front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Deuteronomy\n\n1. Moses reminds Israel of how Yahweh guided them through the wilderness (1:1–3:29)\n1. Moses appeals for Israel to obey the law of Yahweh (4:1–43)\n1. The Ten Commandments (5:1–10:22)\n1. Rules and warnings from the Law (11:1–26:19)\n1. Instructions for entering Canaan (27:1–26)\n1. Blessings for obeying and curses for disobeying (28:1–68)\n1. The covenant renewed (29:1–30:20)\n1. Last words of Moses, the Song of Moses, and his death (31:1–34:12)\n\n\n### What is the Book of Deuteronomy about?\n\nIn the book of Deuteronomy, Moses repeats the laws of the covenant that God made with the people of Israel. The people of Israel were about to go into the Promised Land. Before they entered the land, Moses reminded them of what Yahweh did for them and what he expected from them. Moses warned the people about worshipping idols and no longer trusting Yahweh once they settled in the Promised Land. Yahweh promised to judge those who disobey him and to bless those who obey his Law. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe name “Deuteronomy” means “Second Law” or “the retelling of the Law.” Translators may decide on a title such as, “A Repeat of the Law” or “Moses Explains the Law Again.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Deuteronomy?\n\nThe writers of both the Old and New Testament present Moses as being very involved with writing the Book of Deuteronomy. However, many scholars think that Joshua wrote chapter 34. This chapter tells how Moses died.\n\n### What are the important features of the Book of Deuteronomy?\n\nThe book contains a series of speeches that Moses gave to Israel before he died. He spoke these things just before the people entered the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### Why did Yahweh command the Israelites to completely destroy the people who lived in the Promised Land?\n\nAs God prepared the Israelites to enter the Promised Land, he commanded them to completely destroy the Canaanite people who lived there. The Israelites would then not be tempted to join them and worship their false gods.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### What is the role of God’s name in Deuteronomy?\n\nGod’s name is mentioned over thirty times in the book of Deuteronomy. The use of God’s name in this book usually represents God’s honor or fame. At other times in Deuteronomy, God’s name represents his presence. God said he would choose a place and make his name dwell there. This means God’s presence would be there. The people were to go to that place to worship him.\n\n### Can this book be translated before the rest of the Pentateuch?\n\nThe Books of Genesis and Exodus help to explain what happens in Deuteronomy. For this reason, those books should be translated before the Book of Deuteronomy.
1:intro ggp9 0 # Deuteronomy 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter forms a continuation with the last chapter of the book of Numbers. In this chapter is Moses’ first speech to the Israelites. \n\n- v. 1-4: Introduction\n- v. 5-49: Moses reminds the Israelites of what happened to their ancestors in the wilderness\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s victory\nThe chapter explains that Israel’s conquering of the Promised Land will be done by Yahweh. They are not to fear the people of Canaan but be obedient to Yahweh. Yahweh is bringing about his judgement upon the people of Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])\n\n### Possessing the land\n\nWhile the Promised Land belongs to Israel, they do not possess the land. Possessing the land is an important theme. Possessing the land depended on Israel’s faithfulness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])\n\n### Yahweh's Presence\n\nIn verse 42, Yahweh says, “I will not be among you.” As God, Yahweh is everywhere and cannot be limited to a single space. In verse 42, Yahweh means that he will no longer be with the Israelites in a special way because of their rebellion.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Quotes in quotes\n\nIn this chapter, Moses gives a speech and quotes what other people said. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate or format this passage so that there are not quotations within a quotation. (See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])\n\n### Pronouns\n\nIn this chapter, the second person pronoun “you” is plural unless otherwise noted. Moses is speaking to all of the Israelites at Horeb, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.\n\n### “Yahweh your God”\n\nThroughout this chapter, Moses refers to Yahweh as “your God” when he speaks to the Israelites. Moses is referring to the same God that he also worships. He is not distinguishing between the God of the Israelites and his own God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that this is the same God that Moses worships. (See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])\n\n### Time Background\n\nIn his speech, Moses reminds the Israelites about what happened to their ancestors when they were camping at Mt. Sinai. Throughout his speech, Moses repeats the phrase “at that time” to refer to new topics that occur during that time period. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state this information explicitly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevents]])
1:1 vb79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names ס֜וּף 1 The word **Suph** is the name of a place. It is uncertain where Suph is, but Suph could refer to the Red Sea. Alternate translation: “the Red Sea”
1:1 bg65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names תֹּ֛פֶל וְלָבָ֥ן וַחֲצֵרֹ֖ת וְדִ֥י זָהָֽב 1 These are the names of places.
1:1 mdz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo בֵּֽין & וּבֵֽין 1 Here, the text repeats **between** to describe the relative positions of cities. If it is unnatural in your language to repeat a preposition, you could you could use a form that identifies an area between cities. Alternate translation: “between … and”
1:2 xcp5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַחַ֨ד עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ 1 The implication is that the journey takes **11 days**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “It is a journey of 11 days”
1:2 m2r5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַר־שֵׂעִ֑יר 1 **Mount Seir** is a mountainous area south of the Dead Sea. The area is also called Edom.
1:3 xm9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent וַיְהִי֙ 1 Moses is using the word translated **and it happened** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Here is what happened:”
1:3 pc9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בְּאַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה בְּעַשְׁתֵּֽי־עָשָׂ֥ר חֹ֖דֶשׁ 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use cardinal numbers here or equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “after 40 years, in month 11”
1:3 zfn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בְּעַשְׁתֵּֽי־עָשָׂ֥ר חֹ֖דֶשׁ 1 The **eleventh** month of the Hebrew calendar includes January on Western calendars. You could convert the Hebrew day and month into an approximate date on the calendar that your culture uses. However, the Jews used a lunar calendar, so if you use a solar calendar, the date will be different every year and the translation will not be entirely accurate. So you may just want to give the number of the day and the name of the month on the Hebrew calendar, and say in a footnote approximately what time of year that is on your calendar.
1:3 c54r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּנֵ֣י 1 Although the term **sons** is masculine, the author is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “the children of”
1:3 e9a7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” Moses is identifying the Israelites as descendants of their ancestor Jacob, who was also known as Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Israel” Alternate translation: “the people of Israel”
1:4 xfh0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַכֹּת֗וֹ 1 The implication is that Yahweh caused the Israelites to defeat Sihon and Og under Moses' leadership. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused the Israelites to defeat”
1:4 fivx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הַכֹּת֗וֹ 1 Here, the pronoun **he** refers back to Moses in verse 3. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “Moses defeated”
1:4 x2fp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names סִיחֹן֙ & ע֚וֹג 1 The words **Sihon** and **Og** are the names of kings.
1:4 mpn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן & בְּעַשְׁתָּרֹ֖ת בְּאֶדְרֶֽעִי 1 The words **Heshbon**, **Ashtaroth**, and **Edrei** are the names of cities.
1:4 e5t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּעַשְׁתָּרֹ֖ת בְּאֶדְרֶֽעִי 1 The implication is that King Og ruled over both **Ashtaroth** and **Edrei**. **Ashtaroth** and **Edrei** were cities that are close to each other. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “in Ashtaroth and in Edrei”
1:5-6 t7y4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes מֹשֶׁ֔ה בֵּאֵ֛ר אֶת־הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לֵאמֹֽר׃ יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵ֛ינוּ דִּבֶּ֥ר אֵלֵ֖ינוּ בְּחֹרֵ֣ב 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Moses began explaining the law. This is what Yahweh God said to his people at Horeb,”
1:5 juo3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo הוֹאִ֣יל מֹשֶׁ֔ה בֵּאֵ֛ר אֶת־הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לֵאמֹֽר 1 Here, the text uses two verbs of speaking, **explaining** and **saying**, to introduce direct speech. If it is unnatural in your language to use two verbs of speech, you could use only one. Alternate translation: “Moses began explaining this law,”
1:6 s8em rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive אֵלֵ֖ינוּ 1 Moses is using the pronoun **us** to refer to himself and every Israelite who was an adult when they were at Horeb, so use the exclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction. Alternate translation: “to me and to your ancestors”
1:7 l6np rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פְּנ֣וּ ׀ וּסְע֣וּ לָכֶ֗ם 1 Here, the word **turn** describes the beginning of action. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Start your journey”
1:7 cqqw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שְׁכֵנָיו֒ 1 Here, **neighbors** refers to any people groups in the nearby areas. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people groups near them”
1:7 rbe5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַ֥ר הָֽאֱמֹרִי֮ וְאֶל־כָּל־שְׁכֵנָיו֒ בָּעֲרָבָ֥ה בָהָ֛ר וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֥ה וּבַנֶּ֖גֶב וּבְח֣וֹף הַיָּ֑ם אֶ֤רֶץ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ וְהַלְּבָנ֔וֹן עַד־הַנָּהָ֥ר הַגָּדֹ֖ל נְהַר־פְּרָֽת 1 The words **Arabah**, **Negev**, and **Lebanon** are the names of places. Yahweh is describing places in the land that he has promised to give to the Israelites.
1:8 bp4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רְאֵ֛ה 1 Yahweh is using the term **look** to focus the Israelites' attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to say:”
1:8 tgax rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
1:8 i61s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture נָתַ֥תִּי לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ 1 Here Yahweh could be using the past tense: (1) to refer to something that will certainly happen in the future. Alternate translation: “I will give the land before your faces” (2) to refer to something that he has already done. Alternate translation: “I have already given the land before your faces”
1:8 p2mn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person נִשְׁבַּ֣ע יְ֠הוָה 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “I swore”
1:8 pcv4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַאֲבֹ֨תֵיכֶ֜ם 1 Yahweh is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your forefathers”
1:8 umon rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּלְזַרְעָ֖ם 1 Here, **seed** refers to the descendants of **Abraham**, **Isaac**, and **Jacob** as if they were semen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and to their offspring”
1:9 dv93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וָאֹמַ֣ר 1 Here, **I** refers back to “Moses” in verse 5. If it would be helpful in your language, you could repeat the word “Moses” here. Alternate translation: “I, Moses,”
1:9 l5mr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שְׂאֵ֥ת 1 Here **to carry** means “to lead” or “to govern.” If this word does not have that meaning in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to lead”
1:10 zy9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole כְּכוֹכְבֵ֥י הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם לָרֹֽב 1 Moses says **as the stars of the heaven in number** here as a generalization for emphasis. He means that God has greatly increased the number of Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “almost as numerous as the stars of heaven”
1:10 x7q2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם 1 When Moses says **your God**, he is referring to the same God that he also worships. He is not distinguishing between the God of the Israelites and his own God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that this is the same God that Moses worships. See the chapter introduction for more information. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who is our God,”\n
1:11 aj7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֽוֹתֵכֶ֗ם יֹסֵ֧ף עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם כָּכֶ֖ם אֶ֣לֶף פְּעָמִ֑ים וִיבָרֵ֣ךְ אֶתְכֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר לָכֶֽם 1 Moses is asking God to bless the Israelites. You could express this as either a blessing or a prayer, in whichever way is more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I hope that Yahweh, the God of your fathers, will add to you, as you {are}, 1000 times, and I hope that he will bless you, just as he spoke to you!”
1:11 wrx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֽוֹתֵכֶ֗ם 1 When Moses says **your fathers**, he is also referring to his own **fathers**. He is not distinguishing between the ancestors of the Israelites and his own ancestors. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that Moses and the Israelites have the same **fathers**. Alternate translation: “the God of our fathers,”
1:11 nybe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲבֽוֹתֵכֶ֗ם 1 Yahweh is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your forefathers”
1:11 h9y3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יֹסֵ֧ף עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם 1 The implication is that God will **add** to the number of Israelites by birth. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “add to your population”
1:11 it3v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶ֣לֶף פְּעָמִ֑ים 1 Here **1000** means “very many.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different number or another phrase that indicates that something happens many times. Alternate translation: “very many times”
1:12 fvz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אֵיכָ֥ה אֶשָּׂ֖א לְבַדִּ֑י טָרְחֲכֶ֥ם וּמַֽשַּׂאֲכֶ֖ם וְרִֽיבְכֶֽם 1 Moses uses a question to emphasize that he cannot solve all of the Israelites' problems by himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement and use the appropriate punctuation at the end of the sentence. Alternate translation: “I cannot carry by myself your loads and your burdens and your disputes.”
1:12 l36d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶשָּׂ֖א לְבַדִּ֑י טָרְחֲכֶ֥ם וּמַֽשַּׂאֲכֶ֖ם 1 Here Moses speaks of the people’s problems and complaints that he needed to solve as if they were heavy physical **loads** and **burdens** that he needed to **carry**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will I make a decision by myself for your issues and your concerns”
1:12 xa3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet טָרְחֲכֶ֥ם וּמַֽשַּׂאֲכֶ֖ם 1 The terms **loads** and **burdens** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “your heavy loads”
1:13 q6g6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חֲכָמִ֧ים וּנְבֹנִ֛ים 1 The terms **wise** and **understanding** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “very wise”
1:13 ue4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וִידֻעִ֖ים 1 Here **well-known** means “of good reputation.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and of good reputation”
1:13 eea5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּרָאשֵׁיכֶֽם 1 Here **heads** means “leaders”. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “leaders”
1:15 zzio rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רָאשֵׁ֣י & רָאשִׁ֖ים 1 Here **heads** means “leaders”. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the leaders of … {as} leaders”
1:15 u5jy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וִֽידֻעִ֔ים 1 Here **well-known** means “of good reputation.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and of good reputation”
1:15 w87y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שָׂרֵ֨י אֲלָפִ֜ים וְשָׂרֵ֣י מֵא֗וֹת וְשָׂרֵ֤י חֲמִשִּׁים֙ וְשָׂרֵ֣י עֲשָׂרֹ֔ת 1 The implication is that the leaders are in charge of groups of fighting men. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “leaders of thousands of fighting men and leaders of hundreds of fighting men and leaders of fifties of fighting men and leaders of tens of fighting men”
1:15 s3vi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְשִׁבְטֵיכֶֽם 1 The implication is that Moses appointed leaders for each of the tribes of Israel. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “from each of your tribes”
1:16 imou rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲחֵיכֶם֙ 1 Here **brothers** refers to any Israelite. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your fellow Israelites”
1:16 k0bw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שָׁמֹ֤עַ בֵּין אֲחֵיכֶם֙ 1 Here, **listen** means “listen to evidence in a legal case.” The judge is **in between** each party involved in the case and will listen to each party. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Listen to the evidence from both sides of the legal case”
1:16 rdg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אֲחֵיכֶם֙ & אִ֥ישׁ & אָחִ֖יו & \nגֵּרֽוֹ 1 Although the terms **brother**, **man**, **his**, and **him** are masculine, Moses is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “your fellow Israelites ... an Israelite ... a close relative ... the foreigner with the Israelite”
1:16 z0ng rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo בֵּֽין־אִ֥ישׁ וּבֵין־אָחִ֖יו וּבֵ֥ין גֵּרֽוֹ 1 Here, Moses repeats **between** to describe different types of relationships that could require judgment among the Israelites. The first relationship involves close relatives. The second relationship involves an Israelite and a non-Israelite. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that describes relationships between individuals. Alternate translation: “between a man and his brother, and also between a man and the foreigner with him”
1:17 k656 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לֹֽא־תַכִּ֨ירוּ פָנִ֜ים 1 Here, **recognize a face** is an idiom that means “show partiality.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You shall not play favorites” or “You shall not show partiality”
1:17 wjfu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט & הַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “in the legal case ... the result of the legal case,”
1:17 tw6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תִּשְׁמָע֔וּן 1 The implication is that the judges will **hear** legal cases. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “you shall hear legal cases”
1:17 l3vl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism כַּקָּטֹ֤ן כַּגָּדֹל֙ 1 Here, **small** and **great** refer to all of the Israelites by naming the parts that are at the extreme ends of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “any Israelite alike”
1:17 tl9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj כַּקָּטֹ֤ן כַּגָּדֹל֙ 1 Moses is using the adjectives **small** and **great** as a noun to mean small people and great people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “small people and great people”
1:17 zbxp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לֹ֤א תָג֨וּרוּ֙ מִפְּנֵי־אִ֔ישׁ כִּ֥י הַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט לֵאלֹהִ֣ים ה֑וּא 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “The judgement, it is before God, so you shall not be afraid from the face of man.”
1:17 jze3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מִפְּנֵי 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the presence of”
1:17 d6rd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִ֔ישׁ 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Moses is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “a person”
1:17 insr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט לֵאלֹהִ֣ים ה֑וּא 1 Moses is speaking of the Israelites' legal cases as if they were objects that **belong to God**. Moses means that God decides what is right and wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God knows which decision is right or wrong”
1:17 gn5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תַּקְרִב֥וּן 1 Moses is speaking of legal cases as if they were objects that the Israelites could physically **bring** to him. Moses means that the Israelites should let him decide the case. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you shall tell me”
1:17 spb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּשְׁמַעְתִּֽיו 1 The implication is that Moses will not only **hear** the legal case, but also decide on a solution. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and I shall heart it and decide.”
1:19 s8zk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהַנּוֹרָ֨א 1 The implication is that the wilderness causes terror because it is dangerous. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and unsafe”
1:19 vjy7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names קָדֵ֥שׁ בַּרְנֵֽעַ 1 **Kadesh Barnea** is the name of a place.
1:21 itcd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רְ֠אֵה 1 Yahweh is using the term **look** to focus the Israelites' attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to say:”
1:21 sel7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ לְפָנֶ֖יךָ & אֲבֹתֶ֨יךָ֙ לָ֔ךְ & אַל־תִּירָ֖א וְאַל־תֵּחָֽת 1 Even though Moses is speaking to a group of people, **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
1:21 cl66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְפָנֶ֖יךָ 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
1:21 c9fo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֲלֵ֣ה 1 Here, **go up** means “go fight.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “attack,”
1:21 xjd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense נָתַ֨ן יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ לְפָנֶ֖יךָ אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ 1 Here Yahweh could be using the present tense: (1) to refer to something that will certainly happen in the future. Alternate translation: “I will give the land before your faces” (2) to refer to something that he has already done. Alternate translation: “I have already given the land before your faces” See how this is translated in [Deuteronomy 1:8](../01/08.md).
1:21 xae1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲבֹתֶ֨יךָ֙ 1 Moses is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your forefathers,”
1:21 w65d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet אַל־תִּירָ֖א וְאַל־תֵּחָֽת 1 The terms **afraid** and **discouraged** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “you shall not be discouraged at all”
1:22 yugp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before us”
1:22 le48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְיָשִׁ֤בוּ אֹתָ֨נוּ֙ דָּבָ֔ר 1 Here, **a word** means “a report.” The text describes the **word** as if it were a physical object that someone could **return** to someone else. Alternate translation: “and report back to us {about}”
1:22 jr4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲשֶׁ֣ר נַעֲלֶה 1 Here **up** means “towards the Promised Land.” You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “by which we will travel towards the land that Yahweh will give us”
1:22 cn77 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go נָבֹ֖א 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “we will go”
1:23 t0cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַדָּבָ֑ר 1 Here, **word** represents what someone said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what they said”
1:23 cm5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּעֵינַ֖י 1 Here, **in my eyes** represents Moses’ assessment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in my assessment”
1:23 xkb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וָאֶקַּ֤ח 1 Here, **took** means “chose.” Moses speaks of choosing men as if he were physically taking them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I selected”
1:24 tock rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיִּפְנוּ֙ 1 Here **they** refers back to the “12 men” whom Moses chose in verse 23. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could clarify this information. Alternate translation: “And the 12 men turned”
1:24 n7e4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַיִּפְנוּ֙ וַיַּעֲל֣וּ 1 Here, the word **turn** describes the beginning of action. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “And they started to go”
1:24 mdt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “and they went”
1:24 m2qr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נַ֣חַל אֶשְׁכֹּ֑ל 1 Here, **the Valley of Eshkol** is the name of a place. This is a valley in the Hebron region, which is south of Jerusalem.
1:25 c795 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וַיִּקְח֤וּ בְיָדָם֙ 1 The expression **they took with their hands** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “And they took”
1:25 gns5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיִּקְח֤וּ 1 Here, the word **took** means “pluck” or “harvest.” Alternate translation: “And they picked”
1:25 w02p rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns מִפְּרִ֣י 1 In this verse, the word **fruit** is singular in form, but it refers to all the fruit of the land as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “some fruit of”
1:25 et1g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַיָּשִׁ֨בוּ אֹתָ֤נוּ דָבָר֙ 1 Here, **a word** means “a report.” The text describes the **word** as if it were a physical object that someone could **return** to someone else. Alternate translation: “And they reported to us”
1:25 dgea rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ 1 If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “and said that”
1:25 kzlh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וַיָּשִׁ֨בוּ אֹתָ֤נוּ דָבָר֙ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ 1 Here, the text uses two expressions to describe speaking, **returned to us {with} a word** and **said**. These expressions introduce direct speech. If it is unnatural in your language to use two verbs of speech, you could use only one. Alternate translation: “And they returned to us {with} a word,”
1:25 eknv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽנוּ 1 Here the present tense could: (1) refer to something that will certainly happen in the future. Alternate translation: “is about to give us” (2) refer to something that has already happened. Alternate translation: “has given to us” See how this is translated in [Deuteronomy 1:8](../01/08.md).
1:26 t13i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַעֲלֹ֑ת 1 Here, **go up** means “go fight.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to fight”
1:26 k4x9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פִּ֥י 1 Here, **mouth** refers to Yahweh’s commands and what he says to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the command of”
1:27 vy6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וַתֵּרָגְנ֤וּ בְאָהֳלֵיכֶם֙ וַתֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ 1 Here, the text uses two verbs of speaking, **grumbled** and **said**, to introduce direct speech. If it is unnatural in your language to use two verbs of speech, you could use only one. Alternate translation: “And you grumbled in your tents,”
1:27 gpei rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּשִׂנְאַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔נוּ 1 Here, the Israelites are using the possessive form to describe the **hatred** that they believe Yahweh is showing towards them. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a verb to show how **hatred** and **Yahweh** are related. Alternate translation: “Since Yahweh hates us”
1:27 u8rq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּשִׂנְאַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **hatred**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Since Yahweh hates”
1:27 am5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּיַ֥ד הָאֱמֹרִ֖י 1 The word **hand** refers to the power of the owner of the hand, **the Amorites**. Alternate translation: “into the power of the Amorites”
1:28 dm6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אָנָ֣ה ׀ אֲנַ֣חְנוּ עֹלִ֗ים 1 The Israelites use a question to emphasize that they are afraid of the Amorites and do not want to go near them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have nowhere safe to go.”
1:28 foq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אָנָ֣ה ׀ אֲנַ֣חְנוּ עֹלִ֗ים 1 Here **go up** means “go” or “travel.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Where {can} we go?”
1:28 s442 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַחֵינוּ֩ 1 Here, **our brothers** refers back to the “12 men” in verse 23 who scouted the land. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Our 12 brothers who scouted the land”
1:28 qpgk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַחֵינוּ֩ 1 Here **brothers** refers to other Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “our fellow Israelites”
1:28 x4y4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הֵמַ֨סּוּ אֶת־לְבָבֵ֜נוּ 1 Here, the phrase **have caused our heart to melt** means that the **brothers** made the rest of the Israelites weak and afraid. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “have made my heart skip a beat” “have made us very afraid” \n
1:28 yik3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns לְבָבֵ֜נוּ 1 In this verse, the word **heart** is singular in form, but it refers to all the hearts of the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “our hearts”
1:28 yi6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵאמֹ֗ר 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “by saying that”
1:28 ckkl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet גָּד֤וֹל וָרָם֙ 1 The terms **greater** and **taller** mean similar things. The Israelites are using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “{are} much stronger” //not sure if this is really a doublet.
1:28 vs1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole וּבְצוּרֹ֖ת בַּשָּׁמָ֑יִם 1 The Israelites say **fortified to the heavens** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “extremely well-fortified”
1:28 brf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֥י 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of”
1:29 ukp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet לֹא־תַֽעַרְצ֥וּן וְֽלֹא־תִֽירְא֖וּן מֵהֶֽם 1 The terms **terrified** and **afraid** have similar meanings. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid at all.”
1:29 dgo7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹא־תַֽעַרְצ֥וּן 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not be anxious”
1:30 l93e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַהֹלֵ֣ךְ לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם 1 When Moses says that Yahweh **walks before** the Israelites, he is describing how Yahweh guides them and protects them. See the chapter introduction for more information about Yahweh's presence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who guides you,”
1:30 sv3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
1:30 wdr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְעֵינֵיכֶֽם 1 Here, **eyes** represents seeing. The Israelites could see physical proof that Yahweh fought for them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternative translation: “in your sight”
1:31 yy3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רָאִ֔יתָ 1 Here, Moses speaks of experiencing something as if it were seeing. If this word does not have that meaning in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you have experienced”
1:31 t94m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you רָאִ֔יתָ & נְשָׂאֲךָ֙ & אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to a group of people, **you** and **your** are singular here. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
1:31 b4n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נְשָׂאֲךָ֙ 1 Here, **carried** means “led” and “protected.” If this word does not have that meaning in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “protected you”
1:31 awy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשָּׂא־אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־בְּנ֑וֹ 1 Moses is saying that Yahweh guiding and protecting the Israelites is like **a man carrying his son** because a father will help his son when the son is too small or weak to do something by himself. A father will hold his son, protect his son, and help his son go where he needs to by **carrying** him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “as a father carries his child who is too weak to walk”
1:31 ivd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה 1 Here, **this place** refers to the base of Mt. Sinai where the Israelites camped. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “this mountain where you are camping.”
1:32 hy2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּבַדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּ֑ה 1 Here, **this word** represents what Yahweh said. Yahweh said in a promise that he will fight for the Israelites and cause them to possess the land. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But in this promise from Yahweh”
1:33 gg6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵיכֶ֜ם 1 Here, **faces** represents the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
1:33 w2xc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָּאֵ֣שׁ ׀ לַ֗יְלָה לַרְאֹֽתְכֶם֙ בַּדֶּ֨רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּֽלְכוּ־בָ֔הּ וּבֶעָנָ֖ן יוֹמָֽם 1 These phrases refer to Exodus 13, where Yahweh led the Israelites with a pillar of fire and pillar of cloud. //how to link other book?
1:33 o90m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּֽלְכוּ־בָ֔הּ 1 The expression **that you should go in it** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “that you should go”
1:34 a5i6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ק֣וֹל דִּבְרֵיכֶ֑ם 1 Here, the phrase **the sound of your words** means “what you were saying.” Alternate translation: “what you were saying”
1:34 gv71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וַיִּשָּׁבַ֥ע לֵאמֹֽר 1 Here, the text uses two verbs of speaking, **swore** and **saying**, to introduce direct speech. If it is unnatural in your language to use two verbs of speech, you could use only one. Alternate translation: “And he swore,”
1:35 n9j8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִישׁ֙ בָּאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה 1 Although the words **man** and **men** are masculine, Yahweh is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “one person of these people of”
1:35 l5ps rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole יִרְאֶ֥ה 1 Yahweh says **see** here as a generalization for emphasis. He means that the rebellious Israelites will not be able to enter and live in the land that Yahweh promised them. They will not even get close enough to see it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “shall live in”
1:36 ai2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names יְפֻנֶּה֙ 1 The word **Jephunneh** is the name of Caleb's father.
1:36 p6yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns ה֣וּא יִרְאֶ֔נָּה 1 Yahweh uses the word **himself** to emphasize how significant it was that Caleb and not any other adult Israelite will enter the promised land. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “only he shall see it.”
1:36 z43i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִרְאֶ֔נָּה 1 Here **see** means “approach in order to possess.” If this word does not have that meaning in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he shall go into it.” //needs work
1:36 s7rb rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְלֽוֹ־אֶתֵּ֧ן אֶת־הָאָ֛רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר דָּֽרַךְ־בָּ֖הּ וּלְבָנָ֑יו יַ֕עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִלֵּ֖א אַחֲרֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could move the last phrase to the beginning, since the last phrase gives the reason for the result that the beginning of the sentence describes. Alternate translation: “{He is} wholly after Yahweh, so to him I will give the land that he has stepped on, and to his sons.”
1:36 hwf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּלְבָנָ֑יו 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and to his offspring”
1:36 namd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִלֵּ֖א אַחֲרֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 The implication is that Caleb follows **after Yahweh** and obeys him completely. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “{he} wholly obeys Yahweh.’”
1:36 ix6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns אַחֲרֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “after me, Yahweh”\n”
1:37 j94d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit גַּם־בִּי֙ הִתְאַנַּ֣ף יְהוָ֔ה בִּגְלַלְכֶ֖ם 1 This refers to Numbers 20, when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. //How to link other book?
1:38 du4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נוּן֙ 1 The word **Nun** is the name of Joshua’s father.
1:38 ze5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָעֹמֵ֣ד 1 The implication is that Joshua **stands** before the Israelites as a servant before their master. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “who stands as your servant”
1:38 q1og rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְפָנֶ֔יךָ 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
1:39 dvtj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְטַפְּכֶם֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲמַרְתֶּ֜ם לָבַ֣ז יִהְיֶ֗ה 1 The implication is that the Israelites thought that they would lose the battles against the Amorites so their **children** would be captured as **plunder**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “And your children that you said would be plunder when you lost the battle”
1:39 gn7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וּ֠בְנֵיכֶם 1 Although the term **sons** is masculine, Yahweh is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “and your children”
1:39 it12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹא־יָדְע֤וּ הַיּוֹם֙ ט֣וֹב וָרָ֔ע 1 The implication is that the children are not responsible for rebelling against Yahweh because they **do not know good or evil**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “do not yet know good or evil and will not be punished for your rebellion”
1:40 mrt9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פְּנ֣וּ לָכֶ֑ם וּסְע֥וּ 1 Here, the word **turn** means “turn around” and describes the beginning of action. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “turn around and journey back”
1:41 wwe3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וַֽתַּעֲנ֣וּ ׀ וַתֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלַ֗י 1 Here, Moses uses two verbs of speaking, **answered** and **said**, to introduce direct speech. If it is unnatural in your language to use two verbs of speech, you could use only one. Alternate translation: “And you answered me,”
1:41 tnnn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns אֲנַ֤חְנוּ נַעֲלֶה֙ וְנִלְחַ֔מְנוּ 1 The Israelites use the word **ourselves** to emphasize that they are very willing to obey God and go fight. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “We will even go up and fight”
1:41 zg19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נַעֲלֶה֙ & לַעֲלֹ֥ת הָהָֽרָה 1 Here, **go up** means “approach in battle.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “We ourselves shall go to war … to attack the hill {country}.”
