JHN front intro t6za 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of John<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>#### Outline of the Gospel of John<br><br>1. Introduction about who Jesus is (1:1-18)<br>1. Jesus is baptized, and he chooses twelve disciples (1:19-51)<br>1. Jesus preaches, teaches, and heals people (2-11)<br>1. The seven days before Jesus' death (12-19)<br>- Mary anoints the feet of Jesus (12:1-11)<br>- Jesus rides a donkey into Jerusalem (12:12-19)<br>- Some Greek men want to see Jesus (12:20-36)<br>- The Jewish leaders reject Jesus (12:37-50)<br>- Jesus teaches his disciples (13-17)<br>- Jesus is arrested and undergoes trial (18:1-19:15)<br>- Jesus is crucified and buried (19:16-42)<br>1. Jesus rises from the dead (20:1-29)<br>1. John says why he wrote his gospel (20:30-31)<br>1. Jesus meets with the disciples (21)<br><br>#### What is the Gospel of John about?<br><br>The Gospel of John is one of four books in the New Testament that describe some of the life of Jesus Christ. The authors of the gospels wrote about different aspects of who Jesus was and what he did. John said that he wrote his gospel "so that people might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of the living God" (20:31).<br><br>John's Gospel is very different from the other three Gospels. John does not include some of the teachings and events that the other writers included in their gospels. Also, John wrote about some teachings and events that are not in the other gospels.<br><br>John wrote much about the signs Jesus did to prove that what Jesus said about himself was true. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]])<br><br>#### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "The Gospel of John" or "The Gospel According to John." Or they may choose a title that may be clearer, such as, "The Good News About Jesus That John Wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>#### Who wrote the Gospel of John?<br><br>This book does not give the name of the author. However, since early Christian times, most Christians have thought that the Apostle John was the author.<br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>#### Why does John write so much about the final week of Jesus' life?<br><br>John wrote much about Jesus' final week. He wanted his readers to think deeply about Jesus' final week and his death on the cross. He wanted people to understand that Jesus willingly died on the cross so that God could forgive them for sinning against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>#### What do the words "remain," "reside," and "abide" mean in the Gospel of John?<br><br>John often used the words "remain," "reside", and "abide" as metaphors. John spoke of a believer becoming more faithful to Jesus and knowing Jesus better as if Jesus' word "remained" in the believer. Also, John spoke of someone being spiritually joined to someone else as if the person "remained" in the other person. Christians are said to "remain" in Christ and in God. The Father is said to "remain" in the Son, and the Son is said to "remain" in the Father. The Son is said to "remain" in believers. The Holy Spirit is also said to "remain" in the believers.<br><br>Many translators will find it impossible to represent these ideas in their languages in exactly the same way. For example, Jesus intended to express the idea of the Christian being spiritually together with him when he said, "He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood remains in me, and I in him" (John 6:56). The UST uses the idea of "will be joined to me, and I will be joined to him." But translators may have to find other ways of expressing the idea.<br><br>In the passage, "If my words remain in you" (John 15:7), the UST expresses this idea as, "If you live by my message." Translators may find it possible to use this translation as a model.<br><br>#### What are the major issues in the text of the Gospel of John?<br><br>The following verses found in older versions of the
JHN 01 intro k29b 0 # John 01 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 1:23, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### "The Word"<br><br>John uses the phrase "the Word" to refer to Jesus ([John 1:1, 14](./01.md)). John is saying that God's most important message to all people is actually Jesus, a person with a physical body. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]])<br><br>##### Light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>##### "Children of God"<br><br>When people believes in Jesus, they go from being "children of wrath" to "children of God." They are adopted into the "family of God."They are adopted into the "family of God." This is an important image that will be unfolded in the New Testament. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adoption]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Metaphors<br><br>John uses the metaphors of light and darkness and of the Word to tell the reader that he will be writing more about good and evil and about what God wants to tell people through Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "In the beginning"<br><br>Some languages and cultures speak of the world as if it has always existed, as if it had no beginning. But "very long ago" is different from "in the beginning," and you need to be sure that your translation communicates correctly.<br><br>##### "Son of Man"<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([John 1:51](../../jhn/01/51.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br>
JHN 01 01 er9g 0 In the beginning This refers to the very earliest time before God created the heavens and the earth.
JHN 01 01 z59q 0 the Word This refers to Jesus. Translate as "the Word" if possible. If "Word" is feminine in your language, it could be translated as "the one who is called the Word."
JHN 01 03 gm5g figs-activepassive 0 All things were made through him This can be translated with an active verb. Alternate translation: "God made all things through him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 01 03 aqs1 figs-activepassive 0 without him there was not one thing made that has been made This can be translated with an active verb. If your language does not permit double negatives, these words should communicate that the opposite of "all things were made through him" is false. Alternate translation: "God did not make anything without him" or "with him there was every thing made that has been made" or "God made with him every thing that God has made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN 01 04 pz5c figs-metonymy 0 In him was life, and the life was the light of men "In him was life" is a metonym for causing everything to live. And, "light" here is a metaphor for "truth." Alternate translation: "He is the one who caused everything to live. And he revealed to people what is true about God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 01 04 dv2f 0 In him Here "him" refers to the one who is called the Word.
JHN 01 04 wxn4 0 life Here use a general term for "life." If you must be more specific, translate as "spiritual life."
JHN 01 05 y5ry figs-metaphor 0 The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not overcome it Here "light" is a metaphor for what is true and good. Here "darkness" is a metaphor what is false and evil. Alternate translation: "The truth is like a light shining into a dark place, and no one in the dark place could put out the light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 01 07 mht8 figs-metaphor 0 testify about the light Here "light" is a metaphor for the revelation of God in Jesus. Alternate translation: "show how Jesus is like the true light of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 01 09 xe1z figs-metaphor 0 The true light Here light is a metaphor that represents Jesus as the one who both reveals the truth about God and is himself that truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 01 10 b93e 0 He was in the world, and the world was made through him, and the world did not know him "Even though he was in this world, and God created everything through him, people still did not recognize him"
JHN 01 10 ke5s figs-metonymy 0 the world did not know him The "world" is a metonym that stands for all the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: "the people did not know who he really was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 01 11 jr6d 0 He came to his own, and his own did not receive him "He came to his own fellow countrymen, and his own fellow countrymen did not accept him either"
JHN 01 11 va1w 0 receive him "accept him." To receive someone is to welcome him and treat him with honor in hopes of building a relationship with him.
JHN 01 12 jp3y figs-metonymy 0 believed in his name The word "name" is a metonym that stands for Jesus' identity and everything about him. Alternate translation: "believed in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 01 12 x4f9 0 he gave the right "he gave them the authority" or "he made it possible for them"
JHN 01 12 uc6e figs-metaphor 0 children of God The word "children" is a metaphor that represents our relationship to God, which is like children to a father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 01 14 ft2l 0 The Word This refers to Jesus. Translate as "the Word" if possible. If "Word" is feminine in your language, it could be translated as "the one who is called the Word." See how you translated this in [John 1:1](../01/01.md).
JHN 01 14 x1ae figs-synecdoche 0 became flesh Here "flesh" represents "a person" or "a human being." Alternate translation: "became human" or "became a human being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 01 14 wa23 0 the one and only who came from the Father The phrase "the one an only" means that he is unique, that no one else is like him. The phrase "who came from the Father" means that he is the Father's child. Alternate translation: "the unique Son of the Father" or "the only Son of the Father"
JHN 01 14 b5t5 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 01 14 tg4m 0 full of grace "full of kind acts towards us, acts we do not deserve"
JHN 01 15 k7rm 0 He who comes after me John is speaking about Jesus. The phrase "comes after me" means that John's ministry has already started and Jesus' ministry will start later.
JHN 01 15 q75h 0 is greater than I am "is more important than I am" or "has more authority than I have"
JHN 01 15 lrd7 0 for he was before me Be careful not to translate this in a way that suggests that Jesus is more important because he is older than John in human years. Jesus is greater and more important than John because he is God the Son, who has always been alive.
JHN 01 16 p3zg 0 fullness This word refers to God's grace that has no end.
JHN 01 16 b9r1 0 grace after grace "blessing after blessing"
JHN 01 18 h5cq guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 01 19 e1dz figs-synecdoche 0 the Jews sent ... to him from Jerusalem The word "Jews" here represents the "Jewish leaders." Alternate translation: "the Jewish leaders sent ... to him from Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 01 20 b7zz 0 He confessed—he did not deny, but confessed The phrase "he did not deny" says in negative terms the same thing that "He confessed" says in positive terms. This emphasizes that John was telling the truth and was strongly stating that he was not the Christ. Your language may have a different way of doing this.
JHN 01 21 iv9d 0 What are you then? "What then is the case, if you are not the Messiah?" or "What then is going on?" or "What then are you doing?"
JHN 01 22 sa3t 0 they said to him "the priests and Levites said to John"
JHN 01 22 x8wz figs-exclusive 0 we ... us the priests and Levites, not John (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
JHN 01 23 a732 0 He said "John said"
JHN 01 23 baa5 figs-metonymy 0 I am a voice, crying in the wilderness John is saying that Isaiah's prophecy is about himself. The word "voice" here refers to the person who is crying out in the wilderness. Alternate translation: "I am the one calling out in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 01 23 iry1 figs-metaphor 0 Make the way of the Lord straight Here the word "way" is used as a metaphor. Alternate translation: "Prepare yourselves for the Lord's arrival the same way that people prepare the road for an important person to use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 01 24 bk96 writing-background 0 Now some from the Pharisees This is background information about the people who questioned John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 01 26 r4ty writing-background 0 General Information: Verse 28 tells us background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 01 27 x2ki figs-explicit 0 who comes after me You may need to make explicit what he will do when he has come. Alternate translation: "who will preach to you after I am gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 01 27 y7v5 figs-metaphor 0 me, the strap of whose sandal I am not worthy to untie Untying sandals was the work of a slave or servant. These words are a metaphor for the most unpleasant work of a servant. Alternate translation: "me, whom I am not worthy to serve in even the most unpleasant way" or "me. I am not even worthy to untie the strap of his sandal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 01 29 j397 figs-metaphor 0 Lamb of God This is a metaphor that represents God's perfect sacrifice. Jesus is called the "Lamb of God" because he was sacrificed to pay for people's sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 01 29 rg4n figs-metonymy 0 world The word "world" is a metonym and refers to all the people in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 01 30 x393 0 The one who comes after me is more than me, for he was before me See how you translated this in [John 1:15](../01/15.md).
JHN 01 32 mcc7 0 descending coming down from above
JHN 01 32 xyr3 figs-simile 0 like a dove This phrase is a simile. The "Spirit" comes down just like a dove lands on a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JHN 01 32 uji2 0 heaven The word "heaven" refers to the "sky."
JHN 01 34 ea3y translate-textvariants 0 the Son of God Some copies of this text say "Son of God"; others say "chosen one of God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
JHN 01 34 naf2 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Son of God This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 01 35 i3lg 0 Again, the next day This is another day. It is the second day that John sees Jesus.
JHN 01 36 ap5m figs-metaphor 0 Lamb of God This is a metaphor that represents God's perfect sacrifice. Jesus is called the "Lamb of God" because he was sacrificed to pay for people's sins. See how you translated this same phrase in [John 1:29](../01/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 01 39 tb9j 0 tenth hour "hour 10." This phrase indicates a time in the afternoon, before dark, at which it would be too late to start traveling to another town, possibly around 4 p.m.
JHN 01 40 x8g8 0 General Information: These verses give us information about Andrew and how he brought his brother Peter to Jesus. This happened before they went and saw where Jesus was staying in [John 1:39](../01/39.md).
JHN 01 42 k2dx 0 son of John This is not John the Baptist. "John" was a very common name.
JHN 01 44 i5bm writing-background 0 Now Philip was from Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter This is background information about Philip. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 01 46 s2kg 0 Nathaniel said to him "Nathaniel said to Philip"
JHN 01 46 i4wp figs-rquestion 0 Can any good thing come out of Nazareth? This remark appears in the form of a question in order to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "No good thing can come out of Nazareth!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 01 47 ys8d figs-litotes 0 in whom is no deceit This can be stated in a positive way. Alternate translation: "a completely truthful man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JHN 01 49 l666 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 01 50 p3ma figs-rquestion 0 Because I said to you ... do you believe? This remark appears in the form of a question to provide emphasis. Alternate translation: "You believe because I said, 'I saw you underneath the fig tree'! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 01 51 ga44 0 Truly, truly Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true.
JHN 02 intro jav2 0 # John 02 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Wine<br><br>The Jews drank wine at many meals and especially when they were celebrating special events. They did not believe that it was a sin to drink wine.<br><br>##### Driving out the money changers<br><br>Jesus drove the money changers out of the temple to show that he had authority over the temple and over all of Israel.<br><br>##### "He knew what was in man"<br><br>Jesus knew what other people were thinking only because he was and is the Son of Man and the Son of God.<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "His disciples remembered"<br><br>John used this phrase to stop telling the main history and to tell about something that happened much later. It was right after he scolded the pigeon sellers ([John 2:16](../../jhn/02/16.md)) that the Jewish authorities spoke to him. It was after Jesus became alive again that his disciples remembered what the prophet had written long before and that Jesus was talking about the temple of his body ([John 2:17](../../jhn/02/17.md) and [John 2:22](../../jhn/02/22.md)).<br>
JHN 02 01 rl16 writing-background 0 General Information: Jesus and his disciples are invited to a wedding. These verse give background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 02 01 vw9e 0 Three days later Most interpreters read this as on the third day after Jesus called Philip and Nathaniel to follow him. The first day occurs in John 1:35 and the second in John 1:43.
JHN 02 02 xm3r figs-activepassive 0 Jesus and his disciples were invited to the wedding This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: "Someone invited Jesus and his disciples to the wedding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 02 04 a2ji 0 Woman This refers to Mary. If it is impolite for a son to call his mother "woman" in your language, use another word that is polite, or leave it out.
JHN 02 04 jc75 figs-rquestion 0 why do you come to me? This question is asked to provide emphasis. Alternate translation: "this has nothing to do with me." or "you should not tell me what to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 02 04 v5x5 figs-metonymy 0 My time has not yet come The word "time" is a metonym that represents the right occasion for Jesus to show that he is the Messiah by working miracles. Alternate translation: "It is not yet the right time for me to perform a mighty act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 02 06 y7p3 translate-bvolume 0 two to three metretes You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: "75 to 115 liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
JHN 02 07 vt75 0 to the brim This means "to the very top" or "completely full."
JHN 02 08 h9gr 0 the head waiter This refers to the person in charge of the food and drink.
JHN 02 09 yg44 writing-background 0 but the servants who had drawn the water knew This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 02 10 mh3s 0 drunk unable to tell the difference between cheap wine and expensive wine because of drinking too much alcohol
JHN 02 11 sq53 writing-newevent 0 This verse is not part of the main story line, but rather it gives a comment about the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JHN 02 11 r5kb translate-names 0 Cana This is a place name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JHN 02 11 z3tk 0 revealed his glory Here "his glory" refers to the mighty power of Jesus. Alternate translation: "showed his power"
JHN 02 12 h9tu 0 went down This indicates that they went from a higher place to a lower place. Capernaum is northeast of Cana and is at a lower elevation.
JHN 02 12 x3f7 0 his brothers The word "brothers" includes both brothers and sisters. All Jesus' brothers and sisters were younger than he was.
JHN 02 13 bh23 0 General Information: Jesus and his disciples go up to Jerusalem to the temple.
JHN 02 13 xr29 0 went up to Jerusalem This indicates that he went from a lower place to a higher place. Jerusalem is built on a hill.
JHN 02 14 i8lv 0 were sitting there The next verse makes it clear that these people are in the temple courtyard. That area was intended for worship and not for commerce.
JHN 02 14 sa75 0 sellers of oxen and sheep and pigeons People are buying animals in the temple courtyard to sacrifice them to God.
JHN 02 14 qu9k 0 money changers Jewish authorities required people who wanted to buy animals for sacrifices to exchange their money for special money from the "money changers."
JHN 02 15 x6et 0 So This word marks an event that happens because of something else that has happened first. In this case, Jesus has seen the money changers sitting in the temple.
JHN 02 16 r16m 0 Stop making the house of my Father a marketplace "Stop buying and selling things in my Father's house"
JHN 02 16 h6qy 0 the house of my Father This is a phrase Jesus uses to refer to the temple.
JHN 02 16 grg3 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 my Father This is an important title that Jesus uses for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 02 17 c2pu figs-activepassive 0 it was written This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: "someone had written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 02 17 ua3v 0 your house This term refers to the temple, God's house.
JHN 02 17 gg1w figs-metaphor 0 consume The word "consume" points to the metaphor of "fire." Jesus' love for the temple is like a fire that burns within him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 02 18 qtx1 0 sign This refers to an event that proves something is true.
JHN 02 18 r5rw 0 these things This refers to Jesus' actions against the money changers in the temple.
JHN 02 19 mp6i figs-hypo 0 Destroy this temple, ... I will raise it up Jesus is stating a hypothetical situation in which something would certainly happen if something else that is not true were true. In this case, he would certainly raise the temple up if the Jewish authorities were to destroy it. He is not commanding the Jewish authorities to tear down the actual temple building. You can translate the words "destroy" and "raise" using the usual words for tearing down and rebuilding a building. Alternate translation: "If you destroy this temple, I will certainly raise it up" or "You can be certain that if you were to destroy this temple, I would raise it up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 02 19 k2pz 0 raise it up "cause it to stand"
JHN 02 20 g6jx writing-endofstory 0 General Information: Verses 21 and 22 are not part of the main story line, but instead they comment on the story and tell about something that happens later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
JHN 02 20 rn6x translate-numbers 0 forty-six years ... three days "46 years ... 3 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JHN 02 20 xbx3 figs-rquestion 0 you will raise it up in three days? This remark appears in the form of a question to show that the Jewish authorities understand that Jesus wants to tear down the temple and build it again in three days. "Raise" is an idiom for "establish." Alternate translation: "you will establish it in three days?" or "you cannot possibly rebuild it in three days!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 02 22 gq2w 0 believed Here "believe" means to accept something or trust that it is true.
JHN 02 22 ewi1 0 this statement This refers back to Jesus' statement in [John 2:19](../02/19.md).
JHN 02 23 kvn6 0 Now when he was in Jerusalem The word "now" introduces us to a new event in the story.
JHN 02 23 w3qv figs-metonymy 0 believed in his name Here "name" is a metonym that represents the person of Jesus. Alternate translation: "believed in him" or "trusted in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 02 23 u65n 0 the signs that he did Miracles can also be called "signs" because they are used as evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe.
JHN 02 25 et23 figs-gendernotations 0 about man, for he knew what was in man Here the word "man" represents people in general. Alternate translation: "about people, for he knew what was in people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
JHN 03 intro i7a7 0 # John 03 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>#### Possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "Son of Man"<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([John 3:13](../../jhn/03/13.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br>
JHN 03 01 yl6f 0 General Information: Nicodemus comes to see Jesus.
JHN 03 01 s9p9 writing-participants 0 Now This word is used here to mark a new part of the story and to introduce Nicodemus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
JHN 03 02 skq8 0 we know Here "we" is exclusive, referring only to Nicodemus and the other members of the Jewish council.
JHN 03 03 nz18 0 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 03 03 t8pt 0 born again "born from above" or "born of God"
JHN 03 03 ikj9 figs-metaphor 0 kingdom of God The word "kingdom" is a metaphor for the rule of God. Alternate translation: "place where God rules" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 03 04 wa1p figs-rquestion 0 How can a man be born when he is old? Nicodemus uses this question to emphasize that this cannot happen. Alternate translation: "A man certainly cannot be born again when he is old!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 03 04 yk9d figs-rquestion 0 He cannot enter a second time into his mother's womb and be born, can he? Nicodemus also uses this question to emphasize his belief that a second birth is impossible. "Certainly, he cannot enter a second time into his mother's womb! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 03 04 z64b 0 a second time "again" or "twice"
JHN 03 04 ppr8 0 womb the part of a woman's body where a baby grows
JHN 03 05 il52 0 Truly, truly You can translate this in the same way you did in [John 3:3](../03/03.md).
JHN 03 05 n6d7 figs-metaphor 0 born of water and the Spirit There are two possible meanings: 1) "baptized in water and in the Spirit" or 2) "born physically and spiritually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 03 05 m37g figs-metaphor 0 enter into the kingdom of God The word "kingdom" is a metaphor for the rule of God in one's life. Alternate translation: "experience the rule of God in his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 03 07 lpj4 0 You must be born again "You must be born from above"
JHN 03 08 p87y figs-personification 0 The wind blows wherever it wishes In the source language, wind and Spirit are the same word. The speaker here refers to the wind as if it were a person. Alternate translation: "The Holy Spirit is like a wind that blows wherever it wants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JHN 03 09 g4ji figs-rquestion 0 How can these things be? This question adds emphasis to the statement. Alternate translation: "This cannot be!" or "This is not able to happen!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 03 10 gw2h figs-rquestion 0 Are you a teacher of Israel, and yet you do not understand these things? Jesus knows that Nicodemus is a teacher. He is not looking for information. Alternate translation: "You are a teacher of Israel, so I am surprised you do not understand these things!" or "You are a teacher of Israel, so you should understand these things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 03 10 gbu5 0 Are you a teacher ... yet you do not understand The word "you" is singular and refers to Nicodemus. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you)
JHN 03 11 j1k1 0 you do not accept The word "you" is plural and refers to Jews in general. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you)
JHN 03 11 jt1f 0 Truly, truly Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 03 11 upi7 figs-exclusive 0 we speak When Jesus said "we," he was not including Nicodemus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
JHN 03 12 pt4x figs-you 0 I told you ... you do not believe ... how will you believe if I tell you In all three places "you" is plural and refers to Jews in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JHN 03 12 c6ia figs-rquestion 0 how will you believe if I tell you about heavenly things? This question emphasizes the disbelief of Nicodemus and the Jews. Alternate translation: "you certainly will not believe if I tell you about heavenly things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 03 12 lbv3 0 heavenly things spiritual things
JHN 03 14 tb3s figs-simile 0 Just as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, so must the Son of Man be lifted up This figure of speech is called a simile. Some people will "lift up" Jesus just as Moses "lifted up" the bronze serpent in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JHN 03 14 f9yi 0 in the wilderness The wilderness is a dry, desert place, but here it refers specifically to the place where Moses and the Israelites walked around for forty years.
JHN 03 16 uxc2 figs-metonymy 0 God so loved the world Here "world" is a metonym that refers to everyone in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 03 16 jen2 0 loved This is the kind of love that comes from God and is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. God himself is love and is the source of true love.
JHN 03 17 b7vf figs-parallelism 0 For God did not send the Son into the world in order to condemn the world, but in order to save the world through him These two clauses mean nearly the same thing, said twice for emphasis, first in the negative and then in the positive. Some languages may indicate emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: God's real reason for sending his Son into the world was to save it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN 03 17 rv45 0 to condemn "to punish." Usually "punish" implies that the person who has been punished is then accepted by God. When a person is condemned, he is punished but never accepted by God.
JHN 03 18 eb54 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 03 19 t9z5 figs-metaphor 0 The light has come into the world The word "light" is a metaphor for God's truth that is revealed in Jesus. Jesus speaks of himself in the third person. If your language does not allow people to speak of themselves in the third person, you may need to specify who the light is. The "world" is a metonym for all of the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: "The one who is like a light has revealed God's truth to all people" or "I, who am like a light, have come into the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JHN 03 19 h4nk figs-metaphor 0 men loved the darkness Here "darkness" is a metaphor for evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 03 20 u25p figs-activepassive 0 so that his deeds will not be exposed This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: "so that the light will not show the things he does" or "so that the light does not make clear his deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 03 21 l7ax figs-activepassive 0 plainly seen that his deeds This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: "people may clearly see his deeds" or "everyone may clearly see the things he does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 03 22 uy4j 0 After this This refers to after Jesus had spoken with Nicodemus. See how you translated this in [John 2:12](../02/12.md).
JHN 03 23 x1ge translate-names 0 Aenon This word means "springs," as of water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JHN 03 23 e5v2 translate-names 0 Salim a village or town next to the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JHN 03 23 jh2w 0 because there was much water there "because there were many springs in that place"
JHN 03 23 ukz2 figs-activepassive 0 were being baptized You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "John was baptizing them" or "he was baptizing them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 03 25 ft8r figs-activepassive 0 Then there arose a dispute between some of John's disciples and a Jew This can be stated in an active form for clarity. Alternate translation: "Then John's disciples and a Jew began to argue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 03 25 fuq2 0 a dispute a fight using words
JHN 03 26 jr28 0 you have testified, look, he is baptizing, In this phrase, "look" is a command meaning "pay attention!" Alternate translation: "you have testified, 'Look! He is baptizing,'" or "you have testified. 'Look at that! He is baptizing,'" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)
JHN 03 27 kl21 0 A man cannot receive anything unless "Nobody has any power unless"
JHN 03 27 hap4 figs-metonymy 0 it has been given to him from heaven Here "heaven" is used as a metonym to refer to God. This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: "God has given it to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 03 28 l9yt figs-you 0 You yourselves This "You" is plural and refers to all the people John is talking to. Alternate translation: "You all" or "All of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JHN 03 28 nf9l figs-activepassive 0 I have been sent before him This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: "God sent me to arrive before him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 03 29 p569 figs-metaphor 0 The bride belongs to the bridegroom Here the "bride" and "bridegroom" are metaphors. Jesus is like the "bridegroom" and John is like the friend of the "bridegroom." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 03 29 wkb8 figs-activepassive 0 This, then, is my joy made complete This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "So then I rejoice greatly" or "So I rejoice much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 03 29 hnw2 0 my joy The word "my" refers to John the Baptist, the one who is speaking.
JHN 03 30 kn9s 0 He must increase "He" refers to the bridegroom, Jesus, who will continue to grow in importance.
JHN 03 31 qd7t 0 He who comes from above is above all "He who comes from heaven is more important than anyone else"
JHN 03 31 mhk9 figs-metonymy 0 He who is from the earth is from the earth and speaks about the earth John means that Jesus is greater than he is since Jesus is from heaven, and John was born on the earth. Alternate translation: "He who is born in this world is like everyone else who lives in the world and he speaks about what happens in this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 03 31 qrg7 0 He who comes from heaven is above all This means the same thing as the first sentence. John repeats this for emphasis.
