RJH_fix_systematic_issues (#438)

Merge branch 'master' into RJH_fix_systematic_issues

Fix more mismatched quotes; remove empty first lines

Fix unbalanced quote marks

Merge branch 'master' into RJH_fix_systematic_issues

Fix small errors, mostly non-matching quotes

Co-authored-by: Robert Hunt <Freely.Given.org@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ta/pulls/438

checking/acceptable/01.md

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 ### Translation in an Acceptable Style
 
 As you read the new translation, ask yourself these questions. These are questions that will help determine whether or not the translation has been done in a style that is acceptable to the language community:

checking/accuracy-check/01.md

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 ### Checking the Translation for Accuracy by Pastors and Church Leaders
 
 It is very important to make sure that the new translation is accurate. A translation is accurate when it communicates the same meaning as the original. In other words, an accurate translation communicates the same message that the original writer intended to communicate. A translation can be accurate even though it uses more or fewer words or puts the ideas in a different order. Often this is necessary in order to make the original message clear in the target language.

checking/alphabet/01.md

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 ### The Alphabet for the Translation
 
 As you read the translation, ask yourself these questions about the way words are spelled. These questions will help to determine if an appropriate alphabet has been chosen to represent the sounds of the language. They will also help to determine if words have been written in a consistent way so that the translation will be easy to read.

checking/authority-process/01.md

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 ### Explanation
 
 #### Accountability

checking/church-leader-check/01.md

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 ### Accuracy Checking by Church Leaders
 
 After the translation has been checked by community members for clarity and naturalness, it will be checked by church leaders for accuracy. These are the guidelines for these church leaders who do the accuracy checking. They should be mother-tongue speakers of the target language and also understand well one of the languages in which the source text is available. They should not be the same people who did the translation. They should be church leaders who know the Bible well. Usually these reviewers will be pastors. These church leaders should represent as many of the different church networks in the language community as possible.

checking/clear/01.md

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 ### A Clear Translation
 
 A translation should be clear. That means that someone reading or hearing it can easily understand what it is trying to say. It is possible to see if a translation is clear by reading it to yourself. But it is even better if you read it out loud to someone else from the language community. As you read the translation, ask yourself (or the person that you are reading to) questions like those listed below to see if the translated message is clear. For this section of testing, do not compare the new translation with the source language translation. If there is a problem at any place, make a note of it so that you can discuss the problem with the translation team at a later time.

checking/community-evaluation/01.md

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 This page can be used as a checklist for the work of the Community Checkers. This page can be printed, filled in by the translation team and community leaders, and kept as a record of the process of checking that was done for this translation.
 
 

checking/complete/01.md

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 ### A Complete Translation
 
 The purpose of this section is to make sure that the translation is complete. In this section, the new translation must be compared to the source translation. As you (the translator or checker) compare the two translations, ask yourself these questions:

checking/formatting/01.md

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 There are checks that you can do before, during, and after translation of a book of the Bible that will make the translation process go much easier so that the translation will look good and be as easy to read as possible. The modules on these topics are gathered here under Formatting and Publishing, but they are things that the translation team should be thinking about and deciding throughout the translation process.
 
 ### Before Translating

checking/goal-checking/01.md

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 ### Why Check?
 
 The goal of checking is to help the translation team produce a translation that is accurate, natural, clear, and accepted by the church. The translation team also wants to achieve this goal. This might seem easy, but it is actually very difficult to do, and achieving it takes many people and many, many revisions to the translation. For this reason, the checkers play a very important role in helping the translation team to produce a translation that is accurate, natural, clear, and accepted by the church.

checking/good/01.md

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 ### Documentation for Affirmation of Accuracy and Community Evaluation
 
 We, as church leaders in our language community, affirm the following:

checking/headings/01.md

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 ### Decisions about Section Headings
 
