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en_tn_02-EXO.tsv
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@ -37,14 +37,12 @@ LEV 2 1 tf2u סֹ֖לֶת 1 fine flour Here, **flour** refers to a powder made
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LEV 2 2 v2q7 וְקָמַ֨ץ מִשָּׁ֜ם מְלֹ֣א קֻמְצ֗וֹ 1 and take out from it his handful A **handful** is the amount that a person can hold in the palm of their hand. Alternate translation: “and take out what he can hold in his hand”
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LEV 2 2 e7ss אֶת־ אַזְכָּרָתָהּ֙ 1 its memorial portion The **memorial portion** of the grain offering represents the whole grain offering. This means the whole offering belongs to Yahweh.
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LEV 2 2 bh7g figs-metaphor רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָֽה 1 a sweet aroma to Yahweh **Yahweh** being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offered the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the **aroma** of the sacrifice. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 1:9](../01/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 2 4 a5pn 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people and priests must do so their offerings will be acceptable to him.
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LEV 2 4 bmg7 figs-activepassive מַאֲפֵ֣ה תַנּ֑וּר 1 that is baked in an oven If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that you baked in an oven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 2 4 rvs7 translate-unknown תַנּ֑וּר 1 oven This **oven** was probably a hollow object made of clay. A fire was lit under the oven, and the heat would bake the dough inside of the oven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 2 4 lrk7 figs-ellipsis סֹ֣לֶת 1 soft bread of fine flour It is understood that the soft bread contained no yeast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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LEV 2 4 ae7y figs-explicit מְשֻׁחִ֥ים בַּשָּֽׁמֶן 1 spread with oil Translate this phrase to indicate that the **oil** is to be spread onto the bread. Alternate translation: “with oil on the bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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LEV 2 5 t6jn figs-activepassive וְאִם־ מִנְחָ֥ה עַל־ הַֽמַּחֲבַ֖ת קָרְבָּנֶ֑ךָ 1 And if your offering is a grain offering made on the griddle If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If you bake your grain offering in a flat iron pan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 2 5 qg9n translate-unknown הַֽמַּחֲבַ֖ת 1 the griddle This **griddle** was a thick plate made of either clay or metal. The plate was placed over a fire, and the dough cooked on top of the plate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 2 6 sc9u 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do so their offerings will be acceptable to him.
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LEV 2 6 bq8a פָּת֤וֹת אֹתָהּ֙ 1 You are to divide it Here **it** refers to the grain offering cooked on a griddle.
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LEV 2 7 b7fj figs-activepassive וְאִם־ מִנְחַ֥ת מַרְחֶ֖שֶׁת קָרְבָּנֶ֑ךָ 1 And if your offering is a grain offering cooked in a pan If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If you cook your grain offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 2 7 l1pm translate-unknown מַרְחֶ֖שֶׁת 1 in a pan A **pan** is a metal plate with rounded edges. The dough was placed in the pan and cooked over a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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@ -405,108 +403,80 @@ LEV 10 18 yy2n figs-activepassive לֹא־ הוּבָ֣א אֶת־ דָּמָ֔
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LEV 10 19 jkx5 וַתִּקְרֶ֥אנָה אֹתִ֖י כָּאֵ֑לֶּה 1 and such things as these have happened to me Aaron is referring to the death of his two sons.
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LEV 10 19 yzv9 figs-rquestion וְאָכַ֤לְתִּי חַטָּאת֙ הַיּ֔וֹם הַיִּיטַ֖ב בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 If I had eaten the sin offering today, would it have been pleasing in the eyes of Yahweh? These sacrifices were to be eaten with joy and happiness. Aaron uses a question to emphasize that Yahweh would not be pleased for him to eat the sacrifices since he is sad because of his sons’ deaths. This question may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly, Yahweh would not have been pleased if I had eaten the sin offering today.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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LEV 11 intro i427 0 # Leviticus 11 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br><br>### Laws about food<br><br>This chapter contains a list of the animals the Israelites were not allowed to eat. Further research may be needed to determine the exact location of different parts of an animal. Many of these foods are not consumed to this day because they cause diseases, but it is unclear why the other foods are prohibited.<br><br>Eating unclean foods made a person unclean. The process of consuming these types of foods spread the uncleanliness to a person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
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LEV 11 2 sc39 1 among all the animals Alternate translation: “out of all the animals”
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LEV 11 3 m3yh 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat.
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LEV 11 3 yce6 1 split hoof This means a hoof that is split into two parts instead of being one whole.
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LEV 11 3 f7fg 1 chews the cud This means an animal that brings its food up from its stomach and chews it again.
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LEV 11 4 c9gz 1 some animals either chew the cud or have a split hoof That is, they have one or the other, but not both.
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LEV 11 4 j7ny figs-metaphor 1 the camel is unclean to you The camel being unfit for the people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 5 i1e6 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat.
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LEV 11 5 b1fc translate-unknown 1 rock badger a small animal that lives in rocky places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 5 c39c figs-metaphor 1 unclean to you These animals which God declared to be unfit for the people to eat are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 6 a11v 1 rabbit a small animal with long ears that usually lives in holes in the ground
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LEV 11 8 jw4q 1 nor touch their carcasses Alternate translation: “nor touch their dead bodies”
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LEV 11 9 udy5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat.
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LEV 11 9 j4k9 1 fins the thin, flat part that the fish uses to move through the water
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LEV 11 9 l6nh 1 scales the small plates that cover the body of the fish
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LEV 11 10 kgh4 1 all living creatures that do not have fins and scales in the ocean or rivers Alternate translation: “all creatures that live in the ocean or rivers that do not have fins and scales”
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LEV 11 10 l4qg figs-activepassive 1 they must be detested by you Yahweh commands the people to reject and despise eating these creatures. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must detest them” or “you must completely reject them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 11 11 fqk9 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat.
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LEV 11 11 y6ni figs-activepassive 1 Since they must be detested If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Since you must detest them” or “Since you must completely reject them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 11 11 lu6y figs-activepassive 1 their carcasses must be detested If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must detest their dead bodies” or “you must not touch their dead bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 11 12 mag2 figs-activepassive 1 is detestable to you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must detest” or “you must completely reject” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 11 13 swz2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat.
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LEV 11 13 gs9h translate-unknown 1 vulture These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on rodents and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 14 x7r3 translate-unknown 1 kite … falcon These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on rodents and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 15 mm47 translate-unknown 1 raven These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on rodents and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 16 da3r translate-unknown 1 horned owl … screech owl … seagull … hawk These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on rodents and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 17 w5sp 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat.
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LEV 11 17 i5zy translate-unknown 1 little owl … great owl … the cormorant These are birds that eat rodents and insects and are awake mainly at night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 17 kh6g 1 the great owl Alternate translation: “the large owl”
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LEV 11 18 thz2 translate-unknown 1 white owl … barn owl … osprey These are birds that eat rodents and insects and are awake mainly at night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 19 tq7q 1 stork … heron These are birds that feed on rodents and lizards.
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LEV 11 19 v489 translate-unknown 1 hoopoe These are birds that eat rodents and insects and are awake mainly at night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 19 gzj5 1 bat Although not a bird, the bat is included in this list because it has wings and flies. It has a furry body and is awake mainly at night. It eats insects and rodents.
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LEV 11 20 x6ih 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat.
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LEV 11 2 sc39 מִכָּל־ הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה 1 among all the animals Alternate translation: “from any of the animals”
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LEV 11 3 yce6 מַפְרֶ֣סֶת פַּרְסָ֗ה 1 one that divides the hoof This means the **hoof** is split into two parts instead of being one whole.
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LEV 11 3 f7fg מַעֲלַ֥ת גֵּרָ֖ה 1 one that chews the cud This means an animal that brings its food up from its stomach and **chews** it again.
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LEV 11 4 c9gz מִֽמַּעֲלֵי֙ הַגֵּרָ֔ה וּמִמַּפְרִיסֵ֖י הַפַּרְסָ֑ה 1 among those that chew the cud or among those that divide the hoof That is, they match one condition or the other, but not both.
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LEV 11 4 j7ny figs-metaphor אֶֽת־ הַ֠גָּמָל…טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם 1 the camel … it is unclean to you The **camel** being unfit for the people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically **unclean**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 5 b1fc translate-unknown הַשָּׁפָ֗ן 1 the rock badger A **rock badger** is a small animal that lives in rocky places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 5 c39c figs-metaphor טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם 1 it is unclean to you The rock badger, which God declared to be unfit for the people to eat, is spoken of as if it were physically **unclean**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 6 a11v הָאַרְנֶ֗בֶת 1 the rabbit A **rabbit** is a small animal with long ears that eats plants and usually lives in holes in the ground.
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LEV 11 8 jw4q וּבְנִבְלָתָ֖ם לֹ֣א תִגָּ֑עוּ 1 and you must not touch their carcasses Alternate translation: “and you must not touch their dead bodies”
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LEV 11 9 j4k9 סְנַפִּ֨יר 1 fins The **fins** are the thin, flat parts that the fish uses to move through the water.
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LEV 11 9 l6nh וְקַשְׂקֶ֜שֶׂת 1 and scales The **scales** are the small, bony plates that cover the body of the fish.
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LEV 11 13 gs9h translate-unknown הַפֶּ֔רֶס 1 the vulture A **vulture** is a bird that feeds on dead animals and on rodents and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 14 x7r3 translate-unknown הַ֨דָּאָ֔ה…הָאַיָּ֖ה 1 the kite … the falcon A **kite** and **falcon** are birds that are either awake at night or feed on rodents and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 15 mm47 translate-unknown עֹרֵ֖ב 1 raven A **raven** is a bird that feeds on rodents and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 16 da3r translate-unknown הַֽיַּעֲנָ֔ה…הַתַּחְמָ֖ס…הַשָּׁ֑חַף…הַנֵּ֖ץ 1 the ostrich … the owl … the seagull … the hawk These are birds that feed on rodents and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 17 i5zy translate-unknown הַכּ֥וֹס…הַשָּׁלָ֖ךְ…הַיַּנְשֽׁוּף 1 the little owl … the cormorant … the great owl These are birds that eat rodents and insects. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 18 thz2 translate-unknown הַתִּנְשֶׁ֥מֶת…הַקָּאָ֖ת…הָרָחָֽם 1 the white owl … the pelican … the osprey These are birds that eat fish, rodents, and insects and are awake mainly at night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 19 tq7q הַחֲסִידָ֔ה…הָאֲנָפָ֖ה 1 the stork … the heron The **stork** and **heron** are birds that feed on rodents and lizards.
