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1CO 12 31 vb1m figs-imperative ζηλοῦτε 1 earnestly desire the greater gifts. Here, the word translated **earnestly desire** could be: (1) an command from Paul. Alternate translation: “you should earnestly desire” (2) a statement about what the Corinthians are doing. Alternate translation: “you are earnestly desiring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
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1CO 12 31 vb1m figs-imperative ζηλοῦτε 1 earnestly desire the greater gifts. Here, the word translated **earnestly desire** could be: (1) an command from Paul. Alternate translation: “you should earnestly desire” (2) a statement about what the Corinthians are doing. Alternate translation: “you are earnestly desiring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
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1CO 12 31 jjly figs-irony τὰ χαρίσματα τὰ μείζονα 1 earnestly desire the greater gifts. Here, **greater** could indicate: (1) what Paul thinks are **greater gifts**, which would be the ones that most benefit other believers. Alternate translation: “the gifts that are greater” or “the gifts that help others” (2) what the Corinthians think are the **greater gifts**, which Paul may disagree with. The Corinthians would probably include speaking in tongues as a **greater gift**. If you choose this option, you will need to express **earnestly desire** as a statement, not as an imperative. Alternate translation: “what you think are greater gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
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1CO 12 31 jjly figs-irony τὰ χαρίσματα τὰ μείζονα 1 earnestly desire the greater gifts. Here, **greater** could indicate: (1) what Paul thinks are **greater gifts**, which would be the ones that most benefit other believers. Alternate translation: “the gifts that are greater” or “the gifts that help others” (2) what the Corinthians think are the **greater gifts**, which Paul may disagree with. The Corinthians would probably include speaking in tongues as a **greater gift**. If you choose this option, you will need to express **earnestly desire** as a statement, not as an imperative. Alternate translation: “what you think are greater gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
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1CO 12 31 r4hl figs-pastforfuture ὑμῖν δείκνυμι 1 earnestly desire the greater gifts. Here Paul introduces what he will tell the Corinthians in the next chapter. Use a natural verb tense in your language for referring to what a person is about to say. Alternate translation: “I am going to show you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
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1CO 12 31 r4hl figs-pastforfuture ὑμῖν δείκνυμι 1 earnestly desire the greater gifts. Here Paul introduces what he will tell the Corinthians in the next chapter. Use a natural verb tense in your language for referring to what a person is about to say. Alternate translation: “I am going to show you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
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1CO 13 intro abcg 0 # 1 Corinthians 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n8. On spiritual gifts (12:1–14:40)\n * The necessity of love (13:1–3)\n * The characteristics of love (13:4–7)\n * The enduring nature of love (13:8–13)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Love\n\n(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]])\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Personification\n\n\n### Metaphor\n\n(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n
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1CO 13 intro abcg 0 # 1 Corinthians 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n8. On spiritual gifts (12:1–14:40)\n * The necessity of love (13:1–3)\n * The characteristics of love (13:4–7)\n * The enduring nature of love (13:8–13)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Love\n\nPaul’s main topic in this chapter is love. He speaks about how important it is, what it is like, and how it will endure forever. Much of the time, it seems that he is emphasizing love for other people. However, he likely also has love for God in mind. See the notes for ways to translate the abstract noun “love” if your language does not use an abstract noun for this idea. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]])\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Hypothetical situations\n\nIn [13:1–3](../13/01.md), Paul provides three hypothetical situations. He uses these situations to show how essential love is: no matter what other great things a person can do, they must have love. He uses himself as the character in the situations to avoid making someone else an example of a person who does not have love. Consider natural ways to speak about hypothetical situations in your language. If your readers would be confused when Paul uses “I” in the hypothetical situations, you could use a generic reference to a “person” or “someone” instead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])\n\n### Personification\n\nIn [13:4–8a](../13/04.md), Paul speaks about love as if it were a person who could do things. He speaks in this way because it makes the abstract idea of “love” easier to think about. If your readers would be confused when Paul speaks about love as a person, you could express the idea in another way. See the notes on those verses for translation options. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])\n\n### Child analogy\n\nIn [13:11](../13/11.md), Paul again uses himself as an example. This time he speaks about what he did as a child and what he does as an adult. He speaks in this way to illustrate how some things are appropriate for specific times. For example, speaking like a child is appropriate when one is a child, but it is not appropriate when one is an adult. Paul wishes the Corinthians to apply this reasoning to spiritual gifts and to love. Spiritual gifts are appropriate until Jesus comes back, but then they will no longer be appropriate. On the other hand, love is always appropriate. \n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Non-exhaustive list\n\nIn [13:4–8a](../13/04.md), Paul provides a list of love’s characteristics. While he mentions many things, he does not intend the list to completely define every characteristic of love. Instead, he wishes to show the Corinthians what love is like. Make sure that your translation does not imply that the characteristics that Paul lists are the only characteristics that love has.\n\n### First person singular and plural\n\nIn [13:1–3](../13/01.md), [11](../13/11.md), [12b](../13/12.md), Paul speaks of himself in the first person singular. In [13:9](../13/09.md), [12a](../13/12.md), Paul includes the Corinthians and other believers with himself by using the first person plural. However, the alternation between singular and plural, especially in [13:11–12](../13/11.md), shows that Paul is not drawing any distinctions between his own experiences and those of other believers. Rather, Paul uses himself as an example, but he also wishes to speak about believers in general. If your readers would find switching between first person singular and first person plural to be confusing, you could use the first person plural throughout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])\n
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1CO 13 1 n8lm figs-hypo ἐὰν ταῖς γλώσσαις τῶν ἀνθρώπων λαλῶ καὶ τῶν ἀγγέλων, ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω 1 Connecting Statement: Here Paul is using a hypothetical situation to teach the Corinthians. He wants them to imagine that he could **speak with tongues of men and of angels** but also that he did **not have love**. He uses himself in this hypothetical situation so that he does not offend the Corinthians by using them as an example of people without **love**. Use a natural way in your language to introduce a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “Suppose that I could speak with the tongues of men and of angels, but also suppose that I did not have love.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
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1CO 13 1 n8lm figs-hypo ἐὰν ταῖς γλώσσαις τῶν ἀνθρώπων λαλῶ καὶ τῶν ἀγγέλων, ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω 1 Connecting Statement: Here Paul is using a hypothetical situation to teach the Corinthians. He wants them to imagine that he could **speak with tongues of men and of angels** but also that he did **not have love**. He uses himself in this hypothetical situation so that he does not offend the Corinthians by using them as an example of people without **love**. Use a natural way in your language to introduce a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “Suppose that I could speak with the tongues of men and of angels, but also suppose that I did not have love.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
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1CO 13 1 cm2n figs-metonymy ταῖς γλώσσαις 1 the tongues of … angels Here, **tongues** refers to something that one does with one’s “tongue,” which is speaking a language. If your readers would misunderstand that **tongues** is a way of speaking about “languages,” you could use a comparable term or express the idea non-figuratively. Alternate translation: “with the languages” or “in the words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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1CO 13 1 cm2n figs-metonymy ταῖς γλώσσαις 1 the tongues of … angels Here, **tongues** refers to something that one does with one’s “tongue,” which is speaking a language. If your readers would misunderstand that **tongues** is a way of speaking about “languages,” you could use a comparable term or express the idea non-figuratively. Alternate translation: “with the languages” or “in the words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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1CO 13 1 axzw translate-unknown ταῖς γλώσσαις τῶν ἀνθρώπων…καὶ τῶν ἀγγέλων 1 the tongues of … angels Here Paul refers to two specific categories of **tongues**: those **of men** and those **of angels**. He does not mean that these are the only kinds of **tongues** that exist, but he does think that these two kinds do exist. If your readers would misunderstand **tongues of men and of angels**, you could use a normal way to refer to various human languages and then also modify it so that you can use it for angelic languages. Alternate translation: “foreign languages and angelic languages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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1CO 13 1 axzw translate-unknown ταῖς γλώσσαις τῶν ἀνθρώπων…καὶ τῶν ἀγγέλων 1 the tongues of … angels Here Paul refers to two specific categories of **tongues**: those **of men** and those **of angels**. He does not mean that these are the only kinds of **tongues** that exist, but he does think that these two kinds do exist. If your readers would misunderstand **tongues of men and of angels**, you could use a normal way to refer to various human languages and then also modify it so that you can use it for angelic languages. Alternate translation: “foreign languages and angelic languages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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