front:intro nv2v 0 # Introduction to 2 Kings\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of 2 Kings\n\n1. The prophets Elijah and Elisha (1:1–8:15)\n * Elijah brings Yahweh’s judgment onto King Ahaziah (1:1–18)\n * Elijah goes to heaven and Elisha replaces him (2:1–25)\n * Elisha defends the northern kingdom against Moab (3:1–27)\n * Elisha performs various miracles (4:1–44)\n * Elisha heals Naaman the Syrian (5:1–27)\n * Elisha acts in time of war against Syria (6:1–7:20)\n * Elisha’s reputation and prophecy about Hazael (8:1–15)\n1. The history of Judah and Israel from Kings Jehoram and Joram to the fall of Israel (8:16–17:41)\n1. The history of Judah from King Hezekiah to the fall of Judah (18:1–25:30)\n\n### What are the Books of 1 and 2 Kings about?\n\nThese books are about what happened to the people of Israel, from the time of King Solomon to the time both the northern and southern kingdoms were destroyed. These books describe how Israel split into two kingdoms after Solomon died. It also tells about all the kings that ruled over each kingdom after Solomon died.\n\nIn the southern kingdom, some kings did what Yahweh judged to be right. For example, King Josiah repaired the temple and reformed the worship of Yahweh. He responded to the high priest finding a copy of the Law of Yahweh in Jerusalem ([2 Kings 22–23](../../2ki/22/01.md)). However, all of the kings of the northern kingdom were wicked.\n\nThe Assyrians destroyed the northern kingdom in 722 B.C. The Babylonians destroyed the southern kingdom in 586 B.C.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe Books of 1 and 2 Kings were originally one book in Hebrew. They were separated into two books when translated into Greek. Translators might choose more meaningful titles such as “The First Book about the Kings” and “The Second Book about the Kings.”\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What is the purpose of 1 and 2 Kings?\n\nThese books were probably finished during the exile, after the Babylonians had destroyed the temple. They show how being faithful to Yahweh results in his blessing and prospering his people. Worshipping idols and not being faithful result in their being punished and destroyed.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Why do the Books of 1 and 2 Kings refer to someone being addressed indirectly?\n\nIn the Bible, people often referred to themselves as “your servant” when speaking to anyone in a superior position to themselves. Indirectly addressing people in this way was intended to honor the one addressed. English sometimes uses the address “sir” in this way. But a translator should use whatever expressions that are natural in the project language in order to honor someone in a superior position.\n\n### What does the king “did what was right (or) evil in the eyes of Yahweh” mean?\n\nThe writer repeats this kind of expression throughout the Books of 1 and 2 Kings. Here “in the eyes of Yahweh” represents what Yahweh thinks about someone. If a king was faithful and obeyed the covenant, he did what was right according to Yahweh. If he was not faithful and disobeyed the covenant, he did what was evil according to Yahweh.\n\n### What is the meaning of the term “Israel”?\n\nThe name “Israel” is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was the son of Isaac. God changed Jacob’s name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])\n\n### What does the phrase “to this day” mean?\n\nThis phrase was used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” refers to a time already passed. The translator might decide to say, “to this day, at the time when this is being written,” or, “to this day, at the time of writing.” This Hebrew phrase o
1:intro t6cl 0 # 2 Kings 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n2 Kings is a continuation of 1 Kings.\n\nThe story of Elijah continues in this chapter.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### God’s sovereignty\nGod is in control of the future. King Ahaziah sent messengers to ask the Philistine god if he would recover from his fall, but this god does not know the future. Because he asked another god instead of Yahweh, Elijah sent the messengers to tell Ahaziah that he would not recover. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Rhetorical question\n\nElijah rebuked the king with a rhetorical question: “Is it because there is no God in Israel that you are going to consult with Baal Zebub, the god of Ekron?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:2 qdg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the lattice in his upper chamber 0 The upper room was built on the roof of the palace. The lattice was made of thin boards decoratively crossed over one another to form a balcony or window covering. Alternate translation: “the wooden boards around the flat roof of his palace”
1:3 xk53 Yahweh 0 This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
1:3 vu6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the Tishbite 0 This refers to someone from the city of Tishbe.
1:3 sql3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is it because there is no God in Israel that you are going to consult with Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron? 0 This rhetorical question is asked as a rebuke for consulting Baal-Zebub. This is irony because they are definitely aware of the God of Israel. Alternate translation: “You fools! You know there is a God in Israel, but you were acting as though you did not know when you sent men to consult Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1:4 hs1g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Therefore Yahweh says 0 This is Yahweh’s message to King Ahaziah. Alternate translation: “Therefore Yahweh says to King Ahaziah”
1:4 ea7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit You will not come down from the bed to where you have gone up 0 When King Ahaziah was injured, he was placed in a bed. Yahweh said that he will never become well and be able to get out of the bed. Alternate translation: “You will not recover and you will not get up from the bed on which you are lying”
1:5 h8rr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit When the messengers returned to Ahaziah 0 After meeting with Elijah, the messengers returned to the king instead of going to Ekron.
1:6 hrs2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is it because there is no God in Israel that you sent men to consult with Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron? 0 This rhetorical question is asked as a rebuke for consulting Baal-Zebub. This is irony because they are definitely aware of the God of Israel. See how you translated a similar question in [2 Kings 3:3](../03/03.md). Alternate translation: “You fools! You know there is a God in Israel, but you were acting as though you did not know when you sent men to consult Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron!”
1:6 q7jq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit you will not come down from the bed to which you have gone up 0 When King Ahaziah was injured, he was placed in a bed. Yahweh said that he will never become well and be able to get out of the bed. See how you translated this statement in [2 Kings 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “you will not recover and you will not get up from the bed on which you are lying”
1:8 ivq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit He wore a garment made of hair 0 This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor that speaks of him being very hairy as if his hair were a garment. Alternate translation: “He was very hairy” or (2) “His clothes were made from animal hair”
1:9 n9cs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Then the king sent a captain with fifty soldiers to Elijah 0 The king sent the leader of the army with fifty men to bring Elijah back to him. Alternate translation: “Then the king sent a captain with fifty soldiers to seize Elijah”
1:10 p9xj If I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven 0 The captain had called Elijah a man of God, but the captain and the king did not show Elijah proper respect. Elijah said this so that fire would come down from heaven, and this would prove that Elijah really was a man of God and he deserved their respect. Alternate translation: “Since I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven” or “If I am a man of God as you have said, let fire come down from heaven”
1:10 zh8j from heaven 0 Alternate translation: “from the sky”
1:12 ft4v If I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven 0 The captain had called Elijah a man of God, but the captain and the king did not show Elijah proper respect. Elijah said this so that fire would come down from heaven, and this would prove that Elijah really was a man of God and he deserved their respect. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 1:10](../01/10.md). Alternate translation: “Since I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven” or “If I am a man of God as you have said, let fire come down from heaven”
1:13 ye4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit these fifty servants of yours 0 The captain says that his servants are Elijah’s servants to show him honor. AT “my fifty soldiers”
1:13 b8jf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor let my life and the life of … be precious in your sight 0 Here Elijah’s “sight” represents him judgement or evaluation. The captain is pleading with Elijah to let them live. Alternate translation: “please consider my life and the life of … as precious to you” or “consider my life and the life of … to be of worth to you and do not kill us” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1:14 t3sy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor let my life be precious in your sight 0 Here Elijah’s “sight” represents him judgement or evaluation. The captain is repeating his request for Elijah to show kindness to him and let him live. Alternate translation: “please be kind to me” or “please allow me to live” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1:16 akr3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is it because there is no God in Israel from whom you can ask for information? 0 This rhetorical question is asked as a rebuke for consulting Baal-Zebub. This is irony because the king is definitely aware of the God of Israel. Alternate translation: “You must think there is no God in Israel whom you may ask for information!” or “You fool! You know there is a God in Israel to consult, but you acted as if you did not know.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1:16 bgi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit you will not come down from the bed where you have gone up 0 When King Ahaziah was injured, he was placed in a bed. Yahweh said that he will never become well and be able to get out of the bed. See how you translated this statement in [2 Kings 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “you will not recover and you will not get up from the bed where you are lying”
1:17 s5cd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in the second year of Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat king of Judah 0 This describes the time that Joram began to reign over Israel by stating how long Jehoram had been reigning over Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “in the second year that Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat was king of Judah” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1:18 emi5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion are they not written … Israel? 0 This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they are written … Israel.” or “someone has written about them in … Israel.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:intro i216 0 # 2 Kings 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter ends the story of Elijah and begins the story of Elisha.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\nElisha replaces Elijah as the chief prophet of God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
2:1 u56u rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent So it came about 0 “So it happened.” This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line.
2:2 w2jb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile As Yahweh lives, and as you live 0 “As surely as Yahweh lives and as you live.” Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh and Elijah are alive to the certainty of what he is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise you that”
2:3 w5x1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The sons of the prophets 0 This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. Alternate translation: “A group of men who were prophets”
2:4 q628 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile As Yahweh lives, and as you live, I will not leave you 0 “As surely as Yahweh lives and as you live, I will not leave you.” Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh and Elijah are alive to the certainty of what he is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise you that I will not leave you”
2:5 w9wu Then the sons of the prophets who were at Jericho came to Elisha and said to him 0 Alternate translation: “When Elijah and Elisha came near Jericho, the sons of the prophets who were from there said to Elisha”
2:5 g9du rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the sons of the prophets 0 This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “the group of men who were prophets”
2:6 y3ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile As Yahweh lives, and as you live, I will not leave you 0 “As surely as Yahweh lives and as you live, I will not leave you.” Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh and Elijah are alive to the certainty of what he is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise you that I will not leave you”
2:7 u37h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers fifty of the sons 0 “50 of the sons”
2:7 b5cd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the sons of the prophets 0 This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “the group of men who were prophets”
2:7 t6qz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom stood opposite them 0 This means that they were standing, facing them. Alternate translation: “stood facing them” or “stood watching them”
2:8 v3mg cloak 0 outer piece of clothing used as a covering
2:8 cca7 The river divided on both sides so that the two of them walked over on dry ground 0 Alternate translation: “The water of the Jordan River opened up so there was a dry path for Elijah and Elisha to cross over to the other side”
2:8 ai9c on both sides 0 “to the right and the left.” This refers to the right and the left of where Elijah struck the water.
2:9 l4ab It came about 0 Alternate translation: “it happened”
2:9 b2aw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit crossed over 0 This refers to crossing the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “crossed over the Jordan River”
2:9 q4e3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive before I am taken from you 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “before Yahweh takes me from you”
2:9 kk6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a double portion of your spirit 0 Here Elijah’s spirit refers to his spiritual power. Alternate translation: “twice as much of your spiritual power”
2:11 c6ne rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession a chariot of fire and horses of fire 0 Here the phrase “of fire” means that these were surround by fire. Alternate translation: “a chariot surrounded by fire pulled by horses surrounded by fire”
2:11 xmx8 went up by a whirlwind into heaven 0 “was carried into the sky by a whirlwind.” Translate the word “whirlwind” the same as you did in [2 Kings 2:1](../02/01.md).
2:12 su11 My father, my father 0 Elisha is calling Elijah his respected leader.
2:12 bb7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction tore them into two pieces 0 People would often tear their clothes as a sign of great sadness or grief. Alternate translation: “ripped them in two pieces to show his great sadness”
2:13 t6ri cloak 0 The cloak was the otter clothing of a prophet. It was the sign of his job. When Elisha took Elijah’s cloak he was saying he was taking Elijah’s place as prophet.
2:14 l45f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Where is Yahweh, the God of Elijah? 0 Elisha is asking if Yahweh is with him as he was with Elijah. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, the God of Elijah, are you here with me?”
2:14 jjx1 they divided on both sides and Elisha crossed over 0 The river separated and Elisha walked to the other side on dry ground, the same way he did previously when he was with Elijah.
2:14 q6wl on both sides 0 “to the right and the left.” This refers to the right and the left of where Elijah struck the water.
2:15 dm3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the sons of the prophets 0 This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “the group of prophets”
2:15 fu1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The spirit of Elijah does rest on Elisha 0 Here Elijah’s “spirit” refers to his spiritual power. This speaks of Elisha having this spiritual power as if it were something that physically rested upon him. Alternate translation: “Elisha does have the same spiritual power that Elijah did” or “The spiritual power Elijah had is now with Elisha” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:16 tz77 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit See now, among your servants there are fifty strong men. Let them go 0 These men are referring to themselves when they say “fifty strong men.” Alternate translation: “See now, we are fifty strong men and we are now your servants. Let us go”
2:16 pig4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers fifty strong men 0 “50 strong men”
2:17 x4m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit But when they urged Elisha until he was ashamed 0 The sons of the prophets kept asking Elisha until he felt bad about saying “no.” Alternate translation: “They kept asking Elisha until he felt bad for denying their request, so”
2:18 s7q6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Did I not say to you, ‘Do not go’? 0 Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he had told them previously what would happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I told you that you should not go, because you would not find him!”
2:19 k9c8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the situation of this city is pleasant 0 This means that the city is located in a good place. Alternate translation: “this city is in a good place” or “this city is in a good location”
2:21 jc7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor healed these waters 0 This speaks of Yahweh making the bad water pure as if he healed it. Alternate translation: “made the waters pure”
2:21 q6wj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives there will be no more death or unfruitful land 0 This refers to things caused by the bad water. This also can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “there will be no more death or problems with crops caused by this water” or “from now on this water will bring life and help the land become fruitful”
2:22 cpa7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the waters were healed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the waters have remained pure”
2:22 ygc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to this day, & spoke 0 This means that something remains in a certain condition until the present time. Alternate translation: “by the word which Elisha spoke, and have always remained pure since”
2:23 y5ld rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Go up 0 The young boys wanted Elisha to go away from them and expressed this by saying “go up.” Alternate translation: “Go away”
3:intro k5ke 0 # 2 Kings 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe story of Elisha continues in this chapter.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Victory and defeat\n\nGod is in control of victory and defeat. The armies of Israel, Judah and Edom united to attack Moab from the desert for failure to pay tribute. When they ran out of water, they were in desperate condition. Therefore, they asked Elisha (the prophet of God) what to do and he said God would give them water and victory over Moab. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Idiom\n\nThey described Elisha with the idiom, “who poured water on the hands of Elijah,” meaning “who served Elijah.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Anger\n\nIt is said that, “Anger came on Israel.” It is not clear who was angry or why they were angry.
3:1 hcb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah 0 This describes the time that Joram began to reign by stating how long the current king of Judah had reigned. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “in the eighteenth year that Jehoshaphat was king of Judah”
3:1 t9pu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the eighteenth year 0 “year 18”
3:1 gh3r Joram son of Ahab 0 Sometimes this man is referred to as “Jehoram.” This is not the same person as the man mentioned in [2 Kings 1:17](../01/17.md) named “Jehoram.”
3:2 dqh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 Here “sight” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts or opinion. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh considers to be evil” or “what is evil in Yahweh’s judgement”
3:2 ry4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile but not like his father and his mother 0 This compares how much evil he did to being less that the amount that his parents did. Alternate translation: “but he did not do as much evil as his father and mother had done”
3:2 v3k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession the sacred stone pillar of Baal 0 This pillar was used in the worship of Baal, though it is unknown what the pillar looked like. Alternate translation: “the sacred stone pillar for worshiping Baal”
3:3 u5f7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he held on to the sins 0 This is an idiom. Here “holding on” to something means to continue doing it. Alternate translation: “he continued to commit the sins”
3:3 n4ct rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nebat 0 This is the name of a man.
3:3 zgj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he did not turn away from them 0 “Turning away” from something is an idiom which means to stop doing it. Alternate translation: “he did not stop committing those sins” or “he continued committing those sins”
3:4 r82y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit He had to give to the king of Israel 100,000 lambs and the wool of 100,000 rams 0 Mesha had to give these things to the king of Israel because his kingdom was controlled by the king of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Every year he was forced to give 100,000 lambs and the wool from 100,000 rams to the king of Israel, because his kingdom was controlled by the king of Israel”
3:6 kkb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche to mobilize all Israel for war 0 “to prepare the people of Israel for war.” Here “all Israel” refers to all of the Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “to mobilize all of the Israelite soldiers for war”
3:7 uqt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Will you go with me against Moab to battle? 0 The word “you” refers to Jehoshaphat, but refers to both him and his army. Here “Moab” stands for “the army of Moab.” Alternate translation: “Will you and your army go with me to fight against the army of Moab?”
3:7 zuz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I will go 0 Jehoshaphat is saying that he and his entire army will fight with King Joram against Moab. Alternate translation: “We will go with you”
3:7 qh7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I am as you are, my people as your people, my horses as your horses 0 Jehoshaphat is letting Joram use himself, his people, and his horses for his purposes. He speaks of this as if they belonged to Joram. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “We are ready to do whatever you want us to. My soldiers and my horses are ready to help you”
3:9 luy3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the king of Israel went with the king of Judah and the king of Edom 0 This refers to the kings accompanied by their armies. Alternate translation: “the king of Israel and his army went with the king of Judah and his army and the king of Edom and his army”
3:9 ei9n They wandered around 0 This could mean: (1) the kings were not sure where they were going, and so they changed direction often or (2) the kings knew where they were going and they walked around Moab ([2 Kings 3:8](../03/08.md)).
3:10 w5es rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What is this? Has Yahweh called three kings to give them into the hand of Moab? 0 The king uses a rhetorical question to emphasize how ridiculous and terrible their situation is. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It looks like Yahweh will allow all three of us to be captured by Moab!”
3:10 lze9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche to give them into the hand of Moab 0 Here “Moab” refers to its army. Also, “the hand of Moab” refers to the “control” of Moab’s army. Alternate translation: “to give us over to Moab’s control” or “so the army of Moab will defeat us” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:11 m7as rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is there not here a prophet of Yahweh, that we may consult Yahweh by him? 0 Jehoshaphat uses a rhetorical question here to state that he is certain that there is a prophet there and to find out where he is. Alternate translation: “I am sure there is a prophet of Yahweh here! Tell me where one is, so we may consult Yahweh by him.”
3:11 ql15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shaphat 0 This is the name of a man.
3:11 y2h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom who poured water on the hands of Elijah 0 This idiom means that he was Elijah’s helper. The phrase “poured water on the hands” is a description of one of the ways he served Elijah. Alternate translation: “who was a helper to Elijah”
3:12 gjn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The word of Yahweh is with him 0 This means that he is a prophet and that Yahweh tells him what to say. Alternate translation: “He speaks what Yahweh tells him to say”
3:12 xm7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit went down to him 0 They went to see Elijah and to consult with him about what they should do. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “went to see Elisha to ask him what they should do”
3:13 r7z3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What have I to do with you? 0 Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he and the king have nothing in common. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have nothing to do with you.” or “I have nothing in common with you.”
3:13 b5fg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to give them into the hand of Moab 0 Here the “hand of Moab” refers the Moab’s “control.” Alternate translation: “to give them over to the control of Moab” or “to allow them to be captured by the Moabite army”
3:14 y4by rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile As Yahweh of hosts lives, before whom I stand, surely 0 “As I know that Yahweh of hosts lives, before whom I stand, surely.” Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh is alive to the certainty that, if it were not for Jehoshaphat being there, he would not pay attention to Joram. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “As surely as Yahweh of hosts lives, before whom I stand, I promise you, if it”
3:14 g8m7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor before whom I stand 0 Here serving Yahweh is spoken of as standing in his presence. Alternate translation: “whom I serve”
3:14 js2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives were it not for the fact that I honor the presence of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, I would not pay any attention to you 0 This can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “I pay attention to you only because I honor the presence of Jehoshaphat king of Judah”
3:14 p915 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I honor the presence of Jehoshaphat 0 Here Jehoshaphat is referred to by his presence. Alternate translation: “I honor Jehoshaphat”
3:14 w5fa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism I would not pay any attention to you, or even look at you 0 These two phrases have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize that he would not pay any attention to Joram. Alternate translation: “I would not have anything at all to do with you”
3:15 hae4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of Yahweh came upon Elisha 0 Here Yahweh’s “hand” refers to his “power.” Alternate translation: “the power of Yahweh came upon Elisha”
3:17 yt5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive this river valley will be filled with water 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will fill this river valley with water”
3:17 yr9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit you will drink 0 This refers to drinking the water that Yahweh provides. Alternate translation: “you will drink the water”
3:18 er4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor This is an easy thing in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh considers this as an easy thing to do” or “This is an easy thing for Yahweh to do”
3:19 ig6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ruin every good piece of land with rocks 0 This means to put rocks on the fertile land so that it is difficult to use. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “ruin every good piece of land by covering them with rocks”
3:21 by8m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells background information about the Moabite army preparing to meet the three kings and their armies in battle.
3:21 yqn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all who were able to put on armor 0 Here “armor” represents ability to fight. Alternate translation: “all the men who could fight”
3:21 ct3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the kings had come 0 Here the word “kings” refers to both the kings and their armies. Alternate translation: “the kings had come with their armies” or “the kings and their armies had come”
3:22 bxk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile it looked as red as blood 0 This compares the red appearance of the water to the color of blood. Alternate translation: “it was red like blood”
3:23 di7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche So now, Moab 0 The soldiers are referring to themselves here as “Moab.” Alternate translation: “soldiers of Moab”
3:23 bft2 plunder them 0 “steal their belongings.” After an army defeated their enemies, they would often plunder their towns by stealing whatever was left of value.