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LEV 11 19 v489 translate-unknown הַדּוּכִיפַ֖ת 1 the hoopoe The **hoopoe** is a bird that eats rodents and insects and is awake mainly at night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 19 gzj5 הָעֲטַלֵּֽף 1 the bat Although not a bird, the **bat** is included in this list because it has wings and flies. It has a furry body and is awake mainly at night. It eats insects and rodents.
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LEV 11 20 ad7v figs-abstractnouns שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם 1 All winged insects that walk on four legs are detestable to you If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **detestable**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you will hate it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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LEV 11 20 a5q6 figs-idiom 1 insects that walk on four legs Here the phrase “four legs” is an idiom that means to crawl on the ground and sets these insects apart from other flying things, such as birds, that have only two feet. Alternate translation: “insects that crawl on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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LEV 11 22 dqs7 translate-unknown 1 locust, katydid, cricket, or grasshopper These are small insects that eat plants and can jump. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 23 uc98 1 flying insects that have four feet Alternate translation: “flying insects that have four legs”
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LEV 11 24 mn49 0 General Information: Yahweh begins to tell Moses and Aaron which animals the people are to consider unclean.
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LEV 11 24 le7c figs-activepassive 1 You will become unclean until evening by these animals if you touch a carcass of one of them If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The dead bodies of these animals will make you unclean if you touch any of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 11 24 brn3 figs-metaphor 1 You will become unclean A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes because he has touched one of these dead animals is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 24 n92t 1 these animals This refers to the animals he is about to list in the following verses.
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LEV 11 26 c4ed 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron which animals the people are to consider unclean.
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LEV 11 26 a8h8 figs-metaphor 1 Every animal … is unclean to you These animals that God declared to be unfit for the people to eat are spoken of as if they were physically dirty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 26 ul4d 1 split hoof This means a hoof that is split into two parts instead of being one whole. See how you translated these in [Leviticus 11:3](../11/03.md).
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LEV 11 26 akk4 1 chew the cud This means an animal that brings its food up from its stomach and chews it again. See how you translated these in [Leviticus 11:3](../11/03.md).
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LEV 11 26 y9xh figs-metaphor 1 Everyone who touches them will be unclean A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes because he has touched one of these animals is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 27 te6j 1 paws animal feet with claws
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LEV 11 27 u5eg 1 until the evening Alternate translation: “until sunset”
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LEV 11 29 q7zy 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron which animals the people are to consider unclean.
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LEV 11 29 em5c figs-metaphor 1 these are the animals that will be unclean to you These animals that God declared to be unfit for people to touch or eat are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 29 d6ln translate-unknown 1 weasel a small animal with brown fur that eats birds and small animals (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 29 k1av translate-unknown 1 large lizard These are different kinds of reptiles with four legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 30 qr8n translate-unknown 1 the gecko, the monitor lizard, the lizard, the skink, and the chameleon These are different kinds of reptiles with four legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 30 iqq6 1 skink Alternate translation: “sand lizard”
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LEV 11 31 iax2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron which animals the people are to consider unclean.
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LEV 11 31 e482 figs-metaphor 1 these are the animals which will be unclean to you These animals that God declared to be unfit for people to touch or eat are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 31 l2sr figs-metaphor 1 Whoever touches them … will be unclean A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes because he has touched one of these dead animals is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 31 enp4 1 until evening Alternate translation: “until sunset”
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LEV 11 32 b5he figs-metaphor 1 that thing will be unclean Something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch because one of these dead animals has fallen on it is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. It is spoken of as physically clean after it has been washed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 32 sxi2 figs-metaphor 1 Then it will be clean Something that God has declared to be fit for people to touch after it has been washed is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 32 u25t figs-activepassive 1 whatever it is used for, it must be put into water If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “however you use it, you must put it into water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 11 34 uwh4 figs-metaphor 1 unclean Food becomes unacceptable for the people to eat because unclean water has fallen on it is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 35 tpt7 1 carcasses dead bodies
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LEV 11 35 dg8w figs-activepassive 1 must be broken to pieces If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must break it to pieces” or “You must shatter it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 11 36 a715 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron which animals the people are to consider unclean.
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LEV 11 36 fcx9 figs-metaphor 1 A spring or cistern … remains clean Water that the people are permitted to drink from a spring or cistern is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 36 w98a figs-metaphor 1 carcass The dead body of an animal that God has declared to be unfit for the people to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 36 n5nn figs-metaphor 1 unclean A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes because he has touched the carcass of one of these animals is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 37 t32e 1 seeds for planting Alternate translation: “seeds that you intend to plant”
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LEV 11 37 u7nr figs-metaphor 1 those seeds will still be clean Seeds that God has permitted the people to plant are spoken of as if they are physically clean, and those that he has not permitted are spoken of as if they were unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 38 zl8u figs-metaphor 1 they will be unclean Seeds that God has permitted the people to plant are spoken of as if they are physically clean, and those that he has not permitted are spoken of as if they were unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 38 as1j figs-activepassive 1 But if water is put on the seeds If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But if you put water on the seeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 11 39 bm8t figs-metaphor 1 he who touches the carcass will be unclean until evening A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes because he touches the body of a dead animal is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 39 nbv2 1 until evening Alternate translation: “until sunset”
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LEV 11 41 hdn4 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron which animals the people are to consider unclean.
|
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LEV 11 41 kd84 figs-activepassive 1 it must not be eaten If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must not eat it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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||||
LEV 11 43 z93h 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron which animals the people are to consider unclean.
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LEV 11 43 fzj2 figs-parallelism 1 You must not make yourselves unclean … you should be made impure by them Yahweh repeats the same idea twice in order to strengthen the command that they are not to eat any unclean animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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LEV 11 43 hj9h figs-metaphor 1 You must not make yourselves unclean A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 43 z5xl figs-activepassive 1 that you should be made impure by them If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that you are no longer pure because of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 11 46 kcj2 0 General Information: Yahweh finishes telling Moses and Aaron what he permits the people to eat and what he forbids them to eat.
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LEV 11 47 db9j figs-activepassive 1 for which a distinction is to be made between If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for which you must distinguish between” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 11 47 x81a figs-metaphor 1 between the unclean and the clean Animals that God declared to be unfit for the people to touch or eat are spoken of as if they were physically unclean, and those which he declared to be acceptable for the people to touch and eat are spoken of as if they were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 47 e7h6 figs-activepassive 1 that may be eaten … that may not be eaten If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that you may eat … that you may not eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 12 intro p2iu 0 # Leviticus 12 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Menstruation<br><br>A woman was considered to be unclean after she began to bleed from her womb every month and after having a baby. This was because all blood was considered to be unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]])
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LEV 12 2 wr5g figs-metaphor 1 she will be unclean A woman whom other people must not touch because she is bleeding from her womb is spoken of as if she were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 12 2 tuc3 figs-euphemism 1 during the days of her monthly period This refers to the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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LEV 12 3 rcr8 figs-activepassive 1 the flesh of a baby boy’s foreskin must be circumcised Only the priest could perform this action. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a priest must circumcise the baby boy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 12 4 d17l 1 the mother’s purification from her bleeding will continue for thirty-three days This means that the mother will remain impure for thirty-three days.
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LEV 12 5 esy2 figs-metaphor 1 she will be unclean for two weeks A woman whom other people must not touch because she is bleeding from her womb is spoken of as if she were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 12 5 y9x6 1 for two weeks Alternate translation: “for 14 days”
|
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LEV 12 5 z4ub figs-euphemism 1 during her period This refers to the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 12:2](../12/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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LEV 12 5 k936 1 sixty-six days Alternate translation: “66 days”
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LEV 12 6 yy8n 1 When the days of her purification are finished Alternate translation: “When the days of the mother’s purification are finished”
|
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LEV 12 6 cz1p 1 for a son or for a daughter This refers to the different number of days for purification based on if she gave birth to a son or daughter.
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LEV 12 7 w9ty figs-activepassive 1 she will be cleansed from the flow of her blood If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this will cleanse her from her bleeding occurring during childbirth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 12 8 vh6a figs-explicit 1 If she is not able to afford a lamb Translate this so it clarifies the woman’s inability to purchase a sacrificial animal. Alternate translation: “If she does not have enough money to buy a lamb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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LEV 12 8 q6q1 figs-metaphor 1 then she will be clean A woman whom other people may touch is spoken of as if she were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 20 a5q6 figs-idiom כֹּ֚ל שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ עַל־ אַרְבַּ֑ע 1 Every flying insect that walks on all fours Here the phrase **all fours** is an idiom that means to crawl on the ground on four legs. This sets these insects apart from other flying things, such as birds, that have only two feet. Alternate translation: “Every four-legged flying insect that crawls on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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LEV 11 22 dqs7 translate-unknown אֶת־ הָֽאַרְבֶּ֣ה…הַסָּלְעָ֖ם…הַחַרְגֹּ֣ל…הֶחָגָ֖ב 1 the locust … the bald locust … the cricket … the grasshopper These are small insects that eat plants and can jump. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 24 n92t וּלְאֵ֖לֶּה 1 and by these Here, **these** refers to the animals he is about to list in the following verses.
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LEV 11 24 brn3 figs-metaphor תִּטַּמָּ֑אוּ 1 you will make yourself unclean A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes because he has touched one of these dead animals is spoken of as if the person were physically **unclean**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 26 a8h8 figs-metaphor לְֽכָל־ הַבְּהֵמָ֡ה…טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם 1 As for every animal … they are unclean to you These animals that God declared to be unfit for the people to eat are spoken of as if they were physically **unclean**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 26 ul4d וְשֶׁ֣סַע׀ אֵינֶ֣נָּה שֹׁסַ֗עַת 1 but is not one that splits the cleft hoof This refers to a **hoof** that is completely split into two parts instead of being one whole. See how you translated these in [Leviticus 11:3](../11/03.md).
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LEV 11 26 akk4 וְגֵרָה֙ אֵינֶ֣נָּה מַעֲלָ֔ה 1 or is not one that chews the cud An animal **chews the cud** if it brings its food up from its stomach and chews it again. See how you translated these in [Leviticus 11:3](../11/03.md).
