Update AT's, GLQuotes, and bold snippets in 1 Thessalonians (#1906)

Co-authored-by: lrsallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/1906
Co-authored-by: Larry Sallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>
Co-committed-by: Larry Sallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>

en_tn_53-1TH.tsv

@@ -2,207 +2,207 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1TH	front	intro	jp2y			0		# Introduction to 1 Thessalonians<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of 1 Thessalonians<br><br>1. Greeting (1:1)<br>1. Prayer of thanksgiving for the Thessalonian Christians (1:2-10)<br>1. Paul’s ministry in Thessalonica (2:1-16)<br>1. Paul’s concerns for their spiritual growth<br>- Like a mother (2:7)<br>- Like a father (2:11)<br>1. Paul sends Timothy to the Thessalonians and Timothy reports back to Paul (3:1-13)<br>1. Practical instructions<br>- Live to please God (4:1-12)<br>- Comfort regarding those who have died (4:12-18)<br>- Christ’s return is a motive for godly living (5:1-11)<br>1. Closing blessings, thanks, and prayers (5:12-28)<br><br>### Who wrote 1 Thessalonians?<br><br>Paul wrote 1 Thessalonians. Paul was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.<br><br>Paul wrote this letter while staying in the city of Corinth. Of all Paul’s letters that are in the Bible, many scholars think 1 Thessalonians was the first letter Paul wrote.<br><br>### What is the Book of 1 Thessalonians about?<br><br>Paul wrote this letter to the believers in the city of Thessalonica. He wrote it after the Jews in the city forced him to leave. In this letter he said he considered his visit to them a success, even though he was forced to leave.<br><br>Paul responded to the news from Timothy about the Thessalonian believers. The believers there were being persecuted. He encouraged them to continue living in a way that pleased God. He also comforted them by explaining what happens to those who die before Christ returns.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “1 Thessalonians” or “First Thessalonians.” They may instead prefer to choose a clearer title, such as “Paul’s First Letter to the Church in Thessalonica,” or “The First Letter to the Christians in Thessalonica.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What is the “second coming” of Jesus?<br><br>Paul wrote much in this letter about Jesus’ eventual return to Earth. When Jesus returns, he will judge all mankind. He will also rule over creation, and there will be peace everywhere.<br><br>### What happens to those who die before the return of Christ?<br><br>Paul made clear that those who die before Christ’s return will come back to life and be with Jesus. They will not remain dead forever. Paul wrote this to encourage the Thessalonians. For some of them worried that those who died would miss the great day when Jesus returns.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What did Paul mean by expressions like “in Christ” and “in the Lord.”?<br><br>Paul meant to express the idea of a very a close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression.<br><br>### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 Thessalonians?<br><br>For the following verses, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULT text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.<br><br>* “May grace and peace be to you” (1:1). Some older versions read: “Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.”<br>* “Instead, we were as gentle among you as a mother comforting her own children.” (2:7) Other modern versions and older versions read, “Instead, we were like babies among you, as when a mother comforts her own children.”<br>* “Timothy, our brother and fellow worker for God” (3:2). Some other versions read: “Timothy, our brother and servant of God.”<br><br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
 1TH	1	intro	y8c5			0		# 1 Thessalonians 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Verse 1 formally introduces this letter. Letters in the ancient Near East commonly had introductions of this type.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Hardship<br>Other people persecuted the Christians in Thessalonica. But the Christians there handled it well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 1TH	1	1	dp37			0	General Information:	Paul identifies himself as the writer of the letter and greets the church at Thessalonica.
-1TH	1	1	ms5e	figs-explicit	Παῦλος, καὶ Σιλουανὸς, καὶ Τιμόθεος; τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ	1	Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy to the church	The UST makes clear that it was Paul who wrote this letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-1TH	1	1	luw5	figs-metonymy	χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη	1	May grace and peace be to you	The terms “grace” and “peace” are metonyms for the person who acts toward people in a kindly and peaceful manner. Alternate translation: “May God be kind to you and give you peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-1TH	1	1	nn67	figs-you	εἰρήνη	1	peace be to you	The word **you** refers to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
-1TH	1	2	y98w	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	In this letter The words **we** and **us** refer to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, unless otherwise noted. Also, The word **you** is plural and refers to the believers at the church of Thessalonica. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
+1TH	1	1	ms5e	figs-explicit	Παῦλος, καὶ Σιλουανὸς, καὶ Τιμόθεος; τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ	1	Paul and Silvanus and Timothy to the church	The UST makes clear that it was Paul who wrote this letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+1TH	1	1	luw5	figs-metonymy	χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη	1	Grace and peace to you	The terms **Grace** and **peace** are metonyms for the person who acts toward people in a kindly and peaceful manner. Alternate translation: “May God be kind to you and give you peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+1TH	1	1	nn67	figs-you	ὑμῖν	1	to you	The word **you** refers to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
+1TH	1	2	y98w	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	In this letter The words **we** and **us** refer to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, unless otherwise noted.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+1TH	1	2	x3u1	figs-you		0	General Information:	The word **you** is plural and refers to the believers at the church of Thessalonica. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
 1TH	1	2	xud4		εὐχαριστοῦμεν τῷ Θεῷ πάντοτε	1	We always give thanks to God	Here **always** suggests that when Paul prays to God, he consistently presents the Thessalonians to God in his prayers.
-1TH	1	2	r3yd		μνείαν ποιούμενοι ἐπὶ τῶν προσευχῶν ἡμῶν, ἀδιαλείπτως	1	we mention you continually in our prayers	“we continually pray for you”
+1TH	1	2	r3yd		μνείαν ποιούμενοι ἐπὶ τῶν προσευχῶν ἡμῶν, ἀδιαλείπτως	1	continually making mention of you in our prayers	“and we continually pray for you”
 1TH	1	3	bl7l		τοῦ ἔργου τῆς πίστεως	1	work of faith	acts done because of trust in God
 1TH	1	4	xky4			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues to give thanks for the believers at Thessalonica and praises them for their faith in God.
-1TH	1	4	erb6		ἀδελφοὶ	1	Brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
-1TH	1	4	u5er	figs-exclusive	εἰδότες	1	we know	The word **we** refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy but not the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+1TH	1	4	erb6		ἀδελφοὶ	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
 1TH	1	5	ude4		οὐκ…ἐν λόγῳ μόνον	1	not in word only	“not only in what we said”
-1TH	1	5	h675		ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν δυνάμει, καὶ ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ	1	but also in power, in the Holy Spirit	Possible meanings are (1) the Holy Spirit gave Paul and his companions the ability to preach the gospel powerfully or (2) the Holy Spirit made the preaching of the gospel have a powerful effect among the Thessalonian believers or (3) the Holy Spirit demonstrated the truth of the gospel preaching by means of miracles, signs, and wonders.
-1TH	1	5	t1w3	figs-abstractnouns	καὶ πληροφορίᾳ πολλῇ	1	in much assurance	The abstract noun “assurance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “God made you sure that it was true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1TH	1	5	h675		ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν δυνάμει, καὶ ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ	1	but also in power, and in the Holy Spirit	Possible meanings are (1) the **Holy Spirit** gave Paul and his companions the ability to preach the gospel powerfully or (2) the **Holy Spirit** made the preaching of the gospel have a powerful effect among the Thessalonian believers or (3) the **Holy Spirit** demonstrated the truth of the gospel preaching by means of miracles, signs, and wonders.
+1TH	1	5	t1w3	figs-abstractnouns	πληροφορίᾳ πολλῇ	1	in much assurance	The abstract noun **assurance** can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “God made you sure that it was true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 1TH	1	5	e889		οἷοι	1	what kind of men	“how we conducted ourselves when”
-1TH	1	6	cs49		καὶ ὑμεῖς μιμηταὶ…ἐγενήθητε	1	You became imitators	To “imitate” means to act like or to copy the behavior of another.
-1TH	1	6	cl6r		δεξάμενοι τὸν λόγον	1	received the word	“welcomed the message” or “accepted what we had to say”
+1TH	1	6	cs49		ὑμεῖς μιμηταὶ…ἐγενήθητε	1	you became imitators	To “imitate” means to act like or to copy the behavior of another.
+1TH	1	6	cl6r		δεξάμενοι τὸν λόγον	1	having received the word	“having welcomed the message” or “having accepted what we had to say”
 1TH	1	6	q4gm		ἐν θλίψει πολλῇ	1	in much hardship	“during a time of great suffering” or “in much persecution”
-1TH	1	7	ml7u	translate-names	ἐν τῇ Ἀχαΐᾳ	1	Achaia	This is an ancient district in what is present-day Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-1TH	1	8	qyk6	figs-metonymy	ὁ λόγος τοῦ Κυρίου	1	the word of the Lord	**Word** here is a metonym for “message.” Alternate translation: “the Lord’s teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-1TH	1	8	sht4	figs-metaphor	ἐξήχηται	1	has rung out	Here Paul speaks of the Christian witness produced by the Thessalonian believers as if it were a bell that was rung or a musical instrument that was being played. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1TH	1	9	rd2b		αὐτοὶ γὰρ	1	For they themselves	Paul is referring to the churches that already existed in the surrounding regions, who have heard about the Thessalonian believers.
