king’s advisers. It was usual for a king’s most trusted advisers to eat meals with him. Alternate translation: “the king’s best advisers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
857
DAN
11
26
ia23
figs-metaphor
0
His army will be swept away like a flood
Here the severe defeat of an army is spoken of as a flood of water that completely sweeps it away. Alternate translation: “The enemy will completely defeat his army” or “His enemy will completely destroy his army as a flood destroys everything in its path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
858
DAN
11
26
vhr4
figs-idiom
0
many of them will fall killed
Here “fall” is an idiom that refers to dying in battle, so “fall” and “killed” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “many of his soldiers will die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
859
DAN
11
27
uf6f
figs-metaphor
0
with their hearts set on evil against each other
Here “heart” represents a person’s desires. Desires are spoken of here as if they were an object that someone could set or place in a certain position. Alternate translation: “each determined to do evil to the other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
860
DAN
11
27
hy3i
figs-metonymy
0
will sit at the same table
Sitting at the same table represents the act of talking to each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
861
DAN
11
27
l9y8
0
but it will be of no use
“but their talking will not help them”Alternate translation: “but their talking will not help them”
862
DAN
11
27
yqf8
figs-activepassive
0
For the end will come at the time that has been fixed
This tells why their meetings will not be successful. Alternate translation: “The result of their actions will only come at the time that God has fixed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
863
DAN
11
28
gj2c
figs-metonymy
0
riches, with his heart set against the holy covenant
Here “heart” represents the mind or thoughts of a person. The idiom “his heart set against” means to be determined to oppose something. This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “riches. He will be determined to oppose the holy covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
864
DAN
11
28
bn8y
figs-metonymy
0
with his heart set against the holy covenant
The king’s desire to act against the holy covenant represents his desire to stop the Israelites from obeying that covenant. Alternate translation: “determined to stop the Israelites from obeying the holy covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
866
DAN
11
28
cg5d
figs-explicit
0
He will act
This implies that the king will do certain actions in Israel. Alternate translation: “He will do what he wants to in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
867
DAN
11
30
ql6s
figs-metonymy
0
ships of Kittim will come against him
The ships represent the army coming in those ships. Alternate translation: “an army will come from Kittim in ships in order to fight his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
868
DAN
11
30
vt1j
translate-names
0
Kittim
This may refer to a settlement on the island of Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
869
DAN
11
30
n36n
0
He will be furious against the holy covenant
“He will hate the holy covenant”Alternate translation: “He will hate the holy covenant”
870
DAN
11
30
y4cm
0
will show favor to those
“will act in favor for those” or “will help those”Alternate translation: “will act in favor for those” or “will help those”
871
DAN
11
31
n2xy
figs-idiom
0
His forces will rise up
“His army will appear” or “His army will come.” The word “His” refers to the king of the North. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
872
DAN
11
31
cjf5
0
the fortress sanctuary
“the sanctuary that the people use as a fortress”Alternate translation: “the sanctuary that the people use as a fortress”
873
DAN
11
31
gq2g
figs-metaphor
0
They will take away the regular burnt offering
Taking away the offering represents preventing people from offering it. Alternate translation: “They will stop the priests from presenting the regular burnt offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
874
DAN
11
31
e91v
figs-idiom
0
the abomination that causes desolation
This refers to an idol that will make the temple desolate, that is, that will cause God to leave his temple. Alternate translation: “the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple” or “the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
875
DAN
11
32
g7nd
0
acted wickedly against the covenant
“wickedly disobeyed the covenant”Alternate translation: “wickedly disobeyed the covenant”
876
DAN
11
32
qcz6
0
corrupt them
“persuade them to do evil”Alternate translation: “persuade them to do evil”
877
DAN
11
32
th7n
figs-metonymy
0
who know their God
Here “know” means “be faithful.” Alternate translation: “who are faithful to their God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
878
DAN
11
32
v4tg
0
will be strong and will take action
“will be firm and resist them”Alternate translation: “will be firm and resist them”
879
DAN
11
33
fs3l
figs-metaphor
0
they will stumble by the sword and by flame
Here “stumble” is a metaphor that represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. Here “sword” represents battles and warfare, and “flame” represents fire. Alternate translation: “they will die in battle and by burning to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
880
DAN
11
33
i91v
0
they
This refers to the wise persons among the Israelites.
881
DAN
11
33
kc6h
figs-metaphor
0
they will stumble into captivity and into being robbed for days
Here “stumble” is a metaphor that represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. The phrase “being robbed” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will become slaves and their enemies will rob them of their possessions for days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
891
DAN
11
35
xl1l
figs-metaphor
0
purifying
This idea is very similar to refining, discussed earlier. Metal that is refined can also be said to be purified. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
892
DAN
11
35
p8p8
0
time of the end
“the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md).
893
DAN
11
35
a7hv
0
the appointed time is still to come
Here “appointed time” implies that God has set the time. This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has set the time in the future”
894
DAN
11
36
ytf5
0
The king will act according to his desires
“The king will do whatever he wants”Alternate translation: “The king will do whatever he wants”
895
DAN
11
36
pn6u
0
The king
This refers to the king of the North.
896
DAN
11
36
v9x7
figs-doublet
0
lift himself up and make himself great
The phrases “lift himself up” and “make himself great” mean the same thing and indicate that the king will become very proud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
897
DAN
11
36
sy4c
figs-metaphor
0
lift himself up
Here this represents becoming very proud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
898
DAN
11
36
z6yk
figs-metaphor
0
make himself great
Here this represents pretending to be very important and powerful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
899
DAN
11
36
w4pm
figs-idiom
0
the God of gods
This refers to the one true God. Alternate translation: “the supreme God” or “the only true God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
900
DAN
11
36
s173
0
astonishing things
“terrible things” or “shocking things”Alternate translation: “terrible things” or “shocking things”
901
DAN
11
36
m82m
figs-metaphor
0
until the wrath is completed
This phrase pictures God as storing up his wrath until his storeroom is completely full of it and he is ready to act according to it. Alternate translation: “until God is completely angry with him” or “until God is angry enough to take action against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
902
DAN
11
37
swa4
0
the god desirable to women
This seems to refer to the pagan god named Tammuz.
903
DAN
11
38
a7fh
0
the god of fortresses
The king probably believed that this false god would help him to attack other people’s fortresses and keep his own. Alternate translation: “the god that controls fortresses”
920
DAN
11
44
m79f
0
General Information:
This is still about the king of the North.
921
DAN
11
44
et68
figs-abstractnouns
0
he will go out with great rage
The abstract noun “rage” can be expressed with the word “angry.” It can be stated clearly that he would go out with his army. Alternate translation: “he will be very angry and will go out” or “he will become very angry and will go out with his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
922
DAN
11
44
n5ju
figs-metonymy
0
go out
To “go out” represents the action of attacking the enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
923
DAN
11
44
dsf1
0
to set many apart for destruction
“to destroy many people”Alternate translation: “to destroy many people”
924
DAN
11
45
cil2
0
the tent of his royal residence
This refers to the king’s luxurious tents that he lived in when he was with his army in time of war.
925
DAN
11
45
dk8u
0
between the seas and the mountain of the beauty of holiness
This probably refers to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and Temple Mount in Jerusalem.
926
DAN
11
45
k8sp
figs-metonymy
0
the mountain of the beauty of holiness
This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where God’s temple was. See how you translated somewhat similar phrases in [Daniel 9:16](../09/16.md) and [Daniel 9:20](../09/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
938
DAN
12
4
mb3v
0
time of the end
“the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md).
939
DAN
12
4
krj6
figs-explicit
0
Many will run here and there, and knowledge will increase
This seems to happen before “the time of the end” during which time the book is sealed. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Before that happens, many people will travel here and there, learning more and more about many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
940
DAN
12
5
q8a8
0
General Information:
Daniel goes on to tell what he saw next in this vision that began in [Daniel 10:1](../10/01.md).
941
DAN
12
5
mxu1
0
there were two others standing
“there were two other angels standing”Alternate translation: “there were two other angels standing”
942
DAN
12
6
d2x2
figs-activepassive
0
the man clothed in linen
This refers to the angel who appeared to Daniel in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md), not to one of the angels who is standing beside the river. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
943
DAN
12
6
cw1u
0
upstream along the river
This could mean: (1) the angel clothed in linen was above the river or (2) the angel was further upstream along the river.
944
DAN
12
6
x2yz
0
How long will it be to the end of these amazing events?
“How long will these amazing events last?” This refers to the time from the beginning to the end of the events.
945
DAN
12
6
g6y7
0
these amazing events
At the time when the angel spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11.
946
DAN
12
7
z28b
figs-activepassive
0
the man clothed in linen
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
947
DAN
12
7
s5j3
0
the one who lives forever
“God, who lives forever”Alternate translation: “God, who lives forever”
948
DAN
12
7
i56r
0
it would be for a time, times, and half a time
It is best to leave it ambiguous as to when this begins. If you must choose a starting point, the three and a half years probably start with the events of [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md).
949
DAN
12
7
rue1
0
a time, times, and half a time
“three and a half years.” These “times” are generally understood to refer to years. One and two and a half equal three and a half.
950
DAN
12
7
fme6
figs-activepassive
0
all these things will be completed
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all these things will have happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
958
DAN
12
10
nnz4
0
refined
purified by removing anything that does not belong in them
959
DAN
12
10
b2dg
0
but the wicked will act wickedly
The evil people will do evil or sinful things.
960
DAN
12
10
z62c
0
None of the wicked will understand
The evil people can not understand spiritual knowledge.
961
DAN
12
10
j874
0
but those who are wise will understand
“but those who obey Yahweh are wise and will understand”Alternate translation: “but those who obey Yahweh are wise and will understand”
962
DAN
12
11
ux9k
figs-explicit
0
the regular burnt offering is … is set up
The king of the north is the one who stops the temple sacrifices. Alternate translation: “the king of the North takes away the regular burnt offering and sets up the abomination that causes complete desolation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
963
DAN
12
11
cg65
figs-idiom
0
the abomination that causes complete desolation
This refers to an idol that will make the temple desolate, that is, that will cause God to leave his temple. See how you translated this in [Daniel 11:31](../11/31.md). Alternate translation: “the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple” or “the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
964
DAN
12
11
f32x
translate-numbers
0
1,290 days
“one thousand two and hundred ninety days” or “twelve hundred and ninety days.” Here “days” refers to a period of time. Most commonly rendered as days, but can also imply years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
965
DAN
12
12
f6x5
0
General Information:
The angel clothed in linen continues speaking to Daniel.
966
DAN
12
12
gpx3
0
Blessed is the one who waits
“Blessed is the person who waits” or “Blessed is anyone who waits”Alternate translation: “Blessed is the person who waits” or “Blessed is anyone who waits”
“one thousand three hundred and thirty-five days” or “thirteen hundred and thirty-five days.” Here “days” is referring to a period of time most commonly rendered as days. However, it can also imply years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
969
DAN
12
13
md7k
0
You must go
“Daniel, you must go” This refers to Daniel continuing to live and serve the kings until the appointed time of his death.
970
DAN
12
13
gv9d
figs-euphemism
0
you will rest
This is a gentle way of saying “you will die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
971
DAN
12
13
kjx5
0
You will rise
This is referring to the first resurrection of the dead when the righteous people will be raised up.
972
DAN
12
13
vf3x
0
the place assigned to you
“the place God has assigned to you”Alternate translation: “the place God has assigned to you”
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ HOS 2 intro h75z 0 # Hosea 2 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>
HOS 2 1 qq88 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
HOS 2 1 if49 figs-exclamations 0 My people! This exclamation may be presented as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are my people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
HOS 2 1 z5an figs-activepassive 0 You have been shown compassion This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has shown you compassion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 2 1 e5gw 0 compassion “kindness” or “mercy”
HOS 2 1 e5gw 0 compassion Alternate translation: “kindness” or “mercy”
HOS 2 2 d1d5 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
HOS 2 2 t1g6 0 lawsuit This is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law.
HOS 2 2 d9bq figs-metaphor 0 your mother Here “mother” refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ HOS 2 12 bqk9 figs-metaphor 0 These are the wages that my lovers gave me This r
HOS 2 12 f2fc figs-metaphor 0 make them a forest Yahweh will destroy the vineyards and fruit trees by allowing other trees and weeds to grow among them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 2 13 i7k2 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
HOS 2 14 a2gy 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh is speaking about Israel.
HOS 2 14 uxh6 0 So I am going to win her back “I, Yahweh, will bring her back to me”
HOS 2 14 uxh6 0 So I am going to win her back Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, will bring her back to me”
HOS 2 15 cf8d 0 the Valley of Achor as a door of hope As Yahweh lead Israel out of Egypt, he will lead Israel to the Valley of Achor so that Israel will hope again in Yahweh.
HOS 2 15 sql9 figs-metaphor 0 She will answer me there as she did in the days of her youth, as in the days that she came out of the land of Egypt Yahweh hopes that the nation of Israel will repent and again choose to worship him as their God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 2 15 hhr5 0 She will answer Some modern versions understand the Hebrew word to mean “She will sing.”
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ HOS 3 2 e35q translate-bvolume 0 a homer and a lethek of barley This can be sta
HOS 3 4 s5dq 0 For the people of Israel will live for many days without a king, prince, sacrifice, stone pillar, ephod or household idols Just as Hosea lived without his wife because she committed adultery, Israel will live without a king and without worshiping God, because they committed idolatry.
HOS 3 5 klf5 0 seek Yahweh their God Here “seek” means they are asking God to accept them and their worship.
HOS 3 5 ce6i figs-metonymy 0 David their king Here “David” represents all the descendants of David. Alternate translation: “a descendant of David to be their king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 3 5 plr4 0 in the last days “in the future”
HOS 3 5 plr4 0 in the last days Alternate translation: “in the future”
HOS 3 5 h6db figs-metonymy 0 they will come trembling before Yahweh and his goodness Here “trembling” represents feelings of awe and humility. Alternate translation: “they will come back to Yahweh and will humble themselves, honor him, and ask for his blessings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
HOS 4 intro m65b 0 # Hosea 4 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The author stops using the metaphor of a husband/wife relationship and begins using a new illustration using lawsuits. God is suing the people of Israel because of all the wrong they have done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Lawsuits<br><br>Lawsuits are special cases where people go to court when they have a legal issue to resolve between them. Normally, one party is accusing another party of having done wrong.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metonymy<br><br>Metonymy is used in the first few verses of this chapter. Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a thing or idea is called not by its own name, but by the name of something closely associated with it. Bloodshed is associated with murder. Stumbling represents sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
HOS 4 1 k5fr 0 General Information: This chapter begins Yahweh’s argument against the unfaithful Israelites.
@ -112,10 +112,10 @@ HOS 4 7 g6wy figs-metonymy 0 They exchanged their honor for shame This could me
HOS 4 8 j2qz 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about the priests.
HOS 4 8 ajz2 figs-explicit 0 They feed on the sin of my people When people sinned, they would offer sacrifices so God would forgive them. The priests were allowed to eat these sacrifices. The priests eating these sacrifices for sin is spoken of as if they would actually feed on the people’s sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 4 8 e3kk figs-explicit 0 they are greedy for more of their wickedness The priests want the people to sin more so that the people will offer more sacrifices that the priests may eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
HOS 4 9 lv38 0 It will be the same for the people as for the priests “The people and the priests will be punished in the same way”
HOS 4 9 xfi6 0 their practices “their habits” or “their conduct”
HOS 4 9 lv38 0 It will be the same for the people as for the priests Alternate translation: “The people and the priests will be punished in the same way”
HOS 4 9 xfi6 0 their practices Alternate translation: “their habits” or “their conduct”
HOS 4 10 y17j 0 General Information: Yahweh is talking about Israel.
HOS 4 10 p57j 0 but not increase “but not have children”
HOS 4 10 p57j 0 but not increase Alternate translation: “but not have children”
HOS 4 10 az6x 0 they have gone far away The people have stopped worshiping and following God.
HOS 4 10 j8tw figs-123person 0 from Yahweh Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
HOS 4 11 da24 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh is talking about Israel.
@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ HOS 5 8 uh2c 0 General Information: Yahweh is talking about Israel.
HOS 5 8 tj5p figs-doublet 0 Blow the horn in Gibeah, and the trumpet in Ramah Here “horn” and “trumpet” mean the same thing. This command is given to the people of Gibeah and Ramah to emphasize that the enemy is coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
HOS 5 8 s184 figs-synecdoche 0 Sound a battle cry at Beth Aven: ‘We will follow you, Benjamin!’ Here “Benjamin” represents the soldiers from the tribe of Benjamin. This may be a request for them to lead the people into battle. But modern versions make various attempts to interpret this expression. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
HOS 5 8 ail1 translate-names 0 Beth Aven This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. See how you translated this in [Hosea 4:15](../04/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
HOS 5 9 n3pe 0 Among the tribes of Israel I have declared what is certain to happen “I will do to the tribes of Israel what I have declared”
HOS 5 9 n3pe 0 Among the tribes of Israel I have declared what is certain to happen Alternate translation: “I will do to the tribes of Israel what I have declared”
HOS 5 10 x6j7 0 General Information: Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel.
HOS 5 10 jdz8 figs-simile 0 The leaders of Judah are like those who move a boundary stone To “move a boundary stone” refers to moving the landmark that marked the border of some property, which was a crime under Israelite law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HOS 5 10 wbd7 figs-metaphor 0 I will pour my wrath on them like water Yahweh’s wrath against Judah will be like a large stream of water that destroys them. In the scriptures, emotions and moral qualities are often spoken of as if they were liquids. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ HOS 6 4 e5w6 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh is speaking.
HOS 6 4 e69c figs-rquestion 0 what will I do with you? God is expressing that his patience is coming to an end and what remains is judgment. Alternate translation: “it is hard to know what to do with you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
HOS 6 5 n7z6 figs-metaphor 0 So I have cut them to pieces by the prophets Through his prophets, Yahweh has pronounced destruction on the rebellious nation. The destruction, here called “cutting to pieces,” is as sure as the condemnation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 6 5 kr95 figs-simile 0 Your decrees are like the light that shines out Here the prophet Hosea is speaking to God. He may mean that when God gives the command for someone to die as punishment, it is like a bolt of lightning that strikes. Or he may mean that God’s commandments allow people to know the truth, just as light makes objects visible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
HOS 6 5 vv2v 0 Your decrees “Yahweh’s commands”
HOS 6 5 vv2v 0 Your decrees Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s commands”
HOS 6 6 r5ls 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
HOS 6 6 vj1l 0 For I desire faithfulness and not sacrifice This grammatical construction in Hebrew signals here the idea of “more than,” as the next line shows (“and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings”). Alternate translation: “For I desire faithfulness more than sacrifice”
HOS 6 7 xuu2 figs-metonymy 0 Like Adam This could mean: (1) this refers to Adam, the first man or (2) this is a metonym that represents the people who live in a city in Israel called Adam. Alternate translation: “Like the people in the city of Adam” or (3) this refers to people in general. The word “Adam” means “man” or “humankind.” Alternate translation: “Like all of humankind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ HOS 8 intro sj97 0 # Hosea 8 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>
HOS 8 1 iyy7 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking about the coming of the Assyrian army to attack the northern kingdom.
