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All Philippians TN edits through 3:19 (#2185) 

Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2185
Co-authored-by: Grant_Ailie <grant_ailie@noreply.door43.org>
Co-committed-by: Grant_Ailie <grant_ailie@noreply.door43.org>
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Grant_Ailie 2021-12-16 22:27:49 +00:00
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@ -314,19 +314,18 @@ PHP 3 15 yy22 καὶ τοῦτο ὁ Θεὸς ὑμῖν ἀποκαλύψε
PHP 3 16 pxn9 figs-exclusive εἰς ὃ ἐφθάσαμεν, τῷ αὐτῷ στοιχεῖν 1 in what we have attained, we should live in it When Paul says **we** in this verse, he is speaking of himself and the Philippian Christians so **we** is inclusive here. Your language may require you to mark these two uses of **we** as inclusive forms. Alternate translation: “let us all continue obeying the same truth we have already received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
PHP 3 16 p3pm εἰς ὃ ἐφθάσαμεν, τῷ αὐτῷ στοιχεῖν 1 in what we have attained, we should live in it Alternate translation: “in the things that we have attained so far, we should live in them” or “in the things that we have believed so far, we should obey them” or “in the things that we have believed so far, we should act on them”
PHP 3 17 jed4 συνμιμηταί μου γίνεσθε 1 Become imitators of me Alternate translation: “Do what I do” or “Live as I live”
PHP 3 17 yvor figs-yousingular γίνεσθε 1 Become imitators of me The word **Become** is a command given to the Philippian Christians in the plural form. In the original language that Paul wrote this letter in, the word **become** could be translated as “you become”. If your language has a plural command form that would be appropriate to use in this context, consider using it in your translation of this word. Alternate translation: “I exhort each of you to become” or “Each of you become” or “I command each of you to become” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular)
PHP 3 17 yvor figs-yousingular γίνεσθε 1 Become imitators of me The word **Become** is a command given to the Philippian Christians in the plural form. In the original language that Paul wrote this letter in, the word **Become** could be translated as “you become”. If your language has a plural command form that would be appropriate to use in this context, consider using it in your translation of this word. Alternate translation: “I exhort each of you to become” or “Each of you become” or “I command each of you to become” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular)
PHP 3 17 uxc5 ἀδελφοί ἀδελφοί 1 brothers See how you translated the word **brothers** in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md).
PHP 3 17 mo8a figs-yousingular σκοπεῖτε 1 those who are thus walking, just as you have us as an example In the original language that Paul wrote this letter in, the phrase **watch closely** is a command given to the Philippian Christians in the plural form. If your language has a plural command form that would be appropriate to use in this context, consider using it in your translation of this word. Alternate translation: “I exhort each of you to watch closely” or “each of you watch closely” or “I urge each of you to watch closely” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular)
PHP 3 17 h4tv τοὺς οὕτω περιπατοῦντας, καθὼς ἔχετε τύπον ἡμᾶς 1 those who are thus walking, just as you have us as an example Alternate translation: “those people who are already living just as I live, and follow our example” or “those people who are already doing what I do, and imitate us”
PHP 3 18 ab61 figs-metonymy πολλοὶ γὰρ περιπατοῦσιν, οὓς πολλάκις ἔλεγον ὑμῖν 1 many walk … as enemies of the cross of Christ Here, the word **walk** is a Jewish figure of speech meaning to “live” or to “conduct one’s life”. In Jewish culture a person’s behavior was spoken of as if that person was walking along a path. If this would be unclear in your language consider stating this in plain language. Alternate translation: “For many live—about whom I have often told you” or “For many conduct their lives—about whom I have often told you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 3 18 x2lu οὓς πολλάκις ἔλεγον ὑμῖν, νῦν δὲ καὶ κλαίων, λέγω 1 about whom I have often told you, but now even weeping, I say Paul interrupts his main thought with these words that describe the “many.” You can move them to the beginning or end of the verse if you need to.