JHN 03 32 c5yt 0 He testifies about what he has seen and heard John is speaking about Jesus. Alternate translation: "The one from heaven tells about what he has seen and heard in heaven"
JHN 03 32 kqi1 figs-hyperbole 0 no one accepts his testimony Here John exaggerates to emphasize that only a few people believe Jesus. Alternate translation: "very few people believe him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JHN 03 33 k36d 0 He who has received his testimony "Anyone who believes what Jesus says"
JHN 03 33 g5x4 0 has confirmed "proves" or "agrees"
JHN 03 34 rr83 0 For the one whom God has sent "This Jesus, whom God has sent to represent him"
JHN 03 34 bnx8 0 For he does not give the Spirit by measure "For he is the one to whom God gave all the power of his Spirit"
JHN 03 35 hmk4 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father ... Son These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 03 35 ha4e figs-idiom 0 given ... into his hand This means to be put in his power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 03 36 u1ks 0 He who believes "A person who believes" or "Anyone who believes"
JHN 03 36 zy7u 0 the wrath of God stays on him The abstract noun "wrath" can be translated with the verb "punish." Alternate translation: "God will continue to punish him" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)
JHN 04 intro j1hv 0 # John 04 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>John 4:4-38 forms one story centered on the teaching of Jesus as the "living water" who gives eternal life to all who believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### "It was necessary for him to pass through Samaria"<br><br>Jews avoided traveling through the region of Samaria because the Samaritans were descendants of ungodly people. So Jesus had to do what most Jews did not want to do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/kingdomofisrael]])<br><br>##### "The hour is coming"<br><br>Jesus used these words to begin prophecies about times that could be shorter or longer than sixty minutes. "The hour" in which true worshipers will worship in spirit and truth is longer than sixty minutes.<br><br>##### The proper place of worship<br><br>Long before Jesus lived, the Samaritan people had broken the law of Moses by setting up a false temple in their land ([John 4:20](../../jhn/04/20.md)). Jesus explained to the woman that it was no longer important where people worshiped ([John 4:21-24](./21.md)).<br><br>##### Harvest<br><br>Harvest is when people go out to get the food they have planted so they can bring it to their houses and eat it. Jesus used this as a metaphor to teach his followers that they need to go and tell other people about Jesus so those people can be part of God's kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>##### "The Samaritan woman"<br><br>John probably told this story to show the difference between the Samaritan woman, who believed, and the Jews, who did not believe and later killed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "In spirit and truth"<br><br>The people who truly know who God is and enjoy worshiping him and love him for who he is are the ones who truly please him. Where they worship is not important.<br>
JHN 04 01 jum6 writing-background 0 General Information: John 4:1-6 gives the background to the next event, Jesus' conversation with a Samaritan woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 04 01 b1vc 0 Now when Jesus knew that the Pharisees had heard that he was making and baptizing more disciples than John "Now Jesus was making and baptizing more disciples than John. When he knew that the Pharisees had heard that he was doing this."
JHN 04 01 h6ek 0 Now when Jesus knew The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the main events. Here John starts to tell a new part of the narrative.
JHN 04 02 d4ng figs-rpronouns 0 Jesus himself was not baptizing The reflexive pronoun "himself" adds emphasis that it was not Jesus who was baptizing, but his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JHN 04 03 dm2t 0 he left Judea and went back again to Galilee You may need to rearrange the entire sentence that begins with the words "Now when Jesus" in verse 1. "Now Jesus was making and baptizing more disciples than John (although Jesus himself was not baptizing, but his disciples were). The Pharisees heard that Jesus was doing this. When Jesus knew that the Pharisees learned what he was doing, he left Judea and went back again to Galilee"
JHN 04 07 g82d 0 Give me some water This is a polite request, not a command.
JHN 04 08 u29c 0 For his disciples had gone He did not ask his disciples to draw water for him because they had gone.
JHN 04 09 l2qh 0 Then the Samaritan woman said to him The word "him" refers to Jesus.
JHN 04 09 xdw7 figs-rquestion 0 How is it that you, being a Jew, are asking ... for something to drink? This remark appears in the form of a question to express the Samaritan woman's surprise that Jesus asked her for a drink. Alternate translation: "I cannot believe that you, being a Jew, are asking a Samaritan for a drink!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 04 09 px8w 0 have no dealings with "do not associate with"
JHN 04 10 zub5 figs-metaphor 0 living water Jesus uses the metaphor "living water" to refer to the Holy Spirit who works in a person to transform and bring new life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 04 12 di9q figs-rquestion 0 You are not greater, are you, than our father Jacob ... cattle? This remark occurs in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "You are not greater than our father Jacob ... cattle!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 04 12 knw5 0 our father Jacob "our ancestor Jacob"
JHN 04 12 sj7n 0 drank from it "drank water that came from it"
JHN 04 13 leu7 0 will be thirsty again "will need to drink water again"
JHN 04 14 g598 figs-metaphor 0 the water that I will give him will become a fountain of water in him Here the word "fountain" is a metaphor for life-giving water. Alternate translation: "the water that I will give him will become like a spring of water in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 04 14 fha9 0 eternal life Here "life" refers to the "spiritual life" that only God can give.
JHN 04 15 iz1p 0 Sir In this context, the Samaritan woman is addressing Jesus as "Sir," which is a term of respect or politeness.
JHN 04 15 hd9f 0 draw water "get water" or "pull water up from the well" using a container and rope
JHN 04 18 zpl1 0 What you have said is true Jesus says these words to emphasize his words to emphasize the words "You are right in saying, 'I have no husband'" in verse 17. He wants the woman to know that he knows she is telling the truth.
JHN 04 19 kfs1 0 Sir In this context the Samaritan woman is addressesing Jesus as "sir," which is a term of respect or politeness.
JHN 04 19 za2w 0 I see that you are a prophet "I can understand that you are a prophet"
JHN 04 21 klz9 0 Believe me To believe someone is to acknowledge what the person has said is true.
JHN 04 21 nu5m 0 you will worship the Father Eternal salvation from sin comes from God the Father, who is Yahweh, the God of the Jews.
JHN 04 21 ff27 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 04 22 guu4 0 You worship what you do not know. We worship what we know Jesus means that God revealed himself and his commands to the Jewish people, not to the Samaritans. Through the Scriptures the Jewish people know who God is better than the Samaritans.
JHN 04 22 i2df 0 for salvation is from the Jews This means that God has chosen the Jews as his special people who will tell all other people about his salvation. It does not mean the Jewish people will save others from their sins. Alternate translation: "for all people will know about God's salvation because of the Jews"
JHN 04 22 yj1y 0 salvation is from the Jews Eternal salvation from sin comes from God the Father, who is Yahweh, the God of the Jews.
JHN 04 23 atm4 0 However, the hour is coming, and is now here, when true worshipers will "However, it is now the right time for true worshipers to"
JHN 04 23 k1gf guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 the Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 04 23 fb51 0 in spirit and truth Possible meanings are the "spirit" here is 1) the inner person, the mind and heart, what a person thinks and what he loves, different from where he goes to worship and what ceremonies he performs, or 2) the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: "in the Spirit and in truth" or "with the Spirit's help and in truth"
JHN 04 23 utt7 0 in ... truth thinking correctly of what is true about God
JHN 04 25 lp44 0 I know that the Messiah ... Christ Both of these words mean "God's promised king."
JHN 04 25 u8nb figs-explicit 0 he will explain everything to us The words "explain everything" imply all that the people need to know. Alternate translation: "he will tell us everything we need to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 04 27 vk5j 0 At that moment his disciples returned "Just as Jesus was saying this, his disciples returned from town"
JHN 04 27 p39j 0 Now they were wondering why he was speaking with a woman It was very unusual for a Jew to speak with a woman he did not know, especially if that woman was a Samaritan.
JHN 04 27 cbc9 0 no one said, "What ... want?" or "Why ... her?" Possible meanings are 1) the disciples asked both questions to Jesus or 2) "no one asked the woman, 'What ... want?' or asked Jesus, 'Why ... her?'"
JHN 04 29 hb5h figs-hyperbole 0 Come, see a man who told me everything that I have ever done The Samaritan woman exaggerates to show that she is impressed by how much Jesus knows about her. Alternate translation: "Come see a man who knows very much about me, even though I have never met him before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JHN 04 29 dl18 0 This could not be the Christ, could it? The woman is not sure that Jesus is the Christ, so she asks a question that expects "no" for an answer, but she also asks a question instead of making a statement because she wants the people to decide for themselves.
JHN 04 31 t6hy 0 In the meantime "While the woman was going into town"
JHN 04 31 d4fu 0 the disciples were urging him "the disciples were telling Jesus" or "the disciples were encouraging Jesus"
JHN 04 32 j8h2 0 I have food to eat that you do not know about Here Jesus is not talking about literal "food," but is preparing his disciples for a spiritual lesson in [John 4:34](../04/34.md).
JHN 04 33 w451 figs-rquestion 0 No one has brought him anything to eat, have they? The disciples think Jesus is talking about literal "food." They begin asking each other this question, expecting a "no" response. Alternate translation: "Surely no one brought him any food while we were in town!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 04 34 tvp1 figs-metaphor 0 My food is to do the will of him who sent me and to complete his work Here "food" is a metaphor that represents "obeying God's will." Alternate translation: "Just as food satisfies a hungry person, obeying God's will is what satisfies me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 04 35 u5d6 0 Do you not say "Is this not one of your popular sayings"
JHN 04 35 tyw3 figs-metaphor 0 look up and see the fields, for they are already ripe for harvest The words "fields" and "ripe for harvest" are metaphors. The "fields" represent people. The words "ripe for harvest" mean that people are ready to receive the message of Jesus, like fields that are ready to be harvested. Alternate translation: "look up and see the the people! They are ready to believe my message, like crops in the fields that are ready for people to harvest them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 04 36 qc31 figs-metaphor 0 and gathers fruit for everlasting life Here "fruit for everlasting life" is a metaphor that represents people who believe Christ's message and receive eternal life. Alternate translation: "and the people who believe the message and receive eternal life are like the fruit that a harvester gathers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 04 37 rqe7 figs-metaphor 0 One sows, and another harvests The words "sows" and "harvests" are metaphors. The one who "sows" shares the message of Jesus. The one who "harvests" helps the people to receive the message of Jesus. Alternate translation: "One person plants the seeds, and another person harvests the crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 04 38 slw4 0 you have entered into their labor "you are now joining in their work"
JHN 04 39 mc7p 0 believed in him To "believe in" someone means to "trust in" that person. Here this also means that they believed he was the Son of God.
JHN 04 39 qda3 figs-hyperbole 0 He told me everything that I have done This is an exaggeration. The woman was impressed by how much Jesus knew about her. Alternate translation: "He told me many things about my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JHN 04 41 qrj5 figs-metonymy 0 his word Here "word" is a metonym that stands for the message that Jesus proclaimed. Alternate translation: "his message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 04 42 k4cz figs-metonymy 0 world The "world" is a metonym for all the believers throughout the world. Alternate translation: "all the believers in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 04 43 n1mk writing-background 0 General Information: Jesus goes down to Galilee and heals a boy. Verse 44 gives us background information about something Jesus had said previously. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 04 43 gj2f 0 from there from Judea
JHN 04 44 t1li figs-rpronouns 0 For Jesus himself declared The reflexive pronoun "himself" is added to emphasize that Jesus had "declared" or said this.. You can translate this in your language in a way that will give emphasis to a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JHN 04 44 fx22 0 a prophet has no honor in his own country "people do not show respect or honor to a prophet of their own country" or "a prophet is not respected by the people in his own community"
JHN 04 45 v9la 0 at the festival Here the festival is the Passover.
JHN 04 46 ffm3 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line and to move to a new part of the story. If you have a way of doing this in your language, you may consider using it.
JHN 04 46 bp3w 0 royal official someone who is in the service of the king
JHN 04 48 u73r figs-doublenegatives 0 Unless you see signs and wonders, you will not believe "Unless ... not believe" here is a double negative. In some languages it is more natural to translate this statement in a positive form. Alternate translation: "Only if you see a miracle will you believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN 04 50 uwa3 figs-metonymy 0 believed the word Here "word" is a metonym that refers to the message that Jesus spoke. Alternate translation: "believed the message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 04 51 a5gw 0 While This word is used to mark two events that are happening at the same time. As the official was going home, his servants were coming to meet him on the road.
JHN 04 53 jhg4 0 So he himself and his whole household believed The reflexive pronoun "himself" is used here to emphasize the word "he." If you have a way of doing this in your language, you may consider using it.
JHN 04 54 k5x6 0 sign Miracles can also be called "signs" because they are used as indicators or evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe.
JHN 05 intro qe17 0 # John 05 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Healing water<br><br>Many of the Jews believed that God would heal people who got into some of the pools in Jerusalem when the waters were "stirred up."<br><br>##### Testimony<br><br>Testimony is what one person says about another person. What a person says about himself is not as important as what other people say about that person. Jesus told the Jews that God had told them who Jesus was, so he did not need to tell them who he was. This was because God had told the writers of the Old Testament what his Messiah would do, and Jesus had done everything they had written that he would do.<br><br>##### The resurrection of life and the resurrection of judgment<br><br>God will make some people alive again and because he gives them his grace, they will live with him forever. But he will make some people alive again and because he will treat them justly, they will live apart from him forever.<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### The Son, the Son of God, and the Son of Man<br><br>Jesus refers to himself in this chapter as the "Son" ([John 5:19](../../jhn/05/19.md)), the "Son of God" ([John 5:25](../../jhn/05/25.md)), and the "Son of Man" ([John 5:27](../../jhn/05/27.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br>
JHN 05 01 urn9 writing-background 0 General Information: This is the next event in the story, in which Jesus goes up to Jerusalem and heals a man. These verses give background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 05 01 ea65 0 After this This refers to after Jesus healed the official's son. See how you translated this in [John 3:22](../03/22.md).
JHN 05 01 b1pz 0 there was a Jewish festival "the Jews were celebrating a festival"
JHN 05 01 z4th 0 went up to Jerusalem Jerusalem is located on the top of a hill. Roads to Jerusalem went up and down smaller hills. If your language has a different word for going up a hill than for walking on level ground, you may use it here.
JHN 05 02 h3w5 0 pool This was a hole in the ground that people filled with water. Sometimes they lined the pools with tiles or other stonework.
JHN 05 02 dt12 translate-names 0 Bethesda a place name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JHN 05 02 luz3 0 roofed porches roofed structures with at least one wall missing and attached to buildings
JHN 05 03 ytj4 0 A large number of people "Many people"
JHN 05 05 r1gt writing-participants 0 General Information: Verse 5 introduces the man lying beside the pool to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
JHN 05 05 bez8 0 was there "was at the Bethesda pool" ([John 5:1](../05/01.md))
JHN 05 06 c7ef 0 he realized "he understood" or "he found out"
JHN 05 06 w97q 0 he said to him "Jesus said to the paralyzed man"
JHN 05 07 aeu3 0 Sir, I do not have Here the word "sir" is a polite form of address.
JHN 05 07 ny5f figs-activepassive 0 when the water is stirred up This can be translated in an active form. Alternate translation: "when the angel moves the water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 05 07 kul6 0 into the pool This was a hole in the ground that people filled with water. Sometimes they lined the pools with tiles or other stonework. See how you translated "pool" in [John 5:2](../05/02.md).
JHN 05 07 u93g 0 another steps down before me "someone else always goes down the steps into the water before me"
JHN 05 08 eqe4 0 Get up "Stand up!"
JHN 05 08 ft81 0 take up your bed, and walk "Pick up your sleeping mat, and walk!"
JHN 05 09 z33x 0 the man was healed "the man became healthy again"
JHN 05 09 i4tk writing-background 0 Now that day The writer uses the word "now" to show that the words that follow are background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 05 10 ja3x 0 So the Jews said to him The Jews (especially the leaders of the Jews) became angry when they saw the man carrying his mat on the Sabbath.
JHN 05 10 xd9b 0 It is the Sabbath "It is God's Day of Rest"
JHN 05 11 en3v 0 He who made me healthy "The man who made me well"
JHN 05 12 r7nx 0 They asked him "The Jewish leaders asked the man who was healed"
JHN 05 14 h1ri 0 Jesus found him "Jesus found the man he had healed"
JHN 05 14 h39z 0 See The word "See" is used here to draw attention to the words that follow.
JHN 05 16 efg2 writing-background 0 Now The writer uses the word "now" to show that the words that follow are background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 05 16 kup5 figs-synecdoche 0 the Jews Here "the Jews" is a synecdoche which represent the "Jewish leaders." Alternate translation: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 05 17 ijd8 0 is working This refers to doing labor, including anything that is done to serve other people.
JHN 05 17 lq1v guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 My Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 05 18 n8bh 0 making himself equal to God "saying that he was like God" or "saying that he had as much authority as God"
JHN 05 19 rr9q 0 Truly, truly Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 05 19 x9sl guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 whatever the Father is doing, the Son does these things also. Jesus, as the Son of God, followed and obeyed his Father's leadership on earth, because Jesus knew the Father loved him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 05 19 iuc7 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Son ... Father These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 05 20 zlr7 0 you will be amazed "you will be surprised" or "you will be shocked"
JHN 05 20 t3b4 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 For the Father loves the Son Jesus, as the Son of God, followed and obeyed his Father's leadership on earth, because Jesus knew the Father loved him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 05 20 x8ac 0 loves The kind of love that comes from God is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. God himself is love and is the source of true love.
JHN 05 21 s6te guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father ... Son These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 05 21 xzu4 0 life This refers to "spiritual life."
JHN 05 22 b2l6 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 For the Father judges no one, but he has given all judgment to the Son The word "for" marks a comparison. The Son of God carries out judgment for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 05 23 p2kj guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 honor the Son just as ... the Father. The one who does not honor the Son does not honor the Father God the Son must be honored and worshiped just like God the Father. If we fail to honor God the Son, then we also fail to honor God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 05 24 w6wu 0 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 05 24 eg5h figs-metonymy 0 he who hears my word Here "word" is a metonym that represents the message of Jesus. Alternate translation: "anyone who hears my message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 05 24 ql7q figs-doublenegatives 0 will not be condemned This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: "will be judged to be innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN 05 25 gtu6 0 Truly, truly Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 05 25 s23d guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear will live The voice of Jesus, the Son of God, will raise dead people from the grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 05 25 d81y guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 05 26 p6ub guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 For just as the Father has life in himself, so he has also given to the Son so that he has life in himself The word "For" marks a comparison. The Son of God has the power to give life, just as the Father does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 05 26 x136 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father ... Son These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 05 26 f5vq 0 life This means spiritual life.
JHN 05 27 g58f guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father ... Son of Man These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 05 27 pr1c 0 the Father has given the Son authority to carry out judgment The Son of God has the authority of God the Father to judge.
JHN 05 28 sr8j 0 Do not be amazed at this "This" refers to the fact that Jesus, as the Son of Man, has the power to give eternal life and to carry out judgment.
JHN 05 28 h9l7 0 hear his voice "hear my voice"
JHN 05 30 ayn1 0 the will of him who sent me The word "him" refers to God the Father.
JHN 05 32 yt31 0 There is another who testifies about me "There is someone else who tells people about me"
JHN 05 32 nr3l 0 another This refers to God.
JHN 05 32 uxh5 0 the testimony that he gives about me is true "what he tells people about me is true"
JHN 05 34 rvc5 0 the testimony that I receive is not from man "I do not need people's testimony"
JHN 05 34 a4je figs-activepassive 0 that you might be saved You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "so God can save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 05 35 w4w3 figs-metaphor 0 John was a lamp that was burning and shining, and you were willing to rejoice in his light for a while Here "lamp" and "light" are metaphors. John taught the people about God and this was like a lamp shining its light into the dark. Alternate translation: "John taught you about God and this was like a lamp shining its light. And for a while what John said made you happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 05 36 rt6j 0 the works that the Father has given me to accomplish ... that the Father has sent me God the Father has sent God the Son, Jesus, to earth. Jesus completes what the Father gives him to do.
JHN 05 36 dvr9 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 05 36 yz3u figs-personification 0 the very works that I do, testify about me Here Jesus says that the miracles "testify" or "tell the people" about him. Alternate translation: "What I do shows the people that God has sent me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JHN 05 37 p157 figs-rpronouns 0 The Father who sent me has himself testified The reflexive pronoun "himself" emphasizes that it is the Father, not someone less important, who has testified. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JHN 05 38 lxm4 0 You do not have his word remaining in you, for you are not believing in the one whom he has sent "You do not believe in the one he has sent. That is how I know that you do not have his word remaining in you"
JHN 05 38 dfn1 figs-metaphor 0 You do not have his word remaining in you Jesus speaks of people living according to God's word as if they were houses and God's word were a person that lived in houses. Alternate translation: "You do not live according to his word" or "You do not obey his word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 05 38 rc2n 0 his word "the message he spoke to you"
JHN 05 39 xi22 0 in them you have eternal life "you will find eternal life if you read them" or "the scriptures will tell you how you can have eternal life"
JHN 05 40 dzm2 0 you are not willing to come to me "you refuse to believe my message"
JHN 05 41 c1rx 0 receive accept
JHN 05 42 b1j4 0 you do not have the love of God in yourselves This can mean 1) "you really do not love God" or 2) "you have really not received God's love."
JHN 05 43 zw65 figs-metonymy 0 in my Father's name Here the word "name" is a metonym that symbolizes God's power and authority. Alternate translation: "I have come with my Father's authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 05 43 rtb9 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 05 43 ue9f 0 receive welcome as a friend
JHN 05 43 p7jg figs-metonymy 0 If another should come in his own name The word "name" is a metonym that represents authority. Alternate translation: "If another should come in his own authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 05 44 e999 figs-rquestion 0 How can you believe, you who accept praise ... God? This remark appears in the form of a question in order to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "There is no way you can believe because you accept praise ... God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 05 44 g7qd 0 believe This means to trust in Jesus.
JHN 05 45 kk5q figs-metonymy 0 The one who accuses you is Moses, in whom you have put your hope "Moses" here is a metonym here that stands for the law itself. Alternate translation: "Moses accuses you in the Law, the very Law in which you have put your hopes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 05 45 pf98 0 your hope "your confidence" or "your trust"
JHN 05 47 b8dd figs-rquestion 0 If you do not believe his writings, how are you going to believe my words? This remark appears in the form of a question to provide emphasis. Alternate translation: "You do not believe his writings, so you will never believe my words!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 06 intro xe4t 0 # John 06 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### King<br><br>The king of any nation was the richest and most powerful person in that nation. The people wanted Jesus to be their king because he gave them food and so they thought he would make the Jews into the richest and most powerful nation in the world. They did not understand that Jesus came to die so God could forgive his people's sins and that the world would persecute his people.<br><br>#### Important metaphors in this chapter<br><br>##### Bread<br><br>Bread was the most common and important food in Jesus' day, and so the word "bread" was their general word for "food." It is often difficult to translate the word "bread" into the languages of people who do not eat bread because the general word for food in some languages refers to food that did not exist in Jesus' culture. Jesus used the word "bread" to refer to himself. He wanted them to understand that they need him so they can have eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])<br><br>##### Eating the flesh and drinking the blood<br><br>When Jesus said, "Unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you will not have life in yourselves," he knew that before he died he would tell his followers to do this by eating bread and drinking wine. In the event this chapter describes, he expected that his hearers would understand that he was using a metaphor but would not understand what the metaphor referred to. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Parenthetical Ideas<br>Several times in this passage, John explains something or gives the reader some context to better understand the story. These explanation are intended to give the reader some additional knowledge without interrupting the flow of the narrative. The information is placed inside parentheses.<br><br>##### "Son of Man"<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([John 6;26](./26.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br>
JHN 06 01 qhj7 writing-background 0 General Information: Jesus has traveled from Jerusalem to Galilee. A crowd has followed him up a mountainside. These verses tell the setting of this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 06 01 el4l 0 After these things The phrase "these things" refers to the events in [John 5:1-46](../05/01.md) and introduces the event that follows.
JHN 06 01 z345 figs-explicit 0 Jesus went away It is implied in the text that Jesus traveled by boat and took his disciples with him. Alternate translation: "Jesus traveled by boat with his disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 06 02 qxs7 0 A great crowd "A large number of people"
JHN 06 02 g6zm 0 signs This refers to the miracles that are used as evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over everything.
JHN 06 04 kct2 0 General Information: The action in the story begins in verse 5.
JHN 06 04 ri55 writing-background 0 Now the Passover, the Jewish festival, was near John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to give background information about when the events happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 06 06 cj58 writing-background 0 But Jesus said this to test Philip, for he himself knew what he was going to do John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to explain why Jesus asked Philip where to buy bread. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 06 06 uk6t figs-rpronouns 0 for he himself knew The reflexive pronoun "himself" makes it clear that the word "he" refers to Jesus. Jesus knew what he would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JHN 06 07 z3gj translate-bmoney 0 Two hundred denarii worth of bread The word "denarii" is the plural of "denarius. "Alternate translation: "The amount of bread that cost two hundred days' wages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
JHN 06 09 k3k6 0 five bread loaves of barley "Five loaves of barley bread." Barley was a common grain.
JHN 06 09 fjx1 0 loaves A loaf of bread is a lump of dough that is shaped and baked. These were probably small dense, round loaves.
JHN 06 09 xwu8 figs-rquestion 0 what are these among so many? This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that they do not have enough food to feed everyone. Alternate translation: "these few loaves and fishes are not enough to feed so many people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 06 10 n9ft 0 sit down "lie down"
JHN 06 10 pf33 writing-background 0 Now there was a lot of grass in the place John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to give background information about the place where this event happens. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 06 10 iz32 0 So the men sat down, about five thousand in number While the crowd probably included women and children ([John 6:4-5](./04.md)), here John is counting only the men.
JHN 06 11 mnw3 0 giving thanks Jesus prayed to God the Father and thanked him for the fish and the loaves.
JHN 06 11 wi9d figs-synecdoche 0 he gave it "he" here represents "Jesus and his disciples." Alternate translation: "Jesus and his disciples gave it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 06 13 y3zz 0 General Information: Jesus withdraws from the crowd. This is the end of the part of the story about Jesus feeding the crowd on the mountain.
JHN 06 13 hqx9 0 they gathered "the disciples gathered"
JHN 06 13 h64z 0 left over the food that no one had eaten
JHN 06 14 nlw1 0 this sign Jesus feeding the 5,000 people with five barley loaves and two fish
JHN 06 14 g8zb 0 the prophet the special prophet who Moses said would come into the world
JHN 06 17 fkj2 writing-background 0 It was dark by this time, and Jesus had not yet come to them Use your language's way of showing that this is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 06 19 xx7d 0 they had rowed Boats usually had two, four, or six people rowing with rowers on each side working together. Your culture may have different ways of making a boat go across a large body of water.
JHN 06 19 sgf4 translate-bdistance 0 about twenty-five or thirty stadia A "stadium" is 185 meters. Alternate translation: "about five or six kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
JHN 06 20 d6wv 0 Do not be afraid "Stop being afraid!"
JHN 06 21 qtw5 figs-explicit 0 they were willing to receive him into the boat It is implied that Jesus gets into the boat. Alternate translation: "they gladly received him into the boat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 06 22 yy7c 0 the sea "the Sea of Galilee"
JHN 06 23 z5b4 writing-background 0 However, there were ... the Lord had given thanks Use your language's way of showing that this is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 06 23 w7qu writing-background 0 boats that came from Tiberias Here, John provides more background information. The next day, after Jesus fed the people, some boats with people from Tiberius came to see Jesus. However, Jesus and his disciples had left the night before. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 06 24 cql6 0 General Information: The people go to Capernaum to find Jesus. When they see him, they start asking him questions.
JHN 06 26 f8j4 0 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 06 27 czb3 0 eternal life which the Son of Man will give you, for God the Father has set his seal on him God the Father has given his approval to Jesus, the Son of Man, to give eternal life to those who believe in him.
JHN 06 27 b94w guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Son of Man ... God the Father These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 06 27 gf9q figs-metaphor 0 has set his seal on him To "set a seal" on something means to place a mark on it to show to whom it belongs. This means that the Son belongs to the Father and that the Father approves of him in every way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 06 31 jz9p 0 heaven This refers to the place where God lives.
