unfoldingWord_en_tn/tn_MAL.tsv

Reference	ID	Tags	SupportReference	Quote	Occurrence	Note
front:intro	axt4				0	# Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Malachi\n\n1. The word of Yahweh comes to Israel (1:1)\n1. Yahweh loves Israel and rejects Esau (Edom) (1:2–5)\n1. A message against the priests (1:6–2:9)\n1. A message against Judah: they have broken faith by divorcing and intermarrying (2:10–16)\n1. A message about the day of refining (2:17–3:6)\n1. A message about tithing (3:7–12)\n1. A message about those who others treated shamefully, but who were faithful to Yahweh (3:13–18)\n1. Yahweh will punish the wicked and send Elijah before the “great and terrible day of Yahweh” (4:5–6)\n\n### What is the Book of Malachi about?\n\nThe Book of Malachi is about the prophecies that Malachi spoke to the Jews who had returned from Babylon to Judah. At that time, the Jews were discouraged even though they had finished building a new temple. The wonderful things that previous prophets had promised for Judah had not yet happened. And the Persian Empire still ruled over them. As a result, they no longer were concerned about the law or worshiping Yahweh. Malachi rebuked them for not trusting in Yahweh. But he also promised them that Yahweh would do everything that he promised to do.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThis book traditionally has been titled “Malachi” or “The Book of Malachi.” Translators may decide to call it “The Book about Malachi” or “The Sayings of Malachi.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Malachi?\n\nThe prophet Malachi wrote these messages from Yahweh to the Jews. However, since “Malachi” means “my messenger,” it is possible that this was a title for this prophet. If so, we do not know his real name.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What was meant by the day of Yahweh?\n\nMalachi spoke about “the day” several times. This is the same as “the day of Yahweh.” In the Book of Malachi, this is the time when Yahweh would judge his people. He would remove those who wickedly sin and bless those who trust in him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
1:intro	b7vm				0	# Malachi 1 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh of hosts\n\nThis is an important title used in this chapter. It reminds the reader of the great power Yahweh has to punish the nations. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nThere are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. They all have a rather dramatic effect. They increase the emotional connotations of what is being said. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:1	qm8z			מַשָּׂ֥א דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בְּ⁠יַ֖ד מַלְאָכִֽי	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “This is the declaration of the word of Yahweh to Israel by the hand of Malachi”
1:1	x4vm			יְהוָ֖ה	1	**Yahewh** is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
1:1	lx85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	בְּ⁠יַ֖ד מַלְאָכִֽי	1	The phrase **by the hand of** is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Malachi to deliver his message. Alternate translation: “through Malachi” or “spoken to them by Malachi” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1:2	vb2m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	בַּ⁠מָּ֣ה אֲהַבְתָּ֑⁠נוּ	1	This question indicates that the people doubt the truth of what God says. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not shown that you love us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:2	cy61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	הֲ⁠לוֹא־אָ֨ח עֵשָׂ֤ו לְ⁠יַֽעֲקֹב֙	1	This question, a reply of Yahweh reminding the people of their nation’s history, may also be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that Esau was Jacob’s brother.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:2	l68t			נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה	1	Alternate translation: “Yahweh has solemnly said this”
1:2	ef9g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	וָ⁠אֹהַ֖ב אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹֽב	1	Here **loved** implies a relationship of loyalty between Yahweh and **Jacob**, in which a covenant existed between them. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “as you know, I obligated myself with a covenant to love Jacob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1:2	j176		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	יַעֲקֹֽב	1	This name **Jacob** refers here not only to Jacob, but also to all his descendants. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:3	xf47			עֵשָׂ֖ו שָׂנֵ֑אתִי	1	Here **hated** implies that there was no covenant between Yahweh and Esau. However, it does not imply that Yahweh was emotionally against Esau.
1:3	e38q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	עֵשָׂ֖ו	1	This name **Esau** refers here not only to Esau, but also to all his descendants. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:3	t9bu			אֶת־הָרָי⁠ו֙	1	This refers to the hill country of Edom.
1:3	q6yq			וְ⁠אֶת־נַחֲלָת֖⁠וֹ לְ⁠תַנּ֥וֹת מִדְבָּֽר	1	In the Old Testament, the presence of wild animals such as **jackals** was a frequent description of land deserted by the people who once lived there.
1:3	rff9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	נַחֲלָת֖⁠וֹ	1	Here **inheritance** stands for the region that Esau’s descendants, the nation of Edom, occupied. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:4	z8qd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	כִּֽי־תֹאמַ֨ר אֱד֜וֹם	1	Here **Edom** stands for the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “If the people of Edom say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:4	x6kr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	וַ⁠אֲנִ֣י אֶהֱר֑וֹס	1	Here **tear down** stands for “destroy.” Alternate translation: “but I will destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:4	zv9v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	גְּב֣וּל רִשְׁעָ֔ה	1	Here **wickedness** stands either for wicked people or for wicked actions. Alternate translation: “country of wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1:5	bq14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	וְ⁠עֵינֵי⁠כֶ֖ם תִּרְאֶ֑ינָה	1	Here **your own eyes** stands for the people themselves. Alternate translation: “You yourselves will see this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:6	zu71			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nYahweh rebukes the priests using an imaginary conversation in which the priests protest that they are doing right and Yahweh tells them what they are doing wrong.
