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Publishing prep (#208)
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README.md
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README.md
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# unfoldingWord translationAcademy
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# unfoldingWord® Translation Academy
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## Description
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unfoldingWord translationAcademy is a modular handbook that provides a condensed explanation of Bible translation and checking principles that the global Church has implicitly affirmed define trustworthy translations. It enables translators to learn how to create trustworthy translations of the Bible in their own language.
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[unfoldingWord® Translation Academy](https://www.unfoldingword.org/uta) (UTA) is a modular handbook that provides a condensed explanation of Bible translation and checking principles that the global Church has implicitly affirmed define trustworthy translations. It enables translators to learn how to create trustworthy translations of the Bible in their own language.
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## Downloading
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If you want to download English translationAcademy to use, go here: [https://unfoldingword.bible/academy/](https://unfoldingword.bible/academy/). tA is also included in [tS](http://ufw.io/ts) and [tC](http://ufw.io/tc).
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If you want to download unfoldingWord® Translation Academy to use, go here: [https://www.unfoldingword.org/uta](https://www.unfoldingword.org/uta). UTA is also included in [tS](http://ufw.io/ts) and [tC](http://ufw.io/tc).
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## Improving tA
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## Improving UTA
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Please use the [issue queue](https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ta/issues) to provide feedback or suggestions for improvement.
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@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ If you want to make your suggested changes then you may use the online editor to
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## Structure
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tA is written in a simple Markdown format and organized according to the [Resource Container Manual](https://resource-container.readthedocs.io/en/latest/container_types.html#manual-man) type. See that link for more information but here is a quick summary.
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UTA is written in a simple Markdown format and organized according to the [Resource Container Manual](https://resource-container.readthedocs.io/en/latest/container_types.html#manual-man) type. See that link for more information but here is a quick summary.
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Each manual has its own directory in this repository (for example, the Checking Manual is in the [checking](https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ta/src/branch/master/checking) directory). Each module has its own directory inside of these manual directories. Inside each of these are three files:
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## GL Translators
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### tA Translation Philosophy
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### UTA Translation Philosophy
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To learn the philosophy of how to translate the tA please see the [Translate translationAcademy](http://gl-manual.readthedocs.io/en/latest/gl_translation.html#translating-translationacademy) article in the [Gateway Language Manual](http://gl-manual.readthedocs.io/).
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To learn the philosophy of how to translate the UTA please see the [Translate unfoldingWord® Translation Academy](http://gl-manual.readthedocs.io/en/latest/gl_translation.html#translating-translationacademy) article in the [Gateway Language Manual](http://gl-manual.readthedocs.io/).
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If you are translating online, please fork the [Door43-Catalog/en_ta](https://git.door43.org/Door43-Catalog/en_ta) repository, following this workflow: [Translate Content Online](https://forum.ccbt.bible/t/translate-content-online/75).
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### Technical Information for Translating tA
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### Technical Information for Translating UTA
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* *Do not* rename any files or directories. Only translate what is inside the files.
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* The `config.yaml` and `toc.yaml` files do not need to be changed unless you add a new module. When you are finished translating, you may want to update the `title` fields in the `toc.yaml` file, but you shouldn’t make any other changes in those files.
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* Images that are included in tA should be no more than 600px wide. Leave the image links alone to use the original images.
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* Images that are included in UTA should be no more than 600px wide. Leave the image links alone to use the original images.
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* Hyperlinks (links to other articles or to other pages on the internet) follow this pattern: `[text to display](http://www.example.com)`. You can translate the “text to display” inside the square brackets but not the web address that follows inside the parentheses.
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You are free to add additional modules. In order for the new modules to be included when tA is published, all of the following conditions need to be satisfied:
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You are free to add additional modules. In order for the new modules to be included, all of the following conditions need to be satisfied:
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* You must create a directory in one of the manual directories (like the translate directory) that has the short name of the module you want to write. For example, to create a new module on “testing” in the Translation Manual, you will want to put the file in “translate/testing/01.md”.
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* The file must be included in the table of contents, `toc.yaml` for the appropriate manual.
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* The value of the slug in the `toc.yaml` file and the directory (without the extension) must be the same as the directory name (`testing` in this example).
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* The slug must be unique, and not used in any of the other tA repositories. This is a requirement so that it is possible to create unambiguous links to articles in other tA manuals.
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* The slug must be unique, and not used in any of the other manuals. This is a requirement so that it is possible to create unambiguous links to each module.
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## License
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ It is true that the language community members who do the [Language Community Ch
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The Church Leaders doing accuracy checking should follow these steps:
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1. If possible, find out ahead of time which set of stories or which Bible passage you will be checking.
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Read the passage in several versions in any languages you understand. Read the passage in the ULT and UST, along with the Notes and translationWords. You can read these in translationStudio or in Bible Viewer.
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Read the passage in several versions in any languages you understand. Read the passage in the ULT and UST, along with unfoldingWord® Translation Notes and unfoldingWord® Translation Words. You can read these in translationStudio or in Bible Viewer.