HOS 8 1 rq62 figs-metaphor 0 An eagle is coming over the house of Yahweh The eagle, a bird of prey, is sometimes used to represent the enemies of Israel. Alternate translation: “As an eagle hunts another animal, the enemies of Israel are coming to capture my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 8 1 tc1q figs-metaphor 0 broken my covenant Here “broken” represents “disobeyed,” “violated.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
HOS 8 2 hq2r 0 know you “are faithful to you”
HOS 8 2 hq2r 0 know you Alternate translation: “are faithful to you”
HOS 8 4 hqd2 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
HOS 8 4 h5ag figs-activepassive 0 but it was only so they might be cut off This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but the result will be that I will destroy the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
HOS 8 5 p53a figs-123person 0 Your calf has been rejected This could mean: (1) this is the prophet speaking. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has rejected your calf” or (2) Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: “I myself have rejected your calf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1
Book
Chapter
Verse
ID
SupportReference
OrigQuote
Occurrence
GLQuote
OccurrenceNote
26
HOS
2
1
qq88
0
Connecting Statement:
Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
27
HOS
2
1
if49
figs-exclamations
0
My people!
This exclamation may be presented as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are my people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
28
HOS
2
1
z5an
figs-activepassive
0
You have been shown compassion
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has shown you compassion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
29
HOS
2
1
e5gw
0
compassion
“kindness” or “mercy”Alternate translation: “kindness” or “mercy”
30
HOS
2
2
d1d5
0
General Information:
Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
31
HOS
2
2
t1g6
0
lawsuit
This is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law.
32
HOS
2
2
d9bq
figs-metaphor
0
your mother
Here “mother” refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
55
HOS
2
12
f2fc
figs-metaphor
0
make them a forest
Yahweh will destroy the vineyards and fruit trees by allowing other trees and weeds to grow among them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
56
HOS
2
13
i7k2
figs-123person
0
this is Yahweh’s declaration
Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
57
HOS
2
14
a2gy
0
Connecting Statement:
Yahweh is speaking about Israel.
58
HOS
2
14
uxh6
0
So I am going to win her back
“I, Yahweh, will bring her back to me”Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, will bring her back to me”
59
HOS
2
15
cf8d
0
the Valley of Achor as a door of hope
As Yahweh lead Israel out of Egypt, he will lead Israel to the Valley of Achor so that Israel will hope again in Yahweh.
60
HOS
2
15
sql9
figs-metaphor
0
She will answer me there as she did in the days of her youth, as in the days that she came out of the land of Egypt
Yahweh hopes that the nation of Israel will repent and again choose to worship him as their God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
61
HOS
2
15
hhr5
0
She will answer
Some modern versions understand the Hebrew word to mean “She will sing.”
89
HOS
3
4
s5dq
0
For the people of Israel will live for many days without a king, prince, sacrifice, stone pillar, ephod or household idols
Just as Hosea lived without his wife because she committed adultery, Israel will live without a king and without worshiping God, because they committed idolatry.
90
HOS
3
5
klf5
0
seek Yahweh their God
Here “seek” means they are asking God to accept them and their worship.
91
HOS
3
5
ce6i
figs-metonymy
0
David their king
Here “David” represents all the descendants of David. Alternate translation: “a descendant of David to be their king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
92
HOS
3
5
plr4
0
in the last days
“in the future”Alternate translation: “in the future”
93
HOS
3
5
h6db
figs-metonymy
0
they will come trembling before Yahweh and his goodness
Here “trembling” represents feelings of awe and humility. Alternate translation: “they will come back to Yahweh and will humble themselves, honor him, and ask for his blessings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
94
HOS
4
intro
m65b
0
# Hosea 4 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The author stops using the metaphor of a husband/wife relationship and begins using a new illustration using lawsuits. God is suing the people of Israel because of all the wrong they have done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Lawsuits<br><br>Lawsuits are special cases where people go to court when they have a legal issue to resolve between them. Normally, one party is accusing another party of having done wrong.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metonymy<br><br>Metonymy is used in the first few verses of this chapter. Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a thing or idea is called not by its own name, but by the name of something closely associated with it. Bloodshed is associated with murder. Stumbling represents sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
95
HOS
4
1
k5fr
0
General Information:
This chapter begins Yahweh’s argument against the unfaithful Israelites.
112
HOS
4
8
j2qz
0
General Information:
Yahweh continues speaking about the priests.
113
HOS
4
8
ajz2
figs-explicit
0
They feed on the sin of my people
When people sinned, they would offer sacrifices so God would forgive them. The priests were allowed to eat these sacrifices. The priests eating these sacrifices for sin is spoken of as if they would actually feed on the people’s sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
114
HOS
4
8
e3kk
figs-explicit
0
they are greedy for more of their wickedness
The priests want the people to sin more so that the people will offer more sacrifices that the priests may eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
115
HOS
4
9
lv38
0
It will be the same for the people as for the priests
“The people and the priests will be punished in the same way”Alternate translation: “The people and the priests will be punished in the same way”
116
HOS
4
9
xfi6
0
their practices
“their habits” or “their conduct”Alternate translation: “their habits” or “their conduct”
117
HOS
4
10
y17j
0
General Information:
Yahweh is talking about Israel.
118
HOS
4
10
p57j
0
but not increase
“but not have children”Alternate translation: “but not have children”
119
HOS
4
10
az6x
0
they have gone far away
The people have stopped worshiping and following God.
120
HOS
4
10
j8tw
figs-123person
0
from Yahweh
Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
121
HOS
4
11
da24
0
Connecting Statement:
Yahweh is talking about Israel.
160
HOS
5
8
tj5p
figs-doublet
0
Blow the horn in Gibeah, and the trumpet in Ramah
Here “horn” and “trumpet” mean the same thing. This command is given to the people of Gibeah and Ramah to emphasize that the enemy is coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
161
HOS
5
8
s184
figs-synecdoche
0
Sound a battle cry at Beth Aven: ‘We will follow you, Benjamin!’
Here “Benjamin” represents the soldiers from the tribe of Benjamin. This may be a request for them to lead the people into battle. But modern versions make various attempts to interpret this expression. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
162
HOS
5
8
ail1
translate-names
0
Beth Aven
This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. See how you translated this in [Hosea 4:15](../04/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
163
HOS
5
9
n3pe
0
Among the tribes of Israel I have declared what is certain to happen
“I will do to the tribes of Israel what I have declared”Alternate translation: “I will do to the tribes of Israel what I have declared”
164
HOS
5
10
x6j7
0
General Information:
Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel.
165
HOS
5
10
jdz8
figs-simile
0
The leaders of Judah are like those who move a boundary stone
To “move a boundary stone” refers to moving the landmark that marked the border of some property, which was a crime under Israelite law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
166
HOS
5
10
wbd7
figs-metaphor
0
I will pour my wrath on them like water
Yahweh’s wrath against Judah will be like a large stream of water that destroys them. In the scriptures, emotions and moral qualities are often spoken of as if they were liquids. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
192
HOS
6
4
e69c
figs-rquestion
0
what will I do with you?
God is expressing that his patience is coming to an end and what remains is judgment. Alternate translation: “it is hard to know what to do with you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
193
HOS
6
5
n7z6
figs-metaphor
0
So I have cut them to pieces by the prophets
Through his prophets, Yahweh has pronounced destruction on the rebellious nation. The destruction, here called “cutting to pieces,” is as sure as the condemnation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
194
HOS
6
5
kr95
figs-simile
0
Your decrees are like the light that shines out
Here the prophet Hosea is speaking to God. He may mean that when God gives the command for someone to die as punishment, it is like a bolt of lightning that strikes. Or he may mean that God’s commandments allow people to know the truth, just as light makes objects visible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
This grammatical construction in Hebrew signals here the idea of “more than,” as the next line shows (“and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings”). Alternate translation: “For I desire faithfulness more than sacrifice”
198
HOS
6
7
xuu2
figs-metonymy
0
Like Adam
This could mean: (1) this refers to Adam, the first man or (2) this is a metonym that represents the people who live in a city in Israel called Adam. Alternate translation: “Like the people in the city of Adam” or (3) this refers to people in general. The word “Adam” means “man” or “humankind.” Alternate translation: “Like all of humankind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
251
HOS
8
1
iyy7
0
General Information:
Yahweh is speaking about the coming of the Assyrian army to attack the northern kingdom.
252
HOS
8
1
rq62
figs-metaphor
0
An eagle is coming over the house of Yahweh
The eagle, a bird of prey, is sometimes used to represent the enemies of Israel. Alternate translation: “As an eagle hunts another animal, the enemies of Israel are coming to capture my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
253
HOS
8
1
tc1q
figs-metaphor
0
broken my covenant
Here “broken” represents “disobeyed,” “violated.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
254
HOS
8
2
hq2r
0
know you
“are faithful to you”Alternate translation: “are faithful to you”
255
HOS
8
4
hqd2
0
General Information:
Yahweh is speaking.
256
HOS
8
4
h5ag
figs-activepassive
0
but it was only so they might be cut off
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but the result will be that I will destroy the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
257
HOS
8
5
p53a
figs-123person
0
Your calf has been rejected
This could mean: (1) this is the prophet speaking. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has rejected your calf” or (2) Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: “I myself have rejected your calf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JOL 2 14 a2av figs-rquestion יָשׁ֣וּב וְנִחָ֑ם וְהִשְׁאִ֤יר אַֽחֲרָיו֙ בְּרָכָ֔ה מִנְחָ֣ה וָנֶ֔סֶךְ לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם 1 Will he perhaps turn … God? This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Perhaps Yahweh will turn from his anger … God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOL 2 14 xys3 וְהִשְׁאִ֤יר אַֽחֲרָיו֙ בְּרָכָ֔ה מִנְחָ֣ה וָנֶ֔סֶךְ 1 leave a blessing behind him, a grain offering and a drink offering “leave behind him a blessing—that is, a grain offering and a drink offering.” The blessing is that plenty of grain and grapes will ripen, and so the people will be able to offer grain and drink offerings.
JOL 2 16 jzj1 מֵחֻפָּתָֽהּ 1 bridal chambers rooms, usually in the parents’ houses, where brides would wait for their wedding ceremonies
JOL 2 17 fek9 וְאַל־תִּתֵּ֨ן נַחֲלָתְךָ֤ לְחֶרְפָּה֙ 1 do not make your inheritance into an object of scorn “do not allow your inheritance to become people whom the other nations regard as worthless”
JOL 2 17 fek9 וְאַל־תִּתֵּ֨ן נַחֲלָתְךָ֤ לְחֶרְפָּה֙ 1 do not make your inheritance into an object of scorn Alternate translation: “do not allow your inheritance to become people whom the other nations regard as worthless”
JOL 2 17 kqr6 figs-metaphor נַחֲלָתְךָ֤ 1 your inheritance Here the people of Israel are spoken of as God’s inheritance. Alternate translation: “your special people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 2 17 ey9s figs-rquestion לָ֚מָּה יֹאמְר֣וּ בָֽעַמִּ֔ים אַיֵּ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם 1 Why should they say among the nations, ‘Where is their God?’ This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Other nations should not be able to say, ‘Their God does not help them.’” or “Other nations should not be able to say that the God of Israel has abandoned his people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOL 2 18 xeg7 לְאַרְצ֑וֹ 1 his land “the nation of Israel”
JOL 2 18 im7l עַמּֽוֹ 1 his people “the people of Israel”
JOL 2 19 lu18 הִנְנִ֨י 1 Look “Pay attention to what I am about to say”
JOL 2 19 jde5 וּשְׂבַעְתֶּ֖ם אֹת֑ 1 You will be satisfied with them “You will have all you need of them”
JOL 2 19 tqc6 חֶרְפָּ֖ה 1 a disgrace “unworthy of respect”
JOL 2 18 xeg7 לְאַרְצ֑וֹ 1 his land Alternate translation: “the nation of Israel”
JOL 2 18 im7l עַמּֽוֹ 1 his people Alternate translation: “the people of Israel”
JOL 2 19 lu18 הִנְנִ֨י 1 Look Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to say”
JOL 2 19 jde5 וּשְׂבַעְתֶּ֖ם אֹת֑ 1 You will be satisfied with them Alternate translation: “You will have all you need of them”
JOL 2 19 tqc6 חֶרְפָּ֖ה 1 a disgrace Alternate translation: “unworthy of respect”
JOL 2 20 q49d 0 General Information: God continues his promise to Israel.
JOL 2 20 khh7 הַצְּפוֹנִ֞י…הַקַּדְמֹנִ֔י…הָאַֽחֲר֑וֹן 1 northern … eastern … western These directions are from the perspective of people living in the land of Israel.
JOL 2 20 v9xy הַיָּם֙ הַקַּדְמֹנִ֔י 1 the eastern sea the Dead Sea
@ -89,34 +89,34 @@ JOL 2 20 k6n8 הִגְדִּ֖יל לַעֲשֽׂוֹת 1 he has done great
JOL 2 21 g3z3 figs-apostrophe אַל־תִּֽירְאִ֖י אֲדָמָ֑ה 1 Do not fear, land Joel speaks to the people of the land as if he were speaking to the land itself. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid, you people of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JOL 2 22 n9lm figs-apostrophe אַל־תִּֽירְאוּ֙ בַּהֲמ֣וֹת שָׂדַ֔י 1 Do not fear, beasts of the field Joel speaks to people who own livestock as if he were speaking to the animals themselves. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid, you people who own livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JOL 2 22 t5ty figs-metonymy דָשְׁא֖וּ נְא֣וֹת מִדְבָּ֑ר 1 the pastures of the wilderness will sprout The pastures are a metonym for the plants that grow in the pastures. Alternate translation: “plants good for food will sprout in the pastures in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOL 2 23 xlq6 נָתַ֥ן…וַיּ֣וֹרֶד לָכֶ֗ם גֶּ֛שֶׁם 1 he will … bring down showers for you “he will … cause much rain to fall so that you will live well”
JOL 2 23 xlq6 נָתַ֥ן…וַיּ֣וֹרֶד לָכֶ֗ם גֶּ֛שֶׁם 1 he will … bring down showers for you Alternate translation: “he will … cause much rain to fall so that you will live well”
JOL 2 23 vnx8 מוֹרֶ֥ה וּמַלְק֖וֹשׁ 1 autumn rain and the spring rain the first rains of the rainy season in early December and the last rains in April and May
JOL 2 24 gw97 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh begins a long speech to the Israelites.
JOL 2 24 p8u1 הַיְקָבִ֖ים 1 vats large containers for liquids
JOL 2 25 k6bd אֶת־הַשָּׁנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר֙ אָכַ֣ל הָֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה 1 the years of crops that the swarming locust has eaten “the crops that you took care of for years and that the swarming locusts have eaten”
JOL 2 25 k6bd אֶת־הַשָּׁנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר֙ אָכַ֣ל הָֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה 1 the years of crops that the swarming locust has eaten Alternate translation: “the crops that you took care of for years and that the swarming locusts have eaten”
JOL 2 25 e81a הָֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה הַיֶּ֖לֶק וְהֶחָסִ֣יל וְהַגָּזָ֑ם 1 swarming locust … the great locust, the devouring locust, and the destroying locust These are, respectively, an adult locust that can fly, a locust too large to fly easily, a locust with wings too young to fly, and a newborn locust that has not yet developed wings. Use names that would be understood in your language. See how you translated this in [Joel 1:4](../01/04.md).
JOL 2 26 qw24 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
JOL 2 26 jy17 figs-metonymy וְהִלַּלְתֶּ֗ם אֶת־שֵׁ֤ם יְהוָה֙ 1 praise the name of Yahweh The name is a metonym for the person, specifically his reputation. Alternate translation: “praise Yahweh” or “praise Yahweh because everyone knows he is good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOL 2 26 x2qr figs-123person שֵׁ֤ם יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה עִמָּכֶ֖ם לְהַפְלִ֑יא 1 the name of Yahweh … who has done wonders Yahweh speaks of himself by name to show that he will certainly do as he has said. Alternate translation: “my name … because I have done wonders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JOL 2 28 h1ph 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
JOL 2 28 p6xw וְהָיָ֣ה אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְ 1 It will come about afterward that I “This is what I will do after that: I”
JOL 2 28 p6xw וְהָיָ֣ה אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְ 1 It will come about afterward that I Alternate translation: “This is what I will do after that: I”
JOL 2 28 mc8b figs-metaphor אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְ אֶת־רוּחִי֙ עַל־כָּל־בָּשָׂ֔ר 1 I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh Yahweh speaks of the Spirit as if he were speaking of water. AT” “I will give my Spirit generously to all flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 2 28 ny8x figs-synecdoche כָּל־בָּשָׂ֔ר 1 all flesh Here “flesh” represents people. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOL 2 30 c326 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
JOL 2 30 fxj8 figs-metonymy דָּ֣ם וָאֵ֔שׁ וְתִֽימֲר֖וֹת עָשָֽׁן 1 blood, fire, and pillars of smoke “blood” is symbolizing the death of people. Alternate translation: “death, fire and pillars of smoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOL 2 31 e1db הַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ לְחֹ֔שֶׁךְ 1 The sun will turn into darkness “The sun will no longer give light”
JOL 2 31 e1db הַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ לְחֹ֔שֶׁךְ 1 The sun will turn into darkness Alternate translation: “The sun will no longer give light”
JOL 2 31 fc5h figs-metonymy וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַ לְדָ֑ם 1 the moon into blood Here the word “blood” refers to the color red. You can supply the verb for this phrase. Alternate translation: “the moon will turn red like blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOL 2 32 xyf3 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
JOL 2 32 w6nv וְהָיָ֗ה כֹּ֧ל 1 It will be that everyone “This is what will happen: everyone”
JOL 2 32 w6nv וְהָיָ֗ה כֹּ֧ל 1 It will be that everyone Alternate translation: “This is what will happen: everyone”
JOL 2 32 t1vg figs-metonymy כֹּ֧ל אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָ֛א בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה יִמָּלֵ֑ט 1 everyone who calls on the name of Yahweh will be saved The name is a metonym for the person. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will save everyone who calls on his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOL 2 32 k5zj figs-doublet בְּהַר־צִיּ֨וֹן וּבִירוּשָׁלִַ֜ם 1 on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem These refer to the same place. Alternate translation: “on Mount Zion in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOL 2 32 j194 figs-ellipsis וּבַ֨שְּׂרִידִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה קֹרֵֽא 1 among the survivors, those whom Yahweh calls The phrase “there will be” is understood from earlier in the sentence. It can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “among the survivors there will be those whom Yahweh calls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOL 2 32 e73u 1 survivors people who live through a terrible event like a war or a disaster
JOL 3 intro jcn7 0 # Joel 3 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>There is a change in focus in this chapter from the people of Israel to her enemies. The events of this chapters also contain many prophecies about the events of the end of this world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Israel<br>The mention of Israel in this chapter is probably a reference to the people of Judah and not the northern kingdom of Israel. It is also possible this is a reference to the people of Israel as a whole.