1:6	u3vj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	בּוֹזֵ֣י שְׁמִ֔⁠י	1	Here **my name** stands for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “who treat me as though you hate me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:6	awt1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	בַּ⁠מֶּ֥ה בָזִ֖ינוּ אֶת־שְׁמֶֽ⁠ךָ	1	Here the priests are asking a question in order to state that they have not really despised Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have not really despised your name.” or “Tell us how we have despised your name, because we do not think that we have done so.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:7	dyc6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	לֶ֣חֶם מְגֹאָ֔ל	1	Here **polluted** describes anything that is not suitable to sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:7	v4at		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	בַּ⁠מֶּ֣ה גֵֽאַלְנ֑וּ⁠ךָ	1	Here the priests are asking a question in order to state that they have not really polluted Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have not polluted you.” or “Tell us how we have polluted you, because we do not think that we have done so.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:7	h6dv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	גֵֽאַלְנ֑וּ⁠ךָ	1	This expression refers to insulting God by giving him unsuitable sacrifices. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:7	efa3			שֻׁלְחַ֥ן	1	This refers to an altar.
1:7	xu5y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	בֶּ⁠אֱמָרְ⁠כֶ֕ם שֻׁלְחַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה נִבְזֶ֥ה הֽוּא	1	This is the answer that Yahweh gives to the priests, but the full answer is only implied. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “You have polluted me by saying, ‘Yahweh’s table is contemptible.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1:7	agd8			נִבְזֶ֥ה	1	regarded as worthless
1:8	zw52		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	וְ⁠כִֽי־תַגִּשׁ֨וּ⁠ן עִוֵּ֤ר לִ⁠זְבֹּ֨חַ֙ אֵ֣ין רָ֔ע	1	Here Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “You know very well that it is evil for you to offer blind animals for sacrifice!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:8	i5xb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	וְ⁠כִ֥י תַגִּ֛ישׁוּ פִּסֵּ֥חַ וְ⁠חֹלֶ֖ה אֵ֣ין רָ֑ע	1	Here Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “And you know very well that it is evil for you to offer lame and sick animals!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:8	f8k3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	הַקְרִיבֵ֨⁠הוּ נָ֜א לְ⁠פֶחָתֶ֗⁠ךָ הֲ⁠יִּרְצְ⁠ךָ֙ א֚וֹ הֲ⁠יִשָּׂ֣א פָנֶ֔י⁠ךָ	1	The command in the first sentence functions as a hypothetical condition. Alternate translation: “If you present that to your governor, will he accept you or will he lift up your face?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1:8	kw16		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	הֲ⁠יִּרְצְ⁠ךָ֙ א֚וֹ הֲ⁠יִשָּׂ֣א פָנֶ֔י⁠ךָ	1	Here Yahweh asks this question in order to remind the people that their governor would never accept defective animals from them. Alternate translation: “If you do those things, you know that the governor will not accept you. He will not lift up your face.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:8	ch8q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	הֲ⁠יִשָּׂ֣א פָנֶ֔י⁠ךָ	1	Lifting up someone’s **face** refers to accepting him with favor. Alternate translation: “will he accept you with favor” or “will he agree to help you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1:8	j8zc			הַקְרִיבֵ֨⁠הוּ נָ֜א	1	give as a gift to show respect
1:9	d7q3			וְ⁠עַתָּ֛ה חַלּוּ־נָ֥א פְנֵי־אֵ֖ל וִֽ⁠יחָנֵ֑⁠נוּ	1	Malachi is no longer speaking for God. He is talking directly to the Israelites; he is criticizing them for daring to think that God will have mercy on them.
1:9	kht7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	חַלּוּ־נָ֥א פְנֵי־אֵ֖ל	1	Here “face” stands for God and also for his presence. Alternate translation: “keep asking God in his presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:9	r5f4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶם֙ הָ֣יְתָה	1	Here **in your hand** is an idiom that means "with you." Alternate translation: “when you bring such an offering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1:9	ylm4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶם֙ הָ֣יְתָה זֹּ֔את הֲ⁠יִשָּׂ֤א מִ⁠כֶּם֙ פָּנִ֔ים	1	Here Yahweh is asking a question in order to make a statement of rebuke. Alternate translation: “if you offer unacceptable offerings, he will certainly not lift up your faces.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:9	wg22			מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶם֙ הָ֣יְתָה זֹּ֔את	1	This difficult phrase in Hebrew is interpreted in many different ways by modern versions.
1:9	kmg8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶם֙	1	Here **hand** stands for the people bringing the offering. Alternate translation: “brought by you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:9	m84q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	הֲ⁠יִשָּׂ֤א מִ⁠כֶּם֙ פָּנִ֔ים	1	Lifting up someone’s face refers to accepting him with favor. Alternate translation: “would he accept any of you with favor” or “would he agree to help any of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1:10	w5uc			מִ֤י גַם	1	This expresses great desire.