3:24 eny7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche camp of Israel 0 Here “Israel” refers only to the Israelite soldiers and not to the whole nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “the area where the Israelite soldiers had set up their tents”
3:24 v7zw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the Israelites surprised 0 Here “Israelites” refers only to the Israelite soldiers and not to the whole nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelite soldiers surprised”
3:25 g449 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kir Hareseth 0 This is the capital of Moab.
3:25 fq8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit was left with its rocks in place 0 The walls and buildings of the city were made of stones. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “still had its stone walls and buildings in place”
3:25 a4lh with slings 0 A “sling” is piece of animal skin with long cords at both ends in which a person can put a stone or other small, hard object and throw it a long distance.
3:26 v9le King Mesha 0 Translate the name of this king the same as you did in [2 Kings 3:4](../03/04.md).
3:26 hl9e that the battle was lost 0 Alternate translation: “that his army was being defeated”
3:26 d77c swordsmen 0 soldiers who fight with swords
3:26 l1sy break through 0 “force their way through.” There were many soldiers fighting on the battlefield which made it difficult to move though the crowd.
3:27 d4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit offered him as a burnt offering 0 King Mesha burned his son with fire until he died. He did this as an offering to Chemosh, the false god of Moab. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
3:27 izf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns So there was great anger against Israel 0 Here the word “anger” can be expressed as a verb. There are two possibilities for who is angry here: (1) The Moabite soldiers. Alternate translation: “So the Moabite soldiers were very angry with Israel” or (2) God. Alternate translation: “So God was very angry with Israel”
4:intro ma9j 0 # 2 Kings 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe story of Elisha continues with a group of stories about the miracles Elisha did. (See: [2 Kings 4–6](./01.md) and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Widow\n\nElisha helps a widow financially, and he correctly prophesies that a barren woman would conceive and have a baby by the next year. Later, when that child dies, Elisha miraculously causes him to come back to life. Also, Elisha causes a poisonous food to no longer be harmful, and he miraculously feeds 100 people with only 20 loaves of bread.
4:1 x1ua rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the sons of the prophets 0 This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “the prophets”
4:2 rwy3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole nothing in the house, except a pot of oil 0 This is an exaggeration. The only valuable thing she had was a jar of oil.
4:4 pea2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit you must go inside 0 This means to go inside their house. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “you must go inside your house”
4:7 trw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the man of God 0 This refers to Elisha. Alternate translation: “Elisha, the man of God”
4:7 u3px rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom live with your sons on the rest 0 This is an idiom. It means to use the money to buy the things that they need, such as food and clothing. Alternate translation: “use the rest of the money for you and your sons for what you need to live”
4:8 agh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shunem 0 This is the name of a city.
4:8 aab9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit she urged him to eat food with her 0 This means that she asked him to stop and have a meal at her house. Alternate translation: “she asked him to come to her house to have a meal”
4:13 u5ec rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom You have gone to all this trouble to care for us 0 The phrase “gone to all this trouble” is an idiom that means to make great effort to do something. Alternate translation: “You have made a great effort to care for us” or “You have worked very hard to take care of us”
4:13 vi6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive What can be done for you 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “What can we do for you”
4:13 dm19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Can we speak for you 0 Here Elisha is asking if she would like for him to speak to the king or army commander to make a request for her. The implicit meaning of this question can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Can we make a request for you”
4:13 v5zv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I live among my own people 0 The woman is implying that she does not need anything because her family cares for her needs. Alternate translation: “I live surrounded by my family, and because they take care of me, I have no needs”
4:19 q4fx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit My head, my head. 0 The child said this because his head hurt. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “My head hurts! My head hurts!”
4:20 i924 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the child sat on her knees until noon and then died 0 Here the woman’s knees refer to her lap. She held her son in her lap until he died. Alternate translation: “she held him on her lap until noon and then he died”
4:21 hf6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit on the bed of the man of God 0 This was the bed in the room she had prepared for Elisha when he traveled through Shunem.
4:22 dr4k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit that I may hurry to the man of God and then come back 0 The woman told her husband she was going to see Elisha but she did not say that she was going because their son had died. This implicit information may be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “that I may hurry to the man of God and then come back.’ But she did not tell her husband that their son had died”
4:23 v9f7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit It will be all right 0 The woman states this, knowing this will be the case if her husband does as she requests. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Everything will be all right if you do as I ask”
4:24 r8pm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy she saddled a donkey 0 The woman did not saddle the donkey, rather the servant would have saddled it for her. Alternate translation: “she had her servant saddle a donkey”
4:25 yqh5 So she went and came to the man of God at Mount Carmel 0 Alternate translation: “So she traveled toward Mount Carmel where Elisha, the man of God, was”
4:25 kpg9 So when the man of God saw her in the distance 0 Alternate translation: “While she was still far off, and Elisha saw her coming”
4:26 h6sp It is alright 0 Alternate translation: “It is well” or “Yes, everything is fine”
4:27 kq55 the mountain 0 Alternate translation: “Mount Carmel”
4:27 r3nr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit she caught hold of his feet 0 This implies that she knelt or laid on the ground in front of him and grabbed his feet. Alternate translation: “she dropped down on the ground in front of him and put her hands around his feet”
4:27 wjr1 Yahweh has hidden the problem from me, and has told me nothing 0 Elisha can see that the woman is upset but Yahweh has not revealed to him the cause of her problem.
4:28 ct7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Did I ask you for a son, my master? Did I not say, ‘Do not deceive me’? 0 The woman uses these rhetorical questions to show that she is upset about what has happened. She is speaking about her conversation with Elisha when he told her that she was going to have a son. These questions may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I did not ask you to give me a son, but I did ask you not to lie to me!”
4:29 g9dl Dress for travel 0 Alternate translation: “Get ready to travel”
4:29 gd61 If you meet any man, do not greet him, and if anyone greets you, do not answer him 0 Elisha wanted Gehazi to travel as quickly as possible, without even stopping to talk to anyone.
4:30 x58s As Yahweh lives, and as you live 0 This shows that the mother is taking an oath. The mother compares the certainty that Yahweh and Elisha are alive to the certainty of what she is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “As surely as Yahweh lives and as you live” or “I solemnly promise that”
4:31 nu33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit but the child did not speak or hear 0 This means that the child was not alive. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “but the child did not show any signs of being alive”
4:31 pel6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism has not awakened 0 Here being dead is spoken of as being asleep. Alternate translation: “is still dead”
4:33 xt9g So Elisha went in and shut the door on the child and himself 0 Alternate translation: “So Elisha went by himself into the room where the child lay, closed the door”
4:35 k6ei stretched himself out on the boy 0 Alternate translation: “laid on top of the boy again”
4:36 i9qz the Shunammite 0 Alternate translation: “the Shunammite woman”
4:37 rvs8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction Then she lay facedown on the ground at his feet and bowed to the ground 0 The woman bowed down before Elisha as a sign of great respect and appreciation. Alternate translation: “Then she bowed in front of Elisha with her face to the ground to show him her gratitude”
4:38 j4lk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the sons of the prophets 0 This is an idiom. It does not mean that they were actually the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “the group of men who were prophets”
4:38 mkn9 stew 0 This is a dish that is usually made of meat and vegetables cooked in a pot with liquid.
4:39 n9y9 wild gourds 0 These vegetables were growing wild, meaning someone had not planted them.
4:39 e7es fill the fold of his robe 0 He lifted the bottom edge of his robe up to his waist to make a place to carry more gourds than he could carry with his hands only.
4:39 e55c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit but did not know what kind they were 0 Since they did not know what kind of gourds they were they did not know whether or not they were safe to eat. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “but did not know if they were good or bad to eat”
4:40 bvf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy there is death in the pot 0 This means that there was something in the pot that could kill them, not that there is something dead in the pot. Alternate translation: “there is something in the pot that will kill us”
4:43 l9rl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What, should I set this before a hundred men? 0 The man uses this rhetorical question to imply that this is not enough bread to feed 100 men. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “That is not enough to feed a hundred men!”
4:43 tp2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers a hundred men 0 “100 men”
4:44 ra7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the word of Yahweh 0 Here Yahweh is referred to by what he said. This phrase is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh”
5:intro n1ty 0 # 2 Kings 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe stories of Elisha’s miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
5:1 t6rp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in his master’s view 0 “sight.” The king’s “view” represents what he thinks about something. Alternate translation: “in the king’s opinion”
5:1 pdy1 because by him Yahweh had given victory to Aram 0 Here “Aram” refers to the Aramean army. Alternate translation: “because through Naaman, Yahweh had given victory to the Aramean army”
5:5 mq1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will send a letter 0 The king is going to give the letter to Naaman to take with him to the king of Israel. Alternate translation: “I will send a letter with you”
5:5 kp6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers ten talents of silver, six thousand pieces of gold 0 “10 talents of silver, 6,000 pieces of gold.” This can be written in modern measurements. Alternate translation: “330 kilograms of sliver, 6,000 pieces of gold” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
5:5 ge56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit took with him ten … clothes 0 This were gifts from the king of Aram for the king of Israel. Alternate translation: “took with him ten … clothes, which were gifts for the king of Israel”
5:7 q6lq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction he tore his clothes 0 Often people would rip their clothes if they were in great distress. Alternate translation: “he ripped his clothes to show his distress”
5:7 ief7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Am I God, to kill and to make alive, that this man wants me to cure a man of his leprosy? 0 The king uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the request of the king of Aram is outrageous and something he cannot do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “The king of Aram must think I am some sort of God, with the power over death and life! He wants me to cure this man of his leprosy, but I cannot do that.”
5:7 v9df rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit It seems he is seeking to start an argument with me 0 The king of Israel did not believe the request to heal Naamam was the real reason for the letter. He thought the real reason was to start a fight. Alternate translation: “It seems he is looking for an excuse to start a fight with me”
5:8 uj3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why have you torn your clothes? 0 Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize to the king that he does not need to be distressed and tear his clothes. Alternate translation: “There is no need to be distressed and tear your clothes.”
5:10 qqs5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive your flesh will be restored 0 This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “your flesh will be well”
5:10 p9ph rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will be clean 0 this means that he will no longer be unclean. A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. God considers a person who has leprosy as being defiled and unclean.
5:12 yxw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are not Abanah and Pharpar, the rivers of Damascus, better than all the waters of Israel? 0 Naaman uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the Abanah and the Pharpar are better rivers than the Jordan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “The Abanah and the Pharpar Rivers, in my home country of Aram, are much better than any of the rivers of Israel!”
5:12 i532 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abanah and Pharpar 0 These are the names of rivers.
5:12 iln3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can I not bathe in them and be clean? 0 Naaman uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he could have bathed in the other rivers easily. He believes that bathing in them could heal him just as bathing in the Jordan could. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I should have just bathed in them and been healed!” or “I could just as easily have bathed in them and been healed!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
5:13 yvc6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion would you not have done it? 0 The servant uses this question to carefully rebuke Naaman. Alternate translation: “you surely would have done it!”
5:13 jg7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis How much rather then 0 The servant is comparing how much more willing Naaman should be to obey a simple command since he is willing to obey a difficult one. Alternate translation: “How much more willing you should be to obey” or “Should you not be even more willing to obey”
5:13 yyd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How much rather then, when he says to you to simply, ‘Dip yourself and be clean? 0 The servant uses this rhetorical question to emphasize to Naaman that he should obey Elisha’s command. This question can be written as statement. Alternate translation: “You should be even more willing to obey when he says to you simply, ‘Dip yourself and be clean.’”
5:14 mgk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile His flesh was restored again like the flesh of a little child 0 This speaks how smooth Namaan’s skin is after he is healed by comparing it to the skin of a young child. Alternate translation: “His flesh was restored again and was as soft as the flesh of a young child” or “His skin was well again and was smooth like a young child’s skin”
5:14 y52x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive he was healed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his leprosy was gone”
5:16 d9cf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile As Yahweh lives, before whom I stand, I 0 “As surely as I know that Yahweh lives, before whom I stand.” Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh is alive to the certainty that he will not receive any gifts from Naaman. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “As surely as Yahweh lives, before whom I stand, I promise you that I”
5:16 ha3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor before whom I stand 0 Here serving Yahweh is spoken of as standing in his presence. Alternate translation: “whom I serve”
5:16 rt86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will receive nothing 0 This means that he will not accept any gifts. Alternate translation: “I will not take any gifts”
5:17 wz69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis If not 0 The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “If you will not take the gifts I have brought for you”
5:17 uf7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive let there be given to your servant 0 This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “let me have”
5:17 iy2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit two mule loads of earth 0 Naaman is asking to take soil from Israel and place it in sacks for two mules to carry home with him. He then plans to build an altar on the soil. Alternate translation: “as much soil from Israel as two mules can carry, so that I can build an altar to Yahweh”
5:17 fvw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives will offer neither burnt offering nor sacrifice to any god but Yahweh 0 This can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “will not offer burnt offering or sacrifice to any god but Yahweh” or “will only offer burnt offerings and sacrifices to Yahweh”
5:18 xb8a when my king 0 This is referring to the king of Aram, the king that Namaan works for.
5:18 w99e he leans on my hand 0 “he supports himself on my arm.” This means that Naaman assists the king when he bows in the house of Rimmon because the king is either old or sick.
5:19 t8ub Go in peace 0 Alternate translation: “Go home and do not worry” or “Leave without fear”
5:20 rr3d He had traveled 0 Alternate translation: “Naaman had traveled”
5:20 d1p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche from his hands 0 Here Naaman is referred to by his hands to emphasize the act of giving. Alternate translation: “from him”
5:20 bj14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile As Yahweh lives 0 “As surely as Yahweh lives.” Here Gehazi compares the certainty that Yahweh is alive to the certainty of what he has decided to do. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “As Yahweh lives, I promise”
5:22 my23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom of the sons of the prophets 0 This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “from among the prophets there”
5:22 e1md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Please give them a talent of silver and two changes of clothes 0 Gehazi is asking Naaman to give these things to him so that he can take them and give them to the prophets. Alternate translation: “Please give me a talent of sliver and two changes of clothes to give to them”
5:22 m6yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight a talent of silver 0 This can be written in modern measurements. Alternate translation: “33 kilograms of silver”
5:23 eu8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight two talents 0 This can be written in modern measurements. This talents are of silver. Alternate translation: “two talents of silver” or “66 kilograms of silver” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
5:23 dk33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Naaman urged Gehazi 0 Naaman urged him to take gifts. Alternate translation: “Naaman urged Gehazi to take the gifts”
5:26 vnd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Was not my spirit with you when the man turned his chariot to meet you? 0 Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that Yahweh allowed him to see what Gehazi had done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have realized that my spirit could see you when Naaman stopped his chariot and talked to you.”
5:26 db2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is this a time to accept money … female servants? 0 Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that this is not the time take gifts. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is not the time to accept money … female servants.”
5:27 zy6v the leprosy of Naaman will be on you and your descendants 0 This speaks of Gehazi and his descendant getting leprosy as if Naaman’s leprosy was taken from him and given to Gehazi. Alternate translation: “you and your descendants will have leprosy, just as Naaman had leprosy”
5:27 qcw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom So Gehazi went out from his presence 0 The phrase “his presence” refers to the area where Elisha could see him. This means that he left the room where Elisha was. Alternate translation: “When Gehazi left the room, he was”
5:27 j8kw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile as white as snow 0 Leprosy makes skin white. Here Gehazi’s leprous skin is compared to the color of snow. Alternate translation: “with skin that was white like snow”
6:intro x6uv 0 # 2 Kings 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe stories of Elisha’s miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Impossible actions\n\nElisha caused an iron ax head to float. He fooled the whole army of Aram that was sent to arrest him. When the king of Aram besieged the capital of Israel, the people became so hungry they started eating their children. Elisha told the king of Israel that there would be plenty of food the next day, but the king’s counselor said it was impossible.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Rhetorical question\n\nThe king’s counselor expressed his unbelief in Elisha’s prophecy of plenty of food: “See, even if Yahweh should make windows in heaven, can this thing happen?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
6:1 u5ch rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The sons of the prophets 0 This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “The group of prophets”
6:2 g72i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit let us go to the Jordan 0 This refers to the area by the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “let us go beside the Jordan River”
6:5 bz3i the ax head fell into the water 0 The ax head refers to the blade of the ax. This means that the ax head came loose from its the handle and fell into the water. Alternate translation: “the ax head separated from the handle and fell into the water”
6:5 aig1 Oh no 0 The man said this to show that he was upset and frustrated. If you have a way of expressing these emotions in your language, you can use it here.
6:5 e14a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it was borrowed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I borrowed it”
6:6 b5x5 So the man of God said 0 Alternate translation: “So Elisha, the man of God, asked”
6:6 vgb6 He then cut off a stick, threw it in the water, and made the iron float 0 God uses Elisha to perform a miracle. The ax head rises to the surface of the water and it stays there so the prophet can pick it up.
6:6 q3qa made the iron float 0 Alternate translation: “caused the iron to float”
6:6 tcc9 the iron 0 “the ax head.” The ax head was made of iron.
6:8 q2d7 Now the king of Aram was waging war against Israel 0 Alternate translation: “When the king of Aram was at war with Israel,”
6:8 qf7l Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story.
6:8 iyb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations saying, “My camp will be in such and such a place 0 The king of Aram was telling his counselors where to set up the camp. Here the phrase “such and such” is a way to refer to the information of the location of the camp without writing it out. If this phase does not translate well into your language this may be written as indirect speech. Alternate translation: “and told them where his camp would be located”
6:9 k7a6 the man of God 0 Alternate translation: “Elisha the man of God”
6:9 e7xw Be careful not to pass that place, for the Arameans are going down there 0 Elisha knew the specific place that the Arameans were going to set up their camp and advised the king of Israel for his soldiers to avoid that area.
6:10 ta6i to the place about which the man of God had spoken and warned him 0 This refers to the place that Elisha had warned the king about in [2 Kings 6:9](../06/09.md).
6:10 dp7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit More than once or twice, when the king went there, he was on his guard 0 Elisha would warn the king of where the Aramean army would attack so that he could alert the people before the attack happened. Alternate translation: “Elisha warned the king of Israel in this way several times and the Israelites were able to stay safe”
6:11 uas1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you not tell me who among us is for the king of Israel? 0 The king of Aram assumes there is a traitor among his soldiers who is giving information to the Israelite king. He uses this rhetorical question to try to find out who that traitor is. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me which of you is for the king of Israel!” or “Tell me which of you is revealing our plans to the king of Israel!”
6:11 i6k1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom is for the king of Israel 0 “To be for someone” means to be loyal to that person. In this case, it means that they would give information to help the king of Israel. Alternate translation: “is helping the king of Israel” or “is loyal to the king of Israel”
6:12 j6i2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit No 0 The servant is saying that none of the king’s soldiers are giving information to the king of Israel. Alternate translation: “It is none of us”
6:13 zc42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I may send men and capture him 0 The king plans to send the men to capture Elisha for him. The king does not plan to capture him himself. Alternate translation: “I may send men to capture him”
6:15 nj18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit His servant said to him 0 The servant went back inside the house to tell Elisha what he had seen. Alternate translation: “The servant went back inside and said to Elisha”
6:16 akl9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom those who are with us are more than those who are with them 0 “To be with someone” in battle means to fight for their side. Alternate translation: “those who are on our side in the battle are more than those who are on their side”
6:17 lck2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom open his eyes that he may see 0 Elisha is asking that his servant may be able to see things that other people cannot see, namely the horses and chariots of fire that are around them. Alternate translation: “make him able to see”
6:17 qyw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy around Elisha 0 This refers to the city where Elisha is. Alternate translation: “around the city where Elisha was”
6:19 w7lp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit This is not the way, neither is this the city 0 Elisha confuses the Arameans by telling them that they are not at the city they are searching for. Alternate translation: “This is not the way, neither is this the city you are looking for”
6:20 ns1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom open the eyes of these men that they may see 0 Elisha is asking Yahweh to cause the men to see clearly again. Alternate translation: “allow these men to see”
6:20 vd3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Yahweh opened their eyes and they saw 0 Yahweh allowed the men to see clearly again. Alternate translation: “Yahweh took away their blindness” or “Yahweh allowed them to see clearly”
6:21 w4i5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy should I kill them? Should I kill them? 0 Here the king of Israel is referring to his army as himself. Alternate translation: “Should I order my army to kill these enemy soldiers?”
6:22 uvl9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Would you kill those whom you had taken captive with your sword and bow? 0 Elisha uses this rhetorical question to rebuke the king and tell him not to kill these men. The words “sword and bow” are a metonym for war in which soldiers use swords and bows and arrows. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You would not kill men whom you had captured in war, so you should not kill these men.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:22 p6iq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Put bread and water before them, that they may eat and drink 0 Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “Give them food to eat and water to drink”
6:23 bl78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy So the king prepared much food for them 0 The king ordered his servants to prepare the food. He did not prepare the food himself. Alternate translation: “Then the king ordered his servants to prepare a lot of food for them”
6:23 yc6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit did not return for a long time into the land of Israel 0 This means that they did not attack Israel for a long time. Alternate translation: “stopped attacking the land of Israel for a long time”
6:24 wce5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ben Hadad 0 The name of the king of Aram. His name means “son of Hadad.”