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1. Then each of the accuracy checkers should read the translation (or listen to the recording) by himself, comparing it to the original Bible passage or story in the source language. The checker can do this using translationStudio. It can be helpful for someone, such as the translator, to read the translation out loud to the checker while the checker follows along looking at the source Bible or Bibles. As the checker reads (or listens to) the translation and compares it to the source, he should keep in mind these general questions:
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* Was everything that was mentioned in the source language translation also mentioned in the flow of the new (local) translation?
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* Did the meaning of the new translation follow the message (not necessarily the wording) of the source translation? (Sometimes if the arrangement of words or the order of ideas is different than in the source translation, it sounds better that way and is still accurate.)
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* Were the people introduced in each story doing the same things as those mentioned in the source language translation? (Was it easy to see who was doing the events of the new translation when it was compared to the source language?)
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* Are there translationWords used in the new translation that do not match your understanding of the words in the source version? Think about things like this: How do your people talk about a priest (one who sacrifices to God) or a temple (the sacrifice place of the Jews) without using a word borrowed from the source language?
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* Are there unfoldingWord® Translation Words used in the new translation that do not match your understanding of the words in the source version? Think about things like this: How do your people talk about a priest (one who sacrifices to God) or a temple (the sacrifice place of the Jews) without using a word borrowed from the source language?
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* Are the phrases used in the new translation helpful in understanding the more difficult phrases of the source translation? (Are the phrases of the new translation put together in a way that brings better understanding and still fit with the meaning of the source language translation?)
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* Another way to determine if the text is accurate is to ask comprehension questions about the translation, such as, “who did what, when, where, how, and why.” There are questions that have already been prepared to help with this. (To view the translationQuestions go to http://ufw.io/tq/.) The answers to those questions should be the same as the answers to those questions about the source language translation. If they are not, there is a problem in the translation.
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* Another way to determine if the text is accurate is to ask comprehension questions about the translation, such as, “who did what, when, where, how, and why.” There are questions that have already been prepared to help with this. (To view the unfoldingWord® Translation Questions go to http://ufw.io/tq/.) The answers to those questions should be the same as the answers to those questions about the source language translation. If they are not, there is a problem in the translation.
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For more general types of things that need to be checked, go to [Types of Things to Check](../vol2-things-to-check/01.md).
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#### Authority and Capacity
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With the above understanding, we also affirm that the church that speaks each language has the authority to decide for themselves what is and what is not a good quality translation of the Bible in their language. While this authority to check and approve a Bible translation is unchanging, the ability to carry out the process of checking a Bible translation can increase over time. In other words, the authority for determining the quality of a Bible translation belongs to the church that speaks the language of the translation, independent of their current ability, experience, or access to resources that facilitate the checking of the Bible translation. So while the church in a language group has the authority to check and approve their own Bible translation, the unfoldingWord tools, including these modules of translationAcademy, are designed to enable the church in each language group to have the capacity to check the quality of their Bible translation using an excellent process. These tools are designed to give the church in each language group access to some of what Bible experts have said about the Bible and how those in other parts of the Church have translated it into other languages.
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With the above understanding, we also affirm that the church that speaks each language has the authority to decide for themselves what is and what is not a good quality translation of the Bible in their language. While this authority to check and approve a Bible translation is unchanging, the ability to carry out the process of checking a Bible translation can increase over time. In other words, the authority for determining the quality of a Bible translation belongs to the church that speaks the language of the translation, independent of their current ability, experience, or access to resources that facilitate the checking of the Bible translation. So while the church in a language group has the authority to check and approve their own Bible translation, the unfoldingWord® tools, including these modules of unfoldingWord® Translation Academy, are designed to enable the church in each language group to have the capacity to check the quality of their Bible translation using an excellent process. These tools are designed to give the church in each language group access to some of what Bible experts have said about the Bible and how those in other parts of the Church have translated it into other languages.
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The process for checking a translation will be described in the rest of this Checking Manual.
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### How to Do a translationWord Check in translationCore
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### How to do a translationWord check in translationCore
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* Sign in to translationCore
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* Select the project (book of the Bible) that you want to check
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### Publishing on Door43 and unfoldingWord.Bible
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### Publishing on Door43
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* Throughout the translation and checking process, the translation draft will be uploaded to and maintained in a repository under the username that you have chosen on the Door43 website. This is where translationStudio and translationCore send the drafts when you tell them to upload.
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* When checking has been completed and all appropriate edits have been made to the translation on door43, the checkers or church leaders will inform unfoldingWord of their desire to publish, and provide unfoldingWord with the documents affirming that the [Pastors](../good/01.md), the [Community](../community-evaluation/01.md), and the [Church Network Leaders](../level3-approval/01.md) affirm that the translation is trustworthy. The documents also contain an affirmation of the unfoldingWord [Translation Guidelines](../../intro/translation-guidelines/01.md) and the unfoldingWord [Statement of Faith](../../intro/statement-of-faith/01.md). All translated content is expected to be in accordance with the theology of the Statement of Faith and have followed the procedures and methodologies of the Translation Guidelines. unfoldingWord has no way to verify the accuracy of the translations or the affirmations, and so relies on the integrity of the leadership of the church networks.
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* After obtaining these affirmations, unfoldingWord will then make a copy of the translation that is on door43, digitally publish a static copy of it on the unfoldingWord website (see https://unfoldingword.bible) and make it available on the unfoldingWord mobile app. A print-ready PDF will also be produced and made available for download. It will continue to be possible to change the checked version on door43, allowing for future checking and editing.