 One of the decisions that the translation team will have to make is whether or not to use section headings. Section headings are like titles to each section of the Bible that begins a new topic. The section heading lets people know what that section is about. Some Bible translations use them, and others do not. You (the translator) may want to follow the practice of the Bible in the national language that most people use. You will also want to find out what the language community prefers.

checking/important-term-check/01.md

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 ### How to do a translationWord check in translationCore®
 
 1. Sign in to translationCore®

checking/intro-check/01.md

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 ### Translation Checking Manual
 
 This manual describes how to check Bible translations in Other Languages (OLs) for accuracy, clarity, and naturalness. (For the process to check Gateway Languages (GLs), see the [Gateway Language Manual](https://gl-manual.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)). This Translation Checking Manual also discusses the importance of obtaining approval for the translation and the translation process from the church leaders of the language area.

checking/intro-checking/01.md

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 ### Translation Checking
 
 #### Introduction

checking/language-community-check/01.md

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 ### Language Community Check
 
 After the translation team has completed the steps of drafting and checking as a team and performed the checks in translationCore, the translation is ready to be checked by the target language community. The community will help the translation team to make the translation communicate its message clearly and naturally in the target language. To do this, the translation committee will choose people to be trained in the process of community checking. These could be the same people who have been doing the translating.

checking/level3-approval/01.md

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 ### Quality Checker Evaluation
 
 I, as a Quality Checker for the * <u>fill in name of church network or other organization</u> * Church Network or Organization serving the * <u>fill in the name of the language community</u> * language community, affirm that I have checked the translation of * <u>fill in name of the part of the Bible checked</u> * with members of the Translation Team, and also affirm the following:

checking/level3-questions/01.md

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 ### Questions for Quality Checkers or Church Network Delegates
 
 If the Church Network leadership or Translation Committee has given you the task of checking the accuracy of the translation in the role of a Quality Checker (QC), you can use these questions to guide your evaluation of the translation.

checking/natural/01.md

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 ### A Natural Translation
 
 To translate the Bible so that it is natural means that the translation should sound like it was written by a member of the target language community. The translation should not sound like it was written by a foreigner. The translation should say things in the way that speakers of the target language say them. When a translation is natural, it is much easier to understand.

checking/other-methods/01.md

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 ### Other Checking Methods
 
 As well as asking questions, there are other checking methods that you may also use to ensure that the translation is [clear](../clear/01.md), easy to read, and sounds [natural](../natural/01.md) to the listeners. Here are some other methods that you may like to try:

checking/peer-check/01.md

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 ### How to do an Oral Partner Check
 
 At this point, you (the translator) should have already gone through the steps of drafting at least one chapter of your translation, following the guidelines in the module called [First Draft](../../translate/first-draft/01.md). Now you are ready for others to help you to check it, to find any errors or problems, and to make it better. You (or your translation team) should check your translation before you translate very many stories or chapters of the Bible, so that you can correct mistakes as early as possible in the translation process. Many of the steps in this process will need to be done several times before the translation is finished. To do an Oral Partner Check, follow these steps.

checking/punctuation/01.md

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 “Punctuation” refers to the marks that indicate how a sentence is to be read or understood. Examples include the indicators of pauses such as the comma or period and the quotation marks that surround the exact words of a speaker. In order for the reader to be able to read and understand the translation correctly, it is important that you (the translator) use punctuation consistently.
 
 Before translating, the translation team will need to decide on the methods of punctuation that you will use in the translation. It may be easiest to adopt the method of punctuation that the national language uses, or that a national language Bible or related language Bible uses. Once the team decides on a method, make sure that everyone follows it. It may be helpful to distribute a guide sheet to each of the team members with examples on it of the correct use of different punctuation marks.

checking/self-assessment/01.md

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 ### Self-assessment of Translation Quality
 
 The objective of this module is to describe a process by which the Church can reliably determine for themselves the quality of a translation. This assessment is intended to suggest some of the most important techniques for checking a translation. It does not describe every conceivable check that could be employed. Ultimately, the Church must make the decisions regarding what checks are used, when they are done, and who does those checks.

checking/spelling/01.md

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 In order for the reader to be able to read and understand the translation easily, it is important that you (the translator) spell words consistently. This can be difficult if there is not a tradition of writing or spelling in the target language. When there are several people working on different parts of a translation, they may spell the same words differently from each other. For that reason, it is important for the translation team to meet together before they start translating to talk about how they plan to spell words.
 