JHN 06 32 e6s1 0 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 06 32 ega4 figs-metaphor 0 it is my Father who is giving you the true bread from heaven The "true bread" is a metaphor for Jesus. Alternate translation: "The Father gives to you the Son as the true bread from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 06 32 c73l guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 my Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 06 33 rrf5 0 gives life to the world "gives spiritual life to the world"
JHN 06 33 k897 figs-metonymy 0 the world Here the "world" is a metonym for all of the people in the world who trust in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 06 35 cr2m figs-metaphor 0 I am the bread of life Through metaphor, Jesus compares himself with bread. Just as bread is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. Alternate translation: "Just as food keeps you alive physically, I can give you spiritual life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 06 35 w1sp 0 believes in This means to believe that Jesus is the Son of God, to trust him as Savior, and to live in a way that honors him.
JHN 06 37 n6bk guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Everyone whom the Father gives me will come to me God the Father and God the Son will save forever those who believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 06 37 vpz8 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 06 37 i92s figs-litotes 0 he who comes to me I will certainly not throw out This sentence states the opposite of what it means for emphasis. Alternate translation: "I will keep everyone who comes to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JHN 06 38 cpi9 0 him who sent me "my Father, who sent me"
JHN 06 39 x5c1 figs-litotes 0 I would lose not one of all those Here litotes is used to emphasize that Jesus will keep everyone that God gives to him. Alternate translation: "I should keep all of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JHN 06 39 j7q6 figs-idiom 0 will raise them up Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: "will cause them to live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 06 41 wwa5 figs-metaphor 0 I am the bread Just as bread is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. See how you translated this in [John 6:35](../06/35.md). Alternate translation: "I am the one who is like true bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 06 42 bm3w figs-rquestion 0 Is not this Jesus ... whose father and mother we know? This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders believe that Jesus is no one special. Alternate translation: "This is just Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 06 42 i81r figs-rquestion 0 How then does he now say, 'I have come down from heaven'? This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders do not believe that Jesus came from heaven. Alternate translation: "He is lying when he says that he came from heaven!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 06 44 s6b5 figs-idiom 0 raise him up This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "cause him to live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 06 44 rr2m 0 draws This can mean 1) "pulls" or 2) "attracts."
JHN 06 44 jb73 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 06 45 j1af figs-activepassive 0 It is written in the prophets This is a passive statement that can be translated in an active form. Alternate translation: "The prophets wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 06 45 rk3b 0 Everyone who has heard and learned from the Father comes to me The Jews thought Jesus was the "son of Joseph" ([John 6:42](../06/42.md)), but he is the Son of God because his Father is God, not Joseph. Those who truly learn from God the Father believe in Jesus, who is God the Son.
JHN 06 46 i9mp guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 06 47 de5y 0 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 06 47 t8lk 0 he who believes has eternal life God gives "eternal life" to those who trust in Jesus, the Son of God.
JHN 06 48 iih2 figs-metaphor 0 I am the bread of life Just as bread is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. See how you translated this in [John 6:35](../06/35.md). Alternate translation: "Just like food that keeps you alive physically, I can give you spiritual life that lasts forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 06 49 uh76 0 Your fathers "Your forefathers" or "Your ancestors"
JHN 06 49 mr3u 0 died This refers to physical death.
JHN 06 50 sa53 figs-metaphor 0 This is the bread Here "bread" is a metaphor that points to Jesus who is the one who gives spiritual life just as bread sustains physical life. Alternate translation: "I am like the true bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 06 50 v212 0 not die "live forever." Here the word "die" refers to spiritual death.
JHN 06 51 px99 0 living bread This means "the bread that causes people to live" ([John 6:35](../06/35.md)).
JHN 06 51 nb41 figs-metonymy 0 for the life of the world Here "the world" is a metonym that represents the lives of all the people in the world. Alternate translation: "that will give life to all the people in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 06 52 fj5p figs-rquestion 0 How can this man give us his flesh to eat? This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders are reacting negatively to what Jesus has said about "his flesh." Alternate translation: "There is no way that this man can give us his flesh to eat!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 06 53 q8jl 0 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 06 53 r7hh figs-metaphor 0 eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood Here the phrases "eat the flesh" and "drink his blood" are a metaphor that shows how trusting in Jesus, the Son of Man, is like receiving spiritual food and drink. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 06 53 j1ga 0 you will not have life in yourselves "you will not receive eternal life"
JHN 06 54 hc5d figs-metaphor 0 Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has everlasting life The phrases "eats my flesh" and "drinks my blood" are a metaphor for trusting Jesus. Just as people need food and drink in order to live, people need to trust Jesus in order to have eternal life. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 06 54 ym6w figs-idiom 0 raise him up Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: "cause him to live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 06 54 qia5 0 at the last day "on the day when God judges everyone"
JHN 06 55 cik2 figs-metaphor 0 my flesh is true food ... my blood is true drink The phrases "true food" and "true drink" are a metaphor that means Jesus gives life to those who trust in him. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 06 56 u3w4 0 remains in me, and I in him "has a close relationship with me"
JHN 06 57 dba2 0 so he who eats me The phrase "eats me" is a metaphor for trusting Jesus. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
JHN 06 57 nfz4 0 living Father Possible meanings are 1) "the Father who gives life" or 2) "the Father who is alive."
JHN 06 57 m1l5 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 06 58 m2nz 0 This is the bread that has come down from heaven Jesus was speaking about himself. Alternate translation: "I am the bread that has come down from heaven" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person)
JHN 06 58 kv16 figs-metaphor 0 This is the bread that has come down from heaven The bread is a metaphor for what gives life. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 06 58 j2hx 0 He who eats this bread Jesus spoke about himself as "this bread." Alternate translation: "He who eats me, the bread" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person)
JHN 06 58 jv4c 0 He who eats this bread Here "eats this bread" is a metaphor for trusting Jesus. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
JHN 06 58 i9ih 0 the fathers "the forefathers" or "the ancestors"
JHN 06 59 ph39 writing-background 0 Jesus said these things in the synagogue ... in Capernaum Here John gives background information about when this event happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 06 60 cp3k figs-rquestion 0 who can accept it? This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the disciples have difficulty understanding what Jesus has said. Alternate translation: "no one can accept it!" or "it is too hard to understand!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 06 61 rn8i 0 Does this offend you? "Does this shock you?" or "Does this upset you?"
JHN 06 62 r33r figs-rquestion 0 Then what if you should see the Son of Man going up to where he was before? Jesus offers this remark in the form of a question to emphasize that his disciples will see other things that are also hard to understand. Alternate translation: "Then you will not know what to think when you see me, the Son of Man, going up into heaven!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 06 63 y558 0 profits The word "profit" means to cause good things to happen.
JHN 06 63 fy9p figs-metonymy 0 words Possible meanings are 1) Jesus' words in [John 6:32-58](./32.md) or 2) everything Jesus teaches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 06 63 plw8 0 The words that I have spoken to you "What I have told you"
JHN 06 63 gb29 0 are spirit, and they are life Possible meanings are 1) "are about the Spirit and eternal life" or 2) "are from the Spirit and give eternal life" or 3) "are about spiritual things and life."
JHN 06 64 ey1e writing-background 0 For Jesus knew from the beginning who were the ones ... who it was who would betray him Here John gives background information about what Jesus knew would happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 06 65 c3cl 0 no one can come to me unless it is granted to him by the Father Whoever wants to believe must come to God through the Son. Only God the Father allows people to come to Jesus.
JHN 06 65 g4za guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 06 65 f7l1 0 come to me "follow me and receive eternal life"
JHN 06 66 h8j9 figs-metaphor 0 no longer walked with him Jesus went from one place to another by walking, so it is literally true that they did not walk where and when he walked, but the reader should also be able to understand that this metaphor indicates that they no longer wanted to hear what he had to say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 06 66 v7gq 0 his disciples Here "his disciples" refers to the general group of people who followed Jesus.
JHN 06 67 bg2f figs-ellipsis 0 the twelve This is an ellipsis for "the twelve disciples," a specific group of twelve men who followed Jesus for his entire ministry. Alternate translation: "the twelve disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JHN 06 68 g9l4 figs-rquestion 0 Lord, to whom shall we go? Simon Peter gives this remark in the form of a question to emphasize that he desires to follow only Jesus. Alternate translation: "Lord, we could never follow anyone but you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 06 70 z9yc writing-background 0 General Information: Verse 71 is not part of the main story line as John comments on what Jesus said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 06 70 m9ys figs-rquestion 0 Did not I choose you, the twelve, and one of you is a devil? Jesus gives this remark in the form of a question to draw attention to the fact that one of the disciples will betray him. Alternate translation: "I chose you all myself, yet one of you is a servant of Satan!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 07 intro l712 0 # John 07 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This whole chapter concerns the concept of believing Jesus to be the Messiah. Some people believed this to be true while others rejected it. Some were willing to recognize his power and even the possibility that he was a prophet, but most were unwilling to believe that he was the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>Translators may wish to include a note at verse 53 to explain to the reader why they have chosen or chosen not to translate verses 7:53-8:11.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### "My time has not yet come"<br>This phrase and "his hour had not yet come" are used in this chapter to indicate that Jesus is in control of the events unfolding in his life.<br><br>##### "Living water"<br>This is an important image used in the New Testament. It is a metaphor. Because this metaphor is given in a desert environment, it probably emphasizes that Jesus is able to give life sustaining nourishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Prophecy<br>Jesus gives a prophecy about his life without an explicit statement in John [John 7:33-34](./33.md).<br><br>##### Irony<br>Nicodemus explains to the other Pharisees that the Law requires him to hear directly from a person before making a judgment about them. The Pharisees in turn made a judgment about Jesus without speaking to Jesus.<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "Did not believe in him"<br>Jesus' brothers did not believe Jesus was the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br><br>##### "The Jews"<br>This term is used in two different ways in this passage. It is used specifically in reference to the opposition of the Jewish leaders who were trying to kill him ([John 7:1](../../jhn/07/01.md)). It is also used in reference to the people of Judea in general who had a positive opinion of Jesus ([John 7:13](../../jhn/07/13.md)). The translator may wish to use the terms "Jewish leaders" and "Jewish people" or "Jews (leaders)" and "Jews (in general)."<br>
JHN 07 01 gg4v writing-background 0 General Information: Jesus is in Galilee speaking to his brothers. These verses tell about when this event occurred. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 07 01 b99m 0 After these things These words tell the reader that the writer will begin talking about a new event. "After he finished speaking with the disciples" ([John 6:66-71](../06/66.md)) or "Some time later"
JHN 07 01 k5yv 0 traveled The reader should understand that Jesus probably walked rather than riding an animal or in a vehicle.
JHN 07 01 r94g figs-synecdoche 0 the Jews were seeking to kill him Here "the Jews" is a synecdoche for "the Jewish leaders." Alternate translation: "the Jewish leaders were making plans to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 07 02 m4ch 0 Now the Jewish Festival of Shelters was near "Now the time for the festival of the Jews was near" or "Now it was almost time for the Jewish festival of Shelters"
JHN 07 03 x8ce 0 brothers This refers to the actual younger brothers of Jesus, the sons of Mary and Joseph.
JHN 07 03 id2z 0 the works that you do The word "works" refers to the miracles that Jesus had performed.
JHN 07 04 by1h figs-rpronouns 0 he himself The word "himself" is a reflexive pronoun that emphasizes the word "he." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JHN 07 04 f33j figs-metonymy 0 the world Here "the world" is a metonym for all of the people in the world. Alternate translation: "all people" or "everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 07 05 mz2b writing-background 0 For even his brothers did not believe in him This sentence is a break from the main story line as John tells us some background information about the brothers of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 07 05 bs7f 0 his brothers "his younger brothers"
JHN 07 06 n5bj figs-metonymy 0 My time has not yet come The word "time" is a metonym. Jesus is implying that it is not the right time for him to bring his ministry to a close. Alternate translation: "It is not the right time for me to end my work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 07 06 shs9 0 your time is always ready "any time is good for you"
JHN 07 07 h7kv figs-metonymy 0 The world cannot hate you Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: "All the people in the world cannot hate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 07 07 e5hq 0 I testify about it that its works are evil "I tell them that what they are doing is evil"
JHN 07 08 evk6 figs-explicit 0 my time has not yet been fulfilled Here Jesus is implying that if he goes to Jerusalem, he will bring his work to an end. Alternate translation: "It is not the right time for me to go to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 07 10 xw52 0 General Information: The setting of the story has changed, Jesus and his brothers are now at the festival.
JHN 07 10 jz6l 0 when his brothers had gone up to the festival These "brothers" were the younger brothers of Jesus.
JHN 07 10 z4ym 0 he also went up Jerusalem is at a higher elevation than Galilee where Jesus and his brothers were previously.
JHN 07 10 rw5v figs-doublet 0 not publicly but in secret These two phrases mean the same thing. The idea is repeated for emphasis. Alternate translation: "very secretly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JHN 07 11 i6cl figs-synecdoche 0 The Jews were looking for him Here the word "Jews"is a synecdoche for "the Jewish leaders." The word "him" refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: "The Jewish leaders were looking for Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 07 12 c27a figs-metaphor 0 he leads the crowds astray Here "leads ... astray" is a metaphor for persuading someone to believe something that is not true. Alternate translation: "he deceives the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 07 13 x3xa 0 fear This refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others.
JHN 07 13 n8bb figs-synecdoche 0 the Jews The word "Jews" is a synecdoche for the leaders of the Jews who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 07 14 yut8 0 General Information: Jesus is now teaching the Jews in the temple.
JHN 07 15 e7ve figs-rquestion 0 How does this man know so much? The remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize the Jewish leaders' surprise that Jesus has so much knowledge. Alternate translation: "He cannot possibly know so much about the scriptures!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 07 16 h7mr 0 but is of him who sent me "but comes from God, the one who sent me"
JHN 07 18 xf9j 0 but whoever seeks the glory of him who sent him, that person is true, and there is no unrighteousness in him "when a person only seeks to honor the one who sent him, that person is speaking the truth. He does not lie"
JHN 07 19 c7xq figs-rquestion 0 Did not Moses give you the law? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "It was Moses who gave you the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 07 19 iwv8 0 keeps the law "obeys the law"
JHN 07 19 bfd2 figs-rquestion 0 Why do you seek to kill me? Jesus questions the motives of the Jewish leaders who want to kill him for breaking the law of Moses. He implies that the leaders themselves do not keep that same Law. Alternate translation: "You break the Law yourselves and yet you want to kill me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 07 20 l1rq 0 You have a demon "This shows that you are crazy, or maybe a demon is controlling you!"
JHN 07 20 r9wi figs-rquestion 0 Who seeks to kill you? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "No one is trying to kill you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 07 21 b63z 0 one work "one miracle" or "one sign"
JHN 07 21 l1zf 0 you all marvel "you all are shocked"
JHN 07 22 d8sw writing-background 0 not that it is from Moses, but from the ancestors Here John provides additional information about circumcision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 07 22 cs9z figs-explicit 0 on the Sabbath you circumcise a man Jesus implies that the act of circumcision also involves work. Alternate translation: "you circumcise a male baby on the Sabbath. That is working too" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 07 22 dl6z 0 on the Sabbath "on the Jewish Day of Rest"
JHN 07 23 t21u 0 If a man receives circumcision on the Sabbath so that the law of Moses is not broken "If you circumcise a male baby on the Sabbath so that you do not break the law of Moses"
JHN 07 23 w9wn figs-rquestion 0 why are you angry with me because I made a man completely healthy on the Sabbath? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "you should not be angry with me because I made a man completely well on the Sabbath!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 07 23 f437 0 on the Sabbath "on the Jewish Day of Rest?"
JHN 07 24 x4fl figs-explicit 0 Do not judge according to appearance, but judge righteously Jesus implies that the people should not decide what is right, based only on what they can see. Behind the action is a motive that cannot be seen. Alternate translation: "Stop judging people according to what you see! Be more concerned with what is right according to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 07 25 ts7d figs-rquestion 0 Is not this the one they seek to kill? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "This is Jesus whom they are seeking to kill!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 07 26 n5pi figs-explicit 0 they say nothing to him This implies that the Jewish leaders are not opposing Jesus. Alternate translation: "they say nothing to oppose him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 07 26 s2un figs-rquestion 0 It cannot be that the rulers indeed know that this is the Christ, can it? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "Maybe they have decided that he is truly the Messiah!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 07 28 zxh7 0 cried out "spoke in a loud voice"
JHN 07 28 ah7u figs-explicit 0 in the temple Jesus and the people were actually in the courtyard of the temple. Alternate translation: "in the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 07 28 rq9t figs-irony 0 You both know me and know where I come from John uses irony in this statement. The people believe that Jesus is from Nazareth. They do not know that God sent him from heaven and that he was born in Bethlehem. Alternate translation: "You all know me and you think you know where I come from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JHN 07 28 w35k 0 of myself "on my own authority." See how you translated "of himself" in [John 5:19](../05/19.md).
JHN 07 28 a2h9 0 he who sent me is true "God is the one who sent me and he is true"
JHN 07 30 pxr4 figs-metonymy 0 his hour had not yet come The word "hour" is a metonym that represents the right time for Jesus to be arrested, according to God's plan. Alternate translation: "it was not the right time to arrest him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 07 31 y5m8 figs-rquestion 0 When the Christ comes, will he do more signs than what this one has done? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "When the Christ comes, surely he will not be able to do more signs than this man has done!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 07 31 x8e4 0 signs This refers to the miracles that prove that Jesus is the Christ.
JHN 07 33 xm7p 0 I am still with you for a short amount of time "I will remain with you for only a short period of time"
JHN 07 33 b4m8 0 then I go to him who sent me Here Jesus refers to God the Father, who sent him.
JHN 07 34 p7w6 0 where I go, you will not be able to come "you will not be able to come to the place where I am"
JHN 07 35 zn29 figs-synecdoche 0 The Jews therefore said among themselves The "Jews" is a synecdoche that represents the leaders of the Jews who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "The Jewish leaders said among themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 07 35 ef1y 0 the dispersion This refers to the Jews that were spread all across the Greek world, outside of Palestine.
JHN 07 36 ib6p figs-metonymy 0 What is this word that he said This "word" is a metonym which stands for the meaning of the message that Jesus had shared, which the Jewish leaders had failed to understand. Alternate translation: "What is he talking about when he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 07 37 elc6 0 General Information: Some time has passed. It is now the last day of the festival and Jesus speaks to the crowd.
JHN 07 37 fg95 0 great day It is "great" because it is the last, or most important, day of the festival.
JHN 07 37 iy9e figs-metaphor 0 If anyone is thirsty Here the word "thirsty" is a metaphor that means one's great desire for the things of God, just as one "thirsts" for water. Alternate translation: "Those who desire the things of God like a thirty man desires water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 07 37 ayn6 figs-metaphor 0 let him come to me and drink The word "drink" is a metaphor that means to receive the spiritual life that Jesus provides. Alternate translation: "let him come to me and quench his spiritual thirst" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 07 38 u9cx 0 He who believes in me, just as the scripture says "As the scripture says about anyone who believes in me"
JHN 07 38 uw2q figs-metaphor 0 rivers of living water will flow The "rivers of living water" is a metaphor that represents the life that Jesus provides for those who are spiritually "thirsty." Alternate translation: "spiritual life will flow like rivers of water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 07 38 yt75 figs-metaphor 0 living water Possible meanings are 1) "water that gives life" or 2) "water that causes people to live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 07 38 cx1q figs-metonymy 0 from his stomach Here the stomach represents the inside of a person, specifically the non-physical part of a person. Alternate translation: "from inside of him" or "from his heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 07 39 i8wx writing-background 0 General Information: In this verse the author gives information to clarify what Jesus is talking about. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 07 39 syp9 0 But he Here "he" refers to Jesus.
JHN 07 39 qbr1 figs-explicit 0 the Spirit had not yet been given John implies that the Spirit would later come to live in those who trusted Jesus. Alternate translation: "the Spirit had not yet come to live in the believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 07 39 n599 0 because Jesus was not yet glorified Here the word "glorified" refers to the time when God would honor the Son after his death and resurrection.
JHN 07 40 shq8 figs-explicit 0 This is indeed the prophet By saying this, the people are indicating that they believe Jesus is the prophet like Moses that God had promised to send. Alternate translation: "This is indeed the prophet who is like Moses that we have been waiting for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 07 41 alq3 figs-rquestion 0 Does the Christ come from Galilee? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "The Christ cannot come from Galilee!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 07 42 n8nb figs-rquestion 0 Have the scriptures not said that the Christ will come from the descendants of David and from Bethlehem, the village where David was? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "The scriptures teach that Christ will come from the line of David and from Bethlehem, the village where David was!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 07 42 ep4z figs-personification 0 Have the scriptures not said The scriptures are referred to as if they were actually speaking as a person speaks. Alternate translation: "The prophets wrote in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JHN 07 42 zjh5 0 where David was "where David lived"
JHN 07 43 lf5r 0 So there arose a division in the crowds because of him The crowds could not agree about who or what Jesus was.
JHN 07 44 rc64 figs-idiom 0 but no one laid hands on him To lay hands on someone is an idiom which means to grab him or to hold onto him. Alternate translation: "but no one grabbed him to arrest him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 07 45 m3rf 0 the officers "the temple guards"
JHN 07 46 qwv3 figs-explicit 0 Never has anyone spoken like this The officers exaggerate to show how impressed they are by what Jesus said. You may need to make explicit that the officer were not claiming to know everything that every person in all times and places had ever said. "We have never heard anyone say such amazing things as this man!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JHN 07 47 d4xy 0 So the Pharisees "Because they said that, the Pharisees"
JHN 07 47 t91p 0 answered them "answered the officers"
JHN 07 47 z95z figs-rquestion 0 Have you also been deceived? The remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. The Pharisees are shocked at the response of the officers. Alternate translation: "You have been deceived too!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 07 48 e8vu figs-rquestion 0 Have any of the rulers believed in him, or any of the Pharisees? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "None of the rulers or Pharisees have believed in him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 07 49 e5td 0 the law This is a reference to the law of the Pharisees and not the law of Moses.
JHN 07 49 fe7d 0 But this crowd that does not know the law, they are cursed "As for this crowd that does not know the law, God will cause them to perish!"
JHN 07 50 u5ha writing-background 0 one of the Pharisees, who came to him earlier John provides this information to remind us of who Nicodemus is. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 07 51 ia3j figs-rquestion 0 Does our law judge a man ... what he does? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Our Jewish law does not allow us to judge a man ... what he does!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 07 51 y8df figs-personification 0 Does our law judge a man Here Nicodemus speaks of the law as if it were a person. If this is not natural in your language, you may translate it with a personal subject. Alternate translation: "Do we judge a man" or "we do not judge a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JHN 07 52 pt91 figs-rquestion 0 Are you also from Galilee? The Jewish leaders know that Nicodemus is not from Galilee. They ask this question as a way of scoffing at him. Alternate translation: "You must also be one of those inferior persons from Galilee!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 07 52 k6pg figs-ellipsis 0 Search and see This is an ellipsis. You may wish to include the information that does not appear. Alternate translation: "Search carefully and read what is written in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JHN 07 52 jm59 0 no prophet comes from Galilee This probably refers to the belief that Jesus was born in Galilee.
JHN 07 53 s5fi translate-textvariants 0 General Information: The best early texts do not have 7:53 - 8:11. The ULT has set them apart in square brackets ([ ]) to show that John probably did not include them in his original text. Translators are encouraged to translate them, to set them apart with square brackets, and to include a footnote like the one written on [John 7:53](../07/53.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
JHN 08 intro e667 0 # John 08 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Translators may wish to include a note at verse 1 to explain to the reader why they have chosen to translate or to not translate verses 8:1-11.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### A light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. Here it is all Gentiles (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>##### I AM<br><br>John records Jesus as saying these words four times in this book, three times in this chapter. They stand alone as a complete sentence, and they literally translate the Hebrew word for "I AM," by which Yahweh identified himself to Moses. For these reasons, many people believe that when Jesus said these words he was claiming to be Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]]).<br><br>##### The Scribes and Pharisees' trap<br><br>The Scribes and Pharisees wanted to trick Jesus. They wanted him to say either that they should keep the law of Moses by killing a woman whom they had found committing adultery or that they should disobey the law of Moses and forgive her sin. Jesus knew that they were trying to trick him and that they did not really want to keep the law of Moses. He knew this because the law said that both the woman and the man should die, but they did not bring the man to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "Son of Man"<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([John 8:28](../../jhn/08/28.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br>
JHN 08 02 c8r8 0 all the people This is a general way of speaking. It means "many people."
JHN 08 03 lzy3 figs-synecdoche 0 The scribes and the Pharisees brought Here the phrase "the scribes and the Pharisees" is a synecdoche that represents some of the members of these two groups. Alternate translation: "Some scribes and Pharisees brought" or "Some men who taught the Jewish laws and some who were Pharisees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 08 03 r6th figs-activepassive 0 a woman caught in the act of adultery This is a passive statement. You may translate it in an active form. Alternate translation: "a woman whom they had found committing adultery" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 08 04 ce8d translate-textvariants 0 General Information: While some texts have 7:53 - 8:11, the best and earliest texts do not include them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
JHN 08 05 hc6e 0 such people "people like that" or "people who do that"
JHN 08 05 qe27 0 what do you say about her? "So you tell us. What should we do about her?"
JHN 08 06 b8fk 0 to trap him This means to use a trick question.
JHN 08 06 rx7l figs-explicit 0 so that they might have something to accuse him about What they would accuse him of can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "so that they could accuse him of saying something wrong" or "so that they could accuse him of not obeying the law of Moses or the Roman law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 08 07 dzk6 0 General Information: While some texts have 7:53 - 8:11, the best and earliest texts do not include them.
JHN 08 07 h3m5 0 When they continued The word "they" refers to the scribes and Pharisees.
JHN 08 07 da8h figs-abstractnouns 0 The one among you who has no sin The abstract noun "sin" can be expressed with the verb sin. Alternate translation: "The one among you is has never sinned" or "If any one of you has never sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JHN 08 07 shv8 0 let him "let that person"
JHN 08 08 gh49 0 he stooped down "he bent down"
JHN 08 09 as6n 0 General Information: While some texts have 7:53 - 8:11, the best and earliest texts do not include them.
JHN 08 09 f2xc 0 one by one "one after another"
JHN 08 10 ux9t 0 Woman, where are your accusers When Jesus called her "woman," he was not trying to make her feel insignificant. If people in your language group would think that he was doing that, this can be translated without the word "Woman."
JHN 08 12 m4ma writing-background 0 General Information: Jesus is speaking to a crowd near the treasury in the temple after either the events of [John 7:1-52](../07/01.md) or the events of [John 7:53-8:11](../07/53.md). The author neither gives background to this event nor marks the beginning of a new event. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JHN 08 12 k5ib figs-metaphor 0 I am the light of the world Here the "light" is a metaphor for the revelation that comes from God. Alternate translation: "I am the one who gives light to the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 08 12 yc5p figs-metonymy 0 the world This is a metonym for the people. Alternate translation: "the people of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 08 12 zf41 figs-idiom 0 he who follows me This is an idiom that means "everyone who does what I teach" or "everyone who obeys me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 08 12 tse3 figs-metaphor 0 will not walk in the darkness To "walk in darkness" is a metaphor for living a sinful life. Alternate translation: "will not live as if he were in the darkness of sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 08 12 vw7r figs-metaphor 0 light of life The "light of life" is a metaphor for the truth from God that gives spiritual life. Alternate translation: "truth that brings eternal life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 08 13 ih9h 0 You bear witness about yourself "You are just saying these things about yourself"
JHN 08 13 mrj6 figs-explicit 0 your witness is not true The Pharisees are implying that the witness of only one person is not true because it cannot be verified. Alternate translation: "you cannot be your own witness" or "what you say about yourself may not be true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 08 14 x9rf 0 Even if I bear witness about myself "Even if I say these things about myself"
JHN 08 15 k92s 0 the flesh "human standards and the laws of men"
JHN 08 15 j79i 0 I judge no one Possible meanings are 1) "I do not judge anyone yet" or 2) "I am not judging anyone now."