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* After obtaining these affirmations, unfoldingWord will then make a copy of the translation that is on door43, digitally publish a static copy of it on the unfoldingWord website (see http://www.unfoldingword.org) and make it available on the unfoldingWord mobile app. A print-ready PDF will also be produced and made available for download. It will continue to be possible to change the checked version on door43, allowing for future checking and editing.
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* unfoldingWord will also need to know the version number of the source that was used for the translation. This number will be incorporated into the version number for the translation so that it will be easy to keep track of the state of the source and the translation as they both improve and change over time. For information about version numbers, see [Source Texts and Version Numbers](../../translate/translate-source-version/01.md).
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### Ongoing Checking
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**0 1 2** All important words are translated consistently in this chapter, as well as in other places where the important words appear.
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**0 1 2** Exegetical resources have been used for the entire chapter to identify and resolve potential translation challenges, including the Notes and translationWords.
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**0 1 2** Exegetical resources have been used for the entire chapter to identify and resolve potential translation challenges, including the unfoldingWord® Translation Notes and unfoldingWord® Translation Words.
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**0 1 2** Historical details in the source text (like names, places, and events) have been preserved in the translation.
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1. Find out ahead of time which set of stories or which Bible passage you will be checking.
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1. Read the passage in several versions in any languages you understand, including the original languages, if possible.
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1. Read the passage in the ULT and UST, and read the Notes and translationWords.
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1. Read the passage in the ULT and UST, and read the unfoldingWord® Translation Notes and unfoldingWord® Translation Words.
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1. Make note of any parts that you think might be difficult to translate.
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1. Research these passages in translation helps and commentaries, making notes about what you discover.
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### Key Words
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Make sure that the translation team is keeping a [list of the Key Words](../../translate/translate-key-terms/01.md) (important terms, also known as translationWords) from the Bible passages that they are translating, along with the term in the target language that they have decided to use for each of these important terms. You and the translation team will probably need to add to this list and modify the terms from the target language as you progress through the translation of the Bible. Use the list of Key Words to alert you when there are Key Words in the passage that you are translating. Whenever there is a Key Word in the Bible, make sure that the translation uses the term or phrase that has been chosen for that Key Word, and also make sure that it makes sense each time. If it does not make sense, then you will need to discuss why it makes sense in some places but not in others. Then you may need to modify or change the chosen term, or decide to use more than one term in the target language to fit different ways that the Key Word is used. One useful way to do this is to keep track of each important term on a spreadsheet, with columns for the source language term, the target language term, alternative terms and the Bible passages where you are using each term. We hope that this feature will be in future versions of translationStudio.
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Make sure that the translation team is keeping a [list of the Key Words](../../translate/translate-key-terms/01.md) (important terms) from the Bible passages that they are translating, along with the term in the target language that they have decided to use for each of these important terms. You and the translation team will probably need to add to this list and modify the terms from the target language as you progress through the translation of the Bible. Use the list of Key Words to alert you when there are Key Words in the passage that you are translating. Whenever there is a Key Word in the Bible, make sure that the translation uses the term or phrase that has been chosen for that Key Word, and also make sure that it makes sense each time. If it does not make sense, then you will need to discuss why it makes sense in some places but not in others. Then you may need to modify or change the chosen term, or decide to use more than one term in the target language to fit different ways that the Key Word is used. One useful way to do this is to keep track of each important term on a spreadsheet, with columns for the source language term, the target language term, alternative terms and the Bible passages where you are using each term. We hope that this feature will be in future versions of translationStudio.
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When you have finished Validation Checking for a Bible book, answer the questions at: [Questions for Validation Checking](../level3-questions/01.md).
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1. Check to make sure that the main point or the theme of the passage is clear. Ask the translation team to summarize what the passage is saying or teaching. If they choose a minor point as the primary one, they might need to adjust the way that they translated the passage.
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1. Check that the different parts of the passage are connected in the right way – that the reasons, additions, results, conclusions, etc. in the Bible passage are marked with the proper connectors in the target language.
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1. Check for the consistency of the translationWords, as explained in the last section of [Steps for Validation Checking](../vol2-steps/01.md). Ask how each term is used in the culture – who uses the terms, and on what occasions. Also ask what other terms are similar and what the differences are between the similar terms. This helps the translator to see if some terms might have unwanted meanings, and to see which term might be better, or if they might need to use different terms in different contexts.
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1. Check for the consistency of the unfoldingWord® Translation Words, as explained in the last section of [Steps for Validation Checking](../vol2-steps/01.md). Ask how each term is used in the culture – who uses the terms, and on what occasions. Also ask what other terms are similar and what the differences are between the similar terms. This helps the translator to see if some terms might have unwanted meanings, and to see which term might be better, or if they might need to use different terms in different contexts.
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1. Check figures of speech. Where there is a figure of speech in the Bible text, see how it has been translated and make sure it communicates the same meaning. Where there is a figure of speech in the translation, check to make sure it communicates the same meaning as in the Bible text.
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1. Check to see how abstract ideas were translated, such as love, forgiveness, joy, etc. Many of these are also Key Words.
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1. Check the translation of things or practices that might be unknown in the target culture. Showing the translation team pictures of these things and explaining to them what they are is very helpful.
