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@ -1592,7 +1592,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
14:29 pzwz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בִּ⁠שְׁעָרֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 Here, the word **gates** represents the border of a town or city. Anyone who was inside the gates was part of the community. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “within your community”
14:29 xrwf rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְמַ֤עַן 1 Here, **so that** marks what follows as the goal or purpose of what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
14:29 zfp5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche יָדְ⁠ךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעֲשֶֽׂה 1 Moses is using **hand** to represent the whole person in the act of working. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that you yourself do”
15:intro n3mh 0 # Deuteronomy 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\nThis chapter continues Moses’ second speech that began in chapter 4.\n\n- vv. 1-11: Rules for canceling debts every 7 years\n- vv. 12-18: Rules for fellow Israelite slaves\n- vv. 19-23: Rules for firstborn male livestock\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Israelite slaves\n\nThis chapter contains rules for owning slaves that were fellow Israelites. An Israelite might work as another Israelite’s slave to pay off debt. Instead of receiving pay, their wages would go toward their debt. The debtor would be their creditor’s property, and they could not work elsewhere. If the word “slave” would not accurately describe this practice in your culture, you could use a comparable term, such as “indentured servant” or “bondservant.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/servant]])\n\n## Other possible translation issues in this chapter\n\n### “You”\nWhen Moses refers to the Israelites, he uses both singular and plural forms of “you.” \n- vv. 1- : “You” is singular.\nUse pronouns that would be natural in your language for referring to a group of people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
15:intro n3mh 0 # Deuteronomy 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\nThis chapter continues Moses’ second speech that began in chapter 4.\n\n- vv. 1-11: Rules for canceling debts every 7 years\n- vv. 12-18: Rules for fellow Israelite slaves\n- vv. 19-23: Rules for firstborn male livestock\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Israelite slaves\n\nThis chapter contains rules for owning slaves that were fellow Israelites. An Israelite might work as another Israelite’s slave to pay off debt. Instead of receiving pay, their wages would go toward their debt. The debtor would be their creditor’s property, and they could not work elsewhere. If the word “slave” would not accurately describe this practice in your culture, you could use a comparable term, such as “indentured servant” or “bondservant.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/servant]])\n\n## Other possible translation issues in this chapter\n\r\n### “You”\r\n\r\nWhen Moses is addressing the Israelites, he uses the singular forms of “you.” If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
15:1 cd6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠קֵּ֥ץ שֶֽׁבַע־שָׁנִ֖ים 1 The implication is that the Israelites must obey this command once every seven years. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Every seventh year”
15:1 dqgm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה 1 See [book introduction](../front/intro.md) for more information about translating **shall**. Alternate translation: “make”
15:1 ym2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה שְׁמִטָּֽה 1 The implication is that the **remission** is a **remission** of debts. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “you shall declare that loans do not need to be paid back”
@ -1693,7 +1693,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
15:22 lxt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כַּ⁠צְּבִ֖י 1 See how you translated this in [12:15](../12/15.md).
15:23 xsv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast רַ֥ק 1 Moses uses the word **Only** here to indicate a strong contrast between which parts of the animals that the Israelites could and could not eat. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Except”
15:23 bw7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־דָּמ֖⁠וֹ לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֑ל עַל־הָ⁠אָ֥רֶץ תִּשְׁפְּכֶ֖⁠נּוּ כַּ⁠מָּֽיִם 1 See how you translated this in [12:16](../12/16.md).
16:intro fgs7 0 # Deuteronomy 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n### Outline\n- vv. 1-8: Instructions for the Festival of the Passover\n- vv. 9-12: Instructions for the Festival of the Harvest\n- vv. 13-17: Instructions for the Feast of Huts\n- vv. 18-22: Adminstration of Justice\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Feasts\n\nThis chapter gives instructions for the feasts that Yahweh commanded the Israelites to celebrate. The Passover feast represents the time when the Israelites escaped from Egypt. There are several other important festivals described in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])\n\n## Other Potential Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### “You”\n\nWhen Moses is addressing the Israelites, he uses the singular forms of “you” in this chapter. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])\n\n### “The Place Yahweh your God will choose”\n\nMoses refers to the future place where the temple will be built as “the place Yahweh your God will choose for his name to dwell there” or “the place Yahweh your God will choose it.” These phrases emphasize that Yahweh decides how and where the Israelites must worship him. The wording of these phrases might be unnatural in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “the place Yahweh your God will set his name” or “the place Yahweh your God will choose”\n(See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]])
16:intro fgs7 0 # Deuteronomy 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n### Outline\n- vv. 1-8: Instructions for the Festival of the Passover\n- vv. 9-12: Instructions for the Festival of the Harvest\n- vv. 13-17: Instructions for the Feast of Huts\n- vv. 18-22: Adminstration of Justice\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Feasts\n\nThis chapter gives instructions for the feasts that Yahweh commanded the Israelites to celebrate. The Passover feast represents the time when the Israelites escaped from Egypt. There are several other important festivals described in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])\n\n## Other Potential Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### “You”\n\nWhen Moses is addressing the Israelites, he uses the singular forms of “you.” If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])\n\n### “The Place Yahweh your God will choose”\n\nMoses refers to the future place where the temple will be built as “the place Yahweh your God will choose for his name to dwell there” or “the place Yahweh your God will choose it.” These phrases emphasize that Yahweh decides how and where the Israelites must worship him. The wording of these phrases might be unnatural in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “the place Yahweh your God will set his name” or “the place Yahweh your God will choose”\n(See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]])
16:1 byqt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שָׁמוֹר֙ 1 The implication is that the Israelites must **keep** “the month of Aviv” by celebrating the Festival of the Passover during that month. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Celebrate”
16:1 q8mq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths אֶת־חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָ⁠אָבִ֔יב 1 **Aviv** is the first month of the Hebrew calendar and inhcludes parts of March and April on Western calendars. You could convert the Hebrew day and month into an approximate date on the calendar that your culture uses. However, the Jews used a lunar calendar, so if you use a solar calendar, the date will be different every year and the translation will not be entirely accurate. So you may just want to give the number of the day and the name of the month on the Hebrew calendar, and say in a footnote approximately what time of year that is on your calendar.
