The soldiers were saying this to draw one another's attention to the man Goliath. AT: "Look at this man who has come up!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
This refers to the king of Israel. AT: "Our king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
# his daughter
This refers to the king's daughter.
# to him ... his father's house
The words "him" and "his" refer to the man who kills Goliath.
# will make his father's house free from taxation in Israel
The word "house" refers to the household or family. AT: "will no longer require his family to pay taxes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])