6:24 qq7j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche attacked Samaria 0 The king and his army attacked Samaria. Alternate translation: “they attacked Samaria”
6:25 fhe7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a donkey’s head was sold for 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a donkey’s head cost”
6:25 w1hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers eighty pieces of silver 0 “80 pieces of silver”
6:25 zt5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume the fourth part of a kab 0 This can be written in modern measurements. Alternate translation: “a fourth part of a liter” or “a quarter of a liter”
6:25 qsq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction the fourth part 0 This is one part out of four equal parts. Alternate translation: “one fourth” or “a quarter” or “1/4”
6:25 rs62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis dove’s dung for 0 The words “was sold for” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “dove’s dung was sold for” or “dove’s dung cost”
6:27 i7qs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion If Yahweh does not help you, how can I help you? 0 The king uses this rhetorical question to tell the woman that he cannot help her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “If Yahweh is not helping you, then I cannot help you.”
6:27 x15q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is there anything coming from the threshing floor or winepress? 0 The king uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no food available. Here the threshing floor refers to grain and the winepress refers to wine. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is nothing coming from the threshing floor or the winepress.” or “There is no food to harvest or any grapes to make wine to drink.”
6:30 b5qa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy heard the words of the woman 0 The words “the words” are a metonym for what the woman said. Alternate translation: “heard the woman tell what she and the other woman had done”
6:30 run8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction he tore his clothes 0 The king ripped his outer garment to show his distress. Alternate translation: “he tore his clothes in grief”
6:30 ht3d now he was passing by on the wall 0 He had been walking on the city wall when the woman called out to him in [2 Kings 6:24](../06/24.md). Now he continued walking along it.
6:30 ss3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction he had sackcloth underneath, against his skin 0 By wearing sackcloth even for his undergarments, the king showed that he was very sad and upset. Alternate translation: “he had sackcloth underneath his outer garment, against his skin” or “he was wearing sackcloth underneath his robe because he was very upset”
6:31 uj2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism May God do so to me, and more also 0 The king is saying he hopes God will punish him and even kill him if Elisha the prophet does not die because of the things that have happened in the city of Samaria. Alternate translation: “May God punish me and kill me”
6:31 se8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit if the head of Elisha son of Shaphat remains on him today 0 This refers to Elisha dying, specifically be being beheaded. Alternate translation: “if Elisha son of Shaphat is not beheaded today” or “if my soldiers do not behead Elisha son of Shaphat today”
6:32 l5iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The king sent a man from before him 0 “To be before the king” means to be one of his servants. Alternate translation: “The king of Israel sent one of his servants as a messenger”
6:32 q454 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit when the messenger came to Elisha, he said to the elders 0 Here Elisha is speaking to the elders right before the king’s messenger arrived. Alternate translation: “when the messenger had almost arrived, Elisha said to the elders”
6:32 n9c4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion See how this son of a murderer has sent to take away my head? 0 Elisha uses this rhetorical question to draw attention to the kings messenger and to insult the king. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “See, this son of a murderer has sent someone to remove my head!”
6:32 vw57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom son of a murderer 0 This means that the king of Israel has the characteristics of a murderer. Alternate translation: “this man who is like a murderer” or “that murderer”
6:32 evx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis has sent to 0 It is understood that he sent a person. Alternate translation: “has sent someone to”
6:32 xt8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism to take away my head 0 This means to behead him. Alternate translation: “to cut off my head” or “to behead me”
6:32 nrb2 Look, when 0 Elisha uses this word here to draw the elder’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen to what I want you to do: when”
6:32 sy1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom hold the door shut against him 0 If a door is shut against someone it means that it is closed and that they may not enter through it. Alternate translation: “hold the door shut so that he cannot come in”
6:32 m2uv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is not the sound of his master’s feet behind him? 0 Elisha uses this question to assure the elders that the king is coming not far behind him. This rhetorical question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “The sound of his master’s feet is right behind him.” or “The king will be coming along soon after he arrives.”
6:33 qg92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the messenger came down to him 0 The messenger arrived, and so did the king, as Elisha had said he would. The phrase “came down to him” means that they arrived at the place where he was. Alternate translation: “the messenger and the king arrived” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6:33 q6nq Behold 0 Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
6:33 hk72 this trouble 0 “Indeed, this trouble.” The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. The phrase “this trouble” refers to the famine in Samaria and the suffering it caused.
6:33 txv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Why should I wait for Yahweh any longer? 0 This king use this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not believe that Yahweh is going to help them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Why should I continue to wait for Yahweh to help us?” or “I will not wait any longer for help from Yahweh!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
7:intro tr2p 0 # 2 Kings 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe stories of Elisha’s miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Fear\n\nGod caused the army of Aram to hear the sound of an enormous army approaching so they all ran away leaving all their food behind.
7:1 tu65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a measure of fine flour will be sold for a shekel, and two measures of barley for a shekel 0 It is implied that the Israelites will be paying less money for these item than they had been. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will sell a measure of fine flour for a shekel and two measures of barley for a shekel” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:1 cq3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume a measure of fine flour … two measures of barley 0 Here the word “measure” translates the word “seah,” which is a unit of dry measurement equal to about 7 liters. Alternate translation: “7 liters of fine flour … 14 liters of barley”
7:1 y4hp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney a shekel 0 A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. Alternate translation: “about 11 grams of silver” or “one silver coin”
7:2 su6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the captain on whose hand the king leaned 0 A high ranking captain who was the king’s personal assistant is spoken of as if he was a person on whom the king leaned his hand. Alternate translation: “the captain who was close to the king” or “the captain who was the king’s personal assistant”
7:2 s4x6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor even if Yahweh should make windows in heaven 0 Yahweh causing much rain to fall in order to make the crops grow is spoken of as if Yahweh were opening windows in heaven through which he pours down rain. Alternate translation: “even if Yahweh were to cause much rain to fall from heaven”
7:2 wdq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion can this thing happen? 0 The captain asks this question to express his unbelief. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “this could never happen!”
7:2 wqh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche you will watch it happen with your own eyes 0 The phrase “with your own eyes” emphasizes that the captain will certainly see the things that Elisha prophesied. Alternate translation: “you yourself will watch these things happen”
7:3 bwd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why should we sit here until we die? 0 Although there were four men, probably only one of them asks this question. The question is rhetorical and emphasizes that they should not do this. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly we should not sit here until we die”
7:4 phg1 If they keep us alive, we will live, and if they kill us, we will only die 0 The four men with leprosy are saying that the Arameans might feed them so that they can live, or they might kill them, which would be no worse since they would die anyway.
7:5 s9aa at twilight 0 This refers to the early evening after the sun has set, but before it is dark.
7:5 wz76 the outermost part 0 Alternate translation: “the edge”
7:6 mi4l the Aramean army hear a noise of chariots, and a noise of horses—the noise of another large army 0 The soldiers of the Aramean army heard noises that sounded like a large army approaching to battle them. This was not an actual army, but the Lord had made them hear these sounds.
7:6 ue8p they said to each other 0 Alternate translation: “the Aramean soldiers said to each other”
7:6 msm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the kings of the Hittites and Egyptians 0 Here the word “kings” represents the kings and their armies. Alternate translation: “the armies of the Hittites and the Egyptians”
7:7 q69m 0 # General Information:\n\nThis is what happened after the Lord caused the Aramean soldiers to think they heard a large enemy army approaching their camp.
7:7 nsr2 in the twilight 0 This refers to the early evening after the sun has set, but before it is dark.
7:8 pq49 plunder 0 This refers to items that a conquering army takes from another army that they have defeated. Here it refers to “silver and gold and clothes.”
7:9 rl1z until daybreak 0 Alternate translation: “until morning”
7:9 bw6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor punishment will overtake us 0 Someone punishing the four men is spoken of as if punishment were a person who captures them. Alternate translation: “the people will punish us” or “someone will punish us” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
7:9 mg3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy tell the king’s household 0 Here the word “household” represents the people who live in the king’s palace. Alternate translation: “tell the king and his people”
7:10 n961 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit as they were 0 The implicit information may be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “as they were when the soldiers were still there”
7:11 c178 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive then it was told inside the king’s household 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then people told it inside the king’s household” or “then people told it to the king and those in his palace”
7:13 sp83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the horses that remain, which are left in the city 0 Many of the horses belonging to the Israelites had died because of the famine. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “the horses in the city that are still alive”
7:13 gv7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit see 0 The implicit information about what he wanted to see may be expressed clearly. Alternate translation: “see if what these lepers have said is true”
7:14 ns26 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Go and see 0 The implicit information about what the king wanted them to see may be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Go and see if what these lepers have said is true”
7:15 l1aa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole all the road was full of clothes and equipment 0 This is an exaggeration that means the men saw these items scattered along the road as they traveled. Alternate translation: “there were clothes and equipment all along the road”
7:16 pu67 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive So a measure of fine flour was sold for a shekel, and two measures of barley for a shekel 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So people sold a measure of fine flour for a shekel and two measures of barley for a shekel”
7:16 eh13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume a measure of fine flour … two measures of barley 0 Here the word “measure” translates the word “seah,” which is a unit of dry measurement equal to about 7 liters. Alternate translation: “7 liters of fine flour … 14 liters of barley”
7:16 pys5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney a shekel 0 A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. Alternate translation: “about 11 grams of silver” or “one silver coin”
7:16 tv5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy just as the word of Yahweh had said 0 Here “word” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “just as Yahweh had said”
7:17 hws6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the captain on whose hand he had leaned 0 A high ranking captain who was the king’s personal assistant is spoken of as if he were a person on whom the king leaned his hand. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: “the captain who was close to the king” or “the captain who was the king’s personal assistant”
7:17 r27e trampled him down 0 The crowd of people were in such a rush to get to the food in the camp that they knocked over the man and trampled him to death.
7:18 a3ew rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory 0 # General Information:\n\nIn this verse, the writer summarizes what happened by repeating the events that he described in [2 Kings 7:1](../07/01.md).
7:18 y32g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume two measures of barley … a measure of fine flour 0 Here the word “measure” translates the word “seah,” which is a unit of dry measurement equal to about 7 liters. Alternate translation: “14 liters of barley … 7 liters of fine flour”
7:18 kz43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney a shekel 0 A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. Alternate translation: “about 11 grams of silver” or “one silver coin”
7:19 n3ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory 0 # General Information:\n\nIn this verse, the writer summarizes what happened by repeating the events that he described in [2 Kings 7:2](../07/02.md).
7:19 gkc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor even if Yahweh should make windows in heaven 0 Yahweh causing much rain to fall in order to make the crops grow is spoken of as if Yahweh were opening windows in heaven through which he pours down rain. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: “even if Yahweh were to cause much rain to fall from heaven”
7:19 k7aj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion can this thing happen? 0 The captain asks this question to express his unbelief. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: “this could never happen!”
7:19 z799 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche you will watch it happen with your own eyes 0 The phrase “with your own eyes” emphasizes that the captain will certainly see the things that Elisha prophesied. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: “you yourself will watch these things happen”
8:intro bje7 0 # 2 Kings 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe stories of Elisha’s miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Kings\n\nElisha told Hazael that he would be king of Aram. Jehoram became king of Judah. He was evil so Edom and Libna revolted and chose their own kings. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
8:1 j132 Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story.
8:1 uw76 the woman whose son he had restored to life 0 The story of this woman and her son is found at [2 Kings 4:8](../04/08.md).
8:1 d8nn he had restored to life 0 Alternate translation: “he had caused to become alive again”
8:1 imp7 Arise, and go 0 To arise here is for a person to stop what he is doing and begin to do what he needs to do. Alternate translation: “Do as I say, and go”
8:2 j2gk the woman arose and she obeyed the word of the man of God 0 To arise here is for a person to stop what he is doing and begin to do what he needs to do. She may have been standing when she heard Elisha speak and decided to go.
8:2 q2bu the man of God 0 Alternate translation: “Elisha, the man of God”
8:3 u7ww to the king 0 This refers to the king of Israel.
8:3 z25q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit for her house and for her land 0 While the woman was gone, her home and property were sieged. She is begging for them to be returned to her. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “for her home and her property to be returned to her”
8:4 a78n rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells us background information about what the king was doing when the woman arrived.
8:5 yfr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit for her house and land 0 While the woman was gone, her home and property were sieged. She is begging for them to be returned to her. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “for her home and her property to be returned to her”
8:6 zv9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit about her son 0 This refers to the story of her son dying and Elisha bringing him back to life. The meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “about what had happened to her son”
8:6 lmk8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all the harvests of her fields 0 This metonym refers to the amount of money that the harvests of her fields were worth while she was away. Alternate translation: “all the profit from the harvests of her fields”
8:7 e6xa rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ben Hadad 0 This is the name of the king of Aram. His name means “son of Hadad.” See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Kings 6:24](../06/24.md).
8:8 ds2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hazael 0 This is the name of a man.
8:8 q5ru rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Take a gift 0 Hazael was to take many gifts, not just one. Alternate translation: “take many gifts”
8:8 gw6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom in your hand 0 The phrase “in your hand” is an idiom meaning for him to take the gifts with him. Alternate translation: “with you”
8:8 weg2 the man of God 0 Alternate translation: “Elisha, the man of God”
8:8 ks64 consult with Yahweh through him, saying 0 Alternate translation: “ask Elisha to ask Yahweh”
8:9 bpb7 carried by forty camels 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which forty camels carried”
8:9 sg7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Your son Ben Hadad king of Aram 0 Ben Hadad was not actually Elisha’s son, but Hazael called him that to show a close relationship between them. Alternate translation: “Ben Hadad, the king of Aram, who is like a son to you”
8:12 cp79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche you will do 0 The word “you” represents Hazael and refers to himself and the soldiers under his control when he is king. Alternate translation: “you will cause to happen” or “you will order your soldiers”
8:12 rs1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You will set … you will kill 0 The word “you” represents Hazel but here refers to his soldiers and not to Hazael personally. Alternate translation: “You soldiers will set … your soldiers will kill”
8:12 c5cf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy kill their young men with the sword 0 This means that the men will be killed in battle. The sword was the main weapon used in battle. Alternate translation: “kill their young men in battle”
8:12 m5j3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit rip open their pregnant women 0 Specifically this refers to tear open their stomachs. Alternate translation: “rip open the stomachs of their pregnant women with swords”
8:13 t6fk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who is your servant, that he should do this great thing? 0 Hazel refers to himself here as Elisha’s servant. Hazel uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not think he could do the terrible things that Elisha has said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I could never do such great things!” or “Who am I, that I would have the power to do such things?”
8:13 pk37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He is only a dog 0 Hazael is talking about himself. He speaks of his low status and lack of influence by comparing himself to a dog. Here a dog represents a lowly animal. Alternate translation: “I am as powerless as a dog” or “I am as powerless as a lowly animal”
8:15 k77k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit face so that he died 0 This means that Ben Hadad suffocated under the wet blanket. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “face. Ben Hadad was unable to breathe through it, and so he died”
8:16 twh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit In the fifth year of Joram son of Ahab, king of Israel 0 This describes the time that Jehoram began to reign over Judah by stating how long Joram, the current king of Israel, had been reigning. Alternate translation: “In the fifth year that Jorman son of Ahab was king of Israel” or “In year five of the reign of Joram son of Ahab, king of Israel”
8:16 th81 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal fifth year 0 “year 5”
8:17 yy79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers thirty-two years old 0 “32 years old”
8:18 n85x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Jehoram walked in the ways of the kings of Israel 0 Here “walking” is an idiom that refers to how he lived and reigned as king. At this time in history, the recent kings of Israel had been evil kings. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Jehoram was an evil king, just as other kings of Israel who ruled before him had been” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8:18 dj52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy as the house of Ahab was doing 0 Here the “house” of Ahab refers to the members of Ahab’s family and his recent descendants. Ahab is Jehoram father-in-law. Alternate translation: “the same as the rest of the family of Ahab was doing”
8:18 p4ym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in Yahweh’s sight 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil”
8:19 j8s5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy destroy Judah 0 Here “Judah” is a metonym for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “destroy the people of Judah”
8:19 yb5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit since he had told him that he would always give him descendants 0 “since Yahweh had told David that he would always give David descendants.” This refers to Yahweh’s promise to David that his descendants would always rule Judah. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “since he had told David that his descendants would always rule Judah”
8:20 lj7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of Judah 0 Here the word “hand” refers to the control of Judah, and “Judah” refers specifically to the king of Judah. Alternate translation: “the control of the king of Judah”
8:21 gqd7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Then Jehoram crossed over 0 What was “crossed over” can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Then Jehoram crossed the enemy lines”
8:22 tvz8 So Edom has been in rebellion against the rule of Judah to this present day 0 Alternate translation: “So after that, Edom was no longer controlled by Judah, and it is still like that”
8:22 za77 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the rule of Judah 0 Here “Judah” refers to the king of Judah. Alternate translation: “the rule of the king of Judah” or “the authority of the king of Judah”
8:22 c7ws rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Libnah also revolted at the same time 0 Libnah rebelled against the king of Judah just as Edom had. Alternate translation: “During that same time, Libnah also rebelled against the king of Judah”
8:22 ezk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Libnah 0 This is another city that was originally part of Judah. Here “Libnah” refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the people of Libnah” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:23 nxu4 As for the other matters concerning Jehoram, all that he did 0 Alternate translation: “To read more about the history of Jehoram and what he did,”
8:23 ys1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion are they not written … Judah? 0 This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Jehoram is in this other book. Alternate translation: “these things are written … Judah.” or “someone has written about them … Judah.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8:24 a4g1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism Jehoram rested with his fathers and was buried with them 0 Here “rested” is a polite way of referring to someone dying. After he died, his body was buried in the same place as the bodies of his forefathers. The phrase “was buried” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Jehoram died as his ancestors had died, and they buried him with his ancestors” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8:25 f3kd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit In the twelfth year of Joram son of Ahab, king of Israel 0 This describes the time that Ahaziah began to reign as king of Judah by stating how long Joram, the current king of Israel, had reigned. Alternate translation: “in the twelfth year that Joram son of Ahab was king of Israel”
8:25 x65c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal twelfth year 0 “12th year”
8:26 jxz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty-two years 0 “22 years”
8:26 ja9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Athaliah … Omri 0 Athaliah is the name of a woman. Omri is the name of a man.
8:27 tvy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Ahaziah walked in the ways of 0 Here “walking” refers his behavior or the way in which he lived. Alternate translation: “Ahaziah lived the same way as the others in”
8:27 a5ad rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Ahab 0 Here the “house” of Ahab refers to his family. Alternate translation: “the family of Ahab”
8:27 r7k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil”
8:27 h1s1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a son-in-law to the house of Ahab 0 This explains Ahaziah’s family relationship to Ahab. Ahaziah’s father was married to Ahab’s daughter. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “the son of Ahab’s son-in-law” or “a grandson of King Ahab”
8:28 hi68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Ahaziah went with Joram son of Ahab, to fight against Hazael, king of Aram 0 The names of the three kings listed here are synecdoches and refer also to their armies that accompany them. Alternate translation: “Ahaziah’s army joined the army of King Joram of Israel to fight against the army of King Hazael of Aram”
8:29 e1qq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive to be healed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to heal” or “to recover”
8:29 wi44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche against Hazael king of Aram 0 Here “Hazael” refers to himself and his army. Alternate translation: “the army of Hazael king of Aram”
8:29 c1ui rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Joram had been wounded 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the Arameans had wounded Joram”
9:intro eu4t 0 # 2 Kings 9 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe life of Elisha continues in this chapter.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### King Jehu\n\nElisha told a young prophet to go and tell Jehu that God had made him the new king. Jehu killed the kings of both Israel and Judah and Jezebel, the mother of the king. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
9:1 yn86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the sons of the prophets 0 This does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “the group of the prophets”
9:1 xc5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche in your hand 0 The phrase “in your hand” refers to him taking the bottle with him. Alternate translation: “with you”
9:1 u975 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ramoth Gilead 0 Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [2 Kings 8:28](../08/28.md).
9:2 bsu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi 0 This means that Jehoshaphat is Jehu’s father and that Nimshi is Jehoshapat’s father.
9:5 s5qa behold 0 The writer uses the word “behold” to direct attention to what follows. If you have a way of doing this in your language, you can use it here.