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LEV 11 26 y9xh figs-metaphor כָּל־ הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּהֶ֖ם יִטְמָֽא 1 Any one who touches them will be unclean A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes because he has touched one of these animals is spoken of as if he were physically **unclean**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 27 te6j כַּפָּ֗יו 1 its paws The **paws** of an animal refer to feet with claws.
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LEV 11 27 u5eg עַד־ הָעָֽרֶב 1 until the evening Alternate translation: “until sunset”
|
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LEV 11 29 em5c figs-metaphor וְזֶ֤ה לָכֶם֙ הַטָּמֵ֔א 1 And these are unclean to you God speaks of the animals that he declares are unfit for people to touch or eat as if they were physically **unclean**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 29 d6ln translate-unknown הַחֹ֥לֶד 1 the weasel A **weasel** is a small animal with brown fur that eats birds and small animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 29 k1av translate-unknown וְהַצָּ֥ב לְמִינֵֽהוּ 1 and the large lizard of any kind This refers to different kinds of reptiles with four legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 30 qr8n translate-unknown וְהָאֲנָקָ֥ה וְהַכֹּ֖חַ וְהַלְּטָאָ֑ה וְהַחֹ֖מֶט וְהַתִּנְשָֽׁמֶת 1 and the gecko, and the monitor lizard, and the lizard, and the skink, and the chameleon These are different kinds of reptiles with four legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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LEV 11 30 iqq6 וְהַחֹ֖מֶט 1 the skink Alternate translation: “the sand lizard”
|
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LEV 11 31 e482 figs-metaphor אֵ֛לֶּה הַטְּמֵאִ֥ים לָכֶ֖ם 1 These are unclean to you These animals that God declared to be unfit for people to touch or eat are spoken of as if they were physically **unclean**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 31 l2sr figs-metaphor כָּל־ הַנֹּגֵ֧עַ בָּהֶ֛ם בְּמֹתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א 1 Any one who touches them when they are dead will be unclean A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes because he has touched one of these dead animals is spoken of as if he were physically **unclean**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 31 enp4 עַד־ הָעָֽרֶב 1 until the evening Alternate translation: “until sunset”
|
||||
LEV 11 32 b5he figs-metaphor וְכֹ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־ יִפֹּל־ עָלָיו֩ מֵהֶ֨ם׀ בְּמֹתָ֜ם יִטְמָ֗א 1 And anything which upon one of them falls when they are dead will be unclean Something that God has declared to be unfit for people to touch because one of these dead animals has fallen on it is spoken of as if it were physically **unclean**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 32 u25t figs-activepassive בַּמַּ֧יִם יוּבָ֛א 1 must be put in water If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must put it into water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 11 32 sxi2 figs-metaphor וְטָהֵֽר 1 Then it will be clean Something that God has declared to be fit for people to touch after it has been washed is spoken of as if it were physically **clean**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 34 uwh4 figs-metaphor יִטְמָ֑א…יִטְמָֽא 1 is unclean … is unclean Food becomes unacceptable for the people to eat because unclean water has fallen on it is spoken of as if it were physically **unclean**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 35 tpt7 מִנִּבְלָתָ֥ם 1 something from one of their carcasses Alternate translation: “a part of one of their dead bodies”
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LEV 11 35 dg8w figs-activepassive יֻתָּ֖ץ 1 must be broken to pieces If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must break to pieces” or “you must shatter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 11 36 fcx9 figs-metaphor מַעְיָ֥ן וּב֛וֹר…יִהְיֶ֣ה טָה֑וֹר 1 a spring or cistern … will be clean Water that the people are permitted to drink from **a spring or cistern** is spoken of as if it were physically **clean**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 36 w98a בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם 1 their carcass Alternate translation: “their dead bodies”
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LEV 11 36 n5nn figs-metaphor יִטְמָֽא 1 is unclean A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes because he has touched the carcass of one of these animals is spoken of as if he were physically **unclean**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 37 t32e כָּל־ זֶ֥רַע זֵר֖וּעַ 1 any seed for planting Alternate translation: “any seeds that you intend to plant”
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LEV 11 37 u7nr figs-metaphor טָה֖וֹר הֽוּא 1 it is clean Seeds that God has permitted the people to plant are spoken of as if they are physically **clean**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 38 as1j figs-activepassive וְכִ֤י יֻתַּן־ מַ֨יִם֙ עַל־ זֶ֔רַע 1 And if water is put on seed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But if you put water on the seeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 11 38 zl8u figs-metaphor טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם 1 it is unclean to you Seeds that God has not permitted to plant are spoken of as if they were **unclean**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 39 bm8t figs-metaphor הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖הּ יִטְמָ֥א 1 the one who touches the carcass will be unclean A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes because he **touches** the body of a dead animal is spoken of as if he were physically **unclean**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 39 nbv2 עַד־ הָעָֽרֶב 1 until the evening Alternate translation: “until sunset”
|
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LEV 11 41 kd84 figs-activepassive שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לֹ֥א יֵאָכֵֽל 1 it is detestable and must not be eaten If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it is detestable and you must not eat it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 11 43 fzj2 figs-parallelism אַל־ תְּשַׁקְּצוּ֙ אֶת־ נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם…וְלֹ֤א תִֽטַּמְּאוּ֙ 1 You must not make yourselves detestable … And you must not make yourselves unclean Yahweh repeats the same idea twice in order to strengthen the command that they are not to eat any unclean animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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LEV 11 43 hj9h figs-metaphor וְלֹ֤א תִֽטַּמְּאוּ֙ 1 And you must not make yourselves unclean A person who is unacceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if he were physically **unclean**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 47 x81a figs-metaphor בֵּ֥ין הַטָּמֵ֖א וּבֵ֣ין הַטָּהֹ֑ר 1 between the unclean and the clean Animals that God declared to be unfit for the people to touch or eat are spoken of as if they were physically **unclean**, and those which he declared to be acceptable for the people to touch and eat are spoken of as if they were physically **clean**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 11 47 e7h6 figs-activepassive הַֽנֶּאֱכֶ֔לֶת…אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֥א תֵאָכֵֽל 1 that may be eaten … that may not be eaten If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that you may eat … that you may not eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 12 intro p2iu 0 # Leviticus 12 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Menstruation\n\nA woman was considered to be unclean after she began to bleed from her womb every month and after having a baby. This was because all blood was considered to be unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]])
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LEV 12 2 wr5g figs-metaphor אִשָּׁה֙ כִּ֣י תַזְרִ֔יעַ וְיָלְדָ֖ה זָכָ֑ר וְטָֽמְאָה֙ 1 If a woman bears seed and gives birth to a male child, then she will be unclean A woman whom other people must not touch because she is bleeding from her womb is spoken of as if she were physically **unclean**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 12 2 tuc3 figs-euphemism כִּימֵ֛י נִדַּ֥ת דְּוֺתָ֖הּ 1 as at the time of the bleeding of her menstruation This refers to the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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LEV 12 3 rcr8 figs-activepassive יִמּ֖וֹל בְּשַׂ֥ר עָרְלָתֽוֹ 1 the flesh of his foreskin must be circumcised Only the priest could perform this action. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a priest must circumcise the baby boy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 12 4 d17l וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים יוֹם֙ וּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֔ים תֵּשֵׁ֖ב בִּדְמֵ֣י טָהֳרָ֑ה 1 And 30 days and 3 days she will stay in the blood of her purification This means that the mother will remain impure for 33 days.
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LEV 12 5 esy2 figs-metaphor וְטָמְאָ֥ה שְׁבֻעַ֖יִם 1 then she will be unclean for two weeks A woman whom other people must not touch because she is bleeding from her womb is spoken of as if she were physically **unclean**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 12 5 z4ub figs-euphemism כְּנִדָּתָ֑הּ 1 as with her menstruation This refers to the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 12:2](../12/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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LEV 12 6 yy8n וּבִמְלֹ֣את׀ יְמֵ֣י טָהֳרָ֗הּ 1 And when the days of her purification are completed Alternate translation: “And when the days of the mother’s purification are finished”
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LEV 12 6 cz1p לְבֵן֮ א֣וֹ לְבַת֒ 1 for a son or for a daughter This refers to the different number of days for purification based on if she gave birth to a **son** or a **daughter**.
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LEV 12 7 w9ty figs-activepassive וְטָהֲרָ֖ה מִמְּקֹ֣ר דָּמֶ֑יהָ 1 And she will be cleansed from the flow of her blood If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And this will cleanse her from her bleeding occurring during childbirth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 12 8 vh6a figs-explicit וְאִם־ לֹ֨א תִמְצָ֣א יָדָהּ֮ דֵּ֣י שֶׂה֒ 1 And if her hand does not find enough for a lamb Translate this so it clarifies the woman’s inability to purchase a sacrificial animal. Alternate translation: “If she does not have enough money to buy a lamb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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LEV 12 8 q6q1 figs-metaphor וְטָהֵֽרָה 1 Then she will be clean A woman whom other people may touch is spoken of as if she were physically **clean**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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LEV 13 intro fn27 0 # Leviticus 13 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Skin disease<br><br>This chapter addresses the ways a priest was to decide if a person had a skin disease, which would make a person unclean. This was important because these diseases could have easily spread among the people in the ancient Near East. This is also true concerning things growing on clothing or things that touch a person’s skin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
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LEV 13 2 gy4s figs-activepassive 1 then he must be brought If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then someone must bring him” or “then he must go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 13 2 ukq4 1 to one of his sons Alternate translation: “to one of Aaron’s sons”
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LEV 13 3 f8i6 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do.
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LEV 13 3 xqd3 1 skin of his body Here “his” refers to the person with the skin disease.
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LEV 13 3 e37q 1 infectious disease a sickness that can spread easily from one person to another
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LEV 13 3 k3cb figs-metaphor 1 he must pronounce him unclean The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “the priest must pronounce the man unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -522,7 +492,6 @@ LEV 13 9 f447 figs-activepassive 1 he must be brought to the priest The priests
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LEV 13 10 y3fz 1 if there is raw flesh in the swelling Here “raw flesh” could refer to open sores on the skin or it could refer to new skin that has grown, but the area around it is still diseased. Either one indicates that the skin disease is not healing properly.