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There are several resources available for finding answers to questions:
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* **translationAcademy** - This training manual is available at http://ufw.io/ta and has much information including:
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* [Introduction](../ta-intro/01.md) - introduces the unfoldingWord project
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* **unfoldingWord® Translation Academy** - This training manual is available at http://ufw.io/ta and has much information including:
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* [Introduction](../ta-intro/01.md) - introduces this resource, the Gateway Languages strategy, and translation
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* [Process Manual](../../process/process-manual/01.md) - answers the question “what next?”
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* [Translation Manual](../../translate/translate-manual/01.md) - explains the basics of translation theory and practical translation helps
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* [Checking Manual](../../checking/intro-check/01.md) - explains the basics of checking theory and best practices
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* **Slack Chatroom** - Join the Team43 community, post your questions to the “#helpdesk” channel, and get real-time answers to your questions (sign up at http://ufw.io/team43)
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* **CCBT Discussion Forum** - A place to ask questions and get answers to technical, strategic, translation, and checking issues, https://forum.ccbt.bible/
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* **Door43 Slack** - Join the Door43 community, post your questions to the “#helpdesk” channel, and get real-time answers to your questions (sign up at http://ufw.io/door43)
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* **Door43 Forum** - A place to ask questions and get answers to technical, strategic, translation, and checking issues, https://forum.door43.org/
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* **Helpdesk** - email <help@door43.org> with your questions
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What freedoms do users have with unfoldingWord content?
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What freedoms do users have with unfoldingWord® content?
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*The official version of this document is found at http://ufw.io/faith/.*
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*The official version of this document is found at http://ufw.io/faith.*
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*The following statement of faith is subscribed to by all member organizations of and contributors to the [unfoldingWord](https://unfoldingword.bible/) project. It is in agreement with these historical creeds: [Apostles’ Creed](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_creeds/src/master/content/apostles.md), [Nicene Creed](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_creeds/src/master/content/nicene.md), and [Athanasian Creed](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_creeds/src/master/content/athanasian.md); and also the [Lausanne Covenant](http://www.lausanne.org/en/documents/lausanne-covenant.html).*
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*The following statement of faith is in agreement with these historical creeds: [Apostles’ Creed](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_creeds/src/master/content/apostles.md), [Nicene Creed](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_creeds/src/master/content/nicene.md), and [Athanasian Creed](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_creeds/src/master/content/athanasian.md); and also the [Lausanne Covenant](http://www.lausanne.org/en/documents/lausanne-covenant.html).*
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We believe that Christian belief can and should be divided into **essential beliefs** and **peripheral beliefs** (Romans 14).
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### Welcome to translationAcademy
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### Welcome to unfoldingWord® Translation Academy
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The “translationAcademy” is intended to enable anyone, anywhere to equip themselves so that they will be able to make high-quality translations of biblical content into their own language. translationAcademy is designed to be highly flexible. It can be used in a systematic, in-advance approach or it can be used for just-in-time learning (or both, as needed). It is modular in structure.
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The “unfoldingWord® Translation Academy” is intended to enable anyone, anywhere to equip themselves so that they will be able to make high-quality translations of biblical content into their own language. unfoldingWord® Translation Academy is designed to be highly flexible. It can be used in a systematic, in-advance approach or it can be used for just-in-time learning (or both, as needed). It is modular in structure.
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translationAcademy contains the following sections:
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unfoldingWord® Translation Academy contains the following sections:
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* [Introduction](../ta-intro/01.md) - introduces translationAcademy and the unfoldingWord project
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* [Introduction](../ta-intro/01.md) - introduces unfoldingWord® Translation Academy and the unfoldingWord project
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* [Process Manual](../../process/process-manual/01.md) - answers the question “what next?”
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* [Translation Manual](../../translate/translate-manual/01.md) - explains the basics of translation theory and practical translation helps
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* [Checking Manual](../../checking/intro-check/01.md) - explains the basics of checking theory and best practices
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What is translationAcademy?
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What is unfoldingWord® Translation Academy?
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Introduction to translationAcademy
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Introduction to unfoldingWord® Translation Academy
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title: "Table of Contents"
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sections:
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- title: "Introduction to translationAcademy"
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- title: "Introduction to unfoldingWord® Translation Academy"
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link: ta-intro
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- title: "Why We Translate the Bible"
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The purpose of translationAcademy is to train you to become a Bible translator. Translating God’s Word into your language to help your people grow as disciples of Jesus is an important task. You must be committed to this task, take your responsibility seriously, and pray that the Lord will help you.
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The purpose of unfoldingWord® Translation Academy is to train you to become a Bible translator. Translating God’s Word into your language to help your people grow as disciples of Jesus is an important task. You must be committed to this task, take your responsibility seriously, and pray that the Lord will help you.