JOL 3 1 b14f 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
JOL 3 1 zy3s figs-doublet בַּיָּמִ֥ים הָהֵ֖מָּה וּבָעֵ֣ת הַהִ֑יא 1 in those days and at that time The phrase “at that time” means the same thing as and intensifies the phrase “in those days.” Alternate translation: “in those very days” or “at that very time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOL 3 1 c3ys אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָשִׁ֛יב אֶת־שְׁב֥וּת יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירוּשָׁלִָֽם 1 when I return the exiles of Judah and Jerusalem “When I send the exiles back to Judah and Jerusalem”
JOL 3 1 c3ys אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָשִׁ֛יב אֶת־שְׁב֥וּת יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירוּשָׁלִָֽם 1 when I return the exiles of Judah and Jerusalem Alternate translation: “When I send the exiles back to Judah and Jerusalem”
JOL 3 2 xs2u עֵ֖מֶק יְהֽוֹשָׁפָ֑ט 1 Valley of Jehoshaphat Jehoshaphat, whose name means “Yahweh judges,” was king of Judah before Joel lived. There is no known place with this name. It would be best to translate this as the name of a valley that people named after the man Jehoshaphat.
JOL 3 2 idt3 figs-doublet עַמִּ֨י וְנַחֲלָתִ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ 1 my people and my inheritance Israel These two phrases emphasize how Yahweh views Israel as his own precious people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel, who are my inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOL 3 3 z4y6 figs-explicit וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ הַיֶּ֨לֶד֙ בַּזּוֹנָ֔ה וְהַיַּלְדָּ֛ה מָכְר֥וּ בַיַּ֖יִן וַיִּשְׁתּֽוּ 1 traded a boy for a prostitute, and sold a girl for wine so they could drink These are examples of the kinds of things they did and do not indicate what they did to two particular children. Alternate translation: “and did things like trading a boy for a prostitute and selling a girl for wine, so they could drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -124,15 +124,15 @@ JOL 3 4 k66w 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [J
JOL 3 4 qj6v figs-rquestion וְ֠גַם מָה־אַתֶּ֥ם לִי֙ צֹ֣ר וְצִיד֔וֹן וְכֹ֖ל גְּלִיל֣וֹת פְּלָ֑שֶׁת 1 why are you angry at me … Philistia? Yahweh is encouraging the people of Judah, who can hear him, by scolding the people of Tyre, Sidon, and Philistia, who cannot hear him, as if they can. The names of the towns are metonyms for the people who live in the towns. These words can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “you have no right to be angry at me … Philistia.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOL 3 4 xaa9 figs-rquestion הַגְּמ֗וּל אַתֶּם֙ מְשַׁלְּמִ֣ים עָלָ֔י 1 Will you repay me? “Will you get revenge on me?” God uses this question to make the people think about what they are doing. Alternate translation: “You think you can get revenge on me, but you cannot.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOL 3 4 ns7f figs-synecdoche קַ֣ל מְהֵרָ֔ה אָשִׁ֥יב גְּמֻלְכֶ֖ם בְּרֹאשְׁכֶֽם 1 I will immediately return your retribution on your own head Here the word “head” refers to the person. Yahweh will make them suffer the pain they wanted him to suffer. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to suffer the retribution that you tried to put on me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOL 3 4 wdm3 גְּמֻלְכֶ֖ם 1 retribution “revenge” or “payback”
JOL 3 7 dc6d figs-explicit מִן־הַ֨מָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁר־מְכַרְתֶּ֥ם אֹתָ֖ם שָׁ֑מָּה 1 out of the place where you sold them The people of Israel will leave the places where they were slaves and come back to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOL 3 7 uh32 וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֥י גְמֻלְכֶ֖ם 1 return payment “give back what you deserve”
JOL 3 7 uh32 וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֥י גְמֻלְכֶ֖ם 1 return payment Alternate translation: “give back what you deserve”
JOL 3 8 pww6 figs-metonymy וּמָכַרְתִּ֞י אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם וְאֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם בְּיַד֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה 1 I will sell your sons and your daughters, by the hand of the people of Judah The hand can be a metonym for the power the hand exercises or a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “I will have the people of Judah sell your sons and your daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOL 3 8 t9jc translate-names לִשְׁבָאיִ֖ם 1 Sabeans the people of the land of Sabea (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOL 3 9 ih66 figs-irony 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. Here he begins an ironic call to the nations to prepare for a war in which Yahweh will completely destroy the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOL 3 9 d6ny הָעִ֨ירוּ֙ הַגִּבּוֹרִ֔ים 1 rouse the mighty men “make the mighty men ready for action”
JOL 3 9 d6ny הָעִ֨ירוּ֙ הַגִּבּוֹרִ֔ים 1 rouse the mighty men Alternate translation: “make the mighty men ready for action”
JOL 3 10 t93c figs-parallelism כֹּ֤תּוּ אִתֵּיכֶם֙ לַֽחֲרָב֔וֹת וּמַזְמְרֹֽתֵיכֶ֖ם לִרְמָחִ֑ים 1 Beat your plowshares into swords and your pruning knives into spears These two phrases share similar meanings. Both of them instruct the people to turn their farming tools into weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOL 3 10 ze4m אִתֵּיכֶם֙ 1 plowshares tools that are used to break up the soil in order to plant crops
JOL 3 10 epv7 וּמַזְמְרֹֽתֵיכֶ֖ם 1 pruning knives knives that are used to cut off small branches
JOL 3 13 iw8d figs-metaphor שִׁלְח֣וּ מַגָּ֔ל כִּ֥י בָשַׁ֖ל קָצִ֑יר 1 Put in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe Yahweh speaks of making war against the nations as if he were using a sharp tool to harvest a field of ripe crops. If your readers will not understand the word “sickle,” you may use the word for any sharp tool that your people use for harvesting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 3 13 i8r2 figs-metaphor שִׁלְח֣וּ מַגָּ֔ל 1 Put in the sickle “Swing the sickle to cut the grain.” This is a metaphor for a soldier using a sword to kill people, but it is best to use the word for a sharp tool used in harvesting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 3 13 zx33 מַגָּ֔ל 1 sickle a long curved knife that people use for cutting grain
JOL 3 13 rua7 בָשַׁ֖ל קָצִ֑יר 1 the harvest is ripe “the grain is ready to be harvested”
JOL 3 13 rua7 בָשַׁ֖ל קָצִ֑יר 1 the harvest is ripe Alternate translation: “the grain is ready to be harvested”
JOL 3 13 tz4a figs-metaphor בֹּ֤אֽוּ רְדוּ֙ כִּֽי־מָ֣לְאָה גַּ֔ת 1 Come, crush the grapes, for the winepress is full Yahweh speaks of the nations as if they were many grapes in a winepress, ready for people to crush them by stepping on them. Alternate translation: “Come, completely destroy the nations, for they are many, and they are helpless to resist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 3 13 haw5 figs-metaphor הֵשִׁ֨יקוּ֙ הַיְקָבִ֔ים כִּ֥י רַבָּ֖ה רָעָתָֽם 1 The vats overflow, for their wickedness is enormous Yahweh speaks of the nations’ wickedness as if it were the juice that flows from the winepress into storage containers, and more juice flows into the vats than they can contain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 3 14 y2ge הֲמוֹנִ֣ים הֲמוֹנִ֔ים 1 a tumult, a tumult A tumult is noise caused by a large crowd. This is repeated to show that it will be very noisy from all the people.
JOL 3 16 lf34 figs-hyperbole וְרָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמַ֣יִם וָאָ֑רֶץ 1 The heavens and earth will shake Joel speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were people who are shaking with fear. This can be translated as either a hyperbole, that Yahweh’s roar is so frightening that even things that are not alive are afraid, or as metonymy, that the heavens and earth are metonyms for the beings who live there. Alternate translation: “Everyone in the heavens and on the earth is very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOL 3 16 vd5q וְרָעֲשׁ֖וּ 1 will shake This word is the past form of the word translated “tremble” in [Joel 2:10](../02/10.md).
JOL 3 16 lr5v figs-metaphor וַֽיהוָה֙ מַֽחֲסֶ֣ה לְעַמּ֔וֹ וּמָע֖וֹז לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Yahweh will be a shelter for his people, and a fortress for the people of Israel Both of these phrases mean Yahweh will protect his people. A fortress is a strong shelter used to protect people during war. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will be a strong fortress for his people, the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOL 3 17 isx1 וִֽידַעְתֶּ֗ם 1 So you will know “When I do these things, you will know”
JOL 3 17 isx1 וִֽידַעְתֶּ֗ם 1 So you will know Alternate translation: “When I do these things, you will know”
JOL 3 18 kj6z 0 General Information: God continues to speak about the day of the Lord.
JOL 3 18 y22f וְהָיָה֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא…הֶהָרִ֣ים 1 It will come about on that day that the mountains “This is what will happen on that day: the mountains” Translate “It will come about” as in [Joel 2:28](../02/28.md).
JOL 3 18 m6v9 figs-hyperbole יִטְּפ֧וּ הֶהָרִ֣ים עָסִ֗יס 1 the mountains will drip with sweet wine “sweet wine will drip from the mountains.” This is an exaggeration to show that the land is very fertile. Alternate translation: “On the mountains there will be vineyards that produce plenty of sweet wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOL 3 18 yj7w figs-metaphor וְהַגְּבָעוֹת֙ תֵּלַ֣כְנָה חָלָ֔ב 1 the hills will flow with milk “milk will flow from the hills.” The land being very fertile is spoken of as if the hills would flow with milk. Alternate translation: “on the hills your cattle and goats will produce plenty of milk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOL 3 18 l5yu וְכָל־אֲפִיקֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה יֵ֣לְכוּ מָ֑יִם 1 all the brooks of Judah will flow with water “water will flow through all the brooks of Judah”
JOL 3 18 k6qq וְהִשְׁקָ֖ה אֶת־נַ֥חַל הַשִּׁטִּֽים 1 water the Valley of Shittim “will send water to the Valley of Shittim”
JOL 3 18 l5yu וְכָל־אֲפִיקֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה יֵ֣לְכוּ מָ֑יִם 1 all the brooks of Judah will flow with water Alternate translation: “water will flow through all the brooks of Judah”
JOL 3 18 k6qq וְהִשְׁקָ֖ה אֶת־נַ֥חַל הַשִּׁטִּֽים 1 water the Valley of Shittim Alternate translation: “will send water to the Valley of Shittim”
JOL 3 18 f69l translate-names הַשִּׁטִּֽים 1 Shittim This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means “Acacia Trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOL 3 19 la92 מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ לִשְׁמָמָ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔ה 1 Egypt will become an abandoned devastation “Everyone will leave Egypt and no one will live there”
JOL 3 19 au36 וֶאֱד֕וֹם לְמִדְבַּ֥ר שְׁמָמָ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶ֑ה 1 Edom will become an abandoned wilderness “Everyone will leave Edom and it will look like no people have ever lived there”
JOL 3 19 c2r8 מֵֽחֲמַס֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה 1 because of the violence done to the people of Judah “because of the violent things Egypt and Edom did to the people of Judah”
JOL 3 19 la92 מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ לִשְׁמָמָ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔ה 1 Egypt will become an abandoned devastation Alternate translation: “Everyone will leave Egypt and no one will live there”
JOL 3 19 au36 וֶאֱד֕וֹם לְמִדְבַּ֥ר שְׁמָמָ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶ֑ה 1 Edom will become an abandoned wilderness Alternate translation: “Everyone will leave Edom and it will look like no people have ever lived there”
JOL 3 19 c2r8 מֵֽחֲמַס֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה 1 because of the violence done to the people of Judah Alternate translation: “because of the violent things Egypt and Edom did to the people of Judah”
JOL 3 19 t6ay figs-metonymy אֲשֶׁר־שָׁפְכ֥וּ דָם־נָקִ֖יא בְּאַרְצָֽם 1 because they shed innocent blood in their land The word “they” refers to “Edom” and “Egypt” and is a metonym for the people of Egypt and Edom. The words “innocent blood” are a metonym for innocent people whom they have killed. Alternate translation: “because the people of Egypt and the people of Edom killed innocent people in the land of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOL 3 20 y198 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about the day of the Lord.
JOL 3 20 gi4z figs-activepassive וִיהוּדָ֖ה לְעוֹלָ֣ם תֵּשֵׁ֑ב 1 Judah will be inhabited forever This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will live in Judah forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Perhaps Yahweh will turn from his anger … God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
leave a blessing behind him, a grain offering and a drink offering
“leave behind him a blessing—that is, a grain offering and a drink offering.” The blessing is that plenty of grain and grapes will ripen, and so the people will be able to offer grain and drink offerings.
75
JOL
2
16
jzj1
מֵחֻפָּתָֽהּ
1
bridal chambers
rooms, usually in the parents’ houses, where brides would wait for their wedding ceremonies
76
JOL
2
17
fek9
וְאַל־תִּתֵּ֨ן נַחֲלָתְךָ֤ לְחֶרְפָּה֙
1
do not make your inheritance into an object of scorn
“do not allow your inheritance to become people whom the other nations regard as worthless”Alternate translation: “do not allow your inheritance to become people whom the other nations regard as worthless”
77
JOL
2
17
kqr6
figs-metaphor
נַחֲלָתְךָ֤
1
your inheritance
Here the people of Israel are spoken of as God’s inheritance. Alternate translation: “your special people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
Why should they say among the nations, ‘Where is their God?’
This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Other nations should not be able to say, ‘Their God does not help them.’” or “Other nations should not be able to say that the God of Israel has abandoned his people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
79
JOL
2
18
xeg7
לְאַרְצ֑וֹ
1
his land
“the nation of Israel”Alternate translation: “the nation of Israel”
80
JOL
2
18
im7l
עַמּֽוֹ
1
his people
“the people of Israel”Alternate translation: “the people of Israel”
81
JOL
2
19
lu18
הִנְנִ֨י
1
Look
“Pay attention to what I am about to say”Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to say”
82
JOL
2
19
jde5
וּשְׂבַעְתֶּ֖ם אֹת֑
1
You will be satisfied with them
“You will have all you need of them”Alternate translation: “You will have all you need of them”
83
JOL
2
19
tqc6
חֶרְפָּ֖ה
1
a disgrace
“unworthy of respect”Alternate translation: “unworthy of respect”
84
JOL
2
20
q49d
0
General Information:
God continues his promise to Israel.
85
JOL
2
20
khh7
הַצְּפוֹנִ֞י…הַקַּדְמֹנִ֔י…הָאַֽחֲר֑וֹן
1
northern … eastern … western
These directions are from the perspective of people living in the land of Israel.
86
JOL
2
20
v9xy
הַיָּם֙ הַקַּדְמֹנִ֔י
1
the eastern sea
the Dead Sea
89
JOL
2
21
g3z3
figs-apostrophe
אַל־תִּֽירְאִ֖י אֲדָמָ֑ה
1
Do not fear, land
Joel speaks to the people of the land as if he were speaking to the land itself. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid, you people of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
90
JOL
2
22
n9lm
figs-apostrophe
אַל־תִּֽירְאוּ֙ בַּהֲמ֣וֹת שָׂדַ֔י
1
Do not fear, beasts of the field
Joel speaks to people who own livestock as if he were speaking to the animals themselves. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid, you people who own livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
91
JOL
2
22
t5ty
figs-metonymy
דָשְׁא֖וּ נְא֣וֹת מִדְבָּ֑ר
1
the pastures of the wilderness will sprout
The pastures are a metonym for the plants that grow in the pastures. Alternate translation: “plants good for food will sprout in the pastures in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
92
JOL
2
23
xlq6
נָתַ֥ן…וַיּ֣וֹרֶד לָכֶ֗ם גֶּ֛שֶׁם
1
he will … bring down showers for you
“he will … cause much rain to fall so that you will live well”Alternate translation: “he will … cause much rain to fall so that you will live well”
93
JOL
2
23
vnx8
מוֹרֶ֥ה וּמַלְק֖וֹשׁ
1
autumn rain and the spring rain
the first rains of the rainy season in early December and the last rains in April and May
94
JOL
2
24
gw97
0
Connecting Statement:
Yahweh begins a long speech to the Israelites.
95
JOL
2
24
p8u1
הַיְקָבִ֖ים
1
vats
large containers for liquids
96
JOL
2
25
k6bd
אֶת־הַשָּׁנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר֙ אָכַ֣ל הָֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה
1
the years of crops that the swarming locust has eaten
“the crops that you took care of for years and that the swarming locusts have eaten”Alternate translation: “the crops that you took care of for years and that the swarming locusts have eaten”
swarming locust … the great locust, the devouring locust, and the destroying locust
These are, respectively, an adult locust that can fly, a locust too large to fly easily, a locust with wings too young to fly, and a newborn locust that has not yet developed wings. Use names that would be understood in your language. See how you translated this in [Joel 1:4](../01/04.md).
