front:intro txw3 0 # Introduction to Daniel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Daniel\n\n1. Daniel and his friends in the court of Nebuchadnezzar (1:1–21)\n1. Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s first dream (2:1–49)\n1. Daniel’s friends delivered from the fiery furnace (3:1–30)\n1. Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s second dream (4:1–37)\n1. Belshazzar’s feast and the writing on the wall (5:1-31)\n1. Daniel in the den of lions (6:1–28)\n1. Daniel’s vision of four beasts (7:1–28)\n1. Daniel’s vision of a ram and a goat (8:1–27)\n1. Daniel prays and Gabriel answers (9:1–23)\n1. Daniel’s vision of seventy weeks (9:24–27)\n1. Daniel’s vision of a man (10:1–11:1)\n1. The kings of the south and north (11:2–20)\n1. An evil king exalts himself (11:21-39)\n1. The time of the end (11:40–12:13)\n\n### What is the Book of Daniel about?\n\nThe first part of the Book of Daniel (chapters 1–6) is a narrative about Daniel and his friends. They were young men from Jerusalem who were taken to Babylon as prisoners. These chapters tell how they were faithful to Yahweh while living in a pagan land serving a pagan king. And it tells how God rewarded them because they were faithful.\n\nThe rest of the Book of Daniel is a series of prophetic visions. Chapters 7 and 8 deal with images representing the kingdoms and kings of the major nations. Chapters 9–11 are prophecies and visions about wars and a type of the great enemy of God appearing. Chapter 12 is a vision that describes end times.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe traditional title of this book is “The Book of Daniel” or just “Daniel.” Translators may call it “The Book About Daniel” or “The Book About the Deeds and Visions of Daniel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Daniel?\n\nDaniel was a Jew who became a Babylonian government official during the exile. He may have written the book himself. Or he may have written the parts of the book and someone else put the parts together at a later time.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### Is there a missing week in Daniel’s prophecy?\n\nScholars disagree about what may appear to be a missing week in 9:24-27. It is best for translators to allow apparent mysteries such as this to remain in the text. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalyptic]])\n\n### When did the seventy weeks begin?\n\nThe seventy weeks in 9:24-27 began when a decree was issued to rebuild the city of Jerusalem. But there were several decrees that allowed this to happen. Translators do not need to understand how prophecies were or will be fulfilled to translate the text.\n\n### Who was Darius the Mede?\n\nDarius the Mede was a Babylonian king who sent Daniel into a den of lions. People have not found his name in history outside of the Book of Daniel. Scholars have tried to explain who Darius was, but they are not certain.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### How does Daniel use the word “king”?\n\nMany kings are in the Book of Daniel, but not all of the kings ruled over all of Babylon or Persia. Some of the kings may have ruled over regions or cities.\n\n### How many chapters does Daniel have?\n\nDaniel has twelve chapters. Some Bible versions include stories called “Bel and the Dragon” and “The Prayer of Azariah.” However, few people think that these stories have the same authority as the rest of scripture. Therefore, there is no need to translate them.
1:intro p1ev 0 # Daniel 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### Training for government jobs\n\nDaniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were chosen to be trained for service in the Babylonian kingdom. It was not unusual for foreigners to be given positions in the Babylonian government as advisors or cultural ambassadors.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Food laws\n\nThe food from the king included things the Jews were not allowed to eat according to the law of Moses. Daniel requested permission not to eat the king’s food. He proved to the king that this food was not necessary for good health. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
1:1 sxi6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche יְהוֹיָקִ֣ים מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֑ה 1 This refers to **Jehoiakim** and his soldiers, not only to Jehoiakim. Alternate translation: “the army of Jehoiakim king of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:1 x9t9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֧ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל 1 This refers to **Nebuchadnezzar** and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:1 cps4 וַיָּ֥צַר עָלֶֽיהָ 1 Alternate translation: “to stop the people from receiving any supplies”
1:2 w31y בְּיָד֜וֹ 1 God gave to Nebuchadnezzar
1:2 l12t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וַיְבִיאֵ֥ם & הֵבִ֔יא 1 Although Nebuchadnezzar did not do these things alone, it may easier for the reader to retain the singular pronouns. Alternate translation: “They brought them … they placed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:2 tb9l וַיְבִיאֵ֥ם 1 Here **them** probably refers to Jehoiakim and other prisoners, as well as the sacred objects.
1:2 riv5 אוֹצַ֥ר אֱלֹהָֽיו 1 This was an act of devotion to **his god**.
1:3 c2p4 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 This refers to Nebuchadnezzar.
1:3 pba3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לְאַשְׁפְּנַ֖ז 1 **Ashpenaz** is the chief official. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:4 j6vw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes אֵֽין־בָּהֶ֣ם כָּל־מאום 1 These two negative words together emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “who had perfect appearance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1:4 ki41 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְיֹ֤דְעֵי דַ֨עַת֙ וּמְבִינֵ֣י מַדָּ֔ע 1 This is an idiom. This means they knew much and could organize and use that information. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1:4 im8m בְּהֵיכַ֣ל הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 This is the large house or building where the king lives.
1:4 gg5x וּֽלֲלַמְּדָ֥ם 1 Alternate translation: “and Ashpenaz was to teach them”
1:5 v9dg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַיְמַן֩ לָהֶ֨ם הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ 1 The king’s officials did this task for him. Alternate translation: “The king’s officials counted out for them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:5 vq2i מִפַּת־בַּ֤ג 1 the special, rare, good foods that the king ate
1:5 bj35 וּֽלְגַדְּלָ֖ם 1 Alternate translation: “They were to be taught skills”
1:5 ex12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּֽלְגַדְּלָ֖ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Ashpenaz was to train these young men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1:6 ln29 בָהֶ֖ם 1 Alternate translation: “Among the young men from Israel”
1:7 k7uc שַׂ֥ר הַסָּרִיסִ֖ים 1 This refers to Ashpenaz who was King Nebuchadnezzar’s highest official.
1:7 b656 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בֵּ֣לְטְשַׁאצַּ֗ר & שַׁדְרַ֔ךְ & מֵישַׁ֔ךְ & עֲבֵ֥ד נְגֽוֹ 1 These are all men’s names. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:8 s7sr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וַיָּ֤שֶׂם דָּנִיֵּאל֙ עַל־לִבּ֔וֹ 1 Here **heart** refers to Daniel himself. Alternate translation: “Daniel decided to himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:8 xse9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹֽא־יִתְגָּאַ֛ל 1 To **defile** something is to make is unclean. Some of the food and drink of the Babylonians would make Daniel ceremonially unclean according to God’s law. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “make himself unclean according to God’s law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1:8 e52r בְּפַתְבַּ֥ג 1 This refers to the special, rare, good foods that the king ate. See how you translated this in [Daniel 1:3](../01/03.md).
1:10 wc2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion לָמָּה֩ יִרְאֶ֨ה אֶת־פְּנֵיכֶ֜ם זֹֽעֲפִ֗ים מִן־הַיְלָדִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר כְּגִֽילְכֶ֔ם 1 The official uses this question to explain what he thought would happen. It can be a statement. Alternate translation: “He does not want to see you looking worse than the other young men of your own age.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:10 n5lc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְחִיַּבְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־רֹאשִׁ֖י לַמֶּֽלֶךְ 1 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Then the king might cut off my head” or “Then the king might kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1:13 m7rh וְיֵרָא֤וּ לְפָנֶ֨יךָ֙ מַרְאֵ֔ינוּ וּמַרְאֵה֙ הַיְלָדִ֔ים 1 Daniel asked the steward to see if he and his friends looked worse than the other young men. Alternate translation: “Then compare our appearance to see if it is worse than the appearance of the young men”
1:14 thm2 וַיְנַסֵּ֖ם 1 He tested Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah.
1:15 h7dv מַרְאֵיהֶם֙ & וּבְרִיאֵ֖י 1 Here **their** and **they** refer to Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah.
1:15 pj6p וּבְרִיאֵ֖י בָּשָׂ֑ר 1 This means to have been made healthy from what you have eaten.
1:16 uzg5 אֶת־פַּתְבָּגָ֔ם & מִשְׁתֵּיהֶ֑ם & וְנֹתֵ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם 1 The pronouns **their**, *they**, and **them** refer to Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah.
1:17 das8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns נָתַ֨ן לָהֶ֧ם הָֽאֱלֹהִ֛ים מַדָּ֥ע וְהַשְׂכֵּ֖ל 1 This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns **knowledge** and **insight** can be expressed as the verbs “learn” and “understand.” Alternate translation: “God gave them the ability to learn and understand clearly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1:17 wn6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole בְּכָל־סֵ֣פֶר וְחָכְמָ֑ה 1 Here “all” is a generalization to show that they had a very good education and understanding. Alternate translation: “in many things that the Babylonians had written and studied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1:19 ita9 וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אִתָּם֮ הַמֶּלֶךְ֒ 1 The king spoke with the “four young men” ([Daniel 1:17](../01/17.md)).
1:19 u1am rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes וְלֹ֤א נִמְצָא֙ מִכֻּלָּ֔ם כְּדָנִיֵּ֣אל חֲנַנְיָ֔ה מִֽישָׁאֵ֖ל וַעֲזַרְיָ֑ה 1 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah pleased him much more than anyone else in the whole group” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1:19 e2m3 כְּדָנִיֵּ֣אל חֲנַנְיָ֔ה מִֽישָׁאֵ֖ל וַעֲזַרְיָ֑ה 1 These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:6](../01/06.md).
1:20 f5x8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole עֶ֣שֶׂר יָד֗וֹת עַ֤ל 1 Here **ten times** is an exaggeration representing great quality. Alternate translation: “much better” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1:21 jhp9 שְׁנַ֥ת אַחַ֖ת לְכ֥וֹרֶשׁ הַמֶּֽלֶךְ 1 Alternate translation: “the first year that King Cyrus ruled Babylon”
2:intro epd5 0 # Daniel 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in Daniel’s prayer in 2:20-23.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The king’s dream\n\nDaniel told the king’s dream and what the dream meant. In the ancient Near East, it was believed that only people in touch with the gods could interpret dreams. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])\n\n### How Daniel knew the dream\n\nDaniel gave Yahweh the honor for having told him the dream and its meaning in answer to the prayers of the four men.
2:1 xw34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַתִּתְפָּ֣עֶם רוּח֔וֹ 1 Here **spirit** refers to his thoughts. Alternate translation: “His thoughts disturbed him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:1 g67b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּשְׁנָת֖וֹ נִהְיְתָ֥ה עָלָֽיו 1 This is an idiom that means his troubled thoughts prevented him from sleeping. Alternate translation: “so that he could not sleep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2:2 n5gn וַיָּבֹ֕אוּ 1 Alternate translation: “So they came into the palace”
2:2 x5f6 וַיַּֽעַמְד֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י 1 Alternate translation: “and stood in front of”
2:3 q4dv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וַתִּפָּ֣עֶם רוּחִ֔י 1 Here **spirit** refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “I am troubled” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2:4 k6f2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֲרָמִ֑ית 1 **Aramaic** was the language that people in Babylon spoke. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:4 b8zx מַלְכָּא֙ לְעָלְמִ֣ין חֱיִ֔י 1 The men probably said this to show the king that they were loyal to him. Alternate translation: “King, we hope you will live forever!”
2:4 n36i לעבדיך 1 The men called themselves the king’s **servants** to show him respect.
2:4 cba4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive נְחַוֵּֽא 1 Here the word **we** refers to the men that the king is speaking to and does not include the king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2:5 nw8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הַדָּמִין֙ תִּתְעַבְד֔וּן וּבָתֵּיכ֖וֹן נְוָלִ֥י יִתְּשָׂמֽוּן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will command my soldiers to tear your bodies apart and to make your houses into rubbish heaps” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:6 xv1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מַתְּנָ֤ן וּנְבִזְבָּה֙ וִיקָ֣ר שַׂגִּ֔יא תְּקַבְּל֖וּן מִן־קֳדָמָ֑י 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give you gifts, a reward, and great honor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:7 ux2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person מַלְכָּ֕א חֶלְמָ֛א יֵאמַ֥ר לְעַבְד֖וֹהִי 1 The wise men addressed the king in the third person as a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2:8 h6gf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חֲזֵית֔וֹן דִּ֥י אַזְדָּ֖א מִנִּ֥י מִלְּתָֽא 1 A decision that will not be changed is spoken of as something firm. Alternate translation: “you see that I will not change my decision about this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:9 ef89 חֲדָה־הִ֣יא דָֽתְכ֗וֹן 1 Alternate translation: “there is only one punishment for you”
2:9 xj29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet וּמִלָּ֨ה כִדְבָ֤ה וּשְׁחִיתָה֙ 1 These two words mean approximately the same thing and emphasize that these are “lies intended to deceive.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2:10 m1jc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet רַ֣ב וְשַׁלִּ֔יט 1 These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of the king’s power. Alternate translation: “most powerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2:11 n99m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes וְאָחֳרָן֙ לָ֣א אִיתַ֔י דִּ֥י יְחַוִּנַּ֖הּ קֳדָ֣ם מַלְכָּ֑א לָהֵ֣ן אֱלָהִ֔ין 1 This is stated in negative form for emphasis. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “and only the gods can tell this to the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
2:12 xu8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet בְּנַ֖ס וּקְצַ֣ף שַׂגִּ֑יא 1 These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: “was incredibly angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2:12 y1cf לְכֹ֖ל חַכִּימֵ֥י בָבֶֽל 1 Alternate translation: “all the men in Babylon”
2:13 w1hk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְדָתָ֣א נֶפְקַ֔ת 1 The decree is spoken of as if it was alive and able to go out by itself. Alternate translation: “So the king issued a command” or “So the king gave a command” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2:13 m5cr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְחַכִּֽימַיָּ֖א מִֽתְקַטְּלִ֑ין 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the soldiers were to kill all of the wise men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:14 fm3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet עֵטָ֣א וּטְעֵ֔ם 1 These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of his prudence. Alternate translation: “with caution and careful judgment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2:14 cj8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לְאַרְי֕וֹךְ 1 **Arioch** was the name of the king’s commander. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:14 a4fa טַבָּחַיָּ֖א 1 This is a group of men whose job is to protect the king.
2:16 ju9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְדָ֣נִיֵּ֔אל עַ֖ל 1 Daniel probably went to the palace. Alternate translation: “Then Daniel went to the palace” or “Then Daniel went to talk with the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2:17 bbc8 לְבַיְתֵ֣הּ 1 This is referring to Daniel’s house.
2:17 ijt3 מִלְּתָ֥א 1 Alternate translation: “the king’s decree”
2:18 yhz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive דִּ֣י לָ֤א יְהֹֽבְדוּן֙ דָּנִיֵּ֣אל וְחַבְר֔וֹהִי 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that the king would not kill Daniel and his companions” or “so that the king’s soldiers would not kill Daniel and his companions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:19 nq22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive רָזָ֣ה גֲלִ֑י 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God revealed the mystery” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:19 s94i רָזָ֣ה 1 This is referring to the king’s dream and its meaning.
2:20 e8z9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֶהֱוֵ֨א שְׁמֵ֤הּ דִּֽי־אֱלָהָא֙ מְבָרַ֔ךְ 1 Here **name** refers to God himself. Alternate translation: “Praise God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:23 e5yc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 # General Information:\n\nThis verse is also part of Daniel’s prayer. He stops addressing God in the third person and switches to the more personal second person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2:23 b3ga הֽוֹדַעְתַּ֨נִי֙ דִּֽי־בְעֵ֣ינָא מִנָּ֔ךְ 1 Alternate translation: “you told me what my friends and I asked you to tell us”
2:23 x268 מִלַּ֥ת מַלְכָּ֖א הוֹדַעְתֶּֽנָא 1 Alternate translation: “you told us what the king wants to know”
2:24 le8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אַרְי֔וֹךְ 1 **Arioch** was the name of the king’s commander. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 2:14](../02/14.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:26 z3qq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּ֑ר 1 **Belteshazzar** was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:27 r8dh רָזָה֙ דִּֽי־מַלְכָּ֣א שָׁאֵ֔ל 1 This phrase refers to the king’s dream.
2:29 as3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְגָלֵ֧א רָזַיָּ֛א 1 This phrase refers to God. Alternate translation: “and God, who reveals mysteries” or “and God, who makes mysteries known” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2:30 v6bt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive רָזָ֥א דְנָ֖ה גֱּלִ֣י לִ֑י 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God revealed this mystery to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:30 ca22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְרַעְיוֹנֵ֥י לִבְבָ֖ךְ תִּנְדַּֽע 1 Here **your mind** refers to the king. Alternate translation: “so that you may know your deepest thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2:34 e77j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הִתְגְּזֶ֤רֶת אֶ֨בֶן֙ דִּי־לָ֣א בִידַ֔יִן 1 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone, not a human, cut a stone from a mountain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:35 si32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּע֣וּר מִן־אִדְּרֵי־קַ֔יִט וּנְשָׂ֤א הִמּוֹן֙ רוּחָ֔א 1 This phrase is comparing the pieces of the statue to small and light things which could be blown away by the wind. Alternate translation: “like dry pieces of grass blowing away in the wind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2:35 fe57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes וְכָל־אֲתַ֖ר לָא־הִשְׁתֲּכַ֣ח לְה֑וֹן 1 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “so that they were completely gone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
2:35 nfy2 וּמְלָ֥ת כָּל־אַרְעָֽא 1 Alternate translation: “and spread over the whole earth”
2:36 utl6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns נֵאמַ֥ר 1 Here **we** refers only to Daniel. He may have used to plural form in humility to avoid taking credit for knowing the meaning of the dream that God had revealed to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
2:37 e2xg מֶ֖לֶךְ מַלְכַיָּ֑א 1 Alternate translation: “are the most important king” or “are a king who rules over other kings”
2:37 gfj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חִסְנָ֛א וְתָקְפָּ֥א 1 These words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2:38 lz1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יְהַ֣ב בִּידָ֔ךְ 1 Here **hand** refers to control. Alternate translation: “he has given you control over them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:38 flm9 וְעוֹף־שְׁמַיָּא֙ 1 Here **heavens** is used in the sense of “skies.”
2:38 ffq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage אַנְתְּה־ה֔וּא רֵאשָׁ֖ה דִּ֥י דַהֲבָֽא 1 In the king’s dream the statue’s head represents the king. Alternate translation: “The golden head symbolizes you” or “The golden head is a symbol of you and your power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
2:39 t5ct rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תְּק֛וּם מַלְכ֥וּ אָחֳרִ֖י 1 In the king’s dream his kingdom is gold so an inferior kingdom would be silver. Alternate translation: “another kingdom, which is of silver, will arise” or “another kingdom, which is represented by the silver parts of the statue, will arise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2:39 c45r rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage וּמַלְכ֨וּ תליתיא אָחֳרִי֙ דִּ֣י נְחָשָׁ֔א 1 This is symbolic language where the bronze of parts of the statue represent a future kingdom. Alternate translation: “then still another kingdom, which is represented by the bronze parts of the statue” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
2:40 q2dl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal וּמַלְכוּ֙ רביעיה תֶּהֱוֵ֥א 1 “Then there will be a kingdom number four” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2:40 d7bf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile תַקִּיפָ֖ה כְּפַרְזְלָ֑א 1 The fourth kingdom is spoken of as being as **strong as iron**. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2:40 rjj2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage כָּל־אִלֵּ֖ין תַּדִּ֥ק וְתֵרֹֽעַ 1 This symbolic language means the fourth kingdom will defeat and replace the other kingdoms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
2:40 qn2j כָּל־אִלֵּ֖ין 1 Alternate translation: “the previous kingdoms”
2:41 lp4z וְדִֽי־חֲזַ֜יְתָה 1 Nebuchadnezzar **saw** that the feet consisted of clay and iron. He did not see the process of making the feet.