-1TH	1	9	amc1	figs-rpronouns	αὐτοὶ	1	they themselves	Here **themselves** is used to emphasize those people who had heard about the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
-1TH	1	9	v145	figs-metonymy	ὁποίαν εἴσοδον ἔσχομεν πρὸς ὑμᾶς	1	what kind of reception we had among you	The abstract noun “reception” can be expressed as the verb “receive” or “welcome.” Alternate translation: “how warmly you received us” or “how warmly you welcomed us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-1TH	1	9	u1um	figs-metaphor	ἐπεστρέψατε πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν ἀπὸ τῶν εἰδώλων, δουλεύειν Θεῷ ζῶντι καὶ ἀληθινῷ	1	you turned to God from the idols to serve the living and true God	Here **turned to…from** is a metaphor that means to start being loyal to one person and stop being loyal to someone else. Alternate translation: “you stopped worshiping idols and started serving the living and true God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	1	7	ml7u	translate-names	ἐν τῇ Ἀχαΐᾳ	1	in Achaia	This is an ancient district in what is present-day Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
+1TH	1	8	qyk6	figs-metonymy	ὁ λόγος τοῦ Κυρίου	1	the word of the Lord	Here, **word** here is a metonym for “message.” Alternate translation: “the Lord’s teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+1TH	1	8	sht4	figs-metaphor	ἐξήχηται	1	has been sounded out	Here Paul speaks of the Christian witness produced by the Thessalonian believers as if it were a bell that was rung or a musical instrument that was being played. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	1	9	rd2b		αὐτοὶ…ἀπαγγέλλουσιν	1	they themselves report	Paul is referring to the churches that already existed in the surrounding regions, who have heard about the Thessalonian believers.
+1TH	1	9	amc1	figs-rpronouns	αὐτοὶ	1	themselves	Here **themselves** is used to emphasize those people who had heard about the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
+1TH	1	9	v145	figs-metonymy	ὁποίαν εἴσοδον ἔσχομεν πρὸς ὑμᾶς	1	what kind of reception we had with you	The abstract noun **reception** can be expressed as the verb “receive” or “welcome.” Alternate translation: “how warmly you received us” or “how warmly you welcomed us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+1TH	1	9	u1um	figs-metaphor	ἐπεστρέψατε πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν ἀπὸ τῶν εἰδώλων, δουλεύειν Θεῷ ζῶντι καὶ ἀληθινῷ	1	you turned to God from the idols to serve the living and true God	Here **turned to … from** is a metaphor that means to start being loyal to one person and stop being loyal to someone else. Alternate translation: “you stopped worshiping idols and started serving the living and true God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1TH	1	10	dg6a	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τὸν Υἱὸν αὐτοῦ	1	his Son	This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 1TH	1	10	pmi8		ὃν ἤγειρεν	1	whom he raised	“whom God caused to live again”
 1TH	1	10	wba8		ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν	1	from the dead	“so that he was no longer dead.” This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To come back from among them speaks of becoming alive again.
-1TH	1	10	pt1s	figs-exclusive	τὸν ῥυόμενον ἡμᾶς	1	who frees us	Here Paul includes the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+1TH	1	10	pt1s	figs-exclusive	τὸν ῥυόμενον ἡμᾶς	1	the one rescuing us	Here, **us** includes Paul and the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 1TH	2	intro	kt5l			0		# 1 Thessalonians 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Christian witness<br>Paul values his “Christian witness” as evidence that the gospel is true. Paul says that being godly or holy bears witness to the non-Christian. Paul defends his character, so that his witness is not affected. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
 1TH	2	1	pt75			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul defines the believers’ service and reward.
-1TH	2	1	gpr4	figs-rpronouns	αὐτοὶ	1	you yourselves	The words **you** and **yourselves** refer to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
+1TH	2	1	gpr4	figs-rpronouns	αὐτοὶ…οἴδατε	1	you yourselves know	The words **you** and **yourselves** refer to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
 1TH	2	1	tdl3		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
 1TH	2	1	g6qq	figs-exclusive	τὴν εἴσοδον ἡμῶν	1	our coming	The word **our** refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy but not the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-1TH	2	1	w584	figs-doublenegatives	οὐ κενὴ γέγονεν	1	was not useless	This can be expressed in a positive manner. Alternate translation: “was very worthwhile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
-1TH	2	2	x6ez		προπαθόντες καὶ ὑβρισθέντες	1	previously suffered and were shamefully treated	“were mistreated and insulted”
-1TH	2	2	v4dg		ἐν πολλῷ ἀγῶνι	1	in much struggling	“while struggling under great opposition”
+1TH	2	1	w584	figs-doublenegatives	οὐ κενὴ γέγονεν	1	has not been in vain	This can be expressed in a positive manner. Alternate translation: “was very worthwhile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
+1TH	2	2	x6ez		προπαθόντες καὶ ὑβρισθέντες	1	having previously suffered and been shamefully treated	“having been mistreated and insulted”
+1TH	2	2	v4dg		ἐν πολλῷ ἀγῶνι	1	in much struggle	“while struggling under great opposition”
 1TH	2	3	t7ty		οὐκ ἐκ πλάνης, οὐδὲ ἐξ ἀκαθαρσίας, οὐδὲ ἐν δόλῳ	1	was not from error, nor from impurity, nor from deceit	“was truthful, pure, and honest”
-1TH	2	4	is1a		δεδοκιμάσμεθα ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ, πιστευθῆναι	1	approved by God to be trusted	Paul was tested and proven trustworthy by God.
+1TH	2	4	is1a		δεδοκιμάσμεθα ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ, πιστευθῆναι	1	we have been approved by God to be entrusted	Paul was tested and proven trustworthy by God.
 1TH	2	4	qqj2	figs-explicit	λαλοῦμεν	1	we speak	Paul is referring to preaching the gospel message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-1TH	2	4	k1m9	figs-metonymy	τῷ δοκιμάζοντι τὰς καρδίας ἡμῶν	1	who examines our hearts	The word **hearts** is a metonym for a person’s desires and thoughts. Alternate translation: “who knows our desires and thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+1TH	2	4	k1m9	figs-metonymy	τῷ δοκιμάζοντι τὰς καρδίας ἡμῶν	1	the one who examines our hearts	The word **hearts** is a metonym for a person’s desires and thoughts. Alternate translation: “who knows our desires and thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 1TH	2	5	xcy6			0	General Information:	Paul tells the Thessalonian believers that his conduct was not based in flattery, greed, or self glory.
-1TH	2	5	i8cr		οὔτε…ἐν λόγῳ κολακίας ἐγενήθημεν	1	we never came with words of flattery	“we never spoke to you with false praise”
-1TH	2	7	ag1l	figs-simile	ὡς ἐὰν τροφὸς θάλπῃ τὰ ἑαυτῆς τέκνα	1	as a mother comforting her own children	Just as a mother gently comforts her children, so Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy spoke gently to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
-1TH	2	8	r8b4		οὕτως ὁμειρόμενοι ὑμῶν	1	In this way we had affection for you	“This is how we demonstrated our affection for you”
-1TH	2	8	g73f		ὁμειρόμενοι ὑμῶν	1	we had affection for you	“we loved you”
-1TH	2	8	q86v	figs-metaphor	εὐδοκοῦμεν μεταδοῦναι ὑμῖν, οὐ μόνον τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰς ἑαυτῶν ψυχάς	1	We were pleased to share with you not only the gospel of God but also our own lives	Paul speaks of the gospel message and his life and the lives of those with him as if they were a physical object that one could share with others. Alternate translation: “We were pleased not only to tell you the gospel of God but also to spend time with you and to help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1TH	2	8	p4e4		ἀγαπητοὶ ἡμῖν ἐγενήθητε	1	you had become very dear to us	“we cared for you deeply”
+1TH	2	5	i8cr		οὔτε…ἐν λόγῳ κολακίας ἐγενήθημεν	1	we did not come … in words of flattery	“we never spoke to you … with false praise”
+1TH	2	7	ag1l	figs-simile	ὡς ἐὰν τροφὸς θάλπῃ τὰ ἑαυτῆς τέκνα	1	as if a mother might comfort her own children	Just as a **mother** would gently **comfort** her **children**, so Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy spoke gently to the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
+1TH	2	8	r8b4		οὕτως ὁμειρόμενοι ὑμῶν	1	Having affection for you in this manner	“Because of our great affection for you”
+1TH	2	8	g73f		ὁμειρόμενοι ὑμῶν	1	having affection for you	“loving you”
+1TH	2	8	q86v	figs-metaphor	εὐδοκοῦμεν μεταδοῦναι ὑμῖν, οὐ μόνον τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰς ἑαυτῶν ψυχάς	1	we were pleased to impart to you not only the gospel of God but also our own souls	Paul speaks of the gospel message and his soul and the souls of those with him as if they were physical objects that one could share with others. Alternate translation: “We were pleased not only to tell you the gospel of God but also to spend time with you and to help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	2	8	p4e4		ἀγαπητοὶ ἡμῖν ἐγενήθητε	1	you had become beloved to us	“we cared for you deeply”
 1TH	2	9	j9lu		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
 1TH	2	9	tc98	figs-doublet	τὸν κόπον ἡμῶν καὶ τὸν μόχθον	1	our labor and toil	The words **labor** and **toil** mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize how hard they worked. Alternate translation: “how hard we worked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-1TH	2	9	b16f		νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας ἐργαζόμενοι, πρὸς τὸ μὴ ἐπιβαρῆσαί τινα ὑμῶν	1	Night and day we were working so that we might not weigh down any of you	“We worked hard to make our own living so you would not need to support us”
-1TH	2	10	il3e		ὁσίως, καὶ δικαίως, καὶ ἀμέμπτως	1	holy, righteous, and blameless	Paul uses three words that describe their good behavior toward the Thessalonian believers.