 As a team, discuss the words that are difficult to spell. If the words have sounds in them that are difficult to represent, then you may need to make a change in the writing system that you are using (see [Alphabet/Orthography](../../translate/translate-alphabet/01.md)). If the sounds in the words can be represented in different ways, then the team will need to agree on how to spell them. Make a list of the agreed-upon spellings of these words in alphabetical order. Make sure that each member of the team has a copy of this list so that they can consult it when translating. Add other difficult words to the list as you come across them, and make sure that these are added to everyone’s list with the same spelling. It may be helpful to use a spreadsheet to maintain your spelling list. This can be easily updated and shared electronically, or printed out periodically.

checking/verses/01.md

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 It is important that your target language translation include all of the verses that are in the source language Bible. You do not want some verses to be missing by mistake. But remember that there can be good reasons why some Bibles have certain verses that other Bibles do not have.
 
 ### Reasons for Missing Verses

checking/vol2-backtranslation-guidelines/01.md

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 ### 1. Show the Target Language Usage for Words and Clauses
 
 For the purposes of this module, “target language” refers to the language into which the Bible draft was made, and “language of wider communication” refers to the language into which the back translation is being made.

checking/vol2-backtranslation-kinds/01.md

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 ### What kinds of back translations are there?
 
 #### Oral

checking/vol2-backtranslation-purpose/01.md

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 ### Why is a back translation necessary?
 
 The purpose of a back translation is to allow a consultant or checker of biblical material who does not understand the target language to be able to see what is in the target language translation, even though he or she does not understand the target language. In this way, the checker can “look through” the back translation and check the target language translation without knowing the target language. Therefore, the language of the back translation needs to be a language that both the back translator (that is, the person doing the back translation) and the checker understand well. Often this means that the back translator will need to translate the target language text back into the same language of wider communication that was used for the source text.

checking/vol2-backtranslation-who/01.md

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 ### Who should do the back translation?
 
 To do a good back translation, the person must have three qualifications.

checking/vol2-backtranslation-written/01.md

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 There are two kinds of written back translations.
 
 ### Interlinear Back Translation

checking/vol2-backtranslation/01.md

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 ### What is a back translation?
 
 A back translation is a translation of the biblical text from the local target language (the OL) back into the language of wider communication (the GL). It is called a “back translation” because it is a translation in the opposite direction than what was done to create the local target language translation. The purpose of a back translation is to allow someone who does not speak the target language to know what the target language translation says.

checking/vol2-steps/01.md

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-
-
 ### Steps for Quality Checkers
 
 These are steps for the Quality Checkers or Church Network Delegates to follow when checking a translation for accuracy on behalf of a Church Network. These steps assume that the checker has direct access to the translator or translation team, and can ask questions face-to-face as the checker and the translation team review the translation together. If this is not possible, then the checker should write down the questions for the translation team to review. This could be done using the comment feature of translationCore (preferably), or in the margins of a printed translation draft, or even in a spreadsheet.

checking/vol2-things-to-check/01.md

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 ### Types of Things to Check
 
 These are things to check as you look at a passage of Scripture to check it for accuracy. Pastors who speak the target language can use these guidelines, as well as Quality Checkers who do not speak the target language.

intro/finding-answers/01.md

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 ### How to Get Answers
 
 There are several resources available for finding answers to questions:

intro/gl-strategy/01.md

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 **The official version of this document is found at http://ufw.io/gl/.**
 