JHN 08 16 xnn5 0 if I judge Possible meanings are 1) "if I judge people" or 2) "whenever I judge people"
JHN 08 16 jb2f 0 my judgment is true Possible meanings are 1) "my judgment will be right" or 2) "my judgment is right."
JHN 08 16 emx1 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 I am not alone, but I am with the Father who sent me Jesus, the Son of God, has authority because of his special relationship with his Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 08 16 ev1r figs-explicit 0 I am not alone The implied information is that Jesus is not alone in his judgment. Alternate translation: "I am not alone in how I judge" or "I do not judge alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 08 16 f6nu 0 I am with the Father The Father and the Son judge together. Alternate translation: "the Father also judges with me" or "the Father judges as I do"
JHN 08 16 r7dx guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 the Father This is an important title for God. If your language must state whose Father this is, you could say "my Father" since Jesus switches to that in the following verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 08 17 i1sl 0 Yes, and in your law The word "Yes" shows that Jesus is adding to what he was saying before.
JHN 08 17 r2r8 figs-activepassive 0 it is written This is a passive phrase. You may translate it in an active form with a personal subject. Alternate translation: "Moses wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 08 17 l6ln figs-explicit 0 the testimony of two men is true The logic implied here is that one person can verify the words of another. Alternate translation: "if two men say the same thing, then people know it is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 08 18 ff2p 0 I am he who bears witness about myself Jesus bears witness about himself. Alternate translation: "I give evidence to you about myself"
JHN 08 18 gfd3 figs-explicit 0 the Father who sent me bears witness about me The Father also bears witness about Jesus. You could make it explicit that this means Jesus' testimony is true. Alternate translation: "my Father who sent me also brings evidence about me. So you should believe that what we tell you is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 08 18 ycc8 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 the Father This is an important title for God. If your language must state whose Father this is, you could say "my Father" since Jesus switches to that in the following verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 08 19 s37n writing-background 0 General Information: In verse 20 there is a break in Jesus' speaking where the author give us background information regarding where Jesus had been teaching. Some languages may require the information about the setting to be placed at the beginning of this part of the story in [John 8:12](../08/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 08 19 d3b9 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 You know neither me nor my Father; if you had known me, you would have known my Father also Jesus indicates that to know him is to also know the Father. Both Father and Son are God. "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 08 19 b26z guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 my Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 08 20 b11j figs-metonymy 0 his hour had not yet come The word "hour" is a metonym for the time for Jesus to die. Alternate translation: "it was not yet the right time for Jesus to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 08 21 gg46 0 die in your sin Here the word "die" refers to spiritual death. Alternate translation: "die while you are still sinful" or "you will die while you are sinning"
JHN 08 21 e83m 0 you cannot come "you are not able to come"
JHN 08 22 a4p4 figs-synecdoche 0 The Jews said Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for "the Jewish leaders." Alternate translation: "The Jewish leaders said" or "The Jewish authorities said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 08 23 zug9 0 You are from below "You were born in this world"
JHN 08 23 a7ny 0 I am from above "I came from heaven"
JHN 08 23 svn1 0 You are of this world "You belong to this world"
JHN 08 23 w9jl 0 I am not of this world "I do not belong to this world"
JHN 08 24 jgw4 0 you will die in your sins "you will die without God's forgiving your sins"
JHN 08 24 he1k 0 that I AM Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as "I AM," or 2) Jesus expects the people to understand that he is referring to what he already has already said about himself: "I am from above."
JHN 08 25 t7tv 0 They said The word "They" refers to the Jewish leaders ([John 8:22](../08/22.md)).
JHN 08 26 lsc7 figs-metonymy 0 these things I say to the world Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: "these things I say to all the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 08 27 hh1s guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 the Father This is a special title for God. Some languages may require the use of a possessive before the noun. Alternate translation: "his Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 08 28 x6ca 0 When you have lifted up This refers to placing Jesus on the cross to kill him.
JHN 08 28 er3s 0 Son of Man Jesus used the title "Son of Man" to refer to himself.
JHN 08 28 tcs5 0 I AM Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as "I AM," or 2) Jesus is saying, "I am the one I claim to be."
JHN 08 28 vq9k guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 As the Father taught me, I speak these things "I am only saying what my Father taught me to say." The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 08 29 w9cl 0 He who sent me The word "He" refers to God.
JHN 08 30 ld9x 0 As Jesus was saying these things "As Jesus spoke these words"
JHN 08 30 uj29 0 many believed in him "many people trusted him"
JHN 08 31 g752 figs-idiom 0 remain in my word This is an idiom that means "to obey Jesus." Alternate translation: "obey what I have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 08 31 iq3z 0 my disciples "my followers"
JHN 08 32 esz8 figs-personification 0 the truth will set you free This is personification. Jesus speaks of "the truth" as if it were a person. Alternate translation: "if you obey the truth, God will set you free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JHN 08 32 xf9m 0 the truth This refers to what Jesus reveals about God. Alternate translation: "what is true about God"
JHN 08 33 n34n figs-rquestion 0 how can you say, 'You will be set free'? This remark appears in the form of a question to express the Jewish leaders' shock at what Jesus has said. Alternate translation: "We do not need to be set free!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 08 34 i2pn 0 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 08 34 jg3z figs-metaphor 0 is the slave of sin Here the word "slave" is a metaphor. This implies that "sin" is like a master for the one who sins. Alternate translation: "is like a slave to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 08 35 sg4a figs-metonymy 0 in the house Here "house" is a metonym for "family." Alternate translation: "as a permanent member of a family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 08 35 j73t figs-ellipsis 0 the son remains forever This is an ellipsis. You may translate it by including the implied words. Alternate translation: "the son is a member of the family forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JHN 08 36 n6fp figs-explicit 0 if the Son sets you free, you will be truly free It is implied that Jesus is talking about freedom from sin, which is a metaphor for being able not to sin. Alternate translation: "if the Son msets you free, you will truly be able to refrain from sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 08 36 w3q1 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 if the Son sets you free "Son" is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. Jesus was speaking about himself. Alternate translation: "If I, the Son, set you free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JHN 08 37 ph1q figs-metonymy 0 my word has no place in you Here "word" is a metonym for the "teachings" or "message" of Jesus, which the Jewish leaders do not accept. Alternate translation: "you do not accept my teachings" or "you do not allow my message to change your life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 08 38 m62y 0 I say what I have seen with my Father "I am telling you about the things I saw when I was with my Father"
JHN 08 38 f9yu 0 you also do what you heard from your father The Jewish leaders do not understand that by "your father" Jesus is referring to the devil. Alternate translation: "you also continue doing what your father has told you to do"
JHN 08 39 qp2r 0 father forefather
JHN 08 40 s615 0 Abraham did not do this "Abraham never tried to kill anyone who told him the true revelation from God"
JHN 08 41 i87r figs-explicit 0 You do the works of your father Jesus implies that their father is the devil. Alternate translation: "No! You are doing the things that your real father did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 08 41 y82e figs-explicit 0 We were not born in sexual immorality Here the Jewish leaders imply that Jesus does not know who his real father is. Alternate translation: "We do not know about you, but we are not illegitimate children" or "We were all born from proper marriages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 08 41 iz3h guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 we have one Father: God Here the Jewish leaders claim God as their spiritual Father. This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 08 42 nh4m 0 love This is the kind of love that comes from God and is focused on the good of others (including those who are our enemies), even when it does not benefit oneself.
JHN 08 43 ig11 figs-rquestion 0 Why do you not understand my words? Jesus is using this question mainly to rebuke the Jewish leaders for not listening to him. Alternate translation: "I will tell you why you do not understand what I say!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 08 43 cf8v figs-metonymy 0 It is because you cannot hear my words Here "words" is a metonym for the "teachings" of Jesus. Alternate translation: "It is because you will not accept my teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 08 44 vgy1 0 You are of your father, the devil "You belong to your father, Satan"
JHN 08 44 k1qu figs-metaphor 0 the father of lies Here "father" is a metaphor for the one who originates all lies. Alternate translation: "he is the one who created all lies in the beginning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 08 45 e55r 0 because I speak the truth "because I tell you true things about God"
JHN 08 46 y3gz figs-rquestion 0 Which one of you convicts me of sin? Jesus uses this question to emphasize that he has never sinned. Alternate translation: "None of you can show that I have ever sinned!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 08 46 kh6a 0 If I speak the truth "If I say things that are true"
JHN 08 46 ibp1 figs-rquestion 0 why do you not believe me? Jesus uses this question to scold the Jewish leaders for their unbelief. Alternate translation: "you have no reason for not believing in me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 08 47 l7gy figs-metonymy 0 the words of God Here "words" is a metonym for the "message" of God. Alternate translation: "the message of God" or "the truth that comes from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 08 48 vu1h figs-synecdoche 0 The Jews The "Jews" is a synecdoche that represents the "Jewish leaders" who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "The Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 08 48 cic5 figs-rquestion 0 Do we not truly say that you are a Samaritan and have a demon? The Jewish leaders use this question to accuse Jesus and to dishonor him. Alternate translation: "We are certainly right in saying that you are a Samaritan and that a demon lives in you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 08 50 fg43 0 there is one seeking and judging This refers to God.
JHN 08 51 fb52 0 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 08 51 m46r figs-metonymy 0 keeps my word Here "word" is a metonym for the "teachings" of Jesus. Alternate translation: "obeys my teachings" or "does what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 08 51 gx7l figs-idiom 0 see death This is an idiom that means to experience death. Here Jesus is referring to spiritual death. Alternate translation: "die spiritually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 08 52 e9xz figs-synecdoche 0 Jews Here "Jews" is a metonym for the "Jewish leaders" who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 08 52 zah1 0 If anyone keeps my word "If anyone obeys my teaching"
JHN 08 52 a1ls figs-idiom 0 taste death This is an idiom that means to experience death. The Jewish leaders mistakenly assume that Jesus is speaking only about physical death. Alternate translation: "die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 08 53 shp3 figs-rquestion 0 You are not greater than our father Abraham who died, are you? The Jewish leaders use this question to emphasize that Jesus is not greater than Abraham. Alternate translation: "You are certainly not greater than our father Abraham who indeed died!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 08 53 p38s 0 father forefather
JHN 08 53 cei7 figs-rquestion 0 Who do you make yourself out to be? The Jews use this question to rebuke Jesus for thinking that he is more important than Abraham. Alternate translation: "You should not think that you are so important!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 08 54 ab13 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 it is my Father who glorifies me—about whom you say that he is your God The word "Father" is an important title for God. No one knows God the Father like Jesus, the Son of God. Alternate translation: "it is my Father who honors me, and you say that he is your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 08 55 c3bm figs-metonymy 0 keep his word Here "word" is a metonym for what God says. Alternate translation: "I obey what he says to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 08 56 tyu5 figs-metonymy 0 my day This is a metonym for what Jesus would accomplish during his life. Alternate translation: "what I would do during my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 08 56 hv5g 0 he saw it and was glad "he foresaw my coming through God's revelation and he rejoiced"
JHN 08 57 erp5 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of the part of the story about Jesus speaking with the Jews in the temple, which began in [John 8:12](../08/12.md).
JHN 08 57 yzf9 figs-synecdoche 0 The Jews said to him Here the "Jews" is a synecdoche for the "Jewish leaders" who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "The Jewish leaders said to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 08 57 r1ek figs-rquestion 0 You are not yet fifty years old, and you have seen Abraham? The Jewish leaders use this question to express their shock that Jesus claims to have seen Abraham. Alternate translation: "You are less than fifty years old. You could not have seen Abraham!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 08 58 rnw4 0 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 08 58 k4tp 0 I AM Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as "I AM," or 2) Jesus is saying, "before Abraham existed, I existed."
JHN 08 59 bxs5 figs-explicit 0 Then they picked up stones to throw at him The Jewish leaders are outraged at what Jesus has said. Here it is implied that they wanted to kill him because he had made himself equal to God. Alternate translation: "Then they picked up stones to kill him because he claimed to be equal with God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 09 intro hq31 0 # John 09 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### "Who sinned?"<br><br>Many of the Jews of Jesus' time believed that if a person was blind or deaf or crippled, it was because he or his parents or someone in his family had sinned. This was not the teaching of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>##### "He does not keep the Sabbath"<br><br>The Pharisees thought that Jesus was working, and so breaking the Sabbath, by making mud. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])<br><br>#### Important metaphors in this chapter<br><br>##### Light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>##### Seeing and being blind<br><br>Jesus calls the Pharisees blind because they see that Jesus is able to heal blind people but they still do not believe that God sent him ([John 9:39-40](./39.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "Son of Man"<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([John 9:35](../../jhn/09/35.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br>
JHN 09 01 fa5a 0 General Information: As Jesus and his disciples are walking along, they come across a blind man.
JHN 09 01 un4h writing-newevent 0 Now This word shows that the author is about to describe a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JHN 09 01 z5sx figs-synecdoche 0 as Jesus passed by Here "Jesus" is a synecdoche for Jesus and the disciples. Alternate translation: "as Jesus and his disciples passed by" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 09 02 w44c figs-explicit 0 who sinned, this man or his parents ... blind? This question reflects the ancient Jewish belief that sin caused all illnesses and other deformities. The rabbis also taught that it was possible for a baby to sin while still in the womb. Alternate translation: "Teacher, we know that sin causes a person to be blind. Whose sin caused this man to be born blind? did this man himself sin, or was it his parents who sinned?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 09 04 h231 figs-inclusive 0 We This "We" includes both Jesus and the disciples he is talking to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
JHN 09 04 g92d figs-metaphor 0 day ... Night Here "day" and "night" are metaphors. Jesus is comparing the time when people can do God's work to daytime, the time when people normally work, and nighttime to when they cannot do God's work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 09 05 f2xu figs-metonymy 0 in the world Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: "living among the people of this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 09 05 dd8k figs-metaphor 0 light of the world Here "light" is a metaphor for the true revelation of God. Alternate translation: "the one who shows what is true just as light allows people to see what is in the darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 09 06 y3s4 figs-explicit 0 made mud with the saliva Jesus used his fingers to mix the dirt and saliva. Alternate translation: "and used his fingers to mix the dirt and saliva to make mud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 09 07 ily8 figs-explicit 0 wash ... washed You may need to make explicit that Jesus wanted him to wash the mud off of his eyes in the pool and that that is what the man did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 09 07 ri9h writing-background 0 which is translated "Sent" A brief break occurs here in the story line so John can explain to his readers what "Siloam" means. Alternate translation: "which means 'Sent'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 09 08 r79x figs-rquestion 0 Is not this the man that used to sit and beg? This remark appears in the form of a question to express the surprise of the people. Alternate translation: "This man is the one who used to sit and beg!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 09 10 m97n 0 Then how were your eyes opened? "Then what caused you to be able to see?" or "How is it that you can see now?"
JHN 09 11 a42y 0 smeared it on my eyes "used his fingers to cover my eyes with mud." See how you translated a similar phrase in [John 9:6](../09/06.md).
JHN 09 13 dl48 writing-background 0 General Information: Verse 14 tells background information about when Jesus healed the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 09 13 cu14 0 They brought the man who used to be blind to the Pharisees The people insisted that the man go with them to the Pharisees. They did not physically force him to go.
JHN 09 14 qxy9 0 Sabbath day "Jewish Day of Rest"
JHN 09 15 d6xd 0 Then again the Pharisees asked him "So the Pharisees also asked him"
JHN 09 16 y3wn writing-background 0 General Information: In verse 18 there is a break from the main story line as John provides background information about the Jews' disbelief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 09 16 hdh9 0 he does not keep the Sabbath This means Jesus does not obey the law about doing no work on the Jewish Day of Rest.
JHN 09 16 k4sy figs-rquestion 0 How can a man who is a sinner do such signs? This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that Jesus' signs prove he is not a sinner. Alternate translation: "A sinner can not do such signs!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 09 16 qn73 0 signs This is another word for miracles. "Signs" give evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe.
JHN 09 17 lcb3 0 He is a prophet "I think he is a prophet"
JHN 09 18 awp6 figs-synecdoche 0 Now the Jews still did not believe Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the "Jewish leaders" who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: Now the Jewish leaders still did not believe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 09 19 npf9 0 They asked the parents "They" refers to the Jewish leaders.
JHN 09 21 vh7q 0 he is an adult "he is a man" or "he is no longer a child"
JHN 09 22 yq73 writing-background 0 General Information: In verse 22 there is a break from the main story line as John provides background information about the man's parents being afraid of the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 09 22 k2iw figs-synecdoche 0 they were afraid of the Jews Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the "Jewish leaders" who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "they were afraid of what the Jewish leaders might do to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 09 22 j15m 0 afraid This refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to oneself or others.
JHN 09 22 dgp7 0 would confess him to be the Christ "would say that Jesus is the Christ"
JHN 09 22 yjv9 figs-metaphor 0 he would be thrown out of the synagogue Here "be thrown out of the synagogue" is a metaphor for no longer being allowed to go into the synagogue and no longer belonging to the group of people who attend services at the synagogue. Alternate translation: "he would not be allowed to go into the synagogue" or "he would no longer belong to the synagogue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 09 23 f9zl 0 He is an adult "he is a man" or "he is no longer a child." See how you translated this in [John 9:21](../09/21.md).
JHN 09 24 h1tl 0 they called the man Here, "they" refers to the Jews. ([John 9:18](../09/18.md))
JHN 09 24 bkx6 figs-idiom 0 Give glory to God This is an idiom that people used when taking an oath. Alternate translation: "In the presence of God, tell the truth" or "Speak the truth before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 09 24 ww3t 0 this man This refers to Jesus.
JHN 09 25 sr93 0 that man This refers to the man who had been blind.
JHN 09 27 cf2d figs-rquestion 0 Why do you want to hear it again? This remark appears in the form of a question to express the man's amazement that the Jewish leaders have asked him to tell them again what happened. Alternate translation: "I am surprised that you want to hear again what happened to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 09 27 kpt6 figs-rquestion 0 You do not want to become his disciples too, do you? This remark appears in the form of a question to add irony to the man's statement. He knows that the Jewish leaders do not want to follow Jesus. Here he ridicules them. Alternate translation: "It sounds like you also want to become his disciples!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JHN 09 28 h7hy 0 You are his disciple "You are following Jesus!"
JHN 09 28 z2tn figs-exclusive 0 but we are disciples of Moses The pronoun "we" is exclusive. The Jewish leaders are speaking only of themselves. Alternate translation: "but we are following Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
JHN 09 29 ye4k 0 We know that God has spoken to Moses "We are sure that God has spoken to Moses"
JHN 09 29 vv43 figs-explicit 0 we do not know where this one is from Here the Jewish leaders are referring to Jesus. They imply that he has no authority to call disciples. Alternate translation: "we do not know where he comes from or where he gets his authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 09 30 i3gm figs-explicit 0 that you do not know where he is from The man is surprised that the Jewish leaders question Jesus' authority when they know he has the power to heal. Alternate translation: "that you do not know where he gets his authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 09 31 e7ec 0 does not listen to sinners ... listens to him "does not answer the prayers of sinners ... God answers his prayers"
JHN 09 32 b2xt figs-activepassive 0 it has never been heard that anyone opened This is a passive statement. You can translate it in an active form. Alternate translation: "no one has ever heard of anyone who healed a man who was blind from birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 09 33 tt5e figs-doublenegatives 0 If this man were not from God, he could do nothing This sentence uses a double negative pattern. "Only a man from God could do something like that!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN 09 34 da3z figs-rquestion 0 You were completely born in sins, and you are teaching us? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. It also implies that the man was born blind because of the sins of his parents. Alternate translation: "You were born as a result of your parents' sins. You are not qualified to teach us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 09 34 kl2x 0 they threw him out "they threw him out of the synagogue"
JHN 09 35 z6r9 0 General Information: Jesus finds the man whom he healed ([John 9:1-7](./01.md)) and begins to speak to him and the crowd.
JHN 09 35 rpb5 0 believe in This means to "believe in Jesus," to believe that he is the Son of God, to trust him as Savior, and live in a way that honors him.
JHN 09 35 tw58 0 the Son of Man Here the reader needs to understand that Jesus was speaking as if "the Son of Man" were another person. The man who had been born blind did not realize that Jesus was speaking of himself when he spoke of "the Son of Man." You should translate so that the man does not learn that Jesus is the Son of Man until verse 37.
JHN 09 39 azp3 figs-metonymy 0 came into this world The "world" is a metonym for "the people who live in the world." Alternate translation: "came to live among the people of this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 09 39 te5y figs-metaphor 0 so that those who do not see may see and so that those who see may become blind Here "seeing" and "blindness" are metaphors. Jesus distinguishes between people who are spiritually blind and physically blind. Alternate translation: "so that those who are blind spiritually, but who want to see God, can see him, and those who already falsely think they can see God will remain in their blindness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 09 40 d8mm 0 Are we also blind? "Do you think we are spiritually blind?"
JHN 09 41 rh3l figs-metaphor 0 If you were blind, you would have no sin Here "blindness" is a metaphor for not knowing God's truth. Alternate translation: "If you wanted to know God's truth, you would be able to receive your sight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 09 41 jmq7 figs-metaphor 0 but now you say, 'We see,' so your sin remains Here "seeing" is a metaphor for knowing God's truth. Alternate translation: "Since you falsely think that you already know God's truth, you will remain blind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 10 intro e8mb 0 # John 10 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Blasphemy<br><br>When a person claims that he is God or that God has told him to speak when God has not told him to speak, this is called blasphemy. The law of Moses commanded the Israelites to kill blasphemers by stoning them to death. When Jesus said, "I and the Father are one," the Jews thought he was blaspheming, so they took up stones to kill him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blasphemy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>#### Important metaphors in this chapter<br><br>##### Sheep<br><br>Jesus spoke of people as sheep because sheep do not see well, they do not think well, they often walk away from those who care for them, and they cannot defend themselves when other animals attack them. God's people also rebel against him and do not know when they are doing wrong.<br><br>##### Sheep pen<br><br>A sheep pen was a space with a stone wall around it in which shepherds would keep their sheep. Once they were inside the sheep pen, the sheep could not run away, and animals and thieves could not easily get inside to kill or steal them.<br><br>##### Laying down and taking up life<br><br>Jesus speaks of his life as if it were a physical object that he could lay down on the ground, a metaphor for dying, or pick up again, a metaphor for becoming alive again.<br>
JHN 10 01 ab9x 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to speak to the Pharisees. This is the same part of the story which began in [John 9:35](../09/35.md).
JHN 10 01 i3tj 0 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 10 01 xq1f 0 sheep pen This is a fenced area where a shepherd keeps his sheep.
JHN 10 01 zz7x figs-doublet 0 a thief and a robber This is the use of two words with similar meanings to add emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JHN 10 03 uy2v 0 The gatekeeper opens for him "The gatekeeper opens the gate for the shepherd"
JHN 10 03 iac4 0 The gatekeeper This is a hired man who watches the gate of the sheep pen at night while the shepherd is away.
JHN 10 03 db3c 0 The sheep hear his voice "The sheep hear the shepherd's voice"
JHN 10 04 n1ta 0 he goes ahead of them "he walks in front of them"
JHN 10 04 z8dm 0 for they know his voice "because they recognize his voice"
JHN 10 06 x5yl 0 they did not understand Possible meanings: 1) "the disciples did not understand" or 2) "the crowd did not understand."
JHN 10 06 u3nw figs-metaphor 0 this parable This is an illustration from the work of shepherds, using metaphors. The "shepherd" is a metaphor for Jesus. The "sheep" represent those who follow Jesus, and the "strangers" are the Jewish leaders, including the Pharisees, who try to deceive the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 10 07 q4hs 0 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 10 07 nj4k figs-metaphor 0 I am the gate of the sheep Here "gate" is a metaphor that means Jesus provides access into the sheepfold where God's people dwell in his presence. Alternate translation: "I am like the gate that the sheep use to enter into the sheepfold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 10 08 k4z6 figs-explicit 0 Everyone who came before me This refers to other teachers who have taught the people, including the Pharisees and other Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: "All of the teachers who came without my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 10 08 hqq3 figs-metaphor 0 a thief and a robber These words are metaphors. Jesus calls those teachers "a thief and a robber" because their teachings were false, and they were trying to lead God's people while not understanding the truth. As a result, they deceived the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 10 09 yp3g figs-metaphor 0 I am the gate Here "gate" is a metaphor. By referring to himself as "the gate," Jesus is showing that he offers a true way to enter the kingdom of God. Alternate translation: "I myself am like that gate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 10 09 in9p 0 pasture The word "pasture" means a grassy area where sheep eat.
JHN 10 10 h2gf figs-doublenegatives 0 does not come if he would not steal This is a double negative. In some languages it is more natural to use a positive statement. Alternate translation: "comes only to steal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN 10 10 h56c figs-explicit 0 steal and kill and destroy Here the implied metaphor is "sheep," which represents God's people. Alternate translation: "steal and kill and destroy the sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 10 10 j2k6 0 so that they will have life The word "they" refers to the sheep. "Life" refers to eternal life. Alternate translation: "so that they will really live, lacking nothing"
JHN 10 11 xs4m figs-metaphor 0 I am the good shepherd Here "good shepherd" is a metaphor that represents Jesus. Alternate translation: "I am like a good shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 10 11 llr4 figs-euphemism 0 lays down his life To lay down something means to give up control of it. It is a mild way to refer to dying. Alternate translation: "dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JHN 10 12 ym8w figs-metaphor 0 The hired servant The "hired servant" is a metaphor that represents the Jewish leaders and teachers. Alternate translation: "The one who is like a hired servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 10 12 ue4m figs-metaphor 0 abandons the sheep Here the word "sheep" is a metaphor that represents God's people. Like a hired servant who abandons the sheep, Jesus says that the Jewish leaders and teachers do not care for God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 10 13 szr8 figs-metaphor 0 does not care for the sheep Here the word "sheep" is a metaphor that represents God's people. Like a hired servant who abandons the sheep, Jesus says that the Jewish leaders and teachers do not care for God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 10 14 fg93 figs-metaphor 0 I am the good shepherd Here the "good shepherd" is a metaphor for Jesus. Alternate translation: "I am like a good shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 10 15 qr9g guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 The Father knows me, and I know the Father God the Father and God the Son know each other unlike anyone else knows them. "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 10 15 pn9w figs-euphemism 0 I lay down my life for the sheep This is a mild way for Jesus to say that he will die to protect his sheep. Alternate translation: "I die for the sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JHN 10 16 y3g7 figs-metaphor 0 I have other sheep Here "other sheep" is a metaphor for followers of Jesus who are not Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 10 16 w86n figs-metaphor 0 one flock and one shepherd Here "flock" and "shepherd" are metaphors. All of Jesus's followers, Jews and non-Jews, will be like one flock of sheep. He will be like a shepherd who cares for all of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 10 17 i59j 0 This is why the Father loves me: I lay down my life God's eternal plan was for God the Son to give his life to pay for the sins of humanity. Jesus' death on the cross reveals the intense love of the Son for the Father and of the Father for the Son.