-1TH	2	11	i58m	figs-metaphor	ὡς πατὴρ τέκνα ἑαυτοῦ	1	as a father with his own children	Paul compares how he encouraged the Thessalonians to a father gently teaching his children how to behave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1TH	2	12	m91e	figs-doublet	παρακαλοῦντες ὑμᾶς, καὶ παραμυθούμενοι, καὶ μαρτυρόμενοι…ὑμᾶς	1	exhorting you and encouraging and urging you	The words **exhorting,** **encouraging**, and **urging** are used together to express how passionately Paul’s group encouraged the Thessalonians. Alternate translation: “We were strongly encouraging you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
+1TH	2	9	b16f		νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας ἐργαζόμενοι, πρὸς τὸ μὴ ἐπιβαρῆσαί τινα ὑμῶν	1	night and day working, in order not to be a burden to any of you	“working hard to make our own living so you would not need to support us”
+1TH	2	10	il3e		ὁσίως, καὶ δικαίως, καὶ ἀμέμπτως	1	holy, and righteous, and blameless	Paul uses three words that describe their good behavior toward the Thessalonian believers.
+1TH	2	11	i58m	figs-metaphor	ὡς πατὴρ τέκνα ἑαυτοῦ	1	as a father his own children	Paul compares how he encouraged the Thessalonians to a **father** gently teaching his **children** how to behave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	2	12	m91e	figs-doublet	παρακαλοῦντες ὑμᾶς, καὶ παραμυθούμενοι, καὶ μαρτυρόμενοι…ὑμᾶς	1	exhorting you and encouraging and testifying to you	The words **exhorting,** **encouraging**, and ** testifying** are used together to express how passionately Paul’s group encouraged the Thessalonians. Alternate translation: “We were strongly encouraging you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 1TH	2	12	n8dr	figs-hendiadys	εἰς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ βασιλείαν καὶ δόξαν	1	into his own kingdom and glory	The word **glory** describes the word **kingdom**. Alternate translation: “into his own glorious kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
-1TH	2	12	qmc3	figs-metaphor	εἰς τὸ περιπατεῖν ὑμᾶς ἀξίως τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	to walk in a manner that is worthy of God	**Walk** here is an metaphor for “live.” Alternate translation: “live so that people will think well of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	2	12	qmc3	figs-metaphor	εἰς τὸ περιπατεῖν ὑμᾶς ἀξίως τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	for you to walk worthily of God	Here, **walk** here is a metaphor for “live.” Alternate translation: “for you to live in such a way that people will think well of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1TH	2	13	au3b			0	General Information:	Paul continues to use “we” to refer to himself and his traveling companions and “you” to the Thessalonian believers.
 1TH	2	13	z53w		καὶ ἡμεῖς εὐχαριστοῦμεν τῷ Θεῷ ἀδιαλείπτως	1	we also thank God constantly	Paul often thanks God for their acceptance of the gospel message he shared with them.
-1TH	2	13	zj5f	figs-synecdoche	οὐ λόγον ἀνθρώπων	1	not as the word of man	**Word of man** here is a synecdoche for “a message that comes simply from a man.” Alternate translation: “(it is) not a message that is made up by a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-1TH	2	13	rpb1	figs-metonymy	ἐδέξασθε…καθὼς ἀληθῶς ἐστὶν, λόγον Θεοῦ	1	you accepted it…as it truly is, the word of God	**Word** here is a metonym for “message.” Alternate translation: “you accepted it…as it truly is, the message that comes from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-1TH	2	13	ci1e	figs-personification	ὃς καὶ ἐνεργεῖται ἐν ὑμῖν τοῖς πιστεύουσιν	1	which is also at work in you who believe	Paul speaks of God’s gospel message as if it were a person who was doing work. “Word” is a metonym for “message.” Alternate translation: “which those of you who believe are listening to and beginning to obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+1TH	2	13	zj5f	figs-synecdoche	οὐ λόγον ἀνθρώπων	1	not as the word of man	Here, **word of man** here is a synecdoche for “a message that comes simply from a man.” Alternate translation: “not as if it was a message that a man made up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
+1TH	2	13	rpb1	figs-metonymy	λόγον Θεοῦ	1	the word of God	Here, **word** here is a metonym for “message.” Alternate translation: “the message that comes from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+1TH	2	13	ci1e	figs-personification	ὃς καὶ ἐνεργεῖται ἐν ὑμῖν τοῖς πιστεύουσιν	1	which is also working in you who believe	Paul speaks of God’s gospel message as if it were a person who was doing work. Alternate translation: “which those of you who believe are listening to and beginning to obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 1TH	2	14	s2mp		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
 1TH	2	14	mh8n		μιμηταὶ ἐγενήθητε…τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν	1	became imitators of the churches	The Thessalonian believers endured persecutions similar to the Judean believers. “became like the churches”
 1TH	2	14	cxm3		ὑπὸ τῶν ἰδίων συμφυλετῶν	1	from your own countrymen	“from other Thessalonians”
-1TH	2	16	rw7e		κωλυόντων ἡμᾶς…λαλῆσαι	1	They forbid us to speak	“They try to make us stop speaking”
-1TH	2	16	n2ue	figs-metaphor	τὸ ἀναπληρῶσαι αὐτῶν τὰς ἁμαρτίας πάντοτε	1	they always fill up their own sins	Paul speaks as though someone can fill a container with their own sins as with liquid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1TH	2	16	fq9m		ἔφθασεν…ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς ἡ ὀργὴ εἰς τέλος	1	wrath will overtake them in the end	This refers to God finally judging and punishing people for their sins.
+1TH	2	16	rw7e		κωλυόντων ἡμᾶς…λαλῆσαι	1	forbidding us to speak	“trying to make us stop speaking”
+1TH	2	16	n2ue	figs-metaphor	εἰς τὸ ἀναπληρῶσαι αὐτῶν τὰς ἁμαρτίας πάντοτε	1	to always fill up their own sins	Paul speaks as though someone can **fill** a container with **their own sins** as with liquid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	2	16	fq9m		ἔφθασεν…ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς ἡ ὀργὴ εἰς τέλος	1	wrath has come upon them in the end	This refers to God finally judging and punishing people for their sins.