9:5 nk22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the captains of the army were sitting 0 Jehu was sitting among the captains. You may introduce Jehu to the story line here if this is necessary in your language. Alternate translation: “Jehu and some other army officers were sitting together”
9:7 e949 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I may avenge the blood of my servants the prophets, and the blood of all the servants of Yahweh 0 Here the “blood” of the prophets and the servants refers to their deaths. Alternate translation: “I may avenge the deaths of my servants the prophets and all the servants of Yahweh” or “so that I may punish them for murdering my servants the prophets and all the servants of Yahweh”
9:7 v3iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis the blood 0 The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “avenge the blood”
9:7 t494 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who were murdered by the hand of Jezebel 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom Jezebel commanded her servants to murder” or “whose deaths were commanded by Jezebel”
9:7 f5vj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy by the hand of Jezebel 0 This means that Jezebel commanded the people to be killed. Alternate translation: “by an order from Jezebel” or “by Jezebel’s command”
9:8 xlv4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism For the whole family of Ahab will perish, and I will cut off from Ahab every male child 0 Here to be “cut off” means to be killed. Alternate translation: “For the whole family of Ahab will perish, and I will cause every male child in his family to be killed” or “Every member of Ahab’s family will die, including every male child”
9:8 nm7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche every male child 0 This phrase is used to refer to every male, but it specifies “child” to emphasize that it includes children. Alternate translation: “every male”
9:9 ev98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will make the house of Ahab like 0 This means that God will destroy Ahab and his family just as he destroyed Jeroboam and Baasha and their families. Alternate translation: “I will get rid of the house of Ahab like I got rid of”
9:9 t27a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of 0 This phrase is used in this verse three times. Each time, the word “house” refers to the “family” of the man specified. Alternate translation: “the family of”
9:9 xb8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate Nebat … Ahijah 0 These are the names of men. Translate the name “Nebat” the same as you did in [2 Kings 3:3](../03/03.md).
9:10 lvi6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The dogs will eat Jezebel 0 This means that the dogs will eat her dead body. Alternate translation: “Dogs will eat the dead body of Jezebel”
9:11 g6by You know the man and the kinds of things he says 0 Jehu says that he is a young prophet and they all are familiar with the kinds of things young prophets generally say. Alternate translation: “You know what kinds of things young prophets like him say”
9:12 vtu9 Tell us 0 Alternate translation: “Tell us what he said”
9:12 hqz3 He said this and that to me 0 Alternate translation: “He talked about some things”
9:13 zdb5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit took off his outer garment and put it under Jehu 0 In this culture, putting clothing on the ground was a way of honoring the king, so that his feet would not touch the dirty ground. Alternate translation: “took off their outer clothes and put them in front of Jehu for him to walk on”
9:13 ex32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche They blew the trumpet and said 0 Not every man blew a trumpet. It is likely only one man blew a trumpet. Alternate translation: “One of them blew the trumpet and they all said”
9:14 hv9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nimshi 0 Translate the name of this man the same as you did in [2 Kings 9:2](../09/02.md).
9:14 s5nw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now Joram 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells background information about how Joram was wounded and went to recover in Jezreel.
9:14 pd6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche all Israel 0 These refers only to the Israelite army and not to everyone who lives in Israel. Alternate translation: “he and his army” or “he and the Israelite army”
9:14 w256 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hazael 0 Translate the name of this man the same as you did in [2 Kings 8:8](../08/08.md).
9:15 lga8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive to be healed of 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to recover from”
9:15 py61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the wounds that the Arameans had given him 0 This means that he was wounded in battle with the Arameans. Alternate translation: “wounds that Joram got during the battle with the Aramean army”
9:15 v2kz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche against Hazael king of Aram 0 This refers to Hazael and his army. Alternate translation: “against Hazael king of Aram and his army”
9:15 tk4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit If this is your opinion 0 “If you are in agreement with me” Jehu uses this phrase to refer to if people are supportive of him being king and of his decisions. Alternate translation: “If you truly want me to be your king”
9:15 a8i6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in order to go tell this news in Jezreel 0 This refers to telling Joram and his army of Jehu’s plans. Alternate translation: “to warn king Joram and his army in Jezreel”
9:16 w7v3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now Ahaziah 0 The word “now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells background information about Ahaziah visiting Joram.
9:18 v71n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What have you to do with peace? 0 Jehu uses this rhetorical question to tell the messenger that it is none of his concern if he comes in peace or not. Alternate translation: “It is not your concern if I have come in peace!” or “It is not for you to know if I have come in peace!”
9:18 a578 The messenger has met them, but he is not coming back 0 The watchman told King Joram that the man he sent out is not coming back with a reply to the king’s question.
9:19 pk6m Then he sent out a second man on horseback, who came to them 0 Alternate translation: “Then king Joram sent a second messenger riding a horse, who went out to meet Jehu and his army”
9:19 c4nc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal a second man 0 Joram had already sent one man. This was the next. Alternate translation: “another man”
9:19 rg7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What have you to do with peace? 0 Jehu uses this rhetorical question to tell the messenger that it is none of his concern if he comes in peace or not. See how you translated this question in [2 Kings 9:18](../09/18.md). Alternate translation: “It is not your concern if I have come in peace!” or “It is not for you to know if I have come in peace!”
9:20 dp92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive For the way that the chariot is being driven is the way that Jehu son of Nimshi drives 0 This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Because the driver of the chariot drives the same way that Jehu son of Nimshi drives”
9:21 q3cn rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Naboth 0 This is the name of a man.
9:21 byn3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jezreelite 0 This refers to a person from Jezreel.
9:22 uds6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What peace is there, when the idolatrous acts of prostitution and witchcraft of your mother Jezebel are so many? 0 Jehu uses this rhetorical question to state why he is not coming in peace. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “There can be no peace as long as your mother Jezebel practices and promotes so much idolatry in the form of prostitution and witchcraft.”
9:24 cdj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he sank down in his chariot 0 Joram died from being shot with arrow. Alternate translation: “Joram fell down dead in his chariot”
9:25 w6pd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Bidkar 0 This is the name of a man.
9:25 t4d7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit after Ahab his father 0 This means that they rode in the chariot behind Ahab’s chariot. Alternate translation: “behind his father Ahab’s chariot”
9:26 a9nj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will surely make you pay for it 0 This means that he will punish Ahab as he deserves for the evil he has done. Alternate translation: “I will give you what you deserve for the evil you have done”
9:27 yl6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Haggan … Gur … Ibleam … Megiddo 0 These are the names of places.
9:27 z7k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive at the ascent of Gur 0 The word “ascent” means that they were going up hill while travelling on the road to Gur. Alternate translation: “on the road leading up to Gur”
9:29 dnx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in the eleventh year of Joram son of Ahab 0 This describes the time that Ahaziah began to reign by stating how long the current king of Israel had reigned. Alternate translation: “in the eleventh year that Joram son of Ahab was king of Israel”
9:29 j1he rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal eleventh year 0 “11th year”
9:31 fcb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are you coming in peace, you Zimri, your master’s murderer? 0 Jezebel uses this rhetorical question to accuse Jehu of not coming peacefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are certainly not coming in peace, you Zimri, your master’s murderer!”
9:31 p3ch rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you Zimri, your master’s murderer 0 Here Jezebel calls Jehu “Zimri” to say that he is a murderer. Zimri was a commander of the army of Israel who murdered the king of Israel because he wanted to be king. Alternate translation: “you murdered your master, just like Zimri murdered his master”
9:31 z2ve rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zimri 0 This is the name of a man.
9:32 pup7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Who is on my side 0 To “be on someone’s side” means to be loyal to them and supportive of them. Alternate translation: “Who is loyal to me”
9:33 fj4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism So they threw Jezebel down 0 The eunuchs threw Jezebel out of the high window and she died when she hit the ground.
9:33 ip8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Jehu trampled her underfoot 0 This means that he drove his horses over her body. Alternate translation: “Jehu’s horses that were pulling his chariot trampled her body under their feet”
9:34 p8vf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom See now to 0 The phrase “see now to” means to give your attention to whatever is specified. Alternate translation: “Now go to”
9:34 dj2x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit for she is a king’s daughter 0 Since Jezebel was the daughter of a king, it was necessary to bury her properly. Alternate translation: “because she is a king’s daughter and therefore should be buried properly”
9:36 pqz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the Tishbite 0 This refers to someone from the city of Tishbe. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 1:3](../01/03.md).
9:37 kim4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile the body of Jezebel will be like dung on the surface of the fields … so that no one will be able to say 0 This speaks of the pieces of Jezebel’s body being scattered in the field as if they were dung spread in the field. Since the pieces of her body were so small and spread out there was nothing that could be collected and buried. Alternate translation: “the pieces of Jezebel’s body will be scattered like dung in the fields … so that no one will be able to recognize them and say”
9:37 xj6d dung 0 manure, specifically dung used as a fertilizer
9:37 ayb5 so that no one will be able to say, “This is Jezebel.” 0 Alternate translation: “so that no one will be able to recognize her body.” or “so no one will be able to tell this was Jezebel.”
10:intro abca 0 # 2 Kings 10 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\nGod’s prophecy against the family of Ahab was fulfilled. Jehu killed all of Ahab’s descendants and all the worshipers of Baal. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]])
10:1 bud2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Jehu wrote letters and sent them to Samaria 0 This means that Jehu sent a messenger to deliver the letters. Alternate translation: “Jehu wrote letters and sent a messenger to deliver them in Samaria”
10:3 fdt6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy set him on his father’s throne 0 Here, sitting on the king’s throne means to be appointed as king. Alternate translation: “make him king in his father’s place”
10:3 x59q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche for your master’s royal line 0 “your master’s descendants.” Here the man that they selected to be king is referred to as Ahab’s royal line of descendants. Alternate translation: “to defend your master’s descendant” or “to defend him”
10:4 m1vq But they were terrified 0 Alternate translation: “Then they were very afraid”
10:4 h24j the two kings 0 Alternate translation: “two kings, Joram and Ahaziah”
10:4 lh37 could not stand before Jehu 0 Here “stand” means to be able to endure under trouble. Alternate translation: “could not endure against Jehu” or “could not resist Jehu”
10:4 ymj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion So how can we stand? 0 The descendants use the rhetorical question to imply that they cannot stand against Jehu. Alternate translation: “We cannot stand against him either!” or “We cannot resist him either!”
10:5 imx5 the man who was over the city 0 Here to be “over” something means to have authority and responsibility over it. Alternate translation: “the man who was in charge of the city”
10:5 r52c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they who raised the children 0 This refers to the people who raised the king’s children. Alternate translation: “they who raised the king’s children”
10:5 h9q4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Do what is good in your eyes 0 Here Jehu’s “eyes” refer to his “sight.” His “sight” refers to what he thinks. Alternate translation: “Do what you judge to be right” or “Do whatever you think is the best”
10:6 sb9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal wrote a letter the second time to them 0 Joram had written one letter. This was the next. Alternate translation: “again wrote a letter to them” or “wrote another letter to them”
10:6 c3rg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom on my side 0 To “be on someone’s side” means to be loyal to them and supportive of them. Alternate translation: “loyal to me”
10:6 hjr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to my voice 0 Here Jehu’s “voice” refer to what he says. Alternate translation: “to what I say”
10:6 hij4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit you must take the heads … and come to me 0 It is implied that they are to bring the heads of the Ahab’s descendant and present them to Jehu. Alternate translation: “you must take the heads … and bring them to me”
10:6 v7id rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism you must take the heads of the men of your master’s descendants 0 This refers to killing them and removing their heads. Alternate translation: “kill your master’s descendants and cut off their heads”
10:6 qps2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy in number 0 “70 in number”
10:6 xl7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom who were bringing them up 0 This means that they were supervising them and teaching them. Alternate translation: “who were raising them” or “who were supervising them”
10:7 dj3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy sent them to Jehu 0 This means that they sent people to deliver the baskets to Jehu. Alternate translation: “sent people to take them to Jehu”
10:9 k9nc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit You are innocent 0 It can be stated clearly what they were innocent of. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “You are innocent of what happened to Joram” or (2) this means that they are not held responsible for the deaths of Joram’s family. Alternate translation: “You are innocent of what happened to Joram and his family” or “You are innocent of this matter”
10:9 apq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion but who killed all these? 0 Jehu uses a rhetorical question to cause the people to think deeply about the situation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “but the men of Samaria are responsible for killing Ahab’s 70 descendants” or (2) Alternate translation: “but it was Yahweh’s will for these men to die”
10:10 qm1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor no part of Yahweh’s word … will fall to the ground 0 This speaks of everything happening that Yahweh has said will happen as if it were something that did not die and fall to the ground. Alternate translation: “No part of Yahweh’s word … will fail” or “every part of Yahweh’s word … will happen”
10:10 dxa2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh has done 0 This speaks of Yahweh causing Ahab’s descendants to be killed as if he killed them himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has caused to happen”
10:11 q6ub rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy So Jehu killed all … and his priests 0 Jehu did not kill all of these people personally, rather he commanded for them to be killed. Alternate translation: “So Jehu commanded for all … to be killed” or “So Jehu commanded for all … to die”
10:11 m7rb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism until none of them remained 0 This means that they had all been killed. Alternate translation: “until all of them had been killed” or “until all of them were dead”
10:12 s861 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Eked of the shepherd 0 This was the name of a place where sheep were sheared.
10:14 rz36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Take them alive 0 This means to capture them, but not to kill them. Alternate translation: “Seize them” or “Capture them”
10:15 hcx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jehonadab son of Recab 0 This is the name of a man.
10:15 fmq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Is your heart with me, as my heart is with yours? & “It is.” 0 Here a person’s “heart” refers to their loyality. If a person’s loyalty is “with someone,” it means that they are loyal to that person. Alternate translation: “Will you be loyal to me, as I will be loyal to you? … ‘I will.’” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
10:15 xmz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction If it is, give me your hand 0 “If so, put your hand in mine” or “If so, let us shake hands” In many cultures, when two people shake hands, it confirms their agreement.
10:16 rl1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns see my zeal 0 The word “zeal” may be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “see how zealous I am”
10:17 st48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive just as was told them before by the word of Yahweh, which he had spoken to Elijah 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to fulfill the prophecy that Elijah had spoken, which Yahweh gave to him”
10:19 r6m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Whoever does not come will not live 0 This means that if they do not come they will be executed. Alternate translation: “We will execute anyone who does not come”
10:20 h3ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Set a time 0 This means to designate and prepare a period of time for something. In this case they were to prepare for an assembly for Baal. Alternate translation: “Prepare”
10:21 g86v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Then Jehu sent 0 This means that he sent messengers to take this message throughout the land. Alternate translation: “Then Jehu sent messengers” or “Then Jehu sent the message”
10:21 sj5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives so that there was not a man left who did not come 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “so that every worshiper of Baal was there” or “so that every man came”
10:21 uy4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it was filled 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they filled it”
10:22 d5j3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom who kept the priest’s wardrobe 0 Here “to keep” something means to care for it and oversee it. Alternate translation: “who was in charge of the priest’s wardrobe” or “who cared for the priest’s wardrobe”
10:24 qp6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy If any of the men whom I bring into your hands escapes 0 Here the “hands” of the men refer to their “control.” By being stationed around the temple they were in control of the situation and it was up to them whether people were able to escape or not. Alternate translation: “If any of these men that I brought into your control escapes” or “If any of the men that are inside gets away”
10:24 vh3i whoever lets that man escape, his life will be taken for the life of the one who escaped 0 Alternate translation: “we will kill the man who let him escape”
10:24 tel9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive his life will be taken 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This is a polite way to refer to a person being killed. Alternate translation: “we will take his life” or “we will kill him”
10:24 e792 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for the life of the one 0 “in exchange for the life of the man.” Here this man is referred to by his “life” to emphasize that he did not die. Alternate translation: “for the man”
10:25 qf9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he said to the guard and to the captains 0 You may need to state that Jehu came out of the temple before he spoke to the guard. Alternate translation: “he went back outside of the temple of Baal and said to the guards and captains”
10:25 t2x5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche with the edge of the sword 0 The men used swords to kill the worshipers of Baal. This phrase refers to their swords. Alternate translation: “with their swords”
10:25 pcm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit threw them out 0 This means that threw the dead bodies of the people out of the temple. Alternate translation: “threw their dead bodies out of the temple”
10:27 g8xj made it a latrine 0 “made it a public toilet” A latrine is a bathroom, or a toilet area, usually for a camp or buildings used to house soldiers.
10:27 zr1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom which it is to this day 0 This means that something has remained in a certain condition until the present time. Alternate translation: “and since then it has always been that way”
10:29 b11b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor did not leave the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat 0 This speaks of Jehu committing the same sins that Jeroboam committed, as if Jeroboam’s sins were a place that Jehu did not leave. Alternate translation: “did not stop committing the kinds of sins that Jeroboam son of Nebat had committed”
10:29 yas2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nebat 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Kings 3:3](../03/03.md).
10:30 qe59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was right in my eyes 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what I judge to be right” or “what I consider to be right”
10:30 v6lk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Ahab 0 Here Ahab’s “house” refers to his “family.” Alternate translation: “the family of Ahab”
10:30 ufu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all that was in my heart 0 Here the “heart” represents “desire.” Alternate translation: “all that I desired for you to do” or “all that I wanted you to do”
10:30 t8ua rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy sit on the throne 0 Sitting on the throne represents ruling as king. Alternate translation: “be the kings”
10:30 e1jz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal to the fourth generation 0 This refers to his son, grandson, great-grandson, and great-great-grandson. Alternate translation: “to the 4th generation” or “for four more generations”
10:31 t6dt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Jehu took no care to walk in the law of Yahweh 0 Here “walking” refers to “living.” Alternate translation: “Jehu was not careful to live according to the law of Yahweh”
10:31 k8mn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with all his heart 0 Here the “heart” refers to a person’s will and desire. Alternate translation: “in everything that he did” or “with all of his will”
10:31 dsa7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom He did not turn away from the sins of Jeroboam 0 To “turn away” from something means to stop doing it. Alternate translation: “Jehu did not stop from sinning in the same ways as Jeroboam”
10:32 nr1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Hazael defeated 0 Here “Hazael” refers to himself and his army. Alternate translation: “Hazael and his army” or “King Hazael’s Aramean army”
10:32 ar6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hazael 0 See how you translated this king’s name in [2 Kings 8:8](../08/08.md).
10:33 ef2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Aroer … Bashan 0 These are all names of places.
10:33 u9im rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the Arnon 0 “the Arnon River” This is the name of a river.
10:34 dhn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? 0 This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/18.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the history of the kings of Israel.”
10:35 ka9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism Jehu slept with his ancestors, and they buried him in Samaria 0 This means that Jehu died. This speaks of him being buried where his ancestors were buried as if he were sleeping with them. Alternate translation: “Jehu died and they buried him in Samaria, where they had also buried his ancestors” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:35 g2qi rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jehoahaz 0 This is the name of a man.
10:36 m23h The time that Jehu reigned over Israel in Samaria was twenty-eight years 0 Alternate translation: “Jehu reigned over Israel in Samaria for twenty-eight years”
11:intro abcb 0 # 2 Kings 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter is the beginning of the story of the spiritual revival in Judah under Joash. The people returned to properly worshiping Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Athaliah’s evil actions\nThe mother of the king of Judah, Athaliah, killed all the royal children so that she could rule. She was not able to kill the baby Joash because his aunt hid him in the temple. When Joash was seven years old, the chief priest conspired with the army and made Joash king. They killed Athaliah and destroyed the temple of Baal. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
11:1 vmz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit she arose and killed all the royal children 0 Athaliah did not personally kill the children. Alternate translation: “she commanded her servants to kill all the members of Ahaziah’s family who might become king”
11:2 e2rn took Joash son of Ahaziah, and hid him away from among the king’s sons who were killed, along with his nurse; she put them into a bedroom. They hid him from Athaliah so that he was not killed. 0 Alternate translation: “took Ahaziah’s very young son Joash and hid him and his nursemaid in a bedroom in the temple. So he was not killed”
11:3 x9bc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive He remained with her six years, hidden in the house of Yahweh, while Athaliah reigned over the land 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joash and Jehosheba hid him in the house of Yahweh for six years while Athaliah ruled the land”
11:3 sm9g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy land 0 This is a metonym for the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “people of Judah”
11:4 qlj7 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThis continues the story of what happens after Joash, the son of King Azahiah, was hidden in the temple after all King Azahiah’s other descendants were killed.
11:4 lft4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers In the seventh year 0 “In the seventh year of Athaliah’s reign” or “In year 7 of Athaliah’s reign”
11:4 n18c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jehoiada 0 the high priest
11:4 f6wi rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers the commanders of hundreds 0 The phrases “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. This could mean: (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions”
11:7 z17v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit for the king 0 They were to keep watch for the purpose of protecting the king from harm. Alternate translation: “in order to protect King Joash”
11:8 jp1k Whoever enters within your ranks 0 “Anyone who tries to go past you while you are protecting King Joash.” A rank refers to a line of soldiers.
11:8 d88v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive let him be killed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must kill him”
11:8 ck5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism You must stay with the king when he goes out, and when he comes in 0 These two opposite things are a merism that refers to everything the king does. Alternate translation: “You must stay near the king at all times”
11:9 ry72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers the commanders of hundreds 0 The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. This could mean: (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md).
11:9 duu3 Each one 0 Alternate translation: “Each commander”
11:10 jsa1 were in the house of Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “were stored in the temple”
11:11 tzd5 from the right side of the temple to the left side, near the altar and the temple 0 Some versions translate the first two occurrences of “temple” as “palace.” These versions say, “from the right side of the palace to the left side of the palace, near the altar and the temple.”
11:12 bh8m brought out the king’s son Joash 0 Jehoiada, the high priest, brought king Ahaziah’s son, Joash, out from the temple apartment where he had been raised in hiding.