16:1 tjfz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְ⁠עָשִׂ֣יתָ 1 For more information about translating “shall,” see the [book introduction](../front/intro.md).
@ -1770,7 +1770,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
17:intro a3z4 0 # Deuteronomy 17 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n### Outline\n- v. 1: More instructions for animals for sacrifice\n- vv. 2-7: Punishments for people who worship idols\n- vv. 8-13: Instructions for difficult legal cases\n- vv. 14-20: Instructions for kings\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Witnesses\n\nIn the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])\n\n### King\n\nIsrael was not to have a king because Yahweh was their king. Knowing the sinfulness of the people, Yahweh anticipated that one day Israel would have a king. Therefore, this passage gives commands about their king prophetically. They were not allowed to collect chariots because they were a sign of earthly power and the king was to trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### “You”\n\nWhen Moses is addressing the Israelites, he uses the singular forms of, “you” and “your.” If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])\n\n### Generic nouns used in hypothetical conditions\n\nVerses 2-13 give examples of sins that an Israelite might commit when they live the land and instructions for deciding what should happen. In these hypothetical conditions, singular nouns like “man,” “woman,” and “judge” represent those groups of people in general, not a specific man or woman whom Moses is predicting will commit a sin. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that these terms refer to any person who fulfills the hypothetical situation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
17:1 a78k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun שׁ֣וֹר וָ⁠שֶׂ֗ה 1 Here, **ox** and **sheep** represent those animals in general, not one specific ox or sheep. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any ox or any sheep”
17:1 lym4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֧י 1 The word translated as **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “because”
17:1 fem5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הֽוּא 1 The pronoun **it** refers to a sacrifice that has a blemish. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “a blemished sacrifice”
17:1 fem5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הֽוּא 1 The pronoun **it** refers to a sacrifice that has a blemish. If this is not clear for your readers, you could repeat the phrase from earlier in the verse. Alternate translation: “a blemished sacrifice”
17:2 uan2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical כִּֽי 1 Here, **If** introduces a hypothetical situation that continues to [verse 7](../17/07.md) and instructions for the Israelites if the situation occurs. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “In the case that”
17:2 ljz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִמָּצֵ֤א 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “there is anyone”
17:2 liy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בְּ⁠אַחַ֣ד שְׁעָרֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 Here, **gates** represents the border of a town or city. Anyone who was inside the gates was part of the community. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “in any of your communities”
@ -1787,6 +1787,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
17:4 tk7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠דָּבָ֔ר 1 Here, **the matter** refers to the act of an Israelite worshipping an idol. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “idol worship”
17:5 jezm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְ⁠הֽוֹצֵאתָ֣ 1 See [book introduction](../front/intro.md) for more information about translating **shall**.