1:41 l3as rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הָהָֽרָה 1 Here, **hill {country}** refers to the people that live in that area. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the people who live in the hill {country}”
1:42 zjfh rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לֹ֤א תַֽעֲלוּ֙ וְלֹא־תִלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ כִּ֥י אֵינֶ֖נִּי בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם וְלֹא֙ תִּנָּֽגְפ֔וּ לִפְנֵ֖י אֹיְבֵיכֶֽם 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could move the last phrase to the beginning, since the last phrase gives the reason for the result that the beginning of the sentence describes. Alternate translation: “I will not be among you, so do not go up and do not fight, so you will not be defeated before the face of your enemies.”
1:42 ahae rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֤א תַֽעֲלוּ֙ 1 Here, **go up** means “approach in battle.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not go to war”
1:42 vgw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְלֹא֙ תִּנָּֽגְפ֔וּ לִפְנֵ֖י אֹיְבֵיכֶֽם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “or your enemies will defeat you,”
1:42 vuy5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֖י 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by”
1:43 q8fb פִּ֣י 1 Here, **mouth** refers to Yahweh’s commands and what he says to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the command of”
1:43 hqd8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַתַּעֲל֥וּ הָהָֽרָה 1 Here, **go up** means “approach in battle.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and attacked the hill {country}”
1:43 t5l6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הָהָֽרָה 1 Here, **hill {country}** refers to the people that live in that area. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the people who live in the hill {country}”
1:44 z33p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וַיִּרְדְּפ֣וּ אֶתְכֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ינָה הַדְּבֹרִ֑ים 1 A **bee** is a small, flying insect that flies in large groups and stings people who threaten them. This means that so many Amorites attacked the Israelite soldiers that they had to leave the battle. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar expression, or state the meaning plainly. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) Alternate translation: “and chased you like a dog chases a cat” “and chased you persistently”
1:44 xcg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַֽיַּכְּת֥וּ אֶתְכֶ֛ם 1 Here, **struck down** means “defeated in battle” or “caused to retreat.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar expression, or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and defeated you in battle”
1:44 z2yu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּשֵׂעִ֖יר 1 **Seir** is a mountainous area south of the Dead Sea. The area is also called Edom.
1:44 j3li rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חָרְמָֽה 1 The word **Hormah** is the name of a city.
1:45 yrs7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַתָּשֻׁ֥בוּ 1 The implication is that the fighting men returned from the battle to where the rest of the Israelites were camping at Kadesh Barnea. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And you returned to Kadesh Barnea”
1:45 a65i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַתִּבְכּ֖וּ 1 Here, **weep** means “ask for help in a time of need.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “asked for help”
1:45 d7e5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the presence of”
1:45 wf0c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּקֹ֣לְכֶ֔ם 1 Here, **voice** represent the words the Israelites spoke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “to what you said”
1:45 w3kr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְלֹ֥א הֶאֱזִ֖ין 1 Here, **give ear** is an idiom that means “listen.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he did not lend his ear” or “and he did not pay attention”
1:45 tvc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet וְלֹֽא־שָׁמַ֤ע יְהוָה֙ בְּקֹ֣לְכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א הֶאֱזִ֖ין אֲלֵיכֶֽם 1 The phrases **Yahweh did not listen to your voice** and **he did not give ear to you** mean similar things. The author uses the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “but Yahweh did not pay any attention to you.”
1:46 fnvl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים כַּיָּמִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְשַׁבְתֶּֽם 1 The expression **according to the days that you stayed {there}** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “many days.”
2:intro ji46 0 # Deuteronomy 2 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Covenant faithfulness\n\nYahweh is faithful to the covenant he made with Abraham. He is also faithful to the promises he made with Esau and Lot. Because of this, Israel was given specific land it was able to conquer in Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
2:1 b9af Then we turned and took our journey 0 Alternate translation: “Then we turned around and went”
2:1 yf1v we went around Mount Seir for many days 0 This could mean: (1) the Israelites traveled around the mountain called Seir for a very long time or (2) the Israelites wandered in a region called Mount Seir for a very long time.
2:1 r626 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Seir 0 This is a mountainous area south of the Dead Sea. The area is also called “Edom.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:2](../01/02.md)
2:4 trl3 of your brothers, the descendants of Esau 0 Alternate translation: “of your relatives, the descendants of Esau”
2:5 e5j7 I have given Mount Seir to Esau as a possession 0 Yahweh is reminding the Israelites that he has given this territory to the descendants of Esau.
2:6 qn8p You will purchase food from them 0 Yahweh is giving them permission or instruction, not a command, and he is telling them not to steal. “I permit you to purchase food from them” or “If you need food, you are to purchase it from them”
2:6 pc6f from them 0 Alternate translation: “from Esau’s descendants”
2:6 ru4x for money 0 If these words are not needed or make the translation unclear, you may omit them.
2:7 st5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you your God has blessed you … your hand … your walking … your God … with you, and you have lacked 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular.
2:7 ief6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche you in all the work of your hand 0 The “work of your hand” refers to all the work they had done. Alternate translation: “all of your work”
2:7 act3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he has known your walking 0 Here what happened to the people while they were walking is spoken of as their “walking.”
2:7 u2px rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty years 0 Alternate translation: “40 years”
2:7 l4f1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes you have lacked nothing 0 This is a litotes for “you have had everything you needed.”
2:8 ctw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Elath … Ezion Geber 0 These are names of cities.
2:8 lbh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom we turned 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “we kept going”
2:9 g8pa rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 # General Information:\n\nThis is the end of a part of Moses’ speech reminding the Israelites of how Yahweh guided them in the wilderness.
2:9 ftp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Do not trouble Moab 0 The word “Moab” represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “Do not trouble the people of Moab”
2:9 cs7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ar 0 This is the name of a city in Moab.
2:9 sl7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the descendants of Lot 0 The people of Israel were related to the descendants of Moab. Moab was the son of Lot. Lot was the nephew of Abraham.
2:10 am7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 # General Information:\n\nThe writer begins to give background information about the people of the land. These words are not part of Moses’ speech to the Israelites.
2:10 n8xl rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background The Emites lived 0 These words give background information about the Emite people, who had lived in the land before the Moabites. Your language may have a special way to mark background information.
2:10 d4pi rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Emites 0 This is the name of a people group that were considered giants.
2:10 yv8c Anakim 0 These are descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/28.md).
2:11 zxl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 # General Information:\n\nThis continues the background information about the different people groups that had lived in the land. (See: [Deuteronomy 2:10](./10.md)).
2:11 eds2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Rephaim 0 This is the name of a people group that were considered giants.
2:12 j8rr rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 # General Information:\n\nThis continues the background information about the different people groups that had lived in the land. (See: [Deuteronomy 2:10](./10.md)).
2:12 ye16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Horites 0 This is the name of a people group.
2:12 v8s2 destroyed them from before them 0 Alternate translation: “killed all of them so none of them were left living with them” or “removed them from their presence by killing all of them”
2:13 ruf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ‘Now rise up … Zered.’ So 0 Alternate translation: “‘Then Yahweh said, “Now rise up … Zered.’ So.” This can be translated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh told us to rise up … Zered. So”
2:13 va2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom rise up 0 begin to do something
2:13 mn1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the brook Zered 0 This stream flows into the Dead Sea from the southeast and creates the border between Edom and Moab.
2:14 h8wz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now the days 0 The word “now” marks a change from the story to background information about how long the people of Israel traveled and about God’s anger towards that generation. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here.
2:14 s3qf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers thirty-eight years 0 Alternate translation: “38 years”
2:14 a2ue rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism were gone from the people 0 This is a polite way of saying “had died.”
2:15 q5m7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the hand of Yahweh was against 0 Here “the hand of Yahweh” refers to Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh used his power against” or “Yahweh punished”
2:18 yrj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you You are 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” is singular.
2:18 g7yv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ar 0 This is the name of a city in Moab. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 2:9](../02/09.md).
2:19 c269 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you do not trouble … will not give you 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the command and the word “you” are singular.
2:19 af4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to the descendants of Lot 0 The people of Israel were related to the descendants of Ammon. Ammon was the son of Lot. Lot was the nephew of Abraham.
2:20 s8bn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses begin to give background information about the people groups who lived in the land. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here.
2:20 n15r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive That also is considered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People also consider that”
2:20 p2rw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Rephaim 0 This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:11](../02/11.md).
2:21 fpu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Anakim 0 This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/28.md).
2:21 sq14 destroyed them before the Ammonites 0 Alternate translation: “allowed the Ammonites to defeat them” or “allowed the Ammonites to kill them all”
2:21 xz3g they succeeded them and lived in their place 0 Alternate translation: “the Ammonites took over everything the Rephaim had owned and have lived where the Rephaim had lived”
2:22 y1ib rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Horites 0 This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:12](../02/12.md).
2:22 yq6w succeeded them and have lived in their place 0 Alternate translation: “took over everything the Horites had owned and have lived where the Horites had lived”
2:23 c7kb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Avvites … Caphtorim 0 These are names of people groups.
2:23 wmz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Caphtor 0 This is the name of a place. It may be another name for the island of Crete located in the Mediterranean Sea.
2:24 v5lr 0 # General Information:\n\nThe writer has finished giving background information and is now again telling what Moses said to the Israelites.
2:24 v45y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Valley of the Arnon 0 This is the name of the valley of the Arnon River. It creates the border between Moab and the Amorites.
2:24 j7cy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I have given into your hand 0 The metonym “into your hand” means “into your control or power.” Alternate translation: “I have given you the power to defeat”
2:24 g8xa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you your hand … Begin to possess it … fight 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “your” and the commands “begin to possess” and “fight” are singular.
2:24 gvu7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Sihon 0 This is the name of a king. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
2:24 q9kc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heshbon 0 This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
2:25 il8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you terror of you … news about you … because of you 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” are singular.
2:25 jg6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet put the fear and terror 0 The words “fear” and “terror” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the fear is intense. Alternate translation: “put a terrible fear”
2:25 x3s5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom peoples that are under the whole sky 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “peoples in every land”
2:25 fjp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys tremble and be in anguish 0 This is hendiadys and emphasizes that the people will “tremble in anguish.”
2:26 p6fj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names wilderness of Kedemoth 0 This is the name of a place near the valley of Arnon.
2:26 t59e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Sihon … Heshbon 0 These are the names of a man and a place. See how you translated them in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
2:27 zr26 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes I will turn neither to the right hand nor to the left 0 This phrase emphasizes that they will always go in the same direction. It can be stated in positive form. “I will not change direction” or “I will always stay on the path”
2:28 n54c You will sell me food for money, so that I may eat; give me water for money, so that I may drink 0 Moses tells Sihon that the Israelites will not steal from the Amorites and requests that Sihon and his people sell food and water to the Israelites; he is not giving a command. Alternate translation: “I expect to have to pay for food so I can eat and to pay for water so I can drink”
2:28 jp21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche sell me … I may eat … give me … I may drink 0 Moses is referring to the people of Israel as if they were Moses himself. Alternate translation: “sell to me and my people … we may eat … give us … we may drink”
2:30 pe7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Sihon … Heshbon 0 These are the names of a man and a place. See how you translated them in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
2:30 n8cg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you your God … your might 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “your” are singular.
2:30 fad4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism hardened his mind and made his heart obstinate 0 Both of these phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh “caused him to become very stubborn.”
2:31 wz3l to deliver up Sihon and his land before you 0 Alternate translation: “to give Sihon and his land over to you”
2:31 mi9p begin to possess it, in order that you may inherit his land 0 Alternate translation: “take possession of his land, so that you may inherit it”
2:36 i479 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Aroer 0 This is the name of a city on the north bank of the Arnon River.
2:36 pd7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Valley of the Arnon 0 Alternate translation: “Arnon” is the name of a river. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md).
2:36 snr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes there was not a city too high for us 0 This negative statement is used to emphasize their success in battle. This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “we were able to defeat the people of every city even if the city had high walls around it”
2:37 v1z7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you did not go 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so “you” is singular.
2:37 vt6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jabbok River 0 This is the name of a river that created the border between Sihon’s land and the land of the Ammonites.
3:intro z1ea 0 # Deuteronomy 3 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Victories\n\nThe victories recorded in this chapter occurred on the east side of the Jordan River. This was not part of the Promised Land, which was on the west side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
3:1 z2w7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Og 0 This is the name of a king. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
3:1 v626 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Edrei 0 This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
3:2 a3g7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Sihon 0 This is the name of a king. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
3:2 dc9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heshbon 0 This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
3:2 hn64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Yahweh said to me, ‘Do not fear him; & given you … under your control … You will do … as you did … at Heshbon.’ 0 Yahweh is speaking to Moses as if Moses were the Israelites, so the command “do not fear” and all instances of “you” and “your” are plural.
3:2 w9tj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture I have given you victory 0 Yahweh speaks of what he will do as if he had already done it.
3:2 pqq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche You will do to him as you did to Sihon 0 The word “him” is a metonym for “his people.” Alternate translation: “You will destroy Og and his people as you did Sihon”
3:3 n4lw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive all his people were put under our control 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh put all of Og’s people under our control”
3:3 rm5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes not one of his people remained 0 This is a litotes that is used to emphasize that the Israelites did not let anyone live. Alternate translation: “all of his people were dead”
3:4 nwb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives There was not one of the sixty cities that we did not take 0 This is a double negative that emphasizes that they took all of the 60 cities. Alternate translation: “We took every one of the sixty cities”
3:8 e82d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of the hand of the two kings 0 Here the metonym “out of the hand of” means “from the control of.” Alternate translation: “from the control of the two kings” or “from the two kings”
3:8 kg66 Amorites 0 Alternate translation: “Amorite people.” See how you translated the name of this people group in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
3:8 l9c4 beyond the Jordan 0 This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “east of the Jordan River”
3:8 c8hd the Valley of the Arnon 0 See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md).
3:8 b5q8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Hermon 0 This is the name of a mountain at the northern border of Bashan.
3:9 nk7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Hermon … Sirion … Senir 0 These are all names of the same mountain which is at the northern border of Bashan.
3:11 ev4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Was it not in Rabbah, & live? 0 The writer uses a question to remind the people of Israel that they could go to Rabbah and see how large Og must have been. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. This could mean: (1) “It was in Rabbah, … live.” or (2) “It is in Rabbah … live.”
3:11 b98u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance cubits 0 A cubit is 46 centimeters.
3:13 xzf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background The same territory is called the land of Rephaim 0 The writer begins to present background information about the land that the people of Israel captured. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here.
3:14 xv6z 0 # General Information:\n\nThis continues the background information about the land the people of Israel captured ([Deuteronomy 3:13](../03/13.md)).
3:15 x1nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names to Machir 0 Machir was the son of Manasseh. He had died before Moses gave this land. The name is a metonym for the descendants of the person. Alternate translation: “to the descendants of Machir”
3:16 ni9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jabbok River 0 This is the name of a river that created the border between Sihon’s land and the land of the Ammonites. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:37](../02/37.md).
3:18 i1zt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I commanded you at that time 0 Moses reminds the tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh that they must help the other Israelites conquer the rest of the land God promised them.
3:20 isu7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh gives rest to your brothers 0 The writer speaks as if the ability to rest were a physical object that could be given as a gift. The word “rest” is also a metaphor for peaceful life in which there is no war. Alternate translation: “Yahweh allows your brothers to rest” or “Yahweh allows your brothers to stop fighting wars and live peacefully”
3:20 ac2j beyond the Jordan 0 This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “east of the Jordan River”
3:20 s3hn then will you return 0 Moses is emphasizing that the other tribes must possess their land before Yahweh will permit these three tribes to possess their land. “only then are you to return.”
3:23 j4ne I implored 0 Here “I” refers to Moses. This means he asked God in a very earnest, emotional way.
3:24 z9tn to show your servant 0 Here “your servant” is a polite way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: “to show me, your servant”
3:24 idr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your strong hand 0 Here the metonym “hand” means control or power. Alternate translation: “your power”
3:24 qkn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion for what god is there … acts? 0 Moses uses a question to emphasize that Yahweh is the only God with the power to do the works he has done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “for there is no god … acts.”
3:24 ls1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism in heaven or in earth 0 These two extremes together mean “anywhere.”
3:25 c8zq beyond the Jordan 0 Alternate translation: “west of the Jordan River.” When Moses spoke these words to Yahweh, he was east of the Jordan River in Moab.
3:26 p3zp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Yahweh was angry with me because of you 0 This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:37](../01/37.md).
3:27 a7ag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom lift up your eyes 0 The words “lift up your eyes” are an idiom that means look. Alternate translation: “look”
4:intro d8g8 0 # Deuteronomy 4 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Law of Moses\n\nIn order to possess the land, the people needed to obey the law of Moses. This will be the most important thing in the religious life of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])\n\n### Moses’ instructions\nMoses is not allowed to enter into the Promised Land. Since they are getting ready to possess the Promised Land, Moses gives them some last instructions before his death. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical Questions\n\nMoses uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these questions is to convince his readers to obey his instructions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4:1 m1n5 I am about to teach you 0 Moses is telling the people of Israel what God wants them to do.
4:1 zdp5 to do them 0 Alternate translation: “and obey them”
4:2 ft3x You will not add to the words … neither will you diminish them 0 Yahweh does not want his people to create new laws, or to ignore those he has already given them.
4:3 j4ng rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Your eyes have seen 0 Here “eyes” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “You saw”
4:3 bs2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit because of Baal Peor 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “because of the sins you committed at Baal Peor”
4:3 yl8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns Yahweh your God has destroyed them from among you 0 Moses speaks to the people of Israel as though they were one person, so “your” and “you” are singular.
4:4 x6hf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you who clung to Yahweh 0 The writer speaks as if trusting in Yahweh and obeying him were like physically holding on to a person. Alternate translation: “you who were careful to obey Yahweh”
4:6 zr9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet keep them and do them 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that they are to obey them. Alternate translation: “obey them carefully”
4:6 bhy7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the peoples 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas behind the words **wisdom** and **understanding**, you can express the same idea with adjective phrases. Here, the word **sight** refers to how the peoples judge or decide on the value of something. Alternate translation: “this is what will show the peoples that you are wise and that you understand what is important” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:6 sr33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy this great nation is a wise and understanding people 0 The word “nation” is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “the people of this great nation are wise and understanding”
4:7 m62n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion For what other great nation is there … him? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “For there is no other great nation … him.”
4:8 g3lt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What other great nation is there … today? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no other great nation … today.”
4:9 bfw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns Only pay attention … guard yourself … you do not forget … your eyes … your heart … your life … make them known to your children and your children’s children 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they are one person, so all instances of “you,” “your,” and “yourself,” as well as the commands “pay attention,” “guard,” and “make known” are singular. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
4:9 gm1c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism you do not forget … they do not leave your heart 0 These phrases means the same thing and emphasize that the people of Israel must remember what they have seen.
4:9 hp7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche your eyes have seen 0 Here “eyes” are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “you have seen”
4:10 tkm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns you stood before Yahweh your God 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they are one person, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
4:11 ytq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom with fire to the heart of heaven 0 This is an idiom. “The heart of” means “the middle of” or “the innermost part of,” and “heaven” here refers to the sky. Alternate translation: “with a fire that went up to the sky”
4:11 f82u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys with darkness, cloud, and thick darkness 0 Here “thick darkness” describes the cloud. Alternate translation: “with a thick, dark cloud”
4:13 tk8q He declared 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh declared”
4:13 yz4x to you 0 Here “you” refers to the Israelites who were at Mount Horeb.
4:14 bdx7 in the land that you are crossing over to take possession of 0 Alternate translation: “after you have crossed over the Jordan River and taken possession of the land”
4:19 a5bt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you You shall not lift your eyes … and look … and be drawn … Yahweh your God 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” and the words “lift,” “look,” and “be drawn” are singular.
4:19 mg57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive You shall not … and be drawn away to worship 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not … and do not let anyone make you want to worship” or “Do not … and do not allow yourself worship”
4:19 r5pg all the host of the heavens 0 Alternate translation: “everything you can see in the sky.” This is another way of referring to the sun, moon, and stars.
4:19 mpi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom of which Yahweh your God has given a share all the peoples 0 This is an idiom. Moses speaks of the stars as if they were small objects like food that Yahweh was dividing and giving out to the people groups. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh your God has put there to help all people groups”
4:20 uej2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor brought you out of the iron furnace 0 Moses speaks of Egypt and the hard work the Israelites did there as if it were an oven in which iron is heated and the Israelites were the iron. Alternate translation: “brought you out of the land where people made you do hard work”
4:20 c59d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom a people of his own inheritance 0 This is an idiom that can be translated “people who belong only to him.”
4:21 l8rk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Yahweh was angry with me because of you 0 This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:37](../01/37.md).
4:21 qnf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Yahweh your God is giving to you 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so “you” and “your” are singular.
4:23 q9m3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Yahweh your God has forbidden you 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one person, so the words “you” and “your” are singular.
4:24 z6c8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh your God is a devouring fire, a jealous God 0 Moses compares how Yahweh acts when he is angry to the way a fire destroys things. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will severely punish and destroy you like a fire does because he does not want you to worship other gods”
4:24 d51q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Yahweh your God 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one person, so the word “your” is singular.
4:25 txa1 beget 0 become the father of, or become the ancestor of
4:25 r6pb if you corrupt yourselves 0 Alternate translation: “if you do what is wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md).
4:25 v824 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom do what is evil in the sight of Yahweh your God, to provoke him to anger 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you make Yahweh your God angry by doing what he says is evil”
4:26 lbi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I call heaven and earth to witness 0 This could mean: (1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or (2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4:26 tz2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will not prolong your days 0 Long days are a metaphor for a long life. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to live a long time”
4:26 eme2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole but you will be completely destroyed 0 As indicated in 4:27, not every Israelite will be killed. Here “completely destroy” is a generalization and emphasizes that many of the Israelites will die. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but Yahweh will destroy many of you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:27 swv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh will scatter you among the peoples 0 Moses speaks as if the people were seeds that Yahweh would scatter around a field. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will send you to many different places and force you to live there”
4:28 eq2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the work of men’s hands, wood and stone 0 Here “men’s hands” refers the men themselves, and “the work … wood and stone” to the idols that they have created. Alternate translation: “the wood and stone idols that men have made”
4:29 t9hj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel. He speaks as though they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular.
4:29 pl1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with all your heart and with all your soul 0 Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
4:30 xhr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom listen to his voice 0 Here “listen” is an idiom that means to hear and obey. Also, “his voice” refers to Yahweh and emphasizes what he says. Alternate translation: “obey what he says” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4:32 yss9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and the command “ask now” are singular.
4:33 gv8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Did ever a people hear the voice of God speaking out of the midst of the fire, as you have heard, and live? 0 Here the people of Israel are reminded of how Yahweh has spoken to them in an amazing way in the past. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No other people besides you has heard God speak from the middle of the fire and lived.”
4:33 uge5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche hear the voice of God speaking 0 Here God is represented by his voice. Alternate translation: “hear God’s voice as he spoke”
4:34 uct8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor by a mighty hand, and by an outstretched arm 0 Here “a mighty hand” and “an outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “by showing his mighty power”
4:34 r398 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche before your eyes 0 Here “eyes” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “in front of you”
4:35 yl1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular.
4:35 nu4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive To you these things were shown 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh showed you these things”
4:36 pii8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy made you … you heard 0 Moses speaks as if the people to whom he was speaking were the people he had spoken to at Mount Sinai many years earlier. The people at Mount Sinai were actually the fathers of the people to whom he was speaking these words. Alternate translation: “made your fathers … your fathers heard”
4:37 ss1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular.
4:37 p6x2 your fathers 0 This refers to Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Jacob’s sons.
4:37 yey2 with his presence, with his great power 0 Alternate translation: “with the great power that comes from his presence” or “with his great power”
4:39 esi7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular.
4:39 ufg5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom lay it on your heart 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember it”
4:39 f524 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism in heaven above and on the earth beneath 0 The two phrases “in heaven” and “on the earth” show two extremes and mean “everywhere.” Alternate translation: “over everything”
4:40 c3aw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor prolong your days 0 Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time”
4:41 bt78 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses’s speech, which began in [Deuteronomy 1:6](../01/06.md), has finished, and the writer continues the narrative that ended in [Deuteronomy 1:5](../01/05.md).
4:46 zf9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Peor 0 This is the name of a town in Moab near Mount Pisgah. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:29](../03/29.md).
4:46 c8za Sihon … Amorites … Heshbon 0 Alternate translation: “King Sihon … Amorite people … town of Heshbon.” See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
4:47 h15l beyond the Jordan toward the east 0 This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. Alternate translation: “from the side of the Jordan River toward the east”
4:48 kwj2 Aroer 0 This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:36](../02/36.md).
4:48 n3ct the Valley of the Arnon 0 This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md).
4:48 vyn6 Mount Siyon … Mount Hermon 0 These are different names for the same mountain. The word “Sion” is another spelling of “Sirion” ([Deuteronomy 3:9](../03/09.md)). See how you translated “Mount Hermon” in [Deuteronomy 3:8](../03/08.md).
4:49 axk1 eastward beyond the Jordan 0 This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. Alternate translation: “eastward from the side of the Jordan River”
5:intro xsp1 0 # Deuteronomy 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each of the commandements in the list of Ten Commandments in 5:7–21 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT uses a separate paragraph for each commandment.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Ten commandments\n\nThis chapter repeats the material of Exodus 20. It is known as the Ten Commandments.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphors and idioms\n\nMoses uses metaphors and idioms to instruct the people to follow the law of Moses. This is because it is very important to follow these laws. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
5:1 vj47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole called to all Israel 0 Here “all” is a generalization. Moses wanted everyone in Israel to hear and obey his words, but his voice was probably not so loud that everyone actually heard him.
5:1 rwb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche that I will speak in your ears today 0 Here “ears” refers to the whole person. This metaphor emphasizes that the people know what Moses has said to them, so they cannot sin and then say they did not know they were sinning. Alternate translation: “that I will speak to you today” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:3 hf3s Yahweh did not make this covenant with our ancestors 0 This could mean: (1) Yahweh did not only make a covenant with those who were at Horeb; the covenant was also with the later generations of Israelites or (2) Yahweh did not make this covenant with their distant ancestors, such as, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; instead, this covenant began with the Israelites at Horeb.
5:4 h6t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom face to face 0 Use your language’s idiom for two people who are close to each other and looking at each other when they are speaking to each other.
5:6 fbu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of the house of slavery 0 Here the metonym “house of slavery” refers to Egypt where the people of Israel had been slaves. Alternate translation: “out of the place where you were slaves”
5:7 f42x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues reminding the people what Yahweh has commanded them. The phrases “you will” and “you will not” are commands. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one person.
5:8 bs7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water below 0 This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “that is in the earth beneath your feet, or that is in the water below the earth”
5:9 a6ef rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular.
5:10 zxf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns showing covenant faithfulness to thousands, to those who love me 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you can express the same idea with “faithfully” or “faithful.” Alternate translation: “faithfully loving thousands, those who love me” or “being faithful to the covenant with thousands, with those who love me”
5:10 gvi1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to thousands, to those who love me 0 Some translations read “to a thousand generations of those who love me.” The word “thousands” is a metonym for a number too many to count. Alternate translation: “forever, to those who love me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
5:11 kd28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular.
5:11 in6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives Yahweh will not hold him guiltless 0 This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will consider him guilty” or “Yahweh will punish him”
5:12 vbs1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular.
5:14 c3x8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche within your gates 0 Here “gates” is a reference to the city itself. Alternate translation: “within your community” or “inside your city” or “living with you”
5:15 x69h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular.
5:15 p52p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom You will call to mind 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “You must remember”
5:15 ls4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor by a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm 0 Here “a mighty hand” and “an outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahweh’s power. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “by showing his mighty power”
5:16 g54g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular.
5:17 x2en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular.
5:21 msw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular.
5:23 ar5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche heard the voice 0 The word “voice” is a metonym for the sound of the voice or for the person who was speaking. Alternate translation: “heard the sound of the voice” or “heard Yahweh speaking”
5:25 zra9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion But why should we die? 0 They were afraid that they would die if Yahweh spoke to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We are afraid that we will die.”
5:26 qk3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion For who besides us is there … have done? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There are no other people besides us … have done.”
5:26 sdf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche all flesh 0 This represents all people or living things. Alternate translation: “all people” or “all living beings”
5:29 m98l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Oh, that there were 0 If your language has an idiom that expresses a strong desire for something, you might want to use it here. Alternate translation: “I would be very happy if there were”
5:32 w87i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will not turn aside to the right hand or to the left 0 This compares a person disobeying God to a person turning off of the correct path. Alternate translation: “you will not disobey him in any way” or “you will do everything he says”
5:33 ype4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor prolong your days 0 Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:40](../04/40.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time”
6:intro q4y8 0 # Deuteronomy 6 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s blessings\nYahweh’s continued blessing of the people of Israel is dependent upon the people’s obedience to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphors\n\nThere are many metaphors in this chapter. These metaphors describe the greatness of the Promised Land the wholehearted worship that is completely dedicated to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
6:1 it53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues the speech to the people of Israel he began in [Deuteronomy 5:1](../05/01.md). Beginning in verse 2, he speaks to the people of Israel as if they were one person.
6:2 i3ku rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor that your days may be prolonged 0 Long days are a metaphor for a long life. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This can be translated similarly to “prolong your days” in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “that I may prolong your days” or “that I may cause you to live a long time” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6:3 jl47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person.
6:3 yk4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit listen to them 0 Here “listen” means to obey, and “them” refers to Yahweh’s commandments. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “listen to Yahweh’s commandments, statutes, and decrees”
6:3 t77l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom a land flowing with milk and honey 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming”
6:4 cip9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person.
6:5 dc6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your might 0 Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These three phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated “with all your heart, with all your soul” in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
6:6 g3hf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person.
6:7 ye1m you will diligently teach … you will talk 0 Alternate translation: “I command you to diligently teach … I command you to talk.” The reader should understand these as commands.
6:8 mh97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person.
6:8 x5c9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy tie them 0 This is a metonym for “write these words on parchment, put the parchment in a pouch, and tie the pouch.” This metonym in turn may be a metaphor for “obey these words so that it is as if they were physically there.” Alternate translation: “tie these words” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:8 w48b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy they will serve as frontlets 0 This is a metonym for “write these words on parchment, put the parchment in a pouch, and tie the pouch to your head so it sits.” This metonym in turn may be a metaphor for “obey these words so that it is as if they were physically there.” Alternate translation: “my words will serve as frontlets” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:10 gu32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person.
6:10 yge8 large and very good cities that you did not build 0 All these cities will belong to the people of Israel when they conquer the people in Canaan.