 1TH	2	17	edb1		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	This means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
-1TH	2	17	vr7v	figs-metonymy	προσώπῳ οὐ καρδίᾳ	1	in person not in heart	Here **heart** represents thoughts and emotions. Though Paul and those traveling with him were not present physically in Thessalonica, they continued to care and think about the believers there. Alternate translation: “in person, but we continued to think about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-1TH	2	17	t5d5	figs-synecdoche	τὸ πρόσωπον ὑμῶν ἰδεῖν	1	to see your face	Here **your face** means the entire person. Alternate translation: “to see you” or “to be with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-1TH	2	19	j7j5	figs-rquestion	τίς γὰρ ἡμῶν ἐλπὶς ἢ χαρὰ ἢ στέφανος καυχήσεως? ἢ οὐχὶ καὶ ὑμεῖς, ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ, ἐν τῇ αὐτοῦ παρουσίᾳ?	1	For what is our hope, or joy, or crown of pride in front of our Lord Jesus at his coming? Is it not you?	Paul uses questions to emphasize the reasons he wants to come see the Thessalonian believers. Alternate translation: “For you are our confidence for the future, and joy, and crown of pride in front of our Lord Jesus at his coming.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-1TH	2	19	mj9n	figs-metonymy	ἡμῶν ἐλπὶς…ἢ οὐχὶ καὶ ὑμεῖς	1	our hope…Is it not you	By “hope” Paul means the assurance he has that God will reward him for his work. The Thessalonian Christians are the reason for his hope. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+1TH	2	17	vr7v	figs-metonymy	προσώπῳ οὐ καρδίᾳ	1	by face, not in heart	Here **heart** represents thoughts and emotions. Though Paul and those traveling with him were not present physically in Thessalonica, they continued to care and think about the believers there. Alternate translation: “in person, but we continued to think about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+1TH	2	17	t5d5	figs-synecdoche	τὸ πρόσωπον ὑμῶν ἰδεῖν	1	to see your faces	Here **your faces** means the entire person. Alternate translation: “to see you” or “to be with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
+1TH	2	19	j7j5	figs-rquestion	τίς γὰρ ἡμῶν ἐλπὶς ἢ χαρὰ ἢ στέφανος καυχήσεως? ἢ οὐχὶ καὶ ὑμεῖς, ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ, ἐν τῇ αὐτοῦ παρουσίᾳ?	1	For what is our hope, or joy, or crown of boasting? Is it not even you before our Lord Jesus at his coming?	Paul uses these questions to emphasize the reasons he wants to come see the Thessalonian believers. Alternate translation: “For you are our confidence for the future, and joy, and crown of pride in front of our Lord Jesus at his coming.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+1TH	2	19	mj9n	figs-metonymy	ἡμῶν ἐλπὶς…ἢ οὐχὶ καὶ ὑμεῖς	1	our hope … Is it not even you	By **hope** Paul means the assurance he has that God will reward him for his work. The Thessalonian Christians are the reason for his hope. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 1TH	2	19	ty78	figs-metonymy	ἢ χαρὰ	1	or joy	The Thessalonians are the reason for his joy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-1TH	2	19	e7tl	figs-metonymy	στέφανος καυχήσεως	1	crown of pride	Here **crown** refers to a laurel wreath awarded to victorious athletes. The expression “crown of pride” means a reward for victory, or having done well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+1TH	2	19	e7tl	figs-metonymy	στέφανος καυχήσεως	1	crown of boasting	Here **crown** refers to a laurel wreath awarded to victorious athletes. The expression **crown of boasting** means a reward for victory, or having done well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 1TH	3	intro	j379			0		# 1 Thessalonians 03 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Standing<br>In this chapter, Paul uses “stand firm” to illustrate being steadfast. This is a common way to describe being steadfast or faithful. Paul uses “be shaken” as the opposite of being steadfast. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
 1TH	3	1	nal1			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul tells the believers he has sent Timothy to strengthen their faith.
-1TH	3	1	fqe3		μηκέτι στέγοντες	1	we could no longer bear it	“we could no longer endure worrying about you”
-1TH	3	1	t3vt		ηὐδοκήσαμεν καταλειφθῆναι ἐν Ἀθήναις μόνοι	1	good to be left behind at Athens alone	“good for Silvanus and me to stay behind in Athens”
-1TH	3	1	qhj4		ηὐδοκήσαμεν	1	it was good	“it was proper” or “it was reasonable”
+1TH	3	1	fqe3		μηκέτι στέγοντες	1	enduring it no longer	“when we could no longer endure worrying about you”
+1TH	3	1	t3vt		ηὐδοκήσαμεν καταλειφθῆναι ἐν Ἀθήναις μόνοι	1	we thought it good to be left behind at Athens alone	“we thought only Silvanus and me should stay behind in Athens”
+1TH	3	1	qhj4		ηὐδοκήσαμεν	1	we thought it good	“we thought it was proper” or “we decided it was reasonable”
 1TH	3	1	laf9	translate-names	Ἀθήναις	1	Athens	This is a city in the Achaia province, which is now modern-day Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-1TH	3	2	d8yy		τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἡμῶν, καὶ διάκονον	1	our brother and fellow worker	These two expressions both describe Timothy.
-1TH	3	3	y74m	figs-idiom	μηδένα σαίνεσθαι	1	no one would be shaken	To be “shaken” is an idiom for being afraid. Alternate translation: “no one would be frightened away from trusting in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-1TH	3	3	rkx9	figs-explicit	κείμεθα	1	we have been appointed	Paul assumes that everyone knows that it was God who appointed them. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “God has appointed us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+1TH	3	2	d8yy		τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἡμῶν, καὶ διάκονον	1	our brother and a servant	These two expressions both describe Timothy.
+1TH	3	3	y74m	figs-idiom	μηδένα σαίνεσθαι	1	no one be disturbed	To be “disturbed” is an idiom for being afraid. Alternate translation: “no one would be frightened away from trusting in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+1TH	3	3	rkx9	figs-explicit	κείμεθα	1	we are appointed	Paul assumes that everyone knows that it was God who appointed them. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “God appointed us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 1TH	3	4	nm1l		θλίβεσθαι	1	to suffer affliction	“to be mistreated by others”
-1TH	3	5	st3d	figs-idiom	κἀγὼ μηκέτι στέγων	1	I could no longer stand it	Paul was describing his own emotions by using an idiom. Alternate translation: “I could not longer wait patiently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-1TH	3	5	zn36	figs-explicit	ἔπεμψα	1	I sent	It is implied that Paul sent Timothy. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I sent Timothy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+1TH	3	5	st3d	figs-idiom	κἀγὼ μηκέτι στέγων	1	I also no longer enduring it	Paul was describing his own emotions by using an idiom. Alternate translation: “when I could no longer wait patiently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+1TH	3	5	zn36	figs-explicit	ἔπεμψα	1	sent	It is implied that Paul **sent** Timothy. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I sent Timothy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 1TH	3	5	g92s		ὁ κόπος ἡμῶν	1	our labor	“our hard work among you” or “our teaching among you”
 1TH	3	5	ne5x		εἰς κενὸν	1	in vain	“useless”
 1TH	3	6	r4pa			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul tells his readers about Timothy’s report after he returned from visiting them.
-1TH	3	6	gci4	figs-exclusive	ἐλθόντος…πρὸς ἡμᾶς	1	came to us	The word **us** refers to Paul and Silvanus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-1TH	3	6	tu8d	figs-explicit	εὐαγγελισαμένου…τὴν πίστιν…ὑμῶν	1	the good news of your faith	It is understood that this refers to faith in Christ. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “a good report of your faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+1TH	3	6	gci4	figs-exclusive	πρὸς ἡμᾶς	1	to us	The word **us** refers to Paul and Silvanus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+1TH	3	6	tu8d	figs-explicit	τὴν πίστιν…ὑμῶν	1	of your faith	It is understood that this refers to faith in Christ. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “of your faith in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 1TH	3	6	e6kx		ἔχετε μνείαν…ἀγαθὴν πάντοτε	1	you always have good memories	When they think of Paul, they always have good thoughts about him.
-1TH	3	6	tx4h		ἐπιποθοῦντες ἡμᾶς ἰδεῖν	1	you long to see us	“you desire to see us”
+1TH	3	6	tx4h		ἐπιποθοῦντες ἡμᾶς ἰδεῖν	1	longing to see us	“desiring to see us”
 1TH	3	7	mqy5		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here **brothers** means fellow Christians.
-1TH	3	7	k54j	figs-explicit	διὰ τῆς ὑμῶν πίστεως	1	because of your faith	This refers to faith in Christ. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “because of your faith in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-1TH	3	7	csz7	figs-doublet	ἐπὶ πάσῃ τῇ ἀνάγκῃ καὶ θλίψει ἡμῶν	1	in all our distress and affliction	The word **affliction** explains why they are in “distress.” Alternate translation: “in all our distress caused by our afflictions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
+1TH	3	7	k54j	figs-explicit	διὰ τῆς ὑμῶν πίστεως	1	because of your faith	This refers to **faith** in Christ. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “because of your faith in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+1TH	3	7	csz7	figs-doublet	ἐπὶ πάσῃ τῇ ἀνάγκῃ καὶ θλίψει ἡμῶν	1	in all our distress and affliction	The word **affliction** explains why they are in **distress**. Alternate translation: “in all our distress caused by our afflictions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 1TH	3	8	x5xt	figs-idiom	ζῶμεν	1	we live	This is an idiom that expresses living a satisfied life. Alternate translation: “we are very encouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-1TH	3	8	x4zn	figs-idiom	ἐὰν ὑμεῖς στήκετε ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	if you stand firm in the Lord	To “stand firm” is an idiom meaning to continue being faithful. Alternate translation: “if you continue to trust in the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-1TH	3	9	pzq7	figs-rquestion	τίνα γὰρ εὐχαριστίαν δυνάμεθα τῷ Θεῷ ἀνταποδοῦναι περὶ ὑμῶν, ἐπὶ πάσῃ τῇ χαρᾷ ᾗ χαίρομεν δι’ ὑμᾶς, ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν	1	For what thanks can we give to God for you, for all the joy that we have before our God over you?	This rhetorical question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “We cannot thank God enough for what he has done for you! We greatly rejoice over you when we pray to our God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+1TH	3	8	x4zn	figs-idiom	ἐὰν ὑμεῖς στήκετε ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	if you stand firm in the Lord	To **stand firm** is an idiom meaning to continue being faithful. Alternate translation: “if you continue to trust in the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+1TH	3	9	pzq7	figs-rquestion	τίνα γὰρ εὐχαριστίαν δυνάμεθα τῷ Θεῷ ἀνταποδοῦναι περὶ ὑμῶν, ἐπὶ πάσῃ τῇ χαρᾷ ᾗ χαίρομεν δι’ ὑμᾶς, ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν	1	For what thanks are we able to give to God concerning you, for all the joy in which we rejoice before our God because of you,	This is the beginning of a rhetorical question that continues to the end of the next verse. It can be expressed as a statement, but it will be necessary to change the question mark to a period at the end of verse 10. Alternate translation: “We cannot thank God enough for what he has done for you! We greatly rejoice over you when we pray to our God,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 1TH	3	9	p5ka	figs-metaphor	ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν	1	before our God	Paul speaks as if he and his companions were physically in God’s presence. He is probably referring to the activity of praying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1TH	3	10	k71n		ὑπέρ ἐκ περισσοῦ	1	very hard	“fervently”
-1TH	3	10	eb26	figs-synecdoche	τὸ ἰδεῖν ὑμῶν τὸ πρόσωπον	1	see your face	The word **face** refers to their whole person. Alternate translation: “visit you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
+1TH	3	10	k71n		ὑπέρἐκπερισσοῦ	1	earnestly	“fervently”
+1TH	3	10	eb26	figs-synecdoche	εἰς τὸ ἰδεῖν ὑμῶν τὸ πρόσωπον	1	to see your face	The word **face** refers to their whole person. Alternate translation: “to visit you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 1TH	3	11	tet9			0	General Information:	In these verses, the word “our” does not always refer to the same group of people. Please see the translation notes for specifics.