17:5 xblp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical וְ⁠הֽוֹצֵאתָ֣ 1 This verse gives instructions for what the Israelites should do if the hypothetical situation introduced in [verses 2-4](../17/07.md) occurs. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “then, in that case, you must bring”
17:5 vjvg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go וְ⁠הֽוֹצֵאתָ֣ 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “take” instead of **bring**. Alternate translation: “then you shall take”
17:5 z7q2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo אֶת־הָ⁠אִ֣ישׁ הַ⁠ה֡וּא אוֹ֩ אֶת־הָ⁠אִשָּׁ֨ה הַ⁠הִ֜וא אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָ֠שׂוּ אֶת־הַ⁠דָּבָ֨ר הָ⁠רָ֤ע הַ⁠זֶּה֙ אֶל־שְׁעָרֶ֔י⁠ךָ אֶת־הָ⁠אִ֕ישׁ א֖וֹ אֶת־הָ⁠אִשָּׁ֑ה 1 The expression **that man or that woman who has done this evil thing to your gates, the man or the woman** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “that man or that woman who has done this evil thing to your gates”
17:5 jmqv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַ⁠דָּבָ֨ר הָ⁠רָ֤ע הַ⁠זֶּה֙ 1 Here, **this evil thing** refers to the act of an Israelite worshipping an idol. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “this evil of idol worship”
17:5 mstv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche אֶל־שְׁעָרֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 Here, **gates** represents the border of a town or city. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “outside of the border of your town”
@ -1851,27 +1852,28 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
17:20 iebn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מֵֽ⁠אֶחָ֔י⁠ו 1 Here, **brothers** means “fellow Israelites.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “above his fellow Israelites”
17:20 idm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠לְ⁠בִלְתִּ֛י ס֥וּר מִן־הַ⁠מִּצְוָ֖ה יָמִ֣ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹ֑אול 1 Here, **turn aside** means to disobey or stop following. Moses is speaking of Yahweh’s commandments as if they were a path that one could walk on and disobedience as turning **right or left** from that path. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and so that he does not disobey the commandments”
17:20 sa87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַאֲרִ֨יךְ יָמִ֧ים עַל־מַמְלַכְתּ֛⁠וֹ 1 If the king obeys Yahweh, then he will **prolong** the **days** that he rules over **his kingdom**. Moses is speaking of time as if it were something over which man could exercise control, to prolong it. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “he will reign in his kingdom for a long time”\n
18:intro u6pf 0 # Deuteronomy 18 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n### Outline\n- vv. 1-8: What the priests receive for their service\n- vv. 9-13: Warnings against pagan practices\n- vv. 14-22: Yahweh promises to send a prophet\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Levites\n\nAs Yahweh’s chosen priests, the priest were to trust in Yahweh to provide for them. He provided for them through the rest of the Israelites. Yahweh was their inheritance. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])\n\n### Messiah\n\nThis chapter is one of the first prophecies about the promised, coming Messiah. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])\n\n## Other Potential Translation Difficulties in This Chapter\n\n### You\n\n### Generic Nouns in Hypothetical Situations\nVerses 6-10 and 20-22 give instructions and warnings for the Israelits. In these hypothetical conditions, singular nouns like “Levite,” “maker,” and “propjet” represent those groups of people in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that these terms refer to any person who fulfills the hypothetical situation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
18:intro u6pf 0 # Deuteronomy 18 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n### Outline\n- vv. 1-8: What the priests receive for their service\n- vv. 9-13: Warnings against pagan practices\n- vv. 14-22: Yahweh promises to send a prophet\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Levites\n\nAs Yahweh’s chosen priests, the priest were to trust in Yahweh to provide for them. He provided for them through the rest of the Israelites. Yahweh was their inheritance. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])\n\n### Messiah\n\nThis chapter is one of the first prophecies about the promised, coming Messiah. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])\n\n## Other Potential Translation Difficulties in This Chapter\n\n### You\nWhen Moses is referring to all the Israelites, he uses the singular forms of “you” and “your.” If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])\n\n### Generic Nouns in Hypothetical Situations\nVerses 6-10 and 20-22 give instructions and warnings for the Israelits. In these hypothetical conditions, singular nouns like “Levite,” “maker,” and “propjet” represent those groups of people in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that these terms refer to any person who fulfills the hypothetical situation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
18:1-2 jc3d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism לֹֽא־יִ֠הְיֶה לַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֨ים הַ⁠לְוִיִּ֜ם כָּל־שֵׁ֧בֶט לֵוִ֛י חֵ֥לֶק וְ⁠נַחֲלָ֖ה עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אִשֵּׁ֧י יְהוָ֛ה וְ⁠נַחֲלָת֖⁠וֹ יֹאכֵלֽוּ⁠ן & וְ⁠נַחֲלָ֥ה לֹא־יִֽהְיֶה־לּ֖⁠וֹ בְּ⁠קֶ֣רֶב אֶחָ֑י⁠ו יְהוָה֙ ה֣וּא נַחֲלָת֔⁠וֹ כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּר־לֽ⁠וֹ 1 These two verses begin with clauses that basically mean the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could rearrange the clauses in the verses to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “The priests, the Levites, all the tribe of Levi, shall have no portion nor inheritance with Israel; they shall eat the fire offerings of Yahweh as their inheritance. Yahweh is their inheritance, as he spoke to them”
18:1 itle rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹֽא־יִ֠הְיֶה לַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֨ים הַ⁠לְוִיִּ֜ם כָּל־שֵׁ֧בֶט לֵוִ֛י חֵ֥לֶק וְ⁠נַחֲלָ֖ה עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 The implication is that the Levites will not receive any **portion** or **inheritance** of land so that they cannot grow or raise their own food. See [Numbers 18:20](Num/18/20.md) for more information. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “All the tribe of Levi will not own a portion of land”
18:1 gjsk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish לַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֨ים הַ⁠לְוִיִּ֜ם כָּל־שֵׁ֧בֶט לֵוִ֛י 1 All **priests** come from **the tribe of Levi** and are therefore **Levites**. This does not mean that the Levites and priests are separate groups of people. Additionally, not all **Levites** of **the tribe of Levi** are **priests**. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “People from the tribe of Levi who serve as priests, and the rest of the Levites”