6:12 kq91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of the house of bondage 0 Here the metonym “house of bondage” refers to Egypt, the place where the people of Israel had been slaves. Alternate translation: “out of the place where you were slaves”
6:13 i1uw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person.
6:13 b8cf You will honor Yahweh your God; him you will worship, and you will swear by his name 0 Alternate translation: “It is Yahweh your God and no one else whom you will honor; it is he alone whom you will worship, and it is by his name and only his name that you will swear.” Your language may have another way of emphasizing that Yahweh is telling the Israelites not to worship or serve any other god.
6:13 rn98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you will swear by his name 0 To swear by the name of Yahweh means to make Yahweh the basis or the power on which the oath is made. The metonym “his name” refers to Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “you will swear and ask Yahweh to confirm it” or “when you swear you will speak his name”
6:15 hb7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the anger of Yahweh your God will be kindled against you 0 Moses compares Yahweh’s anger to someone starting a fire to destroy things. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. To kindle anger is a metaphor for becoming very angry. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will kindle his anger” or “Yahweh your God will become very angry” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:16 bd27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person.
6:16 qk5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Massah 0 This is the name of a place in the desert. The translator may add a footnote that says: “The name ‘Massah’ means ‘testing.’”
6:18 yri1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person.
6:18 zh1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom You will do what is right and good in the sight of Yahweh 0 This idiom is a command and a blessing. If the Israelites obey Yahweh, they will receive blessings from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Do what Yahweh says is right and good”
6:20 h9eh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person.
6:20 vrj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy What are the covenant decrees … commanded you 0 In this question the “covenant decrees” represent their meaning and purpose. Alternate translation: “What do the covenant decrees … commanded mean to you” or “Why should you obey the covenant decrees … commanded you”
6:21 c19m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor with a mighty hand 0 Here “a mighty hand” refers to Yahweh’s power. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “with his mighty power”
6:22 c7l2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy on all his house 0 Here the metonym “his house” refers to the people of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “on all of his people”
6:22 k3se rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche before our eyes 0 Here the word “eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “where we could see them”
6:23 atp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit might bring us in 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “might bring us into Canaan”
6:24 nhg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. He tells them what they should tell their children about Yahweh’s commandments.
6:25 bva9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy this will be our righteousness 0 The word “this” refers to keeping Yahweh’s commands. This is a metonym for Yahweh considering them righteous. Alternate translation: “he will consider us righteous”
7:intro y1wn 0 # Deuteronomy 7 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### “You must completely destroy them”\nThe people of Canaan were to be punished by Yahweh. Yahweh used Israel to punish these nations. If they were not completely destroyed, they would lead Israel into sin. Therefore, they were to be completely destroyed and be shown no mercy. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])\n\n### Abrahamic Covenant\n\nThis chapter references parts of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham. It also emphasizes Yahweh’s faithfulness to this covenant. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
7:1 zv16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person.
7:2 wdj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person.
7:2 h8dz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor gives them over to you 0 Moses speaks of victory as if it were a physical object one person could give to another. Alternate translation: “enables you to defeat them”
7:4 y5rt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person.
7:4 rsx4 For they will 0 Alternate translation: “If you allow your children to marry the people from the other nations, the people from the other nations will”
7:4 x5dn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor So the anger of Yahweh will be kindled against you 0 Moses compares Yahweh’s anger to someone starting a fire. This emphasizes Yahweh’s power to destroy what makes him angry. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will kindle his anger against you” or “Then Yahweh will become very angry with you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:4 nm8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you against you 0 The word “you” refers to all the Israelites and so is plural.
7:5 m2rl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you will deal … You will break … dash … cut … burn 0 Moses is speaking to all the Israelites here, so these words are all plural.
7:6 bdz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses tells the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person.
7:6 d86k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you are a nation that is set apart 0 Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations.
7:6 uqx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom that are on the face of the earth 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that live on the earth”
7:7 y5fb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words. All instances of “you” and “your” are plural.
7:7 s7u3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom did not set his love upon you 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “did not love you more than he loved others”
7:8 j4hq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor with a mighty hand 0 Here “a mighty hand” refers to Yahweh’s power. These words also appear in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “with his mighty power”
7:8 xtl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor redeemed you out of the house of bondage 0 Moses speaks of Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves as if Yahweh had paid money to a slave owner. Alternate translation: “rescued you from being slaves”
7:8 wdf1 house of bondage 0 Here the metonym “house of bondage” refers to Egypt, the place where the people of Israel had been slaves. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 6:12](../06/12.md). Alternate translation: “out of the place where you were slaves”
7:8 u9xe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy hand of Pharaoh 0 Here “hand” means “the control of.” Alternate translation: “control of Pharaoh”
7:9 wd9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person.
7:9 ky8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers for a thousand generations 0 Alternate translation: “for 1,000 generations”
7:10 g32i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom repays those who hate him to their face 0 This idiom means “repays them quickly and openly so that they know God has punished them.”
7:10 xk2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes he will not be lenient on whoever hates him 0 The words “not be lenient” are an understatement to emphasize that Yahweh will severely punish. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will severely punish everyone who hates him”
7:12 v1lv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words. He speaks as if the Israelites are one person in verse 12 and to all of them as a group in verse 13.
7:14 f2th rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person.
7:14 fiu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive You will be blessed more than all other peoples 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will bless you more than I bless any other people”
7:14 e33a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes there will not be a childless male or a barren female among you or among your cattle 0 Moses uses a negative statement to emphasize that they all will be able to have children. This may be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “All of you will be able to have children and your cattle will be able to reproduce”
7:14 xr4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you among you … your cattle 0 The words “you” and “your” are plural here.
7:15 x26j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor none of the evil diseases … will he put on you, but he will put them on all those who hate you 0 Moses speaks as if disease were a heavy object that Yahweh would put on top of people. Alternate translation: “he will not make you sick with any of the evil diseases … but he will make your enemies sick with them”
7:16 x9kc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person.
7:16 aia1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your eye will not pity them 0 This is a command. Moses speaks as if what the eye sees were the eye itself. Alternate translation: “do not allow what you see to cause you to pity them” or “do not pity them because you see that what you are doing is hurting them”
7:16 yvn8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor that will be a trap for you 0 If the people worship other gods, they will be like an animal caught in a hunter’s trap, and they will be unable to escape.
7:17 rl9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person.
7:17 bsr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom If you say in your heart 0 The people should not be afraid even if they notice that the nations are stronger than they are. Alternate translation: “Even if you say in your heart”
7:17 p5tn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom say in your heart 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “think”
7:17 pn9g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion how can I dispossess them? 0 Moses uses a question to emphasize that the people may feel afraid of the other nations. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not know how I will be able to dispossess them”
7:18 ls4k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom do not be afraid 0 The people should not be afraid even if they notice that the nations are stronger than they are. Alternate translation: “even then do not be afraid”
7:18 fbw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom you will call to mind 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you must remember”
7:19 a3ur rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche that your eyes saw 0 Here “eyes” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “that you saw”
7:19 ph4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the mighty hand, and the outstretched arm 0 Here “a mighty hand” and “an outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahweh’s power. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “and the mighty power”
7:20 xr3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person.
7:20 sji2 send the hornet 0 This could mean: (1) God will send actual flying insects that sting people and cause pain, or (2) God will cause the people to become terrified and want to run away.
7:23 m5in rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person.
7:23 lkz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom give you victory over 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “enable you to defeat”
7:23 cpi5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive until they are destroyed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until you have destroyed them”
7:24 v25y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom you will make their name perish from under heaven 0 The Israelites will completely destroy all the people from those nations, and in the future no one will remember them.
7:25 tq89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words. In verse 25 he speaks to the group as a group, so the forms of “you” are plural, but in verse 26 he speaks as if the Israelites are one person, so the forms are singular.
7:25 su6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will become trapped by it 0 Even taking the gold or silver on the idols could cause the people to start worshiping them. By doing this they would become like an animal caught by a trap. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it will become a trap to you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:25 z31g for it is an abomination to Yahweh your God 0 These words tell why Yahweh wants the people to burn the idols. “do this because Yahweh your God hates it very much”
7:26 b8dp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet You will utterly detest and abhor 0 The words “detest” and “abhor” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of hatred. Alternate translation: “You will completely hate”
7:26 xs75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor for it is set apart for destruction 0 Yahweh cursing something and promising to destroy it is spoken of as if Yahweh were setting the object apart from everything else. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh has set it apart for destruction” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8:intro w4zj 0 # Deuteronomy 8 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Forgetting\n\nThis chapter recalls the great things that Yahweh has done for Israel and is about to do for them. This is so they do not forget him and they will continue to worship him. They must remember that Yahweh is the source of their blessings. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
8:1 rbf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
8:1 zvt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you You must keep … you may live and multiply, and go in and possess … your fathers 0 All instances of “you” and “your” and the verbs are plural.
8:2 t2tj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom You will call to mind 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “You must remember”
8:2 c56q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty years 0 Alternate translation: “40 years”
8:2 y8fn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy what was in your heart 0 The heart is a symbol of a person’s character. Alternate translation: “what kind of people you are” or “how you would behave”
8:3 aiu7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. He continues to remind them of what they should “call to mind” ([Deuteronomy 8:2](../08/02.md)).
8:3 upj2 He humbled you 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh showed you how weak and sinful you are.” See how “he might humble you” is translated in [Deuteronomy 8:2](../08/02.md).
8:3 ygr4 fed you with manna 0 Alternate translation: “gave you manna to eat”
8:3 t9be rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche it is not by bread alone that people live 0 Here “bread” represents all food. Alternate translation: “food is not the only thing people need so they can live”
8:3 d9as rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy it is by everything that proceeds out of the mouth of Yahweh that people live 0 Here “the mouth of Yahweh” is a metonym for the words that Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “people must obey the commands of Yahweh so they can live” or “people must do what Yahweh tells them to do so they can live”
8:4 b3h6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
8:5 fn6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You will think about in your heart 0 Here the metonym “heart” represents the thoughts and understanding of a person. Alternate translation: “You will understand”
8:9 gx2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
8:9 s4ft rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes a land in which you will eat bread without lack 0 This litotes can be translated positively. Alternate translation: “a land where there will be plenty of food for you”
8:9 s966 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives where you will not go without anything 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “where you will have everything you need”
8:12 g242 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThis verse describes the first two items of a list of five things that might make the Israelites forget about Yahweh (verse 11): “when you eat and are full” and “when you build good houses.”
8:12 eyd5 when you eat and are full 0 Alternate translation: “when you have enough food to eat”
8:12 ft1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your heart will be lifted up 0 Here “heart” represents the inner person. To become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the person’s heart is lifted up. Alternate translation: “you will become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8:13 vg4r Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThis verse describes the last three of the five things that might cause them to forget Yahweh. The first two are “you eat and are full” and “you build good houses and live in them” ([Deuteronomy 8:12](./12.md)). The last three are “when your herds and flocks multiply,” “when your silver and gold increase,” and “all that you have is multiplied.”
8:13 ax24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive all that you have is multiplied 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have many more things” or “you have many more possessions”
8:14 rus3 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThis verse contains the first two of three items Moses warns the people to be careful of ([Deuteronomy 8:11](./11.md)): that “your heart becomes lifted up” and “you forget Yahweh your God.” It then lists the first of four characteristics of Yahweh that they need to remember, that Yahweh “brought you out of the land of Egypt.”
8:14 en28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your heart becomes lifted up 0 Here “heart” represents the inner person. To become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the person’s heart is lifted up. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 8:12](../08/12.md). Alternate translation: “you become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8:14 a2g6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish who brought you out 0 Moses begins to remind the Israelites of what they know about Yahweh.
8:14 k1uk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor out of the house of bondage 0 This is a metaphor for the time they were slaves in Egypt. Alternate translation: “out from the place where you were slaves”
8:15 p6ka Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThis verse gives the second and third items in the list of characteristics that Moses reminds the Israelites that they must remember about “Yahweh your God” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)) the first being that he “brought you out of Egypt” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)). the second that he led them “through the … wilderness,” and the third that he “brought … water out of the rock.”
8:15 x3kw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
8:15 c4zs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish 0 Moses continues to remind the Israelites of what they know about Yahweh ([Deuteronomy 8:14](../08/14.md)).
8:15 x91q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification thirsty ground 0 This phrase describes the ground as being thirsty just like a person is thirsty when he needs water. Alternate translation: “dry ground”
8:16 uzq3 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThis is the fourth item in the list of characteristics that Moses reminds the Israelites that they must remember about “Yahweh your God” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)) the first being that he “brought you out of Egypt” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)), the second that he led them “through the … wilderness” ([Deuteronomy 8:15](./15.md)), and the third that he “brought … water out of the rock” ([Deuteronomy 8:15](./15.md)).
8:16 crk4 He fed 0 Moses continues to remind the Israelites of what they know about Yahweh ([Deuteronomy 8:14](../08/14.md)). “Yahweh fed”
8:16 q464 to do you good 0 Alternate translation: “to help you” or “because it would be good for you”
8:17 uf8j Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThis is the third item in the list of things that Yahweh warns the Israelites that they might do ([Deuteronomy 8:11](./11.md)), the first being “your heart becomes lifted up” and the second being “you forget Yahweh your God” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)).
8:17 sd9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy but you may say in your heart 0 This is the third thing the people might do when their hearts “become lifted up” and they “forget Yahweh” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](../08/14.md)). Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s innermost thoughts. Alternate translation: “but you may think to yourself”
8:17 g2bf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy My power and the might of my hand acquired all this wealth 0 Here “hand” refers to a man’s power or ability. Alternate translation: “I got this wealth because I am so strong and powerful” or “I have acquired all these things by my own power and ability”
8:18 ftx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
8:18 nl2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom But you will call to mind 0 This idiom is a command. Alternate translation: “But remember”
8:20 l83x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy would not listen to the voice of Yahweh 0 Here “the voice of Yahweh” means what Yahweh tells his people to do. Alternate translation: “would not obey Yahweh’s commandments”
9:intro id6j 0 # Deuteronomy 9 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s victory\nThis chapter assures the Israelites that it is Yahweh who will empower them to conquer the Promised Land. The Israelites will not be strong enough on their own to conquer these other nations. This victory will be Yahweh’s. The people did not earn this victory, but it is Yahweh’s punishment of these sinful nations. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n### Israel’s sin\nYahweh is about to punish the Canaanites for their sin. He also reminds Israel of their sin. This serves as a warning to the people of Israel. If they sin again, Yahweh will punish them too.
9:1 iqh4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
9:1 wy46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Hear, Israel 0 The word “Israel” is a metonym for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Listen, people of Israel”
9:1 zw1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole fortified up to heaven 0 This is an exaggeration that emphasizes how frightened the people were because the cities were so large and strong. See how you translated similar words in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/28.md). Alternate translation: “have walls so high it is like they reach up to the heavens”
9:2 s1te rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit sons of the Anakim 0 Descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. See how you translated similar words in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/28.md). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9:2 ar68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who can stand before the sons of Anak? 0 This means that the sons of Anak were powerful and people were afraid of them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no one who can defend himself against the sons of Anak.”
9:3 ax4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
9:4 jp4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
9:4 xr9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Do not say in your heart 0 Here “in your heart” means “in your thoughts.” Alternate translation: “Do not think to yourselves”
9:5 bb7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
9:5 r3iq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the uprightness of your heart 0 This is an idiom. “because you always thought and desired the right things”
9:5 e9iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy so that he may make come true the word 0 Here the metonym “the word” refers to what God has promised. Alternate translation: “so that he may fulfill the promise”
9:6 hql8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
9:7 rx7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
9:7 jiv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet Remember and do not forget 0 Moses repeats the same command both positively and negatively to emphasize the importance of remembering. The command is plural. Alternate translation: “Be careful to remember” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
9:7 ze78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you how you provoked Yahweh 0 Here “you” refers to the Israelites that are present with Moses and also the Israelites of the previous generation.
9:7 ldb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you came to this place, you have been rebellious 0 These instances of “you” are plural.
9:9 icg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism the tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant that Yahweh made with you 0 Here the second phrase clarifies that “the tablets of stone” are the ones on which God wrote the Ten Commandments.
9:9 z7w7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty days and forty nights 0 Alternate translation: “40 days and 40 nights”
9:10 e2t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive on them was written everything just like all the words that Yahweh announced to you 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh wrote on them the same words he had said to you”
9:10 cq6h Yahweh announced … out of the middle of the fire 0 It was as if Yahweh were a person standing in the middle of a fire and speaking with a loud voice.
9:10 v46n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns on the day of the assembly 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **assembly**, you can express the same idea with the verb “gather together.” Alternate translation: “on the day when you Israelites all came and met together in one place”
9:11 a75b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty days and forty nights 0 Alternate translation: “40 days and 40 nights”
9:11 cq34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism the two tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant 0 The second phrase clarifies that “the two tablets of stone” are the ones on which God wrote the Ten Commandments.
9:12 n8p5 your people … have corrupted themselves 0 Alternate translation: “your people … are doing what is wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md).
9:12 ce69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They have quickly turned aside out of the path that I commanded them 0 Moses speaks as if obeying God’s commands were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “They have already disobeyed my commands”
9:14 lkr5 blot out their name from under heaven 0 Alternate translation: “make their name disappear completely” or “kill them all so no one will ever remember them.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 7:24](../07/24.md).
9:16 ux9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit molded for yourselves a calf 0 The Israelites of the earlier generation had asked Aaron to make a metal calf so they could worship it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
9:16 bf75 You had quickly turned aside out of the path that Yahweh had commanded you 0 Moses speaks as if obeying God’s commands were walking along a path. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “You had quickly disobeyed what Yahweh had commanded you”
9:17 x4n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I broke them before your eyes 0 Here “your eyes” is a synecdoche for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “I broke them right in front of you” or “I broke them where you could see them”
9:19 vv3j I was afraid of the anger and hot displeasure with which Yahweh was angry enough against you to destroy you 0 The words “anger and hot displeasure” are a metonym for what Yahweh would do because he was angry and displeased. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was angry at you—he was extremely displeased with you—he was angry enough to destroy you, and so I was afraid of what he would do”
9:21 wf7q I took … burned … beat … ground … threw 0 Moses probably commanded other men to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “I had people take … burn … beat … grind … throw”
9:21 hql7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your sin, the calf that you had made 0 Here the gold calf itself referred to as their “sin.” Alternate translation: “the calf, which you sinfully made”
9:22 n8jq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Taberah … Massah … Kibroth Hattaavah 0 These are names of places that the people of Israel went through while they were in the wilderness.
9:23 dxq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rebelled against the commandment 0 The word “commandment” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “rebelled against Yahweh; you did not obey the commandment”
9:23 bfb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy listen to his voice 0 Here “his voice” means what God had said. Alternate translation: “obey what he said”
9:24 r243 from the day that I knew you 0 Alternate translation: “from the time I began to lead you.” Some translations read “from the day that he knew you,” the day that Yahweh first knew them.
9:25 tka1 lay facedown before Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “lay with my face on the ground.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 9:18](../09/18.md).
9:25 j7rs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty days and forty nights 0 Alternate translation: “40 days and 40 nights”
9:26 ki6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you have redeemed 0 Moses speaks as if Yahweh had rescued the Israelites by paying money to free them from slavery. Alternate translation: “you have rescued”
9:26 mct6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy through your greatness 0 The word “greatness” is a metonym for Yahweh’s great power. Alternate translation: “through your great power”
9:26 ifw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor with a mighty hand 0 Here “a mighty hand” refers to Yahweh’s power. See how you translated similar words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “with your mighty power”
9:27 hp8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Call to mind 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Remember”
9:28 cc26 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy so that the land from where you brought us 0 The words “the land” are a metonym for the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “so that the people of Egypt”
9:29 rw92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet by your great strength and by the display of your power 0 These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Yahweh’s power that he used to rescue his people.
10:intro ceg6 0 # Deuteronomy 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is a continuation of the previous chapter.\n\nThis chapter focuses on retelling the great things Yahweh has done. It is a continuation of the material from the previous chapter. It is possible that this is a type of sermon or homily, where Moses is giving the people instructions.
10:1 sa1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis the first 0 This refers to the first set of tablets that Moses had broken. Alternate translation: “the tablets you had before” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
10:3 wt9n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis the first 0 This refers to the first set of tablets that Moses had broken. Alternate translation: “the tablets I had before” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
10:3 u26k went up the mountain 0 Alternate translation: “went up Mount Sinai”
10:4 gjg7 out of the middle of the fire 0 It was as if Yahweh were a person standing in the middle of a fire and speaking with a loud voice. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 9:10](../09/10.md).
10:4 ax1a on the day of the assembly 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **assembly**, you can express the same idea with the verb “gather together.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 9:10](../09/10.md). Alternate translation: “on the day when you Israelites all came and met together in one place”
10:6 kwb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 # General Information:\n\nThe writer continues the short account of where the Israelites had traveled.
10:6 f4iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beeroth Bene Jaakan … Moserah 0 These are names of different places the people of Israel went through while in the wilderness.
10:6 qpt1 Beeroth Bene Jaakan 0 Translator may add a footnote: “The name ‘Beeroth Bene Jaakan’ means ‘the wells that belonged to the sons of Jaakan’ or ‘the wells that belonged to the people of Jaakan.’”
10:6 l2u3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive there he was buried 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that is where they buried him” or “the Israelites buried him there”
10:6 pv97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Eleazar 0 This is the name of Aaron’s son.
10:7 rc19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background From there they journeyed … a land of streams of water 0 This continues the background information about where the people of Israel traveled.
10:7 qs9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gudgodah … Jotbathah 0 These are names of different places the people of Israel went through while in the wilderness.
10:8 pl1x rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 # General Information:\n\nThe writer begins to explain why the tribe of Levi has no inheritance in the land.
10:8 p84p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to stand before Yahweh to serve him 0 This is an idiom. “to offer the sacrifices that Yahweh requires”
10:8 dqs6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in his name 0 Here “name” refers to authority. Alternate translation: “as representatives of Yahweh”
10:9 cy1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 The writer finishes explaining why the tribe of Levi has no inheritance in the land.
10:9 u8bf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit no portion nor inheritance of land 0 The tribe of Levi did not receive a portion of the promised land when they arrived there. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit.
10:9 v39n Yahweh is his inheritance 0 Yahweh speaks of the special relationship that Aaron and his descendants will have with him as if Yahweh were something that they will inherit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is what they will have” or “Yahweh will allow them to serve him and he will provide for them through that service”
10:9 knv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Yahweh your God 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “your” here is singular.
10:10 c3iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal as at the first time 0 Alternate translation: “first” is the ordinal number for one. Here it refers to the first time Moses went up Mount Sinai to receive the stone tablets from Yahweh. “as I did the first time”
10:10 kq11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty days and forty nights 0 Alternate translation: “40 days and 40 nights”
10:10 n2kd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you destroy you 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” here is singular.
10:12 wg8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they are one person.
10:12 d3lk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Now, Israel 0 Here the metonym “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Now, people of Israel”
10:12 x2jw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion what does Yahweh your God require of you, except to fear … with all your soul 0 Moses uses a question to teach the people of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God requires you to do no more than this: to fear … with all your soul.”
10:12 hd9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to walk in all his ways 0 Moses speaks as if obeying Yahweh were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “to obey all his commands”
10:12 l6ea rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with all your heart and with all your soul 0 Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated these two phrases in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
10:13 ct9n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion to keep the commandments … for your own good? 0 Moses uses a question to teach the people of Israel. This rhetorical question begins with the words “what does Yahweh your God require of you, except to fear … with all your soul” in verse 12. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “Yahweh your God requires you to do no more than this: to fear … with all your soul, to keep the commandments … for your own good.”
10:14 kf71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
10:14 n5n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism heaven … earth 0 These words show two extremes, and are combined to mean that all things everywhere belong to Yahweh.
10:16 f72x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor circumcise the foreskin of your heart 0 The word “foreskin” refers to the fold of skin on a man’s private parts that is removed during circumcision. Here Moses is referring to a spiritual circumcision. This means the people must remove the sin from their lives.
10:20 ra84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular.
10:20 zn42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor To him you must cling 0 To have a good relationship with Yahweh and to completely rely on him is spoken of as if the person were clinging to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “You must rely on him” or “He is the one you must rely on”
10:20 t17w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy by his name will you swear 0 To swear by the name of Yahweh means to make Yahweh the basis or the power on which the oath is made. Here “name” represents Yahweh himself. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 6:13](../06/13.md). Alternate translation: “you will swear and ask Yahweh to confirm it” or “when you swear you will speak his name”
10:21 d1ih rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche which your eyes have seen 0 Here “eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “which you yourselves have seen”
10:21 ltw9 He is your praise 0 This could mean: (1) “He is the one you must praise” or (2) “It is because you worship him that other peoples will praise you”
10:22 es8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they are one man, so “you” and “your” are singular.
10:22 hh5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile as many as the stars of the heavens 0 This emphasizes the large number of Israelites that were with Moses. Alternate translation: “more than you can count”
11:intro ifg3 0 # Deuteronomy 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### Therefore\n\nThis chapter begins with the word “therefore,” which looks back to the instructions Moses gave in the previous two chapters.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Eyewitnesses\n\nThe instruction that Moses gives and the retelling of the great things Yahweh has done for Israel are very important. This is because the generation entering into the Promised Land did not witness many of these events. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])\n\n### Covenant\n\nThis chapter is included in the covenant God made with Moses, even though it is not explicitly said. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:2 vs5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his mighty hand, or his outstretched arm 0 Here “mighty hand” and “outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahweh’s power. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “or his mighty power”
11:6 krb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab 0 Moses is referring to an event in the past when Dathan and Abiram rebelled against Moses and Aaron. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
11:6 i1yg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Dathan … Abiram … Eliab 0 These are names of men.
11:6 b3l3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up 0 Yahweh causing the land to split open so that the people fell in is spoken of as if the land had a mouth and the ability to swallow people.
11:6 gy9p every living thing that followed them 0 This refers to their servants and animals.
11:6 vi6h in the middle of all Israel 0 This means all the people of Israel witnessed what happened to Dathan, Abiram, their families, and their possessions.
11:7 z5cl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche But your eyes have seen 0 Here “eyes” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “But you have seen”
11:8 b5ga possess the land 0 Alternate translation: “take the land”
11:8 z7fm where you are going over to possess it 0 The phrase “are going over” is used because the people of Israel will have to cross the Jordan River to enter into Canaan.
11:9 h376 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor prolong your days 0 Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time”
11:9 gfv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom a land flowing with milk and honey 0 This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming”
11:10 nbu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy watered it with your foot 0 This could mean: (1) “foot” is a metonym that represents the hard work of walking to carry water to the fields. Alternate translation: “worked hard to water it” or (2) they would use their feet to turn a water wheel that supplied water to the fields.
11:11 wn5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification drinks water of the rain of the heavens 0 The land receiving and absorbing a lot of rain is spoken of as if the land were drinking the water. Alternate translation: “the rain from the sky gives it plenty of water”
11:12 a1x8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the eyes of Yahweh your God are always upon it 0 Here “eyes” represents attention and care. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God is always watching over it”
11:12 sxh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism from the beginning of the year to the end of the year 0 Here the two extremes “beginning” and “end” are used together to mean the entire year. Alternate translation: “continuously throughout the entire year”
11:13 tfk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom with all your heart and with all your soul 0 The idiom “with all your heart” means “completely” and “with … soul” means “with all your being.” These two phrases have similar meanings. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). Alternate translation: “with all your being” or “with all your energy” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
11:14 y9qx I will give the rain of your land in its season 0 Alternate translation: “I will cause it to rain on your land in the proper season”
11:14 b1z3 I will give 0 Here “I” refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in the third person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will give” or “He will give”
11:14 w91t the former rain and the latter rain 0 This refers to rain at the beginning of the sowing season and rain for maturing the crops for harvest. Alternate translation: “the autumn rain and spring rain” or “the rain in the right seasons”
11:16 f3wj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy so that your heart is not deceived 0 Here “heart” represents a person’s desires or thoughts. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that your desires do not deceive you” or “so that you do not deceive yourself” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:16 a9sp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you turn aside and worship other gods 0 Rejecting Yahweh and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if the person would physically turn and go in a different direction away from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “you start worshiping other gods”
11:17 zgj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor so that the anger of Yahweh is not kindled against you 0 God becoming angry is spoken of as if it were a fire that were starting. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that Yahweh does not become angry with you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:17 a2a4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor so that he does not shut up the heavens so that there will be no rain, and the land will not yield its fruit 0 God causing no rain to fall from the sky is spoken of as if he were closing the sky. Alternate translation: “so that he does not cause the rain to stop falling from the sky so that crops will not grow in the land”
11:18 q8ih rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor lay up these words of mine in your heart and soul 0 A person always thinking about and considering what Moses commands is spoken of as if the heart and soul were a container and Moses’s words were the content to fill the container. Alternate translation: “be very careful to remember these words that I am saying to you”
11:18 i4pl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your heart and soul 0 Here “heart” and “soul” represent a person’s mind or thoughts.
11:18 qb2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy bind them 0 Alternate translation: “tie these words.” This is a metonym that represents a person writing the words on a parchment, putting the parchment in a pouch, and tying the pouch. This metonymy in turn may be a metaphor meaning the people must be careful to obey Moses’s commands. See how you translated similar phrases in [Deuteronomy 6:8](../06/08.md). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:18 gj3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy let them be as frontlets between your eyes 0 Alternate translation: “let my words be as frontlets between your eyes.” This is a metonym that represents a person writing Moses’ words on parchement, putting the parchement in a pouch, and tying the pouch so it sits between his eyes. This metonymy in turn may be a metaphor that means the person must be careful to obey all of Moses’ commands. See how you translated similar phrases in [Deuteronomy 6:8](../06/08.md). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:19 yv8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism when you sit in your house, when you walk on the road, when you lie down, and when you get up 0 Using the different places “in your house” and “on the road,” and the opposites “when you lie down” and “get up,” represent anywhere, anytime. The people of Israel were to discuss God’s commandments and teach them to their children anytime and anywhere.
11:20 f5zw You will write them on the doorposts of your house and on your city gates 0 See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 6:9](../06/09.md).
11:21 s3fj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that your days and the days of your children may be multiplied 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh may cause you and your children to live a long time”
11:21 kg7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile to give them for as long as the heavens are above the earth 0 This compares how long the people could stay in the land to how long the sky will exist above the earth. This is a way of saying “forever.” Alternate translation: “to give them as a possession forever” or “to allow them to live there forever”
11:22 q3vs For if you diligently keep all these commandments that I am commanding you, so as to do them 0 Alternate translation: “For if you are careful to do everything that I have commanded you”
11:22 bh45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor walk in all his ways 0 How Yahweh wants a person to live and behave is spoken of as if they are Yahweh’s ways or roads. A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if he were walking on Yahweh’s ways or roads.