1:10	pv8h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	וְ⁠לֹֽא־תָאִ֥ירוּ מִזְבְּחִ֖⁠י חִנָּ֑ם	1	Here **light fires on my altar** stands for offering sacrifices on Yahweh’s altar. Alternate translation: “so that you might not make fires to burn offerings that I will not accept” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:10	ju31		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶֽם	1	Here **your hand** stands for “you.” Alternate translation: “from you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:11	v4x9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	מִ⁠מִּזְרַח־שֶׁ֜מֶשׁ וְ⁠עַד־מְבוֹא֗⁠וֹ	1	This double expression means “everywhere.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1:11	hl9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	מִ⁠מִּזְרַח־שֶׁ֜מֶשׁ וְ⁠עַד־מְבוֹא֗⁠וֹ	1	This expression is parallel to “among the nations” and “in every place” later in this verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1:11	ls76		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	גָּד֤וֹל שְׁמִ⁠י֙ בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֔ם	1	Here **my name** stands for Yahweh’s reputation and honor. Alternate translation: “I will be honored in other nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:11	rx5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	וּ⁠בְ⁠כָל־מָק֗וֹם מֻקְטָ֥ר מֻגָּ֛שׁ לִ⁠שְׁמִ֖⁠י וּ⁠מִנְחָ֣ה טְהוֹרָ֑ה	1	This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “in these nations people will offer incense and pure offerings to me in order to worship me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1:11	m2j4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	לִ⁠שְׁמִ֖⁠י	1	Here **name** stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:12	n6gq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	וְ⁠נִיב֖⁠וֹ & אָכְלֽ⁠וֹ	1	This could mean: (1) “the meat sacrificed on the altar from animals whose other parts the priests should eat” or (2) “the meat sacrificed on the altar.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1:13	la3n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	וְ⁠הִפַּחְתֶּ֣ם אוֹת֗⁠וֹ	1	This means to show great disrespect by making noises through the nose. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1:13	kz7p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	הַ⁠אֶרְצֶ֥ה אוֹתָ֛⁠הּ מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶ֖ם	1	Here Yahweh is asking a question in order to make a statement of rebuke. Alternate translation: “I should certainly not accept this from you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:13	nx88		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶ֖ם	1	Here **your hand** stands for “you.” Alternate translation: “from you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:14	v5fd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	וּ⁠שְׁמִ֖⁠י נוֹרָ֥א בַ⁠גּוֹיִֽם	1	This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “people in the other nations honor my name” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1:14	z5ra		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	וּ⁠שְׁמִ֖⁠י נוֹרָ֥א בַ⁠גּוֹיִֽם	1	Here **my name** stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will be honored” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:intro	jc2b				0	# Malachi 2 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Levites\n\nThe priests are given a strong warning in this chapter. They have not followed the law of Moses and have led the people in the wrong direction. Yahweh has not accepted their sacrifices. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])\n\n### Marital unfaithfulness\n\nBecause the Jews lived under a covenantal arrangement with Yahweh, their relationship is described using the imagery of a marriage. Marital unfaithfulness indicates a person’s unfaithfulness to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:2	y1il		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	לֹא֩ תָשִׂ֨ימוּ עַל־לֵ֜ב	1	To **lay it on your heart** refers to considering something to be very important. Alternate translation: “consider it to be very important” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2:2	w6cs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	לָ⁠תֵ֧ת כָּב֣וֹד לִ⁠שְׁמִ֗⁠י	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **honor**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “honor my name” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2:2	e4vh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	לִ⁠שְׁמִ֗⁠י	1	Here **my name** refers to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:2	k5md		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	וְ⁠שִׁלַּחְתִּ֤י בָ⁠כֶם֙ אֶת־הַ⁠מְּאֵרָ֔ה	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **curse**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will curse you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2:2	b7vl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	אֵינְ⁠כֶ֖ם שָׂמִ֥ים עַל־לֵֽב	1	This refers to considering God’s **command** to be very important. Alternate translation: “you are not considering my command to be very important” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2:3	vsb2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וְ⁠זֵרִ֤יתִי פֶ֨רֶשׁ֙ עַל־פְּנֵי⁠כֶ֔ם	1	Here **dung on your faces** stands for disgrace. Alternate translation: “I will most certainly put you in deep disgrace; it will be as bad as if I had spread dung on your faces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:3	skc9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	פֶּ֖רֶשׁ חַגֵּי⁠כֶ֑ם	1	Here **festivals** stands for the animals that the priests offered in sacrifice at the Israelite festivals. “The dung” probably refers both to the dung that was produced by the animals just before they were slaughtered for sacrifice, and to the dung that was found inside the animals when their bodies were cut apart before being sacrificed. Temple workers had to transport this dung to a place outside of the temple, and probably outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:3	m2bs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	וְ⁠נָשָׂ֥א אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם אֵלָֽי⁠ו	1	This difficult expression can be translated as “God will take you away with it,” that is, with the dung. This expression continues the same metaphor of slaughtering animals for sacrifice, and it can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “they will throw you on the dung pile; God will make sure that they take you away when they remove all the dung” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:3	zti7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וְ⁠נָשָׂ֥א אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם אֵלָֽי⁠ו	1	This could mean: (1) God will punish the unfaithful priests by killing them and causing their bodies to be carried away on the piles of animal dung, or (2) God will punish the unfaithful priests in such a horrible way that it will be as if their bodies had been carried away with the animal dung. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:4	cr4j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	לֵוִ֔י	1	Here **Levi** represents his descendants, the tribe of Levi. Alternate translation: “so that my covenant may be with you, the descendants of Levi” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:5	x7pv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nYahweh speaks of the tribe of Levi as though they are Levi. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:5	t8fs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	בְּרִיתִ֣⁠י ׀ הָיְתָ֣ה אִתּ֗⁠וֹ הַֽ⁠חַיִּים֙ וְ⁠הַ֨⁠שָּׁל֔וֹם	1	Here the intended results of the **covenant** are spoken of as if they were the covenant itself. Alternate translation: “The purpose of my covenant with Levi was for the priests to live in prosperity and peace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:5	f2if		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	מוֹרָ֖א וַ⁠יִּֽירָאֵ֑⁠נִי	1	This expression continues the same metaphor, but leaves out an idea that is implied in the text. This can begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “My covenant with him was also fear, and he feared me” or “In my covenant with him, I required him to fear me, and he did fear me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2:5	td35		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	שְׁמִ֖⁠י	1	Here **my name** stands for God himself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:6	e73z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	וְ⁠עַוְלָ֖ה לֹא־נִמְצָ֣א	1	Here finding something stands for that thing existing. Alternate translation: “there was no falsehood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:6	pjq6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	בִ⁠שְׂפָתָ֑י⁠ו	1	Here **lips** stands for a person’s ability to speak. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:6	u9rh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	הָלַ֣ךְ אִתִּ֔⁠י	1	Here walking stands for living, conducting one’s life in a certain way. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:6	ws89		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	בְּ⁠שָׁל֤וֹם וּ⁠בְ⁠מִישׁוֹר֙	1	Here the idea of location stands for the manner in which Levi lived. Alternate translation: “peacefully and uprightly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:6	p1lh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וְ⁠רַבִּ֖ים הֵשִׁ֥יב מֵ⁠עָוֺֽן	1	Here persuading people to stop sinning is spoken of as if it were turning them away from sin. Alternate translation: “he persuaded many people to stop sinning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:7	kp5v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	כִּֽי־שִׂפְתֵ֤י כֹהֵן֙ יִשְׁמְרוּ־דַ֔עַת	1	Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that a priest could keep. In this passage, the idea of “keep knowledge” implies communicating true knowledge about God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:7	d2la		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	וְ⁠תוֹרָ֖ה יְבַקְשׁ֣וּ	1	Here instruction is spoken of as if it were an object that people could look for. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word ****, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “and people should want to be instructed” or “and people should want a priest to teach them truly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2:7	sp8u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	מִ⁠פִּ֑י⁠הוּ	1	Here **mouth** stands for what a person says. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:8	si1s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וְ⁠אַתֶּם֙ סַרְתֶּ֣ם מִן־הַ⁠דֶּ֔רֶךְ	1	The right **way** to behave is spoken of as if it were the right path to follow, and abandoning right conduct is spoken of as if it were turning away from that path. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:8	um6v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	הִכְשַׁלְתֶּ֥ם רַבִּ֖ים	1	Disobeying God is spoken of as if it were stumbling. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:8	j9xs			הִכְשַׁלְתֶּ֥ם רַבִּ֖ים בַּ⁠תּוֹרָ֑ה	1	The expression **by your instruction** gives the context for the “stumbling.” Alternate translation: “You have caused many to disobey the law”
2:9	gx4a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	לְ⁠כָל־הָ⁠עָ֑ם	1	This spatial idea stands for the people’s awareness of the priests’ evil behavior. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:9	wq7p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אֵֽינְ⁠כֶם֙ שֹׁמְרִ֣ים אֶת־דְּרָכַ֔⁠י	1	Here **ways** stands for “desires” and “behavior.” These ways are spoken of as if they were things that could be kept by people. Alternate translation: “you have not followed my desires in how you should live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:9	z4gm			וְ⁠נֹשְׂאִ֥ים פָּנִ֖ים בַּ⁠תּוֹרָֽה	1	Alternate translation: “but have set easy standards of behavior for people you like and difficult standards of behavior for people you do not like”
2:9	z9yt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וְ⁠נֹשְׂאִ֥ים פָּנִ֖ים	1	Here the habit of favoring some people more than others is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be shown to others. Alternate translation: “but have made people aware that you favor some people more than others (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:10	h2mp			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nHere the prophet Malachi begins to speak to his fellow Israelites.
2:10	e1l1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	הֲ⁠ל֨וֹא אָ֤ב אֶחָד֙ לְ⁠כֻלָּ֔⁠נוּ הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא אֵ֥ל אֶֽחָ֖ד בְּרָאָ֑⁠נוּ	1	Malachi asks these questions in order to remind his fellow Israelites about what they already know. Alternate translation: “You know that we all have one father, that our God has created a nation out of us.” or “You all know that God is the father of all us Israelites, because he is the one who made our nation.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2:10	q37t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא אֵ֥ל אֶֽחָ֖ד בְּרָאָ֑⁠נוּ	1	This question is meant to express a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly it is the same God who has created us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2:10	t4al			בְּרָאָ֑⁠נוּ	1	This probably refers to God forming the Hebrews into a nation.
2:10	rm21		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	מַדּ֗וּעַ נִבְגַּד֙ אִ֣ישׁ בְּ⁠אָחִ֔י⁠ו לְ⁠חַלֵּ֖ל בְּרִ֥ית אֲבֹתֵֽי⁠נוּ	1	Malachi asks this question in order to rebuke his fellow Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We should certainly not mistreat our brothers and disrespect God’s covenant by disobeying his commands, as you have been doing.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2:11	h25u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	בָּגְדָ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה	1	Here **Judah** stands for the people in the region of Judah, and the fact that they have been faithless to Yahweh is spoken of as if they were one man named **Judah**. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah have been faithless” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:11	ef4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	וְ⁠תוֹעֵבָ֛ה נֶעֶשְׂתָ֥ה בְ⁠יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּ⁠בִ⁠ירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם	1	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “People have done disgusting things in Israel and in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:11	zbw5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	כִּ֣י ׀ חִלֵּ֣ל יְהוּדָ֗ה קֹ֤דֶשׁ יְהוָה֙	1	Here **Judah** refers again to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “For the people of Judah have profaned the holy place of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:11	h7i9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	וּ⁠בָעַ֖ל בַּת־אֵ֥ל נֵכָֽר	1	The people of Judah are again referred to as if they were one man named “Judah.” Alternate translation: “have married women from other nations, women who worship idols” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:12	bxx3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	יַכְרֵ֨ת יְהוָ֜ה לָ⁠אִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר & מֵ⁠אָהֳלֵ֖י יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב	1	Destroying something is often spoken of as it were cutting it off from something else. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh destroy anyone in the tents of Jacob who” or “May Yahweh kill anyone in the community of Israel who” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:12	tkp6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	מֵ⁠אָהֳלֵ֖י יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב	1	Here **tents of Jacob** stands for the community of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:12	f33m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב	1	Here **Jacob** stands for all the Israelites, because Jacob was one of the patriarchs from whom the Israelites were descended. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:12	vdy5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	עֵ֣ר וְ⁠עֹנֶ֔ה	1	This expression seems to mean “absolutely everyone.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2:13	jvgp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	כַּסּ֤וֹת דִּמְעָה֙ אֶת־מִזְבַּ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה בְּכִ֖י וַֽ⁠אֲנָקָ֑ה מֵ⁠אֵ֣ין ע֗וֹד פְּנוֹת֙ אֶל־הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֔ה וְ⁠לָ⁠קַ֥חַת רָצ֖וֹן מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶֽם	1	Malachi sarcastically exaggerates the amount of tears the people cry to show that Yahweh knows that the people do not really feel sad. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2:13	rx8e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	בְּכִ֖י וַֽ⁠אֲנָקָ֑ה	1	The words **weeping** and **groaning** share similar meanings and intensify the idea of weeping. Alternate translation: “with great weeping” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2:13	gt5u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	מֵ⁠אֵ֣ין ע֗וֹד פְּנוֹת֙ אֶל־הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֔ה	1	Here turning toward a gift stands for receiving it and showing favor to the giver. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:13	lbk9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	מֵ⁠אֵ֣ין ע֗וֹד פְּנוֹת֙ אֶל־הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֔ה	1	This implies that those who are weeping at Yahweh’s altar have offered sacrifices to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2:13	y3lr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	מִ⁠יֶּדְ⁠כֶֽם	1	Here **hand** stands for the person giving the offering. Alternate translation: “from you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2:14	n6ul		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	עַל־מָ֑ה	1	The full thought, as in [Malachi 2:13](../02/13.md), is “Why does he not turn toward the offering or accept it with favor from our hand?” Some translators may decide to provide this entire thought in their versions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2:14	u2qp			אֵ֣שֶׁת נְעוּרֶ֗י⁠ךָ	1	Alternate translation: “the woman you married when you were young”
2:14	xn6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	יְהוָה֩ הֵעִ֨יד בֵּינְ⁠ךָ֜ וּ⁠בֵ֣ין ׀ אֵ֣שֶׁת נְעוּרֶ֗י⁠ךָ	1	This statement assumes that this woman is still living. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2:14	s3k3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	הֵעִ֨יד בֵּינְ⁠ךָ֜ וּ⁠בֵ֣ין ׀ אֵ֣שֶׁת נְעוּרֶ֗י⁠ךָ	1	Here Yahweh is spoken of as if he was a witness to an agreement between two people, standing between them in order to testify about what they agreed to, in case a dispute arises between them. This sentence also was meant to remind the people that Yahweh would punish any Israelite who broke the covenant of marriage. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:14	mz1q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	וְ⁠הִ֥יא חֲבֶרְתְּ⁠ךָ֖ וְ⁠אֵ֥שֶׁת בְּרִיתֶֽ⁠ךָ	1	This statement implies that many of the Israelites had divorced their wives. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2:14	txe1			וְ⁠אֵ֥שֶׁת בְּרִיתֶֽ⁠ךָ	1	Alternate translation: “and your wife by the covenant of marriage that you agreed to”
2:15	x1gi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	וְ⁠לֹא־אֶחָ֣ד עָשָׂ֗ה וּ⁠שְׁאָ֥ר ר֨וּחַ֙ ל֔⁠וֹ	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He certainly made husband and wife one, with a portion of his spirit.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2:15	qfl1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	וְ⁠לֹא־אֶחָ֣ד עָשָׂ֗ה	1	This expression implies making husband and wife one flesh. Alternate translation: “Did God not make husband and wife one flesh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2:15	i3ny			זֶ֣רַע אֱלֹהִ֑ים	1	Children who would honor and obey God.
2:16	hp7z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	שָׂנֵ֣א שַׁלַּ֗ח	1	Here **divorce** stands for the act of divorce, when a man sends away his wife, so as to end his marriage to her. Alternate translation: “I hate it when a man divorces his wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2:16	ly2g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	וְ⁠כִסָּ֤ה חָמָס֙ עַל־לְבוּשׁ֔⁠וֹ	1	This phrase probably means any man who is violent toward his wife. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2:16	iv8h			וְ⁠נִשְׁמַרְתֶּ֥ם בְּ⁠רוּחֲ⁠כֶ֖ם וְ⁠לֹ֥א תִבְגֹּֽדוּ	1	Alternate translation: “So be careful to be loyal to your wife”
2:17	ug3a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	הוֹגַעְתֶּ֤ם יְהוָה֙	1	Yahweh is spoken of as if human behavior could make him tired, but God cannot grow weary in a physical or emotional sense. This statement probably means that Yahweh has become offended or exasperated. Alternate translation: “You have offended Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:17	d6k5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	בַּ⁠מָּ֣ה הוֹגָ֑עְנוּ	1	This question is meant to deny that the people have done any wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have certainly not wearied him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2:17	ba81		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	בֶּ⁠אֱמָרְ⁠כֶ֗ם	1	The complete idea here is, “You have wearied him by saying.” This is the prophet’s answer to the rhetorical question. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2:17	wde5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֣י	1	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “in the opinion” or “in the judgment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:17	ze8s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	אַיֵּ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַ⁠מִּשְׁפָּֽט	1	The priests ask this question in order to claim either that Yahweh does not care whether people do evil or not, or that he never punishes evildoers. Alternate translation: “God certainly does not punish evil people!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2:17	kw1t			אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַ⁠מִּשְׁפָּֽט	1	the God who punishes evildoers justly
3:intro	wb48				0	# Malachi 3 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Messiah\n\nThere are several prophecies in this chapter concerning the Messiah and the one who comes before the Messiah. At times, this chapter switches between prophesying about the first coming of the Messiah and the second coming of the Messiah without formal divisions between them. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nSeveral rhetorical questions are used in this chapter to convince the reader of the truth of what he is saying and of their sin. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
3:1	zeq2			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nYahweh begins speaking again to the people of Israel in verse 1, but the prophet Malachi begins speaking in verse 2.
3:1	v6se			הִנְ⁠נִ֤י	1	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
3:1	j5pe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וּ⁠פִנָּה־דֶ֖רֶךְ לְ⁠פָנָ֑⁠י	1	Here getting people ready to welcome Yahweh is spoken of as if a road were being cleared for Yahweh to travel on. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:1	d1j7			הָ⁠אָד֣וֹן ׀ אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֣ם מְבַקְשִׁ֗ים וּ⁠מַלְאַ֨ךְ הַ⁠בְּרִ֜ית אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֤ם חֲפֵצִים֙	1	Some modern versions translate this in a way that implies that these two expressions refer to the same person. Other modern versions leave this matter ambiguous. We recommend that translations leave this matter ambiguous, as the ULT and UST do.