2:43 c3hf וְלָֽא־לֶהֱוֺ֥ן דָּבְקִ֖ין דְּנָ֣ה עִם־דְּנָ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “but they will not remain united”
2:44 fan9 וּֽבְיוֹמֵיה֞וֹן דִּ֧י מַלְכַיָּ֣א אִנּ֗וּן 1 Here **those kings** refers to the rulers of the kingdoms symbolized by the different parts of the statue.
2:44 d96c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive דִּ֤י לְעָלְמִין֙ לָ֣א תִתְחַבַּ֔ל וּמַ֨לְכוּתָ֔ה לְעַ֥ם אָחֳרָ֖ן לָ֣א תִשְׁתְּבִ֑ק 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that no one will ever destroy, and that another people never conquer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:45 u69a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מִטּוּרָא֩ אִתְגְּזֶ֨רֶת אֶ֜בֶן דִּי־לָ֣א בִידַ֗יִן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone cut a stone from the mountain, but it was not a human who cut it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:46 hb4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction נְפַ֣ל עַל־אַנְפּ֔וֹהִי 1 This symbolic act showed that the king was honoring Daniel. Alternate translation: “lay down with his face on the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2:46 xf46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּמִנְחָה֙ וְנִ֣יחֹחִ֔ין אֲמַ֖ר לְנַסָּ֥כָה לֵֽהּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he ordered his servants to make an offering and to offer up incense to Daniel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:47 jz9s מִן־קְשֹׁט֙ דִּ֣י אֱלָהֲכ֗וֹן 1 Alternate translation: “It is true that your God”
2:47 q3ru אֱלָ֧הּ אֱלָהִ֛ין וּמָרֵ֥א מַלְכִ֖ין 1 Alternate translation: “greater than all the other gods, and King over all other kings”
2:47 ifr1 וְגָלֵ֣ה רָזִ֑ין 1 Translate **the one who reveals mysteries** as in [Daniel 2:29](../02/29.md).
2:47 h6md לְמִגְלֵ֖א רָזָ֥ה דְנָֽה 1 Alternate translation: “to reveal the mystery of my dream”
2:48 lz5p וְהַ֨שְׁלְטֵ֔הּ 1 Alternate translation: “and the king made Daniel the ruler”
2:49 pp5r לְשַׁדְרַ֥ךְ מֵישַׁ֖ךְ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֑וֹ 1 These were the Babylonian names of the three Jewish men who were brought to Babylon with Daniel. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md)
3:intro fc6f 0 # Daniel 3 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The king’s new idol\n\nShadrach, Meshach, and Abednego refused to worship the new idol. In the ancient Near East, refusing to worship the king was a sign of rebellion against the king. It was often considered the crime of treason. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]])\n\n### The furnace\n\nThere was a fourth person with them in the furnace, and because of this they were not hurt. Most scholars believe this to be Jesus before he was born.
3:1 vj2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֣ר מַלְכָּ֗א עֲבַד֙ צְלֵ֣ם דִּֽי־דְהַ֔ב & אֲקִימֵהּ֙ 1 Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to make a gold statue … They set it up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:1 l4e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance רוּמֵהּ֙ אַמִּ֣ין שִׁתִּ֔ין פְּתָיֵ֖הּ אַמִּ֣ין שִׁ֑ת 1 A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “that was about 27 meters tall and almost 3 meters wide” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
3:1 r51y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּבִקְעַ֣ת דּוּרָ֔א 1 This is a location within the kingdom of Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:2 pj4s לַֽאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּ֡א סִגְנַיָּ֣א וּֽפַחֲוָתָ֡א 1 These are officials who have authority over different sizes of territory.
3:2 yr48 גְדָ֨בְרַיָּ֤א 1 These officials are in charge of money.
3:3 qh6f אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּ֡א סִגְנַיָּ֣א וּֽפַחֲוָתָ֡א 1 See how you translated this list in [Daniel 3:2](../03/02.md).
3:4 huk2 וְכָרוֹזָ֖א 1 A **herald** is an official messenger for the king.
3:4 z125 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לְכ֤וֹן אָֽמְרִין֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “The king commands you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:4 by5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַֽמְמַיָּ֔א אֻמַּיָּ֖א וְלִשָּׁנַיָּֽא 1 Here **nations** and **languages** represent people from different nations who speak different languages. Alternate translation: “O people from different nations and who speak different languages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:5 mml9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction תִּפְּל֤וּן וְתִסְגְּדוּן֙ 1 Alternate translation: “you must stretch yourselves out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3:5 c6tz תִּפְּל֤וּן 1 Here **fall down** means “quickly lie down.”
3:6 z9s5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּמַן־דִּי־לָ֥א יִפֵּ֖ל וְיִסְגֻּ֑ד בַּהּ־שַׁעֲתָ֣א יִתְרְמֵ֔א לְגֽוֹא־אַתּ֥וּן נוּרָ֖א יָקִֽדְתָּֽא 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But the soldiers will throw into a blazing furnace anyone who does not fall down and worship the statue at the very moment they hear the music” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:6 xue4 לָ֥א יִפֵּ֖ל 1 Here **fall down** means “quickly lie down”
3:6 x9ik אַתּ֥וּן נוּרָ֖א יָקִֽדְתָּֽא 1 This is a large room filled with a hot fire.
3:7 i26f קַרְנָא֩ מַשְׁר֨וֹקִיתָ֜א קיתרס שַׂבְּכָא֙ פְּסַנְטֵרִ֔ין 1 These are musical instruments. See how you translated these words in [Daniel 3:5](../03/05.md).
3:7 x2pp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole כָּֽל־עַֽמְמַיָּ֜א אֻמַיָּ֣א וְלִשָּׁנַיָּ֗א 1 Here **all** that means all the people who were present. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
3:7 y1q9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַֽמְמַיָּ֜א אֻמַיָּ֣א וְלִשָּׁנַיָּ֗א 1 Here **nations** and **languages** represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who spoke different languages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:7 vyk5 נָֽפְלִ֨ין 1 Here **fell down** means “quickly lay down”
3:7 xg6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction נָֽפְלִ֨ין & סָֽגְדִין֙ 1 They did this to worship the statue. Alternate translation: “stretched themselves out on the ground face down to worship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3:7 mi49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְצֶ֣לֶם דַּהֲבָ֔א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ים נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֥ר מַלְכָּֽא 1 Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the golden statue that King Nebuchadnezzar’s men had set up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:8 vy1k כָּל־קֳבֵ֤ל דְּנָה֙ 1 This word is used to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer tells about some new people in the story.
3:9 hf48 מַלְכָּ֖א לְעָלְמִ֥ין חֱיִֽי 1 This was a common greeting to the king.
3:10 dzb5 קַרְנָ֣א מַ֠שְׁרֹקִיתָא קיתרס שַׂבְּכָ֤א פְסַנְתֵּרִין֙ וסיפניה 1 These are musical instruments. See how you translated some of these words in [Daniel 3:5](../03/05.md).
3:10 jiv5 יִפֵּ֥ל 1 Here **fall down** means “quickly lie down”
3:10 h3iu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction יִפֵּ֥ל וְיִסְגֻּ֖ד 1 The people would do this to **worship** the statue. Alternate translation: “must stretch himself out on the ground face down to worship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3:11 u6bm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּמַן־דִּי־לָ֥א יִפֵּ֖ל וְיִסְגֻּ֑ד יִתְרְמֵ֕א לְגֽוֹא־אַתּ֥וּן נוּרָ֖א יָקִֽדְתָּֽא 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But your soldiers must throw into a blazing furnace anyone who does not lie down on the ground and worship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:11 qdc6 לָ֥א יִפֵּ֖ל 1 Here **fall down** means “quickly lie down”
3:11 p2l2 אַתּ֥וּן נוּרָ֖א יָקִֽדְתָּֽא 1 This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
3:12 anm2 שַׁדְרַ֥ךְ מֵישַׁ֖ךְ וַעֲבֵ֣ד 1 These are the Babylonian names of the three Jewish friends of Daniel. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md).
3:12 ejy1 לָא־שָׂ֨מֽוּ עליך & טְעֵ֔ם 1 Alternate translation: “do not pay attention to you”
3:12 a7m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּלְצֶ֧לֶם דַּהֲבָ֛א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ימְתָּ & סָגְדִֽין 1 Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “or worship the golden statue your men have set up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:13 jjl4 לְשַׁדְרַ֥ךְ מֵישַׁ֖ךְ וַעֲבֵ֣ד 1 These are the Babylonian names of the three Jewish friends of Daniel. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md).
3:14 t6f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הֲקֵ֖ימֶת 1 Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “my men have set up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:15 kak3 קַרְנָ֣א מַשְׁרוֹקִיתָ֣א קיתרס שַׂבְּכָ֡א פְּסַנְתֵּרִין֩ וְסוּמְפֹּ֨נְיָ֜ה 1 These are musical instruments. See how you translated this list in [Daniel 3:5](../03/05.md).
3:15 l9el תִּפְּל֣וּן 1 Here **fall down** means “quickly lie down”
3:15 ws27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction תִּפְּל֣וּן וְתִסְגְּדוּן֮ 1 Alternate translation: “stretch yourselves out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3:15 td6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְצַלְמָ֣א דִֽי־עַבְדֵת֒ 1 Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the statue that my men have made, all will be well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:15 vth1 עַבְדֵת֒ 1 Alternate translation: “I have made, there will no longer be a problem” or “I have made, you will be free to go”
3:15 gz3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בַּהּ־שַׁעֲתָ֣ה תִתְרְמ֔וֹן לְגֽוֹא־אַתּ֥וּן נוּרָ֖א יָקִֽדְתָּ֑א 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my soldiers will immediately throw you into a blazing furnace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:15 sl8a אַתּ֥וּן נוּרָ֖א יָקִֽדְתָּ֑א 1 This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
3:15 z8gt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וּמַן־ה֣וּא אֱלָ֔הּ דֵּ֥י יְשֵֽׁיזְבִנְכ֖וֹן מִן־יְדָֽי 1 The king does not expect an answer. He is threatening the three men. Alternate translation: “No god is able to rescue you from my power!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:15 hw83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִן־יְדָֽי 1 Here **hands** refers to power to punish. Alternate translation: “from my punishment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:17 d2kc אַתּ֨וּן נוּרָ֧א יָקִֽדְתָּ֛א 1 This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
3:17 sj5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּמִן־יְדָ֥ךְ 1 Here “hand” refers to power to punish. Alternate translation: “and … from your punishment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:18 mc1d וְהֵ֣ן לָ֔א יְדִ֥יעַ לֶהֱוֵא־לָ֖ךְ מַלְכָּ֑א דִּ֤י 1 Alternate translation: “But king, we must let you know that even if our God does not rescue us”
3:18 iq7t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּלְצֶ֧לֶם דַּהֲבָ֛א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ימְתָּ 1 Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “or … the golden statue your men set up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:19 bt7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֜ר הִתְמְלִ֣י חֱמָ֗א 1 The king was so angry that rage is spoken of as if it were filling him up. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar became extremely angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:19 e99g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עָנֵ֤ה וְאָמַר֙ לְמֵזֵ֣א לְאַתּוּנָ֔א חַ֨ד־שִׁבְעָ֔ה עַ֛ל דִּ֥י חֲזֵ֖ה לְמֵזְיֵֽהּ 1 Here **seven times more than it was normally heated** is an idiom that means to make it very much hotter. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He commanded his men to make the furnace very much hotter than they normally make it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:21 r7tt וְכַרְבְּלָתְה֖וֹן 1 These **hats** were head covering made of wrapped cloth.
3:21 xya5 אַתּ֥וּן נוּרָ֖א יָקִֽדְתָּֽא 1 This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
3:22 v2v9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מִן־דִּ֞י מִלַּ֤ת מַלְכָּא֙ מַחְצְפָ֔ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because the men quickly did what the king commanded” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:24 kzd8 הֲלָא֩ גֻבְרִ֨ין תְּלָתָ֜א רְמֵ֤ינָא לְגוֹא־נוּרָא֙ מְכַפְּתִ֔ין 1 Alternate translation: “We threw three men tied up into the fire, right?”
3:25 gy5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal וְרֵוֵהּ֙ דִּ֣י רביעיא דָּמֵ֖ה לְבַר־אֱלָהִֽין 1 The gods were believed to shine brightly with light. Alternate translation: “Man four is shining brightly with light as a son of the gods would shine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3:27 ru5i אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּ֞א סִגְנַיָּ֣א וּפַחֲוָתָא֮ 1 These are officials who have authority over different sizes of territory. See how you translated these in [Daniel 3:2](../03/02.md).
3:27 g7e8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּשְׂעַ֤ר רֵֽאשְׁהוֹן֙ לָ֣א הִתְחָרַ֔ךְ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the fire had not singed the hair on their heads” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:27 jr79 לָ֣א הִתְחָרַ֔ךְ 1 Alternate translation: “was not burned even a little”
3:27 nuu7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְסָרְבָּלֵיה֖וֹן לָ֣א שְׁנ֑וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the fire did not harm their robes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:27 hv4b וְרֵ֣יחַ נ֔וּר לָ֥א עֲדָ֖ת בְּהֽוֹן 1 Alternate translation: “and they did not smell like fire”
3:28 x5ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּמִלַּ֤ת מַלְכָּא֙ שַׁנִּ֔יו 1 Not obeying the king’s command is spoken of as if they had physically moved it away from them. Alternate translation: “and they ignored my command” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:28 uld8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וִיהַ֣בוּ גשמיהון 1 This phrase refers to the three men’s willingness to die for what they believed. Alternate translation: “and they were willing to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3:28 s95d לְכָל־אֱלָ֔הּ לָהֵ֖ן לֵאלָֽהֲהֽוֹן 1 Alternate translation: “any other god except their God”
3:29 pnl6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כָל־עַ֨ם אֻמָּ֜ה וְלִשָּׁ֗ן דִּֽי־יֵאמַ֤ר שלה עַ֣ל אֱלָהֲה֗וֹן דִּֽי־שַׁדְרַ֤ךְ מֵישַׁךְ֙ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֔וֹא הַדָּמִ֣ין יִתְעֲבֵ֔ד וּבַיְתֵ֖הּ נְוָלִ֣י יִשְׁתַּוֵּ֑ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my servants will tear apart any people, nation, or language that speaks anything offensive against the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego and will tear them limb from limb and make their houses into piles of garbage” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:29 h7gq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כָל־עַ֨ם אֻמָּ֜ה וְלִשָּׁ֗ן דִּֽי־יֵאמַ֤ר 1 Here **nation** and **language** represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “any people from any nation, or those who speak any language that says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:29 qb3c יֵאמַ֤ר שלה עַ֣ל אֱלָהֲה֗וֹן 1 Alternate translation: “speaks words that do not respect the God”
3:29 t5vb הַדָּמִ֣ין יִתְעֲבֵ֔ד 1 Alternate translation: “must have their bodies torn apart”
3:29 lw5h לָ֤א אִיתַי֙ אֱלָ֣ה אָחֳרָ֔ן דִּֽי־יִכֻּ֥ל לְהַצָּלָ֖ה כִּדְנָֽה 1 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “only their God is able to save like this”
4:intro du52 0 # Daniel 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 4:3 and 4:34-35.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The king becomes insane\n\nThe king became insane until he realized that Yahweh was the ruler over everyone, including him.
4:1 s72g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 # General Information:\n\nIn this chapter, Nebuchadnezzar tells what God did to him. In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. Verses 19-33 switch to the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. Verses 34-37 change back to first person as Nebuchadnezzar describes his response to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4:1 ykj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֣ר מַלְכָּ֗א לְֽכָל־עַֽמְמַיָּ֞א אֻמַיָּ֧א וְלִשָּׁנַיָּ֛א דִּֽי־דארין בְּכָל־אַרְעָ֖א 1 This introduces the king’s message to the people who would receive it. Your language may have a way to introduce a message. Alternate translation: “This is the message from Nebuchadnezzar to all the peoples, nations, and languages that live in all the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4:1 sx24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַֽמְמַיָּ֞א אֻמַיָּ֧א וְלִשָּׁנַיָּ֛א 1 Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who speak different languages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4:1 rcl7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole דִּֽי־דארין בְּכָל־אַרְעָ֖א 1 Kings would often exaggerate how wide their kingdom was. Nebuchadnezzar did rule over most of the known world at the time this book was written. Alternate translation: “who live in the kingdom of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
4:1 ew1j שְׁלָמְכ֥וֹן יִשְׂגֵּֽא 1 This is a common greeting.
4:2 t8rl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet אָֽתַיָּא֙ וְתִמְהַיָּ֔א 1 These words share similar meanings and refer to the amazing things that God had done. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
4:3 jyl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אָת֨וֹהִי֙ כְּמָ֣ה רַבְרְבִ֔ין וְתִמְה֖וֹהִי כְּמָ֣ה תַקִּיפִ֑ין 1 Both of these phrases have the same meaning and are used to emphasize how great God’s signs and wonders are. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4:3 mz21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism מַלְכוּתֵהּ֙ מַלְכ֣וּת עָלַ֔ם וְשָׁלְטָנֵ֖הּ עִם־דָּ֥ר וְדָֽר 1 Both of these phrases have the same meaning and are repeated to emphasize how God’s reign is forever. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4:4 xpm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4:4 p8nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism שְׁלֵ֤ה הֲוֵית֙ בְּבֵיתִ֔י וְרַעְנַ֖ן בְּהֵיכְלִֽי 1 These two phrases are parallel and mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4:4 zv52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet בְּבֵיתִ֔י & בְּהֵיכְלִֽי 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
4:5 fmk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חֵ֥לֶם & וְהַרְהֹרִין֙ & וְחֶזְוֵ֥י 1 These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
4:5 u6n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וִֽידַחֲלִנַּ֑נִי & יְבַהֲלֻנַּֽנִי 1 These phrases are parallel and they mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4:7 l5u7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4:8 aej3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive דִּֽי־שְׁמֵ֤הּ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who I named Belteshazzar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:8 dhx3 בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר֙ 1 **Belteshazzar** was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md).