11:12 i4yu gave him the covenant decrees 0 Alternate translation: “presented him with the book of the law”
11:12 z9x3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction anointed him 0 The priest poured olive oil on the head of Joash as a symbol that he was now the king. Alternate translation: “poured some olive oil on Joash’s head”
11:15 y8gb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers the commanders of hundreds 0 The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. This could mean: (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md).
11:15 i3h1 Bring her out between the ranks 0 “Take her away between two rows of guards” or “Lead her away with a row of soldiers on each side of her.” Ranks are lines or rows of soldiers.
11:15 f3f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Anyone who follows her 0 It is implied that a person who followed her would be trying to help her. Alternate translation: “Anyone who follows to try to rescue her”
11:16 x4a6 they seized her as she reached the place where the horses enter the palace grounds 0 Some versions translate this as “the guards seized her and took her to the palace, to the place where horses enter the courtyard.”
11:17 uxx6 also between the king and the people 0 Alternate translation: “also made a covenant between the king and the people”
11:18 qgd8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole all the people of the land 0 This is a generalization to show that a large group of people tore down the temple of Baal. Alternate translation: “a large number of the people of the land”
11:19 u1k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers the commanders of hundreds 0 The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. This could mean: (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md).
11:19 yh95 Carites 0 This is the name of a particular group of the royal guards.
11:19 j4wu brought down the king from the house of Yahweh and they went into the king’s house 0 Alternate translation: “brought the king from the temple to the palace”
11:20 hz2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole all the people of the land rejoiced 0 This is a generalization. It is possible that some did not rejoice. Alternate translation: “many people in the land rejoiced”
12:intro abcc 0 # 2 Kings 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter is the end of the story of the revival in Judah under Joash.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Temple\n\nJoash repaired the temple. In many ways, the temple represents the relationship between the people and Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
12:2 ef2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was right in the eyes of Yahweh 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh judges to be right” or “what Yahweh considers to be right”
12:3 wpe8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive But the high places were not taken away 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But the people did not destroy the high places”
12:3 u656 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The people still sacrificed and burned incense on the high places 0 Yawheh forbid the people to worship at these place. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The people continued to go to places that were unacceptable to Yahweh, to make sacrifices and burn incense”
12:4 spc4 the money that is brought in as sacred offerings into the house of Yahweh 0 This refers to money that people gave to support the temple. This money came in three forms that are described in the rest of the sentence.
12:6 zsi3 by the twenty-third year of King Joash 0 Alternate translation: “when Joash had been king for twenty three years”
12:7 pm11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why have you not repaired anything in the temple? 0 Joash asks this question to rebuke the priests. Alternate translation: “You should have been repairing the temple!”
12:9 fa63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the money that was brought 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the money that people brought”
12:11 ldg6 who took care of the temple 0 Alternate translation: “who repaired the temple”
12:11 stw3 carpenters 0 people who build and repair things made of wood
12:12 ccn6 masons 0 people who build with stone
12:12 l79i stonecutters 0 people who cut stones into the correct size and shape
12:12 nj3x for buying timber and cutting stone 0 Alternate translation: “to buy wood and to cut stone”
12:12 azk6 for all that was needed to be paid to repair it 0 Alternate translation: “to pay for all of the needed repairs”
12:13 v3c8 did not pay to make for it any 0 Alternate translation: “was not spent to pay for any of the temple’s”
12:13 al8w silver cups, lamp trimmers, basins, trumpets, or any gold or silver furnishing 0 These are items that would have been used by the priests for various temple tasks, such as sacrifices or festivals.
12:15 yl27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they did not require the money paid for repairs to be accounted for by the men who received it and paid it to the workmen 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they did not require the men who received the money and paid the workmen for the repairs to account for the money”
12:16 frz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the money for the guilt offerings and the money for the sin offerings was not brought into the temple of Yahweh 0 It is implied that this money was not used for the repairs. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they did not use the money from the guilt offerings and the sin offerings to pay for the repairs to the temple of Yahweh” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:17 lxs4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Hazael king of Aram attacked … Hazael then turned to attack 0 This refers to Hazael’s army as well as to Hazael. Alternate translation: “Hazael king of Aram and his army attacked … Then they turned to attack”
12:17 h8n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hazael 0 This is the name of the king of the country of Syria.
12:18 g6qu set apart 0 Alternate translation: “dedicated”
12:18 uqk6 the gold that was found in the storerooms 0 Alternate translation: “the gold that was stored in the storerooms”
12:18 yc4i Then Hazael went away from Jerusalem 0 The gifts Joash gave Hazael convinced him not to attack Jerusalem. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “So Hazael stopped attacking Jerusalem and left”
12:19 vzj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? 0 This question is used to remind the reader that these things are recorded. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the history of the kings of Judah.”
12:20 bpc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Silla 0 The location of this place is unknown.
12:21 a67i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jozabad … Shimeath … Jehozabad … Shomer … Amaziah 0 These are names of men.
13:intro abcd 0 # 2 Kings 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis is the last chapter about Elisha.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Elisha’s death\nThe king of Israel is upset when Elisha is dying. Elisha assures him that he will have three victories over Aram.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nThe king compares the protection that Elisha had given Israel to “The chariot of Israel and the horsemen.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:1 x3b7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers In the twenty-third year of Joash son of Ahaziah king of Judah 0 “After Joash had been ruling Judah for almost 23 years”
13:2 a5vp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil”
13:2 r613 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Jehoahaz did not turn away from them 0 Here stopping his sin is spoken of as if he turned away from them. This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Jehoahaz did not stop doing the sins of Jeroboam” or “Jehoahaz continued to do the same sins as Jeroboam”
13:3 sii1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel 0 Yahweh becoming angry with Israel is spoken of as if his anger was a fire that burned. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh became very angry with Israel”
13:3 u4tp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy gave them continually into the hand of Hazael king of Aram and into the hand of Ben Hadad son of Hazael 0 Here “them” refers to Israel and “hand” refers to the power to control them. Alternate translation: “allowed Hazael the king of Aram, and Ben Hadad, his son, to repeatedly defeat the Israelites in battle”
13:4 gh67 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָאָה֙ אֶת־לַ֣חַץ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּֽי־לָחַ֥ץ אֹתָ֖ם מֶ֥לֶךְ אֲרָֽם 1 You could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “the king of Aram was oppressing them.” Alternate translation: “he saw how severely the king of Aram was oppressing Israel”
13:5 lp9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy they escaped from the hand of the Arameans 0 Here “hand” refers to the power to control them. Alternate translation: “he enabled them to be free from Aram’s power”
13:6 jts3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they did not depart from the sins of the house of Jeroboam 0 To stop sinning is spoken of as if they departed from the sins. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Israel did not stop doing the same sins as Jeroboam had done” or “Israel continued to commit the same sins as Jeroboam had committed”
13:7 rn9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile made them like the chaff at threshing time 0 The Aramean army had so severely defeated the army of Israel that what remained was so worthless that it is compared to wheat chaff that the laborers walk on at harvest time. Alternate translation: “had crushed them as workers crush chaff under their feet at harvest time”
13:8 pi49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? 0 This question is used to remind the reader that the acts of Jehoahaz are recorded in another book. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/18.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.”
13:9 kb13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism slept with his ancestors 0 This is a polite way of saying that he died.
13:10 dwi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers In the thirty-seventh year of Joash king of Judah 0 “After Joash had ruled Judah for almost 37 years”
13:10 j1vy the reign of Jehoash son of Jehoahaz began over Israel in Samaria 0 Alternate translation: “Jehoash son of Jehoahaz began to rule over Israel in Samaria”
13:10 l84r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jehoash 0 This was a king of Israel who was the son of Jehoahaz.
13:11 sa6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 Here “sight” represents God’s thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “He did things that Yahweh considers to be evil”
13:11 ird8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He did not leave behind any of the sins of Jeroboam 0 To stop sinning is spoken of as if he left behind the sins. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Jehoash did not stop committing the same sins as Jeroboam” or “Jehoash kept committing the same sins as Jeroboam”
13:11 jsm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor but he walked in them 0 To sin is spoken of as if he was walking along a sinful path. Alternate translation: “but Jehoash continued to do these same sins”
13:12 h7yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his might by which he fought against Amaziah king of Judah 0 Here the strength of Jehoash’s army is spoken of as Jehoash’s “might.” Alternate translation: “the power that his army showed when they fought against the army of Amaziah king of Judah”
13:12 u7z4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? 0 This question is used to remind the reader that the acts of Jehoahaz are recorded in another book. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/18.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.”
13:13 q8g6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism Jehoash slept with his ancestors 0 This a polite way to say that Jehoash died.
13:13 il21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Jeroboam sat on his throne 0 Here “sat on his throne” refers to ruling as king. Alternate translation: “Jeroboam became king after him” or “Jeroboam began to rule after him”
13:14 r8bv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the chariots of Israel and the horsemen are taking you away 0 This is a reference to Elijah going to heaven in [2 Kings 2:11](../02/11.md) and [2 Kings 2:12](../02/12.md). Joash uses this phrase to say that Elisha was going to die. Alternate translation: “the chariots of Israel and the horsemen are taking you to heaven”
13:14 tj6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the horsemen 0 This refers to the men who drove the chariots. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the drivers of the chariots”
13:17 dd2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit so he opened it 0 Since this happens after Joash takes the bow and arrows, he may have had a servant open the window. Alternate translation: “So a servant opened it”
13:17 lul1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit This is Yahweh’s arrow of victory, the arrow of victory over Aram 0 The relationship between the arrow and victory can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “This arrow is a sign from Yahweh that he will give you victory over Aram” or “This arrow symbolizes the victory Yahweh will give you over Aram”
13:17 gh9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Aphek 0 This was a city in the land of Israel.
13:20 jpb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now 0 This word marks a break in the main story line. This new section gives background information for the part of the story that follows.
13:21 c2yj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they saw a group of Moabites 0 It can be made explicit that they were afraid of the Moabites. Alternate translation: “they saw a group of Moabite raiders coming toward them and they were afraid”
13:21 u91l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit As soon as the man touched Elisha’s bones 0 Here “the man” refers to his dead body. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “As soon as the dead man’s body touched the bones of Elisha”
13:21 xm7e he revived and stood up on his feet 0 Alternate translation: “the dead man came back to life and stood up”
13:23 xdv2 But Yahweh was gracious to Israel, and had compassion on them and concern for them 0 It may be helpful to divide this sentence into shorter parts. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh was very kind to the Israelite people. He helped them”
13:23 rh9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit So Yahweh did not destroy them 0 Yahweh’s covenant is the reason he did not destroy Israel. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “This is the reason that Yahweh did not destroy them” or “Because of his covenant, Yahweh did not destroy them”
13:23 w4jq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor has not driven them away from his presence 0 Yahweh’s rejection is spoken of as if he had physically driven Israel away from where he was. Alternate translation: “has not rejected them”
13:24 pn16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hazael … Ben Hadad 0 These are names of kings.
13:25 kwm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jehoash … Jehoahaz 0 These are names of kings.
13:25 zz2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Jehoash attacked him three times 0 Here “Jehoash” and “him” refer to the kings and their armies. Alternate translation: “Jehoash’s army attacked Ben Hadad’s army three times”
13:25 v9pk he recovered those cities of Israel 0 Alternate translation: “Jehoash took back control of the Israelite cities that Ben Hadad had captured”
14:intro abce 0 # 2 Kings 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe text begins to alternate between the kingdoms of Israel and Judah again.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Pride\n\nPride in one’s success can make a person attempt and fail at something else. Amaziah defeated Edom so he wanted to fight Israel. But Israel defeated him and thoroughly humiliated him.
14:1 bnk5 In the second year of Jehoash son of Jehoahaz, king of Israel 0 Alternate translation: “When Jehoash son of Jehoahaz had been king of Israel for almost two years”
14:1 nnl6 Amaziah son of Joash, king of Judah, began to reign 0 Alternate translation: “Amaziah son of Joash, became the king of Judah”
14:3 s1dn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh, yet not like David his father 0 Here “the eyes of Yahweh” refers to his sight, and his sight refers to his judgment. Alternate translation: “Amaziah did many things that pleased Yahweh, but he did not do as many things that pleased Yahweh as King David had done”
14:3 u7ik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit He did everything that Joash, his father, had done 0 Joash obeyed Yahweh and did good things. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “He did the same good things that his father Joash had done”
14:4 uy97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive But the high places were not taken away 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The high places were used for pagan worship. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “But he did not remove the high places”
14:4 jkh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit sacrificed and burned incense at the high places 0 The high places were used for pagan worship. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “sacrificed and burned incense to pagan gods at the high places”
14:5 l8qk rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent It came about 0 This is used to introduce a new event.
14:5 d25b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive as soon as his rule was well established 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “as soon as Amaziah securely established his royal rule and kingly authority”
14:5 cd1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he killed the servants 0 Amaziah probably ordered other people to kill the officials. Alternate translation: “he made his servants execute the officials”
14:6 f6e7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Yet he did not put the sons of the murderers to death 0 King Amaziah did not order his servants to kill the children of the men who killed his father. If he was going to have them executed though, he would have commanded his servants do it, he would not have done it himself. Alternate translation: “But he did not tell his servants to execute those officials’ children”
14:6 xz2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The fathers must not be put to death for their children, neither must the children be put to death for their parents 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People must not kill the fathers for the sins of their children, and they must not kill the children for the sins of their parents”
14:6 i2xx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive every person must be put to death for his own sin 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “every person must die for his own sin”
14:7 s7bx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche He killed 0 Here “He” refers to his army. Alternate translation: “Amaziah’s army killed” or “Amaziah’s soldiers killed”
14:7 ivl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers ten thousand soldiers 0 “10,000 soldiers”
14:7 p37c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche he also took Sela in war 0 Here the word “he” refers to King amaziah and represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “King Amaziah’s army captured the city of Sela”
14:7 n6i2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Sela … Joktheel 0 They renamed the city of Sela. The new name was Joktheel.
14:8 wa4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Then Amaziah sent messengers to Jehoash son of Jehoahaz son of Jehu king of Israel, saying, “Come, let us meet each other face to face in battle.” 0 Here “each other” also included their armies. Alternate translation: “Then Amaziah sent messengers to King Jehoash of Israel, saying, ‘Come here and let us and our armies fight each other in battle.’”
14:9 c44n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A thistle that was in Lebanon … trampled down the thistle 0 This is a word picture and a riddle. A cedar tree is great and a thistle is small and worthless. Jehoash compares himself to the cedar and Amaziah to the thistle and warns Amaziah not to attack. If you have a similar comparison in your own language, you can use it.
14:9 thw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations saying, ‘Give your daughter to my son for a wife,’ 0 This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “asking the cedar to give his daughter to the thistle’s son for a wife”
14:10 y8jc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom your heart has lifted you up 0 This is an idiom that refers to being proud. Alternate translation: “you are very proud of what you have done”
14:10 ik12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion for why should you cause yourself trouble and fall 0 Jehoash uses this question to warn Amaziah not to attack him. Alternate translation: “for you should not cause trouble for yourself and suffer defeat”
14:11 tc12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy But Amaziah would not listen 0 Here “listen” refers to obeying the warning. Alternate translation: “However, Amaziah would not obey Jehoash’s warning”
14:11 dxk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche So Jehoash king of Israel attacked … Amaziah king of Judah met each other 0 The armies of these kings went to battle with them. Alternate translation: “So Jehoash and his army went to fight Amaziah and his army and they met each other”
14:11 tea6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Shemesh 0 This is a town in Judah near the border of Israel.
14:12 iqd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Judah was defeated by Israel 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Israel defeated Judah”
14:13 r9xl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche He came 0 Here “He” refers to Jehoash and his army. Alternate translation: “Jehoash and his army came … Jehoash’s soldiers took”
14:13 y4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ephraim Gate … Corner Gate 0 There are the names of gates in the wall of Jerusalem.
14:13 vqd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers four hundred cubits 0 “about 180 meters”
14:13 b9as rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance cubits 0 A cubit was about 46 centimeters.
14:14 phn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche He took 0 Here “He” refers to Jehoash and his army. Alternate translation: “Jehoash and his army came … Jehoash’s soldiers took”
14:14 x427 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit with hostages also, and returned to Samaria 0 This implies that Jehoash needed to take these hostages to prevent Amaziah from attacking again. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and they also took to Samaria some prisoners to make sure that Amaziah would cause them no more trouble”
14:15 t4dy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? 0 This question is used to remind the reader that the acts of Jehoahaz are recorded in another book. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/18.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.”
14:16 vt46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism Then Jehoash slept with his ancestors 0 This is a polite way to say that he died. Alternate translation: “Then Jehoash died”
14:18 xq4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? 0 This question is used to remind the reader that these things are recorded. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the history of the kings of Judah.”
14:19 y5yc They made a conspiracy against Amaziah in Jerusalem 0 A conspiracy is a secret plan to do harm to someone or something. Alternate translation: “Some people in Jerusalem plotted against Amaziah”
14:21 rm6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole All the people of Judah took Azariah, who was sixteen years old, and made him king in place of his father Amaziah 0 This is a generalization. Some people may not have wanted him to be king. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah took the 16 year-old Azariah and made him king after his father, Amaziah”
14:22 f5zb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche It was Azariah who rebuilt Elath 0 Azariah did not do this alone. Alternate translation: “It was Azariah who ordered Elath to be rebuilt” or “It was Azariah who supervised the rebuilding of Elath”
14:22 j6in rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Elath 0 a city in Judah
14:23 yl7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers In the fifteenth year of Amaziah 0 “In year 15 of Amaziah”
14:23 b29p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty-one years 0 “41 years”
14:24 w3y6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 Here “sight” is a metaphor for judging or considering. Alternate translation: “evil according to Yahweh” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil”
14:24 ic6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He did not depart from any of the sins of Jeroboam 0 To stop sinning is spoken of as leaving a path. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “He did not stop committing the same sins as Jeroboam” or “He continued to commit the same sins as Jeroboam”
14:25 n18g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy He restored the border 0 This means his army restored the land up to the border. Alternate translation: “His soldiers conquered again some of the territory that had previously belonged to Israel”
14:25 i4vs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Lebo Hamath 0 This city was also called Hamath.
14:26 fux4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor it was very bitter 0 Suffering that was difficult is spoken of as if it had a bitter taste. Alternate translation: “it was very difficult”
14:27 lz2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor blot out 0 To completely destroy Israel is spoken of as if Yahweh wiped them away with a cloth. Alternate translation: “completely destroy”
14:27 v5n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the name of Israel 0 Here “the name of Israel” represents all of Israel and its inhabitants. Alternate translation: “the Israelite people”
14:27 tjk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he saved them by the hand of Jeroboam son of Jehoash 0 Here “hand” is a metonym for power. Also, “Jehoash” is a synecdoche representing Jehoash and his army. Alternate translation: “he enabled King Jeroboam and his army to rescue them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
14:28 ka1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? 0 This question is used to remind the reader that the acts of Jehoahaz are recorded in another book. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/18.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.”
14:29 eq5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism Jeroboam slept with his ancestors, with the kings of Israel 0 This is a polite way to say that he died and was buried. Alternate translation: “Jeroboam died, and was buried where the other kings of Israel were buried”
15:intro abcf 0 # 2 Kings 15 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Israel’s evil\nIsrael assassinated one king after another. The Assyrians began attacking Israel. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
15:1 e5x2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit In the twenty-seventh year of Jeroboam 0 It can be stated clearly that this is the twenty-seventh year of his reign. Alternate translation: “In year 27 of the reign of Jeroboam” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
15:3 tc2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was right in the eyes of Yahweh 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what was right in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be right”
15:4 v4ck rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the high places were not taken away 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one took away the high places” or “Azariah did not have anyone take the high places away”
15:4 kum4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor were not taken away 0 Being taken away represents being destroyed. Alternate translation: “were not destroyed”
15:5 a3rs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns to the day of his death 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **death**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “die.” Alternate translation: “until the day he died”
15:5 gk1i Jotham, the king’s son, was over the household 0 The word “household” refers to the people living in the king’s palace. Because Azariah was a leper, he had to live in a separate house. So his son, Jotham, took charge over the palace.
15:5 pz41 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor was over the household 0 Being over the household represents having authority over those in it. Alternate translation: “was in charge of the household” or “had authority over those in Azariah’s palace”
15:6 i6ew rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion are they not written … Judah? 0 This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Azariah is in this other book. This can also be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written … Judah.” or “you can read about them … Judah.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
15:7 h3ex rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Azariah slept with his ancestors 0 Sleeping represents dying. Alternate translation: “Azariah died as his ancestors had” or “like his ancestors, Azariah died” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
15:7 xj9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor became king in his place 0 The phrase “in his place” is a metaphor meaning “instead of him.” Alternate translation: “became king instead of Azariah”
15:8 n87b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit In the thirty-eighth year of Azariah king of Judah 0 It can be stated clearly that this is the thirty-eighth year of his reign. Alternate translation: “In year 38 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
15:8 ndd5 Zechariah son of Jeroboam 0 This Jeroboam was the second king of Israel that had that name. He was the son of King Jehoash.