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LEV 13 11 l2em 1 chronic skin disease This is a disease that continues or reoccurs over a long period of time.
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LEV 13 11 w1up figs-metaphor 1 the priest must pronounce him unclean … he is already unclean The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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LEV 13 12 qi5y 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease.
|
||||
LEV 13 13 fw71 figs-metaphor 1 the priest must pronounce the person … he is clean The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean and the man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 13 14 jl2x figs-metaphor 1 But if … he will be unclean The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean and the man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 13 15 nz1y figs-metaphor 1 The priest must … pronounce him unclean because the raw flesh is unclean The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -530,45 +499,32 @@ LEV 13 15 kj82 1 pronounce him unclean Here “him” refers to the person wit
|
|||
LEV 13 15 uk5q 1 raw flesh See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:10](../13/10.md).
|
||||
LEV 13 15 c219 1 infectious disease See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:3](../13/03.md).
|
||||
LEV 13 17 q53z figs-metaphor 1 the priest will pronounce that person to be clean The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 13 18 i6jz 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease.
|
||||
LEV 13 18 kw5i 1 a boil a painful area on the skin that is infected
|
||||
LEV 13 19 gc9j figs-activepassive 1 then it must be shown to the priest If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then he must show it to the priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 13 20 c8ux figs-metaphor 1 the priest must pronounce him unclean The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 13 21 zwt9 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease.
|
||||
LEV 13 21 k5ud 1 examines it Here “it” refers to the white swelling or bright spot on the skin.
|
||||
LEV 13 22 k8b8 figs-metaphor 1 the priest must pronounce him unclean The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 13 23 cfg4 figs-metaphor 1 the priest must pronounce him clean The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 13 24 z9iw 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease.
|
||||
LEV 13 25 nx6x 1 infectious disease See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:3](../13/03.md).
|
||||
LEV 13 25 a7iw figs-metaphor 1 the priest must pronounce him unclean The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 13 26 zm3m 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease.
|
||||
LEV 13 26 a2pm 1 examines it Here “it” refers to the burn on the person’s skin.
|
||||
LEV 13 27 a6sa figs-metaphor 1 the priest must pronounce him unclean The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 13 27 jw1d 1 infectious disease See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:3](../13/03.md).
|
||||
LEV 13 28 rye3 figs-metaphor 1 the priest must pronounce him clean The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 13 29 n2w7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease.
|
||||
LEV 13 30 ks4d figs-metaphor 1 the priest must pronounce him unclean The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 13 31 da8p 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease.
|
||||
LEV 13 32 qhf8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease.
|
||||
LEV 13 33 li6b figs-activepassive 1 then he must be shaved, but the diseased area must not be shaved If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person must shave the hair near the sore but not the hair on the sore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 13 34 rgq1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease.”
|
||||
LEV 13 34 rr4u 1 the disease Here “the disease” refers to the disease on the person’s head or chin.
|
||||
LEV 13 34 c5dp figs-metaphor 1 the priest must pronounce him clean … he will be clean The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 13 35 h8cg 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease.
|
||||
LEV 13 35 xt5g figs-metaphor 1 after the priest said he was clean The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 13 36 p6fx figs-metaphor 1 The person is unclean The man whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 13 37 grx5 figs-metaphor 1 He is clean … him clean The man whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 13 38 q6l2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease.
|
||||
LEV 13 39 c13i 1 a dull white Alternate translation: “a faded white”
|
||||
LEV 13 39 v8r7 1 rash See how you translated this word in [Leviticus 13:6](../13/06.md).
|
||||
LEV 13 39 e8v5 figs-gendernotations 1 He is clean Here “He” refers to both men and women in general. Alternate translation: “That person is clean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
|
||||
LEV 13 39 gbm1 figs-metaphor 1 He is clean The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 13 40 x5du 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease.
|
||||
LEV 13 40 b37h figs-metaphor 1 he is clean The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 13 42 f51i 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease.
|
||||
LEV 13 42 vwu4 1 infectious disease See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:3](../13/03.md).
|
||||
LEV 13 44 i6x8 figs-metaphor 1 he is unclean … pronounce him unclean The person whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 13 45 fh19 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease.
|
||||
LEV 13 45 m4ek figs-metaphor 1 Unclean, unclean The person whom other people must not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 13 46 zw43 1 outside the camp The camp is the area where the majority of Israelites lived. The unclean person was not permitted to live among them because his disease may spread to others.
|
||||
LEV 13 47 yjv7 1 A garment that is contaminated with mildew Alternate translation: “A garment that has mildew on it” or “A garment that mildews”
|
||||
|
|
@ -600,13 +556,11 @@ LEV 14 intro u79h 0 # Leviticus 14 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and form
|
|||
LEV 14 1 gi74 0 General Information: Yahweh tells Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease.
|
||||
LEV 14 2 mv99 1 the day of his cleansing This refers to the day on which the priest declares the person to be ritually clean.
|
||||
LEV 14 2 d521 figs-activepassive 1 He must be brought to the priest If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone must bring him to the priest” or “He must go to the priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 14 3 rr1c 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease.
|
||||
LEV 14 3 b7wz 1 infectious skin disease See how you translated these words in [Leviticus 13:3](../13/03.md).
|
||||
LEV 14 4 slt9 figs-activepassive 1 the one to be cleansed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person he is cleansing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 14 4 t9pk figs-metaphor 1 clean birds Birds that God allowed the people to eat and offer as sacrifices are spoken of as if they were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 14 4 gdc5 1 scarlet yarn Alternate translation: “red yarn”
|
||||
LEV 14 4 ws3c translate-unknown 1 hyssop an herb with a pleasant smell that was used for medicine (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
LEV 14 6 v794 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease.
|
||||
LEV 14 6 aws9 figs-activepassive 1 the bird that was killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the bird that the person killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 14 7 cj5v figs-activepassive 1 the person who is to be cleansed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person he is cleansing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 14 7 m1fj figs-metaphor 1 the priest will pronounce him to be clean The person whom other people may touch and who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -627,14 +581,12 @@ LEV 14 17 c24c figs-activepassive 1 the person to be cleansed If your language
|
|||
LEV 14 18 vmy1 1 before Yahweh Alternate translation: “in Yahweh’s presence”
|
||||
LEV 14 19 hs6x figs-activepassive 1 him who is to be cleansed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person he is cleansing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 14 20 jn3n figs-metaphor 1 he will be clean The person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 14 21 n7vg 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease.
|
||||
LEV 14 21 c76j 1 cannot afford Alternate translation: “does not have enough money to buy”
|
||||
LEV 14 21 azv9 figs-activepassive 1 to be waved … for himself If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the priest will wave … for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 14 21 hwj7 translate-bvolume 1 one-tenth of an ephah One-tenth of an ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
|
||||
LEV 14 21 aj8d translate-bvolume 1 log One log is 0.31 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
|
||||
LEV 14 24 u8i7 translate-bvolume 1 log One log is 0.31 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
|
||||
LEV 14 25 g7wh figs-activepassive 1 the one who is to be cleansed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one he is cleansing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 14 26 cf5d 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone is cleansed of a skin disease.
|
||||
LEV 14 27 lk7b 1 sprinkle … some of the oil … before Yahweh There is no indication of what the priest sprinkled the oil on. Alternate translation: “sprinkle … some of the oil … in Yahweh’s presence”
|
||||
LEV 14 28 n3d5 figs-activepassive 1 the one who is to be cleansed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one he is cleansing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 14 30 hg23 1 He must offer Alternate translation: “The priest must offer”
|
||||
|
|
@ -685,7 +637,6 @@ LEV 15 8 j7ua figs-metaphor 1 someone who is clean The person whom other people
|
|||
LEV 15 8 y923 figs-metaphor 1 he will be unclean The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 15 9 vfp5 1 saddle A saddle is a leather seat that a person puts on the back of a horse in order to ride it.
|
||||
LEV 15 9 v5rf figs-metaphor 1 Any saddle … will be unclean Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to touch is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 15 10 qs6j 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do to avoid infection.
|
||||
LEV 15 10 dsi4 1 that person This refers to the person with the infected fluid.
|
||||
LEV 15 10 t3d9 figs-metaphor 1 will be unclean The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 15 10 ajr2 1 until evening Alternate translation: “until sunset”
|
||||
|
|
@ -739,7 +690,6 @@ LEV 16 6 pz6c 1 the sin offering, which will be for himself Alternate translat
|
|||
LEV 16 8 x47b 1 the scapegoat Aaron was to have someone set the goat free in the wilderness. Alternate translation: “the goat that is sent away”
|
||||
LEV 16 9 zfb1 1 on which the lot fell Alternate translation: “which the lot designated”
|
||||
LEV 16 10 w2u4 figs-activepassive 1 But the goat … must be brought alive before Yahweh If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But Aaron must bring the goat … alive before Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 16 11 ry4v 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what Aaron must do on the Day of Atonement.
|
||||
LEV 16 11 gla3 figs-explicit 1 he must kill the bull Aaron would catch the blood of the bull in a bowl so he could later sprinkle it on the atonement lid. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
LEV 16 12 qg8f 1 censer a container for fire and incense, used by the priests
|
||||
LEV 16 12 rb7j 1 sweet incense This refers to the smell and not to the taste of the incense. Alternate translation: “sweet-smelling incense”
|
||||
|
|
@ -747,7 +697,6 @@ LEV 16 14 q6jm 1 the blood of the bull This is the blood Aaron caught with a b
|
|||
LEV 16 14 an6m 1 sprinkle it with his finger He used his finger to splash the blood.
|
||||
LEV 16 14 l8cz 1 on the front of the atonement lid He put the blood on the top part of the lid. He also put it on the side of the lid that was towards him as he entered the most holy place.
|
||||
LEV 16 14 c3u7 1 before the atonement lid This could mean: (1) “below the atonement lid onto the chest” or (2) “onto the ground in front of the atonement lid.”
|
||||
LEV 16 15 y7sm 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what Aaron must do on the Day of Atonement.
|
||||
LEV 16 15 z5rn 1 He must sprinkle it on the atonement lid and then before the atonement lid Aaron sprinkled the blood in the same manner that he did with the bull’s blood. See how you translated the previous instructions in [Leviticus 16:14](../16/14.md).