4:9 x1x7 וְכָל־רָ֖ז לָא־אָנֵ֣ס לָ֑ךְ 1 The can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “and you understand the meaning of every mystery”
4:10 vz2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4:10 h4t8 וְרוּמֵ֥הּ שַׂגִּֽיא 1 Alternate translation: “and it was very tall”
4:11 w5t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage וְרוּמֵהּ֙ יִמְטֵ֣א לִשְׁמַיָּ֔א וַחֲזוֹתֵ֖הּ לְס֥וֹף כָּל־אַרְעָֽא 1 This is symbolic language that exaggerates how tall and how well-known the tree was. Alternate translation: “It seemed that its top reached up to the sky and that everyone in the world could see it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
4:12 c94i וְאִנְבֵּ֣הּ שַׂגִּ֔יא 1 Alternate translation: “there was a lot of fruit on the tree”
4:12 bvq7 וּמָז֨וֹן לְכֹ֖לָּא־בֵ֑הּ 1 Alternate translation: “and in it was food for all people and animals”
4:13 s8rq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4:14 l1nv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קָרֵ֨א בְחַ֜יִל וְכֵ֣ן אָמַ֗ר 1 It can be made clear that the holy messenger was speaking to more than one person. Alternate translation: “He shouted to some people and said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4:14 rd55 תְּנֻ֤ד חֵֽיוְתָא֙ מִן־תַּחְתּ֔וֹהִי וְצִפְּרַיָּ֖א מִן־עַנְפֽוֹהִי 1 Alternate translation: “The animals will flee from under it and the bird will fly away from its branches”
4:15 eb7u עִקַּ֤ר שָׁרְשׁ֨וֹהִי֙ 1 The **stump** is the part of the tree that is left above the ground after a tree is cut down.
4:15 e8lj וּבְטַ֤ל שְׁמַיָּא֙ 1 The **dew of heaven** is the moisture that is found on the ground in the mornings.
4:16 f3wx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns לִבְבֵהּ֙ מִן־אנושא יְשַׁנּ֔וֹן וּלְבַ֥ב חֵיוָ֖ה יִתְיְהִ֣ב לֵ֑הּ 1 Since the tree represents Nebuchadnezzar, the masculine pronouns “his” and “him” in verse 16 refer to the same tree as the neuter pronoun “it” in verse 15. Alternate translation: “The man’s mind will change from a man’s mind to an animal’s mind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
4:17 k6kq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4:17 j1fe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּמֵאמַ֥ר קַדִּישִׁ֖ין שְׁאֵֽלְתָ֑א 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the holy ones have made this decision” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:17 m2np rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קַדִּישִׁ֖ין 1 This phrase probably refers to angels. Alternate translation: “the holy angels” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4:17 y8ih חַ֠יַּיָּא 1 Alternate translation: “every living person” or “everyone”
4:17 aas5 יִתְּנִנַּ֔הּ 1 Alternate translation: “gives the kingdom”
4:18 kjd4 בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּ֜ר 1 **Belteshazzar** was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md).
4:18 jr6i ואנתה כָּהֵ֔ל 1 Alternate translation: “But you are able to interpret it”
4:18 pl5q רֽוּחַ־אֱלָהִ֥ין קַדִּישִׁ֖ין 1 Nebuchadnezzar believed that Daniel’s power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. These are not the same as “the holy ones” in verse 17. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md).
4:19 n8fk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 # General Information:\n\nVerses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4:19 u9rc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive דִּֽי־שְׁמֵ֣הּ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּ֗ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who I also named Belteshazzar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:19 a33v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶשְׁתּוֹמַם֙ כְּשָׁעָ֣ה חֲדָ֔ה וְרַעְיֹנֹ֖הִי יְבַהֲלֻנֵּ֑הּ 1 Daniel’s understanding of the meaning of the vision is what alarmed him. This can be explicitly stated. Alternate translation: “did not say anything for some time because he was very worried about the meaning of the dream” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4:19 kf99 חֶלְמָ֥א לשנאיך וּפִשְׁרֵ֥הּ לעריך 1 Daniel is expressing his wish that the dream was not about Nebuchadnezzar, even though he knew that it really was about the king.
4:20 vj36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 # General Information:\n\nVerses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]). Many terms in this verse are almost the same as in [Daniel 4:11](../04/11.md). See how you translated that verse.
4:20 x69s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole לִשְׁמַיָּ֔א & לְכָל־אַרְעָֽא 1 These phrases are exaggerations to emphasize that everyone everywhere knew how great Nebuchadnezzar was. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
4:21 rfj9 וְאִנְבֵּ֣הּ שַׂגִּ֔יא 1 Alternate translation: “and which bore a great amount of fruit”
4:22 uq3h אנתה־ה֣וּא מַלְכָּ֔א 1 Alternate translation: “This tree represents you, O king”
4:22 gfs2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וּרְבוּתָ֤ךְ רְבָת֙ וּמְטָ֣ת לִשְׁמַיָּ֔א וְשָׁלְטָנָ֖ךְ לְס֥וֹף אַרְעָֽא 1 These two phrases mean similar things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4:22 s8jt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וּרְבוּתָ֤ךְ רְבָת֙ 1 This phrase is using the word **grown** as a way of saying the king’s greatness has increased. Alternate translation: “Your greatness has increased” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4:23 w9s5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 # General Information:\n\nThis verse is almost the same as [Daniel 4:13-14](./13.md) and [Daniel 4:15-16](./15.md). See how you translated those verses. Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4:23 c89t עִקַּ֤ר שָׁרְשׁ֨וֹהִי֙ 1 This **stump** is the part of the tree that is left above ground after a tree is cut down.
4:23 i27p בְּדִתְאָ֖א דִּ֣י בָרָ֑א 1 Alternate translation: “surrounded by the tender grass of the field”
4:23 bx4z וּבְטַ֧ל שְׁמַיָּ֣א 1 The **dew of heaven** is the moisture that settles on the ground in the mornings.
4:24 f3tz דִּ֥י מְטָ֖ת עַל 1 Alternate translation: “that you have heard”
4:25 fd8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְלָ֣ךְ טָֽרְדִ֣ין מִן־אֲנָשָׁ֡א 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that men will drive you away from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:25 gq52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְעִשְׂבָּ֥א & לָ֣ךְ יְטַֽעֲמ֗וּן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will eat grass” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:26 fgn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 # General Information:\n\nVerses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4:26 tcg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שַׁלִּטִ֖ן שְׁמַיָּֽא 1 Here **Heaven** refers to God who lives in heaven. Alternate translation: “God in heaven is the ruler of all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4:27 yna6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מִלְכִּי֙ יִשְׁפַּ֣ר עליך 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “please accept my advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:27 s3j8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וחטיך & פְרֻ֔ק 1 Here rejecting iniquity is spoken of as breaking it off. Alternate translation: “reject your iniquities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:27 j7av rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj עֲנָ֑יִן 1 This nominal adjective refers to people who are oppressed. Alternate translation: “people who are oppressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
4:27 a7um rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תֶּהֱוֵ֥א אַרְכָ֖ה לִשְׁלֵוְתָֽךְ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God may extend your prosperity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:28 rq19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 # General Information:\n\nVerses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4:29 jn5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 # General Information:\n\nVerses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4:30 p8hi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲלָ֥א דָא־הִ֖יא בָּבֶ֣ל רַבְּתָ֑א דִּֽי־אֲנָ֤ה בֱנַיְתַהּ֙ לְבֵ֣ית מַלְכ֔וּ בִּתְקַ֥ף חִסְנִ֖י וְלִיקָ֥ר הַדְרִֽי 1 Nebuchadnezzar asks this question to emphasize his own glory. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is the great Babylon, which I have built as a royal residence by the might of my power and for the glory of my majesty!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4:30 csl9 וְלִיקָ֥ר הַדְרִֽי 1 Alternate translation: “to show people my honor and my greatness”
4:31 g7xg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 # General Information:\n\nVerses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4:31 fjl7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ע֗וֹד מִלְּתָא֙ בְּפֻ֣ם מַלְכָּ֔א 1 This idiom means the king was still in the act of speaking. Alternate translation: “While the king was still speaking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4:31 cv67 קָ֖ל מִן־שְׁמַיָּ֣א נְפַ֑ל 1 Alternate translation: “he heard a voice from heaven”
4:31 pt4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מַלְכוּתָ֖ה עֲדָ֥ת מִנָּֽךְ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will no longer rule over this kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:32 f4us rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּמִן־אֲנָשָׁא֩ לָ֨ךְ טָֽרְדִ֜ין 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will chase you away from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:32 m551 וּלְמַן־דִּ֥י יִצְבֵּ֖א 1 Alternate translation: “and : to whoever he chooses”
4:33 ydj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 # General Information:\n\nVerses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4:33 xpp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בַּהּ־שַׁעֲתָ֗א מִלְּתָא֮ סָ֣פַת עַל־נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר֒ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “This decree against Nebuchadnezzar happened immediately” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:33 chd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּמִן־אֲנָשָׁ֣א טְרִ֔יד 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People chased him away from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:33 t4b6 וְטִפְר֥וֹהִי כְצִפְּרִֽין 1 Alternate translation: “and his fingernails looked like birds’ claws”
4:34 amm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4:34 b17l וְלִקְצָ֣ת יֽוֹמַיָּה֩ 1 This refers back to the seven years in [Daniel 4:32](../04/32.md).
4:34 ltf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּמַנְדְּעִי֙ עֲלַ֣י יְת֔וּב 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and my sanity came back to me” or “and I became sane again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:34 ucj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism ולעליא בָּרְכֵ֔ת וּלְחַ֥י עָלְמָ֖א שַׁבְּחֵ֣ת וְהַדְּרֵ֑ת 1 The two phrases refer to the same action. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4:34 nk8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism דִּ֤י שָׁלְטָנֵהּ֙ שָׁלְטָ֣ן עָלַ֔ם וּמַלְכוּתֵ֖הּ עִם־דָּ֥ר וְדָֽר 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasize how God’s reign never ends. Alternate translation: “He rules forever and his kingdom will never end” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4:35 ce6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4:35 dgr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְכָל־דארי אַרְעָא֙ כְּלָ֣ה חֲשִׁיבִ֔ין 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He considers all the earth’s inhabitants as nothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:35 cpy8 וְכָל־דארי אַרְעָא֙ 1 Alternate translation: “All the people on the earth”
4:35 p415 בְּחֵ֣יל שְׁמַיָּ֔א 1 Alternate translation: “among the angel armies in heaven”
4:35 zpn8 וּֽכְמִצְבְּיֵ֗הּ 1 Alternate translation: “whatever satisfies his purpose” or “anything he wants to do”
4:35 im6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְלָ֤א אִיתַי֙ דִּֽי־יְמַחֵ֣א בִידֵ֔הּ 1 It may be helpful to add additional detail. Alternate translation: “When he decides to do something, no one can stop him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4:35 ebf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations וְיֵ֥אמַר לֵ֖הּ מָ֥ה עֲבַֽדְתְּ 1 This can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “or can question what he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
4:36 m6m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4:36 rz1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification מַנְדְּעִ֣י ׀ יְת֣וּב עֲלַ֗י 1 Here his sanity is spoken of as if it was able to return by its own power. Alternate translation: “I became sane again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4:36 pb8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification הַדְרִ֤י וְזִוִי֙ יְת֣וּב עֲלַ֔י 1 Here his majesty and splendor are spoken of as if they were able to return by their own power. Alternate translation: “I regained my majesty and my splendor again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4:36 nq38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet הַדְרִ֤י וְזִוִי֙ 1 These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of his glory. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
4:36 c3xy וְלִ֕י הַדָּֽבְרַ֥י וְרַבְרְבָנַ֖י יְבַע֑וֹן 1 Alternate translation: “My counselors and my noblemen requested my help again”
4:36 ks6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְעַל־מַלְכוּתִ֣י הָתְקְנַ֔ת וּרְב֥וּ יַתִּירָ֖ה ה֥וּסְפַת לִֽי 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I returned to rule my kingdom again, and I received even more greatness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:37 zgl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet מְשַׁבַּ֨ח וּמְרוֹמֵ֤ם וּמְהַדַּר֙ 1 All three of these words have basically the same meaning and emphasize how greatly he praised God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
4:37 g1df rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מַהְלְכִ֣ין בְּגֵוָ֔ה 1 This phrase uses **walk** to refer to the person who acts proud. Alternate translation: “who are proud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
5:intro e9pc 0 # Daniel 5 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The writing on the wall\n\nGod told the new king that he had failed and God was replacing him, showing that God is the real ruler over everything, even kingdoms that do not worship him.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin\nThese are words in Aramaic. Daniel “transliterates” these words by writing them with Hebrew letters, and then he explains their meanings. In the ULT and UST they are written with English letters. Translators are encouraged to write them using the letters of the target language alphabet.
5:1 cc4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בֵּלְשַׁאצַּ֣ר 1 **Belshazzar** is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5:1 tre4 וְלָקֳבֵ֥ל & חַמְרָ֥א שָׁתֵֽה 1 Alternate translation: “and he drank wine in the presence of”
5:2 gsi3 לְמָאנֵי֙ 1 These **vessels** were cups and other items that were small enough for a person to hold and to drink from them.
5:2 lad2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַנְפֵּק֙ נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֣ר אֲב֔וּהִי 1 Here **Nebuchadnezzar** refers to Nebuchadnezzar’s army. Alternate translation: “his father Nebuchadnezzar’s army had taken” or “the army of Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:3 i1zm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מָאנֵ֣י דַהֲבָ֔א דִּ֣י הַנְפִּ֗קוּ מִן־הֵֽיכְלָ֛א 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the gold containers that the army of Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:3 msp6 מִן־הֵֽיכְלָ֛א דִּֽי־בֵ֥ית אֱלָהָ֖א 1 The phrase **the house of God** tells us something more about the temple. Alternate translation: “out of God’s temple”
5:5 lkd1 בַּהּ־שַׁעֲתָ֗ה 1 Alternate translation: “As soon as they did that” or “At that moment”
5:5 cra1 גִּירָ֕א 1 This refers to cement or mud that is spread on walls or ceilings to give them a smooth hard surface when it dries.
5:6 jn25 מַלְכָּא֙ זִיוֺ֣הִי שְׁנ֔וֹהִי 1 This change was caused by his fear. Alternate translation: “the king’s face became pale”
5:6 iee9 וְאַ֨רְכֻבָּתֵ֔הּ דָּ֥א לְדָ֖א נָֽקְשָֽׁן 1 This was the result of his extreme fear.
5:7 gz5c לְחַכִּימֵ֣י בָבֶ֗ל 1 This refers back collectively to **the enchanters, the Chaldeans, and the astrologers** in the previous sentence.
5:7 ybp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive דִּ֣י כָל־אֱ֠נָשׁ דִּֽי־יִקְרֵ֞ה כְּתָבָ֣ה דְנָ֗ה וּפִשְׁרֵהּ֙ יְחַוִּנַּ֔נִי אַרְגְּוָנָ֣א יִלְבַּ֗שׁ והמונכא דִֽי־דַהֲבָא֙ עַֽל־צַוְּארֵ֔הּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give purple clothes and a gold neck chain to whoever explains this writing and its meaning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:7 ms1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַרְגְּוָנָ֣א יִלְבַּ֗שׁ 1 Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. Alternate translation: “will be dressed in royal clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5:7 x9vi rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal וְתַלְתִּ֥י בְמַלְכוּתָ֖א יִשְׁלַֽט 1 Alternate translation: “and he will be the number three ruler in the kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
5:9 n4ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בֵלְשַׁאצַּר֙ 1 **Belshazzar** is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5:9 gla9 וְזִיוֺ֖הִי שָׁנַ֣יִן עֲל֑וֹהִי 1 The face of the king grew even more pale than in [Daniel 5:6](../05/06.md). Alternate translation: “his face became even more pale”
5:9 w9st מִֽשְׁתַּבְּשִֽׁין 1 To be **perplexed** is to be unable to understand, or to be confused.
5:10 rw3v מַלְכְּתָ֕א 1 Some modern versions understand this to be a reference to the queen mother, that is, to the king’s mother. The queen mother received much honor in ancient Babylon.
5:10 x55i מַלְכָּא֙ לְעָלְמִ֣ין חֱיִ֔י 1 This was a normal way to greet the king.
5:10 zq7c וְזִיוָ֖יךְ אַל־יִשְׁתַּנּֽוֹ 1 Alternate translation: “There is no need for your face to look so pale”
5:11 bql4 ר֣וּחַ אֱלָהִ֣ין קַדִּישִׁין֮ 1 The queen believed that Daniel’s power came from the false **gods** that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md).
5:11 c4n6 וּבְיוֹמֵ֣י אֲב֗וּךְ 1 Alternate translation: “When your father was ruling”
5:11 ss1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נַהִיר֧וּ וְשָׂכְלְתָנ֛וּ וְחָכְמָ֥ה כְּחָכְמַת־אֱלָהִ֖ין הִשְׁתְּכַ֣חַת בֵּ֑הּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he had light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:12 n7wa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ר֣וּחַ ׀ יַתִּירָ֡ה וּמַנְדַּ֡ע וְשָׂכְלְתָנ֡וּ מְפַשַּׁ֣ר חֶלְמִין֩ וַֽאַֽחֲוָיַ֨ת אֲחִידָ֜ן וּמְשָׁרֵ֣א קִטְרִ֗ין הִשְׁתְּכַ֤חַת בֵּהּ֙ בְּדָ֣נִיֵּ֔אל דִּֽי־מַלְכָּ֥א שָׂם־שְׁמֵ֖הּ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּ֑ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar, had an excellent spirit, knowledge, and insight for interpreting dreams, explaining riddles and solving problems” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:13 hn7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בֵּאדַ֨יִן֙ דָּֽנִיֵּ֔אל הֻעַ֖ל קֳדָ֣ם מַלְכָּ֑א 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then they brought Daniel before the king” or “Then the soldiers brought Daniel before the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:13 sd23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דִּ֥י הַיְתִ֛י מַלְכָּ֥א אַ֖בִי מִן־יְהֽוּד 1 In this phrase **father** is being used to represent all of the soldiers. Alternate translation: “whom my father’s soldiers brought out of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:14 yxu5 ר֥וּחַ אֱלָהִ֖ין 1 Belshazzar believed that Daniel’s power came from the false **gods** that Belshazzar worshiped. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md).
5:14 y4ey rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנַהִיר֧וּ וְשָׂכְלְתָנ֛וּ וְחָכְמָ֥ה יַתִּירָ֖ה הִשְׁתְּכַ֥חַת בָּֽךְ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and … you have light and understanding and excellent wisdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:15 c33v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּכְעַ֞ן הֻעַ֣לּוּ קָֽדָמַ֗י חַכִּֽימַיָּא֙ אָֽשְׁפַיָּ֔א 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Now the wise men and enchanters have come in before me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:16 u2ey rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אַרְגְּוָנָ֣א תִלְבַּ֗שׁ והמונכא דִֽי־דַהֲבָא֙ עַֽל־צַוְּארָ֔ךְ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give you purple clothes and a gold neck chain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:16 iyy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַרְגְּוָנָ֣א תִלְבַּ֗שׁ 1 Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. Alternate translation: “you will be dressed in royal clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5:16 pud4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal וְתַלְתָּ֥א בְמַלְכוּתָ֖א תִּשְׁלַֽט 1 “and you will be the number three ruler of the kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
5:17 evt4 מַתְּנָתָךְ֙ לָ֣ךְ לֶֽהֶוְיָ֔ן 1 Alternate translation: “I do not want your gifts”
5:19 l2ng rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole כֹּ֣ל עַֽמְמַיָּ֗א אֻמַיָּא֙ וְלִשָּׁ֣נַיָּ֔א 1 This phrase uses the word **all** as a generalization that represents a large number. Alternate translation: “a great number of people, of different nations and languages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
5:19 q693 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כֹּ֣ל עַֽמְמַיָּ֗א אֻמַיָּא֙ וְלִשָּׁ֣נַיָּ֔א 1 Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who speak different languages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:19 bqb5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet הֲו֛וֹ זאעין וְדָחֲלִ֖ין מִן־קֳדָמ֑וֹהִי 1 These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of the fear. Alternate translation: “were very afraid of him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
5:19 ka6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דִּֽי־הֲוָ֨ה צָבֵ֜א הֲוָ֣א קָטֵ֗ל 1 This phrase does not mean King Nebuchadnezzar put people to death himself, but rather those he commanded. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar commanded his soldiers to kill those he wanted to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:19 t7ri וְדִֽי־הֲוָ֤ה צָבֵא֙ הֲוָ֣ה מָרִ֔ים 1 Alternate translation: “He raised up those he wanted to raise up”
5:19 db8z וְדִֽי־הֲוָ֥ה צָבֵ֖א הֲוָ֥ה מַשְׁפִּֽיל 1 Alternate translation: “and he humbled those he wished to humble”
5:20 zu9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche רִ֣ם לִבְבֵ֔הּ 1 Here **heart** refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “the king was arrogant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5:20 g3wq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְרוּחֵ֖הּ תִּֽקְפַ֣ת 1 Here **spirit** refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “and the king was hardened” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5:20 bbj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְרוּחֵ֖הּ תִּֽקְפַ֣ת 1 the stubbornness of the king is spoken of as if he were **hardened**. Alternate translation: “and the king became stubborn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:20 w2tx לַהֲזָדָ֑ה 1 He was rudely and overly confident.