11:22 e7rk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to cling to him 0 To have a good relationship with Yahweh and to completely rely on him is spoken of as if the person were clinging to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to rely on him” or “to have a good relationship with him” Look at how similar words are translated in [Deuteronomy 10:20](../10/20.md).
11:23 zr2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all these nations from before you, and you will dispossess nations 0 Here “nations” represent the people groups already living in Canaan. Alternate translation: “all of these people groups from before you, and you will take the land from people groups”
11:23 u315 larger and mightier than yourselves 0 Although Israel’s army is smaller and weaker than the people groups living in Canaan, Yahweh will enable the people of Israel to defeat them.
11:24 x2pi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Every place where the sole of your foot will tread 0 Here “the sole of your foot” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “Every place you go”
11:24 u891 from the river, the Euphrates River 0 Alternate translation: “from the Euphrates River”
11:25 imb9 No man will be able to stand before you 0 The phrase “stand before you” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to stop you” or “No one will be able to oppose you”
11:25 zn8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh your God will lay the fear of you and the terror of you upon all the land that you tread on 0 Yahweh causing the people to be very afraid is spoken of as if fear and terror were an object that he will place on the people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will cause the people in every place you go to be very afraid of you”
11:25 r396 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet the fear of you and the terror of you 0 The words “fear” and “terror” mean the same thing and emphasize the intensity of fear. Alternate translation: “a terrible fear of you”
11:25 w58w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy upon all the land that you tread on 0 Here “the land” is a metonym for all the people in the land. Alternate translation: “upon all the people in every place you go” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:26 l2v1 0 # General Information:\n\nHere Moses summarizes the two options the people of Israel could choose. They could choose to obey and receive God’s blessing or they could choose to disobey and receive God’s punishment.
11:26 d2d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I set before you today a blessing and a curse 0 Allowing the people to choose whether they want God to bless them or curse them is spoken of as if a blessing and a curse were objects that Moses is setting in front of them. Alternate translation: “Today you must choose whether God will bless you or curse you”
11:27 lzg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the blessing, if you obey 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **blessing**, you can express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “God will bless you if you obey”
11:28 ei5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor but turn aside from the way that I command you today, to go after other gods 0 The commands of Yahweh that Moses is telling the people are spoken of as if they were God’s way or road. To not obey God’s commands is spoken of as if people physically were to turn in another direction away from Yahweh to follow other gods. Alternate translation: “but stop obeying what I command you today, in order to worship other gods”
11:28 u5cq other gods that you have not known 0 This refers to the gods that other people groups worship. The Israelites know Yahweh because he has revealed himself to them and they have experienced his power.
11:29 zsz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will set the blessing on Mount Gerizim, and the curse on Mount Ebal 0 The blessing and the curse are spoken of as if they were objects that someone will set on the mountains. Alternate translation: “some of you must stand on top of Mount Gerazim and proclaim what will cause Yahweh to bless you, and the others must stand on top of Mount Ebal and proclaim what will cause Yahweh to curse you”
11:29 t5wj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Gerizim … Mount Ebal 0 These are names of mountains on the west side of the Jordan River.
11:30 k2bv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are they not beyond the Jordan … Moreh? 0 The Israelites are on the eastern side of the Jordan River. Moses uses a question to remind the people where these mountains are located. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “As you know, they are beyond the Jordan … Moreh.”
11:30 rq9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names over against Gilgal 0 Alternate translation: “near Gilgal” This may not be the same place as the city near Jericho. Moses may be referring to a place that is near Shechem.
11:30 l23v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names oaks of Moreh 0 These are sacred trees near Gilgal.
11:32 jh1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I set before you 0 God’s statutes and decrees, which Moses is telling the people, are spoken of as if they were objects that Moses is setting before the people. Alternate translation: “I am giving to you”
12:intro mt76 0 # Deuteronomy 12 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Covenant with Moses\n\nThis chapter is a continuation of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. The reasons for these food restrictions are not always known.(See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n### Israel and Yahweh\n\nIn the ancient Near East, when nations conquered other nations, they often added the gods of the conquered nation into their collection of gods they worshiped. It was rare to worship only one God. Israel was to be known for worshiping Yahweh and Yahweh alone. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
12:1 bb6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom all the days that you live on the earth 0 The phrase “live on the earth” is an idiom that means as long as a person lives. Alternate translation: “for as long as you live”
12:2 hx1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the nations that you will dispossess 0 Here “nations” represents the people groups that live in Canaan. Alternate translation: “the people groups whose land you will take”
12:3 ucw6 You must break down their altars 0 Alternate translation: “you must pull apart the altars of those nations” or “you must destroy the altars of those nations”
12:3 ra63 dash in pieces 0 Alternate translation: “break into pieces” or “shatter”
12:3 cj66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy destroy their name 0 Here “their name” represents “the memory of them.” Alternate translation: “destroy them so completely that no one will remember them” or “destroy anything that represents these false gods”
12:3 axu8 that place 0 This refers to each place where the nations worshiped their gods.
12:4 c44f You will not worship Yahweh your God like that 0 Alternate translation: “You should not worship Yahweh your God like those nations worshiped their gods”
12:5 h2cm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the place that Yahweh your God will choose out of all your tribes to put his name 0 Here “his name” refers to God himself. Yahweh will choose one location where he will live and people will come to worship him there.
12:6 g357 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the offerings presented by your hand 0 Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “the offerings that you present”
12:6 cdg4 your offerings for vows, your freewill offerings 0 Alternate translation: “your offerings to fulfill a vow, your voluntary offerings.” These are types of offerings.
12:6 n2pg the firstborn of your herds and flocks 0 God requires that the people give him every firstborn male of their livestock.
12:7 tvl1 It is there 0 This refers to the place that Yahweh will choose for the children of Israel to worship.
12:7 a9rd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche rejoice about everything that you have put your hand to 0 Here “put your hand to” represents the whole person and work that he has done. Alternate translation: “rejoice about all the work you have done”
12:8 jea6 You will not do all the things that we are doing here today 0 Alternate translation: “You will not do as we are doing here today.” This means that they would worship in the promised land differently than the way they were worshiping at that moment.
12:8 qri6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor now everyone is doing whatever is right in his own eyes 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “everyone is doing what he considers to be right” or “now everyone is doing what he judges to be right”
12:9 b2t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns to the rest 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **the rest**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “to the land where you will rest”
12:9 d8re rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to the inheritance that Yahweh your God is giving you 0 The land that God is giving to the people of Israel is spoken of as if it were a possession that a father leaves as an inheritance for his children. Alternate translation: “to the land that Yahweh your God is giving to you as a permanent possession”
12:10 p9tv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in the land that Yahweh your God is causing you to inherit 0 God giving the land of Canaan to the people of Israel is spoken of as if he were a father giving an inheritance to his children.
12:11 v237 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the offerings presented by your hand 0 Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “the offerings that you present”
12:12 m7is rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the Levites who are within your gate 0 Here “gates” is a reference to the city itself. Alternate translation: “the Levites who live inside your city” or “the Levites living with you”
12:12 d42i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor because he has no portion or inheritance among you 0 The fact that Yahweh would not give any of the land to the Levites is spoken of as if a father were not giving them an inheritance.
12:12 b6hq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he has no portion 0 Here “he” refers to Levi. Levi represents all of his descendants. Alternate translation: “they have no portion”
12:13 drj5 every place that you see 0 Alternate translation: “any place that pleases you” or “wherever you want”
12:14 h4by but it is at the place that Yahweh will choose 0 The burnt offerings are to be made at the tabernacle. Yahweh himself would choose where the tabernacle would be located.
12:15 kks6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit However, you may kill and eat animals within all your gates 0 The people could only kill animals as sacrifices in the place that Yahweh would choose. They could kill animals for food anywhere they wanted. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
12:15 lje2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche within all your gates 0 Here “gates” represents the whole city. Alternate translation: “inside your city” or “at your homes”
12:15 pen3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the unclean … persons 0 A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean.
12:15 y3f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the clean persons 0 A person who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean.
12:15 u3a5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown the gazelle and the deer 0 These are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. Alternate translation: “the antelope and the deer”
12:16 fvd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit But you will not eat the blood 0 The blood represents life and God did not allow the people to eat the blood along with the meat. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
12:17 di9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche within your gates 0 Here “gates” represents the whole city. Alternate translation: “inside your city” or “at your homes”
12:17 aau9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche nor that of the offering you present with your hand 0 Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “nor that of any offering which you bring to Yahweh”
12:18 u63z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the Levite who is within your gates 0 Here “gate” represents the whole city Alternate translation: “any Levite who lives inside your city”
12:18 icp1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche everything to which you put your hand 0 Here “put your hand to” represents the whole person and work that he has done. Alternate translation: “rejoice about all the work you have done”
12:19 tz4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives that you do not forsake 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “that you take good care of”
12:20 j573 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes you say, ‘I will eat flesh,’ because of your desire to eat meat 0 This is a quotation within a quotation. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “and you decide that you want to eat meat” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
12:20 fee8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche as your soul desires 0 Here “soul” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “as you want” or “as you crave”
12:21 q6z1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy chooses to put his name 0 Here “name” refers to God himself. Yahweh would choose a place where he will live and the people will come to worship him. Alternate translation: “chooses to dwell”
12:21 e7g3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche within your gates 0 Here “gates” represents the whole city.” Alternate translation: “inside your city” or “within your community”
12:21 asm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche as your soul desires 0 Here “soul” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “as you desire”
12:22 kw43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Like the gazelle and the deer are eaten 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Just like you eat the gazelle and the deer”
12:22 qhx1 gazelle and the deer 0 These are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 12:15](../12/15.md).
12:22 sff5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the unclean … persons 0 A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean.
12:22 y8v4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the clean persons 0 A person who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean.
12:23 msu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the blood is the life 0 Here the way that blood sustains life is spoken of as if the blood were life itself. Alternate translation: “the blood sustains life” or “the blood causes animals and people to live”
12:23 vr63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you will not eat the life with the meat 0 The word “life” here represents the blood that sustains life. Alternate translation: “You will not eat what sustains life with the meat” or “you will not eat the blood, which sustains life, with the meat”
12:25 l199 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what is right in the eyes of Yahweh 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what is right in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be right”
12:27 wp19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the blood of your sacrifices will be poured out 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the priest will pour out the blood of the sacrifice”
12:27 tf6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit you will eat the flesh 0 God’s law specifies which parts of the animal are for the burnt offering, which parts are for the priest and which parts are for the offerer to eat. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “you will eat some of the meat”
12:28 gnj3 Observe and listen to all these words that I command you 0 Alternate translation: “Carefully listen to and obey everything that I am commanding you”
12:28 zga7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche that it may go well with you and with your children after you 0 Here “children” means all of their descendants. Alternate translation: “that you and your descendants may prosper”
12:28 y6tl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet when you do what is good and right 0 The words “good” and “right” have similar meanings and emphasize the importance of right behavior. Alternate translation: “when you do what is right”
12:28 ti37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what is good and right in the eyes of Yahweh 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what is good and right in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be good and right”
12:29 csu7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor cuts off the nations 0 Yahweh destroying the people groups in Canaan is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree.
12:29 fzv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the nations 0 Here “nations” represents the people living in Canaan.
12:30 n455 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor that you are not trapped into following them … trapped into investigating their gods, into asking 0 A person learning about and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if they are caught in a hunter’s trap. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that you do not act like them … that you do try to learn about their gods, asking” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:30 w8wj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor not trapped into following them 0 The Israelites worshiping idols as the people groups of Canaan worship idols is spoken of as if the Israelites were following behind the other people groups.
12:30 j6jf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive after they are destroyed from before you 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after Yahweh destroys them before you”
12:30 rz9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes into asking, ‘How do these nations worship their gods? I will do the same.’ 0 This is a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “into asking about how those people groups worship their gods so that you can do the same.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
12:32 zxp6 Do not add to it or take away from it 0 They are not to create more laws nor are they to ignore laws that God has given them.
13:intro e2ze 0 # Deuteronomy 13 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Worshiping other gods\n\nThe people were required to listen to Yahweh’s prophets unless they were encouraging the people to worship other gods. The punishment for anyone leading the people to worship other gods was death. These instructions were to keep Israel’s worship of Yahweh pure. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]])
13:2 nj6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations of which he spoke to you and said, ‘Let us go after other gods, that you have not known, and let us worship them,’ 0 This can be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “and he tells you to serve and worship other gods which you have not known,”
13:2 nsf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Let us go after other gods 0 Worshiping other gods is spoken of as if they were going after or following other gods. Alternate translation: “Let us follow other gods”
13:2 mcy5 go after other gods, that you have not known 0 The phrase “gods, that you have not known” refers to the gods that other people groups worship. The Israelites know Yahweh because he has revealed himself to them and they have experienced his power.
13:3 z2lg do not listen to the words of that prophet, or to that dreamer of dreams 0 Alternate translation: “do not listen to what that prophet say nor to what the dreamer of dreams says”
13:3 fp72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with all your heart and with all your soul 0 Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
13:4 gw9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You will walk after Yahweh your God 0 Obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the people were walking after or following Yahweh. Alternate translation: “You will obey Yahweh”
13:4 s4p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy obey his voice 0 Here “voice” represents what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “obey what he says”
13:4 ugl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor cling to him 0 To have a good relationship with Yahweh and to completely rely on him is spoken of as if the person were clinging to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “rely on him”
13:5 d5ix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive will be put to death 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must kill”
13:5 h1yd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns he has spoken rebellion 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rebellion**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “he has tried to make you rebel”
13:5 ttf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who redeemed you out of the house of bondage 0 Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves in Egypt is spoken of as if Yahweh paid money to redeem his people out of slavery. Alternate translation: “who rescued you out of the place where you were slaves”
13:5 z5ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of bondage 0 Here “house of bondage” represents Egypt where the people of Yahweh had been slaves. Alternate translation: “Egypt where you were slaves”
13:5 tbl6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor draw you out of the way in which Yahweh your God commanded you to walk 0 How God wants a person to live or behave is spoken of as if it were a way or road on which God wants his people to walk. A person trying to cause someone else to stop obeying God is spoken of as if the person were trying to get the other person to stop walking on God’s way or road. Alternate translation: “make you disobey what Yahweh your God commanded”
13:5 nf2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj So put away the evil from among you 0 Here “the evil” refers to the evil person or the evil behavior. This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “So you must remove from among the people of Israel the person who does this evil thing” or “So you must kill this evil person”
13:6 ync7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom wife of your bosom 0 A bosom is a person’s chest. This is a idiom that he holds close to his chest, which means he loves and cherishes her. Alternate translation: “wife you love” or “wife you dearly embrace”
13:6 qme9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy friend who is to you like your own soul 0 Here “soul” represents the person’s life. This means the person cares for his friend as much as he cares for his own life. Alternate translation: “your dearest friend” or “a friend you love as much as you love yourself” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13:7 rbz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations any of the gods of the peoples … other end of the earth.’ 0 This is the end of a quotation within a quotation that begins with the words “secretly entices you and says, ‘Let us go and worship … neither you nor your ancestors—” in verse 6. It can be translated as an indirect quotation. “secretly entices you and says that you should go and worship … neither you nor your ancestors—any of the gods of the peoples … other end of the earth.”
13:7 g5tj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism from the one end of the earth to the other end of the earth 0 Here the reference to the two extremes of the earth means “everywhere on earth.” Alternate translation: “throughout the entire earth”
13:8 rg47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche you must not permit your eye to pity him 0 Here “your eye” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “you msut not look at him with pity” or “you must not show him mercy”
13:9 akr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche your hand will be the first on him to put him to death 0 This means that he was to throw the first stone at the guilty person. The word “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “you must be the first to strike him to kill him”
13:9 vu5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the hand of all the people 0 Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “the other people will join you”
13:10 nt8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he has tried to draw you away from Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “to turn you away from Yahweh.” A person trying to cause someone else to stop obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were trying to cause someone to physically turn around and leave Yahweh. Alternate translation: “he has tried to make you disobey Yahweh”
13:10 cdm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of the house of bondage 0 Here “house of bondage” represents Egypt where the people of Yahweh had been slaves. Alternate translation: “out from the place where you were slaves”
13:11 ns29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit All Israel will hear and fear 0 It is implied that when the people hear about the person who was executed, they will be afraid to act like he did.
13:13 di92 Some wicked fellows have gone out from among you 0 The phrase “from among you” means that these wicked men were Israelites who lived in their communities.
13:13 tq34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations have drawn away the inhabitants of their city and said, ‘Let us go and worship other gods that you have not known.’ 0 This can be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “have persuaded those who live in their city to go and worship other gods that they have not known.”
13:13 wb69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor have drawn away the inhabitants of their city 0 A person causing someone else to stop obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if the person has caused the other person to physically turn and leave Yahweh.
13:14 mc5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet examine the evidence, make search, and investigate it thoroughly 0 All of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Moses is emphasizing that they must carefully find out what truly happened at the city.
13:14 jbu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that such an abominable thing has been done among you 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the people of the city have done such a terrible thing”
13:15 bq2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche with the edge of the sword 0 Here “edge” represents the whole sword. Alternate translation: “with your swords”
13:16 nsc2 all the spoil 0 Alternate translation: “all the plunder.” This refers to the possessions and treasures that an army collects after winning a battle.
13:16 cj8w heap of ruins 0 Alternate translation: “pile of ruins”
13:16 t2u6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it must never be built again 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one must ever rebuild the city”
13:17 qe75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor None of those things set apart for destruction must stick in your hand 0 Yahweh cursing something and promising to destroy it is spoken of as if Yahweh were setting the object apart from other things. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not keep any of the things God has commanded you to destroy” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:17 brm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom must stick in your hand 0 This is a way of saying a person keeps something. Alternate translation: “must you keep”
13:17 d934 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh will turn from the fierceness of his anger 0 Yahweh no longer being angry is spoken of as his anger were an object and Yahweh physically turns away from it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will stop being angry”
13:18 zgj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you are listening to the voice of Yahweh 0 Here “voice” represents what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “you are obeying what Yahweh says”
13:18 gjk4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor that which is right in the eyes of Yahweh your God 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “that which is right in Yahweh’s judgment” or “that which Yahweh your God considers to be right”
14:intro epl7 0 # Deuteronomy 14 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Law of Moses\n\nThis chapter is part of the law of Moses, which is part of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])\n\n### Clean animals\n\nThere are animals which the law considered to be clean and unclean. The people were not allowed to eat the unclean animals. Scholars are uncertain about the reasons for the animals to be considered to be clean or unclean. The result of these food restrictions was a nation that was different than the nations surrounding it. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
14:1 c6vr You are the people 0 All occurrences of “you” refer to the people of Israel. Moses was included as a part of the people. Alternate translation: “We are the people”
14:1 qkn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction Do not cut yourselves, nor shave any part of your face for the dead 0 These were ways the people groups living in Canaan showed that they were grieving over people who had died. Moses is telling the people of Israel not to act like them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:2 qr9z you are a nation … has chosen you 0 All occurrences of “you” refer to the people of Israel. Moses was included as a part of the people. Alternate translation: “we are a nation … has chosen us”
14:2 ksd5 For you are a nation … surface of the earth 0 See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 7:6](../07/06.md).
14:2 l42y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you are a nation that is set apart to Yahweh your God 0 Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God has set you apart from other nations” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14:2 z5bl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Yahweh has chosen you to be a people for his own possession 0 This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. They both mean that the people of Israel belong to Yahweh in a special way.
14:2 nyn7 a people for his own possession 0 Alternate translation: “a people for his treasured possession” or “his people”
14:2 twf5 more than all peoples that are on the surface of the earth 0 Alternate translation: “out of all the people groups in the world”
14:3 p2a3 You must not eat any abominable thing 0 The people of Israel were not supposed to eat anything that God said was unfit for eating.
14:5 pui3 the deer, the gazelle, the roebuck 0 These are all types of deer. If your language does not have a word for each animal it can be translated as “all kinds of deer.”
14:5 gg4e the gazelle 0 This is wild animal with long thin legs that can run quickly. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 12:15](../12/15.md).
14:5 nud7 ibex, and the antelope 0 Both of these are types of antelope. If your language does not have a word for each animal it can be translated as “all kinds of antelope.”
14:6 tr2g that parts the hoof 0 Alternate translation: “that have split hooves.” This is a hoof that is split into two parts instead of being one whole.
14:6 wwj1 chews the cud 0 This means the animal brings its food up from its stomach and chews it again.
14:7 t8p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown rabbit 0 This is a small animal with long ears that usually lives in holes in the ground.
14:7 t6es rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown rock badger 0 This is a small animal that lives in rocky places.
14:7 c17f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they are unclean to you 0 Something Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean.
14:8 v9dk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The pig is unclean to you 0 Something Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean.
14:10 eh5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they are unclean to you 0 Something Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean.
14:11 w535 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor All clean birds 0 An animal that God says is fit for his people to eat is spoken of as if the animal were physically clean.
14:12 fqa4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown eagle … vulture … osprey 0 These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on small animals and dead animals.
14:13 d7v7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown red kite … black kite … falcon 0 These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on small animals and dead animals.
14:14 n72w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown raven 0 A bird that either is awake at night or feeds on small animals and dead animals.
14:17 z53d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown cormorant 0 A bird that is either awake at night or feeds on small animals and dead animals.
14:18 h1j8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown stork … heron, the hoopoe 0 These are types of birds that eat small animals and lizards.
14:19 inc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor are unclean to you 0 Animals that God says are unfit for his people to eat are spoken of as if the animals are physically unclean.
14:19 x6ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they must not be eaten 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must not eat them”
14:20 kx6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor all clean flying things 0 Animals that God says are fit for his people to eat are spoken of as if the animals are physically clean.
14:21 z8y9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For you are a nation that is set apart to Yahweh your God 0 Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh your God has set you apart from other nations” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14:27 kt4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives do not forsake him 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “make sure to give some of your tithe to the Levite”
14:27 wll4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit for he has no portion nor inheritance with you 0 The tribe of Levi did not receive a portion of land as their inheritance. Their share of the inheritance was the honor of serving Yahweh as his priests. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
14:27 lpl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor no portion nor inheritance with you 0 God not giving land to the Levites is spoken of as if he were not giving them an inheritance.
14:28 v3cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers every three years you will present all the tithe of your produce 0 Once every 3 years the Israelites were to store their tithes within their own towns so that it would be used to provide for the Levites, orphans, widows and foreigners.
14:28 nf4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche within your gates 0 Here “gates” represents the entire city or town. Alternate translation: “inside your city”
14:29 mju1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor because he has no portion nor inheritance with you 0 God not giving any land to the Levites is spoken of as if he were not giving them an inheritance.
14:29 zfp5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche in all the work of your hand that you do 0 Here “hand” represents the whole person. This refers to the work that someone does. Alternate translation: “in all the work you do”
15:intro n3mh 0 # Deuteronomy 15 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Forgiveness of Debt\n\nThis chapter gives instructions about the necessity to regularly forgive debt among their fellow countryman. This prevented people from being trapped by their poverty.\n\n### Justice\n\nAs Yahweh’s chosen nation, there must be justice in Israel. This chapter gives commands that encouraged justice by protecting the poor, servants and slaves. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
15:2 y5dj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet his neighbor or his brother 0 The words “neighbor” and “brother” share similar meanings and emphasize the close relationship that they have with their fellow Israelites. Alternate translation: “his fellow Israelite”
15:2 l5im rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive because Yahweh’s cancellation of debts has been proclaimed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh has required that you cancel debts”
15:3 xv49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom your hand must release 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you must not demand it back” or “you must not require repayment”
15:4 cxl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj no poor 0 The nominal adjective “poor” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “no poor people” or “no one who is poor”
15:4 hsd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he gives you as an inheritance to possess 0 The land that Yahweh is giving to his people is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Yahweh is giving them.
15:5 x28x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy if only you diligently listen to the voice of Yahweh your God 0 Here the metonym “voice of Yahweh” refers to what Yahweh himself says. Alternate translation: “if only you are careful to obey what Yahweh your God says”
15:6 f39v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis you will lend … you will not borrow 0 The word “money” is understood. You can make the full meaning of this statement clear. Alternate translation: “you will lend money … you will not borrow money”
15:6 p426 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to many nations … over many nations 0 Here “nations” represents the people. Alternate translation: “to the people of many nations … over the people of many nations”
15:6 p9hi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism you will rule over many nations, but they will not rule over you 0 Here “rule over” means to be financially superior. This means basically the same thing as the previous part of the sentence.
15:7 cw85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche within any of your gates 0 Here “gates” represents the entire city or town. Alternate translation: “within any of your towns”
15:7 s1y1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you must not harden your heart 0 Being stubborn is spoken of as if the person hardened their heart. Alternate translation: “you must not be stubborn”
15:7 y4ak rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor nor shut your hand from your poor brother 0 A person who refuses to provide for a poor person is spoken of as if he were shutting his hand so that the poor person cannot get anything from him. Alternate translation: “nor refuse to help your fellow Israelite who is poor”
15:8 x1h1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor but you must surely open your hand to him 0 A person who helps a poor person is spoken of as if he were opening his hand to him. Alternate translation: “but you must surely help him”
15:9 s6u9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy not to have a wicked thought in your heart, saying 0 Here “heart” represents a person’s mind. Alternate translation: “not to think a wicked thought”
15:9 fc71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The seventh year, the year of release, is near 0 It is implied that because the year of release will happen soon, the person thinking this will be reluctant to help a poor person since it is likely that the poor person will not have to pay him back. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear.
15:9 x9aa rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal The seventh year 0 The word “seventh” is the ordinal number for seven.
15:9 k5ex rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor is near 0 Something that will happen soon is spoken of as if it were physically near. Alternate translation: “will happen soon”
15:9 n5bx so that you will not be stingy in regard to your poor brother and give him nothing 0 Alternate translation: “so that you are not stubborn and refuse to give anything to your fellow Israelite”
15:9 ia9s cry out to Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “shout to Yahweh for help”
15:9 qs88 it would be sin for you 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh will consider what you have done to be sinful”
15:10 r7sr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche your heart must not be sorry 0 Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “you should not regret it” or “you should be happy” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
15:10 ew7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche in all that you put your hand to 0 Here “put your hand to” represents the whole person and work that he has done. Alternate translation: “in all that you do”
15:11 yhm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives For the poor will never cease to exist in the land 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “For there will always be poor people in the land”
15:11 tq3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj For the poor 0 The nominal adjective “the poor” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “For poor people”
15:11 vi74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes I command you and say, ‘You must surely open your hand … in your land.’ 0 This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “I command you to open your hand … in your land” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
15:11 l4vm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor open your hand to your brother, to your needy, and to your poor 0 A person who is willing to help someone else is spoken of as if his hand were open. Alternate translation: “help your fellow Israelite, those who are needy, and those who are poor”
15:11 v4zq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet your brother, to your needy, and to your poor 0 The words “needy” and “poor” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that these are people who cannot help themselves. Alternate translation: “help your fellow Israelites who cannot help themselves”
15:12 s6rs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations If your brother 0 Here “brother” means an Israelite in general, whether a male or female. Alternate translation: “If a fellow Israelite” or “If a fellow Hebrew”
15:12 s9n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive is sold to you 0 If a person could not repay their debts, they sometimes sold themselves into slavery to pay what they owed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “sell themselves to you”
15:12 xs42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers six years 0 Alternate translation: “6 years”
15:12 m72h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal seventh year 0 Alternate translation: “year 7.” This “seventh” is the ordinal number for seven.
15:13 f4yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you must not let him go empty-handed 0 A person who has no possessions to provide for himself or his family is spoken of as if his hands were empty. Alternate translation: “you must not let him leave without having anything to provide for himself and his family”
15:15 hx9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you remember that you were a slave 0 Here “you” includes their ancestors that were slaves for many years. Alternate translation: “remember that your people were once slaves”
15:15 r2nh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor that Yahweh your God redeemed you 0 Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves in Egypt is spoken of as if Yahweh paid money to redeem his people from slavery.
15:16 dd3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes if he says to you, ‘I will not go away from you,’ 0 This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “if he says to you that he will not go away from you,” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
15:16 g927 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your house 0 Here “house” represents the person’s family.
15:17 dml6 then you must take an awl and thrust it through his ear to a door 0 Alternate translation: “then you will place his head near a wooden door frame in your house, and then put the point of the awl through his earlobe into the wood”
15:18 in4n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes It must not seem difficult for you to let him go free from you 0 This means that they are not resent it when they let someone go free. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Be pleased when you let him go free”
15:18 s7d6 given twice the value of a hired person 0 This means the owner only had to pay have the amount for this slave to work than he would for a person he hired to do a job.
15:18 xdz6 a hired person 0 This is a person who works for pay.
15:22 qx8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche within your gates 0 Here “gates” represents the city or town. Alternate translation: “within your community” or “inside your city”
15:22 rqw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the unclean … persons 0 A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean.
15:22 b1cn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the clean persons 0 A person who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean.
15:22 lxt5 a gazelle or a deer 0 These are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 12:15](../12/15.md).
15:23 bw7p you must not eat its blood 0 Alternate translation: “you must not consume its blood.” Yahweh did not allow Israelites to consume blood because the blood represented life ([Deuteronomy 12:23](../12/23.md)).
16:intro fgs7 0 # Deuteronomy 16 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Festivals\n\nThis chapter retells the specific commands about how to celebrate the Passover. This recalled the Passover in Egypt, which was an important event in the formation of the nation of Israel. There are several other important festivals described in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])\n\n### Life in Israel\n\nAs Yahweh’s chosen nation, there must be justice in Israel. Also, Yahweh must be the only God in Israel. He alone is to be worshiped. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
16:1 q8mq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths month of Aviv 0 This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It marks when God brought the people of Israel out of Egypt. It is during the last part of March and the first part April on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
16:1 l33g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit keep the Passover 0 It is implied by “keep the Passover” that they would celebrate and eat the Passover meal. Alternate translation: “celebrate the Passover meal” or “eat the Passover meal”
16:2 f3xc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You will sacrifice the Passover 0 Here “Passover” represents the animal that is sacrificed for the Passover celebration. Alternate translation: For the Passover you will offer a sacrifice”
16:3 du99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seven days 0 Alternate translation: “7 days”
16:3 m6rj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the bread of affliction 0 This was the name of the unleavened bread. The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “this bread will remind you of how much you suffered while in Egypt”
16:3 df5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit out of the land of Egypt in haste 0 The people had to leave Egypt so quickly that they did not have enough time to make bread with yeast in it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “out of the land of Egypt in such hurry you did not have time to make bread with yeast in it”
16:3 k8n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom call to mind 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember”
16:4 jvu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive No yeast must be seen among you 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not have any yeast among you”
16:4 uc3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal first day 0 This “first” is the ordinal number for one.