3:1	w8yf			וּ⁠מַלְאַ֨ךְ הַ⁠בְּרִ֜ית	1	Almost all versions leave ambiguous the sense of this expression. But translators may need to make explicit the relationship between “messenger” and “the covenant.” The UST presents “the messenger” as one promised by the covenant that Yahweh had with Israel. Another choice is to present the messenger as a person who will either confirm that covenant or announce a new covenant.
3:2	f24j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	וּ⁠מִ֤י מְכַלְכֵּל֙ אֶת־י֣וֹם בּוֹא֔⁠וֹ וּ⁠מִ֥י הָ⁠עֹמֵ֖ד בְּ⁠הֵרָֽאוֹת֑⁠וֹ	1	These rhetorical questions imply that no one will be able to resist Yahweh when he comes. They can be combined into one statement. Alternate translation: “However, no one will be able to resist Yahweh when he comes to judge them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:2	phd6			אֶת־י֣וֹם בּוֹא֔⁠וֹ	1	Here “day” stands for “time.” Alternate translation: “the time when he comes”
3:2	z2xe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	הָ⁠עֹמֵ֖ד	1	Here standing represents resisting someone’s attack or accusations. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:2	iqv7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	כִּֽי־הוּא֙ כְּ⁠אֵ֣שׁ מְצָרֵ֔ף וּ⁠כְ⁠בֹרִ֖ית מְכַבְּסִֽים	1	This sentence gives the reason why no one will be able to resist God when he comes. God’s power to judge the people and to stop them from sinning is spoken of as if it were the power of strong soap to clean clothes, or the power of fire to melt an object. These are ways of saying that God’s power to do these things cannot be stopped. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3:3	pfr2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	וְ⁠יָשַׁ֨ב	1	Here sitting implies the action of a metalworker, who sits down in order to purify small amounts of gold or silver. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3:3	bxz3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וְ⁠טִהַ֤ר אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־לֵוִי֙	1	Forgiving **the sons of Levi** and persuading them not to sin any longer is spoken of as if it were purifying metal. Alternate translation: “he will correct the sons of Levi and forgive them for having sinned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:3	tcd4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	בְּנֵֽי־לֵוִי֙	1	Here **sons** refers to descendants. The male descendants of Levi were the priests and workers in the temple. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:3	q9li		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	וְ⁠זִקַּ֣ק אֹתָ֔⁠ם כַּ⁠זָּהָ֖ב וְ⁠כַ⁠כָּ֑סֶף	1	Here persuading people not to sin any longer is spoken of as if a metalworker were making **gold and silver** more pure. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3:3	n3xs			וְ⁠הָיוּ֙ לַֽ⁠יהוָ֔ה מַגִּישֵׁ֥י מִנְחָ֖ה בִּ⁠צְדָקָֽה	1	Here **in righteousness** means “motivated by righteous desires to worship God.” Alternate translation: “they will bring acceptable offerings to Yahweh in order to worship Yahweh”
3:4	ws2l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	מִנְחַ֥ת יְהוּדָ֖ה וִ⁠ירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם	1	Here **Judah and Jerusalem** stands for the people in those places. Alternate translation: “the offerings brought by the people of Judah and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:4	y8h1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	כִּ⁠ימֵ֣י עוֹלָ֔ם וּ⁠כְ⁠שָׁנִ֖ים קַדְמֹנִיּֽוֹת	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the offering was once pleasing to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “as it was in the distant past” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3:5	te3u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	וְ⁠קָרַבְתִּ֣י אֲלֵי⁠כֶם֮ לַ⁠מִּשְׁפָּט֒	1	Here **judgment** refers to the act of judging. Alternate translation: “Then I will approach you in order to judge you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:5	dx2i			וּ⁠בְ⁠עֹשְׁקֵ֣י שְׂכַר־שָׂ֠כִיר	1	Alternate translation: “and against those who cause the hired worker to suffer by not paying him for his work”
3:5	k42e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	וּ⁠מַטֵּי־גֵר֙	1	That is, **turn aside** the foreigner from gaining his rights. Depriving people of their rights is spoken of as if it were physically turning them away from oneself. Perhaps the idea is turning away someone who comes for a wrong to be set right. Alternate translation: “against those who deny foreigners living in Israel the rights that they should have” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3:6	mep4			לֹ֥א כְלִיתֶֽם	1	Alternate translation: “have not perished”
3:7	ji32		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	לְ⁠מִ⁠ימֵ֨י אֲבֹתֵי⁠כֶ֜ם סַרְתֶּ֤ם מֵֽ⁠חֻקַּ⁠י֙ וְ⁠לֹ֣א שְׁמַרְתֶּ֔ם	1	Disobeying God’s **statutes** is spoken of as if it were turning away from them. Alternate translation: “You have disobeyed my statutes ever since the days of your ancestors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:7	deh7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	שׁ֤וּבוּ אֵלַ⁠י֙ וְ⁠אָשׁ֣וּבָה אֲלֵי⁠כֶ֔ם	1	Here loving each other and being faithful to each other is spoken of as if it were returning to each other. Alternate translation: “Love me and honor me, and I will always help you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:7	l1ir		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	בַּ⁠מֶּ֥ה נָשֽׁוּב	1	The people ask this question in order to claim that they have never stopped obeying God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have never gone away from you, so we cannot return to you.” or “We have never gone away from you, so it makes no sense to speak of us as returning to you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:8	dn4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	הֲ⁠יִקְבַּ֨ע אָדָ֜ם אֱלֹהִ֗ים	1	This question implies that the idea of robbing God is very wicked. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “A man should certainly not rob God.