5:20 nl2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הָנְחַת֙ מִן־כָּרְסֵ֣א מַלְכוּתֵ֔הּ 1 Here “throne” refers to his authority to rule. Alternate translation: “his authority was taken away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:20 z3bm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הָנְחַת֙ מִן־כָּרְסֵ֣א מַלְכוּתֵ֔הּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people took away his kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:21 sl3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּמִן־בְּנֵי֩ אֲנָשָׁ֨א טְרִ֜יד 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people chased him away from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:21 v3b5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְלִבְבֵ֣הּ ׀ עִם־חֵיוְתָ֣א שוי 1 Here **mind** represents his thoughts. Alternate translation: “and he thought as an animal thinks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:21 amq8 וּמִטַּ֥ל שְׁמַיָּ֖א 1 The **dew** is the moisture that is found on the ground in the mornings.
5:21 m4na וּלְמַן־דִּ֥י יִצְבֵּ֖ה 1 Alternate translation: “whomever he chooses”
5:22 z72q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בֵּלְשַׁאצַּ֔ר 1 **Belshazzar** was the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5:22 ij2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לָ֥א הַשְׁפֵּ֖לְתְּ לִבְבָ֑ךְ 1 Here **heart** refers to Belshazzar himself. Alternate translation: “have not humbled yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5:23 fmz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְעַ֣ל מָרֵֽא־שְׁמַיָּ֣א ׀ הִתְרוֹמַ֡מְתָּ 1 To rebel against God is spoken of as raising oneself up against him. Alternate translation: “Instead, you have rebelled against the Lord of heaven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:23 qc6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit דִֽי־בַיְתֵ֜הּ 1 What and where “his house” is can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “from his temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5:23 kj78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְלֵֽאלָהָ֞א דִּֽי־נִשְׁמְתָ֥ךְ בִּידֵ֛הּ 1 Here “breath” refers to life and “hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “but … the God who gives you breath” or “but … the God who has control over your entire life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:24 i8fs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּכְתָבָ֥א דְנָ֖ה רְשִֽׁים 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and it wrote this message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:25 rcy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּדְנָ֥ה כְתָבָ֖א דִּ֣י רְשִׁ֑ים 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “This is the message that the hand wrote” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:25 ea1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate מְנֵ֥א מְנֵ֖א תְּקֵ֥ל וּפַרְסִֽין 1 These are the Aramaic words that were written on the wall. Spell these words with the sounds that fit your language. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
5:26 tg8v מְנֵ֕א מְנָֽה־אֱלָהָ֥א 1 Alternate translation: “‘Mene’ means ‘God has numbered”
5:27 q5iv תְּקֵ֑ל תְּקִ֥ילְתָּה 1 Alternate translation: “‘Tekel’ means ‘you are weighed”
5:27 sg5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תְּקִ֥ילְתָּה בְמֹֽאזַנְיָ֖א וְהִשְׁתְּכַ֥חַתְּ חַסִּֽיר 1 Judging the worthiness of the king to rule is spoken of as weighing him. This means that the king is not worthy to rule. Alternate translation: “your worthiness to rule has been judged, and you have been found to be unworthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:27 avae rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תְּקִ֥ילְתָּה בְמֹֽאזַנְיָ֖א וְהִשְׁתְּכַ֥חַתְּ חַסִּֽיר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has examined your worthiness to rule, and he has found that you are not worthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:28 jb22 פְּרֵ֑ס 1 **Peres** is the singular form of “Pharsin” in 5:25.
5:28 b18p פְּרֵ֑ס פְּרִיסַת֙ מַלְכוּתָ֔ךְ 1 Alternate translation: “‘Peres’ means ‘your kingdom has been divided”
5:28 j1p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive פְּרִיסַת֙ מַלְכוּתָ֔ךְ וִיהִיבַ֖ת לְמָדַ֥י וּפָרָֽס 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has divided your kingdom and given it to the Medes and Persians” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:29 j9jg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בֵּלְשַׁאצַּ֗ר 1 **Belshazzar** was the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5:29 uvj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive והמונכא דִֽי־דַהֲבָ֖א עַֽל־צַוְּארֵ֑הּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They put a chain of gold around his neck” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:29 nfx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal שַׁלִּ֛יט תַּלְתָּ֖א 1 “the number three ruler” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
5:31 c2bj קַבֵּ֖ל מַלְכוּתָ֑א 1 Alternate translation: “became the ruler of the kingdom”
6:intro a1xc 0 # Daniel 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set the content of letters farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the letter in 6:25-27.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in the letter in 6:26-27.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Daniel and the lions\n\nDaniel was thrown into the lions’ den for praying to Yahweh, but Yahweh protected him and the lions did not hurt him at all.
6:1 xf5z Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThe events in this chapter take place after the Persians conquered the Babylonians and Darius the Mede began to rule in Babylon.
6:2 q0vw וְעֵ֤לָּא מִנְּהוֹן֙ 1 The word **them** refers to the 120 satraps.
6:2 u9kb וּמַלְכָּ֖א לָֽא־לֶהֱוֵ֥א נָזִֽק 1 Alternate translation: “so that nothing should be stolen from the king” or “so that no one would steal anything from the king”
6:3 ygu7 הֲוָ֣א מִתְנַצַּ֔ח עַל 1 Alternate translation: “excelled above” or “was more capable than”
6:3 aig7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ר֤וּחַ יַתִּירָא֙ בֵּ֔הּ 1 Here **spirit** refers to Daniel. It means he had was unusually capable. Alternate translation: “he was an exceptional person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
6:3 ef6f ר֤וּחַ יַתִּירָא֙ 1 This **spirit** enabled him do better than the other leaders.
6:3 ry6m לַהֲקָמוּתֵ֖הּ עַל 1 Alternate translation: “to give him authority over” or “to put him in charge of”
6:4 ex6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֱדַ֨יִן סָֽרְכַיָּ֜א וַאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּ֗א הֲו֨וֹ בָעַ֧יִן עִלָּ֛ה לְהַשְׁכָּחָ֥ה לְדָנִיֵּ֖אל מִצַּ֣ד מַלְכוּתָ֑א 1 The other administrators were jealous of Daniel. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors became jealous. So they looked for mistakes in the work Daniel did for the kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6:4 rl5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְכָל־עִלָּ֨ה וּשְׁחִיתָ֜ה לָא־יָכְלִ֣ין לְהַשְׁכָּחָ֗ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but they could find no mistakes or negligence in his work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6:5 ek64 לְדָנִיֵּ֥אל דְּנָ֖ה כָּל־עִלָּ֑א 1 Alternate translation: “any reason to complain about Daniel”
6:6 ll7v לְעָלְמִ֥ין חֱיִֽי 1 This was a normal way to greet a king.
6:7 bw29 כָל־דִּֽי־יִבְעֵ֣ה בָ֠עוּ 1 Alternate translation: “whoever makes a request”
6:7 l2iq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִתְרְמֵ֕א לְגֹ֖ב אַרְיָוָתָֽא 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your soldiers must throw that person into the den of lions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6:7 h7ip לְגֹ֖ב אַרְיָוָתָֽא 1 This may refer to a room or pit where **lions** were kept.
6:8 nj57 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nIn verse 8, the administrators continue to speak to the king.
6:8 i7m4 לָ֥א תֶעְדֵּֽא 1 Alternate translation: “cannot be canceled”
6:10 i5vv וְ֠דָנִיֵּאל כְּדִ֨י יְדַ֜ע דִּֽי־רְשִׁ֤ים כְּתָבָא֙ 1 It is important to the story to state clearly that Daniel knew about the new law before he prayed to God.
6:10 r7ul rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background וְכַוִּ֨ין פְּתִיחָ֥ן לֵהּ֙ בְּעִלִּיתֵ֔הּ נֶ֖גֶד יְרוּשְׁלֶ֑ם 1 This is background information that explains how Daniel’s enemies knew he was praying to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
6:12 gwm4 הֲלָ֧א אֱסָ֣ר רְשַׁ֗מְתָּ דִּ֣י כָל־אֱנָ֡שׁ דִּֽי־יִבְעֵה֩ מִן־כָּל־אֱלָ֨הּ וֶֽאֱנָ֜שׁ עַד־יוֹמִ֣ין תְּלָתִ֗ין לָהֵן֙ מִנָּ֣ךְ מַלְכָּ֔א יִתְרְמֵ֕א לְג֖וֹב אַרְיָותָ֑א 1 They asked this question to make the king confirm that he had made the decree.
6:12 div1 לְג֖וֹב אַרְיָותָ֑א 1 This may refer to a room or pit where **lions** were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
6:13 c3ar דִּ֣י דָנִיֵּ֡אל דִּי֩ מִן־בְּנֵ֨י גָלוּתָ֜א דִּ֣י יְה֗וּד 1 This is not a respectful way of referring to **Daniel**. They intentionally used this phrase to avoid giving Daniel the respect he was due as a chief administrator.
6:13 jia1 דִּי֩ מִן־בְּנֵ֨י גָלוּתָ֜א דִּ֣י יְה֗וּד 1 Alternate translation: “who is an immigrant from Judah”
6:13 l8eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לָא־שָׂ֨ם עליך 1 This idiom means he ignores the king. Alternate translation: “does not obey you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6:14 u8lh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְעַ֧ל דָּנִיֵּ֛אל שָׂ֥ם בָּ֖ל לְשֵׁיזָבוּתֵ֑הּ 1 Here **mind** refers to his thinking. Alternate translation: “and he thought very hard about how to rescue Daniel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:15 d92j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָל־אֱסָ֥ר וּקְיָ֛ם דִּֽי־מַלְכָּ֥א יְהָקֵ֖ים לָ֥א לְהַשְׁנָיָֽה 1 The men were implying that since no decree or statute of the king can be changed, Daniel must be thrown into the pit of lions. This can be stated clearly if needed. Alternate translation: “no injunction or statute that the king establishes can be changed. They must throw Daniel into the pit of lions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6:16 zny2 וְהַיְתִיו֙ לְדָ֣נִיֵּ֔אל וּרְמ֕וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “and his soldiers went and got Daniel and thew him”
6:16 q3wc לְגֻבָּ֖א דִּ֣י אַרְיָוָתָ֑א 1 This may refer to a room or pit where **lions** were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
6:16 a268 אֱלָהָ֗ךְ דִּ֣י אנתה פָּֽלַֽח־לֵהּ֙ בִּתְדִירָ֔א ה֖וּא יְשֵׁיזְבִנָּֽךְ 1 The king is expressing his desire for God to save Daniel.
6:16 jd6x ה֖וּא יְשֵׁיזְבִנָּֽךְ 1 Alternate translation: “may he save you from the lions”
6:17 szf5 גֻּבָּ֑א 1 This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
6:17 xjj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְחַתְמַ֨הּ מַלְכָּ֜א בְּעִזְקְתֵ֗הּ וּבְעִזְקָת֙ רַבְרְבָנ֔וֹהִי דִּ֛י לָא־תִשְׁנֵ֥א צְב֖וּ בְּדָנִיֵּֽאל 1 The function of the signet ring can be stated clearly. The king and the noblemen pressed their rings into a seal made of wax. Alternate translation: “and the king pressed his signet ring into a wax seal, the nobles did this too. No one was allowed to break the seal and help Daniel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6:17 p5t2 לָא־תִשְׁנֵ֥א צְב֖וּ בְּדָנִיֵּֽאל 1 Alternate translation: “no one could help Daniel”
6:18 un1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וּבָ֣ת טְוָ֔ת 1 This symbolic act showed that the king was worried about Daniel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
6:18 a3xd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְדַחֲוָ֖ן לָא־הַנְעֵ֣ל קָֽדָמ֑וֹהִי 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He did not have anyone entertain him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6:18 sb8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְשִׁנְתֵּ֖הּ נַדַּ֥ת עֲלֽוֹהִי 1 Here **sleep** is spoken of as if it could run away from the king. Alternate translation: “and he did not sleep at all that night” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
6:19 e2wc לְגֻבָּ֥א דִֽי־אַרְיָוָתָ֖א 1 This may refer to a room or pit where **lions** were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
6:22 qn4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive זָכוּ֙ הִשְׁתְּכַ֣חַת לִ֔י 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he knows that I have done nothing wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6:23 r1eg גֻּבָּ֑א 1 This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
6:23 qf7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְכָל־חֲבָל֙ לָא־הִשְׁתְּכַ֣ח בֵּ֔הּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and they did not find any wounds on Daniel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6:24 qwh3 וְלָֽא־מְט֞וֹ לְאַרְעִ֣ית גֻּבָּ֗א עַ֠ד דִּֽי 1 Alternate translation: “and before they reached the floor of the lions’ den”
6:25 ty2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַֽמְמַיָּ֞א אֻמַיָּ֧א וְלִשָּׁנַיָּ֛א 1 Here **nations** and **languages** represent people from different **nations** who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “the people from different nations and who spoke different languages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:25 rl1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole בְּכָל־אַרְעָ֖א 1 King Darius wrote his message to his entire kingdom which was huge. Here it says **all the earth** as a generalization to emphasis how large his kingdom was, though it did not include everyone on the earth. Alternate translation: “in his entire kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
6:25 zkz8 שְׁלָמְכ֥וֹן יִשְׂגֵּֽא 1 This is a form of greeting that is used to wish someone well in all areas of life.
6:26 m5v6 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThis continues to state the message that Darius sent to everyone in his kingdom.
6:26 n6v5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet זאעין וְדָ֣חֲלִ֔ין 1 These two words are similar and can be combined. Alternate translation: “shake with fear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
6:26 s8va אֱלָהֵ֣הּ דִּי־דָֽנִיֵּ֑אל 1 Alternate translation: “the God that Daniel worships”
6:26 ma86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism ה֣וּא ׀ אֱלָהָ֣א חַיָּ֗א וְקַיָּם֙ לְעָ֣לְמִ֔ין 1 The two phrases **the living God** and **enduring forever** express the same concept, that God lives forever. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
6:26 xw4k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ֙ דִּֽי־לָ֣א תִתְחַבַּ֔ל וְשָׁלְטָנֵ֖הּ עַד־סוֹפָֽא׃ 1 These two phrases are parallel, emphasizing how God’s kingdom will never end. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
6:26 s6yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ֙ דִּֽי־לָ֣א תִתְחַבַּ֔ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and no one will destroy his kingdom” or “and his kingdom will last forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6:26 fcy1 וְשָׁלְטָנֵ֖הּ עַד־סוֹפָֽא 1 Alternate translation: “and he will rule forever”
6:27 bld2 דִּ֚י שֵׁיזִ֣יב לְדָֽנִיֵּ֔אל מִן־יַ֖ד אַרְיָוָתָֽא 1 Alternate translation: “he has not allowed the strong lions to hurt Daniel”
6:28 a5br בְּמַלְכ֣וּת דָּרְיָ֑וֶשׁ וּבְמַלְכ֖וּת כּ֥וֹרֶשׁ פרסיא 1 **Cyrus the Persian** was the king who ruled after **Darius**.
7:intro e18x 0 # Daniel 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 7:9-10, 13-14, and 23-27.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The four beasts\n\nThere will be four successive kingdoms before Yahweh sets up his eternal kingdom. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])\n\n### The Son of Man\n\nGod will give the Son of Man an eternal kingdom and he will judge people from the books. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
7:1 cw4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage 0 # General Information:\n\nChapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. In Daniel’s vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
7:1 dme8 לְבֵלְאשַׁצַּר֙ 1 **Belshazzar** was the name of Nebuchadnezzar’s son, who became king after him. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md).
7:1 xdv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חֵ֣לֶם & וְחֶזְוֵ֥י 1 The words **dream** and **visions** both refer to the same dream that is described in this chapter. Alternate translation: “visions while he was dreaming in” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
7:2 mjk7 אַרְבַּע֙ רוּחֵ֣י שְׁמַיָּ֔א 1 Alternate translation: “winds from everywhere” or “strong winds from all four directions”
7:2 b48l מְגִיחָ֖ן 1 Alternate translation: “whipped up” or “agitated” or “caused high waves in”
7:4 z5hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage קַדְמָיְתָ֣א כְאַרְיֵ֔ה וְגַפִּ֥ין דִּֽי־נְשַׁ֖ר לַ֑הּ 1 This was a symbolic creature, and not an animal that exists. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
7:4 a7n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מְּרִ֨יטוּ גַפַּ֜יהּ וּנְטִ֣ילַת מִן־אַרְעָ֗א וְעַל־רַגְלַ֨יִן֙ כֶּאֱנָ֣שׁ הֳקִימַ֔ת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone tore off its wings and lifted it up from the ground and made it stand on two feet like a human being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:4 y6v7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּלְבַ֥ב אֱנָ֖שׁ יְהִ֥יב לַֽהּ 1 Here **mind** refers to thinking. Alternate translation: “and it was given the ability to think like a human being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:4 exkb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּלְבַ֥ב אֱנָ֖שׁ יְהִ֥יב לַֽהּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and someone gave it the ability to think like a human being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:5 eqm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage חֵיוָה֩ אָחֳרִ֨י תִנְיָנָ֜ה דָּמְיָ֣ה לְדֹ֗ב 1 This was not an actual **bear**, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a bear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
7:5 i32b עִלְעִ֛ין 1 The **ribs** are large curved bones of the chest that connect to the spine.