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God has spoken to us in the Bible. He inspired the writers of the Bible to write his Word using the Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek languages. There were about 40 different authors writing from around 1400 B.C. to A.D. 100. These documents were written in the Middle East, North Africa and Europe. By recording his Word in those languages, God ensured that the people at those times and in those places could understand it.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
*The official version of this document is found at http://ufw.io/guidelines/.*
|
||||
|
||||
*The following statement on the principles and procedures used in translation is subscribed to by all member organizations of and contributors to the unfoldingWord project (see https://unfoldingword.bible). All translation activities are carried out according to these common guidelines.*
|
||||
*The following statement on the principles and procedures used in translation is subscribed to by unfoldingWord and its contributors. All translation activities are carried out according to these common guidelines.*
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Accurate** — Translate accurately, without detracting from, changing, or adding to the meaning of the original text. Translated content should faithfully communicate as precisely as possible the meaning of the original text as it would have been understood by the original audience. (see [Create Accurate Translations](../../translate/guidelines-accurate/01.md))
|
||||
1. **Clear** — Use whatever language structures are necessary to achieve the highest level of comprehension. This includes rearranging the form of a text and using as many or as few terms as necessary to communicate the original meaning as clearly as possible. (see [Create Clear Translations](../../translate/guidelines-clear/01.md))
|
||||
|
|
@ -23,5 +23,5 @@ The specific steps involved may vary significantly, depending on the language an
|
|||
We also recommend that the translation work be:
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Collaborative** — Where possible, work together with other believers who speak your language to translate, check, and distribute the translated content, ensuring that it is of the highest quality and available to as many people as possible. (see [Create Collaborative Translations](../../translate/guidelines-collaborative/01.md))
|
||||
1. **Ongoing** — Translation work is never completely finished. Encourage those who are skilled with the language to suggest better ways to say things when they notice that improvements can be made. Any errors in the translation should also be corrected as soon as they are discovered. Also encourage the periodic review of translations to ascertain when revision or a new translation is needed. We recommend that each language community form a translation committee to oversee this ongoing work. Using the unfoldingWord online tools, these changes to the translation can be made quickly and easily. (see [Create Ongoing Translations](../../translate/guidelines-ongoing/01.md))
|
||||
1. **Ongoing** — Translation work is never completely finished. Encourage those who are skilled with the language to suggest better ways to say things when they notice that improvements can be made. Any errors in the translation should also be corrected as soon as they are discovered. Also encourage the periodic review of translations to ascertain when revision or a new translation is needed. We recommend that each language community form a translation committee to oversee this ongoing work. Using the unfoldingWord® online tools, these changes to the translation can be made quickly and easily. (see [Create Ongoing Translations](../../translate/guidelines-ongoing/01.md))
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Understanding the Word of God in one’s heart language is important:
|
|||
|
||||
How do we accomplish the goal of **unrestricted biblical content in every language**?
|
||||
|
||||
* [unfoldingWord Project](https://unfoldingword.bible/) - By working with other like-minded organizations
|
||||
* [unfoldingWord](http://www.unfoldingword.org/) - By working with other like-minded organizations
|
||||
* [Statement of Faith](../statement-of-faith/01.md) - By working with those who have the same beliefs
|
||||
* [Translation Guidelines](../translation-guidelines/01.md) - By using a common translation theory
|
||||
* [Open License](../open-license/01.md) - By releasing everything we create under an open license
|
||||
|
|
@ -26,19 +26,17 @@ How do we accomplish the goal of **unrestricted biblical content in every langua
|
|||
### What Do We Do?
|
||||
|
||||
* **Content** - We create and make available for translation free and unrestricted biblical content. See http://ufw.io/content/ for a complete list of resources and translations. Here are a few samples:
|
||||
* **Open Bible Stories** - a chronological mini-Bible comprising 50 key stories of the Bible, from Creation to Revelation, for evangelism and discipleship, in print, audio, and video (see http://ufw.io/stories/).
|
||||
* **unfoldingWord® Open Bible Stories** - a chronological mini-Bible comprising 50 key stories of the Bible, from Creation to Revelation, for evangelism and discipleship, in print, audio, and video (see http://ufw.io/stories/).
|
||||
* **the Bible** - the only inspired, inerrant, sufficient, authoritative Word of God made available under an open license for unrestricted translation, use, and distribution (see http://ufw.io/bible/).
|
||||
* **translationNotes** - linguistic, cultural, and exegetical helps for translators. They exist for Open Bible Stories and the Bible (see http://ufw.io/tn/).
|
||||
* **translationQuestions** - questions for each chunk of text that translators and checkers can ask to help ensure that their translation is understood correctly. Available for Open Bible Stories and the Bible (see http://ufw.io/tq/).
|
||||
* **translationWords** - a list of important Biblical terms with a short explanation, cross references, and translation aids. Useful for Open Bible Stories and the Bible (see http://ufw.io/tw/).
|
||||
* **unfoldingWord® Translation Notes** - linguistic, cultural, and exegetical helps for translators. They exist for Open Bible Stories and the Bible (see http://ufw.io/tn/).
|
||||
* **unfoldingWord® Translation Questions** - questions for each chunk of text that translators and checkers can ask to help ensure that their translation is understood correctly. Available for Open Bible Stories and the Bible (see http://ufw.io/tq/).
|
||||
* **unfoldingWord® Translation Words** - a list of important Biblical terms with a short explanation, cross references, and translation aids. Useful for Open Bible Stories and the Bible (see http://ufw.io/tw/).