-1TH	3	11	bql9	figs-exclusive	ὁ Θεὸς…Πατὴρ ἡμῶν	1	May our God…our Lord Jesus	Paul includes the Thessalonian believers with his ministry team. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-1TH	3	11	mc2m		ὁ Θεὸς…ἡμῶν	1	May our God	“We pray that our God”
-1TH	3	11	um1c	figs-metaphor	κατευθύναι τὴν ὁδὸν ἡμῶν πρὸς ὑμᾶς	1	direct our way to you	Paul speaks as if he wants God to show him and his companions the route to take to visit the Thessalonian Christians. He means that he wants God to make it possible for them to do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1TH	3	11	efl5	figs-exclusive	κατευθύναι τὴν ὁδὸν ἡμῶν πρὸς ὑμᾶς	1	direct our way to you	The word **our** refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy but not the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+1TH	3	11	bql9	figs-exclusive	ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Πατὴρ ἡμῶν…ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν	1	our God and Father … our Lord	Paul uses **our** to include the Thessalonian believers with his ministry team. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+1TH	3	11	mc2m		ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Πατὴρ ἡμῶν…κατευθύναι	1	may our God and Father … direct	“we pray that our God and Father … will direct”
+1TH	3	11	um1c	figs-metaphor	κατευθύναι τὴν ὁδὸν ἡμῶν πρὸς ὑμᾶς	1	may … direct our way to you	Paul speaks as if he wants God to show him and his companions the route to take to visit the Thessalonian Christians. He means that he wants God to make it possible for them to do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	3	11	efl5	figs-exclusive	τὴν ὁδὸν ἡμῶν πρὸς ὑμᾶς	1	our way to you	The word **our** refers to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy but not the Thessalonian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 1TH	3	11	mp6s	figs-rpronouns	αὐτὸς…Πατὴρ	1	Father himself	Here **himself** refers back to “Father” for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
-1TH	3	12	f5z3	figs-metaphor	πλεονάσαι καὶ περισσεύσαι τῇ ἀγάπῃ	1	increase and abound in love	Paul speaks of love as an object that one could obtain more of. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1TH	3	13	ly21	figs-metonymy	τὸ στηρίξαι ὑμῶν τὰς καρδίας, ἀμέμπτους	1	strengthen your hearts, so that they will be	Here **heart** is a metonym for one’s beliefs and convictions. Alternate translation: “strenghten you, so that you will be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+1TH	3	12	f5z3	figs-metaphor	ὑμᾶς…ὁ Κύριος πλεονάσαι καὶ περισσεύσαι τῇ ἀγάπῃ	1	may the Lord make you increase and abound in love	Paul speaks of **love** as an object that one could obtain more of. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	3	13	ly21	figs-metonymy	εἰς τὸ στηρίξαι ὑμῶν τὰς καρδίας, ἀμέμπτους	1	to strengthen your hearts, blameless	Here **heart** is a metonym for one’s beliefs and convictions. Alternate translation: “to strengthen you, so that you will be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 1TH	3	13	xsd3		ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ	1	at the coming of our Lord Jesus	“when Jesus comes back to earth”
 1TH	3	13	jlc5		μετὰ πάντων τῶν ἁγίων αὐτοῦ	1	with all his saints	“with all those who belong to him”
 1TH	4	intro	b1z5			0		# 1 Thessalonians 04 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sexual immorality<br>Different cultures have different standards of sexual morality. These different cultural standards may make translating this passage difficult. Translators must also be aware of cultural taboos. These are topics considered improper to discuss.<br><br>### Dying before the return of Christ<br>In the early church, people apparently wondered what would happen if a believer died before Christ returned. They may have worried whether those dying before Christ returned would be part of the kingdom of God. Paul answers that concern.<br><br>### “Caught up in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air”<br>This passage refers to a time when Jesus calls to himself those who have believed in him. Scholars differ on whether or not this refers to Christ’s final glorious return. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])
 1TH	4	1	wk39		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here **brothers** means fellow Christians.
-1TH	4	1	u2lw	figs-doublet	ἐρωτῶμεν ὑμᾶς καὶ παρακαλοῦμεν	1	we encourage and exhort you	Paul uses “encourage” and “exhort” to emphasize how strongly they encourage the believers. Alternate translation: “we strongly encourage you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-1TH	4	1	iij6	figs-activepassive	παρελάβετε παρ’ ἡμῶν	1	you received instructions from us	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we taught you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-1TH	4	1	p4db	figs-metaphor	δεῖ ὑμᾶς περιπατεῖν	1	you must walk	Here **walk** is an expression for the way one is to live. Alternate translation: “you ought to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1TH	4	2	vg16	figs-metaphor	διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ	1	through the Lord Jesus	Paul speaks of his instructions as if they were given by Jesus himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1TH	4	3	mw4j		ἀπέχεσθαι ὑμᾶς…τῆς πορνείας	1	you avoid sexual immorality	“you stay away from sexually immoral acts”
-1TH	4	4	f4ux		εἰδέναι…τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σκεῦος, κτᾶσθαι	1	know how to possess his own vessel	Possible meanings are (1) “know how to live with his own wife” or (2) “know how to control his own body”
+1TH	4	1	u2lw	figs-doublet	ἐρωτῶμεν ὑμᾶς καὶ παρακαλοῦμεν	1	we beg and exhort you	Paul uses **beg** and **exhort** to emphasize how strongly they encourage the believers. Alternate translation: “we strongly encourage you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
+1TH	4	1	iij6	figs-activepassive	παρελάβετε παρ’ ἡμῶν	1	you received from us	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we taught you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+1TH	4	1	p4db	figs-metaphor	δεῖ ὑμᾶς περιπατεῖν	1	it is necessary for you to walk	Here, **walk** is an expression for the way one is to live. Alternate translation: “you ought to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	4	2	vg16	figs-metaphor	διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ	1	through the Lord Jesus	Paul speaks of his instructions as if they were given by **Jesus** himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	4	3	mw4j		ἀπέχεσθαι ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ τῆς πορνείας	1	for you to keep from sexual immorality	“for you to stay away from sexually immoral acts”
+1TH	4	4	f4ux		εἰδέναι…τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σκεῦος, κτᾶσθαι	1	to know how to possess his own vessel	Possible meanings are (1) “know how to live with his own wife” or (2) “know how to control his own body”
 1TH	4	5	x2t7		ἐν πάθει ἐπιθυμίας	1	in the passion of lust	“with wrongful sexual desire”
-1TH	4	6	gn9i	figs-gendernotations	τὸ μὴ	1	no man	Here **man** refers to a man or a woman. “no one” or “no person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 1TH	4	6	a9st	figs-doublet	ὑπερβαίνειν καὶ πλεονεκτεῖν	1	transgress and wrong	This is a doublet stating the same idea in two ways to reinforce the concept. Alternate translation: “do wrong things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 1TH	4	6	q7bf	figs-explicit	ἔκδικος Κύριος	1	the Lord is an avenger	This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the Lord will punish the one who transgressed and will defend the one who was wronged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-1TH	4	6	d1ip		προείπαμεν ὑμῖν καὶ διεμαρτυράμεθα	1	forewarned you and testified	“told you beforehand and strongly warned against”
+1TH	4	6	d1ip		καὶ προείπαμεν ὑμῖν καὶ διεμαρτυράμεθα	1	we also forewarned you and testified	“we also told you beforehand and strongly warned against”
 1TH	4	7	v3np	figs-doublenegatives	οὐ…ἐκάλεσεν ἡμᾶς ὁ Θεὸς ἐπὶ ἀκαθαρσίᾳ, ἀλλ’ ἐν ἁγιασμῷ	1	God did not call us to uncleanness, but to holiness	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “God called us to cleanness and holiness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 1TH	4	7	q4tj	figs-exclusive	οὐ…ἐκάλεσεν ἡμᾶς ὁ Θεὸς	1	God did not call us	The word **us** refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-1TH	4	8	mn5y		ὁ ἀθετῶν	1	he who rejects this	“whoever disregards this teaching” or “whoever ignores this teaching”
-1TH	4	8	su51		ἀθετῶν, οὐκ ἄνθρωπον ἀθετεῖ, ἀλλὰ τὸν Θεὸν	1	rejects not people, but God	Paul stresses that this teaching is not from man, but from God.