98
JOL
2
26
qw24
0
General Information:
Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
99
JOL
2
26
jy17
figs-metonymy
וְהִלַּלְתֶּ֗ם אֶת־שֵׁ֤ם יְהוָה֙
1
praise the name of Yahweh
The name is a metonym for the person, specifically his reputation. Alternate translation: “praise Yahweh” or “praise Yahweh because everyone knows he is good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
Yahweh speaks of himself by name to show that he will certainly do as he has said. Alternate translation: “my name … because I have done wonders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
101
JOL
2
28
h1ph
0
General Information:
Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
102
JOL
2
28
p6xw
וְהָיָ֣ה אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְ
1
It will come about afterward that I
“This is what I will do after that: I”Alternate translation: “This is what I will do after that: I”
103
JOL
2
28
mc8b
figs-metaphor
אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְ אֶת־רוּחִי֙ עַל־כָּל־בָּשָׂ֔ר
1
I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh
Yahweh speaks of the Spirit as if he were speaking of water. AT” “I will give my Spirit generously to all flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
104
JOL
2
28
ny8x
figs-synecdoche
כָּל־בָּשָׂ֔ר
1
all flesh
Here “flesh” represents people. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
105
JOL
2
30
c326
0
General Information:
Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
106
JOL
2
30
fxj8
figs-metonymy
דָּ֣ם וָאֵ֔שׁ וְתִֽימֲר֖וֹת עָשָֽׁן
1
blood, fire, and pillars of smoke
“blood” is symbolizing the death of people. Alternate translation: “death, fire and pillars of smoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
107
JOL
2
31
e1db
הַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ לְחֹ֔שֶׁךְ
1
The sun will turn into darkness
“The sun will no longer give light”Alternate translation: “The sun will no longer give light”
108
JOL
2
31
fc5h
figs-metonymy
וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַ לְדָ֑ם
1
the moon into blood
Here the word “blood” refers to the color red. You can supply the verb for this phrase. Alternate translation: “the moon will turn red like blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
109
JOL
2
32
xyf3
0
General Information:
Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
110
JOL
2
32
w6nv
וְהָיָ֗ה כֹּ֧ל
1
It will be that everyone
“This is what will happen: everyone”Alternate translation: “This is what will happen: everyone”
111
JOL
2
32
t1vg
figs-metonymy
כֹּ֧ל אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָ֛א בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה יִמָּלֵ֑ט
1
everyone who calls on the name of Yahweh will be saved
The name is a metonym for the person. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will save everyone who calls on his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
112
JOL
2
32
k5zj
figs-doublet
בְּהַר־צִיּ֨וֹן וּבִירוּשָׁלִַ֜ם
1
on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem
These refer to the same place. Alternate translation: “on Mount Zion in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
113
JOL
2
32
j194
figs-ellipsis
וּבַ֨שְּׂרִידִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה קֹרֵֽא
1
among the survivors, those whom Yahweh calls
The phrase “there will be” is understood from earlier in the sentence. It can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “among the survivors there will be those whom Yahweh calls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
114
JOL
2
32
e73u
1
survivors
people who live through a terrible event like a war or a disaster
115
JOL
3
intro
jcn7
0
# Joel 3 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>There is a change in focus in this chapter from the people of Israel to her enemies. The events of this chapters also contain many prophecies about the events of the end of this world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Israel<br>The mention of Israel in this chapter is probably a reference to the people of Judah and not the northern kingdom of Israel. It is also possible this is a reference to the people of Israel as a whole.
116
JOL
3
1
b14f
0
General Information:
Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
117
JOL
3
1
nha5
כִּ֗י הִנֵּ֛ה
1
Behold
“Listen” or “Pay attention”Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention”
118
JOL
3
1
zy3s
figs-doublet
בַּיָּמִ֥ים הָהֵ֖מָּה וּבָעֵ֣ת הַהִ֑יא
1
in those days and at that time
The phrase “at that time” means the same thing as and intensifies the phrase “in those days.” Alternate translation: “in those very days” or “at that very time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
“When I send the exiles back to Judah and Jerusalem”Alternate translation: “When I send the exiles back to Judah and Jerusalem”
120
JOL
3
2
xs2u
עֵ֖מֶק יְהֽוֹשָׁפָ֑ט
1
Valley of Jehoshaphat
Jehoshaphat, whose name means “Yahweh judges,” was king of Judah before Joel lived. There is no known place with this name. It would be best to translate this as the name of a valley that people named after the man Jehoshaphat.
121
JOL
3
2
idt3
figs-doublet
עַמִּ֨י וְנַחֲלָתִ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙
1
my people and my inheritance Israel
These two phrases emphasize how Yahweh views Israel as his own precious people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel, who are my inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
traded a boy for a prostitute, and sold a girl for wine so they could drink
These are examples of the kinds of things they did and do not indicate what they did to two particular children. Alternate translation: “and did things like trading a boy for a prostitute and selling a girl for wine, so they could drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
Yahweh is encouraging the people of Judah, who can hear him, by scolding the people of Tyre, Sidon, and Philistia, who cannot hear him, as if they can. The names of the towns are metonyms for the people who live in the towns. These words can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “you have no right to be angry at me … Philistia.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
125
JOL
3
4
xaa9
figs-rquestion
הַגְּמ֗וּל אַתֶּם֙ מְשַׁלְּמִ֣ים עָלָ֔י
1
Will you repay me?
“Will you get revenge on me?” God uses this question to make the people think about what they are doing. Alternate translation: “You think you can get revenge on me, but you cannot.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
I will immediately return your retribution on your own head
Here the word “head” refers to the person. Yahweh will make them suffer the pain they wanted him to suffer. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to suffer the retribution that you tried to put on me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
127
JOL
3
4
wdm3
גְּמֻלְכֶ֖ם
1
retribution
“revenge” or “payback”Alternate translation: “revenge” or “payback”
128
JOL
3
7
d8mh
0
General Information:
Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
129
JOL
3
7
sum8
הִנְנִ֣י
1
Look
“Pay attention” or “Listen”Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen”
The people of Israel will leave the places where they were slaves and come back to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
131
JOL
3
7
uh32
וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֥י גְמֻלְכֶ֖ם
1
return payment
“give back what you deserve”Alternate translation: “give back what you deserve”
I will sell your sons and your daughters, by the hand of the people of Judah
The hand can be a metonym for the power the hand exercises or a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “I will have the people of Judah sell your sons and your daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
133
JOL
3
8
t9jc
translate-names
לִשְׁבָאיִ֖ם
1
Sabeans
the people of the land of Sabea (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
134
JOL
3
9
ih66
figs-irony
0
General Information:
Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. Here he begins an ironic call to the nations to prepare for a war in which Yahweh will completely destroy the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
135
JOL
3
9
d6ny
הָעִ֨ירוּ֙ הַגִּבּוֹרִ֔ים
1
rouse the mighty men
“make the mighty men ready for action”Alternate translation: “make the mighty men ready for action”
Beat your plowshares into swords and your pruning knives into spears
These two phrases share similar meanings. Both of them instruct the people to turn their farming tools into weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
137
JOL
3
10
ze4m
אִתֵּיכֶם֙
1
plowshares
tools that are used to break up the soil in order to plant crops
138
JOL
3
10
epv7
וּמַזְמְרֹֽתֵיכֶ֖ם
1
pruning knives
knives that are used to cut off small branches
147
JOL
3
13
iw8d
figs-metaphor
שִׁלְח֣וּ מַגָּ֔ל כִּ֥י בָשַׁ֖ל קָצִ֑יר
1
Put in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe
Yahweh speaks of making war against the nations as if he were using a sharp tool to harvest a field of ripe crops. If your readers will not understand the word “sickle,” you may use the word for any sharp tool that your people use for harvesting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
148
JOL
3
13
i8r2
figs-metaphor
שִׁלְח֣וּ מַגָּ֔ל
1
Put in the sickle
“Swing the sickle to cut the grain.” This is a metaphor for a soldier using a sword to kill people, but it is best to use the word for a sharp tool used in harvesting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
149
JOL
3
13
zx33
מַגָּ֔ל
1
sickle
a long curved knife that people use for cutting grain
150
JOL
3
13
rua7
בָשַׁ֖ל קָצִ֑יר
1
the harvest is ripe
“the grain is ready to be harvested”Alternate translation: “the grain is ready to be harvested”
151
JOL
3
13
tz4a
figs-metaphor
בֹּ֤אֽוּ רְדוּ֙ כִּֽי־מָ֣לְאָה גַּ֔ת
1
Come, crush the grapes, for the winepress is full
Yahweh speaks of the nations as if they were many grapes in a winepress, ready for people to crush them by stepping on them. Alternate translation: “Come, completely destroy the nations, for they are many, and they are helpless to resist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
152
JOL
3
13
haw5
figs-metaphor
הֵשִׁ֨יקוּ֙ הַיְקָבִ֔ים כִּ֥י רַבָּ֖ה רָעָתָֽם
1
The vats overflow, for their wickedness is enormous
Yahweh speaks of the nations’ wickedness as if it were the juice that flows from the winepress into storage containers, and more juice flows into the vats than they can contain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
153
JOL
3
14
y2ge
הֲמוֹנִ֣ים הֲמוֹנִ֔ים
1
a tumult, a tumult
A tumult is noise caused by a large crowd. This is repeated to show that it will be very noisy from all the people.
159
JOL
3
16
lf34
figs-hyperbole
וְרָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמַ֣יִם וָאָ֑רֶץ
1
The heavens and earth will shake
Joel speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were people who are shaking with fear. This can be translated as either a hyperbole, that Yahweh’s roar is so frightening that even things that are not alive are afraid, or as metonymy, that the heavens and earth are metonyms for the beings who live there. Alternate translation: “Everyone in the heavens and on the earth is very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
160
JOL
3
16
vd5q
וְרָעֲשׁ֖וּ
1
will shake
This word is the past form of the word translated “tremble” in [Joel 2:10](../02/10.md).
Yahweh will be a shelter for his people, and a fortress for the people of Israel
Both of these phrases mean Yahweh will protect his people. A fortress is a strong shelter used to protect people during war. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will be a strong fortress for his people, the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
162
JOL
3
17
isx1
וִֽידַעְתֶּ֗ם
1
So you will know
“When I do these things, you will know”Alternate translation: “When I do these things, you will know”
163
JOL
3
18
kj6z
0
General Information:
God continues to speak about the day of the Lord.
164
JOL
3
18
y22f
וְהָיָה֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא…הֶהָרִ֣ים
1
It will come about on that day that the mountains
“This is what will happen on that day: the mountains” Translate “It will come about” as in [Joel 2:28](../02/28.md).
165
JOL
3
18
m6v9
figs-hyperbole
יִטְּפ֧וּ הֶהָרִ֣ים עָסִ֗יס
1
the mountains will drip with sweet wine
“sweet wine will drip from the mountains.” This is an exaggeration to show that the land is very fertile. Alternate translation: “On the mountains there will be vineyards that produce plenty of sweet wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
166
JOL
3
18
yj7w
figs-metaphor
וְהַגְּבָעוֹת֙ תֵּלַ֣כְנָה חָלָ֔ב
1
the hills will flow with milk
“milk will flow from the hills.” The land being very fertile is spoken of as if the hills would flow with milk. Alternate translation: “on the hills your cattle and goats will produce plenty of milk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
167
JOL
3
18
l5yu
וְכָל־אֲפִיקֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה יֵ֣לְכוּ מָ֑יִם
1
all the brooks of Judah will flow with water
“water will flow through all the brooks of Judah”Alternate translation: “water will flow through all the brooks of Judah”
168
JOL
3
18
k6qq
וְהִשְׁקָ֖ה אֶת־נַ֥חַל הַשִּׁטִּֽים
1
water the Valley of Shittim
“will send water to the Valley of Shittim”Alternate translation: “will send water to the Valley of Shittim”
169
JOL
3
18
f69l
translate-names
הַשִּׁטִּֽים
1
Shittim
This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means “Acacia Trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
170
JOL
3
19
la92
מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ לִשְׁמָמָ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔ה
1
Egypt will become an abandoned devastation
“Everyone will leave Egypt and no one will live there”Alternate translation: “Everyone will leave Egypt and no one will live there”
171
JOL
3
19
au36
וֶאֱד֕וֹם לְמִדְבַּ֥ר שְׁמָמָ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶ֑ה
1
Edom will become an abandoned wilderness
“Everyone will leave Edom and it will look like no people have ever lived there”Alternate translation: “Everyone will leave Edom and it will look like no people have ever lived there”
172
JOL
3
19
c2r8
מֵֽחֲמַס֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה
1
because of the violence done to the people of Judah
“because of the violent things Egypt and Edom did to the people of Judah”Alternate translation: “because of the violent things Egypt and Edom did to the people of Judah”
173
JOL
3
19
t6ay
figs-metonymy
אֲשֶׁר־שָׁפְכ֥וּ דָם־נָקִ֖יא בְּאַרְצָֽם
1
because they shed innocent blood in their land
The word “they” refers to “Edom” and “Egypt” and is a metonym for the people of Egypt and Edom. The words “innocent blood” are a metonym for innocent people whom they have killed. Alternate translation: “because the people of Egypt and the people of Edom killed innocent people in the land of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
174
JOL
3
20
y198
0
General Information:
Yahweh continues to speak about the day of the Lord.
175
JOL
3
20
gi4z
figs-activepassive
וִיהוּדָ֖ה לְעוֹלָ֣ם תֵּשֵׁ֑ב
1
Judah will be inhabited forever
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will live in Judah forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ AMO front intro ih42 0 # Introduction to Amos<br>## Part 1: General Introduct
AMO 1 intro v72p 0 # Amos 1 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This book is written in a poetic form. Because it was written by a farmer, it includes many references to agricultural concepts.<br><br>### “For three sins of Judah, even for four”<br>The phrase “For three sins of Judah, even for four,” is used to begin each oracle. This is not intended to be a literal count but is an idiom indicating a large number of sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
AMO 1 1 zsg5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: God speaks through Amos using poetic language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
AMO 1 1 e8f1 figs-activepassive 0 These are the things concerning Israel that Amos, one of the shepherds in Tekoa, received in revelation This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “These are the things concerning Israel that God revealed to Amos, one of the shepherds in Tekoa” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 1 1 qz81 0 These are the things “This is the message”
AMO 1 1 qz81 0 These are the things Alternate translation: “This is the message”
AMO 1 1 a358 translate-names 0 in Tekoa “Tekoa” is the name of a town or village. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
AMO 1 1 t6dv figs-activepassive 0 He received these things This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God gave him these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 1 1 ffc4 figs-idiom 0 in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and also in the days of Jeroboam son of Joash king of Israel The words “in the days of” is an idiom and refers to the time when each king reigned. Alternate translation: “when Uzziah was king of Judah, and also when Jeroboam son of Joash was king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ AMO 1 5 zgv6 translate-names 0 Kir This is the name of a region from which the
AMO 1 6 wc1b 0 For three sins of … even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but it indicates that many sins had led to God’s judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
AMO 1 6 ir17 figs-metonymy 0 Gaza Here “Gaza” represents the people of the region of Gaza. Alternate translation: “the people of Gaza” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 1 6 pd54 figs-litotes 0 I will not turn away punishment Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
AMO 1 6 mxg6 0 hand them over to “deliver them up to” or “sell them to”
AMO 1 6 mxg6 0 hand them over to Alternate translation: “deliver them up to” or “sell them to”
AMO 1 6 s4mb figs-metonymy 0 Edom Here “Edom” represents the people of the country of Edom. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 1 7 s2fy figs-metaphor 0 it will devour her fortresses Here Yahweh’s judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 1 8 r5df 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message of judgment on Gaza.
@ -40,20 +40,20 @@ AMO 1 8 w6im figs-metonymy 0 Ekron Here “Ekron” represents the people of th
AMO 1 9 dw8j 0 For three sins of … even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God’s judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
AMO 1 9 m576 figs-metonymy 0 Tyre Here “Tyre” represents the people of the city of Tyre. Alternate translation: “the people of Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 1 9 s55w figs-litotes 0 I will not turn away punishment Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
AMO 1 9 a5jh 0 their covenant of brotherhood “the agreement they made to treat you as brothers”
AMO 1 9 a5jh 0 their covenant of brotherhood Alternate translation: “the agreement they made to treat you as brothers”
AMO 1 10 q6k1 figs-metaphor 0 it will devour her fortresses Here Yahweh’s judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 1 11 a393 0 For three sins of … even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God’s judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
AMO 1 11 re3j figs-metonymy 0 Edom Here “Edom” represents the people of the country of Edom. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 1 11 y8u9 figs-litotes 0 I will not turn away punishment Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
AMO 1 11 t3ng figs-explicit 0 he pursued his brother The assumed knowledge is that Esau, from whom the people of Edom were descended, was the brother of Jacob, from whom the people of Israel were descended. Here “his brother” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “he pursued the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 1 11 we19 0 cast off all pity “showed them no mercy”
AMO 1 11 we19 0 cast off all pity Alternate translation: “showed them no mercy”
AMO 1 11 hrl2 figs-parallelism 0 His anger raged continually, and his wrath lasted forever These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize his continued anger. The abstract nouns “anger” and “wrath” can be translated using the adjectives “angry” and “furious.” Alternate translation: “He was continually angry and always furious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
AMO 1 11 e4yz figs-hyperbole 0 his wrath lasted forever This is an exaggeration that is meant to express the ongoing nature of his wrath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
AMO 1 12 u6m8 translate-names 0 Teman … Bozrah These are names of places. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]
AMO 1 12 rv98 figs-metaphor 0 it will devour the palaces of Bozrah Here Yahweh’s judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the palaces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 1 13 cc91 0 For three sins of … even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God’s judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
AMO 1 13 qdx6 figs-litotes 0 I will not turn away punishment Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
AMO 1 13 b1tz 0 enlarge their borders “extend their boundaries” or “expand their territory”
AMO 1 13 b1tz 0 enlarge their borders Alternate translation: “extend their boundaries” or “expand their territory”
AMO 1 14 g9vi 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Ammon.
AMO 1 14 i3cd figs-metaphor 0 it will devour the palaces Here Yahweh’s judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the palaces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 1 14 hpu5 figs-metaphor 0 with a tempest in the day of the whirlwind The fighting against the people of Ammon is spoken of as if it were a violent storm. Alternate translation: “and the fighting will be like a great storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -65,13 +65,13 @@ AMO 2 1 g1vl 0 For three sins of … even for four This is a poetic device. It
AMO 2 1 uc48 figs-metonymy 0 Moab This represents the Moabite people. Alternate translation: “the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 2 1 pft8 figs-litotes 0 I will not turn away punishment Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
AMO 2 1 w5dg 0 he burned the bones The word “he” refers to Moab. Alternate translation: “the people of Moab burned the bones”
AMO 2 1 ma6m 0 to lime “to ashes”
AMO 2 1 ma6m 0 to lime Alternate translation: “to ashes”
AMO 2 2 ah6f 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Moab.