JHN 10 17 kpr5 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 10 17 px17 0 loves This kind of love comes from God and is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
JHN 10 17 wc4l figs-euphemism 0 I lay down my life so that I may take it again This is a mild way for Jesus to say he will die and then will become alive again. Alternate translation: "I allow myself to die in order that I may bring myself back to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JHN 10 18 j945 figs-rpronouns 0 I lay it down of myself The reflexive pronoun "myself" is used here to emphasize that Jesus lays down his own life. No one takes it from him. Alternate translation: "I myself lay it down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JHN 10 18 s13n guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 I have received this command from my Father "This is what my Father has commanded me to do." The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 10 20 gm3r figs-rquestion 0 Why do you listen to him? This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize the point that the people should not listen to Jesus. Alternate translation: "Do not listen to him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 10 21 mj2b figs-rquestion 0 Can a demon open the eyes of the blind? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "Certainly a demon cannot cause a blind man to see!" or "Certainly a demon cannot give sight to blind people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 10 22 f9cm writing-background 0 General Information: During the Festival of Dedication, some Jews begin to question Jesus. Verses 22 and 23 give background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 10 22 w25f 0 Festival of the Dedication This is an eight-day, winter holiday Jews use to remember a miracle where God made a small amount of oil remain lit in a lampstand for eight days. They lit the lampstand to dedicate the Jewish temple to God. To dedicate something is to promise to use it for a special purpose.
JHN 10 23 v6wn figs-explicit 0 Jesus was walking in the temple The area where Jesus was walking was actually a courtyard that was outside the temple building. Alternate translation: "Jesus was walking in the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 10 23 cs2b 0 porch This is a structure attached to the entrance of a building; it has a roof and it may or may not have walls.
JHN 10 24 m8ja figs-synecdoche 0 Then the Jews surrounded him Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "Then the Jewish leaders surrounded him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 10 24 nk9t figs-idiom 0 hold us doubting This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "keep us wondering" or "keep us from knowing for sure?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 10 25 e7zh figs-metonymy 0 in the name of my Father Here "name" is a metonym for the power of God. Here "Father" is an important title for God. Jesus performed miracles through his Father's power and authority. Alternate translation: "through my Father's power" or "with my Father's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 10 25 n34x figs-personification 0 these testify concerning me His miracles offer proof about him like a person who testifies would offer proof in a court of law. Alternate translation: "offer proof concerning me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JHN 10 26 als6 figs-metaphor 0 not my sheep The word "sheep" is a metaphor for the followers of Jesus. Alternate translation: "not my followers" or "not my disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 10 27 rdw7 figs-metaphor 0 My sheep hear my voice The word "sheep" is a metaphor for the followers of Jesus. The metaphor of Jesus as the "shepherd" is also implied. Alternate translation: "Just as sheep obey the voice of their true shepherd, my followers heed my voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 10 28 bpx3 figs-metonymy 0 no one will snatch them out of my hand Here the word "hand" is a metonym that represents the protective care of Jesus. Alternate translation: "no one will steal them away from me" or "they will remain secure forever in my care" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 10 29 g82a guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 My Father, who has given them to me The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 10 29 k1ya figs-metonymy 0 the hand of the Father The word "hand" is a metonym that refers to God's possession and protective care. Alternate translation: "No one can steal them from my Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 10 30 rs4j guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 I and the Father are one Jesus, God the Son, and God the Father are one. The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 10 31 fl8i figs-synecdoche 0 Then the Jews took up stones The word "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "Then the Jewish leaders started picking up stones again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 10 32 t5q8 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Jesus answered them, "I have shown you many good works from the Father Jesus performed the miracles by the power of God. The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 10 32 tx8h figs-irony 0 For which of those works are you stoning me? This question uses irony. Jesus knows the Jewish leaders do not want to stone him because he has done good works. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JHN 10 33 bq1l figs-synecdoche 0 The Jews answered him The word "Jews" is a synecdoche that represents the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "The Jewish opponents replied" or "The Jewish leaders answered him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 10 33 h4kp 0 making yourself God "claiming to be God"
JHN 10 34 qi82 figs-rquestion 0 Is it not written ... gods"'? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "You should already know that it is written in your law that I said, 'you are gods.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 10 34 b3gp 0 You are gods Here Jesus quotes a scripture where God calls his followers "gods," perhaps because he has chosen them to represent him on earth.
JHN 10 35 m8ji figs-metaphor 0 the word of God came Jesus speaks of God's message as though it were a person who moved toward those who heard it. Alternate translation: "God spoke his message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 10 35 u9j2 0 the scripture cannot be broken Possible meanings are 1) "no one can change the scripture" or 2) "the scripture will always be true."
JHN 10 36 dvp5 figs-rquestion 0 do you say to him whom the Father set apart and sent into the world, 'You are blaspheming,' because I said, 'I am the Son of God'? Jesus used this question to rebuke his opponents for saying that he was blaspheming when he called himself "the Son of God." Alternate translation: "you should not say to the very one whom the Father set apart to send into the world, 'You are blaspheming,' when I say that I am the Son of God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 10 36 fj9f 0 You are blaspheming "You are insulting God." Jesus' opponents understood that when said that he is the Son of God, he was implying that he is equal with God.
JHN 10 36 rax1 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father ... Son of God These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 10 37 us7v guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 10 37 vk1v 0 believe me Here the word "believe" means to accept or trust what Jesus said is true.
JHN 10 38 k2zf 0 believe in the works Here "believe in" is to acknowledge that the works Jesus does are from the Father.
JHN 10 38 t8uf figs-idiom 0 the Father is in me and that I am in the Father These are idioms that express the close personal relationship between God and Jesus. Alternate translation: "My Father and I are completely joined together as one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 10 39 eqh1 figs-metonymy 0 went away out of their hand The word "hand" is a metonym that represents the custody or possession of the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: "got away from them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 10 40 b41s figs-explicit 0 beyond the Jordan Jesus had been on the west side of the Jordan River. Alternate translation: "to the east side of the Jordan River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 10 40 f5dx figs-explicit 0 he stayed there Jesus remained on the east side of Jordan for a short period of time. Alternate translation: "Jesus stayed there for several days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 10 41 m1pl 0 John indeed did no signs, but all the things that John has said about this man are true "It is true that John did no signs, but he certainly did speak the truth about this man, who does signs."
JHN 10 41 lw9n 0 signs These are miracles that prove that something is true or that give someone credibility.
JHN 10 42 ieh5 0 believed in Here "believed in" means accepted or trusted what Jesus said was true.
JHN 11 intro tks5 0 # John 11 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>##### Passover<br><br>After Jesus made Lazarus become alive again, the Jewish leaders were trying hard to kill him, so he started traveling from place to place in secret. Now the Pharisees knew that he would probably come to Jerusalem for the Passover because God had commanded all Jewish men to celebrate the Passover in Jerusalem, so they planned to catch him and kill him then. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### "One man dies for the people"<br><br>The law of Moses commanded the priests to kill animals so that God would forgive the people's sins. The high priest Caiaphas said, "It is better for you that one man dies for the people than that the whole nation perishes" ([John 10:50](../../jhn/10/50.md)). He said this because he loved his "place" and "nation" ([John 10:48](../../jhn/10/48.md)) more than he loved the God who had made Lazarus become alive again. He wanted Jesus to die so that the Romans would not destroy the temple and Jerusalem, but God wanted Jesus to die so that he could forgive all of his people's sins.<br><br>##### Hypothetical situation<br><br>When Martha said, "If you had been here, my brother would not have died," she was speaking of a situation that could have happened but did not happen. Jesus had not come, and her brother had died.<br>
JHN 11 01 fsf7 writing-participants 0 General Information: These verses introduce the story of Lazarus and give background information about him and his sister Mary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 11 02 c6r9 writing-background 0 It was Mary who anointed the Lord ... her hair As John introduces Mary, the sister of Martha, he also shares information concerning what would later happen in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 11 03 i2ar 0 sent for Jesus "asked Jesus to come"
JHN 11 03 czm1 0 love Here "love" refers to brotherly love, a natural, human love between friends or relatives.
JHN 11 04 nk3g figs-explicit 0 This sickness is not to death Jesus implies that he knows what will happen related to Lazarus and his sickness. Alternate translation: "Death will not be the final result of this sickness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 11 04 k8d3 0 death This refers to physical death.
JHN 11 04 q343 figs-explicit 0 instead it is for the glory of God so that the Son of God may be glorified by it Jesus implies that he knows what the outcome will be. Alternate translation: "but the purpose is that the people might see how great God is because of what his power will allow me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 11 04 ad99 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 11 05 j6r4 writing-background 0 Now Jesus loved Martha and her sister and Lazarus This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 11 08 y4jm figs-rquestion 0 Rabbi, right now the Jews are trying to stone you, and you are going back there again? This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the disciples do not want Jesus to go to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "Teacher, you surely do not want to go back there! The Jews were trying to stone you the last time you were there!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 11 08 p4x9 figs-synecdoche 0 the Jews This is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 11 09 uv34 figs-rquestion 0 Are there not twelve hours of light in a day? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "You know that the day has twelve hours of light!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 11 09 ln4r figs-metaphor 0 If someone walks in the daytime, he will not stumble, because he sees by the light of this world People who walk in the light of the day can see well and do not stumble. "Light" is a metaphor for "truth." Jesus is implying that people who live according to truth will be able to successfully do the things that God wants them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 11 10 vm6h figs-metaphor 0 if he walks at night Here "night" is a metaphor that refers to one's walking without God's light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 11 10 c3im 0 the light is not in him Possible meanings are 1) "he cannot see" or "he does not have God's light."
JHN 11 11 bev5 figs-idiom 0 Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep Here "fallen asleep" is an idiom that means Lazarus has died. If you have a way of saying this in your language, you may use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 11 11 ze1z figs-idiom 0 but I am going so that I may wake him out of sleep The words "wake him out of sleep" form an idiom. Jesus is revealing his plan to bring Lazurus back to life. If you have an idiom for this in your language, you may use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 11 12 e5k2 writing-background 0 General Information: In verse 13 there is a break in the story line as John comments on the disciples' misunderstanding about what Jesus meant when he said Lazarus was asleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 11 12 hn2j 0 if he has fallen asleep The disciples misunderstand Jesus to mean that Lazarus is resting and will recover.
JHN 11 14 azy3 0 Then Jesus said to them plainly "So Jesus told them in words that they could understand"
JHN 11 15 c4wj 0 for your sakes "for your benefit"
JHN 11 15 ar2j 0 that I was not there so that you may believe "that I was not there. Because of this you will learn to trust me more."
JHN 11 16 dzc3 figs-activepassive 0 who was called Didymus You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "whom they called Didymus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 11 16 ymy6 translate-names 0 Didymus This is a male name that means "twin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JHN 11 17 p5ya writing-background 0 General Information: Jesus is now in Bethany. These verses give background information about the setting and about what has happened before Jesus arrived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 11 17 we1k figs-activepassive 0 he found that Lazarus had already been in the tomb for four days You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "he learned that people had put Lazarus in a tomb four days before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 11 18 d35v translate-bdistance 0 fifteen stadia away "about three kilometers away." A "stadium" is 185 meters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
JHN 11 19 m26v figs-explicit 0 about their brother Lazarus was their younger brother. Alternate translation: "about their younger brother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 11 21 ef5h figs-explicit 0 my brother would not have died Lazarus was the younger brother. Alternate translation: "my younger brother would still be alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 11 23 j8p2 figs-explicit 0 Your brother will rise again Lazarus was the younger brother. Alternate translation: "Your younger brother will become alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 11 24 z7el 0 he will rise again "he will become alive again"
JHN 11 25 chs2 0 even if he dies Here "dies" refers to physical death.
JHN 11 25 ef7a 0 will live Here "live" refers to spiritual life.
JHN 11 26 a6gs 0 whoever lives and believes in me will never die "those who live and trust in me will never be separated eternally from God" or "those who live and trust in me will be spiritually alive with God forever"
JHN 11 26 fue3 0 will never die Here "die" refers to spiritual death.
JHN 11 27 mk4e 0 She said to him "Martha said to Jesus"
JHN 11 27 zd3n 0 Yes, Lord, I believe that you are the Christ, the Son of God ... coming into the world Martha believes that Jesus is Lord, the Christ (the Messiah), the Son of God.
JHN 11 27 y83q guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 11 28 yd61 figs-explicit 0 she went away and called her sister Mary Mary is the younger sister of Martha. Alternate translation: "she went away and called her younger sister Mary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 11 28 zs2t 0 Teacher This is a title referring to Jesus.
JHN 11 28 fv8f 0 is calling for you "is asking that you come"
JHN 11 30 k5hy writing-background 0 Now Jesus had not yet come into the village Here John provides a brief break in the story to give background information regarding the location of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 11 32 zmp7 0 fell down at his feet Mary lay down or knelt at the feet of Jesus to show respect.
JHN 11 32 j2wr figs-explicit 0 my brother would not have died Lazarus was Mary's younger brother. See how you translated this in [John 11:21](../11/21.md). Alternate translation: "my younger brother would still be alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 11 33 qef6 figs-doublet 0 he was deeply moved in his spirit and was troubled John combines these phrases that have similar meanings to express the intense emotional distress and possible anger that Jesus experienced. Alternate translation: "he was greatly upset" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JHN 11 34 xl9p figs-euphemism 0 Where have you laid him This is a milder way of asking, "Where have you buried him?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JHN 11 35 bj6b 0 Jesus wept "Jesus began to cry" or "Jesus started crying"
JHN 11 36 b6ee 0 loved This refers to brotherly love or human love for a friend or family member.
JHN 11 37 b3at figs-rquestion 0 Could not this man, who opened the eyes of a blind man, also have made this man not die? This remark appears in the form of a question to express the Jews' surprise that Jesus did not heal Lazarus. Alternate translation: "He could heal a man who was blind, so he should have been able to heal this man so he would not have died!" or "Since he did not keep this man from dying, maybe he did not really heal the man who was born blind, as they say he did!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 11 37 a76u figs-idiom 0 opened the eyes This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "healed the eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 11 38 xu7k writing-background 0 Now it was a cave, and a stone lay against it John pauses the story briefly to describe the tomb where the people had buried Lazarus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 11 39 l2pd figs-explicit 0 Martha, the sister of Lazarus Martha and Mary were older sisters of Lazarus. Alternate translation: "Martha, the older sister of Lazarus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 11 39 lt1d 0 by this time the body will be decaying "by this time there will be a bad smell" or "the body is already stinking"
JHN 11 40 q5mw figs-rquestion 0 Did I not say to you that, if you believed, you would see the glory of God? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to the point that God is about to do something wonderful. Alternate translation: "I told you that if you trusted me, you would see what God can do!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 11 41 lj5j figs-idiom 0 Jesus lifted up his eyes This is an idiom that means to look up. Alternate translation: "Jesus looked up toward heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 11 41 s2dh 0 Father, I thank you that you listened to me Jesus prays directly to the Father so that others around him will hear his prayer. Alternate translation: "Father, I thank you that you have heard me" or "Father, I thank you that you have heard my prayer"
JHN 11 41 j54b guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 11 42 bj2b 0 so that they may believe that you have sent me "I want them to believe that you have sent me"
JHN 11 43 ev4z 0 After he had said this "After Jesus had prayed"
JHN 11 43 cz9f 0 he cried out with a loud voice "he shouted"
JHN 11 44 x4cb figs-activepassive 0 his feet and hands were bound with cloths, and his face was bound about with a cloth A burial custom of this time was to wrap the dead body with long strips of linen cloth. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Someone had wrapped strips of cloth around his hands and feet. They had also tied a cloth around his face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 11 44 d8xf 0 Jesus said to them The word "them" refers to the people who were there and saw the miracle.
JHN 11 45 rlf4 writing-background 0 General Information: These verses tell us what happened after Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 11 47 ib61 0 General Information: Because so many people have told them that Lazarus is alive again, the chief priests and Pharisees gather the Jewish council for a meeting.
JHN 11 47 nhw4 0 Then the chief priests "Then the leaders among the priests"
JHN 11 47 gz8c 0 Then The author uses this word to tell the reader that the events that begin in this verse are a result of the events of [John 11:45-46](./45.md).
JHN 11 47 z5e9 figs-explicit 0 What will we do? It is implied here that the council members are talking about Jesus. Alternate translation: "What are we going to do about Jesus?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 11 48 kq4z figs-explicit 0 all will believe in him The Jewish leaders were afraid that the people would try to make Jesus their king. Alternate translation: "everyone will trust in him and rebel against Rome" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 11 48 hr3p figs-synecdoche 0 the Romans will come This is a synecdoche for the Roman army. Alternate translation: "the Roman army will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 11 48 ah4r 0 take away both our place and our nation "destroy both our temple and our nation"
JHN 11 49 efq8 writing-participants 0 a certain man among them This is a way to introduce a new character to the story. If you have a way to do this in your language, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
JHN 11 49 lj6b figs-hyperbole 0 You know nothing This is an exaggeration that Caiaphas uses to insult his hearers. Alternate translation: "You do not understand what is happening" or "You speak as though you know nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JHN 11 50 zh9n figs-explicit 0 than that the whole nation perishes Caiaphas implies that the Roman army would kill all of the people of the Jewish nation if Jesus is allowed to live and cause a rebellion. The word "nation" here is a synecdoche that represents all of the Jewish people. Alternate translation: "than that the Romans kill all the people of our nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 11 51 qww5 writing-background 0 General Information: In verses 51 and 52 John explains that Caiaphus was prophesying even though he did not realize it at the time. This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 11 51 eh17 figs-synecdoche 0 die for the nation The word "nation" is a synecdoche and refers to the people of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 11 52 d85p figs-ellipsis 0 would be gathered together into one This is an ellipsis. The word "people" is implied by the context. Alternate translation: "would be gathered into one people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JHN 11 52 mle1 0 children of God This refers to people who belong to God through faith in Jesus and are spiritually God's children.
JHN 11 54 gp4h 0 General Information: Jesus leaves Bethany and goes to Ephraim. In verse 55 the story shifts to telling about what many of the Jews are doing now that Passover is near.
JHN 11 54 bnd8 figs-synecdoche 0 walk openly among the Jews Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders and "walk openly" is a metaphor for "live where everyone could see him." Alternate translation: "live where all the Jews could see him" or "walk openly among the Jewish leaders who opposed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 11 54 cg66 0 the country the rural area outside cities where fewer people live
JHN 11 54 h5jk figs-explicit 0 There he stayed with the disciples Jesus and his disciples stayed in Ephraim for a while. Alternate translation: "There he stayed with his disciples for a short period of time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 11 55 qd5y 0 went up to Jerusalem The phrase "went up" is used here because Jerusalem is higher in elevation than the surrounding areas.
JHN 11 56 a5kt figs-events 0 General Information: The content of verse 57 occurs before that of verse 56. If this order might confuse your readers, you can combine these verses and put the text of verse 57 before the text of verse 56. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
JHN 11 56 kc75 0 They were looking for Jesus The word "they" refers to the Jewish people who had traveled to Jerusalem.
JHN 11 56 p2wz figs-rquestion 0 What do you think? That he will not come to the festival? These are rhetorical questions that express a strong element of doubt that Jesus will come to the Passover Festival. The second question is an ellipsis that leaves out the words "do you think." The speakers here were wondering if Jesus would come to the festival since there was the danger of his being arrested. Alternate translation: "Jesus will probably not come to the festival. He might be afraid of getting arrested!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JHN 11 57 glb6 writing-background 0 Now the chief priests This is background information that explains why the Jewish worshipers were wondering if Jesus would come to the festival or not. If your language has a way to mark background information, use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 12 intro qzv4 0 # John 12 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 12:38 and 40, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>Verse 16 is a commentary on these events. It is possible to put this entire verse in parentheses in order to set it apart from the narrative of the story.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Mary anointed Jesus' feet<br><br>The Jews would put oil on a person's head to make that person feel welcome and comfortable. They would also put oil on a person's body after the person had died but before they buried the body. But they would never think to put oil on a person's feet, because they thought that feet were dirty.<br><br>##### The donkey and the colt<br><br>Jesus rode into Jerusalem on an animal. In this way he was like a king who came into a city after he had won an important battle. Also, the kings of Israel in the Old Testament rode on a donkeys. Other kings rode on horses. So Jesus was showing that he was the king of Israel and that he was not like other kings.<br><br>Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about this event. Matthew and Mark wrote that the disciples brought Jesus a donkey. John wrote that Jesus found a donkey. Luke wrote that they brought him a colt. Only Matthew wrote that there were both a donkey had a colt. No one knows for sure whether Jesus rode the donkey or the colt. It is best to translate each of these accounts as it appears in the ULT without trying to make them all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 21:1-7](../../mat/21/01.md) and [Mark 11:1-7](../../mrk/11/01.md) and [Luke 19:29-36](../../luk/19/29.md) and [John 12:14-15](../../jhn/12/14.md))<br><br>##### Glory<br><br>Scripture often speaks of God's glory as a great, brilliant light. When people see this light, they are afraid. In this chapter John says that the glory of Jesus is his resurrection ([John 12:16](../../jhn/12/16.md)).<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### The metaphors of light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. A paradox occurs in 12:25: "He who loves his life will lose it; but he who hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life." But in 12:26 Jesus explains what it means to keep one's life for eternal life. ([John 12:25-26](./25.md)).<br>
JHN 12 01 elj4 0 General Information: Jesus is at dinner in Bethany when Mary anoints his feet with oil.
JHN 12 01 s1v2 writing-newevent 0 Six days before the Passover The author uses these words to mark the beginning of a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JHN 12 01 z1jp figs-idiom 0 had raised from the dead This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "had made alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 12 03 c8kf translate-bweight 0 a litra of perfume You may convert this to a modern measure. A "litra" is about one third of a kilogram. Or you may refer to a container that could hold that amount. Alternate translation: "a third of a kilogram of perfume" or "a bottle of perfume" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
JHN 12 03 ki9d 0 perfume This is a good-smelling liquid made by using the oils of pleasant smelling plants and flowers.
JHN 12 03 b3sa translate-unknown 0 nard This is a perfume made from a pink, bell-shaped flower in the mountains of Nepal, China, and India. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JHN 12 03 pq7c figs-activepassive 0 The house was filled with the fragrance of the perfume This can be translated in an active form. Alternate translation: "The scent of her perfume filled the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 12 04 e1xj 0 the one who would betray him "the one who later enabled Jesus' enemies to seize him"
JHN 12 05 e8d7 figs-rquestion 0 Why was this perfume not sold for three hundred denarii and given to the poor? This is a rhetorical question. You can translate it as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "This perfume could have been sold for three hundred denarii and the money could have been given to the poor!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 12 05 p838 translate-numbers 0 three hundred denarii You can translate this as a numeral. Alternate translation: "300 denarii" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JHN 12 05 dx9e translate-bmoney 0 denarii A denarius was the amount of silver that a common laborer could earn in one day of work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
JHN 12 06 ri5l writing-background 0 Now he said this ... would steal from what was put in it John explains why Judas asked the question about the poor. If your language has a way of indicating background information, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 12 06 sl8u 0 he said this, not because he cared about the poor, but because he was a thief "he said this because he was a thief. He did not care about the poor"
JHN 12 07 dcn3 figs-explicit 0 Allow her to keep what she has for the day of my burial Jesus implies that the woman's actions can be understood as anticipating his death and burial. Alternate translation: "Allow her to show how much she appreciates me! In this way she has prepared my body for burial" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 12 08 r82p figs-explicit 0 You will always have the poor with you Jesus implies that there will always be opportunities to help the poor people. Alternate translation: "There will always be poor people among you, and you can help them whenever you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 12 08 kn28 figs-explicit 0 But you will not always have me In this way, Jesus implies that he will die. Alternate translation: "But I will not always be here with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 12 09 qm36 writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here John tells about a new group of people that has come to Bethany from Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 12 11 kjk7 0 because of him The fact that Lazarus was alive again caused many Jews to believe in Jesus.
JHN 12 11 f6mg figs-explicit 0 believed in Jesus This implies that many of the Jewish people were trusting in Jesus as the Son of God. Alternate translation: "were putting their trust in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 12 12 f1im 0 General Information: Jesus enters Jerusalem and the people honor him as a king.
JHN 12 12 w1c2 writing-newevent 0 On the next day The author uses these words to mark the beginning of a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JHN 12 12 sy8h 0 a great crowd "a great crowd of people"
JHN 12 13 lzn9 0 Hosanna This means "May God save us now!"
JHN 12 13 i5ul 0 Blessed This expresses a desire for God to cause good things to happen to a person.
JHN 12 13 w7ty figs-metonymy 0 comes in the name of the Lord Here the word "name" is a metonym for the person's authority and power. Alternate translation: "comes as the representative of the Lord" or "comes in the power of the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 12 14 dbc5 writing-background 0 Jesus found a young donkey and sat on it Here John gives background information that Jesus secures a donkey. He implies that Jesus will ride the donkey into Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "he found a young donkey and sat on it, riding into the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 12 14 h6xz figs-activepassive 0 as it was written You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "as the prophets wrote in the Scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 12 15 vra1 figs-metonymy 0 daughter of Zion "Daughter of Zion" here is a metonym that refers to the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "you people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 12 16 a74d writing-background 0 General Information: John, the writer, interrupts here to give the reader some background information about what the disciples later understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 12 16 rq52 0 His disciples did not understand these things Here the words "these things" refer to the words that the prophet had written about Jesus.
JHN 12 16 xdm7 figs-activepassive 0 when Jesus was glorified You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "when God glorified Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 12 16 lvz1 0 they had done these things to him The words "these things" refer to what the people did when Jesus rode into Jerusalem on a donkey (praising him and waving the palm branches).
JHN 12 17 i6ag writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main narrative. Here John explains that many of the people came to meet Jesus because they heard others say that he had raised Lazarus from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 12 18 eel6 0 they heard that he had done this sign "they heard others say that he had done this sign"
JHN 12 18 v2nx 0 this sign A "sign" is an event or occurrence that proves something is true. In this case, the "sign" of raising Lazarus proves that Jesus is the Messiah.
JHN 12 19 c43j figs-explicit 0 Look, you can do nothing The Pharisees imply here that it might be impossible to stop Jesus. Alternate translation: "It seems like we can do nothing to stop him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 12 19 i5uq figs-hyperbole 0 see, the world has gone after him The Pharisees use this exaggeration to express their shock that so many people have come out to meet Jesus. Alternate translation: "It looks like everyone is becoming his disciple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JHN 12 19 ev6e figs-metonymy 0 the world Here "the world" is a metonym that represents (in exaggeration) all of the people in the world. You may need to make explicit that the hearers would have understood that the Pharisees were speaking only of the people in Judea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 12 20 k8v2 writing-participants 0 Now certain Greeks The phrase "now certain" marks the introduction of new characters to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
JHN 12 20 i6nd figs-explicit 0 to worship at the festival John implies that these "Greeks" were going to worship God during the Passover. Alternate translation: "to worship God at the Passover festival" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 12 21 lr8c 0 Bethsaida This was a town in the province of Galilee.
JHN 12 22 b9re figs-ellipsis 0 they told Jesus Philip and Andrew tell Jesus about the Greeks' request to see him. You can translate this by adding the implied words. Alternate translation: "they told Jesus what the Greeks had said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JHN 12 23 p96d 0 General Information: Jesus begins to respond to Philip and Andrew.