15:8 rx4x reigned over Israel in Samaria for six months 0 Samaria is the city that Zechariah lived in when he was king of Israel. Alternate translation: “lived in Samaria and reigned over Israel for six months”
15:9 chp9 He did what was evil 0 Alternate translation: “Zechariah did what was evil”
15:9 z35l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil”
15:9 s24j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat 0 Departing from sins represents refusing to do those sins. Alternate translation: “Zechariah did not refuse to commit the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat” or “He sinned as Jeroboam son of Nebat had sinned”
15:9 jf9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who had caused Israel to sin 0 Here the word “Israel” represents the people of the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “who had caused the people of Israel to sin”
15:10 p3db rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shallum … Jabesh 0 These are the names of two men.
15:11 rh7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you can read about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel”
15:12 e1b4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit This was the word of Yahweh 0 It can be stated clearly that the events described in verse 10 fulfilled the word of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “What happened to Zechariah was according to the word of Yahweh” or “What happened to Zechariah fulfilled the word of Yahweh”
15:12 x3sm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Your descendants will sit on the throne of Israel to the fourth generation 0 Sitting on the throne represents being the king. Alternate translation: “Your descendants will be the kings of Israel for four generations”
15:13 z5db rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in the thirty-ninth year of Azariah king of Judah 0 It can be stated clearly that this is the thirty-ninth year of his reign. Alternate translation: “in year 39 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
15:13 jep2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shallum … Jabesh 0 These are the names of two men. See how you translated these names in [2 Kings 15:10](../15/10.md).
15:13 wql8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he reigned only one month in Samaria 0 Samaria is the city that he lived in when was king of Israel. Alternate translation: “Shallum lived in Samaria and reigned over Israel for only one month”
15:14 y7eg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Menahem … Gadi 0 These are the names of two men.
15:14 tv6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor became king in his place 0 The phrase “in his place” is a metaphor meaning “instead of him.” Alternate translation: “became king instead of Shallum”
15:15 t6xd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the conspiracy that he formed 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **conspiracy**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “plan.” It can be stated clearly what this conspiracy was. Alternate translation: “how he planned to murder King Zechariah” or “and how he murdered King Zechariah”
15:15 nd96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you can read about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel”
15:16 pmb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tiphsah 0 This is the name of a city. Some versions have “Tappuah,” which is the name of another city.
15:17 wu8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit In the thirty-ninth year of Azariah king of Judah 0 It can be stated clearly that this is the thirty-ninth year of his reign. Alternate translation: “In year 39 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
15:18 pk5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil”
15:18 xfk1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns For his whole life 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **life**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “live.” Alternate translation: “The whole time that he lived”
15:18 y9u5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat 0 Departing from sins represents refusing to do those sins. Alternate translation: “Zechariah did not refuse to commit the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat” or “He sinned as Jeroboam son of Nebat had sinned”
15:18 pj1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who had caused Israel to sin 0 Here the word “Israel” represents the people of the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “who had caused the people of Israel to sin”
15:19 r6vc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Pul the king of Assyria came against the land 0 The phrase “Pul the king of Assyria” represents Pul and his army. Alternate translation: “Pul the king of Assyria came with his army against the land”
15:19 s53r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Pul the king of Assyria 0 Pul is the name of a man who was king of Assyria. He was also named Tiglath-Pileser.
15:19 wap9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom came against the land 0 The phrase “came against” is an idiom meaning to attack. “The land” refers to the land of Israel and represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “came with his army to attack the people of Israel” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15:19 s8m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers one thousand talents of silver 0 “1,000 talents of silver.” You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “thirty-three thousand kilograms of silver” or “thirty-three metric tons of silver” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
15:19 ft85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns so that Pul’s support might be with him 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **support**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “support.” Alternate translation: “so that Pul might support him”
15:19 wx2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to strengthen the kingdom of Israel in his hand 0 Having the kingdom in his hand represents ruling the kingdom. Alternate translation: “to strengthen his rule over the kingdom of Israel”
15:20 b1hv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney fifty shekels of silver 0 You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “six hundred grams of silver” or “three-fifths of a kilogram of silver”
15:21 w6zx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion are they not written … Israel? 0 This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Menahem is in this other book. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/18.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Israel.”
15:22 a3i4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Menahem slept with his ancestors 0 Sleeping represents dying. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 10:35](../10/35.md). Alternate translation: “Menahem died as his ancestors had” or “like his ancestors, Menahem died” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
15:22 l6tw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Pekahiah 0 This a man’s name.
15:22 axh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor became king in his place 0 The phrase “in his place” is a metaphor meaning “instead of him.” Alternate translation: “became king instead of Menahem”
15:23 c1p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit In the fiftieth year of Azariah king of Judah 0 It can be stated clearly that this is the fiftieth year of his reign. Alternate translation: “In year 50 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
15:23 w1fe rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Pekahiah 0 This is a man’s name.
15:24 yt2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil”
15:24 n1vt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He did not leave behind the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat 0 Leaving behind sins represents refusing to do those sins. Alternate translation: “Pekahiah did not refuse to commit the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat” or “He sinned as Jeroboam son of Nebat had sinned”
15:24 v24h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he had caused Israel to sin 0 Here the word “Israel” represents the people of the kingdom of Israel.
15:25 iu97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Pekah … Remaliah 0 These are men’s names.
15:25 lc6k the citadel of the king’s palace 0 Alternate translation: “the fortified part of the king’s palace” or “the safe place in the king’s palace”
15:25 qu35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor became king in his place 0 The phrase “in his place” is a metaphor meaning “instead of him.” Alternate translation: “became king instead of Pekahiah”
15:26 yea7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you can read about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel”
15:27 hh72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit In the fifty-second year of Azariah king of Judah 0 It can be stated clearly that this is the fifty-second year of his reign. Alternate translation: “In year 52 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
15:28 f2fs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil”
15:28 wpl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat 0 Departing from sins represents refusing to do those sins. Alternate translation: “Zechariah did not refuse to commit the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat” or “He sinned as Jeroboam son of Nebat had sinned”
15:29 q5s8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit In the days of Pekah king of Israel 0 It can be stated clearly that this refers to the time of Pekah’s reign. Alternate translation: “In the days of the reign of Pekah king of Israel” or “During the time that Pekah was king of Israel”
15:29 wj1u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tiglath-Pileser 0 In [2 Kings 15:19](../15/19.md) this man was called “Pul.”
15:29 fgz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ijon … Abel Beth Maacah … Janoah … Kedesh … Hazor … Gilead … Galilee … Naphtali 0 These are the names of cities or regions.
15:29 c6cs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche He carried away the people to Assyria 0 Here “He” refers to Tiglath-Pileser and represents him and his army. Carrying the people to Assyria represents forcing them to go to Assyria. Alternate translation: “He and his army forced the people to go to Assyria” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:29 d5la rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the people 0 It can be stated clearly which people these are. Alternate translation: “the people of those places” or “the people of Israel”
15:30 v22a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hoshea … Elah 0 These are men’s names.
15:30 d345 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor became king in his place 0 The phrase “in his place” is a metaphor meaning “instead of him.” Alternate translation: “became king instead of Pekah”
15:30 h8ux rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in the twentieth year of Jotham son of Uzziah 0 It can be stated clearly that this is the twentieth year of his reign. Alternate translation: “In year 20 of the reign of Jotham son of Uzziah” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
15:31 e8hz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you can read about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel”
15:32 l454 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit In the second year of Pekah son of Remaliah, king of Israel 0 It can be stated clearly that this is the second year of his reign. Alternate translation: “In year 2 of the reign of Pekah son of Remaliah, king of Israel” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
15:33 w1ag rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers He was twenty-five years old … sixteen years 0 “He was 25 years old … 16 years”
15:33 xz2x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jerushah 0 This is a woman’s name.
15:34 r4gi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was right in the eyes of Yahweh 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what was right in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be right”
15:35 nad3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the high places were not taken away 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one took away the high places” or “Jotham did not have anyone take the high places away”
15:35 y74d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor were not taken away 0 Being taken away represents being destroyed. Alternate translation: “were not destroyed”
15:35 mws8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Jotham built the upper gate 0 “Jotham built” represents Jotham making his workers build it. Alternate translation: “Jotham had his workers build the upper gate”
15:36 h17b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion are they not written … Judah? 0 This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Jotham is in this other book. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah.”
15:37 ct5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit In those days 0 This refers to a time period. What time period this refers to can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “During that time” or “While Jotham was king of Judah”
15:37 w42k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Rezin 0 This is a man’s name.
15:37 sx2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Pekah … Remaliah 0 These are men’s names. Pekah was the king of Israel. See how you translated them in [2 Kings 15:37](../15/37.md).
15:38 nar5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Jotham slept with his ancestors 0 Sleeping represents dying. Alternate translation: “Jotham died as his ancestors had” or “Like his ancestors, Jotham died” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
15:38 qj1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor became king in his place 0 The phrase “in his place” is a metaphor meaning “instead of him.” Alternate translation: “became king instead of Jotham”
16:intro abcg 0 # 2 Kings 16 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Ahaz\n\nAhaz was a wicked king. Israel and Aram united to fight against him, so he paid the Assyrian king to attack Aram. Assyria defeated the people of Aram and took them into captivity. The people were to trust in Yahweh and not rely on military alliances with other Gentile nations. This showed a lack of trust in the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
16:1 x9n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit In the seventeenth year of Pekah son of Remaliah 0 It can be stated clearly that this is the seventeenth year of his reign. Alternate translation: “In year 17 of the reign of Pekah son of Remaliah” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
16:1 ja6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Pekah … Remaliah 0 These are men’s names. Pekah was the king of Israel. See how you translated them in [2 Kings 15:25](../15/25.md).
16:2 rm3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was right in the eyes of Yahweh his God 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what was right in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh his God considers to be right”
16:3 a1c2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he walked in the way of the kings of Israel 0 Walking represents behavior and actions. Alternate translation: “King Ahaz acted the same way that the kings of Israel had acted” or “he did the things that the kings of Israel had done”
16:3 i9td rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor following the detestable practices of the nations 0 Here “following” represents doing what others do. Alternate translation: “copying the disgusting things that the other nations did, the nations”
16:3 k9uv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the nations 0 The word “nations” represents the people of other nations. Here it refers to the people of the nations who had lived in that land. Alternate translation: “the people of other nations”
16:3 ad1q which Yahweh had driven out 0 Alternate translation: “Drive out” means “force out.” Alternate translation: “which Yahweh had forced to leave”
16:3 q89d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit before the people of Israel 0 The people of those nations fled as the people of Israel moved into the land. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “before the people of Israel who moved into the land” or “as the people of Israel moved into the land”
16:4 nl1p the high places, on the hilltops, and under every green tree 0 These are places where the people of the other nations worshiped their false gods.
16:4 zjl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole under every green tree 0 God wanted his people to offer sacrifices to him in Jerusalem. The word “every” here is an exaggeration to show how determined King Ahaz was to disobey God by offering sacrifices in many other places instead. Alternate translation: “under many green trees” or “under many green trees around the country”
16:5 u3ts rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Rezin … Pekah … Remaliah 0 These are men’s names. See how you translated them in [2 Kings 15:37](../15/37.md).
16:5 hx16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche besieged Ahaz 0 Ahaz was in Jerusalem. Here “Ahaz” represents himself and the people who were in Jerusalem with him. Alternate translation: “surrounded the city with Ahaz in it” or “surrounded Ahaz and the others in the city with him”
16:6 ew5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy recovered Elath for Aram 0 Here “Aram” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “took back control of the city of Elath for the people of Aram”
16:6 axm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Elath 0 This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [2 Kings 14:22](../14/22.md).
16:7 x3by rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tiglath-Pileser 0 In [2 Kings 15:19](../15/19.md) this man was called “Pul.” See how you translated his name in [2 Kings 15:29](../15/29.md).
16:7 h92a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am your servant and your son 0 Being a servant and a son represents submitting to someone’s authority. Alternate translation: “I will obey you as if I were your servant or your son”
16:7 f7js rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the hand of the king of Aram and from the hand of the king of Israel 0 The hand is a metonym that represents power. Alternate translation: “from the power of the king of Aram and from the power of the king of Israel”
16:7 dh2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche who have attacked me 0 The kings attacking Ahaz represent the armies of those kings attacking Ahaz and his people. Alternate translation: “who have attacked me with their armies” or “whose armies have attacked me”
16:9 u25g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the king of Assyria went up against Damascus 0 The word “king” represents the king and his army. Also, Damascus represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the king of Assyria and his army attacked the people of Damascus” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:9 zd43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor carried off its people as prisoners to Kir 0 Carrying off the people represents forcing them to go away. Alternate translation: “made the people his prisoners and forced them to go to Kir”
16:9 dr4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kir 0 This could mean: (1) this is the name of a city or (2) this word means “city” and refers to the capital city of Assyria.
16:10 l6c6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the design for all the workmanship needed 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “all the instructions that the workers needed in order to build it”
16:13 jf6b 0 # General Information:\n\nThis is what King Ahaz did after he returned from Damascus and visited the new altar which Uriah the priest had built for him.
16:14 g4cd from the front of the temple … from between his altar and the temple of Yahweh 0 Both of these phrases tell where the bronze altar was. They refer to the same place.
16:15 cj8m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person the king’s burnt offering and his grain offering 0 When Ahaz said “the king” and “his,” he was referring to himself. The king treated his offerings as special. Alternate translation: “my burnt offering and my grain offering” or “the royal burnt offering and royal grain offering”
16:18 h1v3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit because of the king of Assyria 0 Why they did this can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “to please the king of Assyria”
16:19 wqa8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion are they not written … Judah? 0 This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Ahaz is in this other book. This can also be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah.” or “someone has written about them in The Book … Judah.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:20 c5rk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Ahaz slept with his ancestors 0 Sleeping represents dying. Alternate translation: “Ahaz died as his ancestors had” or “like his ancestors, Ahaz died” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
16:20 wbc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive was buried with his ancestors 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people buried him with his ancestors”
16:20 y1p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor became king in his place 0 The phrase “in his place” is a metaphor meaning “instead of him.” Alternate translation: “became king instead of Ahaz”
17:intro abch 0 # 2 Kings 17 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter ends the story about the kingdom of Israel and continues with Judah alone.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Idol worship\n\nIsrael continued to worship idols, so God punished them by allowing Assyria to conquer them and take them away. Assyria brought people from other lands and settled them in what used to be Israel’s territory and the new people worshiped their own gods in addition to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
17:1 b3fa rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Elah 0 This is the name of a man.
17:1 y37g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names He ruled in Samaria 0 Samaria was the capital city of Israel.
17:2 l76g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 He did not obey Yahweh’s laws as given to Moses. “In the sight of” is metaphor for judgment or opinion. Alternate translation: “evil to Yahweh”
17:3 rsa4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shalmaneser 0 This is the name of a man.
17:3 c29v Hoshea became his servant and brought him tribute 0 Hoshea did as the King of Assyria commanded and brought money to him so that the King would not destroy Israel.
17:6 ue2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy carried Israel away to Assyria 0 The name “Israel” is metonymy for the people living there. Alternate translation: “took the Israelite people to Assyria”
17:6 j5lr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Halah … Habor River … Gozan 0 These are the names of locations.
17:6 sgu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Medes 0 This is the name of a people group.
17:7 yaq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of 0 “Hand” is metonymy for control, authority or power. Alternate translation: “the control of”
17:8 zgq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor walking in the practices 0 “Walking” is metaphor for the ways or patterns of behavior people use in their lives. Alternate translation: “doing the activities”
17:10 ry45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole on every high hill and under every green tree 0 These are exaggerations to show that worship of false gods was widespread. Alternate translation: “on high hills and under green trees everywhere”
17:11 iv69 performed wicked things to provoke Yahweh to anger 0 Possible ways to render this: (1) “did many wicked things that caused Yahweh to become angry” or (2) “did many sinful things that made Yahweh angry”
17:12 um9h about which Yahweh had said to them 0 Alternate translation: “about which Yahweh had warned them”
17:17 vek9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor sold themselves to do that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 To “sell themselves” is a metaphor for committing completely to do that which was evil. Alternate translation: “committed themselves to do things that Yahweh said were evil”
17:18 x1zd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy removed them out of his sight 0 “Sight” is metonymy for being within the attention of Yahweh so he no longer cared for them. Alternate translation: “removed them from his attention”
17:19 cg6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Judah 0 The location “Judah” is metonymy for the people that live there. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah”
17:20 g1yc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy gave them into the hand of those who would take the possession as spoil 0 “Hand” is metonymy for control, power or authority. Alternate translation: “handed them over to those who robbed them of their property”
17:20 vab6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor until he had cast them out of his sight 0 “his sight” is metaphor for attention and caring. Alternate translation: “until he got rid of them all” or “until they were no longer in his presence”
17:21 f8vi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He tore Israel 0 “He tore” here is a metaphor for violent removal. Alternate translation: “Yahweh removed the people of Israel”
17:21 tq3s from the royal line of David 0 Alternate translation: “from the rule of David’s descendants”
17:21 czk6 drove Israel away from following Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “turned the people of Israel away from following Yahweh”
17:22 e5r7 they did not depart from them 0 Alternate translation: “the Israelites did not stop committing these sins” or “they did not turn away from those sins”
17:23 j42u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor so Yahweh removed Israel from his sight 0 “Sight” here is a metaphor for attention and care. Alternate translation: “so Yahweh removed the people of Israel from his attention and care”
17:24 f8bq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kuthah … Avva … Hamath … Sepharvaim 0 These are places in the Assyrian empire.
17:25 ka1w It happened at the beginning of their residence there that 0 Alternate translation: “When those people first lived there”
17:26 k4vb The nations that you have carried away and placed in the cities of Samaria 0 Alternate translation: “The people you have moved from other lands and sent to live in the cities of Samaria”
17:26 k3lc do not know the practices required by the god of the land 0 Alternate translation: “do not know how to worship the God that the Israelites worshiped in this land”
17:27 f22x Take one of the priests there whom you brought from there 0 Alternate translation: “Take a priest who came from Samaria back there”
17:27 cv65 let him teach them 0 Alternate translation: “let the Samaritan priest teach the people who are living there now”
17:31 ksc4 burned their children in the fire 0 Alternate translation: “sacrificed their own children” or “burned their children in fire as an offering”
17:32 uw4e They 0 This refers to the pagan people that the king of Assyria moved into the cities of Samaria.
17:34 z9z7 they persist in their old customs 0 Alternate translation: “they continue in the same habits as before”
17:34 t4ss They neither honor Yahweh 0 The people were only interested in appeasing Yahweh. They were either not interested or not aware Yahweh was interested in a relationship with them.
17:36 xf5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with great power and a raised arm 0 The phrase “raised arm” is metonymy for displaying power and means basically the same thing as “great power.” Alternate translation: “with very great power” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
17:40 j2h1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They would not listen 0 “Listen” here is a metaphor for paying attention and acting on the command. Alternate translation: “They did not obey”
18:intro abci 0 # 2 Kings 18 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the story of Hezekiah, one of the great kings of Judah (2 Kings 18 – 20). Because he was so important, there is more space dedicated to the history of his reign.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Trust in Yahweh\n\nHezekiah trusted and obeyed God. He stopped paying tribute to Assyria so the Assyrians invaded Judah. The Assyrian king told the people of Judah that resistance was useless. Despite this, Hezekiah trusted in the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
18:1 b49b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hoshea … Elah 0 These are the names of men.
18:2 u8q8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zechariah 0 These are the names of men.
18:2 zuh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abijah 0 This is the name of a woman.
18:3 asi6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh 0 “In the eyes” here is a metaphor for Yahweh’s attention and care. Alternate translation: “King Hezekiah did what was right to Yahweh” or “Hezekiah did things that Yahweh said are right”
18:4 qf1l He removed the high places, destroyed the stone pillars, and cut down the Asherah poles 0 Alternate translation: “Hezekiah removed the high places of worship, smashed into pieces the memorial stones, and cut down the wooden poles of Asherah”
18:4 rbd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nehushtan 0 This name could be translated “Bronze Serpent Idol.”
18:6 pl2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he held on to Yahweh 0 To “hold on” is metaphor for staying loyal and attached. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah stayed loyal to Yahweh” or “Hezekiah remained faithful to Yahweh”
18:11 g59s So the king of Assyria carried Israel away to Assyria 0 Alternate translation: “So the king of Assyria commanded his army to take the Israelites away from their homes, and he made them live in Assyria”
18:12 u5f8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the voice of Yahweh 0 “Voice” is metonymy for the message about the command of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the command of Yahweh”
18:13 n6yr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Sennacherib 0 This is the name of a man.
18:14 bt6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Lachish 0 This is the name of a city.
18:14 bdx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Withdraw from me 0 This expression assumes that “me” represents the kingdom of Hezekiah. Alternate translation: “Take your army out of my territory”
18:14 w755 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney talents 0 This is the name of type of weight that was used for money. One talent weighted about 33 kilograms.
18:15 w5qx treasuries 0 This was the place in the palace where money and valuable things were stored.
18:17 rw3n the king of Assyria mobilized his great army, sending Tartan and Rabsaris and the chief commander 0 Sennacherib sent a group of men from his army to Jerusalem to meet with King Hezekiah, including officials named Tartan and Rabsaris.
18:17 iz1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tartan … Rabsaris 0 Some Bibles translate these as proper names. Other versions of the Bible translate them as titles. Alternate translation: “the Tartan … the Rabsaris” or “the leader of the soldier … a court official”
18:17 hnu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Lachish 0 This is the name of a city.