 ### Explanation

intro/open-license/01.md

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 ### A License for Freedom
 
 To achieve our vision of **the church in every people group and the Bible in every language**, a license is needed that gives the global church “unrestricted” access. We believe this movement will become unstoppable when the Church has unrestricted access. The [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) provides all the needed rights for translation and distribution of biblical content and ensures that the content remains unrestricted. Except where otherwise noted, all our content is licensed CC BY-SA.

intro/statement-of-faith/01.md

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 **The official version of this document is found at http://ufw.io/faith.**
 
 The following statement of faith is in agreement with these historical creeds: [Apostles’ Creed](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_creeds/src/master/content/apostles.md), [Nicene Creed](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_creeds/src/master/content/nicene.md), and [Athanasian Creed](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_creeds/src/master/content/athanasian.md); and also the [Lausanne Covenant](http://www.lausanne.org/en/documents/lausanne-covenant.html).

intro/ta-intro/01.md

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 ### Welcome to unfoldingWord® Translation Academy
 
 unfoldingWord® Translation Academy is a collection of information and instruction on the topic of Bible translation. The primary users that we have in mind are church-based mother-tongue translators. It is written in simple language wherever possible and is intended to enable anyone, anywhere to equip themselves so that they will be able to make high-quality translations of biblical content into their own language.

intro/translate-why/01.md

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 The purpose of unfoldingWord® Translation Academy is to train you to become a Bible translator. Translating God’s Word into your language to help your people grow as disciples of Jesus is an important task. You must be committed to this task, take your responsibility seriously, and pray that the Lord will help you.
 
 God has spoken to us in the Bible. He inspired the writers of the Bible to write his Word using the Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek languages. There were about 40 different authors writing from around 1400 B.C. to A.D. 100. These documents were written in the Middle East, North Africa and Europe. By recording his Word in those languages, God ensured that the people at those times and in those places could understand it.

intro/translation-guidelines/01.md

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 **The official version of this document is found at http://ufw.io/guidelines/.**
 
 The following statement on the principles and procedures used in translation is subscribed to by unfoldingWord and its contributors. All translation activities are carried out according to these common guidelines.

intro/uw-intro/01.md

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 The vision of unfoldingWord is **the church in every people group and the Bible in every language**.
 
 Jesus commanded his disciples to make disciples of EVERY people group:

process/intro-publishing/01.md

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 ### Publishing Overview
 
 Once a work has been uploaded to Door43, it is automatically available online under your user account. This is referred to as self-publishing. You will have access to a web version of your project at http://door43.org/u/user_name/project_name (where user_name is your username and project_name is your translation project). Both translationStudio and translationCore will give you the correct link when you upload. You can also browse all works on http://door43.org.

process/intro-share/01.md

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 ### Distribution Overview
 
 Biblical content is worthless unless it is distributed and used. One advantage of using the Door43 translation and publishing platform is that it provides multiple, simple ways of distributing content. On Door43:

process/platforms/01.md

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 ### Recommended Platform
 
 The recommended platform for drafting Bible translations in the Door43 online community is translationStudio (http://ufw.io/ts/). The recommended platform for checking Bible translations is translationCore (http://ufw.io/tc/). You may set up translationStudio on Android, Windows, Mac, or Linux devices (see [Setting up translationStudio](../setup-ts/01.md) for more information). You may set up translationCore on Windows, Mac, or Linux devices. These platforms are free to download and use. They import and export Bible books in USFM format.

process/prechecking-training/01.md

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 ### Before Checking
 
 It is recommended that you consult the [Checking Manual](../../checking/intro-check/01.md) frequently as you check your translation. Before you start checking, we recommend that you start working your way through the Checking Manual until you understand what is required for each check. As you work through the checking process, you will need to consult the Checking Manual frequently.

process/pretranslation-training/01.md

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 ### What to Know Before Translation
 
 It is recommended that you consult the [Translation Manual](../../translate/translate-manual/01.md) frequently as you translate. Before you start translating, we recommend that you start working your way through the Translation Manual at least until you know the difference between a literal translation and a meaning-based translation. Much of the rest of the Translation Manual can be used as a “just-in-time” learning resource.