|
||||
|
||||
* **Tools** - We create translation, checking, and distribution tools that are free and open-licensed. See http://ufw.io/tools/ for a complete list of tools. Here are a few samples:
|
||||
* **Door43** - an online translation platform where people can collaborate on translation and checking, also the content management system for unfoldingWord (see https://door43.org/).
|
||||
* **Door43** - an online translation platform where people can collaborate on translation and checking, also the content and translation management system (see https://door43.org/).
|
||||
* **translationStudio** - a mobile app and a desktop app where translators can do offline translating (see http://ufw.io/ts/).
|
||||
* **translationKeyboard** - a web and mobile app to help users create and use custom keyboards for languages without them (see http://ufw.io/tk/).
|
||||
* **unfoldingWord app** - a mobile app where translations can be distributed (see http://ufw.io/uw/).
|
||||
* **unfoldingWord app** - a mobile app where OBS and Bible translations can be distributed (see http://ufw.io/uw/).
|
||||
* **translationCore** - a program that enables comprehensive checking of Bible translations (see http://ufw.io/tc/).
|
||||
|
||||
* **Training** - We create resources to train mother tongue translation teams. translationAcademy (this resource) is our primary training tool. We also have audio recording and training resources. See http://ufw.io/training/ for a complete list of training materials.
|
||||
|
||||
* **Training** - We create resources to train mother tongue translation teams. unfoldingWord® Translation Academy (this resource) is our primary training tool. We also have audio recording and training resources. See http://ufw.io/training/ for a complete list of training materials.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ dublin_core:
|
|||
description: 'A modular handbook that provides a condensed explanation of Bible translation and checking principles that the global Church has implicitly affirmed define trustworthy translations. It enables translators to learn how to create trustworthy translations of the Bible in their own language.'
|
||||
format: 'text/markdown'
|
||||
identifier: 'ta'
|
||||
issued: '2018-10-03'
|
||||
issued: '2019-10-04'
|
||||
language:
|
||||
identifier: 'en'
|
||||
title: 'English'
|
||||
direction: 'ltr'
|
||||
modified: '2018-10-03'
|
||||
modified: '2019-10-04'
|
||||
publisher: 'unfoldingWord'
|
||||
relation:
|
||||
- 'en/ust'
|
||||
|
|
@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ dublin_core:
|
|||
language: 'en'
|
||||
version: '10'
|
||||
subject: 'Translation Academy'
|
||||
title: 'translationAcademy'
|
||||
title: 'unfoldingWord® Translation Academy'
|
||||
type: 'man'
|
||||
version: '10'
|
||||
version: '11'
|
||||
|
||||
checking:
|
||||
checking_entity:
|
||||
|
|
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ projects:
|
|||
identifier: 'intro'
|
||||
path: './intro'
|
||||
sort: 0
|
||||
title: 'Introduction to translationAcademy'
|
||||
title: 'Introduction to unfoldingWord® Translation Academy'
|
||||
versification:
|
||||
-
|
||||
categories:
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Some images from the Bible related to farming are listed below. The word in all
|
|||
|
||||
#### THRESHING and WINNOWING represent the separation of evil people from good people
|
||||
|
||||
After farmers harvest wheat and other types of grain, they bring them to a _threshing floor_, a flat place with hard ground, and have oxen pull heavy wheeled carts or sleds without wheels over the grain to _thresh_ it, to separate the usable grains from the useless chaff. Then they take large forks and _winnow_ the threshed grain by throwing it up in the air so the wind can carry off the chaff while the grains fall back to the threshing floor, where they can be gathered and used for food. (see *thresh* and *winnow* pages in [translationWords](https://unfoldingword.bible/tw/) for help translating “thresh” and “winnow”)
|
||||
After farmers harvest wheat and other types of grain, they bring them to a _threshing floor_, a flat place with hard ground, and have oxen pull heavy wheeled carts or sleds without wheels over the grain to _thresh_ it, to separate the usable grains from the useless chaff. Then they take large forks and _winnow_ the threshed grain by throwing it up in the air so the wind can carry off the chaff while the grains fall back to the threshing floor, where they can be gathered and used for food. (see *thresh* and *winnow* pages in [unfoldingWord® Translation Words](http://ufw.io/tw/) for help translating “thresh” and “winnow”)
|
||||
|
||||
> So I will winnow them with a pitchfork at the gates of the land. I will bereave them. I will destroy my people since they will not turn from their ways. (Jeremiah 15:7 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -43,13 +43,13 @@ Markdown also supports headings like this:
|
|||
## Heading 2
|
||||
### Heading 3
|
||||
|
||||
Markdown also supports links. Links display like this https://unfoldingword.bible and are written like this:
|
||||
Markdown also supports links. Links display like this http://www.unfoldingword.org/ and are written like this:
|
||||
|
||||
https://unfoldingword.bible
|
||||
http://www.unfoldingword.org
|
||||
|
||||
Customized wording for links are also supported, like this:
|
||||
|
||||
[uW Website](https://unfoldingword.bible)
|
||||
[uW Website](http://www.unfoldingword.org)
|
||||
|
||||
Note that HTML is also valid Markdown. For a complete listing of Markdown syntax please visit http://ufw.io/md.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ Follow these steps in order to get started:
|
|||
1. **Pray.** Pray that God would help you to understand the passage that you are translating and that he would help you to find the best way to communicate that passage in your language.