16:5 s93m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You may not sacrifice the Passover 0 Here “Passover” represents the animal that will be sacrificed. Alternate translation: “For the Passover you may not sacrifice the animal”
16:5 x2av rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche within any of your city gates 0 Here “gates” represents the cities or towns. Alternate translation: “within any of your towns”
16:9 bxy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom from the time you begin to put the sickle to the standing grain 0 The phrase “put the sickle to the standing grain” is a way of referring to the beginning of harvest time. Alternate translation: “from the time that you begin harvesting the grain”
16:9 w3cl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown sickle 0 a tool with a curved blade used for cutting grass, grain, and vines
16:10 pjc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche with the contribution of a freewill offering from your hand that you will give 0 Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “and you will give your free will offering”
16:10 n1v1 according as Yahweh your God has blessed you 0 Alternate translation: “according to the harvest which Yahweh your God has given you” This means that the people will base how much they offer on how much they harvested that year.
16:11 vju9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun your son, your daughter, your male servant, your female servant, the Levite 0 These do not refer to a specific person. It means these types of people in general. Alternate translation: “your sons, your daughters, your male servants, your females servants, any Levite”
16:11 h2jm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche within your city gates 0 Here “gates” represents cities or towns. Alternate translation: “within your towns”
16:11 g2r8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow 0 This refers to these types of people in general. Alternate translation: “all foreigners, orphans, and widows”
16:13 fy5u Festival of Shelters 0 Other names for this festival are “Feast of Tabernacles,” “Festival of Booths,” and “Feast of the Ingathering.” During harvest time, farmers would set up temporary shelters in the field. This festival took place after the last harvest of the year.
16:13 s5xw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seven days 0 Alternate translation: “7 days”
16:14 uv5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche within your gates 0 Here the word “gates” represents cities or towns. Alternate translation: “within your towns”
16:15 c3hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche all the work of your hands 0 Here “hands” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “all the work you do”
16:16 g2xh all your males must appear before Yahweh 0 Females were allowed, but Yahweh did not require that they come. The men could represent their whole families.
16:16 cxc2 must appear before Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “must come and stand in the presence of Yahweh”
16:16 pku8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes No one will appear before Yahweh empty-handed 0 Alternate translation: “They will not come before Yahweh without an offering” These two negative phrases together have a positive meaning. Alternate translation: “Every person who comes before Yahweh must bring an offering”
16:18 vxu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche within all your city gates 0 Here “gates” represents a city or town. Alternate translation: “within all your towns”
16:18 we4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they will be taken 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will choose them”
16:19 c8iq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You must not take justice away by force 0 Moses speaks of justice as if it were a physical object that a strong person can violently pull away from a weak person. This can be stated in positive form. Your language might have one word that means “use force to take away.” Alternate translation: “You must not be unfair when you judge” or “You must make just decisions” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
16:19 lqn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you You must not 0 Here “You” refers to those who will be appointed as judges and officers.
16:19 f47g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and perverts the words of the righteous 0 Taking a bribe is spoken of as if the bribe were corrupting the people. Alternate translation: “for even a wise man who accepts a bribe will become blind, and even a righteous man who accepts a bribe will tell lies”
16:19 mk49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise 0 A wise person who accepts a bribe so that he does not speak against something evil is spoken of as if he becomes blind.
16:19 pu4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the wise 0 The nominal adjective “the wise” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “a wise person” or “wise people”
16:19 m8gc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj perverts the words of the righteous 0 The nominal adjective “righteous” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “causes a righteous person to lie”
16:20 xm5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor follow after justice, after justice alone 0 justice is spoken of as a person who is walking. A person who is doing what is fair and just is spoken of as if he was following close behindjustice. Alternate translation: “do only what is fair”
16:20 b78e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor inherit the land that Yahweh your God is giving you 0 Receiving the land that God is giving to the people is spoken of as if the people are inheriting the land from God.
16:21 ec3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you You must not 0 Here “You” refers to all the people of Israel.
16:22 mw2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish any sacred stone pillar, which Yahweh your God hates 0 The phrase “which Yahweh your God hates” is giving more information about the sacred stone pillar. Alternate translation: “any sacred stone pillar because Yahweh your God hates them”
16:22 s7sn sacred stone pillar 0 This refers to pillars that are idols used to worship false gods.
17:intro a3z4 0 # Deuteronomy 17 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Witnesses\n\nIn the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])\n\n### King\n\nIsrael was not to have a king because Yahweh was their king. Knowing the sinfulness of the people, Yahweh anticipated that one day Israel would have a king. Therefore, this passage gives commands about their king prophetically. They were not allowed to collect chariots because they were a sign of earthly power and the king was to trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:1 d6zp in which is any blemish 0 Alternate translation: “that has a blemish” or “that has something wrong with it.” The animal is to appear healthy without any deformity.
17:1 y292 that would be an abomination to Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “that would be disgusting to Yahweh”
17:2 ljz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive If there is found 0 This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you find someone” or “If there is anyone”
17:2 liy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche within any of your city gates 0 Here “city gates” represents cities or towns. Alternate translation: “living in one of your cities”
17:2 f7d1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy what is evil in the sight of Yahweh your God 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “something that Yahweh your God thinks is evil”
17:4 pz4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive if you are told about this 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if someone tells you about this disobedient act”
17:4 fqc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns you must make a careful investigation 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **investigation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you must carefully investigate what happened”
17:4 b585 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive such an abomination has been done in Israel 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone has done such a horrible thing in Israel”
17:6 rul7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy At the mouth of two witnesses, or three witnesses, will he who must die be put to death 0 Here “the mouth” represents the testimony of a witness. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If two or three witnesses speak against the person, then you must execute him” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
17:6 d4v8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy but at the mouth of only one witness he must not be put to death 0 Here “the mouth” represents the testimony of a witness. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but if only one person speaks against him, then you must not execute him” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
17:7 zj7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche The hand of the witnesses must be the first to put him to death, and afterward the hand of all the people 0 Here “hand” represents the entire group of witnesses. Alternate translation: “The witnesses themselves must be the first ones to throw stones. Then all the people will execute the person by throwing stones at him”
17:7 c151 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj you will remove the evil from among you 0 The nominal adjective “the evil” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites this person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person”
17:9 i57n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns you will seek their advice 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **advice**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you will ask them to advise you”
17:9 xe5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns they will give you the verdict 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **verdict**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “they will decide on the matter”
17:11 n3uq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Follow the law they teach you 0 A person obeying what the priests and judge decide is spoken of as if the person were physically following behind the law. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must obey what the judge and priests decide about the matter” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
17:11 a1r9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Do not turn aside from what they tell you, to the right hand or to the left 0 A person not doing exactly what the judge and priests say is spoken of as if he were turning off the correct path. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Do not disobey anything they tell you” or “Do everything they say”
17:12 l4fz in not listening to the priest … or in not listening to the judge 0 Alternate translation: “and does not obey the priest … or does not obey the judge”
17:12 u7c6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj you will put away the evil from Israel 0 The nominal adjective “the evil” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person”
17:13 xm49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit All the people must hear and fear, and act arrogantly no more 0 It is implied that when the people hear about the person who was executed for acting arrogantly, they will be afraid and not act arrogantly themselves.
17:14 wkl6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go When you have come to the land 0 The word “come to” can be translated as “gone to” or “entered.”
17:14 x3gq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes then you say, ‘I will set a king over myself, like all the nations that are round about me,’ 0 This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “then you decide that you want a king just like the peoples of the nations that surround you have kings,” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
17:14 n7ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns I will set a king over myself … round about me 0 Moses has the people speaking as if they were one person. It may be more natural to translate this with plural pronouns. Alternate translation: “We will set over ourselves … round about us”
17:14 gm2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor set a king over myself 0 Giving someone the authority to rule as king in Israel is spoken of as if the people were setting the person in a place above them.
17:15 q7px rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet a foreigner, who is not your brother, over yourself 0 Both of these phrases mean the same thing. They both refer to a person who is not an Israelite. Yahweh is emphasizing that the people of Israel should not let a foreigner rule over them. Alternate translation: “a foreigner over yourself” or “a non-Israelite over yourself”
17:16 pr1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes for Yahweh had said to you, ‘You will never return that way again.’ 0 This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh had said that you must never return to Egypt again.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
17:17 zj8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche so that his heart does not turn away 0 Here “heart” refers to the whole person. An Israelite king who marries foreign wives and starts to worship their false gods is spoken of as if his heart were to turn away from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “so that they do not cause him to stop honoring Yahweh and start worshiping false gods” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17:18 tt3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy When he sits on the throne of his kingdom 0 Here “throne” represents the person’s power and authority as king. To sit on the throne means to become king. Alternate translation: “When he becomes king”
17:18 h6x6 he must write for himself in a scroll a copy of this law 0 This could mean: (1) “he must personally write in a scroll a copy of this law for himself” or (2) “he must appoint someone to write in a scroll a copy of this law for him”
17:18 xh2p from the law that is before the priests, who are Levites 0 Alternate translation: “from the copy of the law that the Levitical priests keep”
17:19 f877 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism so as to keep all the words of this law and these statutes, to observe them 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the king must obey all of God’s law.
17:20 b7e5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche so that his heart is not lifted up above his brothers 0 Here “his heart” refers to the whole person. A king becoming arrogant is spoken of as if his heart were lifted up. Alternate translation: “so that he does not become arrogant” or “so that he does not think he is better than his fellow Israelites” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17:20 idm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor so that he does not turn away from the commandments, to the right hand or to the left 0 A king disobeying God’s commands is spoken of as if a person were to turn off the correct path. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “so that he does not disobey any of the commandments” or “so that he obeys all of the commandments” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
17:20 sa87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor prolong his days 0 Long days is a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated a similar phrase “prolong your days” in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time”
18:intro u6pf 0 # Deuteronomy 18 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Levites\n\nAs Yahweh’s chosen priests, the priest were to trust in Yahweh to provide for them. He provided for them through the rest of the Israelites. Yahweh was their inheritance. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])\n\n### Messiah\n\nThis chapter is one of the first prophecies about the promised, coming Messiah. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])
18:1 u386 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will have no portion nor inheritance with Israel 0 The Levites not receiving any land from Yahweh is spoken of as if they would not receive an inheritance. Alternate translation: “will not possess any of the people’s land” or “will not receive any of the land that the Israelites will possess”
18:2 pd8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh is their inheritance 0 Moses speaks of the great honor that Aaron and his descendants will have by serving Yahweh as priests as if Yahweh were something that they will inherit. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 10:9](../10/09.md). Alternate translation: “instead, they will have Yahweh” or “instead, Yahweh will allow them to serve him and he will provide for them through that service”
18:5 py8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy has chosen him 0 Here “him” represents all the Levites.
18:5 g5j5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to stand to serve in the name of Yahweh 0 Here “the name of Yahweh” stands for Yahweh himself and his authority. Alternate translation: “to be his special servants” or “to serve as a representative of Yahweh”
18:5 ep9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche him and his sons forever 0 Here “him” represents all the Levites. Alternate translation: “the Levites and their descendants forever”
18:6 we5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom desires with all his soul 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “strongly desires” or “really wants”
18:7 p9jv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy then he must serve in the name of Yahweh his God 0 Here “name” represents Yahweh and his authority. Alternate translation: “then he must serve Yahweh his God as a priest”
18:9 gvb6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go When you have come 0 Here “come” can be translated as “gone” or “entered.”
18:9 b17w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you must not learn to observe the abominations of those nations 0 God hates the religious activities of the people in the surrounding nations. He considers them to be terribly evil. Here “nations” represents the people. Alternate translation: “you must not do the terrible things that the people of the other nations do”
18:10 ey79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive There must not be found among you anyone 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “There must not be anyone among you”
18:10 hta7 anyone who uses divination … tells fortunes … reads signs found in a cup … engages in witchcraft 0 These are different ways of practicing magic. God has forbidden every kind of magic. If you do not have a word for all of these activities, it can be stated more generally. Alternate translation: “anyone who uses magic to try to find out what will happen in the future, to cast spells”
18:11 g9dh any charmer … anyone who conjurs up spirits … one who casts spells … who talks with spirits of the dead 0 These are phrases for people who practice different kinds of magic. God has forbidden every kind of magic. If you do not have a word for all of these types of people, you can translate more generally. Alternate translation: “anyone who uses magic to cast spells, or to talk to the spirits of dead people”
18:14 aj59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy For these nations 0 Here “nations” stands for the people groups that live in Canaan. Alternate translation: “For these people groups”
18:15 pp4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh your God will raise up for you a prophet 0 Yahweh appointing a person to be a prophet is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift the person up.
18:16 pp7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes on the day of the assembly, saying, ‘Let us not hear again the voice of Yahweh our God, nor see this great fire anymore, or we will die.’ 0 This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “on the day of the assembly when you said that you did not want to hear the voice of Yahweh our God, nor see his great fire anymore, because you were afraid that you would die.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
18:16 l7c6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Let us not hear again the voice of Yahweh our God 0 Here Yahweh is represented by his “voice” to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “Let us not hear Yahweh our God speak again”
18:18 t95s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will raise up a prophet for them 0 Yahweh appointing a person to be a prophet is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift the person up.
18:18 p717 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will put my words in his mouth 0 Yahweh telling the prophet what to say is spoken of as if Yahweh would put words in the prophet’s mouth.
18:19 pt28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy does not listen to the words of mine that he speaks in my name 0 Here “my name” represents Yahweh and his authority. Alternate translation: “does not listen to him when he speaks my message”
18:19 n8mr require it of him 0 Alternate translation: “I will hold him responsible” or “I will punish him.” Here “him” refers to the person who does not listen to the prophet.
18:20 ip16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in my name 0 Here “my name” refers to Yahweh himself and his authority. Alternate translation: “for me” or “with my authority”
18:20 f7vu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who speaks in the name of other gods 0 Here “name” represents the gods themselves or their authority. This means the prophet claims that false gods told him to speak a certain message.
18:21 ryk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy This is what you must say in your heart 0 Here “heart” represents the thoughts of a person. Alternate translation: “You ask yourself” or “You must say to yourself”
18:21 gbx1 How will we recognize a message that Yahweh has not spoken? 0 Alternate translation: “How will we know if the message that the prophet speaks is from Yahweh?” Here “we” refers to the people of Israel.
18:22 kzp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a prophet speaks in the name of Yahweh 0 Here “name of Yahweh” refers to Yahweh himself and his authority. Alternate translation: “a prophet claims to speak for me” or “a prophet claims to speak with my authority”
18:22 ys2k the prophet has spoken it arrogantly 0 Alternate translation: “the prophet has spoken this message without my authority”
19:intro r53s 0 # Deuteronomy 19 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Justice\n\nAnother way justice would be maintained in Israel was by avoiding revenge killings. This chapter describes the establishment of special cities to protect those fleeing from revenge killings. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])\n\n### Witnesses\n\nIn the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Law of retaliation\n\nThe chapter describes a famous law, often called the “law of retaliation.” It is said, an “eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.” This does not mean a person who causes another person to lose their eye must have their own eye removed as punishment. This law is not about making all things equal. Instead, it is about limiting the punishment or the ability of a person to retaliate. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:1 av28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor When Yahweh your God cuts off the nations 0 Yahweh destroying the people who live in Canaan is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree.
19:1 jh1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the nations 0 This represents the people groups that live in Canaan.
19:1 y55w those whose land Yahweh your God is giving you 0 Alternate translation: “those nations who were living in the land that Yahweh your God is giving you”
19:1 kl51 come after them 0 Alternate translation: “take the land from those nations” or “possess the land after those nations are gone”
19:3 ty5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit You must build a road 0 They were to build roads so that it would be easy for people to travel to these cities.
19:3 g91q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit divide the borders of your land into three parts 0 It is implied that one of the cities they choose must be in each part of the land.
19:3 psa1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the land that Yahweh your God is causing you to inherit 0 Yahweh giving the land to the people of Israel is spoken of as if the people are inheriting the land.
19:4 v7rc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis concerning the one who kills another 0 The word “person” is understood. Alternate translation: “for a person who kills another person”
19:4 cez8 and flees from there 0 Alternate translation: “and who escapes to one of these cities” or “who runs to one of these cities”
19:4 k7eb the one who unintentionally kills his neighbor 0 Here “neighbor” means any person in general. Alternate translation: “any person who kills another person by accident”
19:4 uvu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit without hating him at the time of the accident 0 Alternate translation: “but did not hate his neighbor before he killed him.” This implies there was no cause for him to kill his neighbor purposely.
19:5 qb1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo For example, if a man goes into the forest … to cut wood 0 The author gives a hypothetical situation where a person accidentally kills another person.
19:5 l3mr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to one of these cities and save his life 0 It is implied that the family of the dead man may try to get revenge. The man who killed him can flee to one of these cities, and the people there would protect him.
19:6 qq6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the avenger of blood 0 Here “blood” represents the person who was killed. An “avenger of blood” is a close relative of the person who was killed. This relative is responsible for punishing the murderer.
19:6 xgi5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the one who took a life 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the one who killed the other person”
19:6 xc46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in the heat of his anger 0 Someone being very angry is spoken of as if anger were something that could become hot. Alternate translation: “and being very angry”
19:6 ugg9 strike him and kill him 0 Alternate translation: “And the blood avenger strikes and kills the one who had killed the other person”
19:6 z4dg though that man did not deserve to die, since he had not hated his neighbor in the past 0 Alternate translation: “though that man did not deserve to die since he accidentally killed the other person and was not his enemy, and he had not planned to hurt the man”
19:9 jg6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to always walk in his ways 0 How God wants a person to live or behave is spoken of as if it were Yahweh’s way or road. A person who obeys Yahweh is spoken of as if he were walking on Yahweh’s way or road. Alternate translation: “to always obey him”
19:9 yw53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers then you must add three more cities for yourself 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “then you must choose three more cities for a person to escape to if he accidentally kills someone” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:9 v9ky rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers besides these three 0 Alternate translation: “in addition to the three cities you already established”
19:10 pz9n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Do this so that innocent blood is not shed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do this so that family members do not kill an innocent person”
19:10 nw4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy innocent blood is not shed 0 Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To shed blood means to kill a person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one kills an innocent person” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
19:10 xf54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh your God is giving you for as an inheritance 0 The land that Yahweh is giving the people of Israel is spoken of as if it were an inheritance.
19:10 jrj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor so that no bloodguilt may be on you 0 The people of Israel being guilty for a person dying because they did not build a city where he would be safe from the “blood avenger” is spoken of as if the guilt of his death is on them.
19:10 swl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy bloodguilt 0 Here “blood” represents a life and “bloodguilt” refers to the guilt someone has for killing an innocent person.
19:10 p59g may be on you 0 This means that if a family member kills an innocent person, then all the people of Israel will be guilty for letting that happen.
19:11 vzh1 his neighbor 0 Here “neighbor” means any person in general.
19:11 c5ne rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit lies in wait for him 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “hides and waits in order to kill him” or “plans to kill him”
19:11 k2et rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom rises up against him 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “attacks him”
19:11 fl1g mortally wounds him so that he dies 0 Alternate translation: “hurts him so that he dies” or “and kills him”
19:12 y76n must send and bring him back from there 0 Alternate translation: “must send someone to get him and bring him back from the city that he escaped to”
19:12 w6c5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom turn him over 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “give him over”
19:12 wm9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy into the hand of the responsible relative 0 Here “the hand” represents the authority of someone. Alternate translation: “to the authority of the responsible relative” or “to the responsible relative”
19:13 nzj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Your eye must not pity him 0 Here “your eye” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “Do not show him mercy” or “Do not feel sorry for him”
19:13 bf7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you must eradicate the bloodguilt from Israel 0 Here “bloodguilt” represents the guilt for murdering an innocent person. Alternate translation: “you must execute the murderer so that the people of Israel will not be guilty for the death of an innocent person”
19:13 m9xl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from Israel 0 Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel.
19:14 il44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit You must not remove your neighbor’s landmark 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “You must not take land away from your neighbor by moving the markers on the borders of his land”
19:14 z3yt they set in place 0 Alternate translation: “that your ancestors placed”
19:14 aq1b a long time ago 0 Moses means that when the people have lived in the land for a long time, they should not move the borders that their ancestors made when they first took the land.
19:14 xa6i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in your inheritance that you will inherit, in the land that Yahweh your God is giving you to possess 0 Yahweh giving the land to the people of Israel is spoken of as if they were inheriting the land. Alternate translation: “in the land that Yahweh your God is giving to you to possess”
19:15 j3fr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom must not rise up against a man 0 Here “rise up” means to stand up in court and speak against someone to a judge. Alternate translation: “must not speak to the judges about something bad that a man did”
19:15 hv5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses 0 Here “mouth” represents what the witnesses say. It is implied that there must be at least two or three witnesses. Alternate translation: “at the testimony of at least two or three people” or “based on what at least two or three people say happened” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:15 b9c6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive must any matter be confirmed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will you confirm that the man is guilty”
19:16 zqg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom rises up against any man to testify against him of wrongdoing 0 Here “rise up” means to stand up in court and speak against someone to a judge. Alternate translation: “tells the judge that a man sinned in order to get the man in trouble” or “tells the judge that a man sinned, so the judge will punish him”
19:17 xh66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit must stand before Yahweh, before the priests and the judges 0 This means the two persons must go to the sanctuary where Yahweh’s presence dwells. At the sanctuary are priests and judges who have the authority to make legal decisions for Yahweh.
19:17 d8nf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom stand before Yahweh, before the priests and the judges 0 The phrase “stand before” is an idiom. It means to go to someone with authority and let him make a legal decision about a matter.
19:18 cr9r The judges must make diligent inquiries 0 Alternate translation: “The judges must work very hard to determine what happened”
19:19 b5ya then must you do to him, as he had wished to do to his brother 0 Alternate translation: “then you must punish the false witness in the same way as he wanted you to punish the other man”
19:19 p5aa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj you will remove the evil from among you 0 The nominal adjective “the evil” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “you will remove the evil practice from among you”
19:20 n7hc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit will hear and fear 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “will hear about the punishment and be afraid of getting punished”
19:21 z5fm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Your eyes must not pity 0 Here “eyes” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “You must not pity him” or “You must not show him mercy”
19:21 nz4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis life will pay for life … foot for foot 0 Here the phrases are shortened because the meaning is understood. It means the people must punish a person in the same way that he harmed another person.
20:intro qq8m 0 # Deuteronomy 20 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s protection\nIsrael was not to worry about the power and strength of other nations. Instead, they were to trust in the power of Yahweh. He is the source of their military strength and protection. This is why a priest leads them into battle, rather than a military commander. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])\n\n### Holy war\n\nIsrael’s conquering of the Promised Land was unique in history. It was a type of holy war and had special rules. This war was really Yahweh’s punishment against the sin of the Canaanite people. If the people were not completely destroyed, they would cause Israel to sin. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### “What man is there”\nThis phrase is used several times to introduce a rhetorical question. The questions are intended to tell the readers that Yahweh only wants soldiers who are completely dedicated to fighting for him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Excused from fighting\n\nIn ancient Israel, men were excused from fighting in battle for several different reasons. Some of these reasons are mentioned in this chapter. Apparently, needing to establish a new house, the need to harvest a field and cowardice were possible excuses. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20:1 r5j1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit see horses, chariots 0 People considered an army with many horses and chariots to be very strong. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
20:1 ta4q he who brought you up out of the land of Egypt 0 Yahweh brought the people from Egypt to Canaan. It was common to use the word “up” to refer to traveling from Egypt to Canaan. Alternate translation: “Yahweh who led you out from the land of Egypt”
20:3 fy5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Do not let your hearts faint. Do not fear or tremble. Do not be afraid of them 0 These four expressions all mean the same thing and strongly emphasize that they are not to be afraid. If your language does not have four ways to express this concept, you may use less than four.
20:3 e17d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Do not let your hearts faint 0 Here “hearts” represents people’s courage. For a heart to faint is an idiom that means “Do not be afraid.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:4 mdt8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh your God is the one who is going with you to fight for you against your enemies 0 Yahweh defeating the enemies of the people of Israel is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who would fight along with the people of Israel.
20:5 i6ss rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The officers must speak 0 One of the officers’ jobs was to decide who could leave the army. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
20:5 x2xn What man is there … Let him go and return to his house 0 Alternate translation: “If any soldier here has built a new house and has not dedicated it, he should go back to his house”
20:5 ti4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo so that he does not die in battle and another man dedicates it 0 The officer is describing a situation that could possibly happen to a soldier. Alternate translation: “so that, if he dies in battle, another man will not dedicate his house instead of him”
20:6 vr9v Is there anyone who has planted … Let him go home 0 Alternate translation: “If any soldier here has a new vineyard, but has not yet harvested its grapes, he should go back to his house”
20:6 tal6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo so he will not die in battle and another man enjoy its fruit 0 The officer is describing a situation that could possibly happen to a soldier. Alternate translation: “so that, if he dies in battle, another man will not harvest its fruit instead of him”
20:7 n1rz What man is there who is engaged to marry a woman … Let him go home 0 Alternate translation: “If any soldier here has promised to marry a woman, but has not yet married her, he should go back to his house”
20:7 c3bq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo so that he does not die in battle and another man marries her 0 The officer is describing a situation that could possibly happen to a soldier. Alternate translation: “so that, if he dies in battle, another man does not marry her instead of him”
20:8 bjh6 What man is there who is fearful or fainthearted? Let him go and return to his house 0 Alternate translation: “If any soldier here is afraid and not brave, he should go back to his house”
20:8 xs8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet fearful or fainthearted 0 Both of these words mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “afraid to fight in battle”
20:8 vra8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom his brother’s heart does not melt like his own heart 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “another Israelite does not become afraid like he is afraid”
20:8 j8t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy brother’s heart … his own heart 0 Here “heart” represents a person’s courage.
20:9 bl8n they must appoint commanders over them 0 Alternate translation: “the officers must appoint people to be commanders and to lead the people of Israel”
20:10 gc68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy When you march up to attack a city 0 Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “When you go to attack the people of a city”
20:11 yd6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy open their gates to you 0 Here “gates” refers to the city gates. The phrase “open their gates to you” represents the people surrendering and allowing the Israelites to enter their city. Alternate translation: “let you enter their city peacefully”
20:11 lru9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive all the people who are found in it 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all the people in the city”
20:12 c8y1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy But if it makes no offer of peace 0 Here “it” refers to the city which represents the people. Alternate translation: “But if the people of the city do not surrender” or “But if the people of the city do not accept your offer of peace”
20:15 yvw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all the cities 0 Here “cities” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people who live in cities”
20:16 wi9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor In the cities of these peoples that Yahweh your God is giving you as an inheritance 0 The cities in Canaan that Yahweh is giving to the people is spoken of as if the cities were the people’s inheritance.
20:16 ql5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes you must save alive nothing that breathes 0 Alternate translation: “you must not let any living thing stay alive.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you must kill every living thing”
20:18 ya8k to act in any of their abominable ways … their gods 0 Alternate translation: “to act in abominable ways like the people in these nations have done with their gods”
20:18 i63g If you do, you will sin against Yahweh your God 0 Alternate translation: “If you act like these people, you will sin against Yahweh your God”
20:19 m55u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion For is the tree of the field a man whom you should besiege? 0 This rhetorical question is to remind the people of what they should already know. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “For fruit trees are not people, so they are not your enemy.”
21:intro qfb6 0 # Deuteronomy 21 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Elders\n\nOlder men were required to lead the people of Israel and help to administer justice. These men would function as judges, which would later become a more official position. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])\n\n### Peace in Israel\n\nThe rules and instructions in this chapter help to ensure peace in Israel. This is not a military peace. Instead, it is about establishing peace within Israel and among the people.
21:1 z641 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive If someone is found killed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If someone finds a person whom someone else has killed”
21:1 w5dt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it is not known who has attacked him 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “nobody knows who attacked him”
21:2 kj57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive him who has been killed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “him whom someone has killed” or “the dead body”
21:4 c4aq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom running water 0 This is an idiom for water that is moving. Alternate translation: “a stream”
21:4 cc7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a valley that has been neither plowed nor sown 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a valley where nobody has plowed the ground or planted seeds”
21:5 k6ht must come forward 0 Alternate translation: “must come to the valley”
21:5 f1vj for Yahweh your God has chosen them to serve him 0 Alternate translation: “because the priests are the ones whom Yahweh your God has chosen to serve him”
21:5 et1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Yahweh your God 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if he were speaking to one man, so the word “your” is singular.
21:5 dtv4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in the name of Yahweh 0 Here the metonym “in the name of” refers to Yahweh and his authority. Alternate translation: “as one who says and does what Yahweh himself would say and do”
21:5 d9ju Yahweh and to decide every case of dispute and assault by their word 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh, and they will be the ones who settle all disagreements and cases of violence”
21:6 sd84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the heifer whose neck was broken 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the heifer whose neck the priests broke”
21:7 hzz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Our hands have not shed this blood 0 Here “hands” are a synecdoche for the whole person and “shed this blood” is a metonym for killing an innocent person. Alternate translation: “We did not kill this innocent person” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:7 p19h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche neither have our eyes seen it 0 Here “eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “and we did not see anyone kill this person”
21:8 n8mm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to tell the elders what they should say when they wash their hands over the heifer. He speaks to them as if he were speaking to one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular.
21:8 zi6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor whom you have redeemed 0 Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves in Egypt is spoken of as if Yahweh paid money to redeem his people from slavery.
21:8 h6er rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom do not put guilt for innocent bloodshed in the midst of your people Israel 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “do not treat your people Israel as if they are guilty of killing an innocent person”
21:8 ay2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Then the bloodshed will be forgiven them 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh will forgive his people Israel for the death of an innocent person”
21:9 jt76 you will put away the innocent blood from your midst 0 Alternate translation: “you will not be guilty any more of killing an innocent person”
21:9 xm7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what is right in the eyes of Yahweh 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what is right in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be right”
21:10 wt6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular.
21:13 vnh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular.