AMO 2 2 j3zn translate-names 0 Kerioth This is the name of a city or town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
AMO 2 2 w2hn figs-metonymy 0 Moab will die Here “Moab” represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 2 2 zm8i 0 in an uproar An uproar is a very loud noise.
AMO 2 3 c3j7 0 the judge in her “the ruler of Moab”
AMO 2 3 bj82 0 all the princes “all the officials” or “all the leaders”
AMO 2 3 c3j7 0 the judge in her Alternate translation: “the ruler of Moab”
AMO 2 3 bj82 0 all the princes Alternate translation: “all the officials” or “all the leaders”
AMO 2 4 fu1p 0 For three sins of … even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God’s judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
AMO 2 4 csn5 figs-metonymy 0 Judah This represents the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 2 4 gt89 figs-litotes 0 I will not turn away punishment Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he will punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ AMO 2 9 zc8z 0 oaks oak trees
AMO 2 9 b3lg figs-idiom 0 Yet I destroyed his fruit above and his roots below How Yahweh completely destroyed the Amorites is pictured as a tree being destroyed from top to bottom. Alternate translation: “Yet I destroyed them completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
AMO 2 11 xf7b 0 General Information: The words “your” and “you” in these verses refer to the people of Israel.
AMO 2 11 d8dg 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel.
AMO 2 11 yd3w 0 raised up “appointed”
AMO 2 11 yd3w 0 raised up Alternate translation: “appointed”
AMO 2 11 hfp4 figs-activepassive 0 Is it not so, people of Israel? Yahweh asks this question to emphasize what he has said. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You people of Israel certainly know that what I have said is true!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 2 11 ar32 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 2 13 gch1 0 General Information: The word “you” in these verses refers to the people of Israel.
@ -112,11 +112,11 @@ AMO 2 15 pt37 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message of judgment
AMO 2 15 qs5b 0 The archer will not stand Here “stand” means to keep one’s place in battle.
AMO 2 15 q2w6 figs-explicit 0 the fast runner will not escape The implied information is that the fast runner will not escape from his enemies. Alternate translation: “the fast runner will be captured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 2 16 c22v figs-metonymy 0 flee naked This could mean: (1) this is a metonym for “run away without his weapons” or (2) this is meant literally as “run away wearing no clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 2 16 i9l6 0 in that day “at that time”
AMO 2 16 i9l6 0 in that day Alternate translation: “at that time”
AMO 2 16 szp1 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 3 intro gtz5 0 # Amos 3 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Amos continues to use poetic form in this chapter to prophesy the disaster coming to the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>This chapter begins with a number of rhetorical questions. The last question provides the reader with some answers: “Yahweh has certainly spoken through his prophets. So listen to them.” The answer to these rhetorical questions have the expected response of “no” because they are things that are not expected to happen. The writer is helping the reader to conclude that God uses the prophets to speak his message.
AMO 3 1 em48 0 Hear this word “Hear this message” or “Listen to this message”
AMO 3 1 k2d9 0 that Yahweh has spoken against you … against the whole family “this word that Yahweh has spoken about you … about the whole family” or “Yahweh’s message about you … about the whole family”
AMO 3 1 em48 0 Hear this word Alternate translation: “Hear this message” or “Listen to this message”
AMO 3 1 k2d9 0 that Yahweh has spoken against you … against the whole family Alternate translation: “this word that Yahweh has spoken about you … about the whole family” or “Yahweh’s message about you … about the whole family”
AMO 3 1 kc3z 0 you, people of Israel … the whole family that I brought up out of the land of Egypt These two phrases refer to the same group of people. The people God is speaking to are the descendants of those he had taken out of Egypt.
AMO 3 1 kg5e figs-metonymy 0 the whole family Here “the whole family” represents to the whole nation. The people of Israel were all descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “the whole nation” or “the whole clan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 3 2 zb95 figs-explicit 0 I have chosen only you from all the families of the earth This implies that they should have obeyed him. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I have chosen only you from all the families of the earth, so you should have obeyed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -146,8 +146,8 @@ AMO 3 9 w5vx figs-abstractnouns 0 what oppression is in her Here “oppression
AMO 3 10 qk73 0 For they do not know how to do right The word “they” refers to the people of Samaria.
AMO 3 10 v5xa figs-metonymy 0 They store up violence and destruction Here “violence and destruction” represent things they have taken by being violent and destructive. Alternate translation: “They store up things that they have violently stolen from others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 3 11 zag9 figs-explicit 0 Therefore, this is what the Lord Yahweh says It can be stated clearly who God was saying this to. Alternate translation: “Therefore, this is what the Lord Yahweh says to the people of Israel living in Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 3 11 av1v 0 An enemy will surround the land “An enemy army will surround the land”
AMO 3 11 njz8 0 plunder your fortresses “steal all the things in your fortresses”
AMO 3 11 av1v 0 An enemy will surround the land Alternate translation: “An enemy army will surround the land”
AMO 3 11 njz8 0 plunder your fortresses Alternate translation: “steal all the things in your fortresses”
AMO 3 12 j2v9 figs-simile 0 As the shepherd rescues … so will the people of Israel … be rescued The Lord compares the people of Israel being rescued with an unsuccessful attempt to rescue an animal from a lion. They will not be completely rescued. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
AMO 3 12 d9dl figs-explicit 0 As the shepherd rescues out of the mouth of the lion two legs only, or a piece of an ear It can be stated clearly that the shepherd tries to rescue the whole animal. Alternate translation: “As the shepherd tries to rescue an animal from the lion’s mouth, but is able to save only two legs or a piece of an ear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 3 12 t7nu figs-genericnoun 0 As the shepherd … the lion Here the phrases “the shepherd” and “the lion” refer to any shepherd or lion. Alternate translation: “As a shepherd … a lion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ AMO 3 12 wn55 0 they will be left with only the corner of a couch or a piece o
AMO 3 12 ln9g 0 couch This is a soft chair big enough to lie down on.
AMO 3 13 u9dn figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jacob The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob’s descendants. They were the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 3 13 tw5j figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated the similar phrase “this is Yahweh’s declaration” in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 3 14 agr5 0 in the day that I punish the sins of Israel “when I punish the sins of Israel”
AMO 3 14 agr5 0 in the day that I punish the sins of Israel Alternate translation: “when I punish the sins of Israel”
AMO 3 14 z44y figs-metonymy 0 I will also punish the altars of Bethel People sinned against God by worshiping false gods at their altars. Here “punish the altars” represents punishing the people by destroying their altars. Alternate translation: “I will also destroy the altars at Bethel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 3 14 cy5d figs-activepassive 0 The horns of the altar will be cut off and fall to the ground This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will cut off the horns of the altars, and the horns will fall to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 3 14 gi8t 0 horns of the altar People worshiped false gods at their altars. At the top corners of the altars there were pieces of metal shaped like bull horns. These horns were a symbol of the strength of their gods.
@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ AMO 4 4 plw6 figs-irony 0 Go to Bethel and sin, to Gilgal and multiply sin Peop
AMO 4 4 rpw1 figs-irony 0 bring your sacrifices … every three days God makes these commands in order to show the people that he is angry that even though they do these things, they continue to sin against him in other ways. These commands can be expressed as statements. Alternate translation: “You bring your sacrifices … every three days, but it does you no good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
AMO 4 4 nz43 0 every three days This could mean: (1) on the third day or (2) every third day. Some versions have “every three years,” because the Israelites were supposed to bring their tithes to God once every three years.
AMO 4 5 uc1y figs-irony 0 Offer a thanksgiving sacrifice … proclaim freewill offerings; announce them, for this pleases God makes these commands in order to show the people that even though they do these things, he is angry because they continue to sin against him in other ways. Use the form in your language that shows that they will do these things no matter what Yahweh says, but these things will do them no good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
AMO 4 5 m5ne 0 announce them “boast about them”
AMO 4 5 m5ne 0 announce them Alternate translation: “boast about them”
AMO 4 5 xk7i figs-explicit 0 for this pleases you, you people of Israel Yahweh rebukes them for being proud about their offerings and sacrifices. They think that God should be pleased with them, but he is not. Alternate translation: “for this pleases you, you people of Israel. But it does not please me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 4 5 td4d figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated the similar phrase “this is Yahweh’s declaration” in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 4 6 tx4m 0 Connecting Statement: God continues to speak to the people of Israel.
@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ AMO 4 6 d7qd figs-metonymy 0 I gave you cleanness of teeth Here having clean te
AMO 4 6 fi56 figs-metonymy 0 lack of bread Giving them “lack of bread” represents causing them to lack bread, and “bread” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “I caused you not to have enough food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 4 6 j831 figs-metaphor 0 you have not returned to me Returning to God represents submitting again to him. Alternate translation: “you have not submitted again to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 4 6 vsj8 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 4 7 emt8 0 I also withheld rain from you “I prevented the rain from falling on your crops”
AMO 4 7 emt8 0 I also withheld rain from you Alternate translation: “I prevented the rain from falling on your crops”
AMO 4 7 zv4m figs-explicit 0 when there were still three months to the harvest It can be stated clearly that the people needed the rain. Alternate translation: “when there were still three months to the harvest and your crops needed the rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 4 7 nmf3 figs-activepassive 0 One piece of land was rained on This can be stated in active form. The phrase “One piece of land” represents any piece of land.” Alternate translation: “It rained on one piece of land” or “It rained on some pieces of land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 4 7 uw18 figs-genericnoun 0 the piece of land where it did not rain This refers to any piece of land where it did not rain. Alternate translation: “the pieces of land where it did not rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
@ -202,8 +202,8 @@ AMO 4 8 p5ip figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of h
AMO 4 9 cz91 figs-metonymy 0 I afflicted you with blight and mildew Here “afflicted you” represents afflicting their crops. Alternate translation: “I afflicted your crops with blight and mildew” or “I destroyed your crops with blight and mildew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 4 9 s18c 0 blight This is a disease that dries and kills plants. It is caused by the hot wind from the desert.
AMO 4 9 q9at 0 mildew This is another disease that kills plants.
AMO 4 10 e3iy 0 I sent a plague on you as on Egypt “I sent a plague on you as I did on Egypt” or “I sent a plague on you as I sent plagues on Egypt”
AMO 4 10 uqf3 0 I sent a plague on you “I caused terrible things to happen to you”
AMO 4 10 e3iy 0 I sent a plague on you as on Egypt Alternate translation: “I sent a plague on you as I did on Egypt” or “I sent a plague on you as I sent plagues on Egypt”
AMO 4 10 uqf3 0 I sent a plague on you Alternate translation: “I caused terrible things to happen to you”
AMO 4 10 d4vk figs-metonymy 0 I killed your young men with the sword Here “the sword” represents battle. God killed them by sending enemies to fight against them. Alternate translation: “I made your enemies kill your men in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 4 10 g3ig figs-metonymy 0 carried away your horses God speaks of causing the enemies to steal their horses as if he carried the horses away. Alternate translation: “I made your enemies take away your horses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 4 10 l8vu figs-metonymy 0 made the stench of your camp come up to your nostrils A stench is a bad smell. The stench coming up to their nostrils represents them smelling something terrible. It can be stated clearly that the smell was from the dead bodies of those who were killed. Alternate translation: “I made you smell the terrible odor of the dead bodies in your camp” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -226,14 +226,14 @@ AMO 5 3 m7h5 figs-explicit 0 The city that went out with a thousand “The city
AMO 5 3 xna6 0 will have a hundred left “will have a hundred soldiers who have not been killed” or “will have only a hundred soldiers still alive.” Here being “left” refers to not being killed by the enemy.
AMO 5 4 u2lu figs-metaphor 0 Seek me Here “Seek me” represents asking God for help. Alternate translation: “Ask me for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 5 5 gux2 figs-metaphor 0 Do not seek Bethel Here “seek Bethel” represents going to Bethel to ask for help. Alternate translation: “Do not go to Bethel to ask for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 5 5 xc6k 0 nor enter Gilgal “and do not enter Gilgal”
AMO 5 5 xc6k 0 nor enter Gilgal Alternate translation: “and do not enter Gilgal”
AMO 5 5 ixk2 figs-metonymy 0 For Gilgal will surely go into captivity Here “Gilgal” represents the people of Gilgal, and going into captivity refers to being captured and taken away. Alternate translation: “For the people of Gilgal will surely be captured and taken away” or “For your enemies will surely capture the people of Gilgal and take them away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 5 5 fdq3 figs-metaphor 0 Bethel will become nothing Here “become nothing” represents being destroyed. Alternate translation: “Bethel will be completely destroyed” or “enemies will completely destroy Bethel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 5 6 a5vv figs-metaphor 0 Seek Yahweh Here “Seek Yahweh” represents asking him for help. Alternate translation: “Ask Yahweh for help” or “Ask me, Yahweh, for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 5 6 vc8n figs-simile 0 he will break out like fire Here “break out like a fire” represents destroying things as fire destroys things. Alternate translation: “he will become like a fire that breaks out suddenly and destroys everything” or “he will destroy everything like a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
AMO 5 6 tcz9 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Joseph This phrase is a metonym for the descendants of Joseph. Here it represents the northern kingdom of Israel, whose two largest tribes were the descendants of Joseph. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph” or “Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
AMO 5 6 it6f figs-metaphor 0 It will devour The word “it” refers to the fire, and “devour” represents destroying everything. God destroying everything is spoken of as if a fire were to destroy everything. Alternate translation: “It will destroy everything” or “He will destroy everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 5 6 ir1n 0 there will be no one to quench it “there will no one to stop it” or “there will be no one to stop him from destroying everything”
AMO 5 6 ir1n 0 there will be no one to quench it Alternate translation: “there will no one to stop it” or “there will be no one to stop him from destroying everything”
AMO 5 7 eqb9 figs-metaphor 0 turn justice into a bitter thing Here “a bitter thing” represents actions that harm people, and “turn justice into a bitter thing” represents harming people rather than doing for them what is just. Alternate translation: “say that they are doing what is just, but instead they harm people” or “refuse to do what is just and harm people instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 5 7 jjl7 figs-metaphor 0 throw righteousness down to the ground This represents treating righteousness as if it were worthless. Alternate translation: “treat righteousness as though it were as unimportant as dirt” or “you despise what is righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 5 8 uny6 translate-unknown 0 the Pleiades and Orion People saw patterns in the stars in the sky and gave names to them. These are two of those patterns. Alternate translation: “the stars” or “the groups of stars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
@ -242,12 +242,12 @@ AMO 5 8 jzr4 figs-metaphor 0 calls for the waters … on the surface of the ear
AMO 5 8 rb72 0 Yahweh is his name! By declaring his name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things.
AMO 5 9 u2if figs-abstractnouns 0 He brings sudden destruction on the strong The abstract noun “destruction” can be translated with the verb “destroy.” The phrase “the strong” refers to strong people, specifically soldiers. Alternate translation: “He suddenly destroys the strong people” or “He suddenly destroys the soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
AMO 5 9 t2g1 figs-abstractnouns 0 so that destruction comes on the fortresses The abstract noun “destruction” can be translated with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “so that the fortresses are destroyed” or “and he destroys the fortresses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
AMO 5 10 s23g 0 They hate anyone “The people of Israel hate anyone”
AMO 5 11 ldj5 0 worked stone “cut stones” or “stones that people have cut”
AMO 5 10 s23g 0 They hate anyone Alternate translation: “The people of Israel hate anyone”
AMO 5 11 ldj5 0 worked stone Alternate translation: “cut stones” or “stones that people have cut”
AMO 5 11 sm1t figs-explicit 0 you will not drink their wine The word “their” refers to the vineyards. This may imply that no one will make the wine, or even that there will not be enough good grapes to make wine. Alternate translation: “you will not drink the wine that is made from the grapes in your vineyards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 5 12 v579 0 afflict the just, take bribes, and turn aside the needy in the city gate This is a list of some of their sins.