|
||||
LEV 16 16 p9s9 1 He must make atonement for the holy place because of the unclean actions of the people of Israel The sins of the people of Israel made the holy place unclean.
|
||||
LEV 16 16 p2fa 1 unclean actions … rebellion … sins These words mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the people have committed all kinds of sins.
|
||||
|
|
@ -834,7 +783,6 @@ LEV 18 17 qj6b 1 to uncover her nakedness Alternate translation: “to have se
|
|||
LEV 18 19 ar8x 1 to uncover her nakedness Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with her”
|
||||
LEV 18 19 sht5 1 the time of her uncleanness This is the time every month when a woman bleeds from her womb.
|
||||
LEV 18 20 l28c 1 your neighbor’s wife Alternate translation: “any man’s wife”
|
||||
LEV 18 21 wll3 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must not do that would defile them.
|
||||
LEV 18 21 t7ie figs-idiom 1 You must not give any of your children to put them into the fire The phrase “to pass through the fire” means to burn something with fire as a sacrifice. Alternate translation: “You must not burn your children alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
LEV 18 21 v6td figs-metonymy 1 you must not profane the name of your God Here the word “profane” means to dishonor. The word “name” represents God himself. Alternate translation: “you must not dishonor your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
LEV 18 22 z5r6 figs-euphemism 1 Do not lie with This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -857,7 +805,6 @@ LEV 18 30 k2fr 1 by them Here “them” refers to the detestable customs.
|
|||
LEV 19 intro q5dy 0 # Leviticus 19 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Obeying Yahweh<br><br>Being holy meant obeying Yahweh in all matters of a person’s life. It is not limited to offering correct sacrifices. The law helped to establish righteousness in a person’s life, as well as justice in Israel. In Israel, these concepts are closely related. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
|
||||
LEV 19 3 h3qu 1 keep my Sabbaths Alternate translation: “observe my Sabbaths” or “respect my day of rest”
|
||||
LEV 19 4 h2g1 figs-metaphor 1 Do not turn to worthless idols Worshiping idols is spoken of as if it were physically turning towards them. Alternate translation: “Do not begin to worship worthless idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 19 5 y6kv 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
LEV 19 5 us48 figs-explicit לִֽרְצֹנְכֶ֖ם תִּזְבָּחֻֽהוּ 1 you must sacrifice it for your acceptance This could mean: (1) Yahweh will accept the person offering the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept you” or (2) Yahweh will accept the sacrifice from the person. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept your sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
LEV 19 6 l911 figs-activepassive 1 It must be eaten If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must eat it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 19 6 en6s figs-activepassive 1 it must be burned If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must burn it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -878,7 +825,6 @@ LEV 19 15 z3gy 1 judge your neighbor righteously Alternate translation: “jud
|
|||
LEV 19 16 w42w 1 slander untrue, hurtful messages about other people
|
||||
LEV 19 17 t7s1 figs-metaphor 1 Do not hate your brother in your heart Continually hating a person is spoken of as if it were hating a person in the heart. Alternate translation: “Do not continually hate your brother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 19 17 mu1a 1 You must honestly rebuke your neighbor Alternate translation: “You must correct a person who is sinning”
|
||||
LEV 19 19 t1rj 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
LEV 19 19 pl6r figs-activepassive 1 clothing made of two kinds of material mixed together If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “clothing that someone made from two kinds of material” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 19 20 f982 figs-euphemism 1 lies with This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||||
LEV 19 20 w5nn figs-activepassive 1 who is promised to a husband If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who is engaged to marry another man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -887,7 +833,6 @@ LEV 19 20 b33p figs-activepassive 1 must be punished If your language does not
|
|||
LEV 19 20 nfy4 figs-activepassive 1 They must not be put to death If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 19 21 ea3a 1 A man must bring his guilt offering to Yahweh to the entrance to the tent of meeting—a ram as a guilt offering Alternate translation: “A man must bring a ram as a guilt offering to Yahweh to the entrance of the tent of meeting”
|
||||
LEV 19 22 ff4r figs-activepassive 1 the sin which he has committed will be forgiven If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the sin which he has committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 19 23 xz6e 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
LEV 19 23 ge88 figs-parallelism 1 then you must regard the fruit they produce as forbidden to be eaten … It must not be eaten Yahweh repeats the prohibition in order to emphasize it and to clarify that it is in force for the first three years that the tree bears fruit. Translate this to clarify the period of time the trees must be left alone. Alternate translation: “then you must not eat the fruit of the trees for the first three years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||||
LEV 19 23 qe8e figs-activepassive 1 you must regard the fruit they produce as forbidden to be eaten If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must regard the fruit they produce as something that I have forbidden you to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 19 23 q42h figs-activepassive 1 The fruit must be forbidden to you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have forbidden the fruit to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -915,7 +860,6 @@ LEV 20 5 ehp6 figs-metaphor 1 who prostitutes himself in order to play the harl
|
|||
LEV 20 6 f771 figs-metaphor 1 so as to prostitute themselves with them This phrase compares the unfaithful people to prostitutes. Alternate translation: “by doing that, they seek advice from the spirits rather than from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 20 6 f2f2 figs-idiom 1 I will set my face against that person This idiom means he “firmly decided.” Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind that I will oppose that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
LEV 20 6 lf97 1 will set my face against Alternate translation: “will stare angrily at”
|
||||
LEV 20 8 u4um 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
LEV 20 8 s4bq figs-parallelism 1 You must keep my commands and carry them out The words “keep” and “carry out” mean basically the same thing. They are used together in order to emphasize that the people must obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||||
LEV 20 9 n5cd figs-activepassive 1 must surely be put to death If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must surely put to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 20 10 a9y7 figs-activepassive 1 certainly be put to death If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must certainly put both of them to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -970,7 +914,6 @@ LEV 21 8 aim5 1 You will set him apart Alternate translation: “You people mu
|
|||
LEV 21 8 t6iq figs-synecdoche 1 for he is the one who offers bread to your God Here “bread” represents food in general. Yahweh does not actually eat these offerings. Translate this in a way that makes it clear that Yahweh does not actually eat the food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||||
LEV 21 8 l82b figs-activepassive 1 He must be holy to you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must regard him as holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 21 9 i1i1 figs-activepassive 1 She must be burned If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must burn her to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 21 10 v3vn 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the priests must do.
|
||||
LEV 21 10 jhq7 figs-explicit 1 anointing oil This is a reference to the anointing oil used in the ceremony consecrating a new the high priest. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
LEV 21 10 i6rn figs-activepassive 1 on whose head the anointing oil has been poured, and who has been consecrated If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “on whose head they poured anointing oil and consecrated him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 21 10 bg4j figs-explicit 1 must not wear his hair loose or tear his clothes Loose hair and torn clothes were signs of mourning. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -1004,7 +947,6 @@ LEV 22 6 a8tz figs-metaphor 1 the priest … will be unclean A person who is no
|
|||
LEV 22 6 v9vm 1 until evening Alternate translation: “until sunset”
|
||||
LEV 22 7 w1dk figs-metaphor 1 he will then be clean A person who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. Alternate translation: “the priest will then be considered clean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 22 8 tve2 figs-activepassive 1 found dead or killed by wild animals If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that someone found dead or that a wild animal has killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 22 10 iqy2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what Aaron and his sons must do.
|
||||
LEV 22 12 dg4g figs-abstractnouns בִּתְרוּמַ֥ת הַקֳּדָשִׁ֖ים 1 the holy contribution offerings If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **contributions**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the holy offerings which people have contributed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
LEV 22 14 rd8r 1 he must repay the priest for it; he must add one-fifth to it This could mean: (1) that the person had to replace the food that he had eaten with the same kind of food or (2) that the person had to pay money to the priest for the food that he had eaten.
|
||||
LEV 22 14 kg3k translate-fraction 1 one-fifth This is one part out of five equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -1031,7 +973,6 @@ LEV 22 32 nc63 figs-metonymy 1 You must not profane my holy name Here the word
|
|||
LEV 22 32 dq3e figs-activepassive 1 I must be acknowledged as holy by the people of Israel If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel must acknowledge me as holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 23 intro j29n 0 # Leviticus 23 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The feasts<br><br>The people should celebrate the Sabbath, the Passover, the Feast of First Fruits, the Feast of Weeks, the Feast of Trumpets, the Day of Atonement and the Feast of Booths. These feasts were important for the religious life of Israel. They were a part of proper worship of Yahweh and the identity of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/firstfruit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]])
|
||||
LEV 23 2 v493 1 the appointed festivals for Yahweh These were festivals that the Lord had appointed times for. The people were to worship him at these festivals. Alternate translation: “the festivals for Yahweh” or “Yahweh’s festivals”
|
||||
LEV 23 3 elq1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do on special days and times.
|
||||
LEV 23 3 vk4w 1 the seventh day is a Sabbath of complete rest This is something the people must do habitually. After every six days in which they can work, they must rest on the seventh day.
|
||||
LEV 23 3 t53y figs-metonymy 1 a holy assembly The requirement that people assemble to worship God on that day is spoken of as if that day were the assembly. Alternate translation: “a holy day, when you must assemble together to worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
LEV 23 4 l6ez 1 at their appointed times Alternate translation: “at their proper times”
|
||||
|
|
@ -1043,19 +984,14 @@ LEV 23 7 z6ky 1 The first day you must set apart to gather together Alternate
|
|||
LEV 23 8 fd7s 1 will present a food offering They would present it to Yahweh by burning it on the altar.
|
||||
LEV 23 8 eif1 figs-metonymy 1 The seventh day is an assembly set apart to Yahweh The requirement that people assemble on that day is spoken of as if that day were the assembly. Being set apart to Yahweh means that when they assemble, they must worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “The seventh day is a day when you must assemble together to worship Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
LEV 23 11 l79v figs-activepassive 1 for it to be accepted If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh to accept it” or “and I will accept it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 23 12 w6id 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
LEV 23 13 js1u translate-bvolume 1 two-tenths of an ephah An ephah is 22 liters. Alternate translation: “four and a half liters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
|
||||
LEV 23 13 awi9 translate-bvolume 1 a fourth of a hin A hin is 3.7 liters. Alternate translation: “one liter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
|
||||
LEV 23 14 ueu6 1 nor roasted or fresh grain Alternate translation: “nor cooked or uncooked grain”
|
||||
LEV 23 14 ge4f 1 This will be a permanent statute throughout your people’s generations This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/17.md).