21:13 b55v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit she will take off the clothes she was wearing 0 She will do this after the man brings her to his house and when she shaves her head and cuts her fingernails and toenails as mentioned in [Deuteronomy 21:12](../21/12.md). The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “she will take off the clothes of her people and put on Israelite clothes”
21:13 b4yf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive when she was taken captive 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when you took her captive”
21:13 r54x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism After that you may lie with her 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “After that you may have sexual relations with her”
21:14 ft5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit But if you take no delight in her 0 You may need to make explicit that the man sleeps with the woman. Alternate translation: “But if you sleep with her and then decide that you do not want her as your wife”
21:15 v2gp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive one is loved and the other is hated 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: This could mean: (1) “the man loves one of his wives and he hates the other wife” or (2) “the man loves one wife more than he loves the other wife”
21:15 jg5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive if the firstborn son is of her that is hated 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if the firstborn son belongs to the wife whom the man hates”
21:16 f8q7 then on the day that the man 0 Alternate translation: “when the man”
21:16 ym4g the man causes his sons to inherit what he possesses 0 Alternate translation: “the man gives his possessions to his sons as an inheritance”
21:16 zf5n he may not make the son of the beloved wife the firstborn before the son of the hated wife 0 Alternate translation: “he may not treat the son of the beloved wife as if he were the firstborn instead of the son of the hated wife”
21:17 jb7c a double portion 0 Alternate translation: “twice as much”
21:17 njj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom that son is the beginning of his strength 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that son is the one who shows that the man can become the father of sons”
21:18 m9cz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who will not obey the voice of his father or the voice of his mother 0 Here “voice” is a metonym for what a person says. Alternate translation: “who will not obey what his father or mother say”
21:20 xgq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” are singular.
21:20 v2fh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he will not obey our voice 0 Here “voice” is a metonym for what a person says or a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “he will not do what we tell him to do” or “he will not obey us” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
21:21 y2jq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj you will remove the evil from among you 0 The adjective “evil” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person”
21:21 eax8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy All Israel 0 The word “Israel” is a metonym for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “All the people of Israel”
21:21 dpr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit will hear of it and fear 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “will hear about what happened to the son and be afraid that the people will punish them also”
21:22 bv2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular.
21:22 nh6m If a man has committed a sin worthy of death 0 Alternate translation: “If a man has done something so bad that you need to punish him by killing him”
21:22 h9vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive he is put to death 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you execute him” or “you kill him”
21:22 hfw9 you hang him on a tree 0 This could mean: (1) “after he has died you hang him on a tree” or (2) “you kill him by hanging him on a wooden post”
21:23 y9lb bury him the same day 0 Alternate translation: “bury him on the same day as when you execute him”
21:23 ztq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive for whoever is hanged is cursed by God 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) “because God curses everyone whom people hang on trees” and (2) “people hang on trees those whom God has cursed.”
21:23 i54a do not defile the land 0 by leaving something God has cursed hanging in the tree
22:intro hk1i 0 # Deuteronomy 22 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Order in Israel\n\nThe instructions in this chapter help to maintain order in this chapter. The people are to have integrity. The people’s sin will result in serious punishment. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n### Virgin woman\n\nIf a woman was not a virgin, she was not considered to be worth marrying. The man who slept with her was responsible for providing for her since she will not be able to find a husband to provide for her. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
22:1 b8pa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
22:1 z51n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom hide yourself from them 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “act as if you do not see them” or “go away without doing anything”
22:3 ez2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
22:3 hk97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom you must not hide yourself 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you must not act as if you do not see that he has lost something” or “you must not go away without doing anything”
22:4 zc1c you must surely help him to lift it up again 0 Alternate translation: “you must help your fellow Israelite lift the animal back up onto its feet”
22:6 ciu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
22:7 f4iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor prolong your days 0 Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time”
22:8 yyd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
22:8 f2cy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy so that you do not bring blood on your house 0 Blood is a symbol for death. Alternate translation: “so that it will not be the fault of your household if someone dies”
22:9 c3ah rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
22:9 de7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy so that the whole harvest is not confiscated by the holy place 0 The words “holy place” is a metonym for the priests who work in the holy place. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that the priests in Yahweh’s holy place do not take away the whole harvest” or “so that you do not defile the whole harvest and the priests do not allow you to use it” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:11 a4tf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown linen 0 thread made from the flax plant
22:12 f6fs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” here is singular.
22:14 qkl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns puts a bad reputation on her 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **reputation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “makes other people think she is a bad person”
22:14 pd58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism but when I came near to her 0 This is a polite way of saying “to have sexual relations with someone.” Alternate translation: “but when I slept with her”
22:14 l34f I found no proof of virginity in her 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **proof**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “she could not prove to me that she was a virgin”
22:15 k5i1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns must take proof of her virginity 0 The abstract nouns “proof” and “virginity” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “must take something that proves that she has never had sexual relations”
22:17 i7ju rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he has accused her of shameful things 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “he has accused her of having slept with someone before he married her”
22:17 m954 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I did not find in your daughter the proof of virginity 0 The abstract nouns “proof” and “virginity” can be translated as verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “Your daughter could not prove that she has never had sexual relations”
22:17 bhe3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns But here is the proof of my daughter’s virginity 0 The abstract nouns “proof” and “virginity” can be translated as verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “But this proves that my daughter has never had sexual relations”
22:17 sdd9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Then they will spread the garment out before the elders of the city 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “And then the mother and father will show the clothing with the bloodstain to the elders as proof that she was a virgin”
22:19 q46p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns has caused a bad reputation for a virgin of Israel 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **reputation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “has caused people to think that a virgin of Israel is a bad person”
22:20 h9vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that the proof of virginity was not found in the girl 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the man did not find proof that the girl was a virgin”
22:20 ut1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the proof of virginity 0 The abstract nouns “proof” and “virginity” can be translated as verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “something that proves that the girl has never had sexual relations”
22:21 n3u5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj you will remove the evil 0 The adjective “evil” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person”
22:22 tr9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” is singular.
22:22 gj36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive If a man is found 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If someone finds a man”
22:22 jwc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism lying with 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “having sexual relations with”
22:23 a6yj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” is singular.
22:24 h5rb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit because he violated his neighbor’s wife 0 The Israelites at that time thought of a man and woman who had engaged each other for marriage as husband and wife. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “because he slept with a girl who belongs to a fellow Israelite”
22:24 h8jh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj you will remove the evil from among you 0 The adjective “evil” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person”
22:25 y33y then only the man who lies with her must die 0 Alternate translation: “then you must only kill the man who lay with her”
22:26 x3q2 there is no sin worthy of death in the girl 0 Alternate translation: “you are not to punish her by killing her for what she did”
22:26 xrs6 For this case is like when a man attacks his neighbor and kills him 0 Alternate translation: “Because this situation is like the situation when somebody attacks another person and kills him”
22:27 qqe5 For he found her in the field 0 Alternate translation: “Because the man found the girl working in the field”
22:28 s17p but who is not engaged 0 Alternate translation: “but whose parents have not promised another man that she will marry him”
22:28 i4cs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism lies with her 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with her”
22:28 m9ah rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive if they are discovered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if somebody finds out what happened”
22:29 tr9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney fifty shekels of silver 0 A shekel weighs eleven grams. Alternate translation: “fifty pieces of silver” or “550 grams of silver” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
22:29 yb82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom He may not send her away during all his days 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “He must never divorce her during his entire life”
22:30 hh8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit must not take his father’s wife as his own 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “must not marry his father’s former wife, even if she is not his mother”
23:intro rn7c 0 # Deuteronomy 23 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The assembly of Yahweh\n\nThis was probably the corporate worship of Yahweh, when the people would come together to worship him.\n\n### Racial superiority\n\nYahweh viewed Israel as superior to the other nations of Canaan. In many cultures, this may be seen as immoral. It must be remembered that the instructions of this chapter are very remote from the modern world. These people groups were always sinful and idolatrous. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
23:1 r8v9 man injured by crushing or cutting off 0 Alternate translation: “man whose private body parts someone has crushed or cut off”
23:1 z8kb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom may enter the assembly of Yahweh 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “may be a full member of the Israelite community”
23:2 eh16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal as far as to the tenth generation of his descendants 0 This “tenth” is the ordinal number for ten. Alternate translation: “even after ten generations of the illegitimate child’s descendants”
23:3 zk3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom may not belong to the assembly of Yahweh 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “may not be a full member of the Israelite community”
23:3 upu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal as far as to the tenth generation of his descendants 0 This “tenth” is the ordinal number for ten. Alternate translation: “even after ten generations of his descendants”
23:4 sk15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they did not meet you with bread and with water 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “they did not welcome you by bringing you food and drink”
23:4 l814 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you against you … curse you 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” here is singular.
23:5 nd5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
23:5 zpa9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom would not listen 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “did not pay attention”
23:5 ag3p turned the curse into a blessing for you 0 Alternate translation: “had him bless you and not curse you”
23:6 nk42 You must never seek their peace or prosperity 0 This could mean: (1) “You should never make a peace treaty with the Ammonites and the Moabites” or (2) “You must not do anything to cause things to go well for those 2 people groups to enable them to prosper” .
23:6 nxp6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom during all your days 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “as long as you are a nation”
23:7 erl6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
23:8 iwm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal The descendants of the third generation that are born to them may belong to the assembly of Yahweh 0 This “third” is the ordinal number for three. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “If an Edomite or an Egyptian comes to live in the Israelite community, his grandchildren may become full members of that community” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
23:9 ffs3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you When you march out as an army against your enemies, then you must keep yourselves 0 Moses speaks here to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular.
23:10 fmm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism any man who is unclean because of what happened to him at night 0 This is a polite way of saying that he had an emission of semen. Alternate translation: “any man who is unclean because he had an emission of semen while he was asleep”
23:12 myh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
23:13 sn2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism when you squat down to relieve yourself 0 This is a polite way of saying to defecate. Alternate translation: “when you squat down to defecate”
23:15 ba2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
23:15 cfk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a slave who has escaped from his master 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “a slave from another country who escaped from his master and came to Israel”
23:17 kr1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
23:17 cmz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism cultic prostitute … among any of the daughters … among the sons 0 This could mean: (1) Moses openly forbids women and men to perform sexual acts as part of temple service or (2) Moses uses a euphemism to forbid women and men to perform sexual acts to receive money.
23:18 i3pv You must not bring the wages of a prostitute … into the house 0 Alternate translation: “A woman who earns money as a prostitute must not bring that money … into the house”
23:19 ad32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
23:19 z4pg interest of money … anything that is lent on interest 0 Alternate translation: “you must not charge interest when you lend somebody money, food, or anything else”
23:20 ubn8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom all that you put your hand to 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “all that you do”
23:21 nbs8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
23:21 q8a9 you must not be slow in fulfilling it 0 Alternate translation: “you must not take a long time to fulfill the vow”
23:21 cns1 for Yahweh your God will surely require it of you 0 Alternate translation: “because Yahweh your God will blame you and punish you if you do not fulfill your vow”
23:22 g92k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit But if you will refrain from making a vow, it will be no sin for you 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “But, if you do not make a vow, you will not sin because you will not have a vow to fulfill”
23:23 d5bw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom That which has gone out from your lips 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The words you have spoken”
23:23 mp5l according as you have vowed to Yahweh your God 0 Alternate translation: “whatever you have vowed to Yahweh your God that you will do”
23:23 cj72 anything that you have freely promised with your mouth 0 Alternate translation: “anything that people have heard you promise to do because you wanted to do it”
23:23 qm3v with your mouth 0 Alternate translation: “so that people heard you say it”
23:24 gy1x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
23:24 ris3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit but do not put any in your basket 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “but you may not put any grapes in your bag to take them away with you”
23:25 em5k When you go into your neighbor’s ripe grain 0 Alternate translation: “When you walk through your neighbor’s field where there is grain growing”
23:25 v1t5 you may pluck the heads of grain with your hand 0 Alternate translation: “then you may eat the kernels of grain with your hand”
23:25 jv7v but do not put a sickle to your neighbor’s ripe grain 0 Alternate translation: “but do not cut down your neighbor’s ripe grain and take it with you”
23:25 q13q sickle 0 a sharp tool that farmers use to harvest wheat
24:intro l5h3 0 # Deuteronomy 24 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter continues the teaching about how to maintain justice in Israel. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### “No man may take a mill or an upper millstone as a pledge”\nA millstone was the way a person made a living. To take a person’s millstone was to take away the way they earned money and produced food. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n### Lending money\n\nLending money to fellow Israelites was a way to help them out. It was not intended to be a way to make money off their brothers. This chapter gives limitations regarding the lending of money.
24:1 t3lr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet When a man takes a wife and marries her 0 The phrases “takes a wife” and “marries her” mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “When a man marries a woman”
24:1 a5ki rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche if she finds no favor in his eyes 0 Here the “eyes” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “if he decides that he does not like her”
24:1 bk83 because he has found some unsuitable thing in her 0 Alternate translation: “because for some reason he has decided that he does not want to keep her”
24:1 t5b8 he must write her a certificate of divorce 0 Alternate translation: “he must give his wife an official paper saying that they are not married anymore”
24:2 s8m8 she may go and be another man’s wife 0 Alternate translation: “she may go and marry another man”
24:3 i2hq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues speaking to the people of Israel about a woman who gets a divorce and marries another man. Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
24:3 x5th If the second husband hates her 0 Alternate translation: “If the second husband decides that he hates the woman”
24:3 n5zv certificate of divorce 0 This is an official paper saying that the man and woman are not married anymore. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 24:1](../24/01.md).
24:3 fwe1 puts it into her hand 0 Alternate translation: “gives it to the woman”
24:4 pjf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit after she has become impure 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “after she has become unclean by the divorce and remarriage to another man”
24:4 wx6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification You must not cause the land to become guilty 0 The land is spoken of as if it could sin. Alternate translation: “You must not spread guilt around in the land”
24:5 e825 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive neither may he be commanded to go on any forced duty 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and no one is to force him to live away from his home and do any kind of work”
24:6 sp1u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for that would be taking a person’s life as a pledge 0 The word “life” is a metonym for what a person needs to keep himself alive. Alternate translation: “because he would be taking from the man what the man needs to make food for his family”
24:7 pj12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
24:7 q93t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom If a man is found kidnapping 0 This is an idiom for “If a man kidnaps.” It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you find a man kidnapping” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
24:7 jx4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj you will remove the evil from among you 0 The adjective “evil” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person”
24:8 s2sl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Take heed … you carefully observe 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites here as if they were one man, so the word “you” and the command “take heed” are singular.
24:8 a4y7 Take heed regarding any plague of leprosy 0 Alternate translation: “Pay attention if you suffer from leprosy” or “Pay attention if you have leprosy”
24:8 g4nu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive every instruction given to you which the priests, the Levites, teach you 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all of the instructions that I have given you and that the priests, who are Levites, teach you to do”
24:8 bq6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you teach you … you will act 0 Moses here speaks to the Israelites as a group, so these instances of the word “you” are plural.
24:9 dz97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Call to mind what Yahweh your God 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites here as if they were one man, so the word “your” and the command “call to mind” are singular.
24:9 svp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you were coming out 0 Moses here speaks to the Israelites as a group, so the word “you” is plural.
24:9 rhd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Call to mind 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Remember”
24:10 g9z2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
24:12 igs8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
24:12 p99v you must not lie down to sleep with his pledge in your possession 0 Alternate translation: “you must not keep his coat overnight” or “you must return his pledge before you lie down to sleep”
24:12 ub2f his pledge 0 This refers to what he has promised that he would give you if he did not pay back the loan. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 24:10](../24/10.md).
24:13 ak4z restore to him the pledge 0 Alternate translation: “give him back what he has given you to show that he will pay back the loan”
24:13 b8d7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit so that he may sleep in his cloak and bless you 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “so that he will have his coat to keep himself warm when he sleeps, and he will be grateful to you”
24:13 rg78 cloak 0 This is a coat or other clothing that keeps a person warm at night. This was probably the “pledge” Moses was speaking of in [Deuteronomy 24:10–12](./10.md).
24:13 ju2d it will be righteousness for you before Yahweh your God 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will approve of the way you handled this matter”
24:14 wp93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
24:14 siq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet poor and needy 0 These two words have similar meanings and emphasize that this is a person who cannot help himself.
24:14 pkc6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche within your city gates 0 Here “city gates” mean towns or cities. Alternate translation: “in one of your cities”
24:15 en53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the sun must not go down on this unsettled matter 0 This is an idiom. The Israelites considered the new day as starting when the sun went down. Alternate translation: “you should pay the man on the same day he does the work”
24:15 qhi5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit for he is poor and is counting on it 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “because he is poor and depends on his wages to buy his food for the next day”
24:16 f9w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The parents must not be put to death for their children 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not execute the parents because of something bad that one of their children did”
24:16 dm6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive neither must the children be put to death for their parents 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language, Alternate translation: “and you must not execute the children because of something bad that their parents did”
24:16 kpm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive everyone must be put to death for his own sin 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you should only execute a person because of something bad that he did himself”
24:17 jt5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
24:17 v5c5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You must not use force to take away the justice that is due the foreigner or the fatherless 0 Moses speaks of justice as if it were a physical object that a stronger person can violently pull away from a weaker person. Alternate translation: “You must not treat a foreigner or the fatherless unfairly”
24:17 e6gp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit nor take the widow’s cloak as a pledge 0 A lender would take something from the borrower to ensure that she would pay him back. He was not allowed to take her coat because she needed it to stay warm. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and do not take a widow’s cloak as a pledge because she needs it to stay warm”
24:18 w91c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom call to mind 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember”
24:19 x6d4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
24:19 t9e2 When you reap your harvest in your field 0 Alternate translation: “When you cut down the grain in your field”
24:19 im2p an omer of grain 0 Some versions translate this as “a sheaf.” Either translation refers to stalks of grain, enough to be easily carried, possibly tied in a bundle.
24:19 nzd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis it must be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, or for the widow 0 You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “you must leave the sheaf so a foreigner, an orphan, or a widow can take it”
24:19 xe9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche in all the work of your hands 0 Here “hands” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “in all the work that you do”
24:20 e142 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis When you shake your olive tree 0 You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “When you shake the branches of your olive tree, causing the olives to fall to the ground so you can pick them up”
24:20 e3tn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis it will be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, or for the widow 0 You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “the olives that stay on the branches are for foreigners, orphans, and widows to pick and take with them”
24:21 qg17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
24:21 h98g What is left over will be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, and for the widow 0 Alternate translation: “The grapes that you do not pick will be for the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow to pick”
24:21 qsd7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun for the foreigner, for the fatherless, and for the widow 0 These refer to groups of people. Alternate translation: “for foreigners, for those who are fatherless, and for the widows”
24:22 jte9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom call to mind 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember”
25:intro e9vi 0 # Deuteronomy 25 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter continues to teach about justice in Israel. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “A perfect and just weight you must have”\nIn the ancient Near East, money was weighted on a scale. If a persons weight was off, they were robbing people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
25:2 m44y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive If the guilty man deserves to be beaten 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If the judge orders them to beat the guilty man”
25:2 b3ki rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive be beaten in his presence 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will watch them beat him”
25:2 iku9 with the ordered number of blows, as was his crime 0 Alternate translation: “the number of times he has ordered because of the bad deed he did”
25:3 e1n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers The judge may give him forty blows 0 Alternate translation: “The judge may say that they should beat the guilty person 40 times”
25:3 p5e2 but he may not exceed that number 0 Alternate translation: “but the judge may not order them to beat him more than 40 times”
25:3 n2km for if he should exceed that number and beat him with many more blows 0 Alternate translation: “because if the judge orders them to beat him many more than 40 times”
25:3 l8ju rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive then your fellow Israelite would be humiliated before your eyes 0 This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “then the judge would humiliate your fellow Israelite in front of all of the people of Israel”
25:3 s8b7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche humiliated before your eyes 0 Here the people are represented by their “eyes” to emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: “humiliated, and you would all see it”
25:5 e3vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive then the wife of the dead man must not be married off to someone 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then the family of the dead man must not let the widow marry someone”
25:5 y2p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism shall go in to her 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “shall have sexual relations with her”
25:6 tf4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy will succeed in the name of that man’s dead brother 0 The word “name” is a metonym for the person’s family line. Alternate translation: “will continue the family line of that man’s dead brother”
25:6 d4l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy so that his name will not perish from Israel 0 The word “name” is a metonym for the person’s family line. Alternate translation: “so that his family line will not disappear from Israel”
25:7 hf36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit must go up to the gate to the elders 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “must go up to the city gate where the elders judge cases”
25:7 v965 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy refuses to raise up for his brother a name 0 Here “name” refers to the memory of someone through his descendants. Alternate translation: “refuses to give his brother a son”
25:7 d9aj he will not perform the duty of a husband’s brother to me 0 Alternate translation: “he will not do what a husband’s brother is supposed to do and marry me”
25:8 sx4h I do not wish to take her 0 Alternate translation: “I do not wish to marry her”
25:9 e9kq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who does not build up his brother’s house 0 Here “house” is a metonym for the family. Alternate translation: “who does not give his brother a son and continue his brother’s family line”
25:10 hsh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The house of him whose sandal has been taken off 0 Here removing the sandal symbolizes that the brother would not receive any of the property of his dead brother. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The house of him whose sandal his brother’s widow took off his foot” or “The family of a man who did not marry the wife of his dead brother” or “The family whom everyone despises” or “The family who is shameful” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
25:11 qu3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
25:11 fd81 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of the hand of him who struck him 0 Here “hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “so the one who struck him will not strike him again” or “from the man who hit him”
25:12 lc9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche your eye must have no pity 0 Here “eye” means the whole person. Alternate translation: “you should not feel sorry for her” or “you must not show her mercy”
25:13 m4mm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
25:13 bt47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit You must not have in your bag different weights, a large and a small 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. You can also make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “You must not cheat people by using a weight that is larger than you say it is when you buy things and by using a weight that is smaller than you say it is when you sell things” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
25:14 bt5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit You must not have in your house different measures, a large and a small 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. You can also make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “You must not cheat people by using a measure that is larger than you say it is when you buy things and by using a measure that is smaller than you say it is when you sell things” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
25:15 q2jf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues speaking to the people of Israel about using fair weights and measures when buying and selling. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
25:16 xsn1 For all who do such things, all that act unrighteously 0 Alternate translation: “because everyone who cheats people by using different sized weights and measures”
25:17 za5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
25:17 fs1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Call to mind what Amalek did to you 0 This is an idiom, and “Amalek” is a metonym for the Amelikite people. Alternate translation: “Remember what the Amalekites did to you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
25:17 y9yn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you as you came out 0 The word “you” here is plural.
25:18 bv3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet faint and weary 0 These words have similar meanings and emphasize how tired the people were. Alternate translation: “tired and exhausted”
25:18 ig25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he did not honor God 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “he was not afraid of God’s punishment” or “he did not respect God”
25:19 gv8d you must blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven 0 Alternate translation: “you must kill all of the Amalekites so that nobody will remember them anymore”
26:intro t97p 0 # Deuteronomy 26 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter recalls the great events of Israel’s history when Yahweh brought them out of Egypt.
26:1 yl9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
26:2 epa3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal some of the first of all the harvest 0 Alternate translation: “some of the first fruits of the harvest” or “some of the first crops of the harvest.” This “first” is the ordinal number for one.
26:3 wq9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
26:5 u2nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
26:5 tpv8 My ancestor was a wandering Aramean 0 This is the beginning of the statement that the Israelite male should make when bringing his basket.
26:5 tq54 a wandering Aramean 0 This refers to Jacob, who was the ancestor of all the Israelites. He lived for many years in Aram-Nahairam, a region located in Syria.
26:5 k6c8 stayed there 0 Alternate translation: “lived the rest of his life there”
26:5 fi9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy There he became 0 The word “he” is a metonym for “Jacob’s descendants.”
26:5 bu5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet a great, mighty 0 These words mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that Israel became a large and powerful nation. Alternate translation: “very great”
26:6 ujn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet treated us badly and afflicted us 0 These two phrases say basically the same thing. They emphasize that the Egyptians acted very harshly.
26:6 c31y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive treated us 0 Here “us” refers to the people of Israel that were living in Egypt. The speaker includes himself as one of the people whether he lived in Egypt or not.
26:7 yr33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he heard our voice 0 Here “voice” refers to the whole person and his cries or prayers. Alternate translation: “he heard our cries” or “he heard our prayers”
26:7 g82f our affliction, our labor, and our oppression 0 Alternate translation: “that the Egyptians were afflicting us, that we were doing very hard work, and that the Egyptians were oppressing us”
26:8 bl9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive Yahweh brought us 0 Here “us” refers to the people of Israel that were living in Egypt. The speaker includes himself as one of the people whether he lived in Egypt or not.
26:8 qdu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor with a mighty hand, with an outstretched arm 0 Here “a mighty hand” and “an outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahweh’s power. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “by showing his mighty power”
26:8 r6wp with great fearsomeness 0 Alternate translation: “with acts that terrified the people who saw them”
26:9 e5yf a land that flows with milk and honey 0 This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming”
26:10 w7qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues telling the Israelites what they must say when they bring theire first crops to Yahweh. He speaks to them as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
26:10 i91e first of the harvest 0 Alternate translation: “first fruits of the harvest” or “first crops of the harvest”
26:10 w4db You must set it down 0 Alternate translation: “You must set the basket down.”
26:11 n6y8 you must rejoice in all the good that Yahweh your God has done for you 0 Alternate translation: “you must rejoice and be grateful for all the good things that Yahweh your God has done for you”
26:12 m35u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
26:12 hy2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal in the third year 0 This “third” is the ordinal number for three. Every three years the people of Israel gave a tenth of the harvest to the poor.
26:12 w7jj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche eat within your city gates and be filled 0 Here “gates” means towns or cities. Alternate translation: “so that those within your towns may have enough food to eat”
26:14 at8m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit when I was impure 0 Here “impure” means the person is unclean according to the Law. God does not allow an unclean person to touch the tithe he is giving to God. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “when I was unclean according to the Law” or “when the law says I cannot touch it”
26:14 i6zz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I have listened to the voice of Yahweh my God; I have obeyed everything you have commanded me to do 0 Here “voice of Yahweh” is a metonym for what Yahweh says. Both statements share similar meanings. They emphasize that the person has obeyed all of God’s commands. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
26:15 q1e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet from the holy place where you live, from heaven 0 These two phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “from heaven, your holy dwelling place”
26:15 y7c5 a land flowing with milk and honey 0 This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming”
26:16 q8i6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
26:16 lvb6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with all your heart and with all your soul 0 Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
26:17 v3dx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism that you will walk in his ways and keep his statutes, his commandments, and his decrees, and that you will listen to his voice 0 The words “walk,” “keep,” and “listen” have similar meanings here. Here “voice” refers to what God has said. Alternate translation: “that you will completely obey everything Yahweh commands” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
26:18 c7hk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
26:19 q8jb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he will set you high above 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he will make you more important than” or “he will make you greater than”
26:19 p58x he will set you high above all the other nations that he has made, and you will receive praise, fame, and honor 0 This could mean: (1) “he will cause you to become greater than any other nation that he has established, and he will enable you to praise him and honor him” or (2) “he will have people praise you more than they praise every other nation that he has made; people will say that you are better than any other nation, and they will honor you.”
26:19 lg4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You will be a people that is set apart to Yahweh your God 0 Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will set you apart from other nations” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
27:intro uy69 0 # Deuteronomy 27 General Notes\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### “May the man be cursed”\nThis phrase is repeated several times in this chapter. This parallelism serves as a warning to the Israelites when they will live in the Promised Land. This is part of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
27:1 mu7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted, the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
27:1 ya1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you command you today 0 Moses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so the word “you” is plural.
27:2 yul5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you will pass 0 Moses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so the word “you” is plural.
27:2 c7s3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit plaster them with plaster 0 Plaster is usually a mixture of lime, sand, and water that is spread on something. It dries to form a hard, smooth surface on which a person can write. Alternate translation: “spread plaster on them” or “make them so you can write on them”
27:3 yd13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom a land flowing with milk and honey 0 This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming”
27:4 rjy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
27:4 l6gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you have passed … set up … I am commanding you 0 Moses is addressing the Israelites as a group, so the instances of “you” and the command “set up” are plural.
27:4 gk8x plaster them with plaster 0 Alternate translation: “spread plaster on them” or “make them so you can write on them.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:2](../27/02.md).
27:4 vvi2 Mount Ebal 0 This is a mountain near Shechem. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 11:29](../11/29.md).
27:5 ebq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit you must raise no iron tool to work the stones 0 This refers to the chisels that would make the stones smoother, in order that they might fit together better. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “you will not shape the altar stones with iron tools”
27:6 c115 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
27:6 y47u unworked stones 0 stones in their natural shape that no one has shaped with metal tools
27:8 fa2n write on the stones 0 This refers to the stones they were to set up on Mount Ebal and cover with plaster. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:2](../27/02.md) and [Deuteronomy 27:4](./04.md).
27:9 dv5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
27:10 q49w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy obey the voice of Yahweh your God 0 Here the metonym “voice of Yahweh” refers to what he says. Alternate translation: “obey what Yahweh your God says”
27:12 p66t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy These tribes 0 Here the metonym “tribes” refers to the people from the tribes of Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “The people from these tribes”
27:15 pp2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive May the man be cursed … sets it up in secret 0 This is the statement the Levites must shout to all the people of Israel. It may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the person … sets it up in secret”
27:15 ne2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the work of the hands of a craftsman 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “something a man has made”
27:16 igu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive May the man be cursed 0 This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man”
27:17 api7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit who removes his neighbor’s landmark 0 The full meaning of the statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “who takes land away from his neighbor by moving the markers on the borders of his land”
27:18 f4in rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive May the man be cursed 0 This may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](../27/16.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man”
27:19 b9gc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor uses force to take away the justice due to a foreigner … widow 0 Moses speaks of justice as if it were a physical object that a stronger person can violently pull away from a weaker person. Your language might have one word that means “use force to take away.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 24:17](../24/17.md). Alternate translation: “treats a foreigner … widow unfairly”
27:20 s47r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive May the man be cursed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](../27/16.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man”
27:20 jzl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he has taken away his father’s rights 0 When a man marries a woman, only he has the legal right to sleep with her. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. Alternate translation: “he has taken away his father’s legal rights”
27:22 zer5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive May the man be cursed 0 This may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](../27/16.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man”
27:22 rhp9 the daughter of his father, or with the daughter of his mother 0 This means a man cannot sleep with his sister, even if she has a different mother or father.
27:24 n57s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive May the man be cursed 0 This may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](../27/16.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man”
27:26 z9xa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive May the man be cursed 0 This may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](../27/16.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man”
28:intro f2wv 0 # Deuteronomy 28 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Blessings and warnings\n\nThis chapter explains some of the blessings and warnings associated with Israel’s obedience to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
28:1 cg2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:1 f13g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the voice of Yahweh your God 0 Here the metonym “voice of Yahweh” refers to what he says. Alternate translation: “to what Yahweh your God says”
28:1 gb5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor set you above 0 Moses speaks of being important or being great as if it were being physically higher, as on a higher hill. Alternate translation: “make you more important than” or “make you greater than”
28:2 w8tx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor All these blessings will come on you and overtake you 0 Moses describes the blessings as a person who would attack them by surprise or chase and catch them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless you like this in ways that will completely surprise you, and it will be as if you cannot escape having him bless you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
28:3 wiv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:3 uv27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Blessed will you be 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless you”
28:3 z33g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism in the city … in the field 0 This merism means that Yahweh will bless them everywhere.