+1TH	4	8	mn5y		ὁ ἀθετῶν	1	the one rejecting this	“whoever disregards this teaching” or “whoever ignores this teaching”
+1TH	4	8	su51		ἀθετῶν, οὐκ ἄνθρωπον ἀθετεῖ, ἀλλὰ τὸν Θεὸν	1	rejecting this rejects not man, but God	Paul stresses that this teaching is not from **man**, but from **God**.
 1TH	4	9	uxn8		τῆς φιλαδελφίας	1	brotherly love	“love for fellow believers”
-1TH	4	10	dec9		ποιεῖτε αὐτὸ εἰς πάντας τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς, τοὺς ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ Μακεδονίᾳ	1	you do this for all the brothers who are in all Macedonia	“you show love to the believers throughout Macedonia”
+1TH	4	10	dec9		ποιεῖτε αὐτὸ εἰς πάντας τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς, τοὺς ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ Μακεδονίᾳ	1	you do this to all the brothers who are in all Macedonia	“you show love to all the believers throughout Macedonia”
 1TH	4	10	jcg3		ἀδελφοὺς	1	brothers	Here **brothers** means fellow Christians.
-1TH	4	11	d2fg		φιλοτιμεῖσθαι	1	to aspire	“to try to”
-1TH	4	11	j4c7	figs-metaphor	ἡσυχάζειν	1	live quietly	Paul uses The word **quietly** as a metaphor to describe living at peace in one’s community and not causing strife. Alternate translation: “live in a calm and orderly way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1TH	4	11	jmt9	figs-explicit	πράσσειν τὰ ἴδια	1	take care of your own responsibilities	“do your own work” or “take care of the things that your are responsible to do.” This may also imply that we should not gossip and interfere in other people’s concerns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-1TH	4	11	bz8s	figs-metaphor	ἐργάζεσθαι ταῖς ἰδίαις χερσὶν ὑμῶν	1	work with your hands	This is a metaphor for living a productive life. Alternate translation: “work at your own jobs to earn what you need to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1TH	4	12	hp6g	figs-metaphor	περιπατῆτε εὐσχημόνως	1	walk properly	Here **walk** is a metaphor for “live” or “behave.” Alternate translation: “behave properly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	4	11	d2fg		φιλοτιμεῖσθαι	1	to strive	“to try”
+1TH	4	11	j4c7	figs-metaphor	ἡσυχάζειν	1	to live quietly	Paul uses The word **quietly** as a metaphor to describe living at peace in one’s community and not causing strife. Alternate translation: “live in a calm and orderly way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	4	11	jmt9	figs-explicit	πράσσειν τὰ ἴδια	1	to perform your own things	“to do your own work” or “to take care of the things that your are responsible to do.” This may also imply that we should not gossip and interfere in other people’s concerns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+1TH	4	11	bz8s	figs-metaphor	ἐργάζεσθαι ταῖς ἰδίαις χερσὶν ὑμῶν	1	to work with your own hands	This is a metaphor for living a productive life. Alternate translation: “to work at your own jobs to earn what you need to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	4	12	hp6g	figs-metaphor	περιπατῆτε εὐσχημόνως	1	you may walk properly	Here **walk** is a metaphor for “live” or “behave.” Alternate translation: “you may behave properly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1TH	4	12	yl36		εὐσχημόνως	1	properly	in a way that shows respect to others and earns their respect
-1TH	4	12	k59r	figs-metaphor	πρὸς τοὺς ἔξω	1	before outsiders	Paul speaks of those who do not believer in Christ as if they are outside of a place away from the believers. Alternate translation: “in the sight of those who do not believe in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	4	12	k59r	figs-metaphor	πρὸς τοὺς ἔξω	1	before those outside	Paul speaks of those who do not believer in Christ as if they are outside of a place away from the believers. Alternate translation: “in the sight of those who do not believe in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1TH	4	13	j68e			0	General Information:	Paul talks about believers who have died, who are still alive, and those who will be alive when Christ returns.
-1TH	4	13	d9g4		οὐ θέλομεν…ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν	1	We do not want you to be uninformed	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “We want you to be informed” or “We want you to know”
+1TH	4	13	d9g4		οὐ θέλομεν…ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν	1	we do not want you to be uninformed	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “we want you to be informed” or “we want you to know”
 1TH	4	13	wt7l		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here **brothers** means fellow Christians.
-1TH	4	13	zqz6	figs-euphemism	τῶν κοιμωμένων	1	those who sleep	Here **sleep** is a euphemism for being dead. Alternate translation: “those who have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
-1TH	4	13	r9f8		ἵνα μὴ λυπῆσθε, καθὼς…οἱ λοιποὶ	1	so that you do not grieve like the rest	“because we do not want you grieve like the rest”
-1TH	4	13	qt5b		λυπῆσθε	1	grieve	mourn, be sad about something
-1TH	4	13	rl73	figs-explicit	καθὼς…οἱ λοιποὶ, οἱ μὴ ἔχοντες ἐλπίδα	1	like the rest who do not have hope	“like people who do not confidence in the future promise.” It can be stated clearly what those people do not have confidence about. Alternate translation: “like the people who are not sure that they will rise from the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+1TH	4	13	zqz6	figs-euphemism	τῶν κοιμωμένων	1	those who have fallen asleep	Here to be **asleep** is a euphemism for being dead. Alternate translation: “those who have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
+1TH	4	13	r9f8		ἵνα μὴ λυπῆσθε, καθὼς καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ	1	so that you may not grieve just as also the rest	“because we do not want you grieve like the rest”
+1TH	4	13	qt5b		μὴ λυπῆσθε	1	you may not grieve	to mourn, be sad about something
+1TH	4	13	rl73	figs-explicit	καθὼς καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ, οἱ μὴ ἔχοντες ἐλπίδα	1	just as also the rest who have no hope	“like people who do not confidence in the future promise.” It can be stated clearly what those people do not have confidence about. Alternate translation: “like the people who are not sure that they will rise from the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 1TH	4	14	ybz6	figs-exclusive	εἰ…πιστεύομεν	1	if we believe	Here **we** refers to Paul and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 1TH	4	14	kmk2		ἀνέστη	1	rose again	“rose to live again”
-1TH	4	14	bi9w	figs-euphemism	τοὺς κοιμηθέντας διὰ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ	1	those who have fallen asleep in him	Here **fallen asleep** is a polite way to refer to having died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
-1TH	4	15	ni3m	figs-metonymy	ἐν λόγῳ Κυρίου	1	by the word of the Lord	**Word** here is a metonym for “message.” Alternate translation: “by means of understanding the teachings of the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+1TH	4	14	bi9w	figs-euphemism	τοὺς κοιμηθέντας	1	those who have fallen asleep	Here, **fallen asleep** is a polite way to refer to having died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
+1TH	4	15	ni3m	figs-metonymy	ἐν λόγῳ Κυρίου	1	by the word of the Lord	Here, **word** is a metonym for “message.” Alternate translation: “by means of understanding the teachings of the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 1TH	4	15	b786		εἰς τὴν παρουσίαν τοῦ Κυρίου	1	at the coming of the Lord	“when the Lord returns”
-1TH	4	16	ah7p		αὐτὸς ὁ Κύριος…καταβήσεται	1	the Lord himself will descend	“the Lord himself will come down”
-1TH	4	16	z9ka		ἀρχαγγέλου	1	the archangel	“the chief angel”
-1TH	4	16	dr89	figs-explicit	οἱ νεκροὶ ἐν Χριστῷ ἀναστήσονται πρῶτον	1	the dead in Christ will rise first	The “dead in Christ” are those believers who have passed away. Alternate translation: “those who believe in Jesus Christ, but who have already died, will rise first” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+1TH	4	16	ah7p		αὐτὸς ὁ Κύριος…καταβήσεται	1	the Lord himself … will descend	“the Lord himself … will come down”
+1TH	4	16	z9ka		ἀρχαγγέλου	1	of the archangel	“of the chief angel”
+1TH	4	16	dr89	figs-explicit	οἱ νεκροὶ ἐν Χριστῷ ἀναστήσονται πρῶτον	1	the dead in Christ will rise first	The **dead in Christ** are those believers who have passed away. Alternate translation: “those who believe in Jesus Christ, but who have already died, will rise first” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 1TH	4	17	l5l1	figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς οἱ ζῶντες	1	we who are alive	Here **we** refers to all believers who have not died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 1TH	4	17	wvi8		σὺν αὐτοῖς	1	with them	The word **them** refers to the dead believers who were made alive again.