18:1 ebhj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 Here, **Israel** represents all the people of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the rest of the Israelites”
18:1 upwn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אִשֵּׁ֧י יְהוָ֛ה 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe a **gift** that Israelites would offer to **Yahweh**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression for describing an offering. Alternate translation: “the food that the other Israelites give in sacrifice to Yahweh”
18:2 h6ef rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶחָ֑י⁠ו 1 Here, **brother** means “fellow Israelite,” specifically the other 11 tribes of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “text”
18:2 pd8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְהוָה֙ ה֣וּא נַחֲלָת֔⁠וֹ 1 Moses speaks of the honor of serving Yahweh as if the priests were receiving Yahweh himself as an **inheritance**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “instead, their inheritance is the privilege of serving Yahweh”
18:2 h6ef rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶחָ֑י⁠ו 1 Here, **brother** means “fellow Israelite,” specifically the other 11 tribes of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “their fellow Israelites”
18:2 pd8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְהוָה֙ ה֣וּא נַחֲלָת֔⁠וֹ 1 Moses speaks of the honor of serving **Yahweh** as if the priests were receiving **Yahweh** himself as an **inheritance**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “instead, their inheritance is the privilege of serving Yahweh”
18:2 wgks rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דִּבֶּר 1 Here, **spoke** means “promised.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he promised”
18:3 rydf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִשְׁפַּ֨ט הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֜ים 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe an **ordinance** that benefits **the priests**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable way to describe rules for priests. Alternate translation: “the provision for the priests”
18:3 q1wb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish מֵ⁠אֵ֣ת הָ⁠עָ֗ם מֵ⁠אֵ֛ת זֹבְחֵ֥י הַ⁠זֶּ֖בַח 1 Here, **the people** and **those who offer a sacrifice** are the same group of people. This does not mean “the other people who will give a sacrifice” which would imply that **the people** do not offer sacrifices. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “from the sacrifices that the people offer”
18:3 xju0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠זֶּ֖בַח אִם־שׁ֣וֹר אִם־שֶׂ֑ה וְ⁠נָתַן֙ לַ⁠כֹּהֵ֔ן הַ⁠זְּרֹ֥עַ וְ⁠הַ⁠לְּחָיַ֖יִם וְ⁠הַ⁠קֵּבָֽה 1 [Leviticus 1-16](Lev/01/01.md) describes the different types of offerings and which parts the Israelites must give to the Levites. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “a sacrifice that Yahweh commanded you to eat, whether an oxen or sheep: and they shall give the shoulder and the two cheeks and the innards to the priest and eat the rest”
18:3 bn85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הַ⁠קֵּבָֽה 1 The **innards** are the stomach and intestines of the animal. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and the internal organs”
18:4 lixq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown גֵּ֥ז 1 A **fleece** is the hair from a sheep. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of hair, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the hair of”
18:4 g5u8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לּֽ⁠וֹ 1 The pronoun **him** refers to any of the Levites. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “to one of the Levites”
18:4 g5u8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לּֽ⁠וֹ 1 The pronoun **him** refers to any of the Levites. If this is not clear for your readers, you could state the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “to one of the Levites”
18:5 m2oz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is because”
18:5 py8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ב֗⁠וֹ 1 The pronoun **him** refers to Levi and all his descendants. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “Levi”
18:5 g5j5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠שֵׁם־יְהוָ֛ה 1 Here, **name** represents all of Yahweh: his power, presence, knowledge, and so on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh himself”\n
18:5 myxm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠בָנָ֖י⁠ו 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and his descendants”
18:5 bmfw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כָּל־הַ⁠יָּמִֽים 1 Here, **all of the days** is an idiom that means “forever.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “forever”
18:6 ojea rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical וְ⁠כִֽי 1 Moses is describing a hypothetical situation in order to tell the Israelites what they should do if it takes place. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “In the case that”
18:6 k2zj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo אֲשֶׁר־ה֖וּא גָּ֣ר שָׁ֑ם 1 The expression **where he is living there** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “where he is living”
18:6 we5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠כָל־אַוַּ֣ת נַפְשׁ֔⁠וֹ 1 Here, **soul** represents a whole person, including their inner being, will, and desires. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he indeed desires”
18:7 p9jv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּ⁠שֵׁ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑י⁠ו 1 Here, **name** represents all of Yahweh: his power, presence, knowledge, and so on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh himself”
18:7 qyru rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶחָי⁠ו֙ 1 Here, **brother** means “fellow tribesman.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his fellow tribesmen”
@ -1930,7 +1932,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
18:22 ys2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠זָדוֹן֙ דִּבְּר֣⁠וֹ 1 The implication is that the false prophet did not speak in the name of Yahweh. He spoke **arrogantly** by presuming to know what Yahweh wants. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “has spoken it message without my authority”
18:22 nweh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹ֥א תָג֖וּר מִמֶּֽ⁠נּוּ 1 The implication is that the Israelites should not **be afraid** of that prophet and not respect that prophet. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “you shall not take him seriously”