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:8	p8nl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	הֲ⁠יִקְבַּ֨ע אָדָ֜ם אֱלֹהִ֗ים	1	God speaks of himself in the third person Alternate translation: “No one should ever rob me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3:8	ijc5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	בַּ⁠מֶּ֣ה קְבַעֲנ֑וּ⁠ךָ	1	This question implies that the people do not think they have robbed God. Alternate translation: “We have certainly not robbed you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:8	cy6m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	הַֽ⁠מַּעֲשֵׂ֖ר וְ⁠הַ⁠תְּרוּמָֽה	1	This reply from Yahweh implies a fuller answer. Alternate translation: “You have robbed me by withholding from me your tithes and offerings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3:9	grs1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	בַּ⁠מְּאֵרָה֙ אַתֶּ֣ם נֵֽאָרִ֔ים	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have certainly cursed you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:9	mr47			וְ⁠אֹתִ֖⁠י אַתֶּ֣ם קֹבְעִ֑ים הַ⁠גּ֖וֹי כֻּלּֽ⁠וֹ	1	Here **nation** stands for the people to whom Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: “for all of you in the whole nation are robbing me”
3:10	n4ch			אֶת־כָּל־הַֽ⁠מַּעֲשֵׂ֜ר	1	Alternate translation: “all the tithes”
3:10	dmr8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	בְּ⁠בֵיתִ֔⁠י	1	Here **house** stands for the temple. Alternate translation: “in my temple” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:10	wcp4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וּ⁠בְחָנ֤וּ⁠נִי נָא֙ בָּ⁠זֹ֔את & אִם־לֹ֧א אֶפְתַּ֣ח לָ⁠כֶ֗ם אֵ֚ת אֲרֻבּ֣וֹת הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֔יִם	1	Here the command **test me** stands for something that the people can do and should do: “if you test me.” This can be divided into two sentences also. Alternate translation: “And if you test me … I will open up the windows of heaven” or “And you should test me … If you do, I will open up the windows of heaven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:12	mfq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וְ⁠אִשְּׁר֥וּ אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם כָּל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֑ם	1	Here to be called **blessed** stands for being blessed. Alternate translation: “All the nations will know that you have been blessed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:12	bvs1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	כָּל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֑ם	1	This expression stands for the people in all **the nations**. Alternate translation: “The people in all the nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:12	rm7v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	אֶ֣רֶץ חֵ֔פֶץ	1	Here **delight** stands for the condition in which the inhabitants of a land take delight in their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:13	l55w			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses begin a new section in the book. Here Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
3:13	h229		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	חָזְק֥וּ עָלַ֛⁠י דִּבְרֵי⁠כֶ֖ם	1	Here **strong** stands for “harsh” or “terrible.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:13	f9dh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	חָזְק֥וּ עָלַ֛⁠י דִּבְרֵי⁠כֶ֖ם	1	Here **Your words** stands for “What you have said.” Alternate translation: “What you have said about me is terrible” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:13	fv74		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	מַה־נִּדְבַּ֖רְנוּ עָלֶֽי⁠ךָ	1	The people ask this question in order to claim that they have said nothing against God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have not said anything among ourselves against you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:14	hnv8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	וּ⁠מַה־בֶּ֗צַע כִּ֤י שָׁמַ֨רְנוּ֙ מִשְׁמַרְתּ֔⁠וֹ וְ⁠כִ֤י הָלַ֨כְנוּ֙ קְדֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית מִ⁠פְּנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת	1	The people ask this question among themselves in order to make a statement. Alternate translation: “It is useless that we have kept his requirements and walked mournfully before Yahweh of hosts.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:14	j6y1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	הָלַ֨כְנוּ֙ קְדֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית מִ⁠פְּנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת	1	Here **walked mournfully** stands for “behaved in a sorrowful manner,” probably in order to indicate sorrow over their sins. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:14	n7bs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	מִ⁠פְּנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת	1	Here this expression refers to God being aware of what the people were doing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:15	maa8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אֲנַ֖חְנוּ מְאַשְּׁרִ֣ים זֵדִ֑ים	1	Here to be called **blessed** stands for being blessed. Alternate translation: “we say that the arrogant are blessed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:15	a55n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	נַ֖חְנוּ מְאַשְּׁרִ֣ים זֵדִ֑ים	1	This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we say that the arrogant are well off” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:15	e45r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	וַ⁠יִּמָּלֵֽטוּ	1	That is, “and they escape God’s punishment.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3:16	e2b8			General Information:	0	# General Information:\n\nThe event described here may have taken place after the godly people in Israel repented of their sins.
3:16	le6y			וַ֠⁠יִּכָּתֵב סֵ֣פֶר זִכָּר֤וֹן לְ⁠פָנָי⁠ו֙ לְ⁠יִרְאֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה	1	This could mean: (1) the Israelites wrote a book so they would remember what they had promised and listed the names of people who feared Yahweh or (2) Yahweh caused someone in heaven to write a book with the names of people who feared him.