|
||||
LEV 23 15 k3t2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
LEV 23 16 aa6p translate-ordinal 1 seventh This is the ordinal for number seven. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]
|
||||
LEV 23 17 u9bc 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
LEV 23 17 wz93 figs-activepassive 1 made from two-tenths of an ephah. They must be made from fine flour and baked with yeast If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that you have made from two-tenths of an ephah of flour and then baked with yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 23 17 sd2q translate-bvolume 1 two-tenths of an ephah This is approximately 4.5 liters. Alternate translation: “four and a half liters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
|
||||
LEV 23 18 t6w3 figs-metaphor 1 producing a sweet aroma for Yahweh The Lord’s pleasure with the aroma represents his pleasure with the person who burns the offering. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will be pleased with you” or “that pleases the Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 23 19 yy3g 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
LEV 23 22 w1b8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
LEV 23 22 cza3 1 When you reap the harvest of your land, you must not completely reap the corners of your fields Alternate translation: “When you gather your crops, do not gather them all the way to the edges of your fields”
|
||||
LEV 23 24 awp8 translate-hebrewmonths בַּחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜י בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֗דֶשׁ 1 In the seventh month, on day one of the month This is the **seventh month** of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
|
||||
LEV 23 24 im9z translate-ordinal בַּחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜י 1 In the seventh month The word **seventh** is the ordinal form of “seven”. Alternate translation: “In month seven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -1064,10 +1000,8 @@ LEV 23 25 axe7 figs-activepassive 1 you must offer a sacrifice made by fire to
|
|||
LEV 23 27 b777 translate-hebrewmonths בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ֩ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֨י הַזֶּ֜ה 1 on day 10 of this seventh month This is the **seventh month** of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
|
||||
LEV 23 27 qtyo translate-ordinal לַחֹדֶשׁ֩ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֨י הַזֶּ֜ה 1 of this seventh month The word **seventh** is the ordinal form of “seven”. Alternate translation: “of month seven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||||
LEV 23 27 ei44 translate-unknown 1 the Day of Atonement On this day each year the high priest made a sacrifice to Yahweh so that Yahweh would forgive all the sins of the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Day of Sacrifice for Forgiveness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
LEV 23 28 b42e 1 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do every year.
|
||||
LEV 23 29 vh74 figs-metaphor וְנִכְרְתָ֖ה מֵֽעַמֶּֽיהָ 1 then he must be cut off from his people Being excluded is spoken of as being **cut off**. See how you translated this idea in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). Alternate translation: “then he must be cut off from his people as a branch is cut off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 23 29 yhns figs-activepassive וְנִכְרְתָ֖ה מֵֽעַמֶּֽיהָ 1 then he must be cut off from his people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then you must exclude him from his people” or “then you must separate that person from his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 23 30 pu94 1 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do every year.
|
||||
LEV 23 30 a1cb 1 on that day Alternate translation: “on the Day of Atonement”
|
||||
LEV 23 31 w1ug 1 This will be a permanent statute throughout your people’s generations This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/17.md).
|
||||
LEV 23 32 vhl2 1 a Sabbath of solemn rest This is not the same as the Sabbath they observed every week on the seventh day. This was a special Sabbath on the Day of Atonement.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1078,9 +1012,7 @@ LEV 23 34 u83n translate-hebrewmonths בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֜
|
|||
LEV 23 34 gg6x translate-ordinal לַחֹ֤דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי֙ 1 of the seventh month The word **seventh** is the ordinal form of “seven”. Alternate translation: “of month seven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||||
LEV 23 34 by89 translate-unknown 1 Festival of Shelters This is a celebration during which the people of Israel lived in temporary shelters for seven days as a way to remember the time they spent living in the wilderness after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
LEV 23 35 vp3p 0 General Information: Yahweh is giving instructions for the Festival of Shelters.
|
||||
LEV 23 37 ehy1 1 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do every year.
|
||||
LEV 23 37 ul95 1 These are the appointed festivals This refers to the festivals mentioned in 23:1-36.
|
||||
LEV 23 39 xle6 1 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do every year.
|
||||
LEV 23 39 i44i 1 Festival of Shelters This is a celebration during which the people of Israel lived in temporary shelters for seven days as a way to remember the time they spent living in the wilderness after they left Egypt. See how you translated it in [Leviticus 23:34](../23/34.md).
|
||||
LEV 23 39 s52d translate-hebrewmonths בַּחֲמִשָּׁה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֜וֹם לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י 1 on day 15 of the seventh month This is the **seventh month** of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
|
||||
LEV 23 39 fsue translate-ordinal לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י 1 of the seventh month The word **seventh** is the ordinal form of “seven”. Alternate translation: “of month seven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -1114,14 +1046,11 @@ LEV 24 11 uzp5 figs-parallelism 1 blasphemed the name of Yahweh and cursed God
|
|||
LEV 24 11 x1rf translate-names 1 Shelomith This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||||
LEV 24 11 y53u translate-names 1 Dibri This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||||
LEV 24 14 br93 translate-symaction 1 All who heard him must lay their hands on his head They were to put their hands on his head to show that he was the guilty one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||||
LEV 24 15 cqr5 1 Connecting Statement: God continues telling Moses what they must do to the man who cursed God.
|
||||
LEV 24 15 rj6p figs-metaphor 1 must carry his own guilt Suffering for sin is spoken of if a person were to carry his guilt. Alternate translation: “must suffer for his sin” or “must be punished (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
LEV 24 16 uv4b figs-activepassive 1 must surely be put to death If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people must surely put him to death” or “the people must surely kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 24 17 lq24 1 Connecting Statement: God continues telling Moses what the people must do when someone does something bad.
|
||||
LEV 24 17 mu9u figs-activepassive 1 he must certainly be put to death. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must certainly put to death anyone who kills another person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 24 18 pg7s figs-explicit 1 must pay it back How he would pay it back can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “must pay it back by giving him a live animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
LEV 24 18 x28q figs-idiom 1 life for life This is an idiom that means that one life would replace the other. Alternate translation: “one life to replace the other life” or “to replace the one that he killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
LEV 24 19 wa7i 1 Connecting Statement: God continues telling Moses what the people must do when someone does something bad.
|
||||
LEV 24 19 p3k7 figs-activepassive 1 it must be done to him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must do to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 24 20 icn4 1 fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth These phrases emphasize that a person should receive the same harm he did to someone else.
|
||||
LEV 24 20 ls9h figs-idiom 1 fracture for fracture This refers to broken bones. Alternate translation: “broken bone for broken bone” or “If he breaks someone’s bone, one of his bones must be broken” or “If he breaks someone’s bone, they will break one of his bones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -1140,7 +1069,6 @@ LEV 25 6 ixl4 1 Whatever the unworked land … who live with you may gather fo
|
|||
LEV 25 6 h8qg 1 Whatever the unworked land grows Alternate translation: “whatever grows on the unworked land”
|
||||
LEV 25 6 itc3 figs-activepassive 1 the unworked land This means that no one has taken care of the gardens or farms as they do during the other six years. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your gardens that you do not tend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 25 7 v4ie 1 whatever the land produces Alternate translation: “whatever grows on the land”
|
||||
LEV 25 8 ps12 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
LEV 25 8 g6u6 1 there will be seven Sabbaths of years Alternate translation: “they will be seven sets of seven years”
|
||||
LEV 25 9 cf78 translate-hebrewmonths בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִעִ֔י בֶּעָשׂ֖וֹר לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 on the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month This is the **seventh month** of the Hebrew calendar. The **tenth day** is near the end of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
|
||||
LEV 25 9 igkl translate-ordinal בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִעִ֔י בֶּעָשׂ֖וֹר לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 on the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month The words **seventh** and **tenth** are the ordinals of “seven” and “ten”. Alternate translation: “in month seven, on day ten of the month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -1151,7 +1079,6 @@ LEV 25 10 ua35 figs-activepassive 1 property and slaves must be returned If you
|
|||
LEV 25 11 a5fs figs-explicit 1 a Jubilee for you You can state clearly who they were returning the land to. Alternate translation: “a year for you to return the land to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
LEV 25 12 ccr2 1 You must eat the produce that grows by itself out of the fields Yahweh did not allow the land owner to organize his workers and harvest the land as he did the other six years. However, he did allow individuals to go through the fields and eat what they find.
|
||||
LEV 25 13 gq74 1 this year of Jubilee Alternate translation: “this year of restoration” or “this year to return land and free slaves”
|
||||
LEV 25 15 zp6w 0 General Information: God continues telling Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
LEV 25 15 em1q figs-activepassive 1 that can be harvested If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that you can harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 25 15 kv8f 1 the next Jubilee Alternate translation: “the next year of restoration” or “the next year to return land”
|
||||
LEV 25 18 r63d figs-parallelism 1 obey my decrees, keep my laws, and carry them out All of these phrases mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey everything Yahweh says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -1182,12 +1109,10 @@ LEV 25 33 yf5t figs-activepassive 1 the house that was sold in the city where i
|
|||
LEV 25 33 kaj1 1 the year of Jubilee Alternate translation: “the year of restoration” or “the year to return land and free slaves”
|
||||
LEV 25 33 js2l 1 their property among the people of Israel The land of Canaan was divided up among the people of Israel, but of that land, the Levites were only given 48 cities with the fields around them. Alternate translation: “their part of the land that the Israelites possessed” or “their property in the land of Israel”
|
||||
LEV 25 34 ehh8 figs-activepassive 1 But the fields around their cities may not be sold If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But the Levites must not sell the fields around their cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 25 35 e334 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
LEV 25 36 pkf5 1 Do not charge him interest Alternate translation: “Do not make him pay you back more than what you lend him”
|
||||
LEV 25 39 mgw3 1 you must not make him work like a slave The owner was to treat the Israelite with more respect than he would treat a slave.
|
||||
LEV 25 40 si62 1 Treat him as a hired servant The owner was to treat the Israelite with more respect than he would treat a slave.
|
||||
LEV 25 40 u2tl 1 the year of Jubilee Alternate translation: “the year of restoration” or “the year to return land and free slaves”
|
||||
LEV 25 42 u1v8 1 Connecting Statement: God continues telling Moses what he must tell the people.