AMO 5 12 mkx5 figs-nominaladj 0 the just The word “just” is a nominal adjective that refers to just people. Alternate translation: “just people” or “righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
AMO 5 12 c3fm 0 take bribes “let people pay you to do bad things” or “let people pay you to lie about people”
AMO 5 12 c3fm 0 take bribes Alternate translation: “let people pay you to do bad things” or “let people pay you to lie about people”
AMO 5 12 pnt4 figs-explicit 0 turn aside the needy in the city gate Here “turn aside the needy” represents telling the needy people to leave. It can be made clear why the needy were at the city gate. Alternate translation: “do not allow poor people to bring their cases to the judges in the city gate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 5 12 hqu9 figs-nominaladj 0 the needy The word “needy” is a nominal adjective that refers to people who are in need. Alternate translation: “people in need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
AMO 5 13 zgm3 0 any prudent person is silent Those who do not want the evil people to harm them will not speak out against the evil deeds. Alternate translation: “wise people do not speak about the evil things people are doing”
@ -257,8 +257,8 @@ AMO 5 15 n1sk 0 Hate evil, love good “Hate evil actions, and love good actio
AMO 5 15 tqy7 figs-idiom 0 establish justice in the city gate Here “establish justice” represents making sure that justice is done. Alternate translation: “make sure that justice is done in the city gates” or “make sure that the judges make just decisions in the city gates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
AMO 5 15 jkw4 figs-explicit 0 in the city gate City gates were where business transactions occurred and judgments were made, because city walls were thick enough to have gateways that produced cool shade from the hot sun Alternate translation: “in your courts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 5 15 eb3d figs-metonymy 0 the remnant of Joseph Here “remnant” refers to people who are still living in Israel after the others are killed or taken away as captives. Here “Joseph” represents the northern kingdom of Israel, whose two largest tribes were the descendants of Joseph. See how you translated “house of Joseph” in [Amos 5:6](../05/06.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph who are still alive” or “those of Israel who survive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 5 16 wux6 0 this is what Yahweh says, the God of hosts, the Lord “this is what Yahweh, the God of hosts, the Lord says”
AMO 5 16 qyz8 0 Wailing will be in all the squares “People will wail in all the town squares”
AMO 5 16 wux6 0 this is what Yahweh says, the God of hosts, the Lord Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh, the God of hosts, the Lord says”
AMO 5 16 qyz8 0 Wailing will be in all the squares Alternate translation: “People will wail in all the town squares”
AMO 5 16 iv7k 0 Wailing long, loud, sad cries
AMO 5 16 d7mv 0 the squares broad open places in the town where people gather
AMO 5 16 n1g7 figs-ellipsis 0 the mourners to wail The phrase “they will call” is understood from the beginning of the sentence. Alternate translation: “they will call the mourners to wail” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ AMO 5 18 e1im figs-metaphor 0 It will be darkness and not light Here “darknes
AMO 5 20 azx9 figs-rquestion 0 Will not the day of Yahweh be darkness and not light? This question emphasizes that bad things will happen then. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “The day of Yahweh will certainly be darkness and not light!” or “Bad things, not good things, will certainly happen on the day of Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 5 20 l68z figs-rquestion 0 Gloom and no brightness? The words “Will not the day of Yahweh be” is understood from the previous sentence. Like the previous question, it emphasizes that terrible things, not good things, will happen on the day of Yahweh. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “It will be a time of when terrible things, not good things, will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
AMO 5 21 t6lg figs-doublet 0 I hate, I despise your festivals The word “despise” is a strong word for “hate.” Together the two words emphasize the intensity of Yahweh’s hatred for their religious festivals. Alternate translation: “I hate your festivals very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
AMO 5 21 f4xx 0 I take no delight in your solemn assemblies “Your solemn assemblies do not please me at all”
AMO 5 21 f4xx 0 I take no delight in your solemn assemblies Alternate translation: “Your solemn assemblies do not please me at all”
AMO 5 23 i5jv figs-metaphor 0 Remove from me the noise of your songs This speaks of the noise of songs as if it could be put somewhere else. It represents stopping singing. Alternate translation: “Stop singing your noisy songs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 5 23 es63 0 noise unpleasant sounds
AMO 5 24 nn21 figs-simile 0 let justice flow like water, and righteousness like a constantly flowing stream This represents causing there to be much justice and righteous. Alternate translation: “let there be so much justice that it is like flowing water, and let there be so much righteousness that it is like a constantly flowing stream” or “let justice abound like a flood, and let righteousness abound like a stream that never stops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -289,15 +289,15 @@ AMO 6 2 h68z figs-rquestion 0 Is their border larger than your border? The nota
AMO 6 3 hft9 figs-metaphor 0 to those who put off the day of disaster Refusing to believe that Yahweh will cause disaster is spoken of as if the “day of disaster” were an object the people could put far from themselves. Alternate translation: “to those who refuse to believe that I will cause them to experience disaster” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 6 3 k8kh figs-metonymy 0 and make the throne of violence come near Here “throne” is a metonym that represents reign or rule. The people doing evil things, which causes Yahweh to bring disaster on them, is spoken of as if they were causing “violence” to rule them. Alternate translation: “but who are actually causing me to send violent people to destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 6 4 zn5w 0 lie … lounge Israelites at that time usually ate while sitting on a floor cloth or a simple seat.
AMO 6 4 nte4 0 beds of ivory “beds decorated with ivory” or “costly beds”
AMO 6 4 nte4 0 beds of ivory Alternate translation: “beds decorated with ivory” or “costly beds”
AMO 6 4 hge8 translate-unknown 0 ivory a white substance made from the teeth and horns of large animals (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
AMO 6 4 iy9i 0 lounge lie around like lazy people
AMO 6 4 t9gg 0 couches soft seats large enough to lie down on
AMO 6 5 x1kv 0 they improvise on instruments This could mean: (1) they invent new songs and ways of playing the instruments or (2) they invent new instruments.
AMO 6 6 wq23 figs-explicit 0 drink wine from bowls This implies that they drink a lot of wine because they drink it from a large bowl rather than a regular wine cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 6 6 dxk5 figs-metonymy 0 they do not grieve over the ruin of Joseph Here “Joseph” represents his descendants. Alternate translation: “they do not grieve about the descendants of Joseph whom enemies will soon destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 6 7 p1et 0 they will now go into exile with the first exiles “they will be among the first ones to go into exile” or “I will send them into exile first”
AMO 6 7 g684 0 the feasts of those who lounge about will pass away “there will be no more feasts for people to lie around at ease”
AMO 6 7 p1et 0 they will now go into exile with the first exiles Alternate translation: “they will be among the first ones to go into exile” or “I will send them into exile first”
AMO 6 7 g684 0 the feasts of those who lounge about will pass away Alternate translation: “there will be no more feasts for people to lie around at ease”
AMO 6 8 kz1e figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 3:13](../03/13.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 6 8 l8fw figs-metonymy 0 I detest the pride of Jacob Here “Jacob” represents his descendants. Alternate translation: “I hate the descendants of Jacob because they have become arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 6 8 n646 figs-explicit 0 I hate his fortresses It is implied that Yahweh hates the fortresses because the people believed the fortresses would keep them safe. Alternate translation: “I hate the people of Israel because they trust in their fortresses, not in me, to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -305,9 +305,9 @@ AMO 6 9 y9m6 figs-hypo 0 General Information: In 6:9-10 Amos describes a hypoth
AMO 6 9 rz49 figs-explicit 0 if there are ten men left in one house, they will all die This seems to imply that something terrible is happening, and these ten men go into the house to hide. Alternate translation: “if ten men are hiding inside of a house, they will all still die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 6 10 s8i5 0 a man’s relative comes to take their bodies up—the one who is to cremate them after bringing the corpses out of the house—if he says to the person in the house, “Is … you?” The meaning of these words is not clear. This could mean: (1) the “man’s relative” is the one who will “take their bodies up” and “cremate … the corpses,” and he speaks to a person who hid in the house after the ten family members died or (2) the “man’s relative” who “comes to take their bodies up” is a different person from “the one who is to cremate … the corpses,” and they talk to each other in the house. Alternate translation: “a man’s relative comes to take their bodies up, and the one who will burn the corpses after they have been brought out of the house is with him—if while they are in the house the relative says to the burner of the corpses, ‘Is … you?’”
AMO 6 10 v4gf 0 cremate to burn a dead body
AMO 6 10 e57y 0 bringing the corpses “bringing the dead bodies”
AMO 6 10 e57y 0 bringing the corpses Alternate translation: “bringing the dead bodies”
AMO 6 10 qj51 figs-explicit 0 Then he will say, “Be quiet, for we must not mention Yahweh’s name.” The meaning of this is not clear. It seems to imply that the one who asked the question is afraid the one answering will mention Yahweh’s name carelessly. If he does this, it may draw Yahweh’s attention to them, and he may kill them too. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 6 11 bc74 0 look “listen” or “pay attention”
AMO 6 11 bc74 0 look Alternate translation: “listen” or “pay attention”
AMO 6 11 q1t3 figs-parallelism 0 the big house will be smashed to pieces, and the little house to bits These two phrases share similar meanings. The contrast between “the big house” and “the little house” means that this refers to all houses. Alternate translation: “all the houses will be smashed into small pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
AMO 6 11 j5da figs-activepassive 0 the big house will be smashed to pieces This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemy will smash the big house to pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
AMO 6 11 dc2l 0 to pieces … to bits You can use the same word for both of these phrases.
@ -319,18 +319,18 @@ AMO 6 12 fbq3 figs-metaphor 0 Yet you have turned justice into poison Distortin
AMO 6 12 w7di figs-parallelism 0 the fruit of righteousness into bitterness This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Distorting what is right is spoken of as if righteousness were a sweet fruit that the people made bitter tasting. Alternate translation: “you distort what is right” or “you punish those who do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 6 13 dfq3 translate-names 0 Lo Debar … Karnaim These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
AMO 6 13 c8kb figs-rquestion 0 Have we not taken Karnaim by our own strength? The people use a question to emphasize that they believe they captured a city because of their own power. Alternate translation: “We captured Karnaim by our own power!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 6 14 yze1 0 look “listen” or “pay attention”
AMO 6 14 yze1 0 look Alternate translation: “listen” or “pay attention”
AMO 6 14 u8j4 figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 3:13](../03/13.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 6 14 alt4 figs-metonymy 0 from Lebo Hamath to the brook of the Arabah Here “Lebo Hamath” represents the northern border of Israel, and “brook of the Arabah” represents the southern border. Alternate translation: “from the northern border of your nation to the southern border” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 6 14 jfe8 0 brook a small river that flows only during the wet season
AMO 7 intro vkd3 0 # Amos 7 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is mainly written as a narrative about the prophet Amos interacting with Yahweh. Yahweh presents three different scenarios of judgment before Amos who pleads with God and he does not carry out His judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Reported speech<br>In the latter part of the chapter, it is important to follow the conversation carefully to understand who is speaking. There are some instances of “reported speech.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
AMO 7 1 h8xv 0 Look … look The writer is telling the reader that he is about to say something surprising. Your language may have a way of doing this.
AMO 7 1 e1ul 0 locust See how you translated this in [Amos 4:9](../04/09.md).
AMO 7 1 s8l3 0 after the king’s harvest “after the king takes his share from the harvest”
AMO 7 1 s8l3 0 after the king’s harvest Alternate translation: “after the king takes his share from the harvest”
AMO 7 2 w1h8 figs-ellipsis 0 please forgive The words “your people” or “us” are understood. Alternate translation: “please forgive your people” or “please forgive us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
AMO 7 2 wj76 figs-metonymy 0 how will Jacob survive? For he is so small. Here “Jacob” represents his descendants the Israelites. Alternate translation: “how will we Israelites survive? We are so small and weak!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 7 4 l39l 0 Look The writer is telling the reader that something surprising is about to happen. Your language may have a way of doing this.
AMO 7 4 nk44 0 the Lord Yahweh called on fire to judge “the Lord Yahweh used burning fire to punish the people”
AMO 7 4 nk44 0 the Lord Yahweh called on fire to judge Alternate translation: “the Lord Yahweh used burning fire to punish the people”
AMO 7 5 l5ir figs-metonymy 0 how will Jacob survive? For he is so small. Here “Jacob” represents his descendants the Israelites. See how you translated this in [Amos 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: “how will the Israelites survive? We are so small and weak!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 7 7 s6wg 0 plumb line thin rope with a weight at one end used in building to make sure walls stand straight up and down
AMO 7 8 tbb9 figs-rquestion 0 what do you see? Yahweh uses a question to teach Amos. Alternate translation: “tell me what you see.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -354,9 +354,9 @@ AMO 7 17 sqs6 figs-activepassive 0 your land will be measured and divided up Th
AMO 7 17 mr3m figs-metaphor 0 an unclean land A land full of people that are unacceptable to God is spoken of as if the land were physically unclean. Here it means a land other than Israel. Alternate translation: “a foreign land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 8 intro h32s 0 # Amos 8 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written in poetic form and it shows the way Yahweh’s people are sinning and<br>how he is going to respond. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “This is the declaration of Yahweh”<br><br>This phrase is used to introduce prophecy. It highlights what God is proclaiming. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
AMO 8 1 m4g1 0 Look, a basket of summer fruit! The word “look” here shows that Amos saw something interesting. Alternate translation: “I saw a basket of summer fruit!”
AMO 8 1 i65f 0 summer fruit “ripe fruit”
AMO 8 1 i65f 0 summer fruit Alternate translation: “ripe fruit”
AMO 8 2 ixx6 figs-rquestion 0 What do you see, Amos? Yahweh uses a question to teach Amos. Alternate translation: “Tell me what you see, Amos.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 8 3 y5rl 0 in that day “at that time”
AMO 8 3 y5rl 0 in that day Alternate translation: “at that time”
AMO 8 3 zv6m 0 Silence! This could mean: (1) Yahweh is to telling the people to be silent as they hear about the severity of his punishment or (2) the people will be silent because of their grief after Yahweh’s punishment.
AMO 8 4 jya8 0 Listen to this Amos is speaking to the wealthy merchants who harm those who are poor.
AMO 8 4 sm8z figs-nominaladj 0 you who trample the needy and remove the poor of the land This can be restated to remove the nominal adjectives “the needy” and “the poor.” Alternate translation: “you who trample those who are in need and remove those in the land that are poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ AMO 8 7 by14 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh has sworn by the pride of Jacob Here “pri
AMO 8 8 dgd5 figs-rquestion 0 Will not the land quake for this, and every one who lives in it mourn? Amos uses a question to emphasize that these things will certainly happen. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause the land to shake, and every one who lives in it will mourn.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
AMO 8 8 phh2 figs-simile 0 All of it will rise up like the Nile River … like the river of Egypt Amos compares the rising and sinking of the waters of the Nile River to how Yahweh will cause the land to shake when he judges the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
AMO 8 8 t1gv 0 river of Egypt This is another name for the Nile River.
AMO 8 9 xwg6 0 It will come in that day “It will happen at that time”
AMO 8 9 xwg6 0 It will come in that day Alternate translation: “It will happen at that time”
AMO 8 10 ng1i translate-symaction 0 have baldness on every head A person shaves his head to show that he is grieving. Alternate translation: “cause you all to shave your heads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
AMO 8 10 tj9n figs-ellipsis 0 like mourning for an only son It is understood that the only son has died. Alternate translation: “like mourning for an only son who has died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
AMO 8 10 g3j6 figs-metaphor 0 a bitter day to its end Terrible and sad things happening during a day is spoken of as if the day had a bitter taste. Alternate translation: “everything that happens at that time will cause you great sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ AMO 8 11 i4s1 figs-metaphor 0 when I will send a famine in the land … but for
AMO 8 11 f1wu figs-123person 0 the words of Yahweh This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “words from me, Yahweh” or “my messages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
AMO 8 12 ez94 figs-merism 0 They will stagger from sea to sea; they will run from the north to the east to seek the word of Yahweh Here “sea to sea” and “the north to the east” represent all of the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “They will wander here and there and search all over for the word of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
AMO 8 12 g73n figs-explicit 0 from sea to sea This implies the Dead Sea in the south and the Mediterranean Sea in the west. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 8 13 n4nn 0 In that day “At that time”
AMO 8 13 n4nn 0 In that day Alternate translation: “At that time”
AMO 8 13 gxq2 0 faint to lose all strength
AMO 8 14 sg5b figs-metonymy 0 by the sin of Samaria Here “sin” represents the false god the people worship in Samaria. Alternate translation: “by the false god of Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 8 14 xsl2 0 As your god lives, Dan This is a way of making a solemn oath. The people declare that they believe the god of Dan is certainly alive to emphasize that they will certainly do what they promise to do.
@ -413,12 +413,12 @@ AMO 9 9 m5bp figs-simile 0 I will shake the house of Israel … as one shakes g
AMO 9 9 s4w3 0 sieve a surface with many small holes that allow small things to pass through and keep larger things from passing through
AMO 9 10 rxt3 figs-metonymy 0 All the sinners of my people will die by the sword Here “sword” represents their enemies. Alternate translation: “Enemies will kill all the sinners of my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
AMO 9 10 rgi9 figs-metaphor 0 Disaster will not overtake or meet us Experiencing disaster is spoken of as disaster could overtake or meet someone. Alternate translation: “We will not experience disaster” or “Bad things will not happen to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 9 11 p2kf 0 In that day “At that time”
AMO 9 11 p2kf 0 In that day Alternate translation: “At that time”
AMO 9 11 m4ub figs-metaphor 0 I will raise up the tent of David that has fallen Causing the people of Israel to be great again is spoken of as if David’s kingdom were a tent that fell down and Yahweh will set it back up. Alternate translation: “David’s kingdom will be like tent that has fallen down, but I will raise it back up again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
AMO 9 11 gh6q 0 close up its breaches “I will repair its walls”
AMO 9 11 pje4 0 I will raise up its ruins, and rebuild it as in the days of old “I will rebuild its ruins and make it strong like it was long ago”
AMO 9 11 gh6q 0 close up its breaches Alternate translation: “I will repair its walls”
AMO 9 11 pje4 0 I will raise up its ruins, and rebuild it as in the days of old Alternate translation: “I will rebuild its ruins and make it strong like it was long ago”
AMO 9 11 b46a 0 breaches parts of a wall that have fallen down
AMO 9 12 fi4l 0 the remnant of Edom “the remaining part of Edom’s territory”
AMO 9 12 fi4l 0 the remnant of Edom Alternate translation: “the remaining part of Edom’s territory”
AMO 9 12 gc63 figs-metonymy 0 all the nations that are called by my name Here “name” represents Yahweh. The idiom “called by my name” means they once belonged to Yahweh. This means that in the past the people had conquered and taken control of these territories. Alternate translation: “all the nations that once belonged to me” or “all the nations that I caused the people of Israel to conquer in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
AMO 9 13 v7us 0 Look The writer is telling the reader that he is going to say something surprising. Your language may have a way of doing this.
AMO 9 13 q7il figs-metaphor 0 the days will come … when the plowman A future time is spoken of as if “days will come.” Alternate translation: “there will be a time … when the plowman” or “in the future … the plowman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1
Book
Chapter
Verse
ID
SupportReference
OrigQuote
Occurrence
GLQuote
OccurrenceNote
3
AMO
1
intro
v72p
0
# Amos 1 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This book is written in a poetic form. Because it was written by a farmer, it includes many references to agricultural concepts.<br><br>### “For three sins of Judah, even for four”<br>The phrase “For three sins of Judah, even for four,” is used to begin each oracle. This is not intended to be a literal count but is an idiom indicating a large number of sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
4
AMO
1
1
zsg5
writing-poetry
0
General Information:
God speaks through Amos using poetic language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5
AMO
1
1
e8f1
figs-activepassive
0
These are the things concerning Israel that Amos, one of the shepherds in Tekoa, received in revelation
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “These are the things concerning Israel that God revealed to Amos, one of the shepherds in Tekoa” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6
AMO
1
1
qz81
0
These are the things
“This is the message”Alternate translation: “This is the message”
7
AMO
1
1
a358
translate-names
0
in Tekoa
“Tekoa” is the name of a town or village. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8
AMO
1
1
t6dv
figs-activepassive
0
He received these things
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God gave him these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9
AMO
1
1
ffc4
figs-idiom
0
in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and also in the days of Jeroboam son of Joash king of Israel
The words “in the days of” is an idiom and refers to the time when each king reigned. Alternate translation: “when Uzziah was king of Judah, and also when Jeroboam son of Joash was king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
29
AMO
1
6
wc1b
0
For three sins of … even for four
This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but it indicates that many sins had led to God’s judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
30
AMO
1
6
ir17
figs-metonymy
0
Gaza
Here “Gaza” represents the people of the region of Gaza. Alternate translation: “the people of Gaza” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
31
AMO
1
6
pd54
figs-litotes
0
I will not turn away punishment
Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
32
AMO
1
6
mxg6
0
hand them over to
“deliver them up to” or “sell them to”Alternate translation: “deliver them up to” or “sell them to”
33
AMO
1
6
s4mb
figs-metonymy
0
Edom
Here “Edom” represents the people of the country of Edom. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
34
AMO
1
7
s2fy
figs-metaphor
0
it will devour her fortresses
Here Yahweh’s judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
35
AMO
1
8
r5df
0
Connecting Statement:
Yahweh continues his message of judgment on Gaza.