process/process-manual/01.md

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 ### Welcome
 
 Welcome to Bible translation! We are pleased that you desire to translate God’s message into the language of your people, whether this is through translaton of Bible stories or books of Scripture. This Process Manual is a step-by-step guide to help translation teams know what they need to do from the start of a project to its completion. This guide will help a translation team from the initial setup to the final publishing of translated and checked content.

process/setup-team/01.md

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 ### Choosing a Team
 
 As you begin selecting a translation and checking team, there are many different types of people and roles that are needed. There are also specific qualifications that are needed for each team.

process/setup-ts/01.md

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 ### Installing tS for Mobile
 
 The mobile (Android) edition of translationStudio is available from the [Google Play Store](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.translationstudio.androidapp ) or via direct download from http://ufw.io/ts/. If you install from the Play Store, then you will be notified by the Play Store when a new version is available. Note that you may also copy the installation file (apk) to other devices to share translationStudio with others without using the internet.

process/share-content/01.md

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 ### Sharing Content from tS and tC
 
 Sharing content that is in translationStudio is easy. For offine sharing, use the Backup feature from the tS menu. For online sharing, use the Upload feature from the tS menu. In translationCore, use the three-dot menu on the Projects page. For offline sharing, use either Export to USFM or Export to CSV. For online sharing, use Upload to Door43.

translate/biblicalimageryta/01.md

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-
-
 ### Description
 
 The term “biblical imagery” refers in a general way to any kind of language in which an image is paired with an idea such that the image represents the idea. This general definition is applied most directly to [metaphors](../figs-metaphor/01.md) but can also include [similes](../figs-simile/01.md), [metonymies](../figs-metonymy/01.md), and cultural models.

translate/choose-team/01.md

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 ### Importance of a Translation Team
 
 Translating the Bible is a very large and difficult task that may take many people to

translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md

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 Abstract nouns are nouns that refer to attitudes, qualities, events, or situations. These are things that cannot be seen or touched in a physical sense, such as happiness, weight, unity, friendship, health, and reason. This is a translation issue because some languages may express a certain idea with an abstract noun, while others would need a different way to express it.
 
 

translate/figs-declarative/01.md

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 ### Description
 
 Normally statements are used to give information. Sometimes they are used in the Bible for other functions.

translate/figs-doublenegatives/01.md

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 A double negative occurs when a clause has two words that each express the meaning of “not.” Double negatives mean very different things in different languages. To translate sentences that have double negatives accurately and clearly, you need to know what a double negative means in the Bible and how to express this idea in your language.
 
 ### Description

translate/figs-exmetaphor/01.md

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 An **extended metaphor** is an explicit metaphor that uses multiple images and multiple ideas at the same time. This is in contrast to a [simple metaphor](../figs-simetaphor/01.md), which uses only a single Image and a single Idea. The difference between an extended metaphor and a [complex metaphor](../figs-cometaphor/01.md) is that an extended metaphor is explicitly stated by a writer/speaker, but a complex metaphor is not.
 
 ### Explanation of an Extended Metaphor

translate/figs-extrainfo/01.md

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 ### Description
 
 Sometimes it is better not to state assumed knowledge or implicit information explicitly. This page gives some direction about when not to do this.

translate/figs-go/01.md

@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ If the word used in the ULT would be natural and give the right meaning in your
 
 (2) Use another word that expresses the right meaning.
 