18:18 f4ny rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Eliakim … Hilkiah … Shebna … Joah … Asaph 0 These are the names of men.
18:19 fj2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What is the source of your confidence? 0 The King of Assyria (through his messenger Rabshakeh) wants to make King Hezekiah doubt himself and Egypt’s support. He does not ask this question looking for an answer. Alternate translation: “You have no reason to think that you can defeat me.”
18:20 l4ks rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion In whom are you trusting, that you should rebel against me? 0 The King of Assyria (through his messenger Rabshakeh) wants to make King Hezekiah doubt himself and Egypt’s support. He does not ask this question looking for an answer. Alternate translation: “You cannot trust anyone to help you rebel against me.”
18:21 l67d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor walking stick of this bruised reed of Egypt 0 The King of Assyria compares Egypt to a weak walking stick; you expect that it will support you when you lean on it, but instead it breaks and cuts you. Alternate translation: “the weak support from Egypt”
18:21 vl81 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor but if a man leans … and pierce it 0 The speaker is extending the metaphor by describing what happens when a reed is used as a support. Alternate translation: “but if someone uses this for support, he will be injured”
18:22 vr43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion is not he the one whose high places … Jerusalem’? 0 This question assumes the listeners know the answer and is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “You need to remember that he is the one whose high places … Jerusalem’!”
18:24 pmx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How could you resist even one captain of the least of my master’s servants? 0 He asks this question to emphasize that the army of Hezekiah does not have the resources to fight. He also uses exaggeration to mock Hezekiah’s army. Alternate translation: This could mean: (1) “You could not defeat even one of the least of the king’s soldiers.” or (2) “You could not defeat a group of the king’s soldiers commanded by his least important officer.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
18:25 s1nk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have I traveled up here without Yahweh to fight against this place and destroy it? 0 He asks this question to emphasize that Yahweh is behind his success to obey the command to destroy Israel. Alternate translation: “Yahweh himself told us to come here and destroy this land!”
18:26 i5v3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Eliakim … Hilkiah … Shebnah … Joah 0 Translate the names of these men as in [2 Kings 18:18](../18/18.md).
18:26 t7mk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in the ears of the people who are on the wall 0 “In the ears” is metonymy for being able to listen. Alternate translation: “because the people standing on the city wall will hear it and be afraid”
18:27 kju3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Has my master sent me to your master and to you to speak these words? Has he not sent me to the men who sit on the wall, who will have to eat their own dung and drink their own urine with you? 0 He asks these questions assuming the listeners know the answers to emphasize their intention to destroy and humiliate the leaders and people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “My master sent me not only to you and your master, but also to speak to the people in this city, who will suffer with you when they have to eat their own dung and drink their own urine to survive.”
18:29 es79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from my power 0 “my power” is metonymy for the ability of the king himself. Alternate translation: “from me” or “from the power of my army”
18:30 x8a6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive this city will not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria 0 This can be expressed in an active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will never allow the king of Assyria’s army to take this city”
18:30 zg7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand 0 “Hand” is metonymy for control, authority and power.
18:31 e5tl Make peace with me and come out to me 0 Alternate translation: “Come out of the city and surrender to me” or “Make an agreement with me to surrender, and come out of the city to me”
18:31 c7we rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his own vine … his own fig tree … his own cistern 0 These sources of food and water are metaphors for security and plenty. This also was a common way of expressing this idea. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
18:32 hw3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a land of grain and new wine … bread and vineyards … olive trees and honey 0 These are metaphors for having good things and plenty in daily life.
18:33 yg4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Has any of the gods … Assyria? 0 He asks this question for emphasis because they know the answer. Alternate translation: “None the gods of the peoples have rescued them … Assyria.”
18:34 v6ap rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Where are the gods of … Arpad? 0 He asks this question for emphasis because they know the answer. Alternate translation: “I have destroyed the gods of … Arpad!”
18:34 vmd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hamath … Arpad … Sepharvaim … Hena … Ivvah … Samaria 0 These are the names of places that represent the people living there.
18:34 h7d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of my hand 0 “Hand” is metonymy for control, power, or authority. Alternate translation: “out from my control”
18:35 tq6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion is there any god who has rescued his land from my power? 0 He asks this question for emphasis because they know the answer. Alternate translation: “No god has rescued his land from my power.”
18:35 a9gn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from my power 0 “My power” is metonymy for the person whose has the power. Alternate translation: “from me”
18:35 pg2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How could Yahweh save Jerusalem from my might? 0 He asks this question for emphasis because they know the answer. Alternate translation: “There is no way Yahweh can save Jerusalem from my might!”
18:37 qv1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Eliakim … Shebna … Joah … Asaph 0 These are the names of men.
19:intro abcj 0 # 2 Kings 19 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe story of Hezekiah continues in this chapter.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### God’s power\nGod is in control of everything. God caused the Assyrian king to fail in conquering Jerusalem because he mocked God.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Idiom\n\n“The virgin daughter of Zion” here is an idiom meaning the people of Jerusalem. “The virgin daughter of Zion despises you and laughs you to scorn” means that “the people of Jerusalem know that Assyria will fail because they have mocked God.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:3 a7nz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the children have come to the time of birth, but there is no strength for them to be born 0 This is a metaphor to describe how the people and their leaders have become so weak and unable to fight the enemy.
19:4 dcy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor lift up your prayer 0 This a common way (an idiom) to use the action of lifting to metaphorically represent praying earnestly to Yahweh who is above us. Alternate translation: “pray earnestly” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:7 r6aq I will put a spirit in him, and he will hear a certain report and go back to his own land 0 Alternate translation: “I will control the attitude of the king of Assyria, so when he hears a report, he will want to return to his own country”
19:7 y85x I will put a spirit in him 0 “I will influence his thinking” or “I will cause him to think differently.” Here “spirit” probably refers to his attitude and thoughts, rather than to a spirit being.
19:7 h1aj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will cause him to fall by the sword 0 “Fall by the sword” is metonymy for being killed. Alternate translation: “I will cause him to die by the sword” or “I will cause some men to kill him with a sword”
19:10 rv7t Do not let your God in whom you trust deceive you, saying 0 Alternate translation: “Do not believe your God in whom you trust. He is lying when he says”
19:10 rl75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of the king of Assyria 0 “Hand” is metonymy for control, authority or power. Alternate translation: “the control of the government of Assyria”
19:11 yi6z See, you have heard 0 “Notice, you have heard” or “You have certainly heard.” Here “see” was used to draw attention to what he was about to say next.
19:11 rg7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion So will you be rescued? 0 Sennacharib used this question to emphasize that God will not be able to rescue them. Alternate translation: “Your God will not rescue you!” or “You will not be able to escape either!”
19:12 t2qt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have the gods of the nations rescued them, the nations … destroyed: Gozan … Assar? 0 This question assumes Hezekiah knows the answer and provides emphasis. Alternate translation: “The gods of the nations, the nations … destroyed—Gozan … Assar—certainly did not rescue them!”
19:15 tj35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit you who sit above the cherubim 0 You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh’s footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate translation: “you who sit on your throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant”
19:16 ww68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Turn your ear, Yahweh, and listen. Open your eyes, Yahweh, and see 0 Both of these sentences urge Yahweh to pay attention to the things that Sennacherib is saying.
19:16 l4xg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet Turn your ear, Yahweh, and listen 0 The words “Turn your ear” and “listen” mean the same thing and add emphasis to the plea. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, please listen to what he is saying”
19:16 ts43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet Open your eyes, Yahweh, and see 0 The words “Open your eyes” and “see” mean the same thing and add emphasis to the plea. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, please pay attention to what is happening”
19:21 x6cw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The virgin daughter of Zion 0 “Virgin daughter” here is a metaphor for the people of Jerusalem as if they are young, vibrant and beautiful. The term “daughter” was used to give personal characteristics to cities by some biblical writers. Alternate translation: “The beautiful people of Jerusalem” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
19:21 rt7t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism The virgin daughter of Zion despises you and laughs you to scorn. The daughter of Jerusalem shakes her head at you. 0 Both of these sentences intend to give the same meaning.
19:21 nn9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The daughter of Jerusalem 0 “Daughter” is metaphor for the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “The people of the city of Jerusalem”
19:21 m7lx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor shakes her head at you 0 This action is a metaphor to represent disdain at the pride of the Assyrians. Alternate translation: “scorns you”
19:22 j2sr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Whom have you defied and insulted? Against whom have you exalted your voice and lifted up your eyes in pride? Against the Holy One of Israel! 0 Yahweh uses rhetorical questions to rebuke Sennacherib. Alternate translation: “You have defied and insulted me! You have exalted your voice and lifted up your eyes in pride against me, the Holy One of Israel!”
19:22 xs5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy lifted up your eyes in pride 0 “lifted up your eyes in pride” is metonymy for a haughty or arrogant facial expression. Alternate translation: “looked at very proudly”
19:23 fz73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I have gone up … I will cut down … I will enter 0 These boasts made by Sennacherib could only be fulfilled by his army. The pronoun “I” represents him and his army.
19:24 q99y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole I dried up all the rivers of Egypt under the soles of my feet. 0 This is a boast that Sennacherib has so many soldiers that their feet dry up the water when they cross a river. This is an exaggeration to emphasize the great number of soldiers he has. Alternate translation: “And by marching through the streams of Egypt, we dried them all up!”
19:25 r3ai rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you not heard how … times? 0 To make the point strongly this question assumes the listener knows the answer. Alternate translation: “Surely you know how … times.”
19:26 cp3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor plants in the field, green grass 0 This metaphor compares the weak victims of the Assyrian advance to fragile plants. Alternate translation: “as frail as plants and grass in the fields” or “as weak as shallow rooted plants”
19:26 u3mn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the grass on the roof or in the field, burned before it has grown up 0 This continues the metaphor comparing the weak victims of the Assyrian advance to fragile plants in difficult conditions for growing fully. Alternate translation: “like grass before it has matured” or “like grass before it has grown tall”
19:28 sm7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy because your arrogance has reached my ears 0 “Ears” are metonymy for listening or hearing. Alternate translation: “because I have heard your proud words”
19:28 m3jm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will put my hook in your nose, and my bit in your mouth 0 A “hook” and a “bit” (to control a horse) are metaphors for Yahweh’s control of Sennacherib. Alternate translation: “I will lead you like an animal”
19:28 c2rz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will turn you back the way you came 0 That Sennacherib will return home before he can conquer Jerusalem can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will make you return to your own country the same way you came, without conquering Jerusalem”
19:30 gtq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The remnant of the house of Judah that survives will again take root and bear fruit 0 This metaphor compares restoration of the remnant to plantings that take hold and produce results. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah who remain alive will restore their lives and prosperity” or “The people who remain in Judah will prosper and have many children”
19:32 q83i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nThis is the end of the message from Yahweh, spoken through the prophet Isaiah to King Hezekiah. It uses parallelism throughout.
19:32 l47x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy nor shoot an arrow here 0 “Arrow” is metonymy representing all tools of warfare and destruction. Alternate translation: “nor do any fighting here”
19:32 u923 or build up a siege ramp against it 0 Alternate translation: “and they will not even build up high mounds of earth against the city wall to enable them to attack the city”
19:33 r75c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
19:34 pa6n for my own sake and for my servant David’s sake 0 Alternate translation: “for the sake of my own reputation and because of what I promised to King David, who served me well”
19:35 n87u It came about 0 Alternate translation: “It happened”
20:intro abck 0 # 2 Kings 20 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter finishes the story of Hezekiah.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Hezekiah’s additional time\nGod hears the distressed call of his faithful believers. Hezekiah was dying but when he prayed, God gave him 15 more years of life. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])
20:1 dhm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Set your house in order 0 “House” is metonymy for what was under Hezekiah’s control. Alternate translation: “Give final instructions to your household and government”
20:3 y2ay rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom call to mind 0 This is a common way of speaking, an idiom, urging Yahweh to remember. Alternate translation: “remember”
20:3 vts1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom walked 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “lived my life”
20:3 mv7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor good in your sight 0 Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your judgment”
20:4 ad2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the word of Yahweh came 0 “Word” represents the message Yahweh revealed to Isaiah. This is a common way of speaking, an idiom. Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke his word” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:5 j5zi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism I have heard your prayer, and I have seen your tears 0 The second part reinforces the first part to make one message by using parallelism. Alternate translation: “I have heard your prayers and seen your tears”
20:5 jaq6 on the third day 0 Alternate translation: “two days from now” The day Isaiah said this was the first day, so “the third day” would be the same as “two days from now.”
20:6 p9us rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers fifteen years 0 15 years
20:6 tej9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the hand of the king of Assyria 0 “Hand” is metonymy for power, authority and control. Alternate translation: “from the control of the king of Assyria”
20:9 kr84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Shall the shadow go forward ten steps, or go back ten steps? 0 The source of “the shadow” can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Do you want Yahweh to make the shadow caused by the sunlight on the stairway to go forward ten steps or to go back ten steps?”
20:9 wf56 ten steps 0 This expression refers to the “stairway of Ahaz” in [2 Kings 20:11](../20/11.md). This was probably a special stairway built for King Ahaz in such a way that its steps marked the hours of daylight as the sun’s rays advanced along them. In this way, the staircase served to tell the time during the day.
20:10 tm24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit It is an easy thing for the shadow to go forward ten steps 0 Why “it is an easy thing” can be stated clearly. “It is easy to cause the shadow to move forward ten steps, because that is the normal thing for it to do”
20:11 n148 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the stairway of Ahaz 0 This was probably a special stairway built for King Ahaz in such a way that its steps marked the hours of daylight as the sun’s rays advanced along them. In this way, the staircase served to tell the time during the day. Alternate translation: “the steps that had been built for King Ahaz”
20:12 q3u5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Marduk-Baladan … Baladan 0 These are the names of the king of Babylon and his son.
20:13 zgg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives There was nothing in his house, nor in all his kingdom, that Hezekiah did not show them 0 Here “There was nothing … did not show them” is an exaggeration used for emphasis. It means Hezekiah showed them all of his most valuable things. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah showed him absolutely everything valuable in his house and in all his kingdom” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
20:15 fkx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole They have seen everything in my house. There is nothing among my valuable things that I have not shown them 0 Hezekiah repeats the same idea in two ways to emphasize his point. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
20:15 mau7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives There is nothing among my valuable things that I have not shown them 0 “Nothing” and “not” cancel each other out to make the idea positive. This exaggeration is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “I showed them absolutely every one of my valuable things”
20:16 yw6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit So Isaiah said to Hezekiah 0 Why Isaiah spoke can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “So, because Isaiah knew Hezekiah had been foolish to show the men all his valuable things, Isaiah said to him”
20:16 nu7p the word of Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “the message of Yahweh”
20:17 wr4s Look, the days are about to come when 0 “Listen to me, someday there will come a time when”; “Look” is used to draw attention to what Isaiah is about to tell Hezekiah.
20:19 jej2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will there not be peace and stability in my days? 0 Hezekiah asks this question for emphasis knowing the answer already. Alternate translation: “I can be sure that there will be peace and stability in my days.”
20:20 v69i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? 0 This question is used to remind the reader that these things are recorded. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the history of the kings of Judah.”
21:intro abcl 0 # 2 Kings 21 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### God’s judgment\nGod judges sin. When Manasseh worshiped idols and did many evil things, God said he would cause Judah to be destroyed by its enemies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Simile\n\n“I will wipe Jerusalem clean, as a man wipes a dish, wiping it and turning it upside down” means “God would completely destroy Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
21:1 cuc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hephzibah 0 The mother of King Manasseh
21:2 k3ux rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil”
21:3 i746 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he rebuilt the high places … he built altars for Baal, made an Asherah pole 0 Manasseh would have commanded his workers to do the building for him. Alternate translation: “he had the high places rebuilt … he had altars built for Baal, had an Asherah pole made” or “he had his workers rebuild the high places … he had them build altars for Baal, make an Asherah pole”
21:4 tf5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy It is in Jerusalem that my name will be forever 0 The name is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem is where I will forever make known who I am”
21:5 lm3d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit He built altars for all the stars of heaven in the two courtyards of the house of Yahweh 0 It is implied that he built these altars so people could make sacrifices and worship the stars. Also, he would not have built these altars himself, rather he would have commanded his workers to do it. Alternate translation: “He had his workers build altars in the two courtyards of the house of Yahweh so that the people could worship the stars and offer them sacrifices” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:6 nlv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit He caused his son to pass through the fire 0 You may need to make explicit why he caused his son be put into the fire and what happened after he did so. Alternate translation: “He burned his son to death as an offering to his gods”
21:6 p47l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor much evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “many things that were evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “many things that Yahweh considers to be evil”
21:7 sss9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy that he had made 0 Manasseh probably did not do the work. His servants would have done the work. Alternate translation: “that Manasseh had ordered his servants to make”
21:7 p35n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy that I will put my name forever 0 Here Yahweh putting his “name” on the temple represents him designating it as the place to worship him. Alternate translation: “where I want people to worship me forever”
21:8 ysn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the feet of Israel 0 The feet are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” or “the Israelites”
21:9 g14q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy even more than the nations that Yahweh had destroyed before the people of Israel 0 Here “nations” refers to the people who had lived in the land of Canaan before the Israelites had arrived. Alternate translation: “even more than the people whom Yahweh had destroyed as the people of Israel advanced through the land”
21:13 j6kz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor stretch over Jerusalem the measuring line used against Samaria, and the plumb line used against the house of Ahab 0 The words “measuring line” and “plumb line” are metaphors for the standards Yahweh uses to judge people. Alternate translation: “judge Jerusalem using the same measure I used when I judged Samaria and the house of Ahab”
21:13 vp2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy against Samaria 0 Samaria is the capital city and it represents all the people of the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “against the people of Israel”
21:14 nm49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche give them into the hand of their enemies 0 Here the “hand” of the enemies refers to their enemies’ control. Alternate translation: “let their enemies defeat them and take over their land”
21:16 f4ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Manasseh shed much innocent blood 0 The words “shed much innocent blood” are a metonym for killing people violently. It might be best to translate this so the reader understands that other people helped Manasseh do this. Alternate translation: “Manasseh ordered his soldiers to kill many innocent people”
21:16 sx9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole he had filled Jerusalem from one end to another with death 0 This hyperbole emphasizes the great number of people Manasseh had killed throughout Jerusalem. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **death**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “dead people.” Alternate translation: “there were very many dead people throughout Jerusalem” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
21:16 ff48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil”
21:17 ce1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive are they not written … Judah? 0 This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written … Judah.” or “you can find them … Judah.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
21:18 i542 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism slept with his ancestors and 0 This is a polite way of saying he “died, as his ancestors had, and”
21:18 rhh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the garden of Uzza 0 This could mean: (1) “the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza” or (2) “Uzza Garden.”
21:18 b29b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Amon 0 This is a man’s name
21:19 np3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Amon … Haruz 0 These are names of men.
21:19 wqq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Meshullemeth 0 This is the name of a woman.
21:19 qwh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jotbah 0 This is the name of a city.
21:20 xn3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil”
21:21 hks2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor followed in all the way that his father had walked in 0 “walked in all the ways that his father walked in.” The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “lived completely the way his father had lived”
21:24 pwu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole the people of the land 0 This is a generalization. Alternate translation: “some of the people in Judah”
21:25 zcb6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive are they not written … Judah? 0 This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written … Judah.” or “you can find them … Judah.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
21:26 zpi6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the garden of Uzza 0 This could mean: (1) “the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza” or (2) “Uzza Garden.” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 21:18](../21/18.md).
22:intro abcm 0 # 2 Kings 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe next two chapters (2 Kings 22–23) tell about the spiritual revival under King Josiah. A revival occurs when the people begin to worship Yahweh properly again. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### The law\n\nThe priests found a copy of the law in the temple and took it to the king. He was upset because the people had disobeyed the law so badly. Josiah asked God about it. God said that he would destroy Judah for these sins but not in Josiah’s lifetime, since he humbled himself and wanted to do better. Many scholars believe this was a copy of the book of Deuteronomy. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
22:1 gp47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers thirty-one years 0 “31 years”
22:1 ne6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jedidah 0 This is the name of a woman.
22:1 wgp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Adaiah 0 This is the name of a man.
22:1 vv8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Bozkath 0 This is the name of a town in Judah.
22:2 q688 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh 0 Here “eyes” represents Yahweh’s thoughts or what he considered about something. Alternate translation: “He did what Yahweh considered to be right” or “He did what was right according to Yahweh”
22:2 ly8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He walked in all the way of David his ancestor 0 “He walked in all the ways of David his ancestor” Josiah behaving as David did is spoken of as if he walked on the same road or way as David. Alternate translation: “He lived the way David his ancestor had lived” or “He followed the example of David his ancestor”
22:2 n1m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he did not turn away either to the right or to the left 0 To fully obey Yahweh is spoken of as if a person were on the correct road and never turned from it. Alternate translation: “he did not do anything that would displease Yahweh” or “he fully obeyed all the laws of Yahweh”
22:4 alb5 Go up to Hilkiah 0 The phrase “Go up” is used because Yahweh’s temple was higher in elevation than where King Josiah was located. Alternate translation: “Go to Hilkiah”
22:4 dub3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hilkiah 0 This is a man’s name.