19:intro r53s 0 # Deuteronomy 19 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n### Outline\n- vv. 1-13: Cities of refuge\n- v. 14: Property lines\n- vv. 15-21: Rules against bearing false witness\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Witnesses\n\nIn the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])\n\n### Cities of Refuge\n\nVerses 1-13 discuss cities of refuge, which are towns to which a killer could flee. These verses address both cases where the killer accidentally kills another person, and cases where the killer plans the murder. In those times, a close family member of the deceased would be obligated to take revenge for the killing of his family member by finding and killing the manslayer. Yahweh provides protection for the killer who killed accidentally so that he will not be punished too harshly.\n(See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/refuge]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Law of retaliation\n\nThe chapter describes a famous law, often called the “law of retaliation.” It is said, an “eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.” This does not mean a person who causes another person to lose their eye must have their own eye removed as punishment. This law is not about making all things equal. Instead, it is about limiting the punishment or the ability of a person to retaliate. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n### Generic Nouns in Hypothetical Situations\nThis chapter gives instructions and warnings for the Israelites. In these hypothetical conditions, singular nouns like “man,” “witness,” and “neighbor” represent those groups of people in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that these terms refer to any person who fulfills the hypothetical situation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
19:1 av28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַכְרִ֞ית יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ 1 Here, **cuts off** means destroy or exterminate. Yahweh destroying the people who live in Canaan is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree.
19:1 av28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַכְרִ֞ית יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ 1 Here, **cuts off** means destroy or exterminate. Yahweh destroying the people who live in Canaan is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: "Yahweh your God eliminates"
19:1 jh1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶת־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֔ם 1 Here, **the nations** represents the people groups who live in those nations. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “those people groups”
19:1 ahp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֶת־אַרְצָ֑⁠ם 1 The pronoun **their** refers to the people of the “nations.” If this is not clear for your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the territory of those nations”
19:2 eteu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תַּבְדִּ֣יל 1 See [book introduction](../front/intro.md) for more information about translating **shall**.
@ -1944,21 +1946,21 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
19:4 vaca rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בִּ⁠בְלִי־דַ֔עַת 1 Here **without knowledge** means “unintentionally.” Moses is speaking of knowledge as if it were the same thing as intention. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “unintentionally”
19:4 uvu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠ה֛וּא לֹא־שֹׂנֵ֥א ל֖⁠וֹ מִ⁠תְּמֹ֥ל שִׁלְשֹֽׁם 1 The implication is that the killer had no reason to kill and did not plan the murder. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and he did not hate him previously before and did not plan to kill him”
19:4 traa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo מִ⁠תְּמֹ֥ל שִׁלְשֹֽׁם 1 The expression **from previous times** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “previously”
19:5 qb1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo וַ⁠אֲשֶׁר֩ 1 Moses is introducing an example of an accidental murder to help the Israelites understand the commands about the cities of refuge. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “for example, who”
19:5 qb1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo וַ⁠אֲשֶׁר֩ 1 Moses is introducing an example of an accidental murder to help the Israelites understand the commands about the cities of refuge. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “and for example, who”
19:5 pvag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶת־רֵעֵ֥⁠הוּ & אֶת־רֵעֵ֖⁠הוּ 1 Here, **neighbor** means “fellow Israelite.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with his fellow Israelite … his fellow Israelite”
19:5 n0x8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַ⁠בַּרְזֶל֙ 1 Here, **the iron** represents the metal part of the ax, which is the sharp part. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the blade of the ax”
19:5 kjm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ⁠נָשַׁ֤ל הַ⁠בַּרְזֶל֙ מִן־הָ⁠עֵ֔ץ וּ⁠מָצָ֥א אֶת־רֵעֵ֖⁠הוּ 1 Here, Moses speaks of **the iron** part of the ax as if it were a person who could find a person. He means that the metal part of the ax hits and cuts the **neighbor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the iron detaches from the wood and hits his neighbor”
19:5 kjm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ⁠נָשַׁ֤ל הַ⁠בַּרְזֶל֙ מִן־הָ⁠עֵ֔ץ וּ⁠מָצָ֥א אֶת־רֵעֵ֖⁠הוּ 1 Here, Moses speaks of **the iron** part of the ax as if it were a person who could find something. He means that the metal part of the ax hits and cuts the **neighbor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the iron detaches from the wood and hits his neighbor”
19:5 lvr0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וָ⁠מֵ֑ת ה֗וּא 1 The pronoun **he** refers to the “neighbor.” If this is not clear for your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and his neighbor dies”
19:5 wlkf rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָנ֛וּס 1 The pronoun **he** refers to the “killer.” If this is not clear for your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the killer shall flee”
19:5 l3mr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וָ⁠חָֽי 1 The implication is that the family members of the dead person would try to kill the manslayer, so the people of those **cities** would protect the killer so that he can **live**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and the avenger would not be able to kill him there”
19:5 l3mr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וָ⁠חָֽי 1 The implication is that the family members of the dead person would try to kill the manslayer in revenge. The people of those **cities** would protect the killer so that he can **live**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and the avenger would not be able to kill him there”
19:6 mr4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo פֶּן 1 Moses is using the word **lest** to introduce a hypothetical condition as a warning for a negative consequence. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “In case”
19:6 y8e5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִרְדֹּף֩ גֹּאֵ֨ל הַ⁠דָּ֜ם אַחֲרֵ֣י הָ⁠רֹצֵ֗חַ כִּי־יֵחַם֮ לְבָב⁠וֹ֒ וְ⁠הִשִּׂיג֛⁠וֹ כִּֽי־יִרְבֶּ֥ה הַ⁠דֶּ֖רֶךְ 1 The implication is that, if there are no roads to the cities of refuge, it will be difficult for a killer to travel to a safe city. Then, the avenger of blood might overtake the killer before the killer arrives at the city. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers, as modeled by the UST.