-> When you have **come** to the land that Yahweh your God gives you, and when you take possession of it and begin to live in it… (Deuteronomy 17:14 ULT)
+> When you have **come** to the land that Yahweh your God gives you, and when you take possession of it and begin to live in it … (Deuteronomy 17:14 ULT)
-> > “When you have **arrived** in the land that Yahweh your God gives you, and when you take possession of it and begin to live in it…”
+> > “When you have **arrived** in the land that Yahweh your God gives you, and when you take possession of it and begin to live in it …”
 
-> Yahweh said to Noah, “**Come**, you and all your household, into the ark… (Genesis 7:1 ULT)
+> Yahweh said to Noah, “**Come**, you and all your household, into the ark …” (Genesis 7:1 ULT)
-> > Yahweh said to Noah, “**Enter**, you and all your household, into the ark…”
+> > Yahweh said to Noah, “**Enter**, you and all your household, into the ark …”
 
 > What did you go out into the desert to see? A reed shaken by the wind? (Luke 7:24b ULT)
 > > What did you travel out into the desert to see? A reed shaken by the wind?

translate/figs-idiom/01.md

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-
 An idiom is a figure of speech made up of a group of words that, as a whole, has a meaning that is different from what one would understand from the meanings of the individual words. Someone from outside of the culture usually cannot understand an idiom without someone inside the culture explaining its true meaning. Every language uses idioms. Some English examples are:
 
 * You are pulling my leg. (This means, “You are teasing me by telling me something that is not true.”)

translate/figs-imperative/01.md

@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ The purpose of Proverbs 22:6, below, is to teach what people can expect to happe
 > > “You are now clean.”
 > > “I now cleanse you.”
 >
-> God said, “**Let there be** light,” and there was light.” (Genesis 1:3 ULT)
+> God said, “**Let there be** light,” and there was light. (Genesis 1:3 ULT)
 >
-> > God said, “**There is now light** “ and there was light.”
+> > God said, “**There is now light**” and there was light.
 >
 > God blessed them and said to them, “**Be fruitful**, and **multiply**. **Fill** the earth, and **subdue** it. **Have dominion** over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the sky, and over every living thing that moves upon the earth.” (Genesis 1:28 ULT)
 >

translate/figs-irony/01.md

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 ### Description
 
 Irony is a figure of speech in which the sense that the speaker intends to communicate is actually the opposite of the literal meaning of the words. Sometimes a person does this by using someone else’s words, but in a way that communicates that he does not agree with them. People do this to emphasize how different something is from what it should be, or how someone else’s belief about something is wrong or foolish. It is often humorous.

translate/figs-metaphor/01.md

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-
 ### Description
 
 A metaphor is a figure of speech in which someone speaks of one thing as if it were a different thing because he wants people to think about how those two things are alike.
@@ -127,9 +126,9 @@ If people do not or would not understand it, here are some other strategies.
 
 (2) If the metaphor seems to be an active metaphor, you can translate it literally **if you think that the target language also uses this metaphor in the same way to mean the same thing as in the Bible**. If you do this, be sure to test it to make sure that the language community understands it correctly.
 
-> But Jesus said to them, “He wrote this commandment to you because of your **hardness of heart.** (Mark 10:5 ULT)
+> But Jesus said to them, “He wrote this commandment to you because of your **hardness of heart.**” (Mark 10:5 ULT)
 >
-> > It was because of your **hard hearts** that he wrote you this law,
+> > It was because of your **hard hearts** that he wrote you this law.
 
 We made no change to this one, but it must be tested to make sure that the target audience correctly understands this metaphor.
 

translate/figs-order/01.md

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 ### Description
 
 Most languages have a normal way of ordering the parts of a sentence. It is not the same in all languages. You (the translator) need to know what the normal word order is in your language.

translate/figs-parallelism/01.md

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 ### Description
 
 In parallelism, two phrases or clauses that are similar in structure or idea are used together. The following are some of the different kinds of parallelism.

translate/figs-partsofspeech/01.md

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 ### Description
 
 Parts of speech are categories of words. The different categories of words have different functions in a sentence. All languages have parts of speech, and all words in a language belong to a part of speech. Most languages have these basic parts of speech, with some variations, and some languages have more categories than this. This is not a completely universal list of parts of speech, but it covers the basic categories.

translate/figs-possession/01.md

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 ### Description
 
 In common English, possession refers to having something, or to something that a person has. In English, that grammatical relationship is shown by using the word **“**of**,”** by using an apostrophe and the letter “s”, or by using a possessive pronoun.

translate/figs-rquestion/01.md

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 A rhetorical question is a question that a speaker asks when he is more interested in expressing his attitude about something than in getting information about it. Speakers use rhetorical questions to express deep emotion or to encourage hearers to think deeply about something. The Bible contains many rhetorical questions, often to express surprise, to rebuke or scold the hearer, or to teach. Speakers of some languages use rhetorical questions for other purposes as well.
 