|
||||
LEV 25 42 ucx8 1 they are my servants Alternate translation: “your fellow countrymen are my servants”
|
||||
LEV 25 42 i1ab figs-activepassive 1 They will not be sold as slaves If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not sell them as slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
LEV 25 44 wz9f 1 you may buy slaves from them Alternate translation: “you may buy slaves from those nations”
|
||||
|
|
@ -1312,7 +1237,6 @@ LEV 27 7 xmg4 translate-numbers 1 sixty … fifteen … ten Alternate translati
|
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LEV 27 7 n5vt translate-bweight 1 fifteen shekels If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “fifteen pieces of silver” or “150 grams of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
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LEV 27 7 wau8 figs-ellipsis 1 for a female ten shekels The phrases “of that age” and “your standard value must be” are left out, but are meant to be understood. Alternate translation: “for a female of that age your standard value must be ten shekels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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LEV 27 8 ucc6 figs-activepassive 1 the person being given must be presented to the priest If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. AT “he must present to the priest the person he is giving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 27 9 kbw9 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
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LEV 27 9 ax5s 1 set apart to him Alternate translation: “set apart to Yahweh”
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LEV 27 10 a66v figs-activepassive 1 both it and the one for which it is exchanged If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “both it and the one he exchanges it for” or the animals can be referred to simply as “both animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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LEV 27 11 dz9h figs-metaphor 1 is in fact unclean, so that Yahweh will not accept it If Yahweh will not accept a certain animal as an offering, the animal is spoken of as if it were physically dirty. It may be unclean because it is a certain kind of animal or because it has a defect. Alternate translation: “is in fact one that Yahweh will not accept” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -383,6 +383,7 @@ ROM 2 21 vy0h figs-rquestion 1 Here Paul transitions from his description of J
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ROM 2 21 rftq figs-infostructure οὖν 1 Here, **then** indicates that what follows is a hypothetical response to the clause “if you name yourself a Jew” in [2:17](../02/17.md). Paul wants to show that what the Jews believe and how they live are in contrast. Alternate translation: “if all this is really true, then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])
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ROM 2 21 uq9y grammar-collectivenouns ἕτερον 1 You who teach others, do you not teach yourself? Here, **other** is a singular pronoun that refers to a group of people. If your language does not use singular pronouns in that way, you can use a different expression. Alternate translation: “other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
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ROM 2 21 hl38 figs-rpronouns σεαυτὸν οὐ διδάσκεις 1 You who preach against stealing, do you steal? Paul uses the word **yourself** to emphasize how hypocritical the Jews are. Use a way that is natural in your language to express this emphasis. Alternate translation: “shouldn't you do what you teach others to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
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ROM 2 22 vb45 figs-explicit ἱεροσυλεῖς 1 You who say that one must not commit adultery, do you commit adultery? The implication is that the **temples** the Jews **rob** are where **idols** are kept and worshipped. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “do you rob temples where idols are kept” or “should you actually enter an idol temple and rob it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])*
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ROM 2 23 grr3 figs-metaphor ὃς ἐν νόμῳ καυχᾶσαι 1 You who boast in the law, do you dishonor God by breaking the law? Paul speaks figuratively of the Jews as if they were boasting inside of **the law**. He means that the Jews brag that they are the only nation who knows God’s law (See the same verb in [2:17](../02/17.md)). If your readers would not understand what it means to **boast in the law** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternative translation, “You, who brag that you are the only ones who know God’s law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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ROM 2 23 z80m figs-parallelism ἐν νόμῳ καυχᾶσαι διὰ τῆς παραβάσεως τοῦ νόμου 1 These two phrases, **boast in the law** and **the transgression of the law**, mean the opposite thing. Paul says the opposite thing, in slightly different ways, to emphasize the hypocrisy of the Jews. Use a natural way in your language to emphasize this contrast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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ROM 2 23 ob98 figs-abstractnouns διὰ τῆς παραβάσεως τοῦ νόμου 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for this idea, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **transgression** with a verbal from or another way. Alternate translation: “by breaking the law” or “by transgressing God’s law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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@ -482,10 +483,26 @@ ROM 3 7 pgus figs-abstractnouns ἁμαρτωλὸς 1 If your language does no
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ROM 3 8 kb9d figs-infostructure καὶ μὴ καθὼς βλασφημούμεθα, καὶ καθώς φασίν τινες ἡμᾶς λέγειν, ὅτι ποιήσωμεν τὰ κακὰ, ἵνα ἔλθῃ τὰ ἀγαθά? 1 as we are falsely reported to say If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “And not, ‘Let us do evil, so that good may come,’ just as we are blasphemed and just as some affirm we say?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])
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ROM 3 8 wr3g figs-ellipsis καὶ μὴ 1 Paul is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “And why not say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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ROM 3 8 g19d grammar-connect-words-phrases καθὼς…καθώς 1 Paul is using **just as** to emphasize the fact that certain people are spreading false rumors about the apostles’ teaching. Use a natural way in your language to indicate this emphasis. Alternate translation: “in the way … in the way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
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ROM 3 8 tz14 figs-exclusive βλασφημούμεθα… ἡμᾶς…ποιήσωμεν 1 And not, just as we are blasphemed and just as some affirm us to say, “Let us do evil, so that good may come”? Here, **we** and **us** exclusively speaks of Paul and his fellow apostles to the Gentiles. Your language may require you to mark these forms. Alternate translation: “some people keep blaspheming us apostles … us apostles … We apostles should do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])*
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ROM 3 8 m5xx figs-parallelism καθὼς βλασφημούμεθα, καὶ καθώς φασίν τινες ἡμᾶς λέγειν 1 These two phrases mean the same thing. Paul says the same thing twice, in slightly different ways, to show how badly these people spread rumors against the apostles. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “like some people slanderously report that we say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])*
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ROM 3 8 cn1c figs-activepassive βλασφημούμεθα 1 The judgment on them is just If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “some people keep blaspheming us” or “some people keep slandering us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])*
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ROM 3 8 h68w figs-explicit τινες 1 Paul implies that **some** could refer to: (1) Jewish unbelievers. Alternate translation: “some Jewish unbelievers” or “some Jews who reject Jesus” (2) Jewish believers. Alternate translation: “some Jewish believers who reject the Gentile inclusion in the Church” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])*
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ROM 3 8 qc9n figs-quotations ὅτι ποιήσωμεν τὰ κακὰ, ἵνα ἔλθῃ τὰ ἀγαθά 1 This is a false quotation of something rumored that Paul and the apostles say or teach. If it would be more natural in your language, you could make it an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “that we should do evil, so that good may come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])<br>*
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ROM 3 8 uocy figs-imperative ποιήσωμεν 1 Here, **Let us do** is used as an imperative that communicates an appeal rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates an appeal. Alternate translation: “We should do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])*
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ROM 3 8 ukgb figs-nominaladj τὰ κακὰ…τὰ ἀγαθά 1 Paul is using the adjectives **evil** and **good** as nouns in order to describe things or actions. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these with noun phrases. Alternate translation: “things that are evil … things that are good” or “evil things … good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])*
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ROM 3 8 r0d8 figs-abstractnouns τὰ κακὰ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **evil**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “things that are evil” or “what is bad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])<br>*
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ROM 3 8 bs94 grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 This phrase introduces a purpose clause. Paul is stating the purpose for which these Jews falsely accuse them of saying **Let us do evil**. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation (without a comma preceding): “in order that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])*
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ROM 3 8 vd6y figs-abstractnouns τὰ ἀγαθά 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **good**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “things that are good” or “what is beneficial” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])*
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ROM 3 8 o2nu writing-pronouns ὧν τὸ κρίμα ἔνδικόν ἐστιν 1 The pronoun **their* refers to the same blaspheming people as **some**. If this might confuse your readers, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “These people are justly condemned” or “These people who blaspheme are deservedly condemned” or “It is fair to judge these people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])*
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ROM 3 8 zwlg figs-abstractnouns ὧν τὸ κρίμα 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **condemnation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “When they are condemned, it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])*
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ROM 3 9 z3wu figs-rquestion τί οὖν 1 Connecting Statement: Here Paul concludes his series of rhetorical questions by using the same phrase ** What then** that he began with in [3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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ROM 3 9 ajj8 figs-exclusive προεχόμεθα 1 Here, **we** is used exclusively to speak of Paul and his fellow Jews (See [3:1,5](../03/01.md)). Your language may require you to mark these forms. Alternate translation: “Are we Jews better off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])<br>
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ROM 3 9 g85q figs-exclamations οὐ πάντως 1 Not at all **Not at all** is an exclamatory phrase that communicates a strong negative. Use an exclamation that is natural in your language for communicating this idea. Alternate translation: “Absolutely not!” or “In no way!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
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ROM 3 9 gfa3 figs-ellipsis οὐ πάντως 1 Paul is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “We are not better off at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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ROM 3 9 drcx figs-exclusive προῃτιασάμεθα 1 Here, **we** is used exclusively to speak of Paul and his fellows apostles (See [3:8](../03/08.md)). Your language may require you to mark these forms. Alternate translation: “we apostles have already accused” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])*
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ROM 3 9 fia9 grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 What then? Are we excusing ourselves? Here, **For** introduces a reason clause. Paul is giving the reason why he and the Jews are not **excusing** themselves. Use a natural way in your language to express the reason why someone does something. Alternate translation: “This is because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])*
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ROM 3 9 q88t figs-merism Ἰουδαίους τε καὶ Ἕλληνας 1 Paul figuratively refers to **Jews** and **Greeks**, using these types of people in order to include all of humanity (See the same phrase in [2:09](../02/09.md)). If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “both Jewish and non-Jewish people” or “both the Jewish people and the Gentiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])*
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ROM 3 9 s0px figs-metaphor πάντας ὑφ’ ἁμαρτίαν εἶναι 1 Paul speaks figuratively of **sin** as if it were a weight that **all** people are underneath. He means that **all** types of people are controlled or dominated or cursed by a tendency to **sin**. If your readers would not understand what it means to **be under sin** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternative translation: “that they are all controlled by living sinfully” or “that they are all cursed to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])*
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ROM 3 10 u88n writing-quotations καθὼς γέγραπται 1 This is as it is written In Paul’s culture, **just as it is written** is a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text. In [3:10–18](../03/10.md) Paul quotes from Old Testament books of Psalms, Proverbs, and Isaiah. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could use a comparable phrase indicating that Paul is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “as it can be read in the Old Testament” or “just as the Old Testament says” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations)