|
||||
1. **Read.**
|
||||
* If you are translating Open Bible Stories, read the entire story before starting to translate it. If you are translating the Bible, read the entire chapter before you start to translate any part of it. This way you will understand how the part you are translating fits into the larger context, and you will translate it better.
|
||||
* Read the passage that you plan to translate in as many different translations as you have. In [translationStudio](../../process/setup-ts/01.md), the first mode is the reading mode. Access this mode by clicking on the top symbol on the left side. You can choose up to three translations to show in this mode. We recommend that two of these be the unfoldingWord Literal Text (ULT) and the unfoldingWord Simplified Text (UST). The ULT will help you to see the form of the original text, and the UST will help you to understand the meaning of the original text. Think about how to communicate the meaning in the form that people would use in your language.
|
||||
* Read the passage that you plan to translate in as many different translations as you have. In [translationStudio](../../process/setup-ts/01.md), the first mode is the reading mode. Access this mode by clicking on the top symbol on the left side. You can choose up to three translations to show in this mode. We recommend that two of these be the unfoldingWord® Literal Text (ULT) and the unfoldingWord® Simplified Text (UST). The ULT will help you to see the form of the original text, and the UST will help you to understand the meaning of the original text. Think about how to communicate the meaning in the form that people would use in your language.
|
||||
* Read any Bible helps or commentaries that you have that talk about that passage.
|
||||
* Read the translationNotes for the passage that you plan to translate. To do this, click on the third icon down on the left side of translationStudio. Click on the tab that says, "Notes." Then click on each of the phrases in blue and read the explanation for each phrase.
|
||||
* Read the definitions of the translationWords (the important words) in the passage. To do this, click on the tab that says, "Words." Then click on each of the words in blue and read the explanation for each of these important words. Under each explanation there is also a section called "Translation Suggestions." Here you will find ideas for how to translate these words.
|
||||
1. **Talk.** Discuss the passage, the translationNotes, and the translationWords with others in the translation team. Help each other to understand what they mean. If there are parts that you still do not understand, ask pastors or other church leaders for help.
|
||||
* Read the unfoldingWord® Translation Notes for the passage that you plan to translate. To do this, click on the third icon down on the left side of translationStudio. Click on the tab that says, "Notes." Then click on each of the phrases in blue and read the explanation for each phrase.
|
||||
* Read the definitions of the unfoldingWord® Translation Words (the important words) in the passage. To do this, click on the tab that says, "Words." Then click on each of the words in blue and read the explanation for each of these important words. Under each explanation there is also a section called "Translation Suggestions." Here you will find ideas for how to translate these words.
|
||||
1. **Talk.** Discuss the passage, the unfoldingWord® Translation Notes, and the unfoldingWord® Translation Words with others in the translation team. Help each other to understand what they mean. If there are parts that you still do not understand, ask pastors or other church leaders for help.
|
||||
2. **Translate.** When you understand well what the passage is saying, say the first chunk (1-3 verses) out loud in your language in the way that someone from your language community would say it. If possible, say it to another member of the translation team. Let the translation team member correct it until it sounds good in your language. Do not follow [the order of words](../translate-wforw/01.md) from the source text if it is more [natural](../guidelines-natural/01.md) for your language to use a different order. To help with this, say the whole chunk of text without looking at the source text. This will help you to say these things in a way that is natural for your language, rather than in a way that was natural for the source language but that is not the best way to say it in your language. Still without looking at the source text, type your translation of the chunk into [translationStudio](../../process/setup-ts/01.md) (or record it). To do this, click on the second icon down on the left side. The chunk that you are working on will appear, covering the space where you will type the translation. When you are ready to type, click on the right edge of the space that is mostly covered by the source text of the passage. The blank space will then cover the source text. Type you translation of the chunk here in this space from your memory. When you type (or write) from your memory without looking at the source text, your translation will be more natural. Now repeat this step for the rest of the chunks of this passage.
|
||||
1. **Check**. Since you typed or recorded your translation of these chunks without looking at the source text, you might have left out a few things. Now is the time to add those things to your translation. Click on the third icon down on the left side of translationStudio again. In that mode:
|
||||
* Look again at the source text and carefully compare it to your translation. Make sure that it says all of the parts of the message of the source text and does not leave out anything. If some part of the message was missing, put it in your translation at the point where it fits best in your language. It does not need to be in the same order as the source as long as it sounds natural and gives the same meaning. To do this in translationStudio, click on the pencil icon on the top right above your translation.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ To create an **accurate** translation of the Bible means that the translation co
|
|||
|
||||
#### Discover the Meaning
|
||||
|
||||
First, read each passage a few times to discover the meaning. Use the two versions of the Bible available in translationStudio: the *unfoldingWord Simplified Text* and the *unfoldingWord Literal Text*. Also read the definitions of the translationWords and the translationNotes.
|
||||
First, read each passage a few times to discover the meaning. Use the two versions of the Bible available in translationStudio: the *unfoldingWord® Simplified Text* and the *unfoldingWord® Literal Text*. Also read the definitions of the unfoldingWord® Translation Words and the unfoldingWord® Translation Notes.