PHP 3 18 zwp3 πολλάκις ἔλεγον ὑμῖν 1 I have often told you “I have told you many times”
PHP 3 18 h6pc κλαίων, λέγω 1 weeping, I say “telling you with great sadness”
PHP 3 18 n8q2 figs-metonymy τοὺς ἐχθροὺς τοῦ σταυροῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 as enemies of the cross of Christ Paul is figuratively describing the good news of Jesus’ death and resurrection and the ministry of sharing this good news by associating these things with **the cross of Christ**. Here, the phrase **the cross of Christ** is synonymous with the gospel message and the work of spreading the gospel message. The phrase **enemies of the cross of Christ** refers to the people who are opposed to the message of the gospel and oppose those who share this news. If this is not clear in your language you could express this with plain language. Alternate translation: “as enemies of the good news about Jesus” or “as enemies of the message about Jesus and enemies of those who proclaim it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 3 19 v8gv ὧν τὸ τέλος ἀπώλεια 1 whose end is destruction “but someday God will destroy them.” The last thing that happens to them is that God will destroy them.
PHP 3 19 hn9i figs-metaphor ὧν ὁ Θεὸς ἡ κοιλία 1 whose god is their belly Here, **belly** refers to a person’s desires for physical pleasure. Calling it their **god** means that they want these pleasures more than they want to obey God. Alternate translation: “they desire food and other physical pleasures more than they desire to obey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 3 19 u9cl figs-metonymy ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ αἰσχύνῃ αὐτῶν 1 their glory is in their shame Here, **shame** stands for the actions that the people should be ashamed about but are not. Alternate translation: “they are proud of the things that should cause them shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 3 19 sv5z figs-metonymy οἱ τὰ ἐπίγεια φρονοῦντες 1 who are thinking about earthly things Here, **earthly** refers to everything that gives physical pleasure and does not honor God. Alternate translation: “All they think about is what will please themselves rather than what will please God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 3 18 zwp3 figs-ellipsis πολλοὶ γὰρ 1 I have often told you The phrase **For many** leaves out a word that would be needed in some languages to be completely clear. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply the missing word from the context. Alternate translation: “For many people walk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])<br>
PHP 3 18 h6pc κλαίων, λέγω 1 weeping, I say Alternate translation: “telling you with great sadness”
PHP 3 18 n8q2 figs-metonymy τοὺς ἐχθροὺς τοῦ σταυροῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 as enemies of the cross of Christ Paul is figuratively describing the good news of Jesus’ death and resurrection and the work of sharing this good news by associating these things with **the cross of Christ**. Here, the phrase **the cross of Christ** is synonymous with the gospel message and the work of spreading the gospel message. The phrase **enemies of the cross of Christ** refers to the people who are opposed to the message of the gospel and oppose those who share it with others. If this is not clear in your language you could express this with plain language. Alternate translation: “as enemies of the good news about Jesus” or “as enemies of the message about Jesus and enemies of those who proclaim it” or “as enemies of the message about Jesus and enemies of those who share it with others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 3 19 v8gv ὧν τὸ τέλος ἀπώλεια 1 whose end is destruction Alternate translation: “God will destroy these people in the future” or “In the future there will come a day when God will destroy these people”.
PHP 3 19 hn9i figs-synecdoche ὧν ὁ Θεὸς ἡ κοιλία 1 whose god is their belly Here, Paul uses **belly** figuratively to represent all physical desires for pleasure. By Paul calling their **belly** their **god** he means that these people love and serve their physical desire for pleasure rather than loving and serving God. If this is not clear in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or you can use plain language. Alternate translation: “who serve their desire for food and other pleasures rather than God” or “who obey their physical appetites instead of God” or “who love pleasure more than they love God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PHP 3 19 u9cl figs-metonymy ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ αἰσχύνῃ αὐτῶν 1 their glory is in their shame Here, **shame** stands for the actions that people should be ashamed of but are not. Alternate translation: “they are proud of the things that should cause them shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 3 19 sv5z figs-metonymy οἱ τὰ ἐπίγεια φρονοῦντες 1 who are thinking about earthly things Here, **earthly** refers to all the things that pertain to everyday living on earth. The implied contrast that Paul is making here is between earthly things and spiritual things. Alternate translation: “All they think about is earthly things instead of the things of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 3 20 q1cc figs-exclusive 0 General Information: By Paul’s use of “our” and “we” here, he includes himself and the believers in Philippi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
PHP 3 20 n2lh ἡμῶν…τὸ πολίτευμα ἐν οὐρανοῖς ὑπάρχει 1 our citizenship exists in heaven This could mean: (1) We are citizens of heaven. (2) Our homeland is heaven. (3) Our true home is heaven.