19:6 y8e5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִרְדֹּף֩ גֹּאֵ֨ל הַ⁠דָּ֜ם אַחֲרֵ֣י הָ⁠רֹצֵ֗חַ כִּי־יֵחַם֮ לְבָב⁠וֹ֒ וְ⁠הִשִּׂיג֛⁠וֹ כִּֽי־יִרְבֶּ֥ה הַ⁠דֶּ֖רֶךְ 1 The implication is that, if there are no roads to the cities of refuge, it will be difficult for a manslayer to travel to a safe city. Then, the avenger of blood might overtake the killer before the killer arrives at the city. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers, as modeled by the UST.
19:6 qzap rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לְבָב⁠וֹ֒ & וְ⁠הִכָּ֣ה⁠וּ 1 The pronouns **his** and **he** refer to “the avenger of blood.” If this is not clear for your readers, you could repeat the phrase. Alternate translation: “the heart of the avenger … and the avenger strikes him”
19:6 dpt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יֵחַם֮ לְבָב⁠וֹ֒ 1 Here, **heart** refers to a person’s inner being and emotions. In this case, the desire is to fear Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his emotions are heated”\n
19:6 dpt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יֵחַם֮ לְבָב⁠וֹ֒ 1 Here, **heart** refers to a person’s inner being and emotions. In this case, the desire is to fear Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his emotions intensify”\n
19:6 p7ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֵחַם֮ 1 Here, **heated** means “become angry.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “has become angry”
19:6 nbgp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הִכָּ֣ה⁠וּ נָ֑פֶשׁ 1 The implication is that the avenger of blood murdered the killer. He harmed the killer to the point of taking his **life**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and he kills him”
19:6 nbgp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הִכָּ֣ה⁠וּ נָ֑פֶשׁ 1 The implication is that the avenger of blood murders the killer. He harmed the killer to the point of taking his **life**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and he kills him”
19:6 ytbp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הִכָּ֣ה⁠וּ 1 Here, **strike** means “injure” or “harm.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he injures him”
19:6 z4dg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠ל⁠וֹ֙ אֵ֣ין מִשְׁפַּט־מָ֔וֶת כִּ֠י לֹ֣א שֹׂנֵ֥א ה֛וּא ל֖⁠וֹ מִ⁠תְּמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם 1 The implication is that a killer who killed accidentally does not deserve execution. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “though that man did not deserve to die since he accidentally killed the other person and was not his enemy, and he had not planned to hurt the man”
19:6 z4dg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠ל⁠וֹ֙ אֵ֣ין מִשְׁפַּט־מָ֔וֶת כִּ֠י לֹ֣א שֹׂנֵ֥א ה֛וּא ל֖⁠וֹ מִ⁠תְּמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם 1 The implication is that a killer who killed accidentally does not deserve execution. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “though that man did not deserve to die since he unintentionally killed the other person and was not his enemy, and he had not planned to hurt the man”
19:7 raqo rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language.