22:4 sf26 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that has been brought into the house of Yahweh, which the temple guards have gathered from the people 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the temple guards who gathered the money from the people brought into the temple of Yahweh”
22:5 xuv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Let it be given into the hand of the workmen 0 Here “hand” represents the workmen as a whole. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Tell Hilkiah to give the money to the workmen” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:6 i313 Let them give money 0 Here “them” refers to the workmen who are in charge of the house of Yahweh in [2 Kings 22:5](../22/05.md).
22:6 r9kj the carpenters, the builders, and the masons 0 These are the same as the workmen who are in the house of Yahweh in [2 Kings 22:5](../22/05.md). Here the workers are described in more detail.
22:6 j71y carpenters 0 workers who build with wood
22:7 ieq6 was given to them … because they handled 0 Here “them” and “they” refer to the workmen who are in charge of the house of Yahweh in [2 Kings 22:5](../22/05.md).
22:7 hkm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive no accounting was required for the money that was given to them 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the workmen who were in charge did not have to report how they used the money that the temple guards gave them”
22:8 n1xt the book of the law 0 Most likely these laws were written on a scroll. A scroll was a type of book made of one long, rolled-up sheet of papyrus or leather.
22:9 xt1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche given it into the hand of the workmen 0 Here “hand” represents the workmen as a whole. Alternate translation: “given it to the workmen”
22:11 nye3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy had heard the words of the law 0 Here “words” represents the message of the law. Alternate translation: “had heard the laws that were written in the book” or “had heard the laws that were written in the scroll”
22:11 d65n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction he tore his clothes 0 This is a symbolic action that indicates intense grief or sadness.
22:12 qm31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahikam … Shaphan … Akbor … Micaiah … Asaiah 0 These are names of men.
22:13 xl33 Go and consult with Yahweh 0 It is made clear in 22:14 that the king means for the men to go to the prophetess of Yahweh to determine Yahweh’s will.
22:13 r823 consult 0 to go to someone to ask for advice
22:13 u6an rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the words of this book that has been found 0 Here “words” represents the laws. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the laws in this book that Hilkiah has found” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:13 u2jp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For great is the anger of Yahweh that has been kindled against us 0 Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that was lit. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is very angry with us”
22:13 e5fi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive all that was written concerning us 0 This refers to the law that was given to Israel. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all that Moses wrote in the law that we should do” or “all the laws that God gave through Moses to the people of Israel”
22:14 hj95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Huldah 0 This is a woman’s name.
22:14 lc23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shallum … Tikvah … Harhas 0 These are men’s names.
22:14 fia7 keeper of the wardrobe 0 This could mean: (1) the person who took care of the clothing that priests wore in the temple or (2) the person who took care of the king’s clothing.
22:14 at8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit she lived in Jerusalem in the second quarter 0 Here “second quarter” refers to the new part of the city that was built on the north side of Jerusalem. Also, “second” is the ordinal form of 2. Alternate translation: “she lived in Jerusalem in the new part of the city” or “she lived in the new part of Jerusalem” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
22:16 y4st rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will bring disaster to this place and to its inhabitants 0 Yahweh causing terrible things to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that he could bring to a place. Alternate translation: “I will cause terrible things to happen to this place and to those who live there”
22:16 p6qx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche to this place 0 “to Jerusalem.” This refers to the city of Jerusalem which represents the whole land of Judah. Alternate translation: “to Judah”
22:17 syg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my anger has been kindled against this place, and it will not be extinguished 0 Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that was lit. Alternate translation: “my anger against this place is like a fire that cannot be put out”
22:17 c75r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy this place 0 Here “place” represents the people who live in Jerusalem and Judah. Alternate translation: “these people”
22:18 a12h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy About the words that you heard 0 Here “words” represents the message that Huldah just spoke. Alternate translation: “About the message that you heard”
22:19 cu8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy because your heart was tender 0 Here “heart” represents a person’s inner being. Feeling sorry is spoken of as if the heart were tender. Alternate translation: “because you felt sorry” or “because you repented” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:19 ef3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns that they would become a desolation and a curse 0 The abstract nouns “desolation” and “curse” can be stated as an adjective and a verb. Alternate translation: “that I would make the land desolate and would curse them”
22:19 tca8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction torn your clothes 0 This is a symbolic action that indicates intense grief or sadness.
22:19 u682 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 19:33](../19/33.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
22:20 cn5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism See, I will gather you to your ancestors, and you will be gathered to your grave in peace 0 Both statements mean basically the same thing. They are polite ways of saying he will die. Alternate translation: “So I will allow you to die and be buried peacefully” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
22:20 qgs2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Your eyes will not see 0 Here “will not see” represents not experiencing something. Alternate translation: “You will not experience”
22:20 mc6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Your eyes 0 Here “eyes” represents the whole person.
22:20 j2cn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the disaster that I will bring upon this place 0 Yahweh causing terrible things to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that Yahweh would bring to a place. Alternate translation: “the terrible things I will cause to happen in this place”
23:intro abcn 0 # 2 Kings 23 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe story of Josiah ends in this chapter.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Ending idolatry\n\nJosiah destroyed idolatry in Judah and in the deserted areas of Israel. But he fought against Egypt and was killed in battle. After his death, Egypt set up a government of Judah that it controlled.
23:2 yx5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem 0 This is a generalization. Alternate translation: “many other people”
23:2 bw8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism from small to great 0 This merism includes everyone in between. Alternate translation: “from the least important to the most important”
23:2 wxs2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that had been found 0 In [2 Kings 22:8](../22/08.md) it states that Hilkiah found the book. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that Hilkiah had found” or “that they had found”
23:3 lg2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor walk after Yahweh 0 The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path, and “to walk after” someone is a metonym for doing what that other person does or wants others to do. Alternate translation: “live obeying Yahweh” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
23:3 v7nf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet his commandments, his regulations, and his statutes 0 These words all share similar meanings. Together they emphasize everything that Yahweh had commanded in the law.
23:3 jl5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom with all his heart and all his soul 0 The idiom “with all his heart” means “completely” and “with all his soul” means “with all his being.” These two phrases have similar meanings. Alternate translation: “with all his being” or “with all his energy” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
23:3 lb9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that were written in this book 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that this book contained”
23:3 ecz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom stand by the covenant 0 This idiom means to “obey the terms of the covenant.”
23:4 i5uk for Baal … for all the stars 0 Alternate translation: “so people could use them to worship Baal … so people could use them to worship all the stars”
23:4 vje6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy He burned … and carried 0 The word “he” refers to Josiah. He would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “he had them burn them … and carry them”
23:4 qsq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kidron Valley … Bethel 0 names of places
23:5 i5fz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy He got rid 0 The word “He” refers to Josiah. He would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “He had them get rid”
23:5 p31g to Baal, to the sun and the moon, to the planets, and to all the stars 0 Alternate translation: “as a way to worship Baal, the sun and the moon, the planets, and all the stars”
23:6 ueh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy He brought out … and burned it … He beat it … and threw 0 The word “he” refers to Josiah. He would have commanded his workers to do these things. Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “He had them bring out … and burn it … He had them beat it … and throw”
23:7 vc4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy He cleared 0 The word “He” refers to Josiah. He would have commanded his workers to do these things. Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “He had them clear”
23:8 rlc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Josiah brought … and defiled … He destroyed 0 Josiah would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “He commanded them to bring … and to defile … He had them destroy”
23:8 uxq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Geba … Beersheba 0 names of places
23:8 y8lj Joshua (the city governor) 0 “the city ruler named Joshua” or “the city leader named Joshua.” This is a different Joshua from the Joshua in the Old Testament Book of Joshua.
23:9 j64s their brothers 0 Here “brothers” refers to their fellow priests who served at the temple.
23:10 dx37 cause his son or his daughter to pass through the fire as a sacrifice to Molech 0 Alternate translation: “put his son or his daughter in the fire and burn them as an offering to Molech”
23:11 x7tv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit He took away 0 It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, perhaps Hilkiah and “the priests under him” ([2 Kings 23:4](../23/04.md)), might have helped Josiah do this.
23:11 vq7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy had given to the sun 0 Here “given” represents being dedicated for worship. Alternate translation: “had used to worship the sun”
23:11 b1bh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nathan-Melek 0 a man’s name
23:12 ct7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Josiah the king destroyed … Josiah smashed … and threw 0 Josiah would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “Josiah the king commanded them to destroy … He had them smash … had them throw”
23:12 xs4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the kings of Judah had made … Manasseh had made 0 Manasseh and the kings of Judah probably commanded their workers to make these things. Alternate translation: “the kings of Judah had their workers make … Manasseh had his workers make”
23:12 dwd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kidron Valley 0 place name. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 23:4](../23/04.md).
23:13 d24c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The king ruined 0 Josiah would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “He had them ruin … He had them break … they filled”
23:13 uf9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Solomon the king of Israel had built 0 Solomon would have commanded his workers to do these things. Alternate translation: “Solomon the king of Israel had his workers build”
23:14 wk4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy He broke … he filled 0 Josiah would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “He had them break … they filled”
23:14 kaf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit filled those places with the bones of human beings 0 “covered the ground with human bones so people could not use it as a shrine anymore”
23:15 q6gc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Josiah also completely destroyed … He also burned … and beat … He also burned 0 It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, perhaps Hilkiah and “the priests under him” ([2 Kings 23:4](../23/04.md)), might have helped Josiah do these things.
23:19 fe2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Josiah removed … He did 0 It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, perhaps Hilkiah and “the priests under him” ([2 Kings 23:4](../23/04.md)), might have helped Josiah do these things.
23:19 q3bs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the kings of Israel had made 0 It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, probably the kings’ workers, might have helped the kings make these things.
23:20 i9c6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit He slaughtered … he burned 0 It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, perhaps Hilkiah and “the priests under him” ([2 Kings 23:4](../23/04.md)), might have helped Josiah do these things.
23:20 ub7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he burned human bones on them 0 You may need to make explicit why he burned the bones. “he burned human bones on them so no one would use them again”
23:22 rbl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Such a Passover celebration had never been held from the days of 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Israel had not celebrated the Passover festival in such a great way in the time of”
23:22 qy57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ruled Israel 0 The name “Israel” is a metonym for “the descendants of Israel.”
23:22 m8ft the days of the kings of Israel or Judah 0 Alternate translation: “the time when the people of Israel had their own king and the people of Judah had their own king”
23:23 elp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive this Passover of Yahweh was celebrated 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah celebrated this Passover of Yahweh”
23:24 lu65 those who talked with the dead or with spirits 0 See how you translated “those who talked with the dead and … those who talked with spirits,” in [2 Kings 21:6](../21/06.md).
23:24 b9hr fetishes 0 things that people wrongly believe have special power
23:25 tg6s who turned to Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “who gave himself completely to Yahweh”
23:25 evf3 Nor did any king like Josiah arise after him 0 Alternate translation: “And since then there has never been a king who was like Josiah”
23:26 p9h5 Nevertheless 0 The writer uses this word to show that even though all of these things that Josiah did were good, Yahweh was still angry with Judah.
23:26 cls6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh did not turn away from the burning of his fierce anger, which burned against 0 Fire is a metaphor for anger, and starting a fire is a metaphor for becoming angry. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anger, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh did not stop being fierce because he was angry with” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
23:27 bsh5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy My name will be there 0 The name is a metonym for the honor that people should give to the person. Alternate translation: “People should worship me there”
23:28 h614 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive are they not written … Judah? 0 This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “you can find them … Judah.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
23:29 k8gd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Necho … Megiddo 0 Necho is the name of a man. Megiddo is the name of a city.
23:31 sf3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty-three years old 0 “23 years old”
23:31 m2m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hamutal 0 This is a woman’s name.
23:31 k16l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Libnah 0 This is the name of a place.
23:32 z2g6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil”
23:33 e9hv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Riblah … Hamath 0 These are names of places.
23:33 aw37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy put him in chains 0 Being put “in chains” represents being captured and imprisoned. Alternate translation: “put him in prison”
23:33 g4w9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney one hundred talents … one talent 0 A talent was about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “3,300 kilograms … 33 kilograms”
23:35 i68u Jehoikim taxed the land 0 Alternate translation: “Jehoikim collected taxes from the people who owned land”
23:35 v24z people of the land 0 This could mean: (1) “the people who lived in the land of Judah” or (2) “the richest and most powerful of those who lived in Judah.”
23:36 s72q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zebidah 0 This is a woman’s name.
23:36 gz76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Pedaiah 0 This is a man’s name.
23:36 j958 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Rumah 0 This is the name of a place.
23:37 b992 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil”
24:intro abco 0 # 2 Kings 24 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThese last two chapters are the final defeat of Judah and the beginning of their exile to Babylon.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### God’s punishment\nGod punished Judah because of their sin. The Babylonians conquer Jerusalem and carry away all the craftsmen, soldiers and wealthy. They make Zedekiah the king. He was not truly a king because he lacked absolute authority. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
24:1 wre8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit attacked Judah 0 You may need to make explicit what happened after Nebuchadnezzar attacked Judah. Alternate translation: “attacked and defeated Judah”
24:2 bf6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive This was in conformity with the word of Yahweh that had been spoken through his servants the prophets 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “This was according to the word of Yahweh that his servants the prophets had spoken” or “This was exactly what Yahweh had told his servants the prophets to say would happen”
24:3 d357 It was certainly at the mouth of Yahweh 0 Some versions have, “It was certainly because of the wrath of Yahweh,” which is just as good a reading of the original text. If translators have access to versions in major languages in their region, they should probably follow their choice.
24:3 nnw7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy at the mouth of Yahweh 0 Here “mouth” represents Yahweh’s command. Alternate translation: “as Yahweh had commanded”
24:4 bik2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy innocent blood that he shed 0 Blood is a metonym for innocent life, and shedding blood is a metonym for killing innocent people. Alternate translation: “innocent people whom he killed”
24:4 xy8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he filled Jerusalem with innocent blood 0 Blood is a metonym for innocent life, and shedding blood is a metonym for killing innocent people. Alternate translation: “he killed many innocent people in Jerusalem”
24:5 en3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive are they not written … Judah? 0 This is written as a rhetorical question because at the time this was written people were already aware of this information. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. It can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are indeed written … Judah.” or “you could find them … Judah” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
24:6 nt1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism slept with his ancestors 0 Sleeping is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “died and was buried along with his ancestors”
24:7 yjf2 The king of Egypt did not attack any more out of his land 0 Alternate translation: “The king of Egypt did not come out of his land any more to attack other people groups”
24:8 zka9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nehushta … Elnathan 0 Nehushta is the name of a woman. Elnathan is the name of a man.
24:9 w6b8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil”
24:9 gi6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole he did all that his father had done 0 Here “all” is a generalization. It means he did the same sinful things as his father. Alternate translation: “he committed the same kinds of sins his father had committed”
24:12 ish3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Jehoiachin the king of Judah went out to the king of Babylon, he, his mother, his servants, his princes, and his officers 0 You may need to make explicit why Jehoiachin went out to meet Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: “Jehoiachin the king of Judah, with his mother, his servants, his princes, and his officers, went out to where the king of Babylon was, to surrender to him”
24:12 k4kt The king of Babylon captured him in the eighth year of his own reign 0 Alternate translation: “After the king of Babylon had been king for more than seven years, he captured Jehoiachin”
24:13 g1jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Solomon king of Israel had made 0 You might want to translate this so the reader understands that Solomon might have had others help him do this.
24:14 k5cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy He took into exile all Jerusalem 0 Here “Jerusalem” is a metonym for the people who lived there. And, “all” is a generalization. It means all the most important people Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar took all the important people away from Jerusalem” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
24:14 fyh1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives No one was left except the poorest people in the land 0 This can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “Only the poorest people in the land still lived there”
24:18 qfp6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hamutal 0 This is a woman’s name.
24:18 zy1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jeremiah 0 This is a man’s name.
24:18 fxr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Libnah 0 This is the name of a place.
24:19 wr7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what was evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil”
25:intro abcp 0 # 2 Kings 25 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter is the final defeat of Judah and the beginning of their exile to Babylon.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Zedekiah’s revolt\nZedekiah revolted against the Babylonians, so they came and completely destroyed Jerusalem. They tore down the city walls and took the rest of the people to Babylon as slaves, except the very poorest people remained.
25:1 pl4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal in the ninth year 0
25:1 j1c4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal in the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month 0 This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of December on Western calendars. This is during the cold season when there may be rain and snow. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
25:1 ty29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy came with all his army against Jerusalem 0 The name “Jerusalem” is a metonym for the people who lived in it. Alternate translation: “came with his whole army to fight against the people of Jerusalem” or “came with his whole army to conquer Jerusalem”
25:3 c39x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the ninth day of the fourth month 0 This is the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. The ninth day is near the end of June on Western calendars. This is during the dry season when there is very little or no rain. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
25:3 x5hf the people of the land 0 These are the inhabitants of Jerusalem, including refugees from the surrounding villages that fled to Jerusalem when the war started.
25:4 hev4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Then the city was broken into 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then the Babylonian army broke into the city”
25:5 mvz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive All his army was scattered away from him 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “His whole army ran away from him” or “The Chaldeans chased away his whole army”
25:6 i9b9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Riblah 0 This is the name of a place.
25:7 fh5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche they slaughtered them before his eyes 0 The eyes are synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “they forced king Zedekiah to watch them kill his sons”
25:7 v1ma rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he put out his eyes 0 “Nebuchadnezzar put out Zedekiah’s eyes.” It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people might have helped Nebuchadnezzar do this.
25:8 xvy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal in the fifth month, on the seventh day of the month 0 This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. The seventh day is near the end of July on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
25:8 b969 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the nineteenth year 0 This is the ordinal form of the number 19.
25:8 yy9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nebuzaradan 0 This is the name of a man.
25:13 uaq2 As for the bronze pillars … Yahweh, the Chaldeans 0 Alternate translation: “This is what happened to the bronze pillars … Yahweh: the Chaldeans”
25:13 ph6f the stands 0 This refers to the large, moveable bronze stands with bronze wheels and axles. “the moveable bronze stands” or “the bronze stands with wheels”
25:13 l5um the bronze sea 0 Alternate translation: “the large bronze basin”
25:13 vyc7 broke them into pieces 0 Alternate translation: “cut them into pieces” or “chopped them up into small pieces”
25:14 tfz8 shovels 0 A shovel was a tool that was used to clean the altar, typically used to move big piles of dirt, sand, or ashes.
25:14 fkz8 with which the priests had served in the temple 0 Alternate translation: “which the priests had used in the temple service”
25:15 sgl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The pots for removing ashes 0 You may need to make explicit which ashes are spoken of. Alternate translation: “The pots that were used for removing ashes from the altar”
25:18 nq3n the second priest 0 These words refer to Zephaniah. Another possible meaning is “the priest under Seraiah.”
25:18 ske8 gatekeepers 0 See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:10](../07/10.md).
25:19 ydp7 took prisoner 0 Alternate translation: “captured and kept from escaping”
25:19 v5sk an officer who was in charge of soldiers 0 Other translations may read “a eunuch who was in charge of soldiers.” A eunuch is a man whose private parts have been removed.
25:19 jax7 officer responsible for drafting men into the army 0 This could mean: (1) the officer forced men to become soldiers or (2) the officer wrote down the names of the men who became soldiers.
25:20 qh76 Nebuzaradan 0 This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:8](../25/08.md).
25:20 cl9d Riblah 0 This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:6](../25/06.md).
25:21 dxm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism put them to death 0 This is a polite way of saying “killed them.” It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people might have helped the king do this. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
25:21 u6ll rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Judah went out of its land 0 Judah, the name of the people group, is a metonym for the people themselves. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah went out of their land”
25:22 k15w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gedaliah … Ahikam … Shaphan 0 These are the names of men.
25:23 yzs4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ishmael … Nethaniah … Johanan … Kareah … Seraiah … Tanhumeth … Jaazaniah 0 These are the names of men.
25:23 ww42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Netophathite 0 This refers to a person who is a descendant of a man named Netophah.
25:23 ytq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Maakathite 0 This refers to a person who comes from a place called Maakah.
25:25 cfc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths the seventh month 0 This is the seventh month on the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
25:25 bt4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Elishama 0 This is the name of a man.
25:26 n8hs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole all the people 0 This is a generalization. Alternate translation: “many people”
25:26 u3mg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism from the least to the greatest 0 This is a merism that means “everyone,” which is a generalization. Alternate translation: “from the least important to the most important” or “everyone”
25:27 y9pc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal in the thirty-seventh year 0
25:27 ggr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths in the twelfth month, on the twenty-seventh day of the month 0 This is the twelfth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-seventh day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
25:27 wz2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Awel-Marduk 0 This is a man’s name.
25:28 kh12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a seat more honorable than that of the other kings 0 Giving a good place at the dining table is a metonym for honoring him. Alternate translation: “more honor than the other kings”
25:29 e7s6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy removed Jehoiachin’s prison clothes 0 The act of removing Jehoiachins’ prison clothes represents making him a free man.
25:30 i56q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive A regular food allowance was given to him 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The king made sure that he had a regular food allowance”
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