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ROM 3 10 yt5d figs-parallelism οὐκ ἔστιν δίκαιος οὐδὲ εἷς 1 These two phrases mean the same thing. Paul says the same thing twice, in slightly different ways, to emphasize that **not** one type of person is **righteous**. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “There are no types of people who can possibly make themselves right with God” or “There is absolutely no one who is righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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ROM 3 10 bscu figs-nominaladj οὐκ ἔστιν δίκαιος οὐδὲ εἷς 1 Paul is using the singular adjectives **none righteous** and **one** as nouns in order to describe all humanity. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these adjectives with noun phrases. Alternate translation: “There are no righteous people, not any people” or “There is no righteous person, not even one person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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@ -506,8 +523,11 @@ ROM 3 13 daji grammar-collectivenouns ὁ λάρυγξ 1 The word **throat** is
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ROM 3 13 pemg figs-personification ταῖς γλώσσαις αὐτῶν ἐδολιοῦσαν 1 Here, **tongues** are spoken of figuratively as though they were a person who could deceive someone. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “These people say deceptive things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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ROM 3 13 qk16 figs-metaphor ἰὸς ἀσπίδων ὑπὸ τὰ χείλη αὐτῶν 1 The poison of snakes is under their lips Paul speaks figuratively of these people’s **lips** as if they contained poison like an **asp**. He means that the things they say cause harm like deadly venom. If your readers would not understand what this phrase means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternative translation: “The things they say injure other people like a snake bite” or “The things they say are deadly, like an asp’s poison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
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ROM 3 13 b4bp figs-possession ἰὸς ἀσπίδων 1 Paul is using the possessive form to describe **poison** that comes from **asps**. If this is not clear in your language, you could use the adjective “asp’s” instead of the noun “asp.” Alternate translation: “Asp’s poison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
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ROM 3 14 df77 figs-abstractnouns ὧν τὸ στόμα ἀρᾶς καὶ πικρίας γέμει 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for these ideas of **cursing** and **bitterness**, you could express the same ideas with verbal forms. Alternate translation: “They continually curse and regularly say harsh things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])*
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ROM 3 14 sqr5 figs-metonymy ὧν τὸ στόμα ἀρᾶς καὶ πικρίας γέμει 1 Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness Paul is figuratively describing something people would say by association with their **mouth**, which they would use to say something. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “The things they say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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ROM 3 14 j0sg figs-metaphor ὧν τὸ στόμα ἀρᾶς καὶ πικρίας γέμει 1 Paul speaks figuratively of **cursing and bitterness** as if these concepts were items with which people could fill or load their **mouth**. He means that these people habitually curse and say bitter things against others. If your readers would not understand what it means to be **full of cursing and bitterness** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternative translation: “They habitually curse and say bitter things against others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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ROM 3 14 wtey grammar-collectivenouns ὧν τὸ στόμα…γέμει 1 The word **mouth** is a singular noun that refers to the mouths of a group of people. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you can use the plural like the UST or another way. Alternate translation: “What they say is full” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])*
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ROM 3 14 wisb figs-hendiadys ἀρᾶς καὶ πικρίας 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **bitterness** tells how these people curse. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use **and**. Alternate translation: “bitter cursing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
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ROM 3 15 quph figs-metaphor ὀξεῖς οἱ πόδες αὐτῶν, ἐκχέαι αἷμα 1 Paul speaks figuratively of **feet** as if they were hands holding something that contains **blood** and pouring it out. He means that these people are bloodthirsty. If your readers would not understand what it means to be **to pour out blood** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternative translation: “They hurry to slaughter others” or “They are quick to murder” or “They are bloodthirsty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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ROM 3 15 vds1 figs-synecdoche οἱ πόδες αὐτῶν 1 Their feet are swift to pour out blood Paul refers figuratively to **Their feet**, a part of the human body, to mean the whole person. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “These people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])<br>
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ROM 3 15 kfio figs-ellipsis ὀξεῖς 1 A word is left out here in the original that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. Since English needs it, **are** is added in brackets. Do what is natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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@ -1546,23 +1566,3 @@ ROM 16 26 efyy figs-activepassive φανερωθέντος δὲ νῦν διά
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ROM 16 26 lc6d figs-abstractnouns εἰς ὑπακοὴν πίστεως 1 to bring about the obedience of faith Here, **obedience** and **faith** are abstract nouns. You can use the verbs “obey” and “trust” in your translation. Alternate translation: “so that all nations will believe and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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ROM 16 26 cvi3 figs-explicit εἰς ὑπακοὴν πίστεως 1 You may need to make explicit who will obey and trust. Alternate translation: “so that all nations will obey God because they trust in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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ROM 16 27 qmj7 figs-explicit μόνῳ σοφῷ Θεῷ διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. ἀμήν! 1 To the only wise God … be glory forever. Amen Here, **through Jesus Christ** refers to what Jesus did. To give **glory** means to praise God. Alternate translation: “Because of what Jesus Christ has done for us, we will praise forever the one who alone is God and who alone is wise. Amen!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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ROM 2 22 vb45 figs-explicit ἱεροσυλεῖς 1 You who say that one must not commit adultery, do you commit adultery? The implication is that the **temples** the Jews **rob** are where **idols** are kept and worshipped. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “do you rob temples where idols are kept” or “should you actually enter an idol temple and rob it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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ROM 3 8 tz14 figs-exclusive βλασφημούμεθα… ἡμᾶς…ποιήσωμεν 1 And not, just as we are blasphemed and just as some affirm us to say, “Let us do evil, so that good may come”? Here, **we** and **us** exclusively speaks of Paul and his fellow apostles to the Gentiles. Your language may require you to mark these forms. Alternate translation: “some people keep blaspheming us apostles … us apostles … We apostles should do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
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ROM 3 8 m5xx figs-parallelism καθὼς βλασφημούμεθα, καὶ καθώς φασίν τινες ἡμᾶς λέγειν 1 These two phrases mean the same thing. Paul says the same thing twice, in slightly different ways, to show how badly these people spread rumors against the apostles. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “like some people slanderously report that we say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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ROM 3 8 cn1c figs-activepassive βλασφημούμεθα 1 The judgment on them is just If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “some people keep blaspheming us” or “some people keep slandering us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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ROM 3 8 h68w figs-explicit τινες 1 Paul implies that **some** could refer to: (1) Jewish unbelievers. Alternate translation: “some Jewish unbelievers” or “some Jews who reject Jesus” (2) Jewish believers. Alternate translation: “some Jewish believers who reject the Gentile inclusion in the Church” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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ROM 3 8 qc9n figs-quotations ὅτι ποιήσωμεν τὰ κακὰ, ἵνα ἔλθῃ τὰ ἀγαθά 1 This is a false quotation of something rumored that Paul and the apostles say or teach. If it would be more natural in your language, you could make it an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “that we should do evil, so that good may come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])<br>
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ROM 3 8 uocy figs-imperative ποιήσωμεν 1 Here, **Let us do** is used as an imperative that communicates an appeal rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates an appeal. Alternate translation: “We should do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
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ROM 3 8 ukgb figs-nominaladj τὰ κακὰ…τὰ ἀγαθά 1 Paul is using the adjectives **evil** and **good** as nouns in order to describe things or actions. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these with noun phrases. Alternate translation: “things that are evil … things that are good” or “evil things … good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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ROM 3 8 r0d8 figs-abstractnouns τὰ κακὰ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **evil**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “things that are evil” or “what is bad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])<br>
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ROM 3 8 bs94 grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 This phrase introduces a purpose clause. Paul is stating the purpose for which these Jews falsely accuse them of saying **Let us do evil**. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation (without a comma preceding): “in order that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
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ROM 3 8 vd6y figs-abstractnouns τὰ ἀγαθά 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **good**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “things that are good” or “what is beneficial” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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ROM 3 8 o2nu writing-pronouns ὧν τὸ κρίμα ἔνδικόν ἐστιν 1 The pronoun **their* refers to the same blaspheming people as **some**. If this might confuse your readers, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “These people are justly condemned” or “These people who blaspheme are deservedly condemned” or “It is fair to judge these people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
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ROM 3 8 zwlg figs-abstractnouns ὧν τὸ κρίμα 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **condemnation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “When they are condemned, it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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ROM 3 9 fia9 grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 What then? Are we excusing ourselves? Here, **For** introduces a reason clause. Paul is giving the reason why he and the Jews are not **excusing** themselves. Use a natural way in your language to express the reason why someone does something. Alternate translation: “This is because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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ROM 3 9 drcx figs-exclusive προῃτιασάμεθα 1 Here, **we** is used exclusively to speak of Paul and his fellows apostles (See [3:8](../03/08.md)). Your language may require you to mark these forms. Alternate translation: “we apostles have already accused” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
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ROM 3 9 q88t figs-merism Ἰουδαίους τε καὶ Ἕλληνας 1 Paul figuratively refers to **Jews** and **Greeks**, using these types of people in order to include all of humanity (See the same phrase in [2:09](../02/09.md)). If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “both Jewish and non-Jewish people” or “both the Jewish people and the Gentiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
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ROM 3 14 df77 figs-abstractnouns ὧν τὸ στόμα ἀρᾶς καὶ πικρίας γέμει 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for these ideas of **cursing** and **bitterness**, you could express the same ideas with verbal forms. Alternate translation: “They continually curse and regularly say harsh things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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ROM 3 9 s0px figs-metaphor πάντας ὑφ’ ἁμαρτίαν εἶναι 1 Paul speaks figuratively of **sin** as if it were a weight that **all** people are underneath. He means that **all** types of people are controlled or dominated or cursed by a tendency to **sin**. If your readers would not understand what it means to **be under sin** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternative translation: “that they are all controlled by living sinfully” or “that they are all cursed to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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ROM 3 14 wtey grammar-collectivenouns ὧν τὸ στόμα…γέμει 1 The word **mouth** is a singular noun that refers to the mouths of a group of people. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you can use the plural like the UST or another way. Alternate translation: “What they say is full” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
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ROM 3 14 wisb figs-hendiadys ἀρᾶς καὶ πικρίας 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **bitterness** tells how these people curse. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use **and**. Alternate translation: “bitter cursing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
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Reference in New Issue