7:5 c38p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אָמְרִ֣ין לַ֔הּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone told it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:6 fl2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage אָֽחֳרִי֙ כִּנְמַ֔ר 1 This was not an actual **leopard**, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a leopard. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
7:6 h4ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage גַּפִּ֥ין אַרְבַּ֛ע & וְאַרְבְּעָ֤ה רֵאשִׁין֙ 1 The **four wings** and **four heads** are symbols, but their meaning is unclear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
7:6 y1jd וְלַ֨הּ גַּפִּ֥ין אַרְבַּ֛ע דִּי־ע֖וֹף עַל־גביה 1 Alternate translation: “and the animal had four wings of a bird on its back”
7:6 jpn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְשָׁלְטָ֖ן יְהִ֥יב לַֽהּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and someone gave it authority to rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:7 g1aj rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage חֵיוָ֣ה רביעיה דְּחִילָה֩ וְאֵֽימְתָנִ֨י וְתַקִּיפָ֜א יַתִּ֗ירָא וְשִׁנַּ֨יִן דִּֽי־פַרְזֶ֥ל לַהּ֙ רַבְרְבָ֔ן אָֽכְלָ֣ה וּמַדֱּקָ֔ה וּשְׁאָרָ֖א ברגליה רָפְסָ֑ה וְהִ֣יא מְשַׁנְּיָ֗ה מִן־כָּל־חֵֽיוָתָא֙ דִּ֣י קָֽדָמַ֔יהּ וְקַרְנַ֥יִן עֲשַׂ֖ר לַֽהּ 1 This is also not an actual animal. It is a symbolic creature. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
7:7 w7ww וּשְׁאָרָ֖א ברגליה רָפְסָ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “and walked on and crushed what was left ”
7:8 j87p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּקַרְנַיָּ֗א 1 Translators may write a footnote like this: “Horns are a symbol of power and represent powerful leaders.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:8 ga8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּתְלָ֗ת מִן־קַרְנַיָּא֙ קַדְמָ֣יָתָ֔א אתעקרו 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the little horn tore out three of the first horns” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:8 d113 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וּפֻ֖ם מְמַלִּ֥ל רַבְרְבָֽן 1 Here the horn was boasting, using its **mouth** to do so. Alternate translation: “the horn had a mouth and boasted about doing great things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
7:9-14 dge1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage 0 # General Information:\n\nMost of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULT and UST present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
7:9 hw4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כָרְסָוָן֙ רְמִ֔יו 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone set thrones in their places” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:9 xvt9 וְעַתִּ֥יק יוֹמִ֖ין 1 This is a title for God that means he is eternal. Alternate translation: “and the One Who Has Lived Forever” or “the One Who Has Always Lived”
7:9 rc8y יְתִ֑ב לְבוּשֵׁ֣הּ & וּשְׂעַ֤ר רֵאשֵׁהּ֙ 1 This passage describes God as sitting down, with **clothing** and **hair** like a person. This does not mean that God really is like this, but it is how Daniel saw God in a vision.
7:9 crh4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יְתִ֑ב 1 This is an idiom that means he sat down. Alternate translation: “sat down on his throne” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7:9 imw8 לְבוּשֵׁ֣הּ ׀ כִּתְלַ֣ג חִוָּ֗ר 1 His **clothing** is compared to **snow** to show that it was very **white**. Alternate translation: “His clothing was very white”
7:9 d5if rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וּשְׂעַ֤ר רֵאשֵׁהּ֙ כַּעֲמַ֣ר נְקֵ֔א 1 Something about God’s **hair** looked like pure **wool**. This could mean: (1) it was very white or (2) it was thick and curly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
7:9 jf7e כַּעֲמַ֣ר נְקֵ֔א 1 Alternate translation: “was like clean wool” or “was like wool that is washed”
7:9 c4le כָּרְסְיֵהּ֙ שְׁבִיבִ֣ין דִּי־נ֔וּר גַּלְגִּלּ֖וֹהִי נ֥וּר דָּלִֽק 1 This describes the **throne** of God and its **wheels** as if they were made of **fire**. The words **flames** and **burning fire** mean basically the same thing and can be translated the same way.
7:9 lhh4 גַּלְגִּלּ֖וֹהִי 1 It is unclear why God’s throne is described as having **wheels**. Thrones normally do not have wheels, but the text clearly states that this throne has some kind of wheels. Use a general term for **wheels** if possible.
7:10 rab3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נְהַ֣ר דִּי־נ֗וּר נָגֵ֤ד וְנָפֵק֙ מִן־קֳדָמ֔וֹהִי 1 The quick way in which **fire** came from the presence of God is spoken of as if it was water **flowing** in **a river**. Alternate translation: “Fire poured out in front of him like water in a river” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:10 z1dt קֳדָמ֔וֹהִי 1 The word **him** refers to God, the Ancient of Days from [Daniel 7:9](../07/09.md).
7:10 f9kw אֶ֤לֶף אלפים 1 This probably refers to a large group rather than to a precise number. Alternate translation: “tens of thousands times tens of thousands” or “uncountable numbers of people”
7:10 gka4 וְרִבּ֥וֹ 1 This probably refers to a large group rather than to a precise number. Alternate translation: “thousands of thousands” or “great numbers of people”
7:10 h5d3 דִּינָ֥א יְתִ֖ב 1 This means that God, the judge, was ready to investigate the evidence and make his judgment. Alternate translation: “The judge was ready to judge” or “The judge was seated”
7:10 pyd5 וְסִפְרִ֥ין פְּתִֽיחוּ 1 These are the **books** that contain the evidence to be used in court. Alternate translation: “and the books of evidence were opened”
7:11 g8ls rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive קְטִילַ֤ת חֵֽיוְתָא֙ וְהוּבַ֣ד גִּשְׁמַ֔הּ וִיהִיבַ֖ת לִיקֵדַ֥ת אֶשָּֽׁא 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they killed the fourth animal, destroyed its body, and gave it to someone to burn it up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:11 tqd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קְטִילַ֤ת חֵֽיוְתָא֙ 1 The **beast** was killed because the judge determined that it was guilty. Alternate translation: “they executed the animal” or “the judge commanded and they killed the animal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
7:11 pms3 חֵֽיוְתָא֙ 1 This refers to the fourth **beast** that had the ten horns and the horn that spoke boastfully. Alternate translation: “the most frightening beast” or “the animal that had the boastful horn”
7:12 ayx9 וּשְׁאָר֙ חֵֽיוָתָ֔א 1 It may be helpful to your readers to say, “the other three beasts.”
7:12 dj5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הֶעְדִּ֖יו שָׁלְטָנְה֑וֹן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the judge took away their authority to rule” or “their authority to rule ended” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:12 ru76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְאַרְכָ֧ה בְחַיִּ֛ין יְהִ֥יבַת לְה֖וֹן עַד־זְמַ֥ן וְעִדָּֽן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they continued to live for a period of time” or “the judge let them live a little longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:13 j5t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּבַ֥ר אֱנָ֖שׁ אָתֵ֣ה הֲוָ֑ה 1 The person that Daniel saw was not a normal **man**, but had a human figure like a man. “someone was coming who resembled a son of man, that is, he had a human figure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
7:13 n5qi עִם־עֲנָנֵ֣י שְׁמַיָּ֔א 1 Alternate translation: “with the clouds of the sky”
7:13 ln6w עַתִּ֤יק יֽוֹמַיָּא֙ 1 This refers to God who is eternal. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 7:9](../07/09.md)
7:13 pjn2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּקְדָמ֖וֹהִי הַקְרְבֽוּהִי 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and they presented this son of man to him” or “and he stood before him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:14 ai49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְלֵ֨הּ יְהִ֤יב שָׁלְטָן֙ וִיקָ֣ר וּמַלְכ֔וּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The one who looked like a son of man received authority to rule, glory, and royal power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:14 hc6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַֽמְמַיָּ֗א אֻמַיָּ֛א וְלִשָּׁנַיָּ֖א 1 Here **nations** and **languages** represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “the people from different nations and who speak different languages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:14 z6xf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism לָ֣א יֶעְדֵּ֔ה & לָ֥א תִתְחַבַּֽל 1 These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
7:14 sl8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לָ֥א תִתְחַבַּֽל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will ever destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:15 xt3d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אֶתְכְּרִיַּ֥ת רוּחִ֛י & בְּג֣וֹא נִדְנֶ֑ה & וְחֶזְוֵ֥י רֵאשִׁ֖י יְבַהֲלֻנַּֽנִי 1 These two phrases describe how Daniel was feeling. The second one gives more information about the first one, explaining about his grieved spirit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
7:15 g5s3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche אֶתְכְּרִיַּ֥ת רוּחִ֛י & בְּג֣וֹא נִדְנֶ֑ה 1 Here **my spirit** refers to Daniel himself. Alternate translation: “I was very sad inside” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
7:16 z2w1 חַד֙ מִן־קָ֣אֲמַיָּ֔א 1 This is one of the heavenly beings who were **standing** before God’s throne. This could mean: (1) these are angels, spirits who serve God (2) these are people who have died and are now in heaven.
7:16 x45a עַֽל־כָּל־דְּנָ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “about the things I had seen”
7:17 mw57 אִלֵּין֙ חֵיוָתָ֣א רַבְרְבָתָ֔א דִּ֥י אִנִּ֖ין אַרְבַּ֑ע 1 Alternate translation: “These four large beasts”
7:17 s2iv אַרְבְּעָ֥ה מַלְכִ֖ין 1 Alternate translation: “represent four kings”
7:17 e2vw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אַרְבְּעָ֥ה מַלְכִ֖ין יְקוּמ֥וּן מִן־אַרְעָֽא 1 Here **from the earth** means they are real people. Alternate translation: “are four kings who will come to power on the earth” or “are four men who will rise up from among the people of the earth and become kings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7:18 tz29 וְיַחְסְנ֤וּן מַלְכוּתָא֙ 1 Alternate translation: “and they will rule over the kingdom”
7:18 x83s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet וְעַ֖ד עָלַ֥ם עָלְמַיָּֽא 1 This repetition of ideas emphasizes that this kingdom will never come to an end. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
7:19 fq88 רָֽפְסָֽה 1 Alternate translation: “walked on and crushed”
7:20 e5t1 קַרְנַיָּ֤א עֲשַׂר֙ דִּ֣י בְרֵאשַׁ֔הּ 1 Alternate translation: “the ten horns on the head of the fourth beast”
7:20 vi4r סִלְקַ֔ת ונפלו מִן־קדמיה תְּלָ֑ת 1 Alternate translation: “grew up, and about the three horns that fell down in front of it” or “grew up, and about the three horns that fell down because of it”
7:20 vjs9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism ונפלו מִן־קדמיה תְּלָ֑ת 1 Here **fell down** is a euphemism that means “they were destroyed.” Alternate translation: “which destroyed the three horns” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
7:20 frj1 וְפֻם֙ מְמַלִּ֣ל רַבְרְבָ֔ן 1 Alternate translation: “and its mouth that boasted” or “and the mouth of the new horn that boasted”
7:20 f425 וְחֶזְוַ֖הּ רַ֥ב מִן־חַבְרָתַֽהּ 1 The horn with the eyes and a mouth seemed to be greater than the other horns.
7:21 xcl9 וְקַרְנָ֣א דִכֵּ֔ן 1 This refers to the fourth **horn** that is described in [Daniel 7:20](../07/20.md).
7:22 pxx4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive עַ֣ד דִּֽי־אֲתָ֗ה עַתִּיק֙ יֽוֹמַיָּ֔א וְדִינָ֣א יְהִ֔ב 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until the Ancient of Days came and brought justice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:22 dui7 עַתִּיק֙ יֽוֹמַיָּ֔א 1 This is a title for God that emphasizes that he is eternal. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 7:9](../07/09.md).
7:23-27 ec9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage 0 # General Information:\n\nMost of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
7:23 mv4h כֵּן֮ אֲמַר֒ 1 The person speaking is the one that Daniel approached in [Daniel 7:16](../07/16.md).
7:23 p7zf כֵּן֮ אֲמַר֒ 1 Alternate translation: “That person answered”
7:23 t6ga rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְתֵאכֻל֙ כָּל־אַרְעָ֔א וּתְדוּשִׁנַּ֖הּ וְתַדְּקִנַּֽהּ 1 This does not mean the fourth kingdom will destroy the planet, but that it will brutally attack, conquer, and destroy all other kingdoms on **earth**. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:24 x4nc וְקַרְנַיָּ֣א עֲשַׂ֔ר 1 Alternate translation: “Concerning the ten horns” or “Now, about the ten horns”
7:24 cn9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִנַּהּ֙ מַלְכוּתָ֔ה עַשְׂרָ֥ה מַלְכִ֖ין יְקֻמ֑וּן 1 These **ten kings** will rule one after the other. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “ten kings will rule over this fourth kingdom, one after another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
7:24 iw64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאָחֳרָ֞ן יְק֣וּם אַחֲרֵיה֗וֹן 1 This other king is not one of the ten. It may be helpful to refer to him as “the eleventh king.” Alternate translation: “after that an eleventh king will become powerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
7:24 qun4 וְה֤וּא יִשְׁנֵא֙ מִן־קַדְמָיֵ֔א 1 Alternate translation: “He will be different from the other ten kings”
7:24 x7hx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּתְלָתָ֥ה מַלְכִ֖ין יְהַשְׁפִּֽל 1 He will defeat three of the original ten kings. It may be helpful to state that those three kings are represented by the three horns that were pulled out. Alternate translation: “he will defeat the three kings that were represented by the three horns that were pulled out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
7:25 xih7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּמִלִּ֗ין לְצַ֤ד עליא יְמַלִּ֔ל 1 This means that the newest king will openly disagree with and say bad things about **the Most High**. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7:25 ce61 וְיִסְבַּ֗ר & בִּידֵ֔הּ 1 The words **He** and **his** refer to the newest king, not the Most High.
7:25 w16z לְהַשְׁנָיָה֙ זִמְנִ֣ין וְדָ֔ת 1 Both terms refer to the **law** of Moses. The **times** refers to the festivals that were an important part of the religion of Israel in the Old Testament.
7:25 hn8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְיִתְיַהֲב֣וּן בִּידֵ֔הּ 1 Here **his hand** refers to his control. Alternate translation: “The newest king will be given control the religious festivals and laws” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:25 hjpn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְיִתְיַהֲב֣וּן בִּידֵ֔הּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The newest king will control the religious festivals and laws” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:25 dnu4 עִדָּ֥ן וְעִדָּנִ֖ין וּפְלַ֥ג עִדָּֽן 1 Here, each **time** refers to a year. This means “three and half years.” This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. Try to translate it in a way that preserves this way of counting. Alternate translation: “one year plus two years plus six months”
7:26 is1x וְדִינָ֖א יִתִּ֑ב 1 This means that the judge will be ready to investigate evidence and make his judgment. Alternate translation: “But the judge will judge” or “The judge will sit down”
7:26 iln2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְשָׁלְטָנֵ֣הּ יְהַעְדּ֔וֹן לְהַשְׁמָדָ֥ה וּלְהוֹבָדָ֖ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the members of the court will take the royal power away from the newest king, and they will consume him and destroy him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:26 j3ya rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְשָׁלְטָנֵ֣הּ 1 Here, **dominion** refers to “authority.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:14](../07/14.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:27 hh11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּמַלְכוּתָ֨ה וְשָׁלְטָנָ֜א וּרְבוּתָ֗א דִּ֚י מַלְכְוָת֙ תְּח֣וֹת כָּל־שְׁמַיָּ֔א יְהִיבַ֕ת לְעַ֖ם קַדִּישֵׁ֣י עֶלְיוֹנִ֑ין 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then the Most High God will give the kingdom and the dominion of all the earth to his holy people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:27 c6lf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet וּמַלְכוּתָ֨ה וְשָׁלְטָנָ֜א 1 These two terms mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this will concern all forms of official authority. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
7:27 p5c7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּרְבוּתָ֗א דִּ֚י מַלְכְוָת֙ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **greatness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “great.” Alternate translation: “everything that is great about the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
7:27 ry7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom דִּ֚י מַלְכְוָת֙ תְּח֣וֹת כָּל־שְׁמַיָּ֔א 1 The idiom **under the whole heaven** refers to all the kingdoms on earth. Alternate translation: “of all the kingdoms on earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7:27 eti4 מַלְכוּתֵהּ֙ 1 Alternate translation: “The kingdom of the Most High”
7:27 t3ct מַלְכ֣וּת עָלַ֔ם 1 Alternate translation: “will be a kingdom that will exist forever” or “will be a kingdom that will never end”
7:28 v6mq עַד־כָּ֖ה סוֹפָ֣א דִֽי־מִלְּתָ֑א 1 This means that Daniel has finished describing the vision. Alternate translation: “That is what I saw in my vision” or “This is the end of the description of what I saw in my vision”
8:intro cbk6 0 # Daniel 8 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The vision of the ram and the male goat\n\nAlthough specific interpretation of this vision is not given, most scholars believe Daniel saw Greece overthrowing Media-Persia before breaking up into four kingdoms. One of these kingdoms stopped the temple worship for a while and then it was restored. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])
8:1 rft5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage 0 # General Information:\n\nChapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. In Daniel’s vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
8:1 er4q בֵּלְאשַׁצַּ֣ר 1 **Belshazzar** is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md).
8:1 h9fw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background חָז֞וֹן נִרְאָ֤ה אֵלַי֙ & אַחֲרֵ֛י הַנִּרְאָ֥ה אֵלַ֖י בַּתְּחִלָּֽה 1 This is background information to remind the reader that this is Daniel’s second vision. Alternate translation: “had a second vision appear to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
8:2 t4xy הַבִּירָ֔ה 1 A **citadel** was a walled city that was guarded and protected.
8:2 m8kv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּשׁוּשַׁ֣ן & בְּעֵילָ֣ם & אוּבַ֥ל אוּלָֽי 1 **Susa**, **Elam**, and the **Ulai Canal** are names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8:2 jfs1 אוּבַ֥ל 1 A canal is a narrow man-made waterway.
8:3 kh4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage אַ֣יִל אֶחָ֗ד & וְל֣וֹ קְרָנָ֑יִם 1 It is normal for rams to have **two horns**. These horns, however, have symbolic meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
8:3 buj1 וְהָאַחַת֙ גְּבֹהָ֣ה מִן־הַשֵּׁנִ֔ית וְהַ֨גְּבֹהָ֔ה עֹלָ֖ה בָּאַחֲרֹנָֽה 1 Alternate translation: “but the longer one grew more slowly than the shorter one, and the shorter one grew to be even longer than it”
8:4 wrr2 רָאִ֣יתִי אֶת־הָאַ֡יִל מְנַגֵּחַ֩ 1 Alternate translation: “I saw the ram rushing” or “I saw the ram running very quickly”
8:4 s49e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מַצִּ֖יל מִיָּד֑וֹ 1 Rams do not have hands. Here **hand** refers to the ram’s power. Alternate translation: “to rescue anyone from him” or “to rescue anyone from his power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:5 npd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole עַל־פְּנֵ֣י כָל־הָאָ֔רֶץ 1 The phrase **the whole earth** is an exaggeration that means he came from far away. Alternate translation: “from far away across the surface of the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
8:5 jv2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהַ֨צָּפִ֔יר קֶ֥רֶן חָז֖וּת בֵּ֥ין עֵינָֽיו 1 Goats have two horns on the sides of their heads. This image should be explained. Alternate translation: “The goat had a single large horn in the center of his head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8:6 ith5 בַּחֲמַ֥ת כֹּחֽוֹ 1 Alternate translation: “and he was very angry”
8:7 u36k וַֽיִּרְמְסֵ֔הוּ 1 To trample something is to crush it by stepping on it.
