From 7dc229fdd7f508266b0ceb8685bf5daa083d5136 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Perry J Oakes Date: Tue, 3 Oct 2023 17:05:13 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add example to figs-distinguish --- translate/figs-distinguish/01.md | 28 ++++++++++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/translate/figs-distinguish/01.md b/translate/figs-distinguish/01.md index 0ef2bc9a..afc24803 100644 --- a/translate/figs-distinguish/01.md +++ b/translate/figs-distinguish/01.md @@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ In some languages, phrases that modify a noun can be used with the noun for two different purposes. They can either (1) distinguish the noun from other similar items, or (2) they can give more information about the noun. That information could be new to the reader, or a reminder about something the reader might already know. Other languages use modifying phrases with a noun only for distinguishing the noun from other similar things. When people who speak these languages hear a modifying phrase along with a noun, they assume that its function is to distinguish one item from another similar item. -Some languages use a comma to mark the difference between (1) making a distinction between similar items and (2) giving more information about an item. Without the comma, the sentence below communicates that it is making a distinction: +When the phrase that modifies a noun is a relative clause (a phrase that starts with a word such as “who” or“which”), some languages use a comma to mark the difference between (1) making a distinction between similar items and (2) giving more information about an item. Without the comma, the sentence below communicates that the added phrase is making a distinction: * Mary gave some of the food to **her sister who was very thankful**. * If her sister was usually thankful, the phrase “who was thankful” could distinguish this sister of Mary’s from another sister who was not usually thankful. -With the comma, the sentence is giving more information: +With the comma, the phrase is giving more information: * Mary gave some of the food to **her sister, who was very thankful**. * This same phrase can be used to give us more information about Mary’s sister. It tells us about how Mary’s sister responded when Mary gave her the food. In this case it does not distinguish one sister from another sister. @@ -39,14 +39,22 @@ The phrase “who bore him” distinguishes which woman the son is bitterness to The word “righteous” simply reminds us that God’s judgments are righteous. It does not distinguish his righteous judgments from his unrighteous judgments, because all of his judgments are righteous. +> You must surely open your hand to your brother, **to your needy and to your poor** in your land. (Deuteronomy 15:11 ULT) + +The phrases “to your needy and to your poor” give further information about “your brother.” They do not refer to a separate group of people. + > How can Sarah, **who is 90 years old**, bear a son? (Genesis 17:17b ULT) -The phrase “who is 90 years old” is the reason that Abraham did not think that Sarah could bear a son. He was not distinguishing one woman named Sarah from another woman named Sarah who was a different age, and he was not telling anyone something new about her age. He simply did not think that a woman who was that old could bear a child. +The phrase “who is 90 years old” is a reminder of Sarah’s age. It tells why Abraham was asking the question. He did not expect that a woman who was that old could bear a child. He was not distinguishing one woman named Sarah from another woman named Sarah who was a different age. > I will wipe away mankind **whom I have created** from the surface of the earth. (Genesis 6:7 ULT) The phrase “whom I have created” is a reminder of the relationship between God and mankind. It is the reason God had the right to wipe away mankind. There is not another mankind that God did not create. +> I hate those who serve **worthless** idols (Psalm 31:6 ULT) + +By saying “worthless idols,” David was commenting about all idols and giving his reason for hating those who serve them. He was not distinguishing worthless idols from valuable idols. + ### Translation Strategies If readers would understand the purpose of a phrase with a noun, then consider keeping the phrase and the noun together. For languages that use words or phrases with a noun only to distinguish one item from another, here are some strategies for translating phrases that are used to inform or remind. @@ -60,8 +68,6 @@ If readers would understand the purpose of a phrase with a noun, then consider k > I hate those who serve **worthless** idols (Psalm 31:6 ULT) -By saying “worthless idols,” David was commenting about all idols and giving his reason for hating those who serve them. He was not distinguishing worthless idols from valuable idols. -> > > **Because** **idols are worthless**, I hate those who serve them. > > … for your **righteous** judgments are good. (Psalm 119:39b ULT) @@ -69,15 +75,13 @@ By saying “worthless idols,” David was commenting about all idols and giving > > … for your judgments are good **because they are righteous**. > > Can Sarah, **who is 90 years old**, bear a son? (Genesis 17:17b ULT) - -The phrase “who is 90 years old” is a reminder of Sarah’s age. It tells why Abraham was asking the question. He did not expect that a woman who was that old could bear a child. > > > Can Sarah bear a son **even when** **she is 90 years old**? > -> I will call on Yahweh, **who is worthy to be praised**. (2 Samuel 22:4a ULT) There is only one Yahweh. The phrase “who is worthy to be praised” gives a reason for calling on Yahweh. -> -> > I will call on Yahweh, because **he is worthy to be praised** +> > You must surely open your hand to your brother, **to your needy and to your poor** in your land. (Deuteronomy 15:11 ULT) +> > You must surely open your hand to any of **your needy and poor brothers** in your land. +> (2) Use one of your language’s ways for expressing that this is just added information. > You are my Son, **whom I love**. I am pleased with you. (Luke 3:22 ULT) @@ -85,3 +89,7 @@ The phrase “who is 90 years old” is a reminder of Sarah’s age. It tells wh > > You are my Son. **I love you** and I am pleased with you. > > **Receiving my love**, you are my Son. I am pleased with you. + +> You must surely open your hand to your brother, **to your needy and to your poor** in your land. (Deuteronomy 15:11 ULT) + +> > You must surely open your hand to your brother **who is needy and poor** in your land.