-1TH	4	17	se1y		ἁρπαγησόμεθα ἐν νεφέλαις εἰς ἀπάντησιν τοῦ Κυρίου εἰς ἀέρα	1	caught up in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air	“meet the Lord Jesus in the sky”
+1TH	4	17	se1y		ἁρπαγησόμεθα ἐν νεφέλαις εἰς ἀπάντησιν τοῦ Κυρίου εἰς ἀέρα	1	will be caught up … in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air	“will be pulled up … to meet the Lord Jesus in the sky”
 1TH	5	intro	ay3d			0		# 1 Thessalonians 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul concludes his letter in a way that was typical of letters in the ancient Near East.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Day of the Lord<br>The exact time of the coming day of the Lord will be a surprise to the world. This is what the simile “like a thief in the night” means. Because of this, Christians are to live prepared for the coming of the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br><br>### Quench the Spirit<br>This means to ignore or work against the Holy Spirit’s guidance and work.
-1TH	5	1	i2vm	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	In this chapter the words “we” and “us” refer to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, unless otherwise noted. Also, The word **you** is plural and refers to the believers at the church of Thessalonica. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
+1TH	5	1	i2vm	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	In this chapter the words “we” and “us” refer to Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, unless otherwise noted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+1TH	5	1	caue	figs-you		0	General Information:	The word **you** is plural and refers to the believers at the church of Thessalonica. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
 1TH	5	1	z1s6			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues talking about the day Jesus will come back.
-1TH	5	1	h84m		τῶν χρόνων καὶ τῶν καιρῶν	1	the times and seasons	This refers to the events preceding the Lord Jesus’ return.
+1TH	5	1	h84m		τῶν χρόνων καὶ τῶν καιρῶν	1	the times and the seasons	This refers to the events preceding the Lord Jesus’ return.
 1TH	5	1	uq3n		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here **brothers** means fellow Christians.
 1TH	5	2	mcq9		ἀκριβῶς	1	perfectly well	“very well” or “accurately”
-1TH	5	2	tmj3	figs-simile	ὡς κλέπτης ἐν νυκτὶ οὕτως	1	like a thief in the night	Just as one does not know which night a thief may come, we do not know when the day of the Lord will come. Alternate translation: “unexpectedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
-1TH	5	3	p1wi		ὅταν λέγωσιν	1	When they say	“When the people say”
+1TH	5	2	tmj3	figs-simile	ὡς κλέπτης ἐν νυκτὶ οὕτως	1	in this manner—like a thief in the night	Just as one does not know which night a **thief** may come, we do not know when the day of the Lord will come. Alternate translation: “unexpectedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
+1TH	5	3	p1wi		ὅταν λέγωσιν	1	When they may say	“When the people may say”
 1TH	5	3	ne9n		τότε αἰφνίδιος…ὄλεθρος	1	then sudden destruction	“then unexpected destruction”
-1TH	5	3	f1xr	figs-simile	ὥσπερ ἡ ὠδὶν τῇ ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσῃ	1	like birth pains in a pregnant woman	Just as a pregnant woman’s birth pains come suddenly and do not stop until the birth is complete, the destruction will come, and people will not escape. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
+1TH	5	3	f1xr	figs-simile	ὥσπερ ἡ ὠδὶν τῇ ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσῃ	1	like having birth pains in the womb	Just as a pregnant woman’s **birth pains** come suddenly and do not stop until the birth is complete, the destruction will come, and people will not escape. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 1TH	5	4	rr9j		ὑμεῖς…ἀδελφοί	1	you, brothers	Here **brothers** means fellow Christians.
-1TH	5	4	b6lv	figs-metaphor	οὐκ ἐστὲ ἐν σκότει	1	are not in darkness	Paul speaks of evil and ignorance about God as if they were darkness. Alternate translation: “you are not unknowing, like people who live in the dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1TH	5	4	elp9	figs-simile	ἵνα ἡ ἡμέρα ὑμᾶς ὡς κλέπτας καταλάβῃ	1	so that the day would overtake you like a thief	The day when the Lord comes should not be a surprise to believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
-1TH	5	5	zp3z	figs-metaphor	πάντες γὰρ ὑμεῖς υἱοὶ φωτός ἐστε, καὶ υἱοὶ ἡμέρας	1	For you are all sons of the light and sons of the day	Paul speaks of the truth as if it were light and day. Alternate translation: “For you know the truth, like people who live in the light, like people during the day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1TH	5	5	d6fm	figs-metaphor	οὐκ ἐσμὲν νυκτὸς οὐδὲ σκότους	1	We are not sons of the night or the darkness	Paul speaks of evil and ignorance about God as if they were darkness. Alternate translation: We are not unknowing, like people who live in the darkness, like people at night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1TH	5	6	us6s	figs-metaphor	μὴ καθεύδωμεν ὡς οἱ λοιποί	1	let us not sleep as the rest do	Paul speaks of spiritual unawareness as if it were sleep. Alternate translation: “let us not be like others who are not aware that Jesus is coming back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1TH	5	6	gu51	figs-exclusive	καθεύδωμεν	1	let us	The word **us** refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-1TH	5	6	d2aj	figs-metaphor	γρηγορῶμεν καὶ νήφωμεν	1	keep watch and be sober	Paul describes spiritual awareness as the opposite of sleep and drunkenness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1TH	5	7	s253	figs-metaphor	οἱ γὰρ καθεύδοντες, νυκτὸς καθεύδουσιν	1	For those who sleep do so at night	Just as when people sleep and do not know what is happening, so the people of this world do not know that Christ will return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1TH	5	7	exa8	figs-metaphor	οἱ μεθυσκόμενοι, νυκτὸς μεθύουσιν	1	those who get drunk do so at night	Paul is stating that it is at night when people become drunk, so when people are unaware of Christ’s return they do not live a self-controlled life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	5	4	b6lv	figs-metaphor	οὐκ ἐστὲ ἐν σκότει	1	are not in darkness	Paul speaks of evil and ignorance about God as if they were **darkness**. Alternate translation: “you are not unknowing, like people who live in the dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	5	4	elp9	figs-simile	ἵνα ἡ ἡμέρα ὑμᾶς ὡς κλέπτας καταλάβῃ	1	so that the day might overtake you like a thief	The **day** when the Lord comes should not be a surprise to believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
+1TH	5	5	zp3z	figs-metaphor	πάντες γὰρ ὑμεῖς υἱοὶ φωτός ἐστε, καὶ υἱοὶ ἡμέρας	1	For you are all sons of the light and sons of the day	Paul speaks of the truth as if it were **light** and **day**. Alternate translation: “For you know the truth, like people who live in the light, like people during the day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	5	5	d6fm	figs-metaphor	οὐκ ἐσμὲν νυκτὸς οὐδὲ σκότους	1	We are not sons of the night nor the darkness	Paul speaks of evil and ignorance about God as if they were **darkness**. Alternate translation: “We are not unknowing, like people who live in the darkness, like people at night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	5	6	us6s	figs-metaphor	μὴ καθεύδωμεν ὡς οἱ λοιποί	1	we might not sleep as the rest do	Paul speaks of spiritual unawareness as if it were sleep. Alternate translation: “let us not be like others who are not aware that Jesus is coming back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	5	6	gu51	figs-exclusive	μὴ καθεύδωμεν	1	we might not sleep	The word **we** refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+1TH	5	6	d2aj	figs-metaphor	γρηγορῶμεν καὶ νήφωμεν	1	we might keep watch and be sober	Paul describes spiritual awareness as the opposite of sleep and drunkenness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	5	7	s253	figs-metaphor	οἱ γὰρ καθεύδοντες, νυκτὸς καθεύδουσιν	1	For those who are sleeping, sleep at night	Just as when people **sleep** and do not know what is happening, so the people of this world do not know that Christ will return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	5	7	exa8	figs-metaphor	οἱ μεθυσκόμενοι, νυκτὸς μεθύουσιν	1	those who are getting drunk, get drunk at night	Paul is stating that it is at night when people become **drunk**, so when people are unaware of Christ’s return they do not live a self-controlled life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1TH	5	8	zj9r	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	In