8:7 hh82 לָאַ֖יִל מִיָּדֽוֹ 1 Alternate translation: “the ram from the goat because of his power”
8:8 kr6f וּצְפִ֥יר הָעִזִּ֖ים הִגְדִּ֣יל עַד־מְאֹ֑ד 1 Alternate translation: “the goat made himself very large and strong”
8:8 pt9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נִשְׁבְּרָה֙ הַקֶּ֣רֶן הַגְּדוֹלָ֔ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “something broke off the large horn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8:8 z9lm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לְאַרְבַּ֖ע רוּח֥וֹת הַשָּׁמָֽיִם 1 Here **the four winds of heaven** is an idiom that refers to the four main directions (north, east, south, west) from which the winds blow. Alternate translation: “in four different directions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
8:9 ys25 וַתִּגְדַּל־יֶ֛תֶר 1 Alternate translation: “but it became very large”
8:9 i3jg אֶל־הַנֶּ֥גֶב וְאֶל־הַמִּזְרָ֖ח וְאֶל־הַצֶּֽבִי 1 This probably means it pointed in those directions. This can be stated. Alternate translation: “and pointed toward the south and then toward the east and then toward the beautiful land of Israel”
8:9 umn2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הַצֶּֽבִי 1 This is a reference to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
8:10 pkh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification מִן־הַצָּבָ֥א וּמִן־הַכּוֹכָבִ֖ים וַֽתִּרְמְסֵֽם 1 Here the horn is given qualities of a person and is engaging in war. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
8:11 akq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 # General Information:\n\nThe horn is given additional qualities of a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
8:11 r2zz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שַֽׂר־הַצָּבָ֖א 1 This refers to God himself, who is the leader of the angel army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8:11 i4px וּמִמֶּ֨נּוּ֙ הרים הַתָּמִ֔יד 1 Here **took away** means the horn stopped the offering. Here **him** refers to God, the commander of the army. Alternate translation: “It stopped the people from making their regular burnt offering to him”
8:11 c2s4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְהֻשְׁלַ֖ךְ מְכ֥וֹן מִקְדָּשֽׁוֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it defiled his sanctuary” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8:12 y31h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְתַשְׁלֵ֤ךְ אֱמֶת֙ אַ֔רְצָה 1 The horn ignoring **truth** is spoken of as if it will throw truth to the ground. Alternate translation: “The horn will reject the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8:13 b9yz תֵּ֛ת וְקֹ֥דֶשׁ 1 Alternate translation: “the surrender of the sanctuary”
8:13 xj3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְצָבָ֖א מִרְמָֽס 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the horn trampling on heaven’s army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8:14 ed38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism עֶ֣רֶב בֹּ֔קֶר אַלְפַּ֖יִם וּשְׁלֹ֣שׁ מֵא֑וֹת 1 Here **evenings and mornings** is a merism that refers to everything in between, which means full days. Alternate translation: “2,300 sunsets and sunrises” or “2,300 days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
8:14 j3q3 וְנִצְדַּ֖ק קֹֽדֶשׁ 1 Alternate translation: “the temple will be purified and set in order again”
8:16 h4dz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche קוֹל־אָדָ֖ם בֵּ֣ין אוּלָ֑י וַיִּקְרָא֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר 1 Here a **man** is being referred to by his **voice**. Alternate translation: “a man calling from the Ulai Canal and saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8:17 c9ys rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וָאֶפְּלָ֖ה עַל־פָּנָ֑י 1 This is an act of worship in which someone lies flat on the ground. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
8:17 v6y5 לְעֶת־קֵ֥ץ 1 This does not refer to the final moment in time, but rather to the events that will happen immediately before the end. Alternate translation: “is for the final days” or “is for the end of the world”
8:18 c89u נִרְדַּ֥מְתִּי 1 This is a type of **sleep** when someone is sleeping heavily and does not wake up easily.
8:19 v9et rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַזָּ֑עַם 1 This refers to the time when God will judge. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the time when God judges in anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8:19 zif5 לְמוֹעֵ֥ד קֵֽץ 1 Alternate translation: “it refers to the time when the world will end”
8:20-26 bi9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 20-26, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represent human rulers and kingdoms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
8:20 k8n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מַלְכֵ֖י מָדַ֥י וּפָרָֽס 1 This could mean: (1) this refers to the kings of Media and Persia or (2) this is a metonym in which the kings represents the kingdoms of Media and Persia. Alternate translation: “represents the kingdoms of Media and Persia” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:21 j9y9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מֶ֣לֶךְ יָוָ֑ן 1 This could mean: (1) this refers to the king of Greece or (2) this is a metonym in which the king represents the kingdom of Greece. Alternate translation: “is the kingdom of Greece” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:21 h37i וְהַקֶּ֤רֶן הַגְּדוֹלָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בֵּין־עֵינָ֔יו ה֖וּא 1 Alternate translation: “and the large horn between his eyes represents”
8:22 qtr7 וְהַ֨נִּשְׁבֶּ֔רֶת וַתַּֽעֲמֹ֥דְנָה אַרְבַּ֖ע תַּחְתֶּ֑יהָ 1 Alternate translation: “Where the large horn was broken off, four others arose, which”
8:22 c6qn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַתַּֽעֲמֹ֥דְנָה אַרְבַּ֖ע תַּחְתֶּ֑יהָ אַרְבַּ֧ע מַלְכֻי֛וֹת 1 The **four** horns represent the four new **kingdoms**. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and they represent the four kingdoms into which the kingdom of the first king will be divided, and” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8:22 z39i וְלֹ֥א בְכֹחֽוֹ 1 Alternate translation: “but they will not have as much power as the king represented by the large horn”
8:23 gk83 וּֽבְאַחֲרִית֙ מַלְכוּתָ֔ם 1 Alternate translation: “As those kingdoms approach their end”
8:23 t2i5 כְּהָתֵ֖ם הַפֹּשְׁעִ֑ים 1 Alternate translation: “when the transgressors have reached their full” or “when those sinful kings have run their course”
8:23 x2ku עַז־פָּנִ֖ים 1 This means someone who looks defiant, or like he will refuse to obey.
8:24 ue1c כֹּחוֹ֙ וְלֹ֣א בְכֹח֔וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “but someone else will give him his power”
8:25 yq8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְהִצְלִ֤יחַ מִרְמָה֙ 1 Here **deceit** is spoken of as if it is a person who will prosper. Alternate translation: “the amount of deception will increase” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
8:25 u9tg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּיָד֔וֹ 1 Here **hand** refers to his rule. Alternate translation: “under his rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:25 f6qi שַׂר־שָׂרִים֙ 1 This refers to God.
8:25 cxx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּבְאֶ֥פֶס יָ֖ד 1 Here **hand** refers to power. This can be also stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “and … not by any human power” or “and … by divine power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:25 asi1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יִשָּׁבֵֽר 1 Here **he** refers to his power. Alternate translation: “his rule will end” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:26 cer6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor סְתֹ֣ם הֶֽחָז֔וֹן 1 The angel speaks about the vision as if it were a scroll that could be closed with a wax seal. This prevented anyone from seeing the contents until the seal was broken. Alternate translation: “close and seal up what you have written about the vision” or “do not tell anyone about the vision now” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8:27 us1l נִהְיֵ֤יתִי וְנֶֽחֱלֵ֨יתִי֙ יָמִ֔ים 1 Alternate translation: “was exhausted and lay in bed sick for several days”
8:27 c42h וָאֶֽעֱשֶׂ֖ה אֶת־מְלֶ֣אכֶת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 Alternate translation: “and did the work that the king had assigned to me”
8:27 v7gd וָאֶשְׁתּוֹמֵ֥ם עַל־הַמַּרְאֶ֖ה 1 Alternate translation: “I was dismayed by the vision” or “I was very confused by the vision”
9:intro sz7n 0 # Daniel 9 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Daniel told the future\n\nGabriel told Daniel a prophecy that Jerusalem would be rebuilt. Then later an anointed person would be killed and the worship at the temple stopped. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])\n\n### The unusual expression of numbers in 9:24-26\n\nThis passage uses the expressions “seventy sevens of years,” “seven sevens and sixty-two sevens,” and “sixty-two sevens of years” to denote ““490 years,” “49 years and then 434 years,” and “434 years,” respectively. The original language uses the idea of a “week” to express the idea of a group of sevens, but these numbers are clearly meant to denote years, not weeks. Most translators should use the ways normal in their languages to express these numbers.
9:1 a2ic 0 # General Information:\n\nChapters 7 and 8 were not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king. Chapter 9 now returns to the events of the reign of Darius who became king in chapter 6.
9:1 lvl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 This is background information about who Ahasuerus was. The UST places this in parentheses to make that clear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
9:1 y3g6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָמְלַ֔ךְ עַ֖ל מַלְכ֥וּת כַּשְׂדִּֽים 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who became king over the realm of the Babylonians” or “who conquered the Babylonians” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:1 m6bc עַ֖ל מַלְכ֥וּת 1 Alternate translation: “over the country of” or “over the kingdom of”
9:2 y2g1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers מִסְפַּ֣ר הַשָּׁנִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיָ֤ה דְבַר־יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יִרְמִיָ֣ה הַנָּבִ֔יא לְמַלֹּ֛אות לְחָרְב֥וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם שִׁבְעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה 1 Alternate translation: “from the time Jerusalem was destroyed, it would remain in ruins for 70 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9:2 zrc4 לְחָרְב֥וֹת 1 This means no one would help or rebuild Jerusalem during that time.
9:3 xi1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וָאֶתְּנָ֣ה אֶת־פָּנַ֗י אֶל־אֲדֹנָי֙ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים 1 Here **face** represents Daniel’s attention. Alternate translation: “I focused my attention on the Lord God” or “I directed my thoughts toward the Lord God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:3 v1yi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְבַקֵּ֥שׁ 1 Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:3 ni5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction בְּצ֖וֹם וְשַׂ֥ק וָאֵֽפֶר 1 These are symbolic acts of repentance and sorrow. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
9:4 q4bd שֹׁמֵ֤ר הַבְּרִית֙ וְֽהַחֶ֔סֶד לְאֹהֲבָ֖יו 1 Alternate translation: “who does what you said you would do in your covenant, and you faithfully love those”
9:5 bz6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism חָטָ֥אנוּ וְעָוִ֖ינוּ 1 These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
9:5 ie62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism והרשענו וּמָרָ֑דְנוּ 1 These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
9:5 fu8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet מִמִּצְוֺתֶ֖ךָ וּמִמִּשְׁפָּטֶֽיךָ 1 The words **commandments** and **ordinances** share similar meanings and refer to the whole law. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
9:6 x5wh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְלֹ֤א שָׁמַ֨עְנוּ֙ אֶל־עֲבָדֶ֣יךָ הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים 1 Here **not listened** means they did not obey their message. Alternate translation: “We have not obeyed the message of your prophets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:6 hp4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דִּבְּרוּ֙ בְּשִׁמְךָ֔ 1 Here **name** refers to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “spoke with your authority” or “spoke as your representative” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:6 et6z עַ֥ם הָאָֽרֶץ 1 Here **land** refers to Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelite people”
9:7 fy69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְךָ֤ אֲדֹנָי֙ הַצְּדָקָ֔ה 1 Being righteous is spoken of as if **righteousness** were an object that **belongs(( to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Lord, you are righteous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:7 w8bv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְךָ֤ אֲדֹנָי֙ הַצְּדָקָ֔ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “righteous.” Alternate translation: “Lord, you are righteous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
9:7 x7i6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְלָ֛נוּ בֹּ֥שֶׁת הַפָּנִ֖ים 1 Being ashamed is spoken of as if **shame** were an object that belongs to people. Alternate translation: “but we are ashamed of what we have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:7 ij68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְלָ֛נוּ בֹּ֥שֶׁת הַפָּנִ֖ים 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **shame**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “ashamed.” Alternate translation: “but we are ashamed of what we have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
9:7 k8fa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive וְלָ֛נוּ 1 The word **us** includes Daniel and the Israelites, but it does not include God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
9:7 kk5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בֹּ֥שֶׁת הַפָּנִ֖ים 1 This idiom means their **shame** is visible to all. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
9:7 u1gy בְּמַעֲלָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָֽעֲלוּ־בָֽךְ 1 Alternate translation: “because we greatly betrayed you” or “because we were very unfaithful to you”
9:9 vqm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַֽאדֹנָ֣י אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ הָרַחֲמִ֖ים וְהַסְּלִח֑וֹת 1 Having these traits is spoken of as if they belonged to the Lord. Alternate translation: “The Lord our God is compassionate and forgives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:10 kf4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְלֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔עְנוּ בְּק֖וֹל יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ 1 Here **voice** refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “and we have not obeyed what Yahweh told us to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:11 b68w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְס֕וֹר 1 The words **turned aside** mean that Israel stopped obeying God’s laws. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
9:11 n3rz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַתִּתַּ֨ךְ עָלֵ֜ינוּ 1 The abundance of the curse and the oath are spoken of as if they were **poured out** like water. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:11 axe0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַתִּתַּ֨ךְ עָלֵ֜ינוּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have brought upon us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:11 qk6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֤ר כְּתוּבָה֙ בְּתוֹרַת֙ מֹשֶׁ֣ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that Moses wrote about in the law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:12 n2ng rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom תַּ֚חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם 1 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “in the whole world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
9:12 l46l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹֽא־נֶעֶשְׂתָ֗ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “nothing has happened” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:12 vbx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר נֶעֶשְׂתָ֖ה בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “like what you have done to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:13 c1fb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר כָּתוּב֙ בְּתוֹרַ֣ת מֹשֶׁ֔ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “As Moses wrote in the law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:13 sk3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לָשׁוּב֙ מֵֽעֲוֺנֵ֔נוּ 1 Here stopping evil activity is spoken of as turning away from them. Alternate translation: “stopping our evil actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
9:14 dxb5 וַיִּשְׁקֹ֤ד יְהוָה֙ עַל־הָ֣רָעָ֔ה 1 Alternate translation: “Yahweh has prepared this disaster”
9:14 up2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖עְנוּ בְּקֹלֽוֹ 1 Here **voice** refers to the things that Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “but we have not done what he told us to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:15 wi6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּיָ֣ד חֲזָקָ֔ה 1 Here **mighty hand** is a metonym for strength. Alternate translation: “with great strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:15 k82d וַתַּֽעַשׂ־לְךָ֥ שֵׁ֖ם כַּיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “and you caused people to know how great you are, as you still do today”
9:15 u2zs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism חָטָ֖אנוּ רָשָֽׁעְנוּ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize how bad sin is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
9:15 h9ad rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive חָטָ֖אנוּ רָשָֽׁעְנוּ 1 Daniel and Israel **sinned** and did **wicked** things, but **we** does not include God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
9:16 zd1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet אַפְּךָ֙ וַחֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ 1 The words **anger** and **wrath** mean basically the same thing and emphasize how terrible God’s anger is when he acts on it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
9:16 g4t8 הַר־קָדְשֶׁ֑ךָ 1 This **mountain** may be **holy** because God’s temple is there. Alternate translation: “the mountain where your holy temple is”
9:16 t4wb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive בַחֲטָאֵ֨ינוּ֙ & אֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ 1 Here **our** refers to Daniel and Israel, but not to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
9:16 qcc3 לְחֶרְפָּ֖ה 1 Alternate translation: “have become a target of disrespect”
9:17 e6hv וְעַתָּ֣ה 1 This phrase shows that the next phase in Daniel’s prayer is about to start.
9:17 u437 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person עַבְדְּךָ֙ & תַּ֣חֲנוּנָ֔יו 1 The words **your servant** and **his** here refer to Daniel. He speaks about himself in the third person as a sign of respect for God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
9:17 a4vq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְהָאֵ֣ר פָּנֶ֔יךָ עַל 1 The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably as if Yahweh’s face shone a light. Alternate translation: “act kindly toward” or “act with favor toward” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:17 b52l מִקְדָּשְׁךָ֖ 1 This refers to the temple in Jerusalem.
9:18 sv8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הַטֵּ֨ה & אָזְנְךָ֮ 1 To **incline … your ear** is an idiom that means to listen. Alternate translation: “please listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
9:18 qi58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet הַטֵּ֨ה & אָזְנְךָ֮ וּֽשֲׁמָע֒ 1 These two phrases means the same thing and emphasize Daniel’s desire for God to listen to his prayer. Alternate translation: “please listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
9:18 jqa4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom פקחה עֵינֶ֗יךָ 1 To **open your eyes** is an idiom that means to see. Alternate translation: “notice us” or “pay attention” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
9:18 tlxu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet פקחה עֵינֶ֗יךָ וּרְאֵה֙ 1 These two phrases means the same thing and emphasize Daniel’s desire for God to pay attention to his prayer. Alternate translation: “notice us” or “pay attention” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
9:18 gw8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy נִקְרָ֥א שִׁמְךָ֖ 1 Here **name** represents ownership. Alternate translation: “is your city” or “belongs to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:19 y5zw אַל־תְּאַחַ֑ר 1 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “act quickly”
9:20 n3ma עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 Alternate translation: “the people of Israel to whom I belong”
9:21 tmu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהָאִ֣ישׁ גַּבְרִיאֵ֡ל 1 This is the same angel **Gabriel** who appeared in the form of a **man** in [Daniel 8:16](../08/16.md). Alternate translation: “Gabriel, who appeared as a man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
9:21 m9dw בֶחָז֤וֹן בַּתְּחִלָּה֙ 1 This may refer to the first **vision** that Daniel had while he was awake. Alternate translation: “in the previous vision” or “in the vision I saw before” or “in a vision before”
9:21 ud8s מֻעָ֣ף בִּיעָ֔ף נֹגֵ֣עַ אֵלַ֔י 1 Alternate translation: “flew down to me quickly”
9:21 i2as כְּעֵ֖ת מִנְחַת־עָֽרֶב 1 The Jewish people sacrificed to God each evening just before the sun went down.
9:22 i4uk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet לְהַשְׂכִּילְךָ֥ בִינָֽה 1 The words **insight** and **understanding** mean the same thing and emphasize that Gabriel will help Daniel to understand the message completely. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
9:23 bj8w יָצָ֣א דָבָ֗ר 1 Alternate translation: “God gave the order”
9:23 ke8t וּבִין֙ בַּדָּבָ֔ר 1 Alternate translation: “Therefore think about this message”
9:23 dn8d בַּמַּרְאֶֽה 1 This refers back to the prophesy of Jeremiah in [Daniel 9:2](../09/02.md).
9:24 tn7g שָׁבֻעִ֨ים שִׁבְעִ֜ים נֶחְתַּ֥ךְ עַֽל־עַמְּךָ֣ ׀ וְעַל־עִ֣יר קָדְשֶׁ֗ךָ 1 God decreed that he would do the things in this verse for the people and the holy city.