28:4 t3s8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the fruit of your body, and the fruit of your ground, and the fruit of your beasts 0 These idioms for “your children, and your crops, and all your animals” form a merism for everything the Israelites valued. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
28:4 t45f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet the fruit of your beasts, the increase of your cattle, and the young of your flock 0 This doublet is three ways of saying that Yahweh will make the Israelites’ animals many and strong. Alternate translation: “all of your animals along with the calves of the cattle and the lambs of the flocks”
28:5 w512 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:5 mk51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Blessed will be 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless”
28:5 lu31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your basket and your kneading trough 0 Israelites used a basket to carry grain. A “kneading trough” was a bowl they used to mix the grain and make bread. Alternate translation: “all the food you grow and all the food you eat”
28:6 cm5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism when you come in … when you go out 0 This merism refers to all of life’s activities everywhere they go.
28:7 ky89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:7 p5y5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive cause your enemies who rise up against you to be struck down before you 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “cause you to defeat the armies that attack you”
28:7 x6u8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom seven ways 0 This is an idiom. The actual number could be more or less than seven. Alternate translation: “in many different directions”
28:8 ppz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh will command the blessing to come on you in your barns 0 Moses describes Yahweh blessing the Israelites as if Yahweh were commanding a person to attack them by surprise. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh blesses you, you will be surprised by how much grain you have in your barns” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
28:8 r2ab rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom in all that you put your hand to 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “in everything you do”
28:9 xw3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:9 a5t2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh will establish you as a people that is set apart for himself 0 Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh put them in a place different from the place all other nations live in. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will make you a holy people that belongs to him”
28:10 k3wc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you are called by the name of Yahweh 0 Here the metonym “called by the name of Yahweh” means belonging to him. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has called you his own” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
28:11 jw4n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:11 i27w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom in the fruit of your body, in the fruit of your cattle, in the fruit of your ground 0 This is an idiom. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 28:4](../28/04.md). Alternate translation: “with children, animals, and crops”
28:12 rc3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his storehouse of the heavens 0 Moses speaks of the clouds from which the rain falls as if they were a building where he stores the rain. Alternate translation: “the clouds”
28:12 lb4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche all the work of your hand 0 The word “hand” is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “all the work that you do”
28:13 czu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:13 am9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the head, and not the tail 0 This metaphor describes the nation of Israel as an animal and means the Israelites will always be the leaders over other nations and never the servants following behind them. The Israelites will be superior in power, money, and honor.
28:13 dhn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you I am commanding you 0 Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so the word “you” is plural.
28:14 ce8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor if you do not turn away from any of the words that I am commanding you today, to the right hand or to the left, so as to go after other gods to serve them 0 Disobeying Yahweh and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if a person physically turned and went in a different direction from Yahweh’s words. Alternate translation: “if you do not disobey what I am commanding you today by serving other gods”
28:15 k4bm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:15 x89v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the voice of Yahweh your God 0 Here the metonym “voice of Yahweh” means what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh your God is saying”
28:15 g8p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor then all these curses will come on you and overtake you 0 Moses describes the curses as a person who would attack them by surprise or chase and catch them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will curse you like this in ways that will completely surprise you, and it will be as if you cannot escape having him curse you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
28:16 gl2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:16 nf28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Cursed will you be 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will curse you”
28:16 rs5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism in the city … in the field 0 This merism means that Yahweh will bless them everywhere. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:3](../28/03.md).
28:17 ii5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your basket and your kneading trough 0 The Israelites used a basket to carry grain. A “kneading trough” was a bowl they used to mix the grain and make bread. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:5](../28/05.md). Alternate translation: “all the food you grow and all the food you eat”
28:18 k7ip rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:18 nhd7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Cursed will be 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will curse”
28:18 ewg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the fruit of your body, the fruit of your ground 0 This is an idiom for “your children, your crops.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:4](../28/04.md).
28:18 xsg2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet the increase of your cattle, and the young of your flock 0 This doublet is two ways of saying that Yahweh will make the Israelites’ animals many and strong. Alternate translation: “the calves of the cattle and the lambs of the flocks”
28:19 mk23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism when you come in … when you go out 0 This merism refers to all of life’s activities everywhere they go. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:6](../28/06.md)
28:20 p97u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:20 bcy3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom in all that you put your hand to 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “in everything you do”
28:20 srg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive until you are destroyed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until your enemies destroy you”
28:22 tj8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:22 c1zz infectious diseases, with fever, with inflammation 0 Alternate translation: “diseases and burning fevers that will make you weak.” These all refer to diseases that cause people to grow weak and die.
28:22 su4y with drought 0 Alternate translation: “with lack of rain”
28:22 k5ew mildew 0 mold that grows on crops and causes them to rot
28:22 btm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification These will pursue you 0 Moses speaks of the bad things that would happen to the Israelites as if they were people or animals who would chase after the Israelites. Alternate translation: “You will suffer from them”
28:23 alx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:23 xf1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor skies … will be bronze 0 Moses speaks of the skies being like bronze because there will be no rain. Alternate translation: “skies … will give no rain”
28:23 eb3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the earth … will be iron 0 Moses speaks of the earth being like iron because no crops will grow. Alternate translation: “nothing will grow from the ground”
28:24 zt41 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive until you are destroyed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until it destroys you”
28:25 b1re rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:25 z7yb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Yahweh will cause you to be struck down before your enemies 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause your enemies to strike you down”
28:25 yfp6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers will flee before them seven ways 0 This means the Israelites will be afraid and panic and run away from their enemies. See similar wording in [Deuteronomy 28:7](../28/07.md). Alternate translation: “you will flee in seven directions”
28:25 v9pl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom seven ways 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “in many different directions”
28:25 k6ms rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive You will be tossed to and fro among all the kingdoms 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The peoples of the other nations will drive you from one nation to another”
28:27 wb3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:27 kvf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive from which you cannot be healed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “from which no one will be able to heal you”
28:29 we8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile You will grope about at noonday like the blind grope in the darkness 0 Alternate translation: “You will be like blind people who grope in darkness even at noonday.” The Israelites will have a difficult life even when everyone else is enjoying life.
28:30 zt5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:31 gh8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Your ox will be slain before your eyes 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will watch as someone kills your ox”
28:31 rf3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive your donkey will be forcibly taken away from before you and will not be restored to you 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone will take your donkey by force and will not give it back”
28:31 b24n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Your sheep will be given to your enemies 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give your sheep to your enemies” or “I will allow your enemies to take your sheep”
28:32 wy9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:32 mic6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Your sons and your daughters will be given to other peoples 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give your sons and your daughters to other peoples” or “Your enemies will take your sons and daughters”
28:32 c24q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche your eyes will look for them the entire day, but will fail with longing for them 0 Here “your eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “you will grow tired as you constantly watch for them and long to see them again”
28:32 lap6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy There will be no strength in your hand 0 Here the metonym “strength in your hand” refers to power. “Alternate translation: “You will be powerless to do anything about it”
28:33 xbz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:33 db4k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a nation 0 Here the metonym “a nation” means the people from a nation. Alternate translation: “people from a nation”
28:33 hvh1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet you will always be oppressed and crushed 0 The words “oppressed” and “crushed” mean basically the same thing. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will always oppress and crush you” or “they will oppress you continually” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
28:35 e9zv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive from which you cannot be cured 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that no one will be able to cure”
28:36 k4cu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:37 dwn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet of horror, a proverb, and a byword, among all the peoples where Yahweh will lead you away 0 Here the words “proverb” and “byword” mean basically the same thing. This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “of horror. The people, in the places where Yahweh will send you, will make up proverbs and bywords about you” or “of horror. Yahweh will send you to peoples who will laugh at you and ridicule you”
28:38 lcl4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:40 ht5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues describing God’s curses if the people disobey him. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:40 fi15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit your olive trees will drop their fruit 0 You may need to make explicit that the fruit drops before it is ripe. Alternate translation: “your olive trees will drop their fruit before the fruit is ripe” or “the olives will fall off your olive trees before they are ripe”
28:42 if6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:43 cew2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun The foreigner who is 0 This does not mean a specific foreigner but refers to foreigners in general. Alternate translation: “The foreigners who are”
28:43 j1wi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom rise up above you higher and higher; you yourself will come down lower and lower 0 This idiom means foreigners will have more power, money, and honor than the Israelites.
28:44 ls98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun He will … to him 0 This does not mean a specific foreigner (verse 43) but refers to foreigners in general. Alternate translation: “They will … to them”
28:44 wu98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he will be the head, and you will be the tail 0 This means foreigners will have more power and authority than the Israelites. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 28:13](../28/13.md).
28:45 lv3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:45 l54e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor All these curses will come on you and will pursue and overtake you until you are destroyed 0 Moses describes the curses as a person who would attack them by surprise or chase and catch them. See how you translated something similar in [Deuteronomy 28:2](../28/02.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh will curse you like this in ways that will completely surprise you, and it will be as if he is chasing you and you cannot escape having him curse you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
28:45 sp9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the voice of Yahweh your God 0 Here the words “voice of Yahweh” are a metonym for what Yahweh said. Alternate translation: “to what Yahweh your God said”
28:45 tb8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet his commandments and his regulations 0 The words “commandments” and “regulations” are a doublet for “all that Yahweh has commanded you to do.”
28:47 epc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:47 qt75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet joyfulness and gladness of heart 0 Here “joyfulness” and “gladness of heart” mean the same thing. They emphasize that the people should have been very glad to worship Yahweh.
28:48 y9ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He will put a yoke of iron on your neck 0 This is a metaphor for Yahweh allowing the enemy to treat the Israelites cruelly and make them slaves.
28:49 b5tt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:49 yl1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet from far away, from the ends of the earth 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the enemy will come from a nation that is very far away from Israel.
28:49 j169 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom from the ends of the earth 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “from places that you know nothing about”
28:49 bjy5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like an eagle flies to its victim 0 This means the enemy will come suddenly and the Israelites will not be able to stop them.
28:50 hsb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a nation with a fierce face that does not respect the aged and does not show favor 0 The word “nation” is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “a nation whose people have fierce expressions, who do not respect the aged and do not show favor”
28:51 n115 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive until you are destroyed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until they destroy you” or “until they leave you with nothing”
28:52 e3i5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues describing the army that will attack the Israelites if they do not obey Yahweh. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:52 x2h9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche you in all your city gates 0 Here the phrase “city gates” represents a city. Alternate translation: “your cities”
28:53 vca7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the fruit of your own body, the flesh of your sons and of your daughters 0 Here “the flesh of your sons and of your daughters” explains the metaphor “the fruit of your own body.” The people will be so hungry after the enemy army surrounds their city that they will eat their own children. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
28:53 swr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the fruit of your own body 0 This speaks of children as if they were fruit that was produced by the bodies of their parents. Alternate translation: “your own children”
28:54 z4kd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:54 g9qb who is tender and very delicate among you—he 0 Alternate translation: “who is tender and very delicate among you—even he.” Moses is saying that not only those one would expect to eat their children, but even the last person one would expect to eat his own children will eat his children.
28:55 h7kb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche all your city gates 0 Here “city gates” represents the cities themselves. Alternate translation: “all your cities”
28:56 x19d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:56 ayv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you The tender and delicate woman among you … tenderness—she 0 Alternate translation: “The tender and delicate woman among you … tenderness—even she.” Moses is saying that not only those one would expect to eat their children, but even women of noble birth and normally very gentle, whom one would never expect to eat their children, will eat their children. The word “you” here is singular.
28:56 sw1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole who would not venture to put the bottom of her foot on the ground for delicateness and tenderness 0 Moses is exaggerating. He is emphasizing that this noble woman is so rich and lives in such luxury that she would not allow herself to get dirty.
28:56 u5mz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns for delicateness and tenderness 0 The abstract nouns “delicateness” and “tenderness” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “because she is so delicate and tender”
28:57 lnt8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche within your city gates 0 Here “city gates” represents the cities themselves. Alternate translation: “within your cities”
28:58 x9pf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:58 sw6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that are written 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that I have written”
28:58 uak2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy this glorious and fearful name, Yahweh your God 0 Here the metonym “name” refers to Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God who is glorious and awesome”
28:59 tu25 Yahweh will make your plagues terrible, and those of your descendants 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh will send terrible plagues on you and your descendants” or “Yahweh will make sure that you and your descendants suffer from terrible plagues”
28:60 l1p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:60 c4kp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom He will bring on you again all the diseases of Egypt 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “He will make sure that you again suffer from the diseases of Egypt”
28:60 qu7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom they will cling to you 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the diseases will not stop, and no one will be able to heal you of them”
28:61 ds4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole every sickness and plague that is not written 0 Here “every” is a generalization that means “many.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “even other sicknesses and plagues that I have not written” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
28:61 p5ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive until you are destroyed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until he has destroyed you”
28:62 l59v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you You will be left … you were like … you did not listen 0 Moses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so all instances of “you” are plural.
28:62 hu58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile you were like the stars of the heavens in number 0 This means that in the past there were many Israelites.
28:62 j7ul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the voice of Yahweh 0 Here the metonym “voice of Yahweh” refers to what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “to what Yahweh says”
28:63 mhe6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Yahweh once rejoiced over you … multiplying you … rejoice over you in making you perish and in destroying you. You will be plucked 0 Moses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so all instances of “you” are plural.
28:63 b3je Yahweh once rejoiced over you in doing you good, and in multiplying you 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh once enjoyed doing you good and causing you to become many”
28:63 eu1a he will rejoice over you in making you perish 0 Alternate translation: “he will enjoy making you die”
28:63 imz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You will be plucked off the land that you are going into to possess 0 Moses uses a metaphor to speak of the people as though they were fruit that Yahweh would take off a bush. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will remove you from the land which you are entering to possess” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
28:63 le25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you are going 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” is singular.
28:64 xuc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you scatter you … you will worship … you have not known … you nor your ancestors 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:64 l3nk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism from the one end of the earth to the other end of the earth 0 These two extremes together mean everywhere on earth. Alternate translation: “throughout the earth” or “all over the earth”
28:65 j125 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:65 g15k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche there will be no rest for the bottoms of your feet 0 Here the phrase “the bottoms of your feet” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “you will have to continually wander because you have no permanent home where you can rest”
28:65 n83i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Yahweh will give you there a trembling heart, failing eyes, and a soul that mourns 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause you to be afraid, without hope, and sad”
28:66 ckv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Your life will hang in doubt before you 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “You will not know whether you will live or die”
28:67 bik8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
28:67 wac6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom because of the fear in your hearts 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “because of the fear you are feeling”
28:67 u1ew rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the things your eyes will have to see 0 Here “eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “the terrifying things I will force you to see” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
28:68 et6c I had said 0 Here “I” refers to Yahweh.
29:intro if6j 0 # Deuteronomy 29 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is a retelling of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses, along with its blessings and cursing. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
29:1 nsu8 These are the words that Yahweh commanded Moses to tell 0 This refers to words that Moses is about to speak.
29:1 b8p6 in the land of Moab 0 This is on the east side of the Jordan where the Israelites were staying before they entered the land of Canaan. “while they were in the land of Moab”
29:1 b7xy words that were added to the covenant … at Horeb 0 These additional commands were given to make Yahweh’s covenant apply better to the people once they were settled in their new land. These new commands did not belong to a different covenant, but rather were additions to the original covenant.
29:2 ya5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche You have seen everything that Yahweh did before your eyes 0 Yahweh expected them to remember what Yahweh had done and they had seen it. Here the “eyes” represent the whole person and emphasize what the person has seen. Alternate translation: “You have seen all that Yahweh did so that you would see and remember what he did”
29:2 y1s6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you your eyes 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “your” here is singular.
29:3 al38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the great sufferings that your eyes saw 0 Here “eyes” emphasizes that Yahweh expected them to remember that they had seen it. Alternate translation: “you saw for yourselves that the people suffered terribly”
29:3 tl81 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet the signs, and those great wonders 0 The words “signs” and “wonders” both refer to the plagues that Yahweh had sent upon Egypt. Alternate translation: “and all of the powerful things that Yahweh did”
29:4 mh61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Yahweh has not given you a heart to know, eyes to see, or ears to hear 0 The people do have hearts, eyes, and ears. This metonym says that Yahweh has not enabled them to understand from what they saw and heard who Yahweh is, and how and why they should obey him.
29:4 u59c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom given you a heart to know 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “enabled you to understand”
29:5 rbp5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty years 0 Alternate translation: “40 years”
29:5 g59z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you your sandals … your feet 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “your” here is singular.
29:7 i2yh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive came out against us 0 Here “us” refers to Moses and the people of Israel.
29:9 ze3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism keep the words of this covenant and do them 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the people were to obey Yahweh’s commands. Alternate translation: “obey all the words of this covenant”
29:11 b36y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you among you in your camp … your wood … your water 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
29:11 vw3v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the foreigner who is among you in your camp, from him who cuts your wood to him who draws 0 There were many foreigners among the Israelites. Alternate translation: “the foreigners who are among you in your camp, from those who cut your wood to those who get your water”
29:12 p568 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
29:12 yb79 to enter into the covenant of Yahweh your God and into the oath that Yahweh your God is making with you today 0 Alternate translation: “to agree to the covenant and to swear that you will obey all that Yahweh your God commands”
29:13 nv7p a people for himself 0 Alternate translation: “a people group that belongs to him alone”
29:14 p3sa I am making 0 Here “I” refers to Yahweh. “Yahweh is making”
29:15 sv23 standing here with us 0 Here “us” refers to Moses and the people of Israel.
29:15 n738 those who are not here 0 Alternate translation: “our future descendants, who are not here”
29:16 ef56 we lived 0 Alternate translation: “we were slaves”
29:18 tf4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche whose heart is turning away today from Yahweh our God 0 Here “heart” refers to the whole person, and “turning away” means to stop obeying. Alternate translation: “who no longer obeys Yahweh our God”
29:18 yq9n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor any root that produces gall and wormwood 0 Moses speaks of someone who secretly worships another God as if he were a root, and the evil deeds he does to serve that god, and which he encourages others to do, as a bitter plant that poisons people. Alternate translation: “any person who worships idols and causes others to disobey Yahweh”
29:19 ydt9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom bless himself in his heart 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “congratulate himself” or “encourage himself”
29:19 l8ar rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom though I walk in the stubbornness of my heart 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “even though I still refuse to obey Yahweh”
29:19 rq4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor This would destroy the wet together with the dry 0 Here the words “wet” and “dry” are metaphors for the righteous people and the wicked people. This forms a merism for “everyone.” Alternate translation: “This would cause Yahweh to destroy both the righteous people and the wicked people in the land” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
29:19 qq8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj wet … dry 0 These nominal adjectives can be translated as nouns. Because the land was usually dry and the people needed rain so their crops would grow, these words are metaphors for “living … dead” or “good … bad.” Alternate translation: “wet things … dry things” or “good people … bad people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
29:20 zp3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the anger of Yahweh and his jealousy will smolder 0 Just as a fire can grow in intensity, so can God’s anger and Jealousy grow in intensity. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s jealous anger will grow like a fire”
29:20 ud3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys the anger of Yahweh and his jealousy 0 Here the word “jealousy” describes “the anger of Yahweh.” Alternate translation: Yahweh’s jealous anger”
29:20 c39z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that are written 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that I have written”
29:20 v4lv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the curses that are written in this book will come on him 0 Moses describes the curses as a person who would attack them by surprise. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 28:15](../28/15.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh will curse him with the curses written in this book in ways that will completely surprise him” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
29:20 h57e Yahweh will blot out his name from under heaven 0 This means God will completely destroy the person and his family. In the future people will not remember him. A similar phrase appears in [Deuteronomy 7:24](../07/24.md).
29:22 j9qf The generation to come, your children who will rise up after you 0 The words “your children … after you” tell who “the generation to come” is.
29:23 n8yz when they see that the whole land has become sulfur and burning salt 0 People put sulfur and salt on the soil to keep anything from growing. “when they see that Yahweh has burned the land with sulfur and salt”
29:23 g15s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive where nothing is sown or bears fruit 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “where no one can sow seed and the crops do not bear fruit”
29:23 bw2x like the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **overthrow**, you can express the same idea with a clause. Alternate translation: “as when Yahweh completely destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah”
29:23 j85x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Admah and Zeboyim 0 These are names of cities that Yahweh destroyed along with Sodom and Gomorrah.
29:24 j5xg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations they will say together with all the other nations … mean? 0 This can be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “they will ask with all the other nations why Yahweh has done this to the land, and what the heat of this great anger means.”
29:24 z3lu they will say together with all the other nations 0 Alternate translation: “your descendants and the people of all the other nations will say”
29:24 v7xx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys What does the heat of this great anger mean? 0 The writer is communicating one idea through two words. Alternate translation: “What does this terrible anger mean?”
29:25 j9gr It is because they abandoned the covenant of Yahweh, the God of their ancestors 0 This is the answer to “Why has Yahweh done this to this land?” ([Deuteronomy 29:24](../29/24.md)). “Yahweh has done this to the land because the Israelites did not follow the promises and the laws of his covenant”
29:26 p4qx served other gods and bowed down to them 0 Alternate translation: “obeyed other gods and worshiped them”
29:27 p8ms rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the anger of Yahweh has been kindled against this land 0 Moses compares Yahweh being angry to someone starting a fire. This emphasizes God’s power to destroy whatever makes him angry, and it can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has became very angry with this land” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
29:27 p9t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy this land, so as to bring on it 0 Here “land” is a metonym representing the people. Alternate translation: “the people of this land, so as to bring on them”
29:27 wp7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that are written 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that I have written”
29:28 q4kt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh has uprooted them from their land … and has thrown them 0 Israel is compared to a bad plant that Yahweh has pulled up and thrown out of a garden. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has removed them from their land … and has forced them to go”
29:28 jz72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet in anger, in wrath, and in great fury 0 The words “anger” and “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the great intensity of Yahweh’s anger. Alternate translation: “in extremely great anger” or “because he was extremely angry”
29:29 d1e5 The secret matters belong alone to Yahweh our God 0 Alternate translation: “Some things Yahweh our God has not revealed, and only he knows them”
29:29 v7va rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that are revealed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that he has revealed”
29:29 ui8w we may do all the words of this law 0 Alternate translation: “we may do everything that this law commands us to do”
30:intro yx9f 0 # Deuteronomy 30 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nMoses begins to give final instructions to Israel before his death in anticipation of their entrance into the Promised Land. There were warnings and blessings associated with the people’s obedience to the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
30:1 rkk4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
30:1 pfr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom When all these things have come on you 0 Here “these things” refer to the blessings and curses described in chapters 28–29. The phrase “have come on you” is an idiom that means to happen. Alternate translation: “When all these things happen to you”
30:1 k5mi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor that I have set before you 0 This speaks of the blessings and curses that Moses told the people as if they were objects that he set in front of them. Alternate translation: “that I have just now told you about”
30:1 rtn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom call them to mind 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember them”
30:2 edl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy obey his voice 0 Here “voice” is referring to what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “obey what he says”
30:2 s239 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with all your heart and with all your soul 0 Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
30:3 m7q5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns reverse your captivity 0 Alternate translation: “free you from your captivity.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **captivity**, you can express the same idea with a verbal clause. Alternate translation: “free you from those who had captured you”
30:4 icb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
30:4 g129 If any of your exiled people are in the farthest places 0 Alternate translation: “Even those of your exiled people who are in the farthest places”
30:4 w6nm under the heavens 0 Alternate translation: “under the sky” or “on the earth”
30:6 iv7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
30:6 dul8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor circumcise your heart 0 This is not a literal removal of flesh. It means God will remove their sin and enable them to love and obey him.
30:6 d25z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with all your heart and with all your soul 0 Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
30:7 n367 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will put all these curses on your enemies 0 Moses speaks of curses as though they were a load or a cover that someone could physically put on top of a person. Alternate translation: “will cause your enemies to suffer from these curses”
30:8 fpp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy obey the voice of Yahweh 0 Here “voice” means what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “obey what Yahweh says”
30:9 k3dd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
30:9 ws1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the work of your hand 0 Here “hand” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “in all the work you do”
30:9 r217 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom in the fruit of your body … in the fruit of your cattle … in the fruit of your ground 0 These three phrases are idioms for “in children … in calves … in crops.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 28:4](../28/04.md).
30:10 w16u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that are written 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that I have written”
30:10 vv69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with all your heart and all your soul 0 Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
30:11 lxg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
30:11 wls8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor neither is it too far for you to reach 0 Moses speaks of being able to understand what a commandment requires a person to do as if it were that person being able to reach a physical object. Alternate translation: “neither is it too difficult for you to understand what Yahweh requires you to do”
30:12 lu7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who will go up for us to heaven and bring it down to us and make us able to hear it, so that we may do it? 0 Here Moses uses a rhetorical question to emphasize that the people of Israel think that Yahweh’s commands are too difficult for them to know. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Someone must travel to heaven to learn God’s commands and then return to tell us what they are so we can obey them.”
30:13 nd92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
30:13 fw31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who will go over the sea for us and bring it to us and make us to hear it, so that we may do it? 0 This rhetorical question continues the idea that the people of Israel think Yahweh’s commands are too difficult to know. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Someone must travel across the sea to learn God’s commands and then return and tell us what they are.”
30:14 p17g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in your mouth and your heart 0 This means that the people already know God’s commands and can tell them to others.
30:15 m7gm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
30:15 d23f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have placed before you 0 Putting something where another person can see it is a metaphor for telling someone about something. Alternate translation: “I have told you about”
30:15 bn6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit life and good, death and evil 0 You can make clear the implicit information. Alternate translation: “what is good and will cause you to live, and what is evil and will cause you to die”
30:17 ej9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
30:17 a2vl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche if your heart turns away … but instead are drawn away and bow down to other gods and worship them 0 Here “heart” refers to the whole person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if you stop being loyal to God … and the people living in the land convince you to bow down and worship other gods” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
30:18 sr3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you to you today that you … you will not prolong your days 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as a group.
30:18 ee9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor prolong your days 0 Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time”
30:19 t3ji rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
30:19 gap6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I call heaven and earth to witness 0 This could mean: (1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says, or (2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
30:20 x4gp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet For he is your life and the length of your days 0 These phrases have the same meaning and are metonyms for Yahweh, emphasizing that he is the one who gives life and determines the length of people’s lifetimes. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the only one who can enable you to live a long life” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
30:20 qi8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis swore to your ancestors 0 The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “swore that he would give to your ancestors”
31:intro pki9 0 # Deuteronomy 31 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Final instructions\n\nIn the Ancient Near East, it was common for an important leader to give instructions for his people to follow after his death. In this chapter, Moses begins his final words to the people of Israel. These are words that he wants them to remember long after he is gone. This section also helped to make a smooth transition to Joshua’s leadership.
31:2 mb3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers one hundred twenty years old 0 Alternate translation: “120 years old”
31:2 bvw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism I can no more go out and come in 0 Here the extremes “go out” and “come in” used together mean that Moses can no longer do what a healthy person can do. Alternate translation: “I am no longer able to go everywhere that you need to go, so I cannot be your leader any longer”
31:3 ep95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you your God … before you … before you … you will dispossess … before you 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
31:3 cll7 you will dispossess them 0 Alternate translation: “you will take their land”
31:3 p8q6 Joshua, he will go over before you, as Yahweh has spoken 0 Alternate translation: “Joshua will lead you across the river, as Yahweh promised”
31:4 b8wj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche he did to Sihon and to Og, the kings of the Amorites 0 Here “Sihon” and “Og” refer to two Kings of the Amorites and their armies. See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “he did to Sihon and Og, the kings of the Amorites, and to their armies”
31:6 i5mi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Yahweh your God … with you … fail you nor forsake you 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
31:6 b7b9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes he will not fail you nor forsake you 0 This can be treated as litotes and translated positively. Alternate translation: “he will always fulfill his promise to you and will always be with you”
31:7 s174 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
31:7 r36v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in the sight of all Israel 0 This means that all of the people of Israel were present. Alternate translation: “in the presence of all the Israelites”
31:7 ht4a Be strong and of good courage 0 Alternate translation: “Be strong and courageous.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 31:5](../31/05.md).
31:7 t7sv you will cause them to inherit it 0 Alternate translation: “you will help them take the land”
31:9 a6vj gave it out to the priests, the sons of Levi 0 Alternate translation: “gave it out to the Levites, who are the priests”
31:10 sy4p fixed for the cancellation of debts 0 Alternate translation: “for canceling debts”
31:10 d2me Festival of Shelters 0 Other names for this festival are “Feast of Tabernacles,” “Festival of Booths,” and “Feast of the Ingathering.” During harvest, farmers would set up temporary shelters in the field. This festival took place after the last harvest of the year. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 16:13](../16/13.md).
31:11 pt7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Yahweh your God … you will read 0 - Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
31:12 rtx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche your foreigner who is within your city gates 0 Here “city gates” represents the cities themselves. Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the instances of “your” here are singular. Alternate translation: “your foreigners who live in your cities” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
31:16 m76m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism you will sleep with your fathers 0 This is a polite way to say “you will die.” Alternate translation: “you will die and join your ancestors who have died before you”
31:16 d9q3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will rise up and act like a prostitute 0 Being a prostitute is a metaphor for worshiping gods other than Yahweh. Alternate translation: “will start to be unfaithful to me”
31:17 l9kj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my anger will be kindled against them 0 Yahweh compares his anger to someone starting a fire. This emphasizes God’s power to destroy whatever makes him angry. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will kindle my anger against them” or “I will become angry with them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
31:17 zg57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will hide my face from them 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will not help them”
31:17 zr99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they will be devoured 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will devour them” or “I will allow their enemies to devour them”
31:17 sz2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor devoured 0 This is a metaphor for “completely destroyed.”
31:17 qw7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Many disasters and troubles will find them 0 This describes the disasters and troubles as if they were human. Alternate translation: “They will experience many disasters and troubles”
31:17 l3ge rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Have these disasters not come upon us … midst? 0 This describes the disasters and troubles as if they were human. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “These disasters are destroying me … midst.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
31:20 i9lu a land flowing with milk and honey 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md).
31:21 z4dq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification When many evils and troubles come upon this people 0 Here evils and troubles are described as if they were human and could find people. Alternate translation: “When this people experiences many evils and troubles”
31:21 x1jh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification this song will testify before them as a witness 0 This speaks of the song as if it were a human witness testifying in court against Israel.