19:7 t157 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes מְצַוְּ⁠ךָ֖ לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר שָׁלֹ֥שׁ עָרִ֖ים תַּבְדִּ֥יל לָֽ⁠ךְ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “command you to select three cities for yourself”
19:7 vrq0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo שָׁלֹ֥שׁ עָרִ֖ים תַּבְדִּ֥יל לָֽ⁠ךְ 1 The expression **Select three cities for yourself** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “Select three cities”
@ -1985,7 +1987,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
19:12 y76n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠שָֽׁלְחוּ֙ זִקְנֵ֣י עִיר֔⁠וֹ 1 Moses is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “then the elders of his city shall send a representative out”
19:12 v4zd rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עִיר֔⁠וֹ & אֹת֖⁠וֹ & אֹת֗⁠וֹ & וָ⁠מֵֽת 1 The pronouns **him**, **he**, and **his** refer to the killer. If this is not clear for your readers, you could repeat the noun from earlier in the verse. Alternate translation: “the killer’s city … the killer … him … then the killer shall die”
19:12 dvxf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠שָּׁ֑ם 1 Here, **there** refers to the city of refuge that the killer fled to. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “from the city of refuge”
19:12 wm9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠נָתְנ֣וּ אֹת֗⁠וֹ בְּ⁠יַ֛ד גֹּאֵ֥ל הַ⁠דָּ֖ם 1 Here, **hand** represents control. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and hand him over to the redeemer of blood”
19:12 wm9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠נָתְנ֣וּ אֹת֗⁠וֹ בְּ⁠יַ֛ד גֹּאֵ֥ל הַ⁠דָּ֖ם 1 Here, **hand** represents control. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and allow the redeemer of blood to do what he wants with him”
19:12 s6si rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וָ⁠מֵֽת 1 The implication is that “the redeemer of blood” will execute the killer. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “then the redeemer of blood shall execute him”
19:13 nzj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לֹא־תָח֥וֹס עֵֽינְ⁠ךָ֖ עָלָ֑י⁠ו 1 Here, **Your eye shall not pity him** is an idiom that means “do not feel sorry for him.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not let your heart soften towards him” or “Do not have compassion on him”
19:13 bf7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דַֽם 1 Here, **blood** represents the responsibility for a wrongful killing such as murder. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the guilt of murdering”
@ -2003,7 +2005,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
19:15 b9c6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יָק֥וּם דָּבָֽר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “may a judge hear a case”
19:16-17 xylb rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical כִּֽי־יָק֥וּם עֵד־חָמָ֖ס בְּ⁠אִ֑ישׁ לַ⁠עֲנ֥וֹת בּ֖⁠וֹ סָרָֽה & וְ⁠עָמְד֧וּ שְׁנֵֽי־הָ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־לָ⁠הֶ֥ם הָ⁠רִ֖יב 1 Moses is describing a hypothetical situation in order to tell the Israelites what they should do if it takes place. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “In the case that a false witness rises up against a man to testify falsehood against him, then the two men that have the controversy must stand”
19:16 ece2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֵד־חָמָ֖ס 1 The implication is that the **witness** is **false** because he is accusing someone of a sin that did not happen. The **false witness** is attempting to harm that person. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “a false witness wants to cause trouble for someone and”
19:16 zqg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יָק֥וּם & בְּ⁠אִ֑ישׁ 1 Here, **rise up against** is an idiom that means “bring up a case against.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “bring a case against a man”
19:16 zqg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יָק֥וּם & בְּ⁠אִ֑ישׁ 1 Here, **rise up against** is an idiom that means “bring up a case against.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “bring a legal case against a man”
19:16 eg4n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit סָרָֽה 1 The implication is that “false witness” testifies a **falsehood** that the accused man committed a sin that deserves a punishment of death. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “a false sin”
19:17 l9ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שְׁנֵֽי־הָ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־לָ⁠הֶ֥ם הָ⁠רִ֖יב 1 The implication is that the **two men** disagree about whether the accused man sinned or not. Thus, **the controversy** is about what really happened. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the accuser and the accused who disagree about what happened”
19:17 d8nf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠עָמְד֧וּ שְׁנֵֽי־הָ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־לָ⁠הֶ֥ם הָ⁠רִ֖יב 1 Here, **stand** means “present the case to the court and listen to their decision.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “then the two men that have the controversy shall bring their case”
@ -2022,15 +2024,18 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
19:20 lv0h כַּ⁠דָּבָ֥ר הָ⁠רָ֛ע הַ⁠זֶּ֖ה 1 Alternate translation: “such an evil thing as this”
19:21 z5fm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠לֹ֥א תָח֖וֹס עֵינֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here, **your eye shall not pity him** is an idiom that means “do not feel sorry for him.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And do not let your heart soften towards him” or “And do not have compassion on him”
19:21 nz4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נֶ֣פֶשׁ בְּ⁠נֶ֗פֶשׁ עַ֤יִן בְּ⁠עַ֨יִן֙ שֵׁ֣ן בְּ⁠שֵׁ֔ן יָ֥ד בְּ⁠יָ֖ד רֶ֥גֶל בְּ⁠רָֽגֶל 1 The implication is that the punishment for a sin must be as severe as the harm that the sinner caused. For example, if someone takes *a life** through murder, then they must lose their **life** through execution. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “someone who takes a life must lose their life, someone who gouges out an eye must lose their eye, someone who knocks out a tooth must lose a tooth, someone who cuts off a hand must lose a hand, and someone who cuts off a foot must lose a foot”