9:24 x7sx שָׁבֻעִ֨ים שִׁבְעִ֜ים 1 This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. Alternate translation: “Seventy times seven years”
9:24 vmn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you עַמְּךָ֣ ׀ וְעַל־עִ֣יר קָדְשֶׁ֗ךָ 1 The word **your** here refers to Daniel. The **people** are the Israelites and the **holy city** is Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
9:24 v75s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism לְכַלֵּ֨א הַפֶּ֜שַׁע ולחתם חטאות 1 The idea is repeated to emphasize how certain it is that this will happen. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
9:24 dt4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְלַחְתֹּם֙ חָז֣וֹן וְנָבִ֔יא 1 Here **seal up** is an idiom that means to accomplish. Alternate translation: “to accomplish vision and prophesy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
9:24 z31h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חָז֣וֹן וְנָבִ֔יא 1 These words in this context mean the same thing. They ensure Daniel that Jeremiah’s vision was indeed a prophecy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
9:25 z58t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet וְתֵדַ֨ע וְתַשְׂכֵּ֜ל 1 These words are used together to make the importance clear. Alternate translation: “You must clearly understand” or “You must know for sure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
9:25 cc6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction מָשִׁ֣יחַ 1 Anointing is a symbolic act to show that someone is chosen. Alternate translation: “the person that God anoints” or “the person that God chooses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
9:25 hg9s שָׁבֻעִ֖ים שִׁבְעָ֑ה וְשָׁבֻעִ֞ים שִׁשִּׁ֣ים וּשְׁנַ֗יִם 1 This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. Alternate translation: “there will be seven times seven years and sixty-two times seven years”
9:25 mg6r שָׁבֻעִ֖ים שִׁבְעָ֑ה וְשָׁבֻעִ֞ים שִׁשִּׁ֣ים וּשְׁנַ֗יִם 1 These numbers added together are 69 of the 70 sevens spoken of in verse 24.
9:25 tg7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִבְנְתָה֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will rebuild Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:25 gs6w וְחָר֔וּץ 1 A **moat** was a deep ditch around a city or building to protect it, usually with water in it.
9:25 q3nq וּבְצ֖וֹק הָעִתִּֽים 1 Alternate translation: “but in a time of great trouble”
9:26 t9v5 הַשָּׁבֻעִים֙ שִׁשִּׁ֣ים וּשְׁנַ֔יִם 1 This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. See how you translated this number in [Daniel 9:25](../09/25.md). Alternate translation: “sixty-two times seven”
9:26 pru6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִכָּרֵ֥ת מָשִׁ֖יחַ וְאֵ֣ין ל֑וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will destroy the anointed one and he will have nothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:26 nzv4 מָשִׁ֖יחַ 1 Anointing is a symbolic act to show that someone is chosen. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 9:25](../09/25.md). Alternate translation: “the person that God anoints” or “the person that God chooses”
9:26 bn3z נָגִ֤יד הַבָּא֙ 1 This is a foreign ruler, not “the anointed one.” Alternate translation: “of a foreign ruler who will come” or “of a powerful ruler who will come”
9:26 hpa8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְקִצּ֣וֹ בַשֶּׁ֔טֶף 1 The army will destroy the city and the holy place just as a **flood** destroys things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:26 ite5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נֶחֱרֶ֖צֶת שֹׁמֵמֽוֹת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has decreed ruin for the city and sanctuary” or “God has declared that the enemy army will destroy everything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:27 a45k וְהִגְבִּ֥יר & יַשְׁבִּ֣ית 1 Here **He** and **he** refer to the coming ruler who will destroy the anointed one.
9:27 zqk4 שָׁב֣וּעַ אֶחָ֑ד וַחֲצִ֨י הַשָּׁב֜וּעַ 1 Here **seven** is used to refer to a period of seven years. Alternate translation: “for seven years. Halfway through the seven years”
9:27 rr1b יַשְׁבִּ֣ית 1 Alternate translation: “he will stop” or “he will halt”
9:27 jsh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet זֶ֣בַח וּמִנְחָ֗ה 1 These words basically mean the same thing. The repetition is to show that the ruler will prevent all types of sacrifices. Alternate translation: “all forms of sacrificing” or “every type of offering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
9:27 e962 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כְּנַ֤ף שִׁקּוּצִים֙ 1 This may refer to the defensive structures on top of the walls of the temple, which are called **abominations** because they are full of idols. Alternate translation: “the walls of the temple that are full of abominations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:27 l267 מְשֹׁמֵ֔ם 1 Alternate translation: “will come a person who completely destroys”
9:27 i8lk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כָּלָה֙ וְנֶ֣חֱרָצָ֔ה תִּתַּ֖ךְ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has poured out completely all the destruction that he decreed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:27 e203 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כָּלָה֙ וְנֶ֣חֱרָצָ֔ה תִּתַּ֖ךְ 1 Here “pouring out" is an idiom for bringing **destruction** upon this person. Alternate translation: “God has decreed that he will bring about the complete destruction that he has decreed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
9:27 t53m שֹׁמֵֽם 1 Alternate translation: “the person who caused the destruction”
10:intro rcw2 0 # Daniel 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a section where Daniel is given a prophecy about the future from an angel. This section continues for the remainder of the book. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
10:1 if3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בִּשְׁנַ֣ת שָׁל֗וֹשׁ לְכ֨וֹרֶשׁ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ 1 Alternate translation: “In year 3 of the rule of Cyrus the king of Persia” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
10:1 mci4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive דָּבָר֙ נִגְלָ֣ה לְדָֽנִיֵּ֔אל 1 This can also be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God revealed a message to Daniel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:4 s7nc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths וּבְי֛וֹם עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֖ה לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן 1 This is the **first month** of the Hebrew calendar. The **twenty-fourth day** is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
10:5 p8b1 וּמָתְנָ֥יו חֲגֻרִ֖ים בְּכֶ֥תֶם 1 Alternate translation: “and he was wearing a belt of pure gold”
10:5 q62t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אוּפָֽז 1 **Uphaz** is a place. Its location is not known (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10:6 pv61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וּגְוִיָּת֣וֹ כְתַרְשִׁ֗ישׁ 1 His body gleamed with blue or yellow light as if it were made of **topaz**. Alternate translation: “His body gleamed like topaz” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
10:6 yce2 כְתַרְשִׁ֗ישׁ 1 The word **topaz** refers to a blue or yellow gemstone, also known as beryl, peridot, or chrysolite.
10:6 e9xc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וּפָנָ֞יו כְּמַרְאֵ֤ה בָרָק֙ 1 His **face** shone brightly as a bolt of **lightning** shines. Alternate translation: “his face shone with light as bright as the flash of lightning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
10:6 v1ew rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וְעֵינָיו֙ כְּלַפִּ֣ידֵי אֵ֔שׁ 1 His **eyes** were bright with light as if they were **flaming torches**. Alternate translation: “his eyes were so bright that it seemed they had torches burning inside them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
10:6 ugr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וּזְרֹֽעֹתָיו֙ וּמַרְגְּלֹתָ֔יו כְּעֵ֖ין נְחֹ֣שֶׁת קָלָ֑ל 1 His **arms** and **feet** were as shiny as if they were made of **polished bronze**. Alternate translation: “his arms and feet shone like polished bronze that reflects the light around it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
10:6 vkv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וְק֥וֹל דְּבָרָ֖יו כְּק֥וֹל הָמֽוֹן 1 His voice was so loud that it was as if a crowd of people were all talking loudly. Alternate translation: “and his voice was as loud as a huge crowd all calling out together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
10:8 gpj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַאֲנִי֙ נִשְׁאַ֣רְתִּי לְבַדִּ֔י וָֽאֶרְאֶ֗ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “So no one was with me, and I saw” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:8 tiw7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְלֹ֥א נִשְׁאַר־בִּ֖י כֹּ֑ח 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “I became weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:9 kc4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַאֲנִ֗י הָיִ֛יתִי נִרְדָּ֥ם עַל־פָּנַ֖י וּפָנַ֥י אָֽרְצָה 1 Possible meanings are: (1) Daniel was so scared by what he saw that he deliberately laid on the ground, where he then fainted or (2) Daniel fainted and then fell forward onto the ground. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
10:10 q7sg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche יָ֖ד נָ֣גְעָה בִּ֑י 1 Here a person’s **hand** represents that person, probably the man whom Daniel saw in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md). Alternate translation: “someone touched me with his hand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
10:11 uuf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive דָּנִיֵּ֣אל אִישׁ־חֲ֠מֻדוֹת 1 This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Daniel, you whom God greatly treasures” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:11 r2td חֲ֠מֻדוֹת 1 Alternate translation: “much valued and loved”
10:12 xbp6 נָתַ֧תָּ אֶֽת־לִבְּךָ֛ לְהָבִ֧ין 1 Alternate translation: “you determined to understand the vision”
10:12 n99a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נִשְׁמְע֣וּ דְבָרֶ֑יךָ 1 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God heard your words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:13 qc85 וְשַׂ֣ר 1 Here this refers to a spirit who has authority over a human nation. Alternate translation: “But the spirit prince of”
10:13 as4y מִֽיכָאֵ֗ל אַחַ֛ד הַשָּׂרִ֥ים הָרִאשֹׁנִ֖ים 1 Alternate translation: “Michael, one of the chief angels” or “Michael, one of the archangels”
10:13 rag2 מַלְכֵ֥י פָרָֽס 1 This probably refers to the various **kings** who ruled over nations in the Persian Empire, and who had to obey the king of **Persia**.
10:15 lq7d נָתַ֧תִּי פָנַ֛י אַ֖רְצָה 1 Daniel may have done this to show humble reverence, or because he was afraid. Alternate translation: “I looked at the ground”
10:16 dt5j כִּדְמוּת֙ בְּנֵ֣י אָדָ֔ם נֹגֵ֖עַ 1 This may refer to the one who had just spoken to Daniel. However, some versions interpret it as referring to a different person. Alternate translation: “one who looked like a human touched”
10:16 wv9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כִּדְמוּת֙ בְּנֵ֣י אָדָ֔ם 1 Here this expression refers to human beings in general. Alternate translation: “who was like a human being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
10:16 na7s צִירַי֙ 1 This refers to severe emotional suffering.
10:17 t4pn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְהֵ֣יךְ יוּכַ֗ל עֶ֤בֶד אֲדֹנִי֙ זֶ֔ה לְדַבֵּ֖ר עִם־אֲדֹ֣נִי זֶ֑ה 1 Daniel asks this question meaning that he cannot speak to the angel because he is not the angel’s equal. Alternate translation: “I am not able to answer you because I am only your servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
10:17 by59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּנְשָׁמָ֖ה לֹ֥א נִשְׁאֲרָה־בִֽי 1 This idiom refers to breathing. Alternate translation: “and I cannot breathe” or “and it is very hard to breathe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
10:18 wh3x כְּמַרְאֵ֥ה אָדָ֖ם 1 Alternate translation: “the one who looked like a human”
10:19 w36n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אִישׁ־חֲמֻד֛וֹת 1 This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you whom God greatly treasures” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:19 j55a חֲזַ֣ק וַחֲזָ֑ק 1 The words **Be strong** and **be strong** are repeated for emphasis.
10:19 u5hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הִתְחַזַּ֔קְתִּי 1 This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I became strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:20 tku1 שַׂ֣ר פָּרָ֑ס 1 Here **prince** refers to a spirit who rules and guards a human nation. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 10:13](../10/13.md). Alternate translation: “the spirit prince of Persia”
10:21 k4rh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲבָל֙ אַגִּ֣יד לְךָ֔ 1 This implies that the angel will tell Daniel about this immediately, before he goes away. Alternate translation: “But first I will tell you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
10:21 gx6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֶת־הָרָשׁ֥וּם בִּכְתָ֖ב אֱמֶ֑ת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what the Book of Truth says” or “what someone wrote in the Book of Truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:21 x9us וְאֵ֨ין אֶחָ֜ד מִתְחַזֵּ֤ק עִמִּי֙ עַל־אֵ֔לֶּה כִּ֥י אִם־מִיכָאֵ֖ל שַׂרְכֶֽם 1 Alternate translation: “Michael your prince is the only one to show himself strong with me against them” or “Michael your prince is the only one who helps me against them”
10:21 t5rl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you מִיכָאֵ֖ל שַׂרְכֶֽם 1 The word **your** is plural. It refers to Daniel and the rest of the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Michael, the prince of your people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
10:21 p2z5 מִיכָאֵ֖ל שַׂרְכֶֽם 1 Translate “prince” when it refers to Michael as you did [Daniel 10:13](../10/13.md). Alternate translation: “Michael your guardian angel”
11:intro ee96 0 # Daniel 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe final prophecy continues in this chapter. The kings of the North and of the South will fight many wars against each other. The king of the South is probably a reference to Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
11:1 iik8 0 # General Information:\n\nIn Daniel 11:1 through 12:4, the one who was speaking to Daniel in chapter 10 tells him what is written in the book of truth. This is as he said he would do in [Daniel 10:21](../10/21.md).
11:1 rm8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בִּשְׁנַ֣ת אַחַ֔ת לְדָרְיָ֖וֶשׁ הַמָּדִ֑י 1 **Darius** was the King of the Medes. Here, the **first year** refers to the first year that he was king. Alternate translation: “in the first year of the reign of Darius the king of the Medes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:2 eq9g עוֹד֩ שְׁלֹשָׁ֨ה מְלָכִ֜ים עֹמְדִ֣ים לְפָרַ֗ס 1 Alternate translation: “three other kings will rule over Persia”
11:2 ed2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal וְהָֽרְבִיעִי֙ יַעֲשִׁ֤יר עֹֽשֶׁר־גָּדוֹל֙ מִכֹּ֔ל 1 Alternate translation: “and after them a fourth king will come into power who will have more money than the three before him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
11:2 e62r יָעִ֣יר הַכֹּ֔ל 1 Alternate translation: “he will cause everyone to want to fight”
11:3 l9xy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְעָמַ֖ד מֶ֣לֶךְ גִּבּ֑וֹר 1 The idea of rising up or standing is often used for someone who becomes powerful. Alternate translation: “Then a mighty king will begin to reign” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:3 xg79 וּמָשַׁל֙ מִמְשָׁ֣ל רַ֔ב 1 This could mean: (1) that the size of this kingdom would be very great, or (2) that the king would rule his kingdom with very great power.
11:4 ti9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּשָּׁבֵ֣ר מַלְכוּת֔וֹ וְתֵחָ֕ץ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his kingdom will break apart and divide” or “his kingdom will break apart into pieces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:4 ewb2 לְאַרְבַּ֖ע רוּח֣וֹת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם 1 See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:2](../07/02.md).
11:4 v3mc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְלֹ֣א לְאַחֲרִית֗וֹ 1 The idea of not being divided and shared out is implied here. Alternate translation: “but it will not be divided for his own descendants” or “but it will not be shared by his own descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
11:4 a3z5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִנָּתֵשׁ֙ מַלְכוּת֔וֹ וְלַאֲחֵרִ֖ים מִלְּבַד־אֵֽלֶּה 1 The kingdom is spoken of as if it were a plant that someone destroyed by uprooting it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:4 f8ug rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִנָּתֵשׁ֙ מַלְכוּת֔וֹ וְלַאֲחֵרִ֖ים מִלְּבַד־אֵֽלֶּה 1 This idea can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “another power will uproot and destroy his kingdom and others who are not his descendants will rule over it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:5 xd9k וּמִן־שָׂרָ֑יו וְיֶחֱזַ֤ק עָלָיו֙ וּמָשָׁ֔ל מִמְשָׁ֥ל רַ֖ב מֶמְשַׁלְתּֽוֹ 1 A commander of the king of the South will become the king of the North.
11:6 lv1j יִתְחַבָּ֔רוּ 1 The king of the South **will make an alliance** with the king of the North. This alliance would be a formal agreement that both nations are required to follow. Alternate translation: “the king of the South and the king of the North will promise to work together”
11:6 n6pd וּבַ֣ת מֶֽלֶךְ־הַנֶּ֗גֶב תָּבוֹא֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ הַצָּפ֔וֹן לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת מֵישָׁרִ֑ים 1 The **king of the South** will give his **daughter** in marriage to the **king of the North**. The marriage will confirm the **agreement** between the two kings.
11:6 lf4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כּ֣וֹחַ הַזְּר֗וֹעַ & וּזְרֹע֔וֹ 1 Here **arm** stands for power. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:6 d6vs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְתִנָּתֵ֨ן הִ֤יא 1 This appears to refer to a plot to kill her and those who made the alliance. This phrase may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “They will abandon her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:7 dvw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִנֵּ֥צֶר שָׁרָשֶׁ֖יהָ 1 This family is spoken of as if it were a tree. The **roots** represent ancestors, and the **branch** represents a descendant. Alternate translation: “a descendant of her ancestors” or “one of her descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:7 rfw3 שָׁרָשֶׁ֖יהָ 1 The word **her** refers to the daughter of the king of the South in [Daniel 11:6](../11/06.md).
11:7 u8jk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְיָבֹ֣א אֶל־הַחַ֗יִל 1 The word **he** refers to her descendant, and here it also refers to his **army**. Alternate translation: “He and his army will attack the army of the king of the North” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
11:7 jj5j וְעָשָׂ֥ה בָהֶ֖ם 1 Here **them** refers to the soldiers of the enemy army. Alternate translation: “He will fight the enemy soldiers”
11:9 lpm6 וּבָ֗א 1 The word **he** refers to the king of the North.
11:10 b8ne ובנו 1 Alternate translation: “The sons of the king of the North”
11:10 d4ad וְאָסְפוּ֙ הֲמוֹן֙ חֲיָלִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים 1 Alternate translation: “and gather together many men who can fight in battles”
11:10 t3xu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וְשָׁטַ֣ף 1 The way the large army covers the land will be like a **flood** of water. Alternate translation: “and will be so great in number that they will cover all the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
11:11 z45y וְהֶעֱמִיד֙ הָמ֣וֹן רָ֔ב 1 Alternate translation: “Then he will assemble a great army”
11:11 b9zi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְנִתַּ֥ן הֶהָמ֖וֹן בְּיָדֽוֹ 1 Here **hand** represents the control of the king of the South. Alternate translation: “and the multitude will be defeated by the king of the South” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:11 wzt8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִתַּ֥ן הֶהָמ֖וֹן בְּיָדֽוֹ 1 You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the king of the North will surrender his army to the king of the South” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:12 dv6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִשָּׂ֥א הֶהָמ֖וֹן 1 You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “When the king of the South captures the army of the North” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:12 sc8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ירום 1 Being **lifted** up represents the idea of becoming very proud. Alternate translation: “will become very proud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:12 yul2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְהִפִּ֛יל רִבֹּא֖וֹת 1 Here falling represents dying in battle. Alternate translation: “and he will have his army kill many thousands of his enemies” or “and he will kill many thousands of his enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:14 d4rt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רַבִּ֥ים יַֽעַמְד֖וּ עַל־מֶ֣לֶךְ הַנֶּ֑גֶב 1 Here the idea of rising up represents rebelling. Alternate translation: “many people will rebel against the king of the South” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:14 l5gp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּבְנֵ֣י ׀ פָּרִיצֵ֣י 1 This expression stands for violent people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:14 rd3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְנִכְשָֽׁלוּ 1 Here stumbling represents failing. Alternate translation: “but they will not succeed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:15 eu1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְיָבֹא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הַצָּפ֔וֹן 1 Here **king of the North** includes his army also. Alternate translation: “Then the army of the king of the North will come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
11:15 tqb1 וְיִשְׁפֹּךְ֙ סֽוֹלֲלָ֔ה 1 This refers to the piling up of earth in order for soldiers to reach the height of city walls in order to attack them. Soldiers and slaves would put loose earth in baskets, carry them to the right place, and pour it out in order to raise the mounds.