 ### Description

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 ### Description
 
 The simplest sentence structure in English includes a **subject** and an **action** word:

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 A **simple metaphor** is an explicit [metaphor](../figs-metaphor/01.md) that uses a single physical **Image** to refer to a single abstract **Idea**. This is in contrast to [extended metaphors](../figs-exmetaphor/01.md) and [complex metaphors](../figs-cometaphor/01.md), which can use multiple images and multiple ideas at the same time.
 
 ### Explanation of a Simple Metaphor

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 ### Description
 
 Parallelism with the same meaning is a poetic device in which one complex idea is expressed in two (or more) different ways. Speakers may do this in order to emphasize the idea that is the same in the two phrases. This is also called “synonymous parallelism.”

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 ### Description
 
 Verbs are words that refer to an action or event or that is used in describing or identifying things. An “action” is something you do. “Event” is more general than “action.” “Events” are things that happen, such as death. A linking verb (“is”) describes a condition of being.

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 ### Singular, Dual, and Plural
 
 Some languages have more than one word for “you” based on how many people the word “you” refers to. The **singular** form refers to one person, and the **plural** form refers to more than one person. Some languages also have a **dual** form which refers to two people, and some languages have other forms that refer to three or four people.

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 (You may also want to watch the video at http://ufw.io/figs_youform.)
 
 ### Description

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 ### The Technical Nature of Translation
 
 While a large part of translation has to do with language, words, and sentences, it is also true that a major aspect of translation is technical in nature. From creating alphabets, typing, typesetting, formatting, publishing, and distributing, there are many technical aspects to translation. In order to make all this possible, there are some standards that have been adopted.

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 ### How do I start?
 
 Follow these steps in order to get started:

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 ### Accurate Translations
 
 To create an **accurate** translation of the Bible means that the translation communicates the same message as the source. Here are some steps to follow:

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 ### Church-Approved Translations
 
 A good translation must be **clear** (see [Create Clear Translations](../guidelines-clear/01.md)), **natural** (see [Create Natural Translations](../guidelines-natural/01.md)), and **accurate** (see [Create Accurate Translations](../guidelines-accurate/01.md)). All three of these qualities directly affect the words and phrases that are used in the translation. If a translation lacks one of these three qualities, simply changing or reordering the words that were used can often fix the problem. The fourth quality, **church-approved**, has less to do with the words used and more to do with the process that is used.

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 ### Clear Translations
 
 A clear translation will use whatever language structures are needed to help readers easily read and understand it. This includes putting the text into a different form or arrangement and using as many or as few terms as necessary to communicate the original meaning as clearly as possible.

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 ### Faithful Translations
 
 To make a translation that is **faithful** to the Bible, you must avoid any political, denominational, ideological, social, cultural, or theological bias in your translation. Use key terms that are faithful to the vocabulary of the original biblical languages. Use equivalent common language terms for the biblical words that describe the relationship between God the Father and God the Son. These may be clarified, as needed, in footnotes or other supplemental resources.

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 (See the video “Translating the Scriptures – Culture” at http://ufw.io/trans_culture.)
 
  A historical translation communicates historical events and facts accurately. It provides additional information as needed to accurately communicate the intended message to people who do not share the context and culture of the original recipients of the original content.