20:intro qq8m 0 # Deuteronomy 20 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s protection\nIsrael was not to worry about the power and strength of other nations. Instead, they were to trust in the power of Yahweh. He is the source of their military strength and protection. This is why a priest leads them into battle, rather than a military commander. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])\n\n### Holy war\n\nIsrael’s conquering of the Promised Land was unique in history. It was a type of holy war and had special rules. This war was really Yahweh’s punishment against the sin of the Canaanite people. If the people were not completely destroyed, they would cause Israel to sin. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### “What man is there”\nThis phrase is used several times to introduce a rhetorical question. The questions are intended to tell the readers that Yahweh only wants soldiers who are completely dedicated to fighting for him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Excused from fighting\n\nIn ancient Israel, men were excused from fighting in battle for several different reasons. Some of these reasons are mentioned in this chapter. Apparently, needing to establish a new house, the need to harvest a field and cowardice were possible excuses. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20:1 x89z 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
20:1 ei7a When you march out to battle against your enemies 0 Alternate translation: “When you go out to fight in a war against your enemies”
20:1 r5j1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit see horses, chariots 0 People considered an army with many horses and chariots to be very strong. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
20:1 ta4q he who brought you up out of the land of Egypt 0 Yahweh brought the people from Egypt to Canaan. It was common to use the word “up” to refer to traveling from Egypt to Canaan. Alternate translation: “Yahweh who led you out from the land of Egypt”
20:2 a8vr 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
20:2 qi76 speak to the people 0 Alternate translation: “speak to the soldiers of Israel”
20:3 fy5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Do not let your hearts faint. Do not fear or tremble. Do not be afraid of them 0 These four expressions all mean the same thing and strongly emphasize that they are not to be afraid. If your language does not have four ways to express this concept, you may use less than four.
20:3 e17d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Do not let your hearts faint 0 Here “hearts” represents people’s courage. For a heart to faint is an idiom that means “Do not be afraid.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:intro qq8m 0 # Deuteronomy 20 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n### Outline\n- vv. 1-20: Instructions for going to war.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s protection\nIsrael was not to worry about the power and strength of other nations. Instead, they were to trust in the power of Yahweh. He is the source of their military strength and protection. This is why a priest leads them into battle, rather than a military commander. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])\n\n### Holy war\n\nIsrael’s conquering of the Promised Land was unique in history. It was a type of holy war and had special rules. This war was really Yahweh’s punishment against the sin of the Canaanite people. If the people were not completely destroyed, they would cause Israel to sin. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### “What man is there”\nThis phrase is used several times to introduce a rhetorical question. The questions are intended to tell the readers that Yahweh only wants soldiers who are completely dedicated to fighting for him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n##### Excused from fighting\r\n\r\nIn ancient Israel, men were excused from fighting in battle for several different reasons. Some of these reasons are mentioned in this chapter. Apparently, needing to establish a new house, the need to harvest a field and cowardice were possible excuses. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\r\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n
20:1 r5j1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְֽ⁠רָאִ֜יתָ ס֤וּס וָ⁠רֶ֨כֶב֙ 1 The implication is that an army with **horses and chariots** was a very strong army, so anyone who was fighting that army would be afraid. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and see a strong army with horses and chariots”\n
20:1 e1bw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַ֚ם 1 Here, **people** represents the army of that people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a people whose army is”
20:1 raez rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מֵ⁠הֶ֑ם 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the army of the people group. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “their army”
20:1 ta4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַ⁠מַּֽעַלְ⁠ךָ֖ מֵ⁠אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם 1 Here Moses is speaking of Yahweh bringing the Israelites out of Egypt as if Yahweh were raising the people up. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who brought you from the land of Egypt”
20:2 i3vl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וְ⁠הָיָ֕ה 1 Moses is using the word translated **And it will be** to introduce a commandment. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a command. Alternate translation: “And it must be”
20:2 chhe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְ⁠נִגַּ֥שׁ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן 1 For more information about translating **shall**, see [book introduction](../front/intro.md).
20:2 qi76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הָ⁠עָֽם 1 Here, **the people** represents the army of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the fighting men”
20:3 oqo2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 Here, **Israel** represents the fighting men of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “soldiers of Israel”
20:3 fy5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אַל־יֵרַ֣ךְ לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֗ם אַל־תִּֽירְא֧וּ וְ⁠אַֽל־תַּחְפְּז֛וּ וְ⁠אַל־תַּֽעַרְצ֖וּ מִ⁠פְּנֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 These phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “You shall not soften your hearts. Indeed, you shall not fear or panic or be terrified of them”
20:3 i1rl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אַל־יֵרַ֣ךְ לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֗ם 1 Here, **soften your hearts** is an idiom that means “be afraid.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You shall not be afraid”
20:4 gx63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֚י 1 The word translated as **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “for the reason that”
20:4 mdt8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh your God is the one who is going with you to fight for you against your enemies 0 Yahweh defeating the enemies of the people of Israel is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who would fight along with the people of Israel.
20:4 fvb1 to save you 0 Alternate translation: “to give you victory”
20:5 dxx2 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses says what the army officers must say to the people of Israel before a battle.

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