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Update 'translate/figs-sentences/01.md' 

Further define "predicate," correct examples.
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Perry J Oakes 2023-05-18 16:57:49 +00:00
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### Description
The simplest sentence structure in English includes a **subject** and an **action** word:
The simplest sentence structure in English includes a **subject** and an **action** word (a verb):
* The boy ran.
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The **subject** is who or what the sentence is about. In these examples, the subject is bolded:
* **The boy** is running.
* **He** is running.
* **John** ran.
* **The boy** ran.
* **He** ran.
Subjects are typically noun phrases or pronouns. (See [Parts of Speach](../figs-partsofspeech/01.md).) In the examples above, “the boy” is a noun phrase that has the noun “boy,” and “he” is a pronoun.
Subjects are typically noun phrases or pronouns. (See [Parts of Speach](../figs-partsofspeech/01.md).) In the examples above, “the boy” is a noun phrase that contains the noun “boy,” and “he” is a pronoun.
When the sentence is a command, in many languages it does not have a subject pronoun. People understand that the subject is “you.”
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#### Predicate
The predicate is the part of a sentence that tells something about the subject. It usually has a verb. (See [Verbs](../figs-verbs/01.md).) In the sentences below, the subjects are “the man” and “he.” The predicates are in bold.
In English, we refer to the part of the sentence that is not the subject as the predicate. This is the part of the sentence that tells something about the subject. In English, it contains a verb and usually also an object. (See [Verbs](../figs-verbs/01.md).) (In some languages, the predicate refers only to the object and does not contain a verb.) In the sentences below, the subjects are “the man” and “he.” The predicates are in bold.
* The man is **strong**.
* He worked **hard**.
* He made **a garden**.
* The man **is strong**.
* He **worked hard**.
* He **made a garden**.
#### Compound Sentences
A sentence can be made up of more than one sentence. Each of the two lines below has a subject and a predicate and is a full sentence.
A sentence can be made up of more than one sentence. Each of the two lines below has a subject and a predicate (containing a verb and an object) and is a full sentence.
* He planted the yams.
* His wife planted the maize.
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#### Clauses
Sentences can also have clauses and other phrases. Clauses are like sentences because they have a subject and a predicate, but they do not normally occur by themselves. Here are some examples of clauses. The subjects are in bold, and the predicates are bolded.
Sentences can also have clauses and other phrases. Clauses are like sentences because they have a subject and a predicate, but usually they cannot occur by themselves. Here are some examples of clauses. They cannot occur by themselves because they each start with a word that makes them **dependent** on another sentence. The words that turn the following sentences into **dependent clauses** are in bold.
* when **the maize** **was ready**
* after **she** **picked it**
* because **it** **tasted so good**
* **when** the maize was ready
* **after** she picked it
* **because** it tasted so good
Sentences can have many clauses, and so they can become long and complex. But each sentence has to have at least one **independent clause**, that is, a clause that can be a sentence all by itself. The other clauses that cannot be sentences by themselves are called the **dependent clauses**. Dependent clauses depend on the independent clause to complete their meaning. The dependent clauses are bolded in the sentences below.
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#### Relative Clauses
In some languages, clauses can be used with a noun that is part of a sentence. These are called **relative clauses**.
In some languages, clauses can be used to say something about a noun that is part of a sentence. These are called **relative clauses** because they relate only to the noun that is only a part of the sentence.
In the sentence below, “the corn that was ready” is part of the predicate of the whole sentence. The relative clause “that was ready” is used with the noun “corn” to tell which corn she picked.
In the sentence below, “the maize that was ready” is the object of the sentence. The relative clause “that was ready” relates to the noun “maize” to tell more about it, that is, which maize she picked.
* His wife picked **the maize** **that was ready**.
* His wife picked the maize **that was ready**.
In the sentence below “her mother, who was very annoyed” is part of the predicate of the whole sentence. The relative clause “who was very annoyed” is used with the noun “mother” to tell how her mother felt when she did not get any maize.
In the sentence below, the relative clause “who picked the maize” is part of the subject, and tells more about “the woman.” The relative clause “who was very annoyed” is part of the (indirect) object, and relates to the noun “mother” to tell how her mother felt when she did not get any maize.
* She did not give any maize to **her mother**, **who was very annoyed**.
* The woman **who picked the maize** did not give any of the maize to her mother, **who was very annoyed**.
#### Translation Issues