JHN 12 23 jl9u figs-explicit 0 The hour has come for the Son of Man to be glorified Jesus implies that it is now the right time for God to honor the Son of Man through his upcoming suffering, death and resurrection. Alternate translation: "God will soon honor me when I die and rise again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 12 24 m255 0 Truly, truly, I say to you Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated "Truly, truly" in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 12 24 gq2y figs-metaphor 0 unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies ... it will bear much fruit Here "a grain of wheat" or "seed" is a metaphor for Jesus' death, burial and resurrection. Just as a seed is planted and grows again into a plant that will bear much fruit, so will many people trust in Jesus after he is killed, buried, and raised back to life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 12 25 sk6e figs-explicit 0 He who loves his life will lose it Here "loves his life" means to consider one's own physical life to be more valuable than the lives of others. Alternate translation: "whoever values his own life more than others will not receive eternal life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 12 25 mp7b figs-explicit 0 he who hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life Here the one who "hates his life" refers to one who loves his own life less than he loves the lives of others. Alternate translation: "whoever considers the lives of others as more important than his own life will live with God forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 12 26 i8ky figs-explicit 0 where I am, there will my servant also be Jesus implies that those who serve him will be with him in heaven. Alternate translation: "when I am in heaven, my servant will also be there with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 12 26 wx3m guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 the Father will honor him Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 12 27 ytv9 figs-rquestion 0 what should I say? 'Father, save me from this hour'? This remark appears in the form of a rhetorical question. Although Jesus desires to avoid crucifixion, he chooses to be obedient to God and to be killed. Alternate translation: "I will not pray, 'Father, save me from this hour!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 12 27 bx1j guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 12 27 hmv9 figs-metonymy 0 this hour Here "this hour" is a metonym that represents when Jesus would suffer and die on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 12 28 v2fk figs-metonymy 0 glorify your name Here the word "name" is a metonym that refers to God. Alternate translation: "make your glory known" or "reveal your glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 12 28 r6qk figs-metonymy 0 a voice came from heaven This represents God speaking. Sometimes people avoid referring directly to God because they respect him. Alternate translation: "God spoke from the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JHN 12 30 kd86 0 General Information: Jesus explains why the voice spoke from heaven.
JHN 12 31 fc6r figs-metonymy 0 Now is the judgment of this world Here "this world" is a metonym that refers to all the people in the world. Alternate translation: "Now is the time for God to judge all of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 12 31 pv51 figs-activepassive 0 Now will the ruler of this world be thrown out Here "ruler" refers to Satan. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Now is the time when I will destroy the power of Satan who rules this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 12 32 b1zu writing-background 0 General Information: In verse 33 John tells us background information about what Jesus said about being "lifted up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 12 32 a7tc figs-activepassive 0 When I am lifted up from the earth Here Jesus refers to his crucifixion. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "When people raise me high on a cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 12 32 n7i6 0 will draw everyone to myself Through his crucifixion, Jesus will provide a way for everyone to trust in him.
JHN 12 33 v7f3 writing-background 0 He said this to indicate what kind of death he would die John interprets Jesus' words to mean that people will crucify him. Alternate translation: "He said this to let the people know how he would die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 12 34 mx1k figs-ellipsis 0 The Son of Man must be lifted up The phrase "lifted up" means crucified. You may translate this in a way that includes the implied words "on a cross." Alternate translation: "The Son of Man must be lifted up on a cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JHN 12 34 t386 0 Who is this Son of Man? Possible meanings are 1) "What is the identity of this Son of Man? or 2) "What kind of Son of Man are you talking about?"
JHN 12 35 l2w4 figs-metaphor 0 The light will still be with you for a short amount of time. Walk while you have the light, so that darkness does not overtake you. He who walks in the darkness does not know where he is going Here "light" is a metaphor for Jesus' teachings which reveal the truth of God. To "walk in darkness" is a metaphor that means to live without God's truth. Alternate translation: "My words are like a light to you, to help you understand how to live as God wants you to. I will not be with you much longer. You need to follow my instructions while I am still with you. If you reject my words, it will be like walking in darkness and you cannot see where you are going" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 12 36 j1rs figs-metaphor 0 While you have the light, believe in the light so that you may be sons of light The "light" is a metaphor for the teachings of Jesus which reveal the truth of God. "sons of light" is a metaphor for those who accept the message of Jesus and live according to God's truth. Alternate translation: "While I am with you, believe what I teach so that God's truth will be in you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 12 37 s1wh 0 General Information: This is a break in the main story line as the John begins to explain about the fulfillment of prophesies that had been spoken by the prophet Isaiah.
JHN 12 38 k15e figs-activepassive 0 so that the word of Isaiah the prophet would be fulfilled You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "in order to fulfill the message of Isaiah the prophet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 12 38 gx5x figs-rquestion 0 Lord, who has believed our report, and to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed? This appears in the form of two rhetorical questions to express the prophet's dismay that the people do not believe his message.They may be stated as a single rhetorical question, Alternate translation: "Lord, hardly anyone has believed our message, even though they have seen that you are powerfully able to save them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 12 38 dh6s figs-metonymy 0 the arm of the Lord This is a metonym that refers to the Lord's ability to rescue with power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 12 40 z323 figs-metonymy 0 he has hardened their hearts ... understand with their hearts Here "hearts" is a metonym for a person's mind. The phrase "hardened their hearts" is a metaphor for making someone become stubborn. Also, to "understand with their hearts" means to "truly understand." Alternate translation: "he has made them stubborn ... truly understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 12 40 h99a figs-metaphor 0 and turn Here "turn" is a metaphor for "repent." Alternate translation: "and they would repent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 12 42 hdh1 figs-activepassive 0 so that they would not be banned from the synagogue You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "so people would not stop them from going to the synagogue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 12 43 fx72 0 They loved the praise that comes from people more than the praise that comes from God "They wanted people to praise them more than they wanted God to praise them"
JHN 12 44 t7cq 0 General Information: Now John returns to the main story line. This is another time when Jesus begins to speak to the crowd.
JHN 12 44 d27w figs-explicit 0 Jesus cried out and said Here John implies that a crowd of people had gathered to hear Jesus speak. Alternate translation: "Jesus shouted out to the crowd that had gathered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 12 45 s6xx 0 the one who sees me sees him who sent me Here the word "him" refers to God. Alternate translation: "the one who sees me sees God, who sent me"
JHN 12 46 wib3 figs-metaphor 0 I have come as a light Here the "light" is a metaphor for Jesus' example. Alternate translation: "I have come to show the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 12 46 i31g figs-metaphor 0 may not remain in the darkness Here "darkness" is a metaphor for living in ignorance of God's truth. Alternate translation: "may not continue to be spiritually blind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 12 46 uxb8 figs-metonymy 0 the world Here "the world" is a metonym that represents all of the people in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 12 47 xvq6 figs-explicit 0 If anyone hears my words but does not keep them, I do not judge him; for I have not come to judge the world, but to save the world Here "to judge the world" implies condemnation. Jesus did not come to condemn people. Alternate translation: "If anyone hears my teaching and rejects it, I do not condemn him. I have not come to condemn people. Instead, I have come to save those who trust in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 12 48 b1ds 0 on the last day "at the time when God judges people's sins"
JHN 12 49 ybm5 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 12 50 tar2 0 I know that his command is eternal life "I know that the words that he commanded me to speak are the words that give life forever"
JHN 13 intro zk68 0 # John 13 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>The events of this chapter are commonly referred to as the last supper or the Lord's supper. This Passover feast in many ways parallels Jesus' sacrifice as the lamb of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### The washing of feet<br><br>People in the ancient Near East thought that feet were very dirty. Only servants would wash people's feet. The disciples did not want Jesus to wash their feet because they considered him their master and themselves his servants, but he wanted to show them that they needed to serve each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])<br><br>##### I AM<br><br>John records Jesus as saying these words four times in this book, once in this chapter. They stand alone as a complete sentence, and they literally translate the Hebrew word for "I AM," by which Yahweh identified himself to Moses. For these reasons, many people believe that when Jesus said these words he was claiming to be Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]]).<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "Son of Man"<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([John 13:31](../../jhn/13/31.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br>
JHN 13 01 wk2k writing-background 0 General Information: It is not yet Passover and Jesus is together with his disciples for supper. These verses explain the setting of the story and give background information about Jesus and Judas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 13 01 w7w3 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 13 01 a1w4 0 loved This is the kind of love that comes from God, which is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
JHN 13 02 xn6r figs-idiom 0 the devil had already put it into the heart of Judas Iscariot son of Simon, to betray Jesus The phrase "put it into the heart" is an idiom that means to cause someone to think about something. Alternate translation: "the devil had already caused Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon, to think about betraying Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 13 03 u3vn writing-background 0 Verse 3 continues to tell us background information about what Jesus knew. The action in the story begins in verse 4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 13 03 fd2t guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 13 03 x8hc figs-metonymy 0 had given everything over into his hands Here "his hands" is a metonym for power and authority. Alternate translation: "had given him complete power and authority over everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 13 03 a6qj 0 he had come from God and was going back to God Jesus had always been with the Father, and would return there after his work on earth was finished.
JHN 13 04 t7cu 0 He got up from dinner and took off his outer clothing Because the region was very dusty, it was customary for the host of a dinner to provide a servant to wash the feet of the guests. Jesus took off his outer clothing so he would look like a servant.
JHN 13 05 s1pc 0 began to wash the feet of the disciples Because the region was very dusty, it was customary for the host of a dinner to provide a servant to wash the feet of the guests. Jesus did the work of the servant by washing the disciples' feet.
JHN 13 06 bz27 figs-rquestion 0 Lord, are you going to wash my feet? Peter's question shows that he is not willing for Jesus to wash his feet. Alternate translation: "Lord, it is not right for you to wash the feet of me, a sinner!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 13 08 f6dg figs-doublenegatives 0 If I do not wash you, you have no share with me Here Jesus states two negatives to convince Peter to allow him to wash his feet. Jesus implies that Peter must let him wash his feet if he wants to continue being a disciple. Alternate translation: "If I wash you, you will always belong with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 13 10 tv57 0 General Information: Jesus uses the word "you" to refer to all of his disciples.
JHN 13 10 is57 figs-metaphor 0 He who is bathed has no need, except to wash his feet Here "bathed" is a metaphor that means that God has cleansed a person spiritually. Alternate translation: "If anyone has already received God's forgiveness, he now only needs to receive cleansing from his daily sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 13 11 ccz4 figs-explicit 0 Not all of you are clean Jesus implies that the one who will betray him, Judas, has not trusted in him. Therefore God has not forgiven him of his sins. Alternate translation: "Not all of you have received God's forgiveness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 13 12 p45l figs-rquestion 0 Do you know what I have done for you? This remark appears in the form of a question so Jesus can emphasize the importance of what he is teaching his disciples. Alternate translation: "You need to understand what I have done for you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 13 13 m9z8 figs-explicit 0 You call me 'teacher' and 'Lord,' Here Jesus implies that his disciples have great respect for him. Alternate translation: "You show me great respect when you call me 'teacher' and 'Lord.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 13 15 pk3l figs-explicit 0 you should also do just as I did for you Jesus implies that his disciples should be willing to follow his example and serve one another. Alternate translation: "you should also humbly serve each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 13 16 h6gt 0 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 13 16 tpl8 0 greater one who is more important or more powerful, or one who should have an easier life or a more pleasant life
JHN 13 17 an8u figs-activepassive 0 you are blessed Here "bless" means to cause good, beneficial things to happen to a person. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 13 18 u5fl figs-activepassive 0 this so that the scripture will be fulfilled You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "this is in order to fulfill the scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 13 18 v5pv figs-idiom 0 He who eats my bread lifted up his heel against me Here the phrase "eats my bread" is an idiom for someone who pretends to be a friend. The phrase "lifted up his heel" is also an idiom, which means someone who has become an enemy. If you have idioms in your language that carry these meanings, you can use them here. Alternate translation: "the one who has pretended to be my friend has turned out to be an enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 13 19 qd39 0 I tell you this now before it happens "I am telling you now what is going to happen before it happens"
JHN 13 19 gg19 0 I AM Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as "I AM," or 2) Jesus is saying, "I am the one I claim to be."
JHN 13 20 di3t 0 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 13 21 bq84 0 troubled concerned, upset
JHN 13 21 j7x1 0 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 13 22 dhs3 0 The disciples looked at each other, wondering of whom he was speaking "The disciples looked at each other and wondered: "Who will betray Jesus?"
JHN 13 23 xvi8 0 One of his disciples, whom Jesus loved This refers to John.
JHN 13 23 z8ze figs-explicit 0 lying down at the table During the time of Christ, Jews would often dine together in the Greek style, in which they lay on their sides on low couches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 13 23 p2ee 0 Jesus' side Lying with one's head against the side of another diner in the Greek style was considered to be the place of greatest friendship with him.
JHN 13 23 a58j 0 loved This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
JHN 13 26 qpj8 writing-background 0 Iscariot This indicates that Judas was from the village of Kerioth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 13 27 r8lk figs-ellipsis 0 Then after the bread The words "Judas took" are understood from the context. Alternate translation: "Then after Judas took the bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JHN 13 27 xk39 figs-idiom 0 Satan entered into him This is an idiom that means Satan took complete control of Judas. Alternate translation: "Satan took control of him" or "Satan started to command him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 13 27 rz21 0 so Jesus said to him Here Jesus is speaking to Judas.
JHN 13 27 agd7 0 What you are doing, do it quickly "Do quickly what you are planning to do!"
JHN 13 29 rv4z 0 that he should give something to the poor You can translate this as a direct quote: "Go and give some money to the poor."
JHN 13 30 dw7m writing-background 0 he went out immediately. It was night John seems to draw attention here to the fact that Judas will do his evil or "dark" deed in the darkness of the night. Alternate translation: "he went out immediately into the dark night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 13 31 d6l8 figs-activepassive 0 Now the Son of Man is glorified, and God is glorified in him You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Now people are about to see how the Son of Man will receive honor and how God will receive honor through what the Son of Man is doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 13 32 uaj7 figs-rpronouns 0 God will glorify him in himself, and he will glorify him immediately The word "him" refers to the Son of Man. The word "himself" is a reflexive pronoun that refers to God. Alternate translation: "God himself will immediately give honor to the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JHN 13 33 zki6 0 Little children Jesus uses the term "Little children" to communicate that he loves the disciples as though they were his children.
JHN 13 33 lp65 figs-synecdoche 0 as I said to the Jews Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "as I said to the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 13 34 nmf5 0 love This is the kind of love that comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
JHN 13 35 kyd9 figs-hyperbole 0 everyone You may need to make explicit that this exaggeration refers only to those people who see how the disciples love each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JHN 13 37 ye6m 0 lay down my life "give up my life" or "die"
JHN 13 38 qp88 figs-rquestion 0 Will you lay down your life for me? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to Jesus' statement. Alternate translation: "You say that you will die for me, but the truth is that you will not!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 13 38 sp7p 0 the rooster will not crow before you have denied me three times "you will say that you do not know me three times before the rooster crows"
JHN 14 intro kv6m 0 # John 14 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### "My Father's house"<br><br>Jesus used these words to speak of heaven, where God lives, not of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])<br><br>##### The Holy Spirit<br><br>Jesus told his disciples that he would send the Holy Spirit to them. The Holy Spirit is the Comforter ([John 14:16](../../jhn/14/16.md)) who is always with God's people to help them and to speak to God for them, He is also the Spirit of truth ([John 14:17](../../jhn/14/17.md)) who tells God's people what is true about God so they know him better and serve him well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]])<br>
JHN 14 01 a2xv 0 Connecting Statement: The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus reclines at the table with his disciples and continues to speak to them.
JHN 14 01 w3dn figs-metonymy 0 Do not let your heart be troubled Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being. Alternate translation: "Stop being so anxious and worried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 14 02 cp9z 0 In my Father's house are many rooms "There are many places to live in my Father's house"
JHN 14 02 eca3 0 In my Father's house This refers to heaven, where God lives.
JHN 14 02 v9px guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 14 02 fp9r 0 many rooms The word "room" can refer to a single room, or to a larger dwelling.
JHN 14 02 xb2y figs-you 0 I am going to prepare a place for you Jesus will prepare a place in heaven for every person who trusts in him. The "you" is plural and refers to all his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JHN 14 04 ir1d figs-metaphor 0 the way This is a metaphor that has these possible meanings 1) "the way to God" or 2) "the one who takes people to God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 14 05 e1dl 0 how can we know the way? "how can we know how to get there?"
JHN 14 06 i8le figs-metaphor 0 the truth This is a metaphor that has these possible meanings 1) "the true person" or 2) "the one who speaks true words about God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 14 06 z9tr figs-metaphor 0 the life This is a metaphor that means Jesus can give life to people. Alternate translation: "the one who can make people alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 14 06 g5hn figs-explicit 0 no one comes to the Father except through me People can come to God and live with him only by trusting Jesus. Alternate translation: "No one can come to the Father and live with him unless he comes through me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 14 06 f95q guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 14 08 kum1 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Lord, show us the Father The "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 14 09 mr1a figs-rquestion 0 I have been with you for so long and you still do not know me, Philip? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to Jesus' words. Alternate translation: "Philip, I have been with you disciples already for a very long time. You should know me by now!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 14 09 l3s8 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Whoever has seen me has seen the Father To see Jesus, who is God the Son, is to see God the Father. The "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 14 09 x1uh figs-rquestion 0 How can you say, 'Show us the Father'? This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize Jesus' words to Philip. Alternate translation: "So you really should not be saying, 'Show us the Father!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 14 10 hc1z figs-rquestion 0 Do you not believe ... in me? This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize Jesus' words to Philip. Alternate translation: "You really should believe ... in me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 14 10 e4se guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 14 10 pgk6 0 The words that I say to you I do not speak from my own authority "What I am telling you is not from me" or "The words I tell you are not from me"
JHN 14 10 wh9w 0 The words that I say to you Here "you" is plural. Jesus is now speaking to all of his disciples.
JHN 14 11 ew6g figs-idiom 0 I am in the Father, and the Father is in me This is an idiom that means God the Father and Jesus have a unique relationship. Alternate translation: "I am one with the Father, and the Father is one with me" or "my Father and I are just as though we were one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 14 12 gh64 0 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 14 12 h2rh 0 believes in me This means to believe that Jesus is the Son of God.
JHN 14 12 cn14 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 14 13 n2id figs-metonymy 0 Whatever you ask in my name Here "name" is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. Alternate translation: "Whatever you ask, using my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 14 13 i138 figs-activepassive 0 so that the Father will be glorified in the Son You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "so I can show everyone how great my Father is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 14 13 j6nh guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father ... Son These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 14 14 sgk6 figs-metonymy 0 If you ask me anything in my name, I will do it Here "name" is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. Alternate translation: "If you ask me anything as one of my followers, I will do it" or "Whatever you ask of me, I will do it because you belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 14 16 tu1e 0 Comforter This refers to the Holy Spirit.
JHN 14 17 sc6r 0 Spirit of truth This refers to the Holy Spirit who teaches people what is true about God.
JHN 14 17 i2v7 figs-metonymy 0 The world cannot receive him Here the "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. Alternate translation: "The unbelieving people in this world will never welcome him" or "Those who oppose God will not accept him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 14 18 hy8v figs-explicit 0 leave you alone Here Jesus implies that he will not leave his disciples with no one to care for them. Alternate translation: "leave you with no one to care for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 14 19 r5q8 figs-metonymy 0 the world Here the "world" is a metonym that represents the people who do not belong to God. Alternate translation: "the unbelievers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 14 20 b87j 0 you will know that I am in my Father God the Father and Jesus live as one person. Alternate translation: "you will know that my Father and I are just like one person"
JHN 14 20 he2a guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 my Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 14 20 ht8z 0 you are in me, and that I am in you "you and I are just like one person"
JHN 14 21 rw8n 0 loves This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
JHN 14 21 gjl8 figs-activepassive 0 he who loves me will be loved by my Father You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "my Father will love anyone who loves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 14 21 qsu7 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 my Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 14 22 r22b translate-names 0 Judas (not Iscariot) This refers to another disciple whose name was Judas, not to the disciple who was from the village of Kerioth who betrayed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JHN 14 22 a7aa 0 why is it that you will show yourself to us Here the word "show" refers to revealing how wonderful Jesus is. Alternate translation: "Why will you reveal yourself only to us" or "Why will you only let us see how wonderful you are?"
JHN 14 22 gv3a figs-metonymy 0 not to the world Here "world" is a metonym that represents the people who oppose God. Alternate translation: "not to those who do not belong to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 14 23 xez7 0 If anyone loves me, he will keep my word "The one who loves me will do what I have told him to do"
JHN 14 23 ai8y 0 loves This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
JHN 14 23 xk31 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 My Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 14 23 h9tl figs-explicit 0 we will come to him and we will make our home with him The Father and the Son will share life with those who obey what Jesus commands. Alternate translation: "we will come to live with him, and will have a personal relationship with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 14 24 b7di 0 The word that you hear is not from me but from the Father who sent me "The things I have told you are not things that I have decided to say on my own"
JHN 14 24 c3ju 0 The word "The message"
JHN 14 24 d7ay 0 that you hear Here when Jesus says "you" he is speaking to all of his disciples.
JHN 14 26 hk8n guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 14 27 nx8a figs-metonymy 0 world The "world" is a metonym that represents those people who do not love God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 14 27 m6qq figs-metonymy 0 Do not let your heart be troubled, and do not be afraid Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being. Alternate translation: "So stop being anxious, and do not be afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 14 28 s8bx 0 loved This kind of love comes from God and desires the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
JHN 14 28 s3t3 figs-explicit 0 I am going to the Father Here Jesus implies that he will return to his Father. Alternate translation: "I am going back to the Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 14 28 gtk5 figs-explicit 0 the Father is greater than I Here Jesus implies that the Father has greater authority than the Son while the Son is on the earth. Alternate translation: "the Father has greater authority than I have here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 14 28 ymq4 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 14 30 ah3s 0 ruler of this world Here "ruler" refers to Satan. See how you translated this in [John 12:31](../12/31.md). Alternate translation: "Satan who rules this world"
JHN 14 30 ea6m figs-explicit 0 ruler ... is coming Here Jesus implies that Satan is coming to attack him. Alternate translation: "Satan is coming to attack me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 14 31 jhq1 figs-metonymy 0 in order that the world will know Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who do not belong to God. Alternate translation: "in order that the ones who do not belong to God may know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 14 31 r9ub guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 the Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 15 intro k9jd 0 # John 15 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Vine<br><br>Jesus used the vine as a metaphor for himself. This is because the vine of the grape plant is what takes water and minerals from the ground to the leaves and grapes. Without the vine, the grapes and leaves die. He wanted his followers to know that unless they loved and obeyed him, they would be unable to do anything that pleased God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
JHN 15 01 aws2 0 Connecting Statement: The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus reclines at the table with his disciples and continues to speak to them.
JHN 15 01 fen5 figs-metaphor 0 I am the true vine Here the "true vine" is a metaphor. Jesus compares himself to a vine or a vine stem. He is the source of life that causes people to live in a way that pleases God. Alternate translation: "I am like a vine that produces good fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 15 01 w2d4 figs-metaphor 0 my Father is the gardener The "gardener" is a metaphor. A "gardener" is a person who takes care of the vine to ensure it is as fruitful as possible. Alternate translation: "my Father is like a gardener" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 15 01 hqj7 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 my Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 15 02 p311 figs-metaphor 0 He takes away every branch in me that does not bear fruit Here "every branch" represents people, and "bear fruit" represents living in a way that pleases God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 15 02 wt8w 0 takes away "cuts off and takes away"
JHN 15 02 xej7 0 prunes every branch "trims every branch"
JHN 15 03 xn3j figs-metaphor 0 You are already clean because of the message that I have spoken to you The implied metaphor here is the "clean branches" that have already been "pruned." Alternate translation: "It is as if you have already been pruned and are clean branches because you have obeyed what I have taught you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 15 03 l5zz figs-you 0 you The word "you" throughout this passage is plural and refers to the disciples of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JHN 15 04 qvv9 0 Remain in me, and I in you "If you remain joined to me, I will remain joined to you" or "Remain joined to me, and I will remain joined to you"
JHN 15 04 hn7q 0 unless you remain in me By remaining in Christ, those who belong to him depend on him for everything. Alternate translation: "unless you stay joined to me and depend upon me for everything"
JHN 15 05 mw4t figs-metaphor 0 I am the vine, you are the branches The "vine" is a metaphor that represents Jesus. The "branches" is a metaphor that represent those who trust in Jesus and belong to him. Alternate translation: "I am like a vine, and you are like branches that are attached to the vine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 15 05 r4di figs-explicit 0 He who remains in me and I in him Here Jesus implies that his followers are joined to him as he is joined to God. Alternate translation: "He who stays joined to me, as I stay joined to my Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 15 05 hzh4 figs-metaphor 0 he bears much fruit The implied metaphor here is the fruitful branch that represents the believer who pleases God. Just as a branch that is attached to the vine will bear much fruit, those who stay joined to Jesus will do many things that please God. Alternate translation: "you will bear much fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 15 06 k1tm figs-metaphor 0 he is thrown away like a branch and dries up Here the implied metaphor is the unfruitful branch that represents those who do not stay joined to Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "the vinedresser throws him away like a branch and it dries up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 15 06 e789 figs-activepassive 0 they are burned up You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "the fire burns them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 15 07 m38f figs-explicit 0 ask whatever you wish Jesus implies that believers must ask God to answer their prayers. Alternate translation: "ask God whatever you wish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 15 07 mcz5 figs-activepassive 0 it will be done for you You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "he will do it for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 15 08 yq67 figs-activepassive 0 My Father is glorified in this You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "It causes people to honor my Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 15 08 z1ww guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 My Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 15 08 wpa6 figs-metaphor 0 that you bear much fruit Here "fruit" is a metaphor for living to please God. Alternate translation: "when you live in a way that pleases him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 15 08 vtg5 0 are my disciples "show you are my disciples" or "demonstrate you are my disciples"
JHN 15 09 nf5v guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 As the Father has loved me, I have also loved you Jesus shares the love that God the Father has for him with those who trust in him. Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 15 09 d32z 0 Remain in my love "Continue to accept my love"
JHN 15 10 cu4e figs-explicit 0 If you keep my commandments, you will remain in my love, as I have kept the commandments of my Father and remain in his love When Jesus' followers obey him, they show their love for him. Alternate translation: "When you do the things I have told you to do, you are living in my love, just as I obey my Father and live in his love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 15 10 k1nm guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 my Father Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 15 11 rcv8 0 I have spoken these things to you so that my joy will be in you "I have told you these things so that you will have the same kind of joy that I have"
JHN 15 11 r1p1 figs-activepassive 0 so that your joy will be complete You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "so that you will be completely joyful" or "so that your joy may have nothing missing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 15 13 bu8j 0 life This refers to physical life.
JHN 15 15 h2wv 0 everything that I heard from my Father, I have made known to you "I have told you everything my Father told me"
JHN 15 15 b56f guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 my Father Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 15 16 yu3e figs-explicit 0 You did not choose me Jesus implies that his followers did not decide on their own to become his disciples. Alternate translation: "You did not decide to become my disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 15 16 qj98 figs-metaphor 0 go and bear fruit Here "fruit" is a metaphor that represents a life that is pleasing to God. Alternate translation: "live lives that please God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 15 16 v3je 0 that your fruit should remain "that the results of what you do should last forever"
JHN 15 16 z431 figs-metonymy 0 whatever you ask of the Father in my name, he will give it to you Here "name" is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. Alternate translation: "Because you belong to me, whatever you ask of the Father, he will give it to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 15 16 bcy1 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 the Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 15 18 d5ff figs-metonymy 0 the world the people who do not belong to God and are opposed to him (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 15 19 x6q8 figs-metonymy 0 the world the people who do not belong to God and are opposed to him (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 15 19 xas7 0 love This refers to human, brotherly love or love for a friend or family member.