PHP 3 21 eye2 ὃς μετασχηματίσει τὸ σῶμα τῆς ταπεινώσεως ἡμῶν 1 who will transform our lowly body “who will change our weak, earthly body”

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
314 PHP 3 16 pxn9 figs-exclusive εἰς ὃ ἐφθάσαμεν, τῷ αὐτῷ στοιχεῖν 1 in what we have attained, we should live in it When Paul says **we** in this verse, he is speaking of himself and the Philippian Christians so **we** is inclusive here. Your language may require you to mark these two uses of **we** as inclusive forms. Alternate translation: “let us all continue obeying the same truth we have already received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
315 PHP 3 16 p3pm εἰς ὃ ἐφθάσαμεν, τῷ αὐτῷ στοιχεῖν 1 in what we have attained, we should live in it Alternate translation: “in the things that we have attained so far, we should live in them” or “in the things that we have believed so far, we should obey them” or “in the things that we have believed so far, we should act on them”
316 PHP 3 17 jed4 συνμιμηταί μου γίνεσθε 1 Become imitators of me Alternate translation: “Do what I do” or “Live as I live”
317 PHP 3 17 yvor figs-yousingular γίνεσθε 1 Become imitators of me The word **Become** is a command given to the Philippian Christians in the plural form. In the original language that Paul wrote this letter in, the word **become** could be translated as “you become”. If your language has a plural command form that would be appropriate to use in this context, consider using it in your translation of this word. Alternate translation: “I exhort each of you to become” or “Each of you become” or “I command each of you to become” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular) The word **Become** is a command given to the Philippian Christians in the plural form. In the original language that Paul wrote this letter in, the word **Become** could be translated as “you become”. If your language has a plural command form that would be appropriate to use in this context, consider using it in your translation of this word. Alternate translation: “I exhort each of you to become” or “Each of you become” or “I command each of you to become” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular)
318 PHP 3 17 uxc5 ἀδελφοί ἀδελφοί 1 brothers See how you translated the word **brothers** in [Philippians 1:12](../01/12.md).
319 PHP 3 17 mo8a figs-yousingular σκοπεῖτε 1 those who are thus walking, just as you have us as an example In the original language that Paul wrote this letter in, the phrase **watch closely** is a command given to the Philippian Christians in the plural form. If your language has a plural command form that would be appropriate to use in this context, consider using it in your translation of this word. Alternate translation: “I exhort each of you to watch closely” or “each of you watch closely” or “I urge each of you to watch closely” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular)
320 PHP 3 17 h4tv τοὺς οὕτω περιπατοῦντας, καθὼς ἔχετε τύπον ἡμᾶς 1 those who are thus walking, just as you have us as an example Alternate translation: “those people who are already living just as I live, and follow our example” or “those people who are already doing what I do, and imitate us”
321 PHP 3 18 ab61 figs-metonymy πολλοὶ γὰρ περιπατοῦσιν, οὓς πολλάκις ἔλεγον ὑμῖν 1 many walk … as enemies of the cross of Christ Here, the word **walk** is a Jewish figure of speech meaning to “live” or to “conduct one’s life”. In Jewish culture a person’s behavior was spoken of as if that person was walking along a path. If this would be unclear in your language consider stating this in plain language. Alternate translation: “For many live—about whom I have often told you” or “For many conduct their lives—about whom I have often told you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
322 PHP 3 18 x2lu zwp3 figs-ellipsis οὓς πολλάκις ἔλεγον ὑμῖν, νῦν δὲ καὶ κλαίων, λέγω πολλοὶ γὰρ 1 about whom I have often told you, but now even weeping, I say I have often told you Paul interrupts his main thought with these words that describe the “many.” You can move them to the beginning or end of the verse if you need to. The phrase **For many** leaves out a word that would be needed in some languages to be completely clear. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply the missing word from the context. Alternate translation: “For many people walk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])<br>
323 PHP 3 18 zwp3 h6pc πολλάκις ἔλεγον ὑμῖν κλαίων, λέγω 1 I have often told you weeping, I say “I have told you many times” Alternate translation: “telling you with great sadness”