11:15 f3vi מִבְצָר֑וֹת 1 This refers to the walls and other things built to defend a city or fort from enemy soldiers.
11:15 em5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְאֵ֥ין כֹּ֖חַ לַעֲמֹֽד 1 Here standing represents the ability to fight. Alternate translation: “will be able to keep fighting against them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:16 nm4j וְיַ֨עַשׂ הַבָּ֤א אֵלָיו֙ כִּרְצוֹנ֔וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “But the invading king will do whatever he wants against the other king”
11:16 zl4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְיַעֲמֹ֥ד 1 Here standing represents ruling. Alternate translation: “The king will begin to rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:16 d31f בְּאֶֽרֶץ־הַצְּבִ֖י 1 This refers to the land of Israel. See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:9](../08/09.md).
11:16 bmr3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְכָלָ֥ה בְיָדֽוֹ 1 Here **destruction** represents the power to destroy. Also, the power to destroy is spoken of as if it were something that someone could hold **in his hand**. Alternate translation: “and he will have power to destroy anything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:17 cr5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְיָשֵׂ֣ם ׀ פָּ֠נָיו 1 This is an idiom for a person deciding to do something and not being willing to change his mind. Alternate translation: “He will decide” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:17 hz1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לָב֞וֹא בְּתֹ֧קֶף כָּל־מַלְכוּת֛וֹ 1 This probably refers to military power. Alternate translation: “to come with the force of all his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:17 pl8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּבַ֤ת הַנָּשִׁים֙ 1 This is an elegant way of saying “a woman.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:18 y98a וְהִשְׁבִּ֨ית קָצִ֤ין חֶרְפָּתוֹ֙ ל֔וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “But a commander will make the king of the North stop being arrogant”
11:18 t5p9 חֶרְפָּת֖וֹ יָשִׁ֥יב לֽוֹ 1 Alternate translation: “he will cause the king of the North to suffer because he was arrogant toward others”
11:19 ef5y וְיָשֵׁ֣ב פָּנָ֔יו לְמָעוּזֵּ֖י 1 Alternate translation: “the king of the North begin to focus on the fortresses of”
11:19 x9wd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְלֹ֥א יִמָּצֵֽא 1 This is a way of saying that he will die. Alternate translation: “and he will no longer live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:19 kyl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְלֹ֥א יִמָּצֵֽא 1 This idea can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will disappear” or “he will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:20 kdc5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְעָמַ֧ד עַל־כַּנּ֛וֹ מַעֲבִ֥יר נוֹגֵ֖שׂ 1 Rising up in a king’s place represents becoming king in place of the previous king. Alternate translation: “another man will become king of the North instead of that king and he will send a tax collector” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:20 c17c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִשָּׁבֵ֔ר 1 Here **he** refers to the new king. Being **broken** represents dying. Alternate translation: “the new king will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:20 j9t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְלֹ֥א בְאַפַּ֖יִם 1 This could mean: (1) no one was angry at the king, or (2) that the occasion and cause of the king’s death were kept secret. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:21 jzb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נִבְזֶ֔ה וְלֹא־נָתְנ֥וּ עָלָ֖יו ה֣וֹד מַלְכ֑וּת 1 The people will refuse to acknowledge him as king because he is not a descendant of kings. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “a person whom the people will despise and will not honor as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:22 h918 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּזְרֹע֥וֹת הַשֶּׁ֛טֶף יִשָּׁטְפ֥וּ מִלְּפָנָ֖יו 1 Being **swept away** represents being destroyed. Alternate translation: “And his army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys everything in its path” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:22 so1c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 1 Being swept away represents being destroyed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “His army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys everything in its path” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
11:22 pp6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Both that army and the leader of the covenant will be destroyed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will destroy that army and the leader of the covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:22 kdw5 the leader of the covenant 0 “the leader of the priests.” This phrase refers to the person who filled the most important religious position that God required in his covenant, that of the high priest.
11:23 ws3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive From the time an alliance is made with him 0 This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When other rulers make a peace treaty with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:24 ml78 will spread among his followers 0 Alternate translation: “will distribute to his followers”
11:24 e41l the booty, the plunder, and the wealth 0 Alternate translation: “the valuable things that he and his army take from the people they defeat”
11:25 gu4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification He will wake up his power and his heart 0 Power and heart (that is, courage) are spoken of as if they were people whom someone could wake up in order to make them act. Alternate translation: “He will make himself powerful and will become courageous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
11:25 xr4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor heart 0 Here this represents courage. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:25 l4sg with a great army 0 Alternate translation: “with a great army that he will assemble”
11:25 iy35 will wage war 0 Alternate translation: “will fight against him”
11:25 a8rn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he will not stand 0 Not standing represents being defeated. Alternate translation: “the king of the South will be defeated” or “his army will be defeated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:26 q6x3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy those who eat his fine food 0 This refers to the king’s advisers. It was usual for a king’s most trusted advisers to eat meals with him. Alternate translation: “the king’s best advisers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:26 ia23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor His army will be swept away like a flood 0 Here the severe defeat of an army is spoken of as a flood of water that completely sweeps it away. Alternate translation: “The enemy will completely defeat his army” or “His enemy will completely destroy his army as a flood destroys everything in its path” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:26 vhr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom many of them will fall killed 0 Here “fall” is an idiom that refers to dying in battle, so “fall” and “killed” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “many of his soldiers will die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
11:27 uf6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor with their hearts set on evil against each other 0 Here “heart” represents a person’s desires. Desires are spoken of here as if they were an object that someone could set or place in a certain position. Alternate translation: “each determined to do evil to the other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:27 hy3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy will sit at the same table 0 Sitting at the same table represents the act of talking to each other. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:27 l9y8 but it will be of no use 0 Alternate translation: “but their talking will not help them”
11:27 yqf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive For the end will come at the time that has been fixed 0 This tells why their meetings will not be successful. Alternate translation: “The result of their actions will only come at the time that God has fixed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:28 gj2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy riches, with his heart set against the holy covenant 0 Here “heart” represents the mind or thoughts of a person. The idiom “his heart set against” means to be determined to oppose something. This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “riches. He will be determined to oppose the holy covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:28 bn8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with his heart set against the holy covenant 0 The king’s desire to act against the holy covenant represents his desire to stop the Israelites from obeying that covenant. Alternate translation: “determined to stop the Israelites from obeying the holy covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:28 x22z the holy covenant 0 Here “holy” describes God’s covenant with Israel. It implies that the covenant should be honored and obeyed because it comes from God himself. Alternate translation: “God’s covenant, which all the Israelites should obey”
11:28 cg5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit He will act 0 This implies that the king will do certain actions in Israel. Alternate translation: “He will do what he wants to in Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:30 ql6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ships of Kittim will come against him 0 The ships represent the army coming in those ships. Alternate translation: “an army will come from Kittim in ships in order to fight his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:30 vt1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kittim 0 This may refer to a settlement on the island of Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11:30 n36n He will be furious against the holy covenant 0 Alternate translation: “He will hate the holy covenant”
11:30 y4cm will show favor to those 0 Alternate translation: “will act in favor for those” or “will help those”
11:31 n2xy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom His forces will rise up 0 “His army will appear” or “His army will come.” The word “His” refers to the king of the North. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:31 cjf5 the fortress sanctuary 0 Alternate translation: “the sanctuary that the people use as a fortress”
11:31 gq2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They will take away the regular burnt offering 0 Taking away the offering represents preventing people from offering it. Alternate translation: “They will stop the priests from presenting the regular burnt offering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:31 e91v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the abomination that causes desolation 0 This refers to an idol that will make the temple desolate, that is, that will cause God to leave his temple. Alternate translation: “the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple” or “the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:32 g7nd acted wickedly against the covenant 0 Alternate translation: “wickedly disobeyed the covenant”
11:32 qcz6 corrupt them 0 Alternate translation: “persuade them to do evil”
11:32 th7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who know their God 0 Here “know” means “be faithful.” Alternate translation: “who are faithful to their God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:32 v4tg will be strong and will take action 0 Alternate translation: “will be firm and resist them”
11:33 fs3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they will stumble by the sword and by flame 0 Here “stumble” is a metaphor that represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. Here “sword” represents battles and warfare, and “flame” represents fire. Alternate translation: “they will die in battle and by burning to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:33 i91v they 0 This refers to the wise persons among the Israelites.
11:33 kc6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they will stumble into captivity and into being robbed for days 0 Here “stumble” is a metaphor that represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. The phrase “being robbed” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will become slaves and their enemies will rob them of their possessions for days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:34 ji6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they will be helped with a little help 0 This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “others will give them a little help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:34 z23f In hypocrisy many will join themselves with them 0 This refers to other people who will pretend to help the wise persons, but not because they truly wish to help them.
11:34 w3l4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will join themselves 0 Here “join themselves” represents “come to help.” Alternate translation: “will come to help them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:35 u9tw Some of the wise will stumble … until the time of the end 0 This suffering will continue until the time when God has decided that it will end.
11:35 f174 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Some of the wise will stumble 0 Here “stumble” represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:35 ip6i so that refining will happen to them 0 Here “so that” means “with the result that.” Alternate translation: “with the result that refining will happen to them”
11:35 c7it rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns refining will happen to them, and cleansing, and purifying 0 These three activities are expressed here as if they were things. However, they may be expressed as actions, either in passive form or in active form. Alternate translation: “they will be refined, cleansed, and purified” or “their suffering will refine, cleanse, and purify them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:35 t14z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor refining 0 This refers to the purifying of metal by melting it in a fire. When God makes his people more faithful to himself, this is spoken of as if they were metal that a worker was making more pure by putting it into fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:35 x3zq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor cleansing 0 This refers to making people, places, or objects suitable for God’s use by separating them from sin and other forms of evil. It speaks of evil as if it were physical dirtiness that could be removed by washing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:35 xl1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor purifying 0 This idea is very similar to refining, discussed earlier. Metal that is refined can also be said to be purified. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:35 p8p8 time of the end 0 “the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md).
11:35 a7hv the appointed time is still to come 0 Here “appointed time” implies that God has set the time. This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has set the time in the future”
11:36 ytf5 The king will act according to his desires 0 Alternate translation: “The king will do whatever he wants”
11:36 pn6u The king 0 This refers to the king of the North.
11:36 v9x7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet lift himself up and make himself great 0 The phrases “lift himself up” and “make himself great” mean the same thing and indicate that the king will become very proud. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
11:36 sy4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor lift himself up 0 Here this represents becoming very proud. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:36 z6yk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor make himself great 0 Here this represents pretending to be very important and powerful. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:36 w4pm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the God of gods 0 This refers to the one true God. Alternate translation: “the supreme God” or “the only true God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:36 s173 astonishing things 0 Alternate translation: “terrible things” or “shocking things”
11:36 m82m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor until the wrath is completed 0 This phrase pictures God as storing up his wrath until his storeroom is completely full of it and he is ready to act according to it. Alternate translation: “until God is completely angry with him” or “until God is angry enough to take action against him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:37 swa4 the god desirable to women 0 This seems to refer to the pagan god named Tammuz.
11:38 a7fh the god of fortresses 0 The king probably believed that this false god would help him to attack other people’s fortresses and keep his own. Alternate translation: “the god that controls fortresses”
11:38 zdm8 instead of these 0 The word “these” refers to the gods mentioned in [Daniel 11:37](../11/37.md).
11:39 xrm1 he will divide up the land as a reward 0 This could mean: (1) “he will give the land to his followers as a reward” or (2) “he will sell land to his followers”
11:40 tuf1 the time of the end 0 “the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md).
11:40 m1zi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the king of the South … The king of the North 0 These phrases stand for the kings and their armies. Alternate translation: “the king of the South and his army … The king of the North and his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
11:40 r8tv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will storm against him 0 Violently attacking with an army is spoken of as if a storm happened. Alternate translation: “will attack him like a violent storm” or “will violently attack him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:40 nk95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor flood them 0 When an army overruns a country, it is spoken of as if a flood occurred. See how you translated this in [Daniel 11:10](../11/10.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:40 pc82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit pass through 0 Nothing will stop the army. Alternate translation: “will pass through the lands with no one to stop him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:41 w7zh the land of beauty 0 This refers to the land of Israel. See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:9](../08/09.md) and [Daniel 11:16](./16.md).
11:41 v51y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy will fall 0 Here falling represents the action of dying. Alternate translation: “will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:41 vkd7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy But these will escape from his hand 0 Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “But these will escape from his power” or “But he will not be able to destroy these nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:42 ti2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He will extend his hand into lands 0 Here “hand” represents power and control. Alternate translation: “He will extend his control over various lands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:42 ef52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit into lands 0 Here the idea is many lands or various lands. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:42 w3i4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the land of Egypt will not be rescued 0 This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “the land of Egypt will not escape” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:43 n537 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the Libyans and the Cushites will be in his footsteps 0 Here “footsteps” represent submission. Alternate translation: “the Libyans and the Cushites will have to serve him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:43 qp3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the Libyans and the Cushites 0 “the people of Libya and Cush.” Libya is a country west of Egypt, and Cush is a country south of Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11:44 et68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns he will go out with great rage 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rage**, you can express the same idea with another word such as “angry.” It can be stated clearly that he would go out with his army. Alternate translation: “he will be very angry and will go out” or “he will become very angry and will go out with his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:44 n5ju rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy go out 0 To “go out” represents the action of attacking the enemy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:44 dsf1 to set many apart for destruction 0 Alternate translation: “to destroy many people”
11:45 cil2 the tent of his royal residence 0 This refers to the king’s luxurious tents that he lived in when he was with his army in time of war.
11:45 dk8u between the seas and the mountain of the beauty of holiness 0 This probably refers to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and Temple Mount in Jerusalem.
11:45 k8sp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the mountain of the beauty of holiness 0 This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where God’s temple was. See how you translated somewhat similar phrases in [Daniel 9:16](../09/16.md) and [Daniel 9:20](../09/20.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:intro l8k2 0 # Daniel 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe final prophecy concludes in this chapter. It tells about the future resurrection of the dead and the final judgment. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judgmentday]])
12:1 c4hl Michael, the great prince 0 Michael is an archangel. Here he is also given the title “great prince.”
12:1 svv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Michael … will rise up 0 Here “rise up” is an idiom that means to appear. Alternate translation: “Michael … will appear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
12:1 c1ic rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive your people will be saved 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. You can also make it clear that God will save the people. Alternate translation: “God will save your people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12:1 n3vd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive whose name is found written in the book 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. You can also make it clear that God writes names in the book. Alternate translation: “whose name God has written in the book” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12:2 e327 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism those who sleep in the dust of the earth will rise up 0 The phrase “sleep in the dust of the earth” is another way of referring to those who have died. Here “rise up” is an idiom that means to come back to life. Alternate translation: “those who have died will come back to life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
12:3 yt7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Those who are wise will shine like the brightness of the sky above 0 This refers to God’s people who will share their wisdom with those around them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
12:3 g6t2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor those who turn many to righteousness 0 This refers to those who help others understand that they are separated from God, as if they were changing the direction in which they were going. Alternate translation: “those who teach others to live righteously” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:3 jd17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile those who turn … are like the stars forever and ever 0 These people are compared to the stars that shine. Alternate translation: “those who turn … will shine brightly like the stars forever and ever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
12:4 qed5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy close up these words; keep the book sealed 0 Here “words” represents the book. Alternate translation: “close this book and keep it sealed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:4 mb3v time of the end 0 “the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md).
12:4 krj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Many will run here and there, and knowledge will increase 0 This seems to happen before “the time of the end” during which time the book is sealed. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Before that happens, many people will travel here and there, learning more and more about many things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12:5 mxu1 there were two others standing 0 Alternate translation: “there were two other angels standing”
12:6 d2x2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the man clothed in linen 0 This refers to the angel who appeared to Daniel in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md), not to one of the angels who is standing beside the river. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:6 cw1u upstream along the river 0 This could mean: (1) the angel clothed in linen was above the river or (2) the angel was further upstream along the river.
12:6 x2yz How long will it be to the end of these amazing events? 0 “How long will these amazing events last?” This refers to the time from the beginning to the end of the events.
12:6 g6y7 these amazing events 0 At the time when the angel spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11.
12:7 z28b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the man clothed in linen 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:7 s5j3 the one who lives forever 0 Alternate translation: “God, who lives forever”
12:7 i56r it would be for a time, times, and half a time 0 It is best to leave it ambiguous as to when this begins. If you must choose a starting point, the three and a half years probably start with the events of [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md).
12:7 rue1 a time, times, and half a time 0 “three and a half years.” These “times” are generally understood to refer to years. One and two and a half equal three and a half.
12:7 fme6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive all these things will be completed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all these things will have happened” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:7 ir93 all these things 0 At the time when the man clothed in linen spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may include the events in the vision from chapter 11.
12:8 as7u My master 0 Daniel refers to the angel clothed in linen as “My master” to show respect to the angel.
12:8 cd6n of all these things 0 At the time when the angel clothed in linen spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11.
12:9 g3nw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor for the words are shut up and sealed 0 The vision that was given to Daniel was not to be explained. The book was sealed and no one could access it. Alternate translation: “for you are to close up and seal the words you have written” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:9 c98p the time of the end 0 “the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md).
12:10 k53f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Many will be purified, cleansed, and refined 0 Yahweh does the purifying. These three terms mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will purify, cleanse, and refine many people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
12:10 nnz4 refined 0 purified by removing anything that does not belong in them
12:10 b2dg but the wicked will act wickedly 0 The evil people will do evil or sinful things.
12:10 z62c None of the wicked will understand 0 The evil people can not understand spiritual knowledge.
12:10 j874 but those who are wise will understand 0 Alternate translation: “but those who obey Yahweh are wise and will understand”
12:11 ux9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the regular burnt offering is … is set up 0 The king of the north is the one who stops the temple sacrifices. Alternate translation: “the king of the North takes away the regular burnt offering and sets up the abomination that causes complete desolation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12:11 cg65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the abomination that causes complete desolation 0 This refers to an idol that will make the temple desolate, that is, that will cause God to leave his temple. See how you translated this in [Daniel 11:31](../11/31.md). Alternate translation: “the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple” or “the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
12:11 f32x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 1,290 days 0 “one thousand two and hundred ninety days” or “twelve hundred and ninety days.” Here “days” refers to a period of time. Most commonly rendered as days, but can also imply years. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
12:12 gpx3 Blessed is the one who waits 0 Alternate translation: “Blessed is the person who waits” or “Blessed is anyone who waits”
12:12 dy9t who waits 0 Alternate translation: “who remains faithful”
12:12 lqv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers the 1,335 days 0 “one thousand three hundred and thirty-five days” or “thirteen hundred and thirty-five days.” Here “days” is referring to a period of time most commonly rendered as days. However, it can also imply years. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
12:13 md7k You must go 0 “Daniel, you must go” This refers to Daniel continuing to live and serve the kings until the appointed time of his death.
12:13 gv9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism you will rest 0 This is a gentle way of saying “you will die.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
12:13 kjx5 You will rise 0 This is referring to the first resurrection of the dead when the righteous people will be raised up.
12:13 vf3x the place assigned to you 0 Alternate translation: “the place God has assigned to you”
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