JHN 15 20 v53s figs-metonymy 0 Remember the word that I said to you Here "word" is a metonym for the message of Jesus. Alternate translation: "Remember the message that I spoke to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 15 21 z35m figs-metonymy 0 because of my name Here "because of my name" is a metonym that represents Jesus. People will make his followers suffer because they belong to him. Alternate translation: "because you belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 15 22 m75h figs-explicit 0 If I had not come and spoken to them, they would not have sin, but now they have no excuse for their sin Jesus implies here that he has shared God's message with those who do not trust him. Alternate translation: "Because I have come and told them God's message, they have no excuse when God judges them for their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 15 23 sw4l 0 He who hates me also hates my Father To hate God the Son is to hate God the Father.
JHN 15 23 u9u7 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 15 24 bd47 figs-doublenegatives 0 If I had not done the works that no one else did among them, they would have no sin, but You can translate this double negative in a positive form. Alternate translation: "Because I have done among them the works that no one else did, they have had sin, and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN 15 24 v23s 0 they would have no sin "they would not have any sin." See how you translated this in [John 15:22](../15/22.md).
JHN 15 24 v6pt 0 they have seen and hated both me and my Father To hate God the Son is to hate God the Father.
JHN 15 25 x7g9 figs-activepassive 0 to fulfill the word that is written in their law You can translate this in an active form. "Word" here is a metonym for the entire message of God. Alternate translation: "to fulfill the prophecy in their law" and "to fulfill the prophecy in their law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 15 25 j2m2 0 law This refers generally to the entire Old Testament, which contained all of God's instructions for his people.
JHN 15 26 mwq6 0 will send ... from the Father ... the Spirit of truth ... he will testify about me God the Father sent God the Spirit to show the world that Jesus is God the Son.
JHN 15 26 tpw6 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 15 26 tzi9 figs-explicit 0 the Spirit of truth This is a title for the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: "the Spirit who tells the truth about God and me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 15 27 r47f figs-explicit 0 You are also testifying Here "testifying" means to tell others about Jesus. Alternate translation: "You also must tell everyone what you know about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 15 27 ew2v figs-metonymy 0 the beginning Here the "beginning" is a metonym that means the first days of Jesus' ministry. Alternate translation: "from the very first days when I began teaching the people and doing miracles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 16 intro wb8v 0 # John 16 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### The Holy Spirit<br><br>Jesus told his disciples that he would send the Holy Spirit to them. The Holy Spirit is the Comforter ([John 14:16](../../jhn/14/16.md)) who is always with God's people to help them and to speak to God for them, He is also the Spirit of truth ([John 14:17](../../jhn/14/17.md)) who tells God's people what is true about God so they know him better and serve him well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]])<br><br>##### "The hour is coming"<br><br>Jesus used these words to begin prophecies about times that could be shorter or longer than sixty minutes. "The hour" in which people would persecute his followers ([John 16:2](../../jhn/16/02.md)) was days, weeks, and years long, but "the hour" in which his disciples would scatter and leave him alone ([John 16:32](../../jhn/16/32.md)) was less than sixty minutes long. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Simile<br><br>Jesus said that just as a woman is in pain as she gives birth to a baby and his followers would be sad when he died. But the woman is glad after the baby is born, and his followers would be happy when he became alive again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br>
JHN 16 01 pbc8 0 Connecting Statement: The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus reclines at the table with his disciples and continues to speak to them.
JHN 16 01 vui6 figs-explicit 0 you will not fall away Here the phrase "fall away" implies to stop putting one's trust in Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "you will not stop trusting in me because of the difficulties you must face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 16 02 i79b 0 the hour is coming when everyone who kills you will think that he is offering a service to God "it will someday happen that a person will kill you and think he is doing something good for God."
JHN 16 03 cqw1 0 They will do these things because they have not known the Father nor me They will kill some believers because they do not know God the Father or Jesus.
JHN 16 03 k4r6 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 16 04 blb2 figs-metonymy 0 when their hour comes Here "hour" is a metonym that refers to the time when people will persecute Jesus' followers. Alternate translation: "when they cause you to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 16 04 dh5i figs-metonymy 0 in the beginning This is a metonym that refers to the first days of Jesus' ministry. Alternate translation: "when you first started following me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 16 06 kr4d figs-metonymy 0 sadness has filled your heart Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being. Alternate translation: "you are now very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 16 07 g3ze figs-doublenegatives 0 if I do not go away, the Comforter will not come to you You can translate this in a positive form. Alternate translation: "the Comforter will come to you only if I go away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN 16 07 d1zd 0 Comforter This is a title for the Holy Spirit who will be with the disciples after Jesus goes away. See how you translated this in [John 14:26](../14/26.md).
JHN 16 08 e7di 0 the Comforter will prove the world to be wrong about sin When the Holy Spirit came, he began to show people that they are sinners.
JHN 16 08 bpu5 0 Comforter This refers to the Holy Spirit. See how you translated this in [John 14:16](../14/16.md).
JHN 16 08 i78r figs-metonymy 0 world This is a metonym that refers to the people in the world.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 16 09 v4hk 0 about sin, because they do not believe in me "they are guilty of sin because they do not trust in me"
JHN 16 10 t4qe 0 about righteousness, because I am going to the Father, and you will no longer see me "when I return to God, and they see me no more, they will know that I did the right things"
JHN 16 10 r121 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 16 11 l71y 0 about judgment, because the ruler of this world has been judged "God will hold them accountable and will punish them for their sins, just as he will punish Satan, the one who rules this world"
JHN 16 11 x2z1 0 the ruler of this world Here "ruler" refers to Satan. See how you translated this in [John 12:31](../12/31.md). Alternate translation: "Satan who rules this world"
JHN 16 12 g29n 0 things to say to you "messages for you" or "words for you"
JHN 16 13 j7gr 0 the Spirit of Truth This is a name for the Holy Spirit who will tell the people the truth about God.
JHN 16 13 pau7 figs-explicit 0 he will guide you into all the truth The "truth" refers to spiritual truth. Alternate translation: "he will teach you all the spiritual truth you need to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 16 13 v738 figs-explicit 0 he will say whatever he hears Jesus implies that God the Father will speak to the Spirit. Alternate translation: "he will say whatever God tells him to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 16 14 m9pb figs-explicit 0 he will take from what is mine and he will tell it to you Here "things of mine" refers to Jesus' teaching and mighty works. Alternate translation: "he will reveal to you that what I have said and done are indeed true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 16 15 s73e guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 16 15 rmq9 figs-explicit 0 the Spirit will take from what is mine and he will tell it to you The Holy Spirit will tell people that the words and works of Jesus are true. Alternate translation: "The Holy Spirit will tell everyone that my words and works are true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 16 16 nq4g 0 In a short amount of time "Soon" or "Before much time passes"
JHN 16 16 en9b 0 after another short amount of time "again, before much time passes"
JHN 16 17 f2sj 0 General Information: There is a break in Jesus' speaking as his disciples ask each other about what Jesus meant.
JHN 16 17 s9x3 0 A short amount of time you will no longer see me The disciples did not understand that this refers to Jesus' death on the cross.
JHN 16 17 zd1n 0 after another short amount of time you will see me Possible meanings are 1) This could refer to Jesus' resurrection or 2) This could refer to Jesus' coming at the end of time.
JHN 16 17 sz1v guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 the Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 16 19 j7wv figs-rquestion 0 Is this what you are asking yourselves, what I meant by saying, ... see me'? Jesus uses this question so his disciples will focus on what he has just told them, so he can explain further. Alternate translation: "You are asking yourselves what I meant when I said, ... see me.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 16 20 jx6s 0 Truly, truly, I say to you Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 16 20 p9x1 figs-metonymy 0 but the world will be glad Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who oppose God. Alternate translation: "but the people who oppose God will be glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 16 20 p6v5 figs-activepassive 0 but your sorrow will be turned into joy You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "but your sadness will become joy" or "but afterwards instead of being sad you will be very happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 16 22 j7ge figs-metonymy 0 your heart will be glad Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being. Alternate translation: "you will be very happy" or "you will be very joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 16 23 g4qt 0 Truly, truly, I say to you Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 16 23 v91r figs-metonymy 0 if you ask anything of the Father in my name, he will give it to you Here the word "name" is a metonym that refers to the person and authority of Jesus. Alternate translation: "if you ask anything of the Father, he will give it to you because you belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 16 23 w5jj guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 16 23 q75v figs-metonymy 0 in my name Here "name" is a metonym that refers to the person and authority of Jesus. The Father will honor the requests of the believers because of their relationship with Jesus. Alternate translation: "because you are my followers" or "on my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 16 24 p83u figs-activepassive 0 your joy will be fulfilled You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will give you great joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 16 25 m4wc 0 in figures of speech "in language that is not clear"
JHN 16 25 n93q 0 the hour is coming "it will soon happen"
JHN 16 25 r73l 0 tell you plainly about the Father "tell you about the Father in a way that you will clearly understand."
JHN 16 25 bq3q guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 16 26 vf63 figs-metonymy 0 you will ask in my name Here "name" is a metonym for the person and authority of Jesus. Alternate translation: "you will ask because you belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 16 26 cy76 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 16 27 scs2 0 the Father himself loves you because you have loved me When a person loves Jesus, the Son, they also love the Father, because the Father and Son are one.
JHN 16 27 b49q guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 I came from the Father Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 16 28 xn2v 0 I came from the Father ... I am leaving the world and I am going to the Father After his death and resurrection, Jesus will return to God the Father.
JHN 16 28 wyz7 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 I came from the Father ... going to the Father Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 16 28 l3zb figs-metonymy 0 world The "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 16 31 c8cu figs-rquestion 0 Do you believe now? This remarks appears in the form of a question to show that Jesus is puzzled that his disciples are only now ready to trust him. Alternate translation: "So, now you finally place your trust in me! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 16 32 yza2 figs-activepassive 0 you will be scattered You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "others will scatter you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 16 32 k3br guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 the Father is with me This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 16 33 k6d6 figs-explicit 0 so that you will have peace in me Here "peace" refers to inner peace. Alternate translation: "so that you may have inner peace because of your relationship with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 16 33 z7wj figs-metonymy 0 I have conquered the world Here "the world" refers to the troubles and persecution that believers will endure from those who oppose God. Alternate translation: "I have conquered the troubles of this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 17 intro nb2a 0 # John 17 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter forms one long prayer.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Glory<br><br>Scripture often speaks of God's glory as a great, brilliant light. When people see this light, they are afraid. In this chapter Jesus asks God to show his followers his true glory ([John 17:1](../../jhn/17/01.md)).<br><br>##### Jesus is eternal<br><br>Jesus existed before God created the world ([John 17:5](../../jhn/17/05.md)). John wrote about this in [John 1:1](../../jhn/01/01.md).<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Prayer<br><br>Jesus is God's one and only Son ([John 3:16](../../jhn/03/16.md)), so he could pray differently from the way other people pray. He used many words that sounded like commands. Your translation should make Jesus sound like a son speaking with love and respect to his father and telling him what the father needs to do so that the father will be happy.<br>
JHN 17 01 uf8z 0 Connecting Statement: The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus had been speaking to his disciples, but now he begins to pray to God.
JHN 17 01 b4pj figs-idiom 0 he lifted up his eyes to the heavens This is an idiom that means to look upward. Alternate translation: "he looked up to the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 17 01 k7tb 0 heavens This refers to the sky.
JHN 17 01 n15x 0 Father ... glorify your Son so that the Son will glorify you Jesus asks God the Father to honor him so that he can give honor to God.
JHN 17 01 l8sa guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father ... Son These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 17 01 jup7 figs-metonymy 0 the hour has come Here the word "hour" is a metonym that refers to the time for Jesus to suffer and die. Alternate translation: "it is time for me to suffer and die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 17 02 vbt4 0 all flesh This refers to all people.
JHN 17 03 tx6m 0 This is eternal life ... know you, the only true God, and ... Jesus Christ Eternal life is to know the only true God, God the Father and God the Son.
JHN 17 04 h4hu figs-metonymy 0 the work that you have given me to do Here "work" is a metonym that refers to Jesus' entire earthly ministry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 17 05 k9ra figs-explicit 0 Father, glorify me ... with the glory that I had with you before the world was made Jesus had glory with God the Father "before the world was made" because Jesus is God the Son. Alternate translation: "Father, give me honor by bringing me into your presence as we were before we made the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 17 05 g8at guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 17 06 vbn8 figs-metonymy 0 I revealed your name Here "name" is a metonym that refers to the person of God. Alternate translation: "I taught them who you really are and what you are like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 17 06 hn8z figs-metonymy 0 from the world Here "world" is a metonym that refers to the people of the world that oppose God. This means that God has separated the believers spiritually from the people who do not believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 17 06 u8lc figs-idiom 0 kept your word This is an idiom that means to obey. Alternate translation: "obeyed your teaching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 17 09 ndb1 figs-metonymy 0 I do not pray for the world Here the word "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. Alternate translation: "I am not praying for those who do not belong to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 17 11 bk2h figs-metonymy 0 in the world This is a metonym that refers to being on earth and being among the people who oppose God. Alternate translation: "among the people who do not belong to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 17 11 a7un 0 Holy Father, keep them ... that they will be one ... as we are one Jesus asks the Father to keep those who trust in him so they can have a close relationship with God.
JHN 17 11 kp1d guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 17 11 yq9z figs-metonymy 0 keep them in your name that you have given me Here the word "name" is a metonym for God's power and authority. Alternate translation: "keep them safe by your power and authority, which you have given me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 17 12 s5kw figs-metonymy 0 I kept them in your name Here "name" is a metonym that refers to the power and protection of God. Alternate translation: "I kept them with your protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 17 12 a4s8 0 not one of them was destroyed, except for the son of destruction "the only one among them who was destroyed is the son of destruction"
JHN 17 12 az2m figs-explicit 0 the son of destruction This refers to Judas, who betrayed Jesus. Alternate translation: "the one whom you long ago decided you would destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 17 12 blz4 figs-activepassive 0 so that the scriptures would be fulfilled You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "to fulfill the prophecy about him in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 17 13 p71q figs-metonymy 0 the world These words are a metonym for the people who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 17 13 jp4v figs-activepassive 0 so that they will have my joy fulfilled in themselves You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "so that you might give them great joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 17 14 bc1y 0 I have given them your word "I have spoken your message to them"
JHN 17 14 qf43 figs-metonymy 0 the world ... because they are not of the world ... I am not of the world Here "the "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. Alternate translation: "The people who oppose you have hated my followers because they do not belong to those who do not believe, just as I do not belong to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 17 15 hg22 figs-metonymy 0 the world In this passage, "the world" is a metonym for the people who oppose God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 17 15 s3vp figs-explicit 0 keep them from the evil one This refers to Satan. Alternate translation: "protect them from Satan, the evil one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 17 17 y53e figs-explicit 0 Set them apart by the truth The purpose for setting them apart can be stated clearly. The phrase "by the truth" here represents by teaching the truth. Alternate translation: "Make them your own people by teaching them the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 17 17 y5qx 0 Your word is truth "Your message is true" or "What you say is true"
JHN 17 18 bh1a figs-metonymy 0 into the world Here into "the world" is a metonym that means to the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: "to the people of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 17 19 z4z8 figs-activepassive 0 so that they themselves may also be set apart in truth You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "so that they may also set apart themselves truly to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 17 20 n7mp 0 those who will believe in me through their word "those who will believe in me because they teach about me"
JHN 17 21 s8a1 0 they will all be one, just as you, Father, are in me, and I am in you. May they also be in us Those who trust in Jesus become united with the Father and the Son when they believe.
JHN 17 21 yt2w guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 17 21 nef9 figs-metonymy 0 the world Here the "the world" is a metonym that refers to the people who do not yet know God. Alternate translation: "the people who do not know God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 17 22 p4mj 0 The glory that you gave me, I have given to them "I have honored my followers just as you have honored me"
JHN 17 22 wwu9 figs-activepassive 0 so that they will be one, just as we are one You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "so that you can unite them just as you have united us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 17 23 fld5 0 that they may be brought to complete unity "that they may be completely united"
JHN 17 23 s7ph figs-metonymy 0 that the world will know Here "the world" is a metonym that refers to the people who do not know God. Alternate translation: "that all the people will know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 17 23 rw4u 0 loved This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
JHN 17 24 da83 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 17 24 xh1a figs-explicit 0 where I am Here "where I am" refers to heaven. Alternate translation: "with me in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 17 24 hz83 0 to see my glory "to see my greatness"
JHN 17 24 fiv7 figs-explicit 0 before the creation of the world Here Jesus refers to the time before creation. Alternate translation: "before we created the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 17 25 ur9j guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Righteous Father Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 17 25 xpf5 figs-metonymy 0 the world did not know you The "world" is a metonym for the people who do not belong to God. Alternate translation: "those who do not belong to you do not know what you are like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 17 26 xpi3 figs-metonymy 0 I made your name known to them The word "name" refers to God. Alternate translation: "I have revealed to them what you are like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 17 26 gk2j 0 love ... loved This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
JHN 18 intro ltl2 0 # John 18 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Verse 14 says, "Now Caiaphas was the one who had given the advice to the Jews that it would be better that one man die for the people." The author says this to help the reader understand why it was to Caiaphas that they took Jesus. You might want to put these words in parentheses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### "It is not lawful for us to put any man to death"<br><br>The Roman government did not allow the Jews to kill criminals, so the Jews needed to ask Pilate, the governor, to kill him ([John 18:31](../../jhn/18/31.md)).<br><br>##### Jesus' kingdom<br><br>No one knows for sure what Jesus meant when he told Pilate that his kingdom was not "of this world" ([John 18:36](../../jhn/18/36.md)). Some people think that Jesus means that his kingdom is only spiritual and that he has no visible kingdom on this earth, Other people think that Jesus meant that he would not build and rule his kingdom by force, the way other kings build theirs. It is possible to translate the words "is not of this world" as "is not from this place" or "comes from another place."<br><br>##### King of the Jews<br><br>When Pilate asked if Jesus were the King of the Jews ([John 18:33](../../jhn/18/33.md)), he was asking if Jesus were claiming to be like King Herod, whom the Romans were permitting to rule Judea. When he asked the crowd if he should release the King of the Jews ([John 18:39](../../jhn/18/39.md)), he is mocking the Jews, because the Romans and Jews hated each other. He was also mocking Jesus, because he did not think that Jesus was a king at all, (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])<br>
JHN 18 01 sq3t writing-background 0 General Information: Verses 1-2 give background information for the events that follow. Verse 1 tells where they took place, and verse 2 gives background information about Judas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 18 01 cxz8 writing-newevent 0 After Jesus spoke these words The author uses these words to mark the beginning of a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JHN 18 01 z9bw translate-names 0 Kidron Valley a valley in Jerusalem separating the Temple Mount from the Mount of Olives (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JHN 18 01 w3zx figs-explicit 0 where there was a garden This was a grove of olive trees. Alternate translation: "where there was a grove of olive trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 18 04 k71q 0 General Information: Jesus begins to speak with the soldiers, officers, and Pharisees.
JHN 18 04 sh2u 0 Then Jesus, who knew all the things that were happening to him "Then Jesus, who knew everything that was about to happen to him"
JHN 18 05 vg2d 0 Jesus of Nazareth "Jesus, the man from Nazareth"
JHN 18 05 fd9y figs-explicit 0 I am The word "he" is implied in the text. Alternate translation: "I am he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 18 05 g4hx 0 who betrayed him "who handed him over"
JHN 18 06 b8tl figs-explicit 0 I am Here the word "he" is not present in the original text, but it is implied. Alternate translation: "I am he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 18 06 w38n figs-explicit 0 fell to the ground The men fell to the ground because of Jesus' power. Alternate translation: "fell down because of Jesus' power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 18 07 uf85 0 Jesus of Nazareth "Jesus, the man from Nazareth"
JHN 18 08 l8as writing-background 0 General Information: In verse 9 there is a break from the main story line as John tells us background information about Jesus fulfilling Scripture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 18 08 ui8z figs-explicit 0 I am Here the word "he" is not present in the original text, but it is implied. Alternate translation: "I am he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 18 09 bjp9 figs-explicit 0 This was in order to fulfill the word that he said Here "the word" refers to the words Jesus had prayed. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "This happened in order to fulfill the words that he had said when he was praying to his Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 18 10 fe37 translate-names 0 Malchus Malchus is a male servant of the high priest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JHN 18 11 u2s9 0 sheath the cover for a sharp knife or sword, so the knife will not cut the owner
JHN 18 11 ghz6 figs-rquestion 0 Should I not drink the cup that the Father has given me? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to Jesus' statement. Alternate translation: "I must surely drink the cup that the Father has given to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 18 11 m4f3 figs-metaphor 0 the cup Here "cup" is a metaphor that refers to the suffering that Jesus must endure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 18 11 cjx7 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 18 12 wxb6 writing-background 0 General Information: Verse 14 tells us background information about Caiaphas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 18 12 cl3f figs-synecdoche 0 the Jews Here "the Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 18 12 i6bz figs-explicit 0 seized Jesus and tied him up The soldiers tied Jesus' hands to prevent him from escaping. Alternate translation: "captured Jesus and tied him up to prevent him from escaping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 18 15 hch7 figs-activepassive 0 Now that disciple was known to the high priest, and he entered with Jesus You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Now the high priest knew that disciple so he was able to enter with Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 18 16 utf4 figs-activepassive 0 So the other disciple, who was known to the high priest You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "So the other disciple, whom the high priest knew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 18 17 r82l figs-rquestion 0 Are you not also one of the disciples of this man? This appears in the form of a question to enable the servant to express her remark somewhat cautiously. Alternate translation: "You are also one of the arrested man's disciples! Are you not?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 18 18 bbe9 figs-explicit 0 Now the servants and the officers were standing there, and they had made a charcoal fire, for it was cold, and they were warming themselves These were the high priest's servants and the temple guards. Alternate translation: "It was cold, so the high priest's servants and temple guards made a charcoal fire and were standing and warming themselves around it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 18 18 hbw6 writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line so John can add the information about the people who were warming themselves around the fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 18 19 ppt2 0 General Information: Here the story line shifts back to Jesus.
JHN 18 19 e8h3 0 The high priest This was Caiphas ([John 18:13](../18/13.md)).
JHN 18 19 y6gn figs-explicit 0 about his disciples and his teaching Here "his teaching" refers to what Jesus had been teaching the people. Alternate translation: "about his disciples and what he had been teaching the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 18 20 h2kj figs-explicit 0 I have spoken openly to the world You may need to make explicit that the word "world" is a metonym for those people who had heard Jesus teach. Here the exaggeration "the world" emphasizes that Jesus has spoken openly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JHN 18 20 vcv3 figs-hyperbole 0 where all the Jews come together Here "all the Jews" is an exaggeration that emphasizes that Jesus spoke where anyone who wanted to hear him could hear him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JHN 18 21 dlu6 figs-rquestion 0 Why did you ask me? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to what Jesus is saying. Alternate translation: "You should not be asking me these questions!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 18 22 szv3 figs-rquestion 0 Is that how you answer the high priest? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "That is not how you should answer the high priest!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 18 23 d76y 0 testify about the wrong "tell me what I said that was wrong"
JHN 18 23 r8dy figs-rquestion 0 if rightly, why do you hit me? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to what Jesus is saying. Alternate translation: "if I said only what was right, you should not be hitting me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 18 25 jr1c 0 General Information: Here the story line shifts back to Peter.
JHN 18 25 ki76 writing-background 0 Now This word is used to mark a break in the story line so John can provide information about Peter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 18 25 l2bj figs-rquestion 0 Are you not also one of his disciples? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "You are also one of his disciples!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 18 26 x6s3 figs-rquestion 0 Did I not see you in the garden with him? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Here the word "him" refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: "I saw you in the olive tree grove with the man they arrested! Did I not?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 18 27 msy6 figs-explicit 0 Peter then denied again Here it is implied that Peter denied knowing and being with Jesus. Alternate translation: "Peter then denied again that he knew Jesus or that he had been with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 18 27 jww8 figs-explicit 0 immediately the rooster crowed Here it is assumed the reader will remember that Jesus had said Peter would deny him before the rooster crowed. Alternate translation: "immediately the rooster crowed, just as Jesus had said would happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 18 28 a6e7 writing-background 0 General Information: Here the story line shifts back to Jesus. The soldiers and Jesus' accusers bring him to Caiaphas. Verse 28 gives us background information about why they did not enter the Praetorium. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 18 28 ija7 figs-explicit 0 Then they led Jesus from Caiaphas Here it is implied that they are leading Jesus from Caiaphas' house. Alternate translation: "Then they led Jesus from Caiaphas' house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 18 28 h3vx figs-explicit 0 they did not enter the government headquarters so that they would not be defiled Pilate was not a Jew, so if the Jewish leaders entered his headquarters, they would be defiled. This would have prevented them from celebrating the Passover. You can translate the double negative in a positive form. Alternate translation: "they themselves remained outside Pilate's headquarters because Pilate was a Gentile. They did not want to become defiled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN 18 30 gj5s figs-doublenegatives 0 If this man was not an evildoer, we would not have given him over to you You can translate this double negative in a positive form. Alternate translation: "This man is an evil doer, and we had to bring him to you for punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN 18 30 j9w3 0 given him over This phrase here means to hand over to an enemy.
JHN 18 31 s3l4 writing-background 0 General Information: In verse 32 there is a break from the main story line as the author tells us background information about how Jesus' predicted how he would die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 18 31 ln9s figs-synecdoche 0 The Jews said to him Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus and arrested him. Alternate translation: "The Jewish leaders said to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 18 31 ph54 figs-explicit 0 It is not lawful for us to put any man to death According to Roman law, the Jews could not put a man to death. Alternate translation: "According to Roman law, we cannot put a person to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 18 32 ta7m figs-activepassive 0 so that the word of Jesus would be fulfilled You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "in order to fulfill what Jesus had said earlier" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 18 32 tu3c 0 to indicate by what kind of death he would die "regarding how he would die"
JHN 18 35 kfq5 figs-rquestion 0 I am not a Jew, am I? This remark appears in the form of a question so Pilate can emphasize his complete lack of interest in the cultural affairs of the Jewish people. Alternate translation: "Well I am certainly not a Jew, and I have no interest in these matters!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 18 35 en38 0 Your own people "Your fellow Jews"
JHN 18 36 gq19 figs-metonymy 0 My kingdom is not of this world Here "world" is a metonym for the people who oppose Jesus. Possible meanings are 1) "My kingdom is not part of this world" or 2) "I do not need this world's permission to rule as their king" or "It is not from this world that I have authority to be king." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 18 36 s2lq figs-activepassive 0 so that I would not be given over to the Jews You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "and would prevent the Jewish leaders from arresting me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 18 36 pu8j figs-synecdoche 0 the Jews Here "Jews" is a synecdoche that refers to the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 18 37 ug7i figs-synecdoche 0 I have come into the world Here "world" is a synecdoche that refers to the people who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 18 37 gl3k figs-explicit 0 bear witness to the truth Here "the truth" refers to the truth about God. Alternate translation: "tell people the truth about God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 18 37 ltn9 figs-idiom 0 who belongs to the truth This is an idiom that refers to anyone who loves the truth about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 18 37 fa97 figs-synecdoche 0 my voice Here "voice" is a synecdoche that refers to words Jesus says. Alternate translation: "the things I say" or "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 18 38 zbm5 figs-rquestion 0 What is truth? This remark appears in the form of a question to reflect Pilate's belief that no one really knows what truth is. Alternate translation: "No one can know what is true!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 18 38 rma7 figs-synecdoche 0 the Jews Here "Jews" is a synecdoche that refers to the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 18 40 a7pl figs-ellipsis 0 Not this man, but Barabbas This is an ellipsis. You can add the implied words. Alternate translation: "No! Do not release this man! Release Barabbas instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JHN 18 40 h11k writing-background 0 Now Barabbas was a robber Here John provides background information about Barabbas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 19 intro u96u 0 # John 19 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 19:24, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### "Purple garment"<br><br>Purple is a color like red or blue. The people were mocking Jesus, so they put him in a purple garment. This was because kings wore purple garments. They spoke and acted like they were giving honor to a king, but everyone knew that they were doing it because they hated Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])<br><br>##### "You are not Caesar's friend"<br><br>Pilate knew that Jesus was not a criminal, so he did not want to have his soldiers kill him. But the Jews told him that Jesus was claiming to be a king, and anyone who did that was breaking Caesar's laws ([John 19:12](../../jhn/19/12.md)).<br><br>##### The tomb<br><br>The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([John 19:41](../../jhn/19/41.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter.<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Sarcasm<br><br>The soldiers were insulting Jesus when they said, "Hail, King of the Jews." Pilate was insulting the Jews when he asked, "Should I crucify your king?" He was probably also insulting both Jesus and the Jews when he wrote, "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Gabbatha, Golgotha<br><br>These are two Hebrew words. After translating the meanings of these words ("The Pavement" and "The Place of a Skull"), the author transliterates their sounds by writing them with Greek letters.<br>
JHN 19 01 u3gi 0 Connecting Statement: The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus is standing before Pilate as he is being accused by the Jews.