324 PHP 3 18 h6pc n8q2 figs-metonymy κλαίων, λέγω τοὺς ἐχθροὺς τοῦ σταυροῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 weeping, I say as enemies of the cross of Christ “telling you with great sadness” Paul is figuratively describing the good news of Jesus’ death and resurrection and the work of sharing this good news by associating these things with **the cross of Christ**. Here, the phrase **the cross of Christ** is synonymous with the gospel message and the work of spreading the gospel message. The phrase **enemies of the cross of Christ** refers to the people who are opposed to the message of the gospel and oppose those who share it with others. If this is not clear in your language you could express this with plain language. Alternate translation: “as enemies of the good news about Jesus” or “as enemies of the message about Jesus and enemies of those who proclaim it” or “as enemies of the message about Jesus and enemies of those who share it with others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
325 PHP 3 18 19 n8q2 v8gv figs-metonymy τοὺς ἐχθροὺς τοῦ σταυροῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ ὧν τὸ τέλος ἀπώλεια 1 as enemies of the cross of Christ whose end is destruction Paul is figuratively describing the good news of Jesus’ death and resurrection and the ministry of sharing this good news by associating these things with **the cross of Christ**. Here, the phrase **the cross of Christ** is synonymous with the gospel message and the work of spreading the gospel message. The phrase **enemies of the cross of Christ** refers to the people who are opposed to the message of the gospel and oppose those who share this news. If this is not clear in your language you could express this with plain language. Alternate translation: “as enemies of the good news about Jesus” or “as enemies of the message about Jesus and enemies of those who proclaim it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Alternate translation: “God will destroy these people in the future” or “In the future there will come a day when God will destroy these people”.
326 PHP 3 19 v8gv hn9i figs-synecdoche ὧν τὸ τέλος ἀπώλεια ὧν ὁ Θεὸς ἡ κοιλία 1 whose end is destruction whose god is their belly “but someday God will destroy them.” The last thing that happens to them is that God will destroy them. Here, Paul uses **belly** figuratively to represent all physical desires for pleasure. By Paul calling their **belly** their **god** he means that these people love and serve their physical desire for pleasure rather than loving and serving God. If this is not clear in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or you can use plain language. Alternate translation: “who serve their desire for food and other pleasures rather than God” or “who obey their physical appetites instead of God” or “who love pleasure more than they love God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
327 PHP 3 19 hn9i u9cl figs-metaphor figs-metonymy ὧν ὁ Θεὸς ἡ κοιλία ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ αἰσχύνῃ αὐτῶν 1 whose god is their belly their glory is in their shame Here, **belly** refers to a person’s desires for physical pleasure. Calling it their **god** means that they want these pleasures more than they want to obey God. Alternate translation: “they desire food and other physical pleasures more than they desire to obey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here, **shame** stands for the actions that people should be ashamed of but are not. Alternate translation: “they are proud of the things that should cause them shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
328 PHP 3 19 u9cl sv5z figs-metonymy ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ αἰσχύνῃ αὐτῶν οἱ τὰ ἐπίγεια φρονοῦντες 1 their glory is in their shame who are thinking about earthly things Here, **shame** stands for the actions that the people should be ashamed about but are not. Alternate translation: “they are proud of the things that should cause them shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here, **earthly** refers to all the things that pertain to everyday living on earth. The implied contrast that Paul is making here is between earthly things and spiritual things. Alternate translation: “All they think about is earthly things instead of the things of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 3 19 sv5z figs-metonymy οἱ τὰ ἐπίγεια φρονοῦντες 1 who are thinking about earthly things Here, **earthly** refers to everything that gives physical pleasure and does not honor God. Alternate translation: “All they think about is what will please themselves rather than what will please God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
329 PHP 3 20 q1cc figs-exclusive 0 General Information: By Paul’s use of “our” and “we” here, he includes himself and the believers in Philippi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
330 PHP 3 20 n2lh ἡμῶν…τὸ πολίτευμα ἐν οὐρανοῖς ὑπάρχει 1 our citizenship exists in heaven This could mean: (1) We are citizens of heaven. (2) Our homeland is heaven. (3) Our true home is heaven.
331 PHP 3 21 eye2 ὃς μετασχηματίσει τὸ σῶμα τῆς ταπεινώσεως ἡμῶν 1 who will transform our lowly body “who will change our weak, earthly body”