3:16	tdq5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	סֵ֣פֶר זִכָּר֤וֹן	1	This expression refers to any book that helps people remember important things, such as events or people who lived in the past. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:16	b8vc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	וּ⁠לְ⁠חֹשְׁבֵ֖י שְׁמֽ⁠וֹ	1	Here **his name** stands for God himself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:17	em21			וְ⁠הָ֣יוּ לִ֗⁠י	1	Alternate translation: “They will be my people”
3:17	j5ap		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	סְגֻלָּ֑ה	1	Here **possession** refers to one’s personal property. This idea can be expressed with a verb. Alternate translation: “those who will belong completely to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:17	pp17			לַ⁠יּ֕וֹם	1	the time when Yahweh will judge and punish the rebellious Israelites, giving victory to the faithful Israelites
3:18	d9hz			וּ⁠רְאִיתֶ֔ם בֵּ֥ין	1	Alternate translation: “you will see a difference between” or “you will treat differently”
4:intro	azp5				0	# Malachi 4 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Last days\n\nAlthough the Jews may have hoped these prophecies referenced a time in the near future to them, the prophecies of this chapter exclusively relate to the last days. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])
4:1	q73f			הִנֵּ֤ה	1	Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
4:1	y5w1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	הַ⁠יּוֹם֙ בָּ֔א בֹּעֵ֖ר כַּ⁠תַּנּ֑וּר	1	The disaster occurring at this time is spoken of as if the day itself were **burning**. God’s judgment is often spoken of as if it were a fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:1	e9jy			זֵדִ֜ים & עֹשֵׂ֤ה רִשְׁעָה֙	1	See how you translated these words in [Malachi 3:15](../03/15.md).
4:1	i1qy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וְ⁠הָי֨וּ כָל־זֵדִ֜ים וְ⁠כָל־עֹשֵׂ֤ה רִשְׁעָה֙ קַ֔שׁ	1	These people are spoken of as if they will become dried-up plants fit only for being burned. It is common for the Bible to speak of people as if they were plants or trees. Alternate translation: “all the arrogant and all the evildoers will burn up like dry plants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:1	f4xr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	וְ⁠לִהַ֨ט אֹתָ֜⁠ם הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠בָּ֗א	1	Here **The day** stands for the events that will occur on that day. Alternate translation: “On that day I will burn them up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4:1	x4ll		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	לֹא־יַעֲזֹ֥ב לָ⁠הֶ֖ם שֹׁ֥רֶשׁ וְ⁠עָנָֽף	1	This expression continues to speak of people as if they were plants or trees. Alternate translation: “nothing will be left” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:1	o0u8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	לֹא־יַעֲזֹ֥ב לָ⁠הֶ֖ם שֹׁ֥רֶשׁ וְ⁠עָנָֽף	1	Being deprived of all roots and branches stands for being completely killed off. Alternate translation: “nothing will be left” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:2	tqe5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	לָ⁠כֶ֜ם יִרְאֵ֤י שְׁמִ⁠י֙	1	Here **my name** stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4:2	jc14			וְ⁠זָרְחָ֨ה & שֶׁ֣מֶשׁ צְדָקָ֔ה וּ⁠מַרְפֵּ֖א בִּ⁠כְנָפֶ֑י⁠הָ	1	This could mean: (1) Yahweh, who always acts righteously, will come and heal his people on that day or (2) on that day Yahweh will reveal the people’s righteousness and heal them.
4:2	p4nc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	וּ⁠מַרְפֵּ֖א בִּ⁠כְנָפֶ֑י⁠הָ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **healing**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the ability to heal in its wings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4:2	nogu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וּ⁠מַרְפֵּ֖א בִּ⁠כְנָפֶ֑י⁠הָ	1	This could mean: (1) the act of healing someone is spoken of as if it were an object that the sun carried to people by means of its wings or (2) the healing takes place under the wings, that is, in the security God gives his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:2	n991		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	בִּ⁠כְנָפֶ֑י⁠הָ	1	It was common in the Ancient Near East to speak of the sun as if it had **wings**, with which it moved across the sky. This could mean: (1) the sun’s life-giving rays of light are spoken of as if they were its wings or (2) the wings are said to cover God’s people so as to give them peace and safey. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:2	is44		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	וִֽ⁠יצָאתֶ֥ם וּ⁠פִשְׁתֶּ֖ם כְּ⁠עֶגְלֵ֥י מַרְבֵּֽק	1	Here the redeemed people of Yahweh are spoken of as if they were young bulls released from their stalls, allowed to go out into their pasture. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4:3	cn2r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וְ⁠עַסּוֹתֶ֣ם רְשָׁעִ֔ים כִּֽי־יִהְי֣וּ אֵ֔פֶר תַּ֖חַת כַּפּ֣וֹת רַגְלֵי⁠כֶ֑ם	1	Here the victory of God’s people is spoken of as if they were walking over the burned bodies of their enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:3	f8ct			יִהְי֣וּ אֵ֔פֶר	1	The Israelites’ enemies are spoken of as having been burned to **ashes** ([Malachi 4:1](../04/01.md)).
4:4	if2v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	זִכְר֕וּ תּוֹרַ֖ת מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדִּ֑⁠י אֲשֶׁר֩ צִוִּ֨יתִי אוֹת֤⁠וֹ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **law**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “taught.” Alternate translation: “Remember what I taught my servant Moses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4:4	td5c			זִכְר֕וּ	1	Here **Remember** stands for “Think about” and, at the same time, “Obey.”
4:4	n5dr			בְ⁠חֹרֵב֙	1	**Horeb** is another name for Sinai.
4:4	r85g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	1	Here **all Israel** is a reference to all the people in the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4:4	arq6			חֻקִּ֖ים	1	These are the laws that God gave Israel for all time.
4:4	l5p2			וּ⁠מִשְׁפָּטִֽים	1	These are legal decisions meant to make clear how the general statutes apply to everyday life.
4:5	cnc1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	בּ֚וֹא י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה הַ⁠גָּד֖וֹל וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹרָֽא	1	Here the occurrence of this **day** is spoken of as if it were **coming**. Alternate translation: “before the great and fearful day of Yahweh happens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:5	s6ig			י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה הַ⁠גָּד֖וֹל וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹרָֽא	1	This expression refers to any time in which Yahweh acts decisively.
4:6	kql7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וְ⁠הֵשִׁ֤יב לֵב־אָבוֹת֙ עַל־בָּנִ֔ים וְ⁠לֵ֥ב בָּנִ֖ים עַל־אֲבוֹתָ֑⁠ם	1	Here changing how people think is spoken of as if it were turning their hearts. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])