JHN 19 01 yay2 figs-synecdoche 0 Then Pilate took Jesus and whipped him Pilate himself did not whip Jesus. Here "Pilate" is a synecdoche for the soldiers that Pilate ordered to whip Jesus. Alternate translation: "Then Pilate ordered his soldiers to whip Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 19 03 u4vw figs-irony 0 Hail, King of the Jews The greeting "Hail" with a raised hand was only used to greet Caesar. As the soldiers use the crown of thorns and the purple robe to mock Jesus, it is ironic that they do not recognize that he is indeed a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JHN 19 04 c6v2 figs-explicit 0 I find no guilt in him Pilate states this twice to say he does not believe Jesus is not guilty of any crime. He does not want to punish him. Alternate translation: "I see no reason to punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 19 05 t9wn 0 crown of thorns ... purple garment The crown and the purple robe are things only kings wear. The soldiers dressed Jesus in this manner to mock him. See [John 19:2](../19/02.md).
JHN 19 07 x7bg figs-synecdoche 0 The Jews answered him Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "The Jewish leaders answered Pilate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 19 07 vr7p 0 he has to die because he claimed to be the Son of God Jesus was condemned to death by crucifixion because he claimed he was "the Son of God."
JHN 19 07 xt93 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 19 10 wcm8 figs-rquestion 0 Are you not speaking to me? This remark appears in the form of a question. Here Pilate expresses his surprise that Jesus does not take the opportunity to defend himself. Alternate translation: "I cannot believe you are refusing to speak to me!" or "Answer me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 19 10 iap3 figs-rquestion 0 Do you not know that I have power to release you, and power to crucify you? This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "You should know that I am able to release you or to order my soldiers to crucify you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 19 10 t82v figs-metonymy 0 power Here "power" is a metonym that refers to the ability to do something or to cause something to happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 19 11 x2as figs-doublenegatives 0 You do not have any power over me except for what has been given to you from above You can translate this double negative in a positive and active form. Alternate translation: "You are able to act against me only because God has made you able" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 19 11 arc9 0 from above This is a respectful way of referring to God.
JHN 19 11 vc79 0 gave me over This phrase here means to hand over to an enemy.
JHN 19 12 a39p figs-explicit 0 At this answer Here "this answer" refers to Jesus' answer. Alternate translation: "When Pilate heard Jesus' answer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 19 12 r8va figs-explicit 0 Pilate tried to release him The form of "tried" in the original indicates that Pilate tried "hard" or "repeatedly" to release Jesus. Alternate translation: "he tried hard to release Jesus" or "he tried again and again to release Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 19 12 q1vq figs-synecdoche 0 but the Jews cried out Here "Jews" is a synecdoche that refers to the Jewish leaders that opposed Jesus. In the original, the form of "cried out" indicates that they cried out or shouted repeatedly. Alternate translation: "but the Jewish leaders kept shouting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 19 12 g9xj 0 you are not a friend of Caesar "you are opposing Caesar" or "you are opposing the emperor"
JHN 19 12 bhl3 0 makes himself a king "claims that he is a king"
JHN 19 13 xr6b figs-synecdoche 0 he brought Jesus out Here "he" refers to Pilate and is a synecdoche for "Pilate ordered the soldiers." Alternate translation: "he ordered the soldiers to bring Jesus out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 19 13 fk5k 0 sat down Important people like Pilate sat down when they performed an official duty, while people who were not so important stood up.
JHN 19 13 qhu4 0 in the judgment seat This is the special chair that an important person like Pilate sat in when he was making an official judgment. If your language has a special way to describe this action, you can use it here.
JHN 19 13 g8h4 figs-activepassive 0 in a place called "The Pavement," but This is a special stone platform where only the important people were allowed to go. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "in a place the people called The Pavement, but" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 19 13 ev3i 0 Hebrew This refers to the language that the people of Israel spoke.
JHN 19 14 t5qt writing-background 0 Now This word marks a break in the story line so that John can provide information about the upcoming Passover and the time of day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 19 14 en2i 0 the sixth hour "about noontime"
JHN 19 14 lc5y figs-synecdoche 0 Pilate said to the Jews Here "Jews" is a synecdoche that refers to the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "Pilate said to the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 19 15 tlj2 figs-synecdoche 0 Should I crucify your King? Here "I" is a synecdoche that refers to Pilate's soldiers who will actually perform the crucifixion. Alternate translation: "Do you really want me to tell my soldiers to nail your king to a cross?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 19 16 t3yb figs-explicit 0 Then Pilate gave Jesus over to them to be crucified Here Pilate gives the order for his soldiers to crucify Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "So Pilate ordered his soldiers to crucify Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 19 17 qv6j figs-activepassive 0 to the place called "The Place of a Skull," You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "to the place that the people called 'The Place of a Skull,'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 19 17 d88m 0 which in Hebrew is called "Golgotha." Hebrew is the language of the people of Israel. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "which in Hebrew they call 'Golgotha.'"
JHN 19 18 fb84 figs-ellipsis 0 with him two other men This is an ellipsis. You can translate this, adding the implied words. Alternate translation: "they also nailed two other criminals to their crosses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JHN 19 19 cx5s figs-synecdoche 0 Pilate also wrote a sign and put it on the cross Here "Pilate" is a synecdoche for the person who wrote on the sign. Here "on the cross" refers to Jesus' cross. Alternate translation: "Pilate also commanded someone to write on a sign and to attach it to Jesus' cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 19 19 gk8e figs-activepassive 0 There it was written: JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "So that person wrote the words: Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 19 20 ke3t figs-activepassive 0 the place where Jesus was crucified You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "the place where the soldiers crucified Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 19 20 mgb7 figs-activepassive 0 The sign was written in Hebrew, in Latin, and in Greek You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "The one who prepared the sign wrote the words in 3 languages: Hebrew, Latin, and Greek" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 19 20 w41e 0 Latin This was the language of the Roman government.
JHN 19 21 qk7w figs-explicit 0 Then the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate The chief priests had to go back to Pilate's headquarters to protest to him about the words on the sign. Alternate translation: "The chief priests went back to Pilate and said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 19 22 sus9 figs-explicit 0 What I have written I have written Pilate implies that he will not change the words on the sign. Alternate translation: "I have written what I wanted to write, and I will not change it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 19 23 lis8 writing-background 0 General Information: At the end of verse 24 there is a break from the main story line as the John tells us how this event fulfills Scriture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 19 23 s74c figs-explicit 0 also the tunic "and they also took his tunic." The soldiers kept the tunic separate and did not divide it. Alternate translation: "they kept his tunic separate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 19 24 ks7m figs-explicit 0 let us cast lots for it to decide whose it will be The soldiers will gamble and the winner will receive the shirt. Alternate translation: "let us gamble for the tunic and the winner will get to keep it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 19 24 j1f9 0 so that the scripture would be fulfilled which said You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "This fulfilled the scripture that said" or "This happened to make the scripture come true which said"
JHN 19 24 lqy3 0 cast lots This was how the soldiers divided Jesus' clothing among themselves. Alternate translation: "they gambled"
JHN 19 26 gkf1 0 the disciple whom he loved This is John, the writer of this Gospel.
JHN 19 26 t7tc figs-metaphor 0 Woman, see, your son Here the word "son" is a metaphor. Jesus wants his disciple, John, to be like a son to his mother. Alternate translation: "Woman, here is the man who will act like a son to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 19 27 qc7d figs-metaphor 0 See, your mother Here the word "mother" is a metaphor. Jesus wants his mother to be like a mother to his disciple, John. Alternate translation: "Think of this woman as if she were your own mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 19 27 q615 0 From that hour "From that very moment"
JHN 19 28 crd3 figs-activepassive 0 knowing that everything was now completed You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "he knew that he had done everything that God had sent him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 19 29 x1cy figs-activepassive 0 A container full of sour wine was placed there You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Someone had placed there a full container of sour wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 19 29 g9vg 0 sour wine "bitter wine"
JHN 19 29 drr1 0 they put Here "they" refers to the Roman guards.
JHN 19 29 y2eg 0 a sponge a small object that can soak up and hold much liquid
JHN 19 29 mg3t 0 on a hyssop staff "on a branch of a plant called hyssop"
JHN 19 30 vz56 figs-explicit 0 He bowed his head and gave up his spirit John implies here that Jesus gave his spirit back to God. Alternate translation: "He bowed his head and gave God his spirit" or "He bowed his head and died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 19 31 zuk9 figs-synecdoche 0 the Jews Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 19 31 c49h 0 day of preparation This is the time before the Passover when people prepared food for the Passover.
JHN 19 31 f96h figs-activepassive 0 to break their legs and to remove them You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "to break the legs of the executed men and take their bodies down from the crosses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 19 32 q2yq figs-activepassive 0 who had been crucified with Jesus You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "whom they had crucified near Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 19 35 p17b writing-background 0 The one who saw this This sentence gives background information to the story. John is telling readers that he was there and that we can trust what he has written. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 19 35 fl82 figs-explicit 0 has testified, and his testimony is true To "testify" means to tell about something that one has seen. Alternate translation: "has told the truth about what he has seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 19 35 c9q7 figs-explicit 0 so that you would also believe Here "believe" means to put one's trust in Jesus. Alternate translation: "so that you will also put your trust in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 19 36 wid6 writing-background 0 General Information: In these verses there is a break from the main story line as John tells us about how these events have made Scripture come true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 19 36 qwl5 figs-activepassive 0 in order to fulfill scripture You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "to fulfill the words that someone wrote in the scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 19 36 b1kx figs-activepassive 0 Not one of his bones will be broken This is a quotation from Psalm 34. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "No one will break any of his bones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 19 37 h4kq 0 They will look at him whom they pierced This is a quotation from Zechariah 12.
JHN 19 38 d3hz translate-names 0 Joseph of Arimathea Arimathea was a small town. Alternate translation: "Joseph from the town of Arimathea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JHN 19 38 h7ra figs-synecdoche 0 for fear of the Jews Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "for fear of the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN 19 38 t22g figs-explicit 0 if he could take away the body of Jesus John implies that Joseph of Arimathea wants to bury the body of Jesus. Alternate translation: "for permission to take the body of Jesus down from the cross for burial" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 19 39 mjy8 0 Nicodemus Nicodemus was one of the Pharisees who believed in Jesus. See how you translated this name in [John 3:1](../03/01.md).
JHN 19 39 d3d2 0 myrrh and aloes These are spices that people use to prepare a body for burial.
JHN 19 39 xks9 translate-bweight 0 about one hundred litras in weight You may convert this to a modern measure. A "litra" is about one third of a kilogram. Alternate translation: "about 33 kilograms in weight" or "weighing about thirty-three kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
JHN 19 41 fb25 writing-background 0 Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden ... had yet been buried Here John marks a break in the story line in order to provide background information about the location of the tomb where they would bury Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 19 41 uib1 figs-activepassive 0 Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Now in the place where they crucified Jesus there was a garden" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 19 41 qd1a figs-activepassive 0 in which no person had yet been buried You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "in which people had buried no one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 19 42 nr4r figs-explicit 0 Because it was the day of preparation for the Jews According to Jewish law, no one could work after sundown on Friday. It was the beginning of the Sabbath and Passover. Alternate translation: "The Passover was about to begin that evening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 20 intro nm1y 0 # John 20 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### The tomb<br><br>The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([John 20:1](../../jhn/20/01.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter.<br><br>##### "Receive the Holy Spirit"<br><br>If your language uses the same word for "breath" and "spirit," be sure that the reader understands that Jesus was performing a symbolic action by breathing, and that what the disciples received was the Holy Spirit, not Jesus' breath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Rabboni<br><br>John used Greek letters to describe the sound of the word, and then he explained that it means "Teacher." You should do the same, using the letters of your language.<br><br>##### Jesus' resurrection body<br><br>No one is sure what Jesus' body looked like after he became alive again. His disciples knew it was Jesus because they could see his face and touch the places where the soldiers had put the nails through his hands and feet, But he could also walk through solid walls and doors. It is best not to try to say more than what the ULT says.<br><br>##### Two angels in white<br><br>Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about angels in white clothing with the women at Jesus' tomb. Two of the authors called them men, but that is only because the angels were in human form. Two of the authors wrote about two angels, but the other two authors wrote about only one of them. It is best to translate each of these passages as it appears in the ULT without trying to make the passages all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md) and [Mark 16:5](../../mrk/16/05.md) and [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md) and [John 20:12](../../jhn/20/12.md))<br>
JHN 20 01 k5pq 0 General Information: This is the third day after Jesus was buried.
JHN 20 01 a8vl 0 first day of the week "Sunday"
JHN 20 01 bdw5 figs-activepassive 0 she saw the stone rolled away You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "she saw that someone had rolled away the stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 20 02 g2rn 0 disciple whom Jesus loved This phrase appears to be the way that John refers to himself throughout his book. Here the word "love" refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member.
JHN 20 02 xd3w figs-explicit 0 They took away the Lord out from the tomb Mary Magdalene thinks that someone has stolen the Lord's body. Alternate translation: "Someone has taken the Lord's body out of the tomb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 20 03 d6g3 0 the other disciple John apparently shows his humility by referring to himself here as "the other disciple," rather than including his name.
JHN 20 03 p6ex figs-explicit 0 went out John implies that these disciples were going to the tomb. Alternate translation: "rushed out to the tomb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 20 05 m9qn 0 linen cloths These were the burial cloths that people had used to wrap the body of Jesus.
JHN 20 06 ys3b 0 linen cloths These were the burial cloths that people had used to wrap the body of Jesus. See how you translated this in [John 20:5](../20/05.md).
JHN 20 07 qt5a figs-activepassive 0 cloth that had been on his head Here "his head" refers to "Jesus' head." You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "cloth that someone had used to cover Jesus' face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 20 07 yc78 figs-activepassive 0 but was folded up in a place by itself This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "but someone had folded it and put it aside, separate from the linen cloths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 20 08 vl84 0 the other disciple John apparently expresses his humility by referring to himself as "the other disciple," rather than including his name in this book.
JHN 20 08 ww3z figs-explicit 0 he saw and believed When he saw that the tomb was empty, he believed that Jesus had risen from the dead. Alternate translation: "he saw these things and began to believe that Jesus had risen from the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 20 09 ms3s figs-explicit 0 they still did not know the scripture Here the word "they" refers to the disciples who did not understand the scripture that said Jesus would rise again. Alternate translation: "the disciples still did not understand the scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 20 09 u5q9 0 rise become alive again
JHN 20 09 p651 0 from the dead From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld.
JHN 20 10 p5um figs-explicit 0 went back home again The disciples continued to stay in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "went back to where they were staying in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 20 12 p9aw figs-explicit 0 She saw two angels in white The angels were wearing white clothing. Alternate translation: "She saw two angels dressed in white clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 20 13 v5uj 0 They said to her "They asked her"
JHN 20 13 hmx8 0 Because they took away my Lord "Because they took away the body of my Lord"
JHN 20 13 aq3x 0 I do not know where they have put him "I do not know where they have put it"
JHN 20 15 le9x 0 Jesus said to her "Jesus asked her"
JHN 20 15 ml7c figs-explicit 0 Sir, if you have taken him away Here the word "him" refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: "If you have taken away the body of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 20 15 z97i 0 tell me where you have put him "tell me where you have put it"
JHN 20 15 a5z2 figs-explicit 0 I will take him away Mary Magdalene wants to get Jesus' body and bury it again. Alternate translation: "I will get the body and bury it again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 20 16 k468 0 Rabboni The word "Rabboni" means rabbi or teacher in Aramaic, the language that Jesus and his disciples spoke.
JHN 20 17 whh9 0 brothers Jesus used the word "brothers" to refer to his disciples.
JHN 20 17 xbr1 figs-explicit 0 I will go up to my Father and your Father, and my God and your God Jesus rose from the dead and then predicted he would go up into heaven, back to his Father, who is God. Alternate translation: "I am about to return to heaven to be with my Father and your Father, to the one who is my God and your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 20 17 q3x5 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 my Father and your Father These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God, and between believers and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 20 18 m6xn figs-explicit 0 Mary Magdalene came and told the disciples Mary Magdalene went to where the disciples were staying and told them what she had seen and heard. Alternate translation: "Mary Magdalene went to where the disciples were and told them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 20 19 m5nt 0 General Information: It is now evening and Jesus appears to the disciples.
JHN 20 19 qj6n 0 that day, the first day of the week This refers to Sunday.
JHN 20 19 e7cb figs-activepassive 0 the doors of where the disciples were, were closed You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "the disciples had locked the doors where they were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 20 19 g8bu figs-explicit 0 for fear of the Jews Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who might arrest the disciples. Alternate translation: "because they were afraid that the Jewish leaders might arrest them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 20 19 zj7j 0 Peace to you This is a common greeting that means "May God give you peace" .
JHN 20 20 bk9f figs-explicit 0 he showed them his hands and his side Jesus showed the disciples his wounds. Alternate translation: "he showed them the wounds in his hands and his side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 20 21 ylp8 0 Peace to you This is a common greeting that means "May God give you peace" .
JHN 20 21 env3 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 20 23 a9j7 figs-activepassive 0 they are forgiven You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will forgive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 20 23 lb7g 0 whoever's sins you keep back "If you do not forgive another's sins"
JHN 20 23 mw5s figs-activepassive 0 they are kept back You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will not forgive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 20 24 x8jz translate-names 0 Didymus This is a male name that means "twin." See how this name is translated in [John 11:15](../11/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JHN 20 25 n8vc 0 disciples later said to him The word "him" refers to Thomas.
JHN 20 25 i7ex figs-doublenegatives 0 Unless I see ... his side, I will not believe You can translate this double negative in a positive form. Alternate translation: "I will believe only if I see ... his side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN 20 25 ss17 0 in his hands ... into his side The word "his" refers to Jesus.
JHN 20 26 vzm5 0 his disciples The word "his" refers to Jesus.
JHN 20 26 r3iz figs-activepassive 0 while the doors were closed You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "when they had locked the doors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 20 26 m5tl 0 Peace to you This is a common greeting that means "May God give you peace" .
JHN 20 27 ncc3 figs-doublenegatives 0 Do not be unbelieving, but believe Jesus uses the double negative "Do not be unbelieving" to emphasize the words that follow, "but believe." If your language does not allow double negatives or the reader would not understand that Jesus is emphasizing the words that follow, you can leave these words untranslated. Alternate translation: "This is what is most important for you to do: you must believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN 20 27 n4pi figs-explicit 0 believe Here "believe" means to trust in Jesus. Alternate translation: "put your trust in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 20 29 q81m figs-explicit 0 you have believed Thomas believes that Jesus is alive because he has seen him. Alternate translation: "you have believed that I am alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 20 29 zgv1 0 Blessed are those This means "God gives great happiness to those."
JHN 20 29 q9fb figs-explicit 0 who have not seen This means those who have not seen Jesus. Alternate translation: "who have not seen me alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 20 30 yd1j writing-endofstory 0 General Information: As the story is nearing the end, the author comments about the many things Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
JHN 20 30 yrl9 0 signs The word "signs" refers to miracles that show that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe.
JHN 20 30 xz6j figs-activepassive 0 signs that have not been written in this book You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "signs that the author did not write about in this book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 20 31 am9l figs-activepassive 0 but these have been written You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "but the author wrote about these signs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 20 31 p5k4 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples 0 Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN 20 31 uem2 figs-metonymy 0 life in his name Here "life" is a metonym that means Jesus gives life. Alternate translation: "you may have life because of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN 20 31 ip1i 0 life This refers to spiritual life.
JHN 21 intro e1bg 0 # John 21 General Notes<br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### The metaphor of sheep<br><br>Before Jesus died, he spoke of himself taking care of his people as if he were a good shepherd taking care of sheep ([John 10:11](../../jhn/10/11.md)). After he became alive again, he told Peter that Peter would be the one who took care of Jesus' sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
JHN 21 01 et5h writing-background 0 General Information: Jesus shows himself again to the disciples at the Sea of Tiberias. Verses 2 and 3 tell us what happens in the story before Jesus appears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 21 01 yj6k 0 After these things "Some time later"
JHN 21 02 b421 figs-activepassive 0 with Thomas called Didymus You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "with Thomas whom we called Didymus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 21 02 m4gx translate-names 0 Didymus This is a male name that means "twin." See how this name is translated in [John 11:15](../11/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JHN 21 05 wgd7 0 Young men This is a term of endearment that means "My dear friends."
JHN 21 06 l2jd figs-explicit 0 you will find some Here "some" refers to fish. Alternate translation: "you will catch some fish in your net" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 21 06 p8he 0 draw it in "pull the net in"
JHN 21 07 u5c3 0 loved This is love that comes from God and is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
JHN 21 07 h3p4 0 he tied up his outer garment "he secured his outer garment around him" or "he put on his tunic"
JHN 21 07 eve2 writing-background 0 for he was undressed This is background information. Peter had taken off some of his clothes to make it easier to work, but now that he was about to greet the Lord, he wanted to wear more clothing. Alternate translation: "for he had taken off some of his clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 21 07 ab4d figs-explicit 0 threw himself into the sea Peter jumped into the water and swam to shore. Alternate translation: "jumped into the sea and swam to shore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 21 07 k449 figs-idiom 0 threw himself This is a idiom that means Peter jumped into the water very quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN 21 08 wrd3 writing-background 0 for they were not far from the land, about two hundred cubits off This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 21 08 c1j8 translate-bdistance 0 two hundred cubits "90 meters." A cubit was a little less than half a meter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
JHN 21 11 f7mi figs-explicit 0 Simon Peter then went up Here "went up" means Simon Peter had to go back to the boat. Alternate translation: "So Simon Peter went back to the boat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 21 11 fbz7 0 drew the net to land "pulled the net to the shore"
JHN 21 11 azy5 figs-activepassive 0 the net was not torn You can translate this as an active form. Alternate translation: "the net did not break" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 21 11 m8i7 translate-numbers 0 full of large fish; 153 "full of large fish, one hundred and fifty-three." There were 153 large fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JHN 21 12 za5g 0 breakfast the morning meal
JHN 21 14 tp3i translate-ordinal 0 the third time You can translate this ordinal term "third" as "time number 3." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JHN 21 15 m1bh 0 General Information: Jesus begins to have a conversation with Simon Peter.
JHN 21 15 t1uj 0 do you love me Here "love" refers the type of love that comes from God, which focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself.
JHN 21 15 l4h1 0 you know that I love you When Peter answers, he uses the word for "love" that refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member.
JHN 21 15 qja3 figs-metaphor 0 Feed my lambs Here "lambs" is a metaphor for those persons who love Jesus and follow him. Alternate translation: "Feed the people I care for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 21 16 szk8 0 do you love me Here "love" refers the type of love that comes from God, which focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself.
JHN 21 16 vk16 figs-metaphor 0 Take care of my sheep Here "sheep" is a metaphor for those who love and follow Jesus. Alternate translation: "Care for the people I care for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 21 17 fj84 translate-ordinal 0 He said to him a third time The pronoun "he" refers to Jesus. Here "a third time" means "time number 3." Alternate translation: "Jesus said to him a third time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JHN 21 17 kz3h 0 do you love me This time when Jesus asks this question he uses the word for "love" that refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member.
JHN 21 17 p8aa figs-metaphor 0 Feed my sheep Here "sheep" is a metaphor that represents those who belong to Jesus and follow him. Alternate translation: "Care for the people I care for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN 21 18 sqb7 0 Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN 21 19 ys3m writing-background 0 Now John uses this word to show he is giving background information before he continues the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN 21 19 hf2r figs-explicit 0 to indicate with what kind of death Peter would glorify God Here John implies that Peter would die on a cross. Alternate translation: "to indicate that Peter would die on a cross to honor God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 21 19 k8z1 figs-explicit 0 Follow me Here the word "follow" means "to be a disciple." Alternate translation: "Keep on being my disciple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 21 20 wzm9 0 the disciple whom Jesus loved John refers to himself in this way throughout the book, rather than mentioning his name.
JHN 21 20 ikd4 0 loved This is the kind of love that comes from God and always desires the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
JHN 21 20 ys31 0 at the dinner This is a reference to the Last Supper ([John 13](../13/01.md)).
JHN 21 21 u5rr 0 Peter saw him Here "him" refers to "the disciple whom Jesus loved."
JHN 21 21 cf5h figs-explicit 0 Lord, what will this man do? Peter wants to know what will happen to John. Alternate translation: "Lord, what will happen to this man?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 21 22 yc52 0 Jesus said to him "Jesus said to Peter"
JHN 21 22 e3xi 0 If I want him to stay Here "him" refers to the "disciple whom Jesus loved" in [John 21:20](../21/20.md).
JHN 21 22 tef8 0 I come This refers to Jesus' second coming, his return to earth from heaven.
JHN 21 22 tf23 figs-rquestion 0 what is that to you? This remark appears in the form of a question to express a mild rebuke. Alternate translation: "that is not your concern." or "you should not be concerned about that." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN 21 23 c2cr 0 among the brothers Here "the brothers" refers to all the followers of Jesus.
JHN 21 24 s5bp writing-endofstory 0 General Information: This is the end of the Gospel of John. Here the author, the Apostle John, gives a closing comment about himself and what he has written in this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
JHN 21 24 d6t5 0 the disciple "the disciple John"
JHN 21 24 f7ww figs-explicit 0 who testifies about these things Here "testifies" means that he personally sees something. Alternate translation: "who has seen all these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 21 24 h5i9 figs-explicit 0 we know Here "we" refers to those who trust in Jesus. Alternate translation: "we who trust in Jesus know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN 21 25 l3hz figs-activepassive 0 If each one were written down You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "If someone wrote down all of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN 21 25 i9n8 figs-hyperbole 0 even the world itself could not contain the books John exaggerates to emphasize that Jesus did many more miracles than what people could write about in many books. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JHN 21 25 xn87 figs-activepassive 0 the books that would be written You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "the books that people could write about what he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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