verses 8-10 the word “we” refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-1TH	5	8	wh3g	figs-metaphor	ἡμεῖς…ἡμέρας ὄντες	1	we belong to the day	Paul speaks of knowing the truth about God as belonging to the day. Alternate translation: “we know the truth” or “we have received the light of truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1TH	5	8	i8j1	figs-metaphor	νήφωμεν	1	we must stay sober	Paul compares being sober to exercising self-control. Alternate translation: “let us exercise self-control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1TH	5	8	ev6i	figs-metaphor	ἐνδυσάμενοι θώρακα πίστεως καὶ ἀγάπης	1	put on faith and love as a breastplate	As a soldier would put on a breastplate to protect his body, a believer who lives by faith and love will find protection. Alternate translation: “protect ourselves with faith and love” or “protect ourselves by trusting Christ and loving him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1TH	5	8	fk6r	figs-metaphor	περικεφαλαίαν, ἐλπίδα σωτηρίας	1	the hope of salvation for our helmet	As a helmet protects a soldier’s head, assurance of salvation protects the believer. Alternate translation: “protect ourselves by being certain that Christ will save us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1TH	5	10	w59c	figs-euphemism	εἴτε γρηγορῶμεν εἴτε καθεύδωμεν	1	whether we are awake or asleep	These are polite ways of saying alive or dead. Alternate translation: “whether we are alive or dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
-1TH	5	11	r921	figs-metaphor	οἰκοδομεῖτε εἷς τὸν ἕνα	1	build each other up	Here **build** is a metaphor that means encourage. Alternate translation: “encourage each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	5	8	wh3g	figs-metaphor	ἡμεῖς…ἡμέρας ὄντες	1	we, being of the day	Paul speaks of knowing the truth about God as belonging to the **day**. Alternate translation: “we, knowing the truth” or “we, having received the light of truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	5	8	i8j1	figs-metaphor	νήφωμεν	1	might stay sober	Paul compares being **sober** to exercising self-control. Alternate translation: “should exercise self-control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	5	8	ev6i	figs-metaphor	ἐνδυσάμενοι θώρακα πίστεως καὶ ἀγάπης	1	having put on the breastplate of faith and of love	As a soldier would **put on** a **breastplate** to protect his body, a believer who lives by **faith** and **love** will find protection. Alternate translation: “protect ourselves with faith and love” or “protect ourselves by trusting Christ and loving him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	5	8	fk6r	figs-metaphor	περικεφαλαίαν, ἐλπίδα σωτηρίας	1	the helmet—the hope of salvation	As a **helmet** protects a soldier’s head, assurance of **salvation** protects the believer. Alternate translation: “protect ourselves by being certain that Christ will save us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	5	10	w59c	figs-euphemism	εἴτε γρηγορῶμεν εἴτε καθεύδωμεν	1	whether we might be awake or asleep	These are polite ways of saying alive or dead. Alternate translation: “whether we are alive or dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
+1TH	5	11	r921	figs-metaphor	οἰκοδομεῖτε εἷς τὸν ἕνα	1	build up one the other	Here **build up** is a metaphor that means “encourage.” Alternate translation: “encourage each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1TH	5	12	pd47			0	General Information:	Paul begins to give his final instructions to the church in Thessalonica.
 1TH	5	12	rka4		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here **brothers** means fellow believers.
-1TH	5	12	ksp2		εἰδέναι τοὺς κοπιῶντας	1	to acknowledge those who labor	“to esteem and appreciate those who are involved in leading”
-1TH	5	12	fqh3		προϊσταμένους ὑμῶν ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	who are over you in the Lord	This refers to people God appointed to serve as leaders of the local group of believers.
-1TH	5	13	c966		ἡγεῖσθαι αὐτοὺς ὑπέρ ἐκ περισσοῦ ἐν ἀγάπῃ, διὰ τὸ ἔργον αὐτῶν	1	regard them highly in love because of their work	Paul exhorts the believers to love and esteem their church leaders.
+1TH	5	12	ksp2		εἰδέναι τοὺς κοπιῶντας	1	to acknowledge those who are laboring	“to esteem and appreciate those who are involved in leading”
+1TH	5	12	fqh3		προϊσταμένους ὑμῶν ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	leading you in the Lord	This refers to people God appointed to serve as leaders of the local group of believers.
+1TH	5	13	c966		ἡγεῖσθαι αὐτοὺς ὑπέρἐκπερισσοῦ ἐν ἀγάπῃ, διὰ τὸ ἔργον αὐτῶν	1	to regard them highly in love because of their work	Paul exhorts the believers to **love** and esteem their church leaders.
 1TH	5	16	chw9		πάντοτε χαίρετε	1	Rejoice always	Paul is exhorting the believers to maintain a spiritual attitude of rejoicing in all things.
 1TH	5	17	l63i		ἀδιαλείπτως προσεύχεσθε	1	Pray without ceasing	Paul is exhorting the believers to be vigilant in prayer.
 1TH	5	18	z9gg		ἐν παντὶ εὐχαριστεῖτε	1	In everything give thanks	Paul is exhorting the believers to express thankfulness in all things.
 1TH	5	18	bt5q		ἐν παντὶ	1	In everything	In all circumstances
-1TH	5	18	l3sk		τοῦτο γὰρ θέλημα Θεοῦ	1	For this is the will of God	Paul is referring to the behavior he just mentioned as being God’s will for the believers.
+1TH	5	18	l3sk		τοῦτο γὰρ θέλημα Θεοῦ	1	for this is the will of God	Paul is referring to the behavior he just mentioned as being God’s **will** for the believers.
 1TH	5	19	j1ei		τὸ Πνεῦμα μὴ σβέννυτε	1	Do not quench the Spirit	“Do not stop the Holy Spirit from working among you”
 1TH	5	20	iv1n		προφητείας μὴ ἐξουθενεῖτε	1	Do not despise prophecies	“Do not have contempt for prophecies” or “Do not hate anything the Holy Spirit tells someone”
 1TH	5	21	wx69		πάντα δοκιμάζετε	1	Test all things	“Make sure that all messages that seem to come from God truly come from him”
-1TH	5	21	r12r	figs-metaphor	τὸ καλὸν κατέχετε	1	Hold on to what is good	Paul speaks of messages from the Holy Spirit as if they were objects that one could grasp in his hands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1TH	5	23	gu2c		ἁγιάσαι ὑμᾶς ὁλοτελεῖς	1	make you completely holy	This refers to God making a person sinless and perfect in his sight.
-1TH	5	23	s36k	figs-activepassive	ὁλόκληρον ὑμῶν τὸ πνεῦμα, καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ, καὶ τὸ σῶμα, ἀμέμπτως…τηρηθείη	1	May your whole spirit, soul, and body be preserved without blame	Here **spirit, soul, and body** represent the whole person. If your language does not have three words for these parts you can state it as “your whole life” or “you.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May God make your whole life without sin” or “May God keep you completely blameless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-1TH	5	24	mq2u		πιστὸς ὁ καλῶν ὑμᾶς	1	Faithful is he who calls you	“He is faithful who calls you”
-1TH	5	24	c3jg		ὃς καὶ ποιήσει	1	the one who will also do it	“he will be helping you”
+1TH	5	21	r12r	figs-metaphor	τὸ καλὸν κατέχετε	1	Hold fast to what is good	Paul speaks of messages from the Holy Spirit as if they were objects that one could grasp in his hands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1TH	5	23	gu2c		ἁγιάσαι ὑμᾶς ὁλοτελεῖς	1	may … sanctify you completely	This refers to God making a person sinless and perfect in his sight.
+1TH	5	23	s36k	figs-activepassive	ὁλόκληρον ὑμῶν τὸ πνεῦμα, καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ, καὶ τὸ σῶμα, ἀμέμπτως…τηρηθείη	1	may your entire spirit, and soul, and body be kept blamelessly	Here, **spirit, and soul, and body** represent the whole person. If your language does not have three words for these parts you can state it as “your whole life” or “you.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “may God make your whole life without sin” or “may God keep you completely blameless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+1TH	5	24	mq2u		πιστὸς ὁ καλῶν ὑμᾶς	1	Faithful is he who calls you	“He is faithful who calls you” or “God who calls you is faithful”
+1TH	5	24	c3jg		ὃς καὶ ποιήσει	1	who will also do it	“and he will be helping you”
 1TH	5	25	q8ki			0	General Information:	Paul gives his closing statements.
 1TH	5	26	qa1c		ἀδελφοὺς	1	brothers	Here **brothers** means fellow Christians.
 1TH	5	27	n5cn	figs-activepassive	ἐνορκίζω ὑμᾶς τὸν Κύριον, ἀναγνωσθῆναι τὴν ἐπιστολὴν	1	I solemnly charge you by the Lord to have this letter read	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I urge you, as if the Lord were speaking to you, to have people read this letter” or “With the authority of the Lord I direct you to read this letter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])