40
AMO
1
9
dw8j
0
For three sins of … even for four
This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God’s judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
41
AMO
1
9
m576
figs-metonymy
0
Tyre
Here “Tyre” represents the people of the city of Tyre. Alternate translation: “the people of Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
42
AMO
1
9
s55w
figs-litotes
0
I will not turn away punishment
Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
43
AMO
1
9
a5jh
0
their covenant of brotherhood
“the agreement they made to treat you as brothers”Alternate translation: “the agreement they made to treat you as brothers”
44
AMO
1
10
q6k1
figs-metaphor
0
it will devour her fortresses
Here Yahweh’s judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the fortresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
45
AMO
1
11
a393
0
For three sins of … even for four
This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God’s judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
46
AMO
1
11
re3j
figs-metonymy
0
Edom
Here “Edom” represents the people of the country of Edom. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
47
AMO
1
11
y8u9
figs-litotes
0
I will not turn away punishment
Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
48
AMO
1
11
t3ng
figs-explicit
0
he pursued his brother
The assumed knowledge is that Esau, from whom the people of Edom were descended, was the brother of Jacob, from whom the people of Israel were descended. Here “his brother” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “he pursued the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
49
AMO
1
11
we19
0
cast off all pity
“showed them no mercy”Alternate translation: “showed them no mercy”
50
AMO
1
11
hrl2
figs-parallelism
0
His anger raged continually, and his wrath lasted forever
These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize his continued anger. The abstract nouns “anger” and “wrath” can be translated using the adjectives “angry” and “furious.” Alternate translation: “He was continually angry and always furious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
51
AMO
1
11
e4yz
figs-hyperbole
0
his wrath lasted forever
This is an exaggeration that is meant to express the ongoing nature of his wrath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
52
AMO
1
12
u6m8
translate-names
0
Teman … Bozrah
These are names of places. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]
53
AMO
1
12
rv98
figs-metaphor
0
it will devour the palaces of Bozrah
Here Yahweh’s judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the palaces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
54
AMO
1
13
cc91
0
For three sins of … even for four
This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God’s judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
55
AMO
1
13
qdx6
figs-litotes
0
I will not turn away punishment
Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
56
AMO
1
13
b1tz
0
enlarge their borders
“extend their boundaries” or “expand their territory”Alternate translation: “extend their boundaries” or “expand their territory”
57
AMO
1
14
g9vi
0
Connecting Statement:
Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Ammon.
58
AMO
1
14
i3cd
figs-metaphor
0
it will devour the palaces
Here Yahweh’s judgment is spoken of as if it were a fire that was consuming the palaces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
59
AMO
1
14
hpu5
figs-metaphor
0
with a tempest in the day of the whirlwind
The fighting against the people of Ammon is spoken of as if it were a violent storm. Alternate translation: “and the fighting will be like a great storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
65
AMO
2
1
uc48
figs-metonymy
0
Moab
This represents the Moabite people. Alternate translation: “the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
66
AMO
2
1
pft8
figs-litotes
0
I will not turn away punishment
Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he would punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
67
AMO
2
1
w5dg
0
he burned the bones
The word “he” refers to Moab. Alternate translation: “the people of Moab burned the bones”
68
AMO
2
1
ma6m
0
to lime
“to ashes”Alternate translation: “to ashes”
69
AMO
2
2
ah6f
0
Connecting Statement:
Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Moab.
70
AMO
2
2
j3zn
translate-names
0
Kerioth
This is the name of a city or town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
71
AMO
2
2
w2hn
figs-metonymy
0
Moab will die
Here “Moab” represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
72
AMO
2
2
zm8i
0
in an uproar
An uproar is a very loud noise.
73
AMO
2
3
c3j7
0
the judge in her
“the ruler of Moab”Alternate translation: “the ruler of Moab”
74
AMO
2
3
bj82
0
all the princes
“all the officials” or “all the leaders”Alternate translation: “all the officials” or “all the leaders”
75
AMO
2
4
fu1p
0
For three sins of … even for four
This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but indicates that many sins had led to God’s judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md).
76
AMO
2
4
csn5
figs-metonymy
0
Judah
This represents the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
77
AMO
2
4
gt89
figs-litotes
0
I will not turn away punishment
Yahweh uses two negatives here to emphasize that he will punish them. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
100
AMO
2
9
b3lg
figs-idiom
0
Yet I destroyed his fruit above and his roots below
How Yahweh completely destroyed the Amorites is pictured as a tree being destroyed from top to bottom. Alternate translation: “Yet I destroyed them completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
101
AMO
2
11
xf7b
0
General Information:
The words “your” and “you” in these verses refer to the people of Israel.
102
AMO
2
11
d8dg
0
Connecting Statement:
Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel.
103
AMO
2
11
yd3w
0
raised up
“appointed”Alternate translation: “appointed”
104
AMO
2
11
hfp4
figs-activepassive
0
Is it not so, people of Israel?
Yahweh asks this question to emphasize what he has said. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You people of Israel certainly know that what I have said is true!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
105
AMO
2
11
ar32
figs-123person
0
this is Yahweh’s declaration
Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
106
AMO
2
13
gch1
0
General Information:
The word “you” in these verses refers to the people of Israel.
112
AMO
2
15
qs5b
0
The archer will not stand
Here “stand” means to keep one’s place in battle.
113
AMO
2
15
q2w6
figs-explicit
0
the fast runner will not escape
The implied information is that the fast runner will not escape from his enemies. Alternate translation: “the fast runner will be captured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
114
AMO
2
16
c22v
figs-metonymy
0
flee naked
This could mean: (1) this is a metonym for “run away without his weapons” or (2) this is meant literally as “run away wearing no clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
115
AMO
2
16
i9l6
0
in that day
“at that time”Alternate translation: “at that time”
116
AMO
2
16
szp1
figs-123person
0
this is Yahweh’s declaration
Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
117
AMO
3
intro
gtz5
0
# Amos 3 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Amos continues to use poetic form in this chapter to prophesy the disaster coming to the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>This chapter begins with a number of rhetorical questions. The last question provides the reader with some answers: “Yahweh has certainly spoken through his prophets. So listen to them.” The answer to these rhetorical questions have the expected response of “no” because they are things that are not expected to happen. The writer is helping the reader to conclude that God uses the prophets to speak his message.
118
AMO
3
1
em48
0
Hear this word
“Hear this message” or “Listen to this message”Alternate translation: “Hear this message” or “Listen to this message”
119
AMO
3
1
k2d9
0
that Yahweh has spoken against you … against the whole family
“this word that Yahweh has spoken about you … about the whole family” or “Yahweh’s message about you … about the whole family”Alternate translation: “this word that Yahweh has spoken about you … about the whole family” or “Yahweh’s message about you … about the whole family”
120
AMO
3
1
kc3z
0
you, people of Israel … the whole family that I brought up out of the land of Egypt
These two phrases refer to the same group of people. The people God is speaking to are the descendants of those he had taken out of Egypt.
121
AMO
3
1
kg5e
figs-metonymy
0
the whole family
Here “the whole family” represents to the whole nation. The people of Israel were all descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “the whole nation” or “the whole clan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
122
AMO
3
2
zb95
figs-explicit
0
I have chosen only you from all the families of the earth
This implies that they should have obeyed him. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I have chosen only you from all the families of the earth, so you should have obeyed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
146
AMO
3
10
qk73
0
For they do not know how to do right
The word “they” refers to the people of Samaria.
147
AMO
3
10
v5xa
figs-metonymy
0
They store up violence and destruction
Here “violence and destruction” represent things they have taken by being violent and destructive. Alternate translation: “They store up things that they have violently stolen from others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
148
AMO
3
11
zag9
figs-explicit
0
Therefore, this is what the Lord Yahweh says
It can be stated clearly who God was saying this to. Alternate translation: “Therefore, this is what the Lord Yahweh says to the people of Israel living in Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
149
AMO
3
11
av1v
0
An enemy will surround the land
“An enemy army will surround the land”Alternate translation: “An enemy army will surround the land”
150
AMO
3
11
njz8
0
plunder your fortresses
“steal all the things in your fortresses”Alternate translation: “steal all the things in your fortresses”
151
AMO
3
12
j2v9
figs-simile
0
As the shepherd rescues … so will the people of Israel … be rescued
The Lord compares the people of Israel being rescued with an unsuccessful attempt to rescue an animal from a lion. They will not be completely rescued. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
152
AMO
3
12
d9dl
figs-explicit
0
As the shepherd rescues out of the mouth of the lion two legs only, or a piece of an ear
It can be stated clearly that the shepherd tries to rescue the whole animal. Alternate translation: “As the shepherd tries to rescue an animal from the lion’s mouth, but is able to save only two legs or a piece of an ear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
153
AMO
3
12
t7nu
figs-genericnoun
0
As the shepherd … the lion
Here the phrases “the shepherd” and “the lion” refer to any shepherd or lion. Alternate translation: “As a shepherd … a lion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
155
AMO
3
12
ln9g
0
couch
This is a soft chair big enough to lie down on.
156
AMO
3
13
u9dn
figs-metonymy
0
the house of Jacob
The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob’s descendants. They were the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
157
AMO
3
13
tw5j
figs-123person
0
this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts
Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated the similar phrase “this is Yahweh’s declaration” in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
158
AMO
3
14
agr5
0
in the day that I punish the sins of Israel
“when I punish the sins of Israel”Alternate translation: “when I punish the sins of Israel”
159
AMO
3
14
z44y
figs-metonymy
0
I will also punish the altars of Bethel
People sinned against God by worshiping false gods at their altars. Here “punish the altars” represents punishing the people by destroying their altars. Alternate translation: “I will also destroy the altars at Bethel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
160
AMO
3
14
cy5d
figs-activepassive
0
The horns of the altar will be cut off and fall to the ground
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will cut off the horns of the altars, and the horns will fall to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
161
AMO
3
14
gi8t
0
horns of the altar
People worshiped false gods at their altars. At the top corners of the altars there were pieces of metal shaped like bull horns. These horns were a symbol of the strength of their gods.
184
AMO
4
4
rpw1
figs-irony
0
bring your sacrifices … every three days
God makes these commands in order to show the people that he is angry that even though they do these things, they continue to sin against him in other ways. These commands can be expressed as statements. Alternate translation: “You bring your sacrifices … every three days, but it does you no good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
185
AMO
4
4
nz43
0
every three days
This could mean: (1) on the third day or (2) every third day. Some versions have “every three years,” because the Israelites were supposed to bring their tithes to God once every three years.
186
AMO
4
5
uc1y
figs-irony
0
Offer a thanksgiving sacrifice … proclaim freewill offerings; announce them, for this pleases
God makes these commands in order to show the people that even though they do these things, he is angry because they continue to sin against him in other ways. Use the form in your language that shows that they will do these things no matter what Yahweh says, but these things will do them no good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
187
AMO
4
5
m5ne
0
announce them
“boast about them”Alternate translation: “boast about them”
188
AMO
4
5
xk7i
figs-explicit
0
for this pleases you, you people of Israel
Yahweh rebukes them for being proud about their offerings and sacrifices. They think that God should be pleased with them, but he is not. Alternate translation: “for this pleases you, you people of Israel. But it does not please me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
189
AMO
4
5
td4d
figs-123person
0
this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh
Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated the similar phrase “this is Yahweh’s declaration” in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
190
AMO
4
6
tx4m
0
Connecting Statement:
God continues to speak to the people of Israel.
192
AMO
4
6
fi56
figs-metonymy
0
lack of bread
Giving them “lack of bread” represents causing them to lack bread, and “bread” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “I caused you not to have enough food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
193
AMO
4
6
j831
figs-metaphor
0
you have not returned to me
Returning to God represents submitting again to him. Alternate translation: “you have not submitted again to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
194
AMO
4
6
vsj8
figs-123person
0
this is Yahweh’s declaration
Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated these words in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
195
AMO
4
7
emt8
0
I also withheld rain from you
“I prevented the rain from falling on your crops”Alternate translation: “I prevented the rain from falling on your crops”
196
AMO
4
7
zv4m
figs-explicit
0
when there were still three months to the harvest
It can be stated clearly that the people needed the rain. Alternate translation: “when there were still three months to the harvest and your crops needed the rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
197
AMO
4
7
nmf3
figs-activepassive
0
One piece of land was rained on
This can be stated in active form. The phrase “One piece of land” represents any piece of land.” Alternate translation: “It rained on one piece of land” or “It rained on some pieces of land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
198
AMO
4
7
uw18
figs-genericnoun
0
the piece of land where it did not rain
This refers to any piece of land where it did not rain. Alternate translation: “the pieces of land where it did not rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
202
AMO
4
9
cz91
figs-metonymy
0
I afflicted you with blight and mildew
Here “afflicted you” represents afflicting their crops. Alternate translation: “I afflicted your crops with blight and mildew” or “I destroyed your crops with blight and mildew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
203
AMO
4
9
s18c
0
blight
This is a disease that dries and kills plants. It is caused by the hot wind from the desert.
204
AMO
4
9
q9at
0
mildew
This is another disease that kills plants.
205
AMO
4
10
e3iy
0
I sent a plague on you as on Egypt
“I sent a plague on you as I did on Egypt” or “I sent a plague on you as I sent plagues on Egypt”Alternate translation: “I sent a plague on you as I did on Egypt” or “I sent a plague on you as I sent plagues on Egypt”
206
AMO
4
10
uqf3
0
I sent a plague on you
“I caused terrible things to happen to you”Alternate translation: “I caused terrible things to happen to you”
207
AMO
4
10
d4vk
figs-metonymy
0
I killed your young men with the sword
Here “the sword” represents battle. God killed them by sending enemies to fight against them. Alternate translation: “I made your enemies kill your men in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
208
AMO
4
10
g3ig
figs-metonymy
0
carried away your horses
God speaks of causing the enemies to steal their horses as if he carried the horses away. Alternate translation: “I made your enemies take away your horses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
209
AMO
4
10
l8vu
figs-metonymy
0
made the stench of your camp come up to your nostrils
A stench is a bad smell. The stench coming up to their nostrils represents them smelling something terrible. It can be stated clearly that the smell was from the dead bodies of those who were killed. Alternate translation: “I made you smell the terrible odor of the dead bodies in your camp” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
226
AMO
5
3
xna6
0
will have a hundred left
“will have a hundred soldiers who have not been killed” or “will have only a hundred soldiers still alive.” Here being “left” refers to not being killed by the enemy.
227
AMO
5
4
u2lu
figs-metaphor
0
Seek me
Here “Seek me” represents asking God for help. Alternate translation: “Ask me for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
228
AMO
5
5
gux2
figs-metaphor
0
Do not seek Bethel
Here “seek Bethel” represents going to Bethel to ask for help. Alternate translation: “Do not go to Bethel to ask for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
229
AMO
5
5
xc6k
0
nor enter Gilgal
“and do not enter Gilgal”Alternate translation: “and do not enter Gilgal”
230
AMO
5
5
ixk2
figs-metonymy
0
For Gilgal will surely go into captivity
Here “Gilgal” represents the people of Gilgal, and going into captivity refers to being captured and taken away. Alternate translation: “For the people of Gilgal will surely be captured and taken away” or “For your enemies will surely capture the people of Gilgal and take them away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
231
AMO
5
5
fdq3
figs-metaphor
0
Bethel will become nothing
Here “become nothing” represents being destroyed. Alternate translation: “Bethel will be completely destroyed” or “enemies will completely destroy Bethel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
232
AMO
5
6
a5vv
figs-metaphor
0
Seek Yahweh
Here “Seek Yahweh” represents asking him for help. Alternate translation: “Ask Yahweh for help” or “Ask me, Yahweh, for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
233
AMO
5
6
vc8n
figs-simile
0
he will break out like fire
Here “break out like a fire” represents destroying things as fire destroys things. Alternate translation: “he will become like a fire that breaks out suddenly and destroys everything” or “he will destroy everything like a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
234
AMO
5
6
tcz9
figs-metonymy
0
the house of Joseph
This phrase is a metonym for the descendants of Joseph. Here it represents the northern kingdom of Israel, whose two largest tribes were the descendants of Joseph. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph” or “Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
235
AMO
5
6
it6f
figs-metaphor
0
It will devour
The word “it” refers to the fire, and “devour” represents destroying everything. God destroying everything is spoken of as if a fire were to destroy everything. Alternate translation: “It will destroy everything” or “He will destroy everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
236
AMO
5
6
ir1n
0
there will be no one to quench it
“there will no one to stop it” or “there will be no one to stop him from destroying everything”Alternate translation: “there will no one to stop it” or “there will be no one to stop him from destroying everything”
237
AMO
5
7
eqb9
figs-metaphor
0
turn justice into a bitter thing
Here “a bitter thing” represents actions that harm people, and “turn justice into a bitter thing” represents harming people rather than doing for them what is just. Alternate translation: “say that they are doing what is just, but instead they harm people” or “refuse to do what is just and harm people instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
238
AMO
5
7
jjl7
figs-metaphor
0
throw righteousness down to the ground
This represents treating righteousness as if it were worthless. Alternate translation: “treat righteousness as though it were as unimportant as dirt” or “you despise what is righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
239
AMO
5
8
uny6
translate-unknown
0
the Pleiades and Orion
People saw patterns in the stars in the sky and gave names to them. These are two of those patterns. Alternate translation: “the stars” or “the groups of stars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
242
AMO
5
8
rb72
0
Yahweh is his name!
By declaring his name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things.
243
AMO
5
9
u2if
figs-abstractnouns
0
He brings sudden destruction on the strong
The abstract noun “destruction” can be translated with the verb “destroy.” The phrase “the strong” refers to strong people, specifically soldiers. Alternate translation: “He suddenly destroys the strong people” or “He suddenly destroys the soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
244
AMO
5
9
t2g1
figs-abstractnouns
0
so that destruction comes on the fortresses
The abstract noun “destruction” can be translated with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “so that the fortresses are destroyed” or “and he destroys the fortresses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
245
AMO
5
10
s23g
0
They hate anyone
“The people of Israel hate anyone”Alternate translation: “The people of Israel hate anyone”
246
AMO
5
11
ldj5
0
worked stone
“cut stones” or “stones that people have cut”Alternate translation: “cut stones” or “stones that people have cut”
247
AMO
5
11
sm1t
figs-explicit
0
you will not drink their wine
The word “their” refers to the vineyards. This may imply that no one will make the wine, or even that there will not be enough good grapes to make wine. Alternate translation: “you will not drink the wine that is made from the grapes in your vineyards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
248
AMO
5
12
v579
0
afflict the just, take bribes, and turn aside the needy in the city gate
This is a list of some of their sins.