31:21 tb8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it will not be forgotten from the mouths of their descendants 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “their descendants will not forget to keep it in their mouths”
31:21 s5je rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it will not be forgotten from the mouths of their descendants 0 This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “their descendants will remember to keep it in their mouths”
31:21 fly7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it will not be forgotten from the mouths of their descendants 0 The idiom “forget it from the mouth” means to stop speaking about it. Alternate translation: “their descendants will not stop speaking about it to each other”
31:21 th4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the plans that they are forming 0 What people plan to do is spoken of as if it were a physical object. Alternate translation: “what they plan to do”
31:21 y4kp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the land that I promised 0 God’s promise of the land was to give it to the people of Israel. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the land that I promised I would give to them”
31:23 g5sl Be strong and of good courage 0 Alternate translation: “Be strong and courageous.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 31:5](../31/05.md).
31:27 dc8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you your rebellion and your stiff neck 0 Moses speaks to the Levites as if they were one man, so the word “your” is singular.
31:27 yin7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion how much more after my death? 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes how rebellious the people were. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will be even more rebellious after I die.”
31:28 ge9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche so that I may speak these words in their ears 0 Here “in their ears” means the people themselves. Alternate translation: “so that I may speak the words of this song to them”
31:28 rbf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy call heaven and earth to witness against them 0 This could mean: (1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or (2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. A similar phrase appears in [Deuteronomy 30:19](../30/19.md). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
31:29 h4je you will utterly corrupt yourselves 0 Alternate translation: “you will do what is completely wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md).
31:29 w6b1 turn aside out of the path that I have commanded you 0 Alternate translation: “stop following the instructions I have given to you.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 9:12](../09/12.md).
31:29 yvi1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what is evil in the sight of Yahweh 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what is evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil”
31:29 i596 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche through the work of your hands 0 Here “your hands” means the people themselves. Alternate translation: “because of what you have made”
31:30 upf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Moses recited in the ears of all the assembly of Israel 0 Here “ears” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “Moses recited to all the people of Israel”
31:30 wx6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis the words of this song 0 You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “the words of the song that Yahweh taught him”
32:intro pup6 0 # Deuteronomy 32 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 32:1–43.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Punishment\n\nThis chapter prophesies a time when Israel will be disobedient to Yahweh and he will have to punish them. This is meant to serve as a warning to the nation. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
32:1 bfi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel.
32:1 hf89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe Give ear, you heavens … Let the earth listen 0 Yahweh speaks to the heavens and earth as if they are there listening. This could mean: (1) Yahweh is speaking to the inhabitants of heaven and earth or (2) Yahweh is speaking to the heavens and earth as if they are persons.
32:2 zk7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Let my teaching drop down like the rain … and like the showers on the plants 0 This means Yahweh wants the people to eagerly accept his helpful teaching.
32:4 xcv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The Rock 0 This a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people.
32:4 xtg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor all his paths are just 0 Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Alternate translation: “he does everything in a just way”
32:4 j65c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet He is just and upright 0 These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh is fair and does what is right.
32:5 ehu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying.
32:5 exs2 acted corruptly against him 0 Alternate translation: “opposed him by doing what is wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md).
32:5 k81b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet a perverted and crooked generation 0 The words “perverted” and “crooked” mean basically the same thing. Moses uses them to emphasize how wicked the generation is. Alternate translation: “a completely wicked generation”
32:6 tfw7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you reward Yahweh in this way … people? 0 Moses uses a question to scold the people. Alternate translation: “You should give Yahweh proper praise … people.”
32:6 bwz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet you foolish and senseless people 0 The words “foolish” and “senseless” mean the same thing and emphasize how foolish the people are for disobeying Yahweh. Alternate translation: “you extremely foolish people”
32:6 m2g1 your father … has created you … made you and established you 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
32:6 aeq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is he not your father, the one who has created you? 0 Moses uses a question to scold the people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is your father and the one who created you.”
32:7 ki4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Call to mind … think about … your father … show you … your elders … tell you 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
32:7 a5hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Call to mind 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Remember”
32:7 ksl4 days of ancient times 0 Alternate translation: “days of long ago.” Moses refers to the time period when the ancestors of the people of Israel were alive.
32:7 aba7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism think about the years of many ages past 0 This is a repetition of what Moses just said in the previous portion. Moses wants the people of Israel to focus on their history as a nation.
32:8 q59u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom gave the nations their inheritance 0 This is an idiom. “put the nations in the places where they would live.” Similar words, “giving to you as an inheritance,” appear in [Deuteronomy 4:21](../04/21.md).
32:8 vz2i he set the boundaries of the peoples, as he also fixed the number of their gods 0 God assigned each people group, together with its gods, to its own territory. In this way, he limited the influence of a people group’s idols.
32:9 zcj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. As he speaks to the Israelites, he talks about them as if they were someone else and as if they were one man.
32:9 j71r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism For Yahweh’s portion is his people; Jacob is his apportioned inheritance 0 These two phrases means basically the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Jacob are Yahweh’s inheritance”
32:10 b2tx He found him … shielded him and cared for him … guarded him 0 You may need to translate this as if Moses were talking about the Israelites as many people. Alternate translation: “He found our ancestors … shielded them and cared for them … guarded them”
32:10 q44y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he guarded him as the apple of his eye 0 This is an idiom. The apple of an eye refers to the dark part inside the eyeball that allows a person to see. This is a very important and sensitive part of the body. This means that the people of Israel are very important to God and something he protects. Alternate translation: “he protected him as something very valuable and precious” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
32:11 x9dv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel.
32:11 up27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile As an eagle that guards her nest and flutters over her young, Yahweh spread out his wings and took them, and carried them on his pinions 0 This means Yahweh watched over and protected the Israelites while they were in the desert.
32:12 wp5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns led him … with him 0 Moses again speaks of the Israelites as “Jacob” ([Deuteronomy 32:9](./09.md)). You may need to translate as if Moses were speaking of the Israelites as many people. Alternate translation: “led them … with them”
32:13 kx8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel.
32:13 sq4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom He made him ride on high places of the land 0 This is an idiom. The word “him” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made them ride on high places of the land” or “Yahweh helped them take and occupy the land”
32:13 jg4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns made him ride … fed him … nourished him 0 Moses continues to speak of the Israelites as “Jacob” ([Deuteronomy 32:9](./09.md)). You may need to translate this as though Moses were speaking of the Israelites as many people. Alternate translation: “made our ancestors ride … fed them … nourished them”
32:13 t4p5 he fed him the fruits of the field 0 Alternate translation: “he brought him to a land with plenty of crops he could eat”
32:13 wlf5 he nourished him with honey from the rock, and oil from the flinty crag 0 The land had many wild bees, which produce honey, with hives inside rock holes. There were also many olive trees, which provide oil, and grow on rocks, hills, and mountains.
32:13 yp29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor nourished him with honey 0 This is like a mother giving her breast to an infant. “allowed him to suck honey”
32:14 dg9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” here is singular. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
32:14 dt4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns He ate 0 Moses continues to speak of the Israelites as “Jacob” ([Deuteronomy 32:9](./09.md)). You may need to translate as though Moses were speaking of the Israelites as many people. Alternate translation: “Our ancestors ate”
32:15 g93y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues speaking his poetic song to the people of Israel.
32:15 i1m2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jeshurun 0 Moses speaks of the Israelites as if they were a well-fed animal whose owner named it Jeshurun. You may add a footnote that says, “The name ‘Jeshurun’ means ‘upright one.’” If your language cannot speak of the Israelites as Jeshurun, you may refer to the Israelites as many people, as the UST does.
32:15 ly6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the Rock of his salvation 0 This means Yahweh is strong like a rock and able to protect his people.
32:15 dy92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the Rock 0 This a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:4](../32/04.md).
32:17 m59h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you your fathers 0 Moses is speaking to the Israelites as many people, so the word “your” is plural.
32:18 ch18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you You have deserted … your father … you forgot … gave you 0 Moses is speaking to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular.
32:18 mpu7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You have deserted the Rock 0 Here Yahweh is called the rock because he is strong and protective. Alternate translation: “You have left the protective care of Yahweh”
32:18 ul7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the Rock 0 This a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:4](../32/04.md).
32:18 y9b3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who became your father … who gave you birth 0 This compares Yahweh to a father and a mother. This means God caused them to live and to be a nation. Alternate translation: “who fathered you … who gave life to you”
32:19 yfx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel.
32:19 eca4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his sons and his daughters 0 This refers to the people of Israel whom Yahweh gave life to and made into a nation.
32:20 jv62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will hide my face from them 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will turn away from them” or “I will stop helping them”
32:21 pb9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words.
32:21 qj69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit worthless things 0 You may need to make explicit what the “things” are. Alternate translation: “worthless idols”
32:22 wb8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words.
32:22 i1bl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For a fire is kindled by my anger … foundations of the mountains 0 Yahweh compares his anger to a fire. This emphasizes his power to destroy what makes him angry.
32:22 nll8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a fire is kindled by my anger and is burning … it is devouring … it is setting 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I start a fire because I am angry, and it burns … it is devouring … it is setting” or “when I am angry, I destroy my enemies like a fire, and I destroy everything on earth and in … I devour … I set”
32:23 g9k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words.
32:23 p1xb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will heap disasters on them 0 Yahweh speaks of bad things that would happen to the Israelites as if they were something like dirt that he could pile up on top of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I will make sure that many bad things happen to them”
32:23 ys8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will shoot all my arrows at them 0 Here Yahweh compares the bad things he will make sure happen to the Israelites to someone shooting arrows from a bow. Alternate translation: “I will do all I can do to kill them”
32:24 vr46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive They will be wasted by hunger 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hunger**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “be hungry..” Alternate translation: “They will grow weak and die because they are hungry” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
32:24 sj74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive They will … hunger and devoured by burning heat and bitter destruction 0 Here, **burning heat** could mean: (1) the Israelites will suffer from fevers or (2) the weather will be unusually hot during a drought or famine. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They will … hunger, and burning heat and terrible disasters will devour them” or “They will … hunger, and they will die from burning heat and terrible disasters”
32:24 l8d2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I will send on them the teeth of wild animals, with the poison of things that crawl in the dust 0 The teeth and the poison are synecdoches for the animals that use these things to kill. Alternate translation: “I will send wild animals to bite them, and things that crawl in the dust to bite and poison them”
32:25 ci4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words.
32:25 fy8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Outside the sword will bereave 0 Here “sword” represents the army of the enemy. Alternate translation: “When the Israelites are outside, the enemy army will kill them”
32:25 kgf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification terror will do so 0 Yahweh speaks of being afraid as if it were a person who comes into a house and kills those who live in it. Alternate translation: “you will die because you are afraid”
32:25 mhn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism young man and virgin, the nursing baby, and the man of gray hairs 0 These terms describing people of different ages are combined to mean that all kinds of people will die.
32:26 p3ic rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations I said that I would … away, that I would … mankind. 0 This can be translated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “I said, ‘I will … away, and I will … mankind.’”
32:27 b351 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words.
32:27 vz7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the provocation of the enemy 0 This abstract noun can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “that the enemy would provoke me” or “that the enemy would cause me to be angry”
32:27 lw79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns the enemy 0 Yahweh speaks of his enemies as if they are one man. Alternate translation: “my enemy” or “my enemies”
32:27 sbq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Our hand is exalted 0 Here “hand” represents the strength or power of a person. To be exalted is an idiom for defeating an enemy. Alternate translation: “We have defeated them because we are more powerful” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
32:28 uqg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words.
32:29 p62h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo Oh, that they were wise, that they understood this, that they would consider their coming fate 0 Moses states something that he wishes were true, but he knows that they are not wise and do not understand that their disobedience will cause Yahweh to bring this disaster on them.
32:29 c7cm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns their coming fate 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fate**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what is going to happen to them”
32:30 u5ex rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words and tell them more of what they would have understood if they were wise ([Deuteronomy 32:29](../32/29.md)).
32:30 qr7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How could one chase a thousand … Yahweh had given them up? 0 Moses uses a question to scold the people for not being wise enough to understand why their enemies are defeating them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement as in the UST.
32:30 vu9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers How could one chase a thousand, and two put ten thousand to flight 0 You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “How could 1 enemy soldier chase 1,000 of your men, and 2 enemy soldiers cause 10,000 of your men to run away” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
32:30 v82y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor unless their Rock had sold them 0 The word “Rock” refers to Yahweh who is strong and able to protect his people. Alternate translation: “unless Yahweh, their Rock, had handed them over”
32:30 tv28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor their Rock 0 Alternate translation: “The Rock” here is a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. Translate “Rock” as in [Deuteronomy 32:4](../32/04.md).
32:31 d2ny rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor our Rock 0 Alternate translation: “The Rock” here is a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. Translate “Rock” as in [Deuteronomy 32:4](../32/04.md).
32:32 a5z3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words.
32:32 tch7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For their vine comes from the vine of Sodom … clusters are bitter 0 Moses compares enemies who worship false gods to the wicked people who lived in Sodom and Gomorrah and to grapevines that produce poisonous fruit. This means their enemies are wicked and will cause the Israelites to die if the Israelites start to act like the people who live around them.
32:32 l3du rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor their vine comes from the vine of Sodom, and from the fields of Gomorrah 0 The vine is a metaphor for the people group. “it is as if their vine were a branch of the vines that grew in the fields of Sodom and Gomorrah” or Alternate translation: “they do evil the same way the people who lived in Sodom and Gomorrah did”
32:33 y87k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words.
32:33 zwn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Their wine is the poison of serpents and the cruel venom of asps 0 Moses continues comparing the enemies of the people of Israel to grapevines that produce poisonous fruit and wine. This means their enemies are wicked.
32:34 eti9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is not this plan secretly kept by me, sealed up among my treasures? 0 This question emphasizes that Yahweh’s plans for the people of Israel are kept secret like a valuable treasure. The rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I know what I have planned to do to the Israelite people and to their enemies, and I have locked up those plans as someone would lock up his valuable possessions.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
32:35 wr4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. This is the end of Moses’s quotation of Yahweh’s words that begins in [Deuteronomy 32:20](../32/20.md).
32:35 sg4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet Vengeance is mine to give, and recompense 0 The words “vengeance” and “recompense” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “I will have vengeance and punish Israel’s enemies”
32:35 jvl7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the things that are to come on them will hurry to happen 0 Yahweh speaks of the bad things that will happen to his enemies as if the bad things were people running eagerly to punish them. Alternate translation: “I will punish them quickly”
32:36 h6tb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak a poetic song to the people of Israel.
32:36 z7w2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns For Yahweh will give justice to his people 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you can express the same idea with an adjective or as an adverb. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh will do what is just for his people” or “For Yahweh will act justly towards his people”
32:37 y7ls rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel.
32:38 en77 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion The gods who ate the fat of their sacrifices and drank the wine of their drink offerings? 0 Here Yahweh mocks the people of Israel for offering sacrifices to other gods. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “The gods to whom the Israelites offered meat and wine have not come to help them.”
32:38 vtv4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony Let them rise up and help you; let them be your protection 0 Yahweh says this to mock the Israelites. He knows these gods cannot help them. Alternate translation: “These idols are not even able to get up and help or to protect you”
32:39 rkh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel.
32:39 kii3 I, even I 0 Alternate translation: “I, I myself” or “I, I alone.” Yahweh repeats “I” to emphasize that only he is God.
32:40 wwk7 I lift up my hand to heaven and say 0 Alternate translation: “I lift up my hand to heaven and swear” or “I have taken an oath.” Lifting up the hand is a sign of making an oath.
32:40 la6k As I live forever 0 Alternate translation: “As certainly as I live forever” or “I swear by my life which is never-ending.” This statement assures the people that what God says in [Deuteronomy 32:41](../32/41.md)-[Deuteronomy 32:42](./42.md) will happen.
32:41 zb2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel.
32:41 x382 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy When I sharpen my glittering sword 0 Alternate translation: “When I sharpen my shining sword.” This means God is preparing to judge and punish his enemies. Alternate translation: “When I am ready to judge my enemies”
32:41 yfw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche when my hand begins to bring justice 0 Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “when I get ready to judge the wicked”
32:42 p1fx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel.
32:42 mma7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will make my arrows drunk with blood, and my sword will devour flesh with the blood 0 Yahweh speaks of arrows as if they were people to whom he could give alcohol and make them drunk, and of a sword as if it were a person who was so hungry that he would eat an animal before draining the blood out. These metaphors are metonyms for a soldier using arrows and a sword to kill many enemies. This in turn is a metaphor for Yahweh killing his enemies in war. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
32:43 mm3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nThis is the end of Moses’ song.
32:43 hzi1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Rejoice, you nations 0 Moses addresses the peoples of all the nations as if they were there listening. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
32:43 h5mv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for he will avenge the blood of his servants; he will render vengeance on his enemies 0 Here “blood of his servants” represents the lives of his innocent servants who were killed. Alternate translation: “for he will take revenge on his enemies, who killed his servants”
32:44 zdk4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche in the ears of the people 0 Here “ears” represents the people themselves and emphasizes that Moses wanted to make sure they heard the song clearly. Alternate translation: “to the people so they would be sure to hear it”
32:46 iw4n I have witnessed to you 0 This could mean: (1) “I have testified to you,” referring to what Yahweh has said he will do to the Israelites if they disobey, or (2) “I have commanded you,” referring to what Yahweh was commanding them to do.
32:46 a9uh your children 0 Alternate translation: “your children and descendants”
32:47 v8tt this is 0 Alternate translation: “this law is”
32:47 wd7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes no trivial matter 0 This litotes can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “something very important”
32:47 i8bs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy because it is your life 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **life**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “live..” You may need to make explicit the metonymy of obeying the law, which represents the law itself. Alternate translation: “because you will live if you obey it”
32:47 a2bz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor prolong your days 0 Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time”
32:49 i56s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names mountains of Abarim 0 This is the name of a mountain range in Moab.
32:50 w499 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism be gathered to your people 0 This is a polite way of saying Moses’ spirit would join the spirits of his relatives in the world of the dead. Alternate translation: “join your ancestors who died before you”
32:50 gnq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mount Hor 0 This is the name of a mountain on the border of Edom.
32:51 mwq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Meribah 0 This is the name of the place in the desert where Moses disobeyed God.
32:51 fv5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names wilderness of Zin 0 This is the name of a wilderness on the southern border of Judah.
33:intro y2l8 0 # Deuteronomy 33 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic lines of Moses’ blessings in 33:1–29.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Families\n\nMoses gives a series of prophecies or instructions for each of the tribes of Israel and Israel overall. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
33:1 p6db rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses begins to bless the tribes of Israel. Moses speaks the blessing in the form of short poems.
33:2 b26n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh came from Sinai and rose from Seir upon them. He shined out from Mount Paran 0 Moses compares Yahweh to the rising sun. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh came from Sinai, he looked to them like the sun when it rises from Seir and shines out from Mount Paran”
33:2 v2fc In his right hand were flashes of lightning 0 Other This could mean: (1) “In his right hand were flames of fire” or (2) “He gave them a law of fire” or (3) “He came from the south, down his mountain slopes.”
33:3 dj5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses are difficult to understand. Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). Moses speaks the blessing in the form of short poems.
33:3 uuu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns all his holy ones are in your hand … your feet … your words 0 The pronouns “his” and “your” refer to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “all Yahweh’s holy ones are in his hand … his feet … his words”
33:3 sx8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all his holy ones are in your hand 0 The hand is a metonym for power and protection. Alternate translation: “you protect all his holy people”
33:5 eer4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nVerse 5 is difficult to understand. Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). The blessings are short poems.
33:7 e9mj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). The blessings are short poems.
33:7 hxx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the voice of Judah 0 Here “voice of Judah” refers to the cries and prayers of the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “when the people of Judah pray to you”
33:7 v8f7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns be a help 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **help**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “help him to fight”
33:8 hq6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). The blessings are short poems.
33:8 f539 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Your Thummim and your Urim 0 These were sacred stones the high priest carried on his breastplate and used at times to determine God’s will. Here “your” refers to Yahweh. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
33:8 d4cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your faithful one, the one whom you tested … with whom you struggled 0 Moses refers to the tribe of Levi as if it were one man.
33:8 p5zx your faithful one 0 Alternate translation: “the one who seeks to please you.”
33:8 l4zu Massah 0 See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:16](../06/16.md). Translator may add a footnote that says: “The name ‘Massah’ means ‘testing.’”
33:8 vr2z Meribah 0 See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:51](../32/51.md). Translator may add a footnote that says: “The name ‘Meribah’ means ‘argue’ or ‘quarrel.’”
33:9 a55p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). The blessings are short poems. He continues describing the tribe of Levi, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:8](./08.md).
33:9 mi7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet guarded … kept 0 These words both mean to watch over and to protect. They are often metaphors for “obeyed,” but here they should be translated literally because they refer to a time when the Levites literally killed people who were rebelling against Yahweh. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
33:10 n6nd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Levi, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:8](../33/08.md).
33:11 y1nd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues describing the tribe of Levi, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:8](../33/08.md).
33:11 g9hx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the work of his hands 0 Here the word “hands” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “all the work that he does”
33:11 qcv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Shatter the loins of 0 The loins were considered the center of strength, and are here represent strength. Alternate translation: “Take away the strength of” or “Utterly destroy”
33:11 m34s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rise up … rise up 0 This phrase is used twice as a metaphor. Alternate translation: “rise up to fight … cause any more trouble”
33:11 d2c2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom rise up against 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “fight against”
33:12 c4ca rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems.
33:12 wbv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The one loved by Yahweh lives 0 Here Moses is referring to the members of the tribe of Benjamin. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The ones whom Yahweh loves live”
33:12 rf48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns lives in security 0 The abstact noun “security” can be translated using a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “lives where no one can harm him”
33:12 t7re he lives between Yahweh’s arms 0 This could mean: (1) Yahweh protects the tribe of Benjamin with his power or (2) Yahweh lives in the hill region of the tribe of Benjamin. In both translations, it means Yahweh takes care of them.
33:13 bn1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems.
33:13 vty3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy May his land be blessed by Yahweh 0 The word “his” refers to Joseph which represents the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh bless their land” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
33:13 y87w with the precious things of heaven, with the dew 0 Alternate translation: “with the precious dew from the sky” or “with the precious rain from the sky”
33:13 rzk5 dew 0 water that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:2](../32/02.md).
33:13 xy69 the deep that lies beneath 0 This refers to the water under the ground.
33:14 tz8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Joseph, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:13](../33/13.md).
33:14 xt79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive May his land be blessed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 33:13](../33/13.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh bless his land”
33:15 y6md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit finest things … precious things 0 Moses is probably referring to food crops. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “the best fruits … the precious fruits”
33:16 rm3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Joseph, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:13](../33/13.md).
33:16 t49i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive May his land be blessed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 33:13](../33/13.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh bless his land”
33:16 sq7u its abundance 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **abundance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what it produces in large amounts”
33:16 z8v1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit him who was in the bush 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who spoke to Moses from the burning bush”
33:16 s176 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Let the blessing come on the head of Joseph 0 This metaphor is of a man putting his hand on the head of a son and asking God to bless the son. The man here is Yahweh. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh bless Joseph as a father blesses his son”
33:16 yvh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche come on the head of Joseph, and on the top of the head of him 0 Here “head” and “top of the head” represent the whole person. Also, Joseph represents his descendants. Alternate translation: “be upon the descendants of Joseph” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
33:17 dw4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Joseph, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:13](../33/13.md).
33:17 h7um rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The firstborn of an ox, majestic is he 0 The ox is a metaphor for something large and strong. The word “firstborn” is a metaphor for honor. Alternate translation: “People will honor Joseph’s descendants, who are many and powerful”
33:17 emy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his horns are the horns of 0 The horn is a metaphor for strength. Alternate translation: “he is as strong as”
33:17 s54w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor With them he will push 0 Pushing with his horns is a metaphor for strength. Alternate translation: “He is so strong that he will push”
33:17 nv6i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers ten thousands of Ephraim … the thousands of Manasseh 0 This means the tribe of Ephraim will be stronger than the tribe of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the people of Ephraim, who number many times 10,000 … the people of Manasseh, who number many times 1,000”
33:18 g9eh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to bless each tribe of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He speaks to the tribes of Zebulun and Issachar as if they were one man, so the word “your” and the command “rejoice” here are singular. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
33:18 m1l6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Rejoice, Zebulun, in your going out, and you, Issachar, in your tents 0 The people of Zebulun were located near the Mediterranean Sea. They traveled by sea and traded with other people. The people of Issachar preferred peaceful living and working the land and raising cattle. You can make clear the understood information.
33:19 bwp6 There will they offer 0 Alternate translation: “It is there that they will offer”
33:19 h5jn sacrifices of righteousness 0 Alternate translation: “acceptable sacrifices” or “proper sacrifices”
33:19 ime2 For they will suck the abundance of the seas, and from the sand on the seashore 0 This could mean: (1) they will trade with people across the sea or (2) they were beginning to use sand in making pottery.
33:19 cl5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For they will suck the abundance of the seas 0 The Hebrew word translated “suck” here refers to how a baby nurses at its mother’s breast. It means the people will gain wealth from the sea like a baby gets milk from its mother.
33:20 r21i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems.
33:20 sb7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Blessed be he who enlarges Gad 0 This can stated in active form. Alternate translation: This could mean: (1) “May Yahweh bless Gad and give him much land to live in” or (2) “People should say that Yahweh is good because he has given Gad much land to live in”
33:20 qa5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile He will live there like a lioness, and he will tear off an arm or a head 0 This means the people of Gad are strong and secure, and they will defeat their enemies in war.
33:21 ypm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Gad as one man, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:20](../33/20.md).
33:21 nad9 the leader’s portion 0 This means a larger piece of land that a leader normally took.
33:21 nfg7 He came with the heads of the people 0 Alternate translation: “They met with all the leaders of the Israelites”
33:21 nt25 He carried out the justice of Yahweh and his decrees with Israel 0 Alternate translation: “They obeyed all that Yahweh had commanded the Israelites”
33:22 r6bu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems.
33:22 rjp5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Dan is a lion cub that leaps out from Bashan 0 The people of Dan are strong like a lion cub, and they attack their enemies who live in Bashan. You can make clear the understood information. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
33:23 xsb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He speaks of the descendants of Naphtali as if they were one man.
33:23 j9cl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor satisfied with favor 0 Yahweh being pleased with Naphtali is spoken of as if “favor” were food that Naphtali ate until he was no longer hungry. Alternate translation: “who has all the good things he desires because Yahweh is pleased with him”
33:23 xhj4 full of the blessing of Yahweh 0 Blessings are spoken of as if they were food that Naphtali ate until he could hold no more. Alternate translation: “whom Yahweh has blessed so that he has all he needs”
33:23 av3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you take possession 0 Moses speaks as if the tribe of Naphtali is one man, so these words are singular.
33:23 q4kc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the land to the west and south 0 This refers to the land around Lake Galilee. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit.
33:24 b3kp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems.
33:24 frq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit dip his foot in olive oil 0 Olive oil was used for food and for the skin of the face and arms. Feet were dirty, so to put the foot in olive oil was to ruin valuable oil. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “have so much olive oil that he can afford to waste it”
33:25 ht1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you your city bars … your days … your security 0 Moses speaks to the tribe of Asher as if they are one man, so all instances of “your” are singular.
33:25 eim5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit May your city bars be iron and bronze 0 Cities had large bars across their gates to keep enemies out. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “May you be safe from attacks by your enemies”
33:26 wxb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rides through the heavens … on the clouds 0 This is an image of Yahweh riding on clouds through the sky like a king on his chariot riding through a battlefield. Alternate translation: “rides through the heavens like a king rides through a battlefield … on the clouds like a king on his chariot”
33:26 l9qh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you to your help 0 Alternate translation: “to help you.” Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” here is singular.
33:27 if2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns The eternal God is a refuge 0 Here, **refuge** refers to a shelter or a place safe from danger. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **refuge**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The eternal God will protect his people”
33:27 bk5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor underneath are the everlasting arms 0 The words “everlasting arms” are a metaphor for Yahweh’s promise to protect his people forever. Alternate translation: “he will support and take care of his people forever”
33:27 hrf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture He thrust out … he said 0 Moses speaks of the future as if it were the past to emphasize that what he is saying will come true. AT “He will thrust out … he will say”
33:27 zfz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you before you … Destroy 0 Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” and the command “destroy” here are singular.
33:27 an79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations he said, “Destroy!” 0 If this direct quotation would not work well in your language, you may change it to an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “he will tell you to destroy them!”
33:28 c8xi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture Israel dwelt … Jacob’s spring was secure 0 This could mean: (1) Moses speaks of the future as if it were the past to emphasize that what he is saying will come true, “Israel will dwell … Jacob’s spring will be secure” or (2) Moses is blessing Israel, “May Israel dwell … and may Jacob’s spring be secure.”
33:28 cp65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Jacob’s spring 0 This could mean: (1) Jacob’s home or (2) Jacob’s descendants.
33:28 ze3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor let his heavens drop dew 0 The dew is spoken of as being so much that it is as if it were raining. This could mean: (1) Moses is blessing Israel, “may much dew cover the land like rain” or (2) Moses is telling what will happen in the future, “much dew will cover the land like rain.”
33:29 hn5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
33:29 q9sn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who is like you, a people saved by Yahweh … majesty? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “There is no other people group like you, a people whom Yahweh has saved … majesty.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
33:29 n3du rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism the shield … the sword 0 This merism speaks of Yahweh defending the Israelites from their enemies and enabling them to attack their enemies.
33:29 tm9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the shield of your help 0 The word “shield” is a metaphor for Yahweh protecting and defending the Israelites. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **help**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the one who protects you and helps you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
33:29 cur3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the sword of your majesty 0 The word “sword” is a metaphor for the power to kill with the sword in order to win battles. Alternate translation: “the one who enables you to win battles and so have majesty”
33:29 ly3l you will trample down their high places 0 This could mean: (1) the Israelites will destroy the places where the other people worship false gods or (2) the Israelites will walk on the backs of their enemies when the Israelites defeat them.
34:intro kh67 0 # Deuteronomy 34 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter may have been written by Joshua, since it recorded Moses’ death. This chapter officially ends the revelation of the law of Moses, and life in the Promised Land is about to begin again. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
34:1 ayb8 Mount Nebo 0 This is the highest point of Mount Pisgah which is in the northern part of the Abarim mountain range. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:49](../32/49.md).
34:1 r9wl Pisgah 0 See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:17](../03/17.md).
34:9 g774 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Joshua … was full of the spirit of wisdom 0 The writer speaks as if Joshua were a container and the spirit were a physical object that could be put into a container. Alternate translation: “Yahweh enabled Joshua … to be very wise”
34:9 yd83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Moses had laid his hands on him 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Moses had laid his hands on him to set Joshua apart so Joshua would serve Yahweh”
34:10 t1l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Yahweh knew face to face 0 This is an idiom. It means Yahweh and Moses had a very close relationship.
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