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 ### Four Main Qualities
 
 There are four main qualities of a good translation. It must be:

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 ### God is one being, and he exists as the Holy Trinity, that is, as the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit
 
 #### The Bible teaches that there is only one God.

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 Door43 supports Bible translations that represent these concepts when they refer to God.
 
 ### Biblical Witness

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 ### Qualifications of the Translator or Translation Team
 
 The leaders of the church networks that will be involved in the translation should consider the following questions when choosing the people who will be members of the translation team. These questions will help the church and community leaders know if the people that they choose will be able to successfully translate the Bible or the Open Bible Stories.

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 ### Description
 
 An Alternate translation is a possible way to change the form of the ULT in case the target language either prefers or needs a different form. The Alternate translation should be used when the ULT form or content would give a wrong meaning, or would be unclear or unnatural.

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 #### Description
 
 Alternate meanings refer to situations where Bible scholars have different understandings of what a word or phrase means.

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 ### Description
 
 Sometimes a Note suggests a translation from the UST. In that case the text from the UST will be followed by “(UST).”

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 ### Description
 
 Sometimes, at the top of the list of Notes, there are Notes that start with “Connecting Statement” or “General Information.”

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 ### Description
 
 Sometimes you may not know what a word in the ULT means. The Notes may have a definition or a description of the word or phrase to help you understand what it means.

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 #### Description
 
 Sometimes you may not know what a word or phrase means in the ULT, and it may also be used in the UST. In this case, it will be explained in the Notes. These explanations are meant to help you understand the word or phrase. Do not translate the explanations into your Bible. Use them to help you understand the meaning so you can translate the Bible text correctly.

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 ### Description
 
 Figures of speech are ways of saying things that use words in non-literal ways. That is, the meaning of a figure of speech is not the same as the more direct meaning of its words. There are many different types of figures of speech.

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 ### Description
 
 There are two kinds of quotations: direct quotation and indirect quotation. When translating a quotation, translators need to decide whether to translate it as a direct quotation or an indirect quotation. (See [Direct and Indirect Quotations](../figs-quotations/01.md).)

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 There are two types of links in the translationNotes: links to an unfoldingWord® Translation Academy topic page and links for repeated words or phrases within the same book.
 
 ### unfoldingWord® Translation Academy Topics

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 ### Description
 
 Sometimes there are notes for a phrase and separate notes for portions of that phrase. In that case, the larger phrase is explained first, and its parts afterward.

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 ### Description
 
 Sometimes Bible scholars do not know for sure, or do not agree on, what a particular phrase or sentence in the Bible means. Some reasons for this include:

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 ### Description
 
 Some Notes provide a translation suggestion (“Alternate translation”) that can replace the word or phrase that they quote from the ULT. These replacements can fit into the sentence without changing the meaning of the sentence. These synonyms and equivalent phrases are enclosed in double-quotes. They mean the same as the text in the ULT. This kind of Note can help you to think of other ways to say the same thing in case the word or phrase in the ULT does not seem to have a natural equivalent in your language.

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 ### Translation Notes
 
 Translation Notes are words or phrases copied from the ULT and then explained. In English, every Note that explains the ULT starts the same. There is a bullet point, the ULT text is in bold followed by a dash, and then there are translation suggestions or information for the translator. The Notes follow this format:

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 ### unfoldingWord® Translation Words
 
 As a translator, it is your duty to do your best to make sure that each Bible passage you translate has the meaning that the writer of that Bible passage intended it to communicate. In order to do this, you will need to study translation helps prepared by Bible scholars, including the unfoldingWord® Translation Words resource.

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 ### A translator is like a hunter
 
 A translator is like a hunter. He must aim his weapon at an animal if he wants to hit it. He must know the kind of animal he is hunting because a hunter does not always use the same kind of weapon for every animal. For example, a hunter will use a very different kind of spear when hunting fish than when hunting a very large animal such as a tiger or an elephant.

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 ### Definitions
 
 These are definitions of words that we use to talk about how people make the sounds that form into words, and also definitions of words that refer to the parts of words.