249
AMO
5
12
mkx5
figs-nominaladj
0
the just
The word “just” is a nominal adjective that refers to just people. Alternate translation: “just people” or “righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
250
AMO
5
12
c3fm
0
take bribes
“let people pay you to do bad things” or “let people pay you to lie about people”Alternate translation: “let people pay you to do bad things” or “let people pay you to lie about people”
251
AMO
5
12
pnt4
figs-explicit
0
turn aside the needy in the city gate
Here “turn aside the needy” represents telling the needy people to leave. It can be made clear why the needy were at the city gate. Alternate translation: “do not allow poor people to bring their cases to the judges in the city gate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
252
AMO
5
12
hqu9
figs-nominaladj
0
the needy
The word “needy” is a nominal adjective that refers to people who are in need. Alternate translation: “people in need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
253
AMO
5
13
zgm3
0
any prudent person is silent
Those who do not want the evil people to harm them will not speak out against the evil deeds. Alternate translation: “wise people do not speak about the evil things people are doing”
257
AMO
5
15
tqy7
figs-idiom
0
establish justice in the city gate
Here “establish justice” represents making sure that justice is done. Alternate translation: “make sure that justice is done in the city gates” or “make sure that the judges make just decisions in the city gates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
258
AMO
5
15
jkw4
figs-explicit
0
in the city gate
City gates were where business transactions occurred and judgments were made, because city walls were thick enough to have gateways that produced cool shade from the hot sun Alternate translation: “in your courts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
259
AMO
5
15
eb3d
figs-metonymy
0
the remnant of Joseph
Here “remnant” refers to people who are still living in Israel after the others are killed or taken away as captives. Here “Joseph” represents the northern kingdom of Israel, whose two largest tribes were the descendants of Joseph. See how you translated “house of Joseph” in [Amos 5:6](../05/06.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph who are still alive” or “those of Israel who survive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
260
AMO
5
16
wux6
0
this is what Yahweh says, the God of hosts, the Lord
“this is what Yahweh, the God of hosts, the Lord says”Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh, the God of hosts, the Lord says”
261
AMO
5
16
qyz8
0
Wailing will be in all the squares
“People will wail in all the town squares”Alternate translation: “People will wail in all the town squares”
262
AMO
5
16
iv7k
0
Wailing
long, loud, sad cries
263
AMO
5
16
d7mv
0
the squares
broad open places in the town where people gather
264
AMO
5
16
n1g7
figs-ellipsis
0
the mourners to wail
The phrase “they will call” is understood from the beginning of the sentence. Alternate translation: “they will call the mourners to wail” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
268
AMO
5
20
azx9
figs-rquestion
0
Will not the day of Yahweh be darkness and not light?
This question emphasizes that bad things will happen then. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “The day of Yahweh will certainly be darkness and not light!” or “Bad things, not good things, will certainly happen on the day of Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
269
AMO
5
20
l68z
figs-rquestion
0
Gloom and no brightness?
The words “Will not the day of Yahweh be” is understood from the previous sentence. Like the previous question, it emphasizes that terrible things, not good things, will happen on the day of Yahweh. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “It will be a time of when terrible things, not good things, will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
270
AMO
5
21
t6lg
figs-doublet
0
I hate, I despise your festivals
The word “despise” is a strong word for “hate.” Together the two words emphasize the intensity of Yahweh’s hatred for their religious festivals. Alternate translation: “I hate your festivals very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
271
AMO
5
21
f4xx
0
I take no delight in your solemn assemblies
“Your solemn assemblies do not please me at all”Alternate translation: “Your solemn assemblies do not please me at all”
272
AMO
5
23
i5jv
figs-metaphor
0
Remove from me the noise of your songs
This speaks of the noise of songs as if it could be put somewhere else. It represents stopping singing. Alternate translation: “Stop singing your noisy songs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
273
AMO
5
23
es63
0
noise
unpleasant sounds
274
AMO
5
24
nn21
figs-simile
0
let justice flow like water, and righteousness like a constantly flowing stream
This represents causing there to be much justice and righteous. Alternate translation: “let there be so much justice that it is like flowing water, and let there be so much righteousness that it is like a constantly flowing stream” or “let justice abound like a flood, and let righteousness abound like a stream that never stops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
289
AMO
6
3
hft9
figs-metaphor
0
to those who put off the day of disaster
Refusing to believe that Yahweh will cause disaster is spoken of as if the “day of disaster” were an object the people could put far from themselves. Alternate translation: “to those who refuse to believe that I will cause them to experience disaster” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
290
AMO
6
3
k8kh
figs-metonymy
0
and make the throne of violence come near
Here “throne” is a metonym that represents reign or rule. The people doing evil things, which causes Yahweh to bring disaster on them, is spoken of as if they were causing “violence” to rule them. Alternate translation: “but who are actually causing me to send violent people to destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
291
AMO
6
4
zn5w
0
lie … lounge
Israelites at that time usually ate while sitting on a floor cloth or a simple seat.
292
AMO
6
4
nte4
0
beds of ivory
“beds decorated with ivory” or “costly beds”Alternate translation: “beds decorated with ivory” or “costly beds”
293
AMO
6
4
hge8
translate-unknown
0
ivory
a white substance made from the teeth and horns of large animals (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
294
AMO
6
4
iy9i
0
lounge
lie around like lazy people
295
AMO
6
4
t9gg
0
couches
soft seats large enough to lie down on
296
AMO
6
5
x1kv
0
they improvise on instruments
This could mean: (1) they invent new songs and ways of playing the instruments or (2) they invent new instruments.
297
AMO
6
6
wq23
figs-explicit
0
drink wine from bowls
This implies that they drink a lot of wine because they drink it from a large bowl rather than a regular wine cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
298
AMO
6
6
dxk5
figs-metonymy
0
they do not grieve over the ruin of Joseph
Here “Joseph” represents his descendants. Alternate translation: “they do not grieve about the descendants of Joseph whom enemies will soon destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
299
AMO
6
7
p1et
0
they will now go into exile with the first exiles
“they will be among the first ones to go into exile” or “I will send them into exile first”Alternate translation: “they will be among the first ones to go into exile” or “I will send them into exile first”
300
AMO
6
7
g684
0
the feasts of those who lounge about will pass away
“there will be no more feasts for people to lie around at ease”Alternate translation: “there will be no more feasts for people to lie around at ease”
301
AMO
6
8
kz1e
figs-123person
0
this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts
Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 3:13](../03/13.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
302
AMO
6
8
l8fw
figs-metonymy
0
I detest the pride of Jacob
Here “Jacob” represents his descendants. Alternate translation: “I hate the descendants of Jacob because they have become arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
303
AMO
6
8
n646
figs-explicit
0
I hate his fortresses
It is implied that Yahweh hates the fortresses because the people believed the fortresses would keep them safe. Alternate translation: “I hate the people of Israel because they trust in their fortresses, not in me, to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
305
AMO
6
9
rz49
figs-explicit
0
if there are ten men left in one house, they will all die
This seems to imply that something terrible is happening, and these ten men go into the house to hide. Alternate translation: “if ten men are hiding inside of a house, they will all still die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
306
AMO
6
10
s8i5
0
a man’s relative comes to take their bodies up—the one who is to cremate them after bringing the corpses out of the house—if he says to the person in the house, “Is … you?”
The meaning of these words is not clear. This could mean: (1) the “man’s relative” is the one who will “take their bodies up” and “cremate … the corpses,” and he speaks to a person who hid in the house after the ten family members died or (2) the “man’s relative” who “comes to take their bodies up” is a different person from “the one who is to cremate … the corpses,” and they talk to each other in the house. Alternate translation: “a man’s relative comes to take their bodies up, and the one who will burn the corpses after they have been brought out of the house is with him—if while they are in the house the relative says to the burner of the corpses, ‘Is … you?’”
307
AMO
6
10
v4gf
0
cremate
to burn a dead body
308
AMO
6
10
e57y
0
bringing the corpses
“bringing the dead bodies”Alternate translation: “bringing the dead bodies”
309
AMO
6
10
qj51
figs-explicit
0
Then he will say, “Be quiet, for we must not mention Yahweh’s name.”
The meaning of this is not clear. It seems to imply that the one who asked the question is afraid the one answering will mention Yahweh’s name carelessly. If he does this, it may draw Yahweh’s attention to them, and he may kill them too. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
310
AMO
6
11
bc74
0
look
“listen” or “pay attention”Alternate translation: “listen” or “pay attention”
311
AMO
6
11
q1t3
figs-parallelism
0
the big house will be smashed to pieces, and the little house to bits
These two phrases share similar meanings. The contrast between “the big house” and “the little house” means that this refers to all houses. Alternate translation: “all the houses will be smashed into small pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
312
AMO
6
11
j5da
figs-activepassive
0
the big house will be smashed to pieces
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemy will smash the big house to pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
313
AMO
6
11
dc2l
0
to pieces … to bits
You can use the same word for both of these phrases.
319
AMO
6
12
w7di
figs-parallelism
0
the fruit of righteousness into bitterness
This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Distorting what is right is spoken of as if righteousness were a sweet fruit that the people made bitter tasting. Alternate translation: “you distort what is right” or “you punish those who do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
320
AMO
6
13
dfq3
translate-names
0
Lo Debar … Karnaim
These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
321
AMO
6
13
c8kb
figs-rquestion
0
Have we not taken Karnaim by our own strength?
The people use a question to emphasize that they believe they captured a city because of their own power. Alternate translation: “We captured Karnaim by our own power!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
322
AMO
6
14
yze1
0
look
“listen” or “pay attention”Alternate translation: “listen” or “pay attention”
323
AMO
6
14
u8j4
figs-123person
0
this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts
Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 3:13](../03/13.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, the God of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
324
AMO
6
14
alt4
figs-metonymy
0
from Lebo Hamath to the brook of the Arabah
Here “Lebo Hamath” represents the northern border of Israel, and “brook of the Arabah” represents the southern border. Alternate translation: “from the northern border of your nation to the southern border” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
325
AMO
6
14
jfe8
0
brook
a small river that flows only during the wet season
326
AMO
7
intro
vkd3
0
# Amos 7 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is mainly written as a narrative about the prophet Amos interacting with Yahweh. Yahweh presents three different scenarios of judgment before Amos who pleads with God and he does not carry out His judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Reported speech<br>In the latter part of the chapter, it is important to follow the conversation carefully to understand who is speaking. There are some instances of “reported speech.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
327
AMO
7
1
h8xv
0
Look … look
The writer is telling the reader that he is about to say something surprising. Your language may have a way of doing this.
328
AMO
7
1
e1ul
0
locust
See how you translated this in [Amos 4:9](../04/09.md).
329
AMO
7
1
s8l3
0
after the king’s harvest
“after the king takes his share from the harvest”Alternate translation: “after the king takes his share from the harvest”
330
AMO
7
2
w1h8
figs-ellipsis
0
please forgive
The words “your people” or “us” are understood. Alternate translation: “please forgive your people” or “please forgive us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
331
AMO
7
2
wj76
figs-metonymy
0
how will Jacob survive? For he is so small.
Here “Jacob” represents his descendants the Israelites. Alternate translation: “how will we Israelites survive? We are so small and weak!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
332
AMO
7
4
l39l
0
Look
The writer is telling the reader that something surprising is about to happen. Your language may have a way of doing this.
333
AMO
7
4
nk44
0
the Lord Yahweh called on fire to judge
“the Lord Yahweh used burning fire to punish the people”Alternate translation: “the Lord Yahweh used burning fire to punish the people”
334
AMO
7
5
l5ir
figs-metonymy
0
how will Jacob survive? For he is so small.
Here “Jacob” represents his descendants the Israelites. See how you translated this in [Amos 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: “how will the Israelites survive? We are so small and weak!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
335
AMO
7
7
s6wg
0
plumb line
thin rope with a weight at one end used in building to make sure walls stand straight up and down
336
AMO
7
8
tbb9
figs-rquestion
0
what do you see?
Yahweh uses a question to teach Amos. Alternate translation: “tell me what you see.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
354
AMO
7
17
mr3m
figs-metaphor
0
an unclean land
A land full of people that are unacceptable to God is spoken of as if the land were physically unclean. Here it means a land other than Israel. Alternate translation: “a foreign land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
355
AMO
8
intro
h32s
0
# Amos 8 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written in poetic form and it shows the way Yahweh’s people are sinning and<br>how he is going to respond. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “This is the declaration of Yahweh”<br><br>This phrase is used to introduce prophecy. It highlights what God is proclaiming. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
356
AMO
8
1
m4g1
0
Look, a basket of summer fruit!
The word “look” here shows that Amos saw something interesting. Alternate translation: “I saw a basket of summer fruit!”
357
AMO
8
1
i65f
0
summer fruit
“ripe fruit”Alternate translation: “ripe fruit”
358
AMO
8
2
ixx6
figs-rquestion
0
What do you see, Amos?
Yahweh uses a question to teach Amos. Alternate translation: “Tell me what you see, Amos.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
359
AMO
8
3
y5rl
0
in that day
“at that time”Alternate translation: “at that time”
360
AMO
8
3
zv6m
0
Silence!
This could mean: (1) Yahweh is to telling the people to be silent as they hear about the severity of his punishment or (2) the people will be silent because of their grief after Yahweh’s punishment.
361
AMO
8
4
jya8
0
Listen to this
Amos is speaking to the wealthy merchants who harm those who are poor.
362
AMO
8
4
sm8z
figs-nominaladj
0
you who trample the needy and remove the poor of the land
This can be restated to remove the nominal adjectives “the needy” and “the poor.” Alternate translation: “you who trample those who are in need and remove those in the land that are poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
368
AMO
8
8
dgd5
figs-rquestion
0
Will not the land quake for this, and every one who lives in it mourn?
Amos uses a question to emphasize that these things will certainly happen. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause the land to shake, and every one who lives in it will mourn.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
369
AMO
8
8
phh2
figs-simile
0
All of it will rise up like the Nile River … like the river of Egypt
Amos compares the rising and sinking of the waters of the Nile River to how Yahweh will cause the land to shake when he judges the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
370
AMO
8
8
t1gv
0
river of Egypt
This is another name for the Nile River.
371
AMO
8
9
xwg6
0
It will come in that day
“It will happen at that time”Alternate translation: “It will happen at that time”
372
AMO
8
10
ng1i
translate-symaction
0
have baldness on every head
A person shaves his head to show that he is grieving. Alternate translation: “cause you all to shave your heads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
373
AMO
8
10
tj9n
figs-ellipsis
0
like mourning for an only son
It is understood that the only son has died. Alternate translation: “like mourning for an only son who has died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
374
AMO
8
10
g3j6
figs-metaphor
0
a bitter day to its end
Terrible and sad things happening during a day is spoken of as if the day had a bitter taste. Alternate translation: “everything that happens at that time will cause you great sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
377
AMO
8
11
f1wu
figs-123person
0
the words of Yahweh
This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “words from me, Yahweh” or “my messages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
378
AMO
8
12
ez94
figs-merism
0
They will stagger from sea to sea; they will run from the north to the east to seek the word of Yahweh
Here “sea to sea” and “the north to the east” represent all of the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “They will wander here and there and search all over for the word of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
379
AMO
8
12
g73n
figs-explicit
0
from sea to sea
This implies the Dead Sea in the south and the Mediterranean Sea in the west. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
380
AMO
8
13
n4nn
0
In that day
“At that time”Alternate translation: “At that time”
381
AMO
8
13
gxq2
0
faint
to lose all strength
382
AMO
8
14
sg5b
figs-metonymy
0
by the sin of Samaria
Here “sin” represents the false god the people worship in Samaria. Alternate translation: “by the false god of Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
383
AMO
8
14
xsl2
0
As your god lives, Dan
This is a way of making a solemn oath. The people declare that they believe the god of Dan is certainly alive to emphasize that they will certainly do what they promise to do.
413
AMO
9
9
s4w3
0
sieve
a surface with many small holes that allow small things to pass through and keep larger things from passing through
414
AMO
9
10
rxt3
figs-metonymy
0
All the sinners of my people will die by the sword
Here “sword” represents their enemies. Alternate translation: “Enemies will kill all the sinners of my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
415
AMO
9
10
rgi9
figs-metaphor
0
Disaster will not overtake or meet us
Experiencing disaster is spoken of as disaster could overtake or meet someone. Alternate translation: “We will not experience disaster” or “Bad things will not happen to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
416
AMO
9
11
p2kf
0
In that day
“At that time”Alternate translation: “At that time”
417
AMO
9
11
m4ub
figs-metaphor
0
I will raise up the tent of David that has fallen
Causing the people of Israel to be great again is spoken of as if David’s kingdom were a tent that fell down and Yahweh will set it back up. Alternate translation: “David’s kingdom will be like tent that has fallen down, but I will raise it back up again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
418
AMO
9
11
gh6q
0
close up its breaches
“I will repair its walls”Alternate translation: “I will repair its walls”
419
AMO
9
11
pje4
0
I will raise up its ruins, and rebuild it as in the days of old
“I will rebuild its ruins and make it strong like it was long ago”Alternate translation: “I will rebuild its ruins and make it strong like it was long ago”
420
AMO
9
11
b46a
0
breaches
parts of a wall that have fallen down
421
AMO
9
12
fi4l
0
the remnant of Edom
“the remaining part of Edom’s territory”Alternate translation: “the remaining part of Edom’s territory”
422
AMO
9
12
gc63
figs-metonymy
0
all the nations that are called by my name
Here “name” represents Yahweh. The idiom “called by my name” means they once belonged to Yahweh. This means that in the past the people had conquered and taken control of these territories. Alternate translation: “all the nations that once belonged to me” or “all the nations that I caused the people of Israel to conquer in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
423
AMO
9
13
v7us
0
Look
The writer is telling the reader that he is going to say something surprising. Your language may have a way of doing this.
424
AMO
9
13
q7il
figs-metaphor
0
the days will come … when the plowman
A future time is spoken of as if “days will come.” Alternate translation: “there will be a time … when the plowman” or “in the future … the plowman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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Larry Sallee