|
||||
|
||||
First read the *unfoldingWord Literal Text*:
|
||||
First read the *unfoldingWord® Literal Text*:
|
||||
>Whatever town you enter, and they receive you, eat what is set before you, and heal the sick that are there. Say to them, ‘The kingdom of God has come close to you.’ (Luke 10:8-9 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
Look at the *unfoldingWord Simplified Text* in the translationHelps:
|
||||
Look at the *unfoldingWord® Simplified Text* in the translationHelps:
|
||||
>Whenever you enter a town and the people there welcome you, eat whatever food they provide for you. Heal the people there who are sick. Tell them, ‘The kingdom of God is right here near you.’ (Luke 10:8-9 UST)
|
||||
|
||||
Do you notice the differences? There are some differences in the words each Bible version uses.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ Since not all translation teams have a member who can read the original language
|
|||
|
||||
To help with this problem, the translation team can do three things:
|
||||
|
||||
1. The translation team must use translationNotes, translationWords, and any other translation helps they have to help them translate in the best way. These translation helps were written by Bible scholars who know the original biblical languages.
|
||||
1. The translation team must use unfoldingWord® Translation Notes, unfoldingWord® Translation Words, and any other translation helps they have to help them translate in the best way. These translation helps were written by Bible scholars who know the original biblical languages.
|
||||
1. They should compare their translation with as many other reliable translations as they can, to make sure that it is communicating the same message as the others.
|
||||
1. Someone who has studied the biblical languages should review the translation to make sure that it is accurate. This person could be a church leader, pastor, seminary professor, or Bible translation professional.
|
||||
|
||||
Sometimes Bible translations differ because some passages in the Bible are unclear or ambiguous in the original biblical languages. In that case, the translation team must choose between them based on what Bible scholars say in translationNotes, translationWords, the UST, and other translation helps.
|
||||
Sometimes Bible translations differ because some passages in the Bible are unclear or ambiguous in the original biblical languages. In that case, the translation team must choose between them based on what Bible scholars say in unfoldingWord® Translation Notes, unfoldingWord® Translation Words, the UST, and other translation helps.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ To make a translation that is **faithful** to the Bible, you must avoid any poli
|
|||
|
||||
Your goal as a Bible translator is to communicate the same message that the original writer of the Bible intended to communicate. This means that you should not try to communicate your own message, or the message that you think the Bible should say, or that your church thinks the Bible should say. For any Bible passage, you must communicate what it says, all of what it says, and only what it says. You must resist the temptation to put any of your own interpretations or messages into the Bible or add any meaning to the message that is not there in the Bible passage. (The message of a Bible passage includes the implied information. See [Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information](../figs-explicit/01.md).)
|
||||
|
||||
You must also use key terms that are faithful to the vocabulary of the original biblical languages. Read the definitions of the translationWords to make sure that you understand the meanings of these words. Translate so that these key terms have these same meanings, and do not translate them in different ways just to please your pastor, your village leaders, or yourself.
|
||||
You must also use key terms that are faithful to the vocabulary of the original biblical languages. Read the definitions of the unfoldingWord® Translation Words to make sure that you understand the meanings of these words. Translate so that these key terms have these same meanings, and do not translate them in different ways just to please your pastor, your village leaders, or yourself.
|
||||
|
||||
Always translating faithfully can be difficult for several reasons:
|
||||
|
||||
1. You might be used to the way that your church interprets some Bible passages, and not know that there are other interpretations.
|
||||
|
||||
* Example: When you are translating the word “baptize,” you might want to translate it with a word that means “sprinkle,” because that is what your church does. But after reading translationWords, you learn that the word has a meaning in the range of “plunge,” “dip,” “wash,” or “purify.”
|
||||
* Example: When you are translating the word “baptize,” you might want to translate it with a word that means “sprinkle,” because that is what your church does. But after reading unfoldingWord® Translation Words, you learn that the word has a meaning in the range of “plunge,” “dip,” “wash,” or “purify.”
|
||||
|
||||
1. You might want to translate a Bible passage in a way that accords with your culture, rather than according to what it meant when it was written.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -29,6 +29,6 @@ Always translating faithfully can be difficult for several reasons:
|
|||
|
||||
* Example: When you are translating Mark 10:11, “Whoever divorces his wife and marries another woman commits adultery against her,” you might know that in Matthew 19:9 there is also the phrase, “…except for sexual immorality….” Even so, do not add this phrase into Mark 10:11, because that would not be translating faithfully. Also, do not add any of your own ideas or teachings from your church. Only translate the meaning that is there in the Bible passage.
|
||||
|
||||
In order to avoid these biases, especially the ones that you might not be aware of, you must study the translationNotes (see http://ufw.io/tn/), translationWords (see http://ufw.io/tw/) and the *unfoldingWord Simplified Text* (see http://ufw.io/udb/), as well as any other translation helps that you have. That way you will know what the meaning of the Bible passage is, and you will be less likely to translate in a biased, unfaithful way.
|
||||
In order to avoid these biases, especially the ones that you might not be aware of, you must study the unfoldingWord® Translation Notes (see http://ufw.io/tn/), unfoldingWord® Translation Words (see http://ufw.io/tw/) and the *unfoldingWord® Simplified Text* (see http://ufw.io/udb/), as well as any other translation helps that you have. That way you will know what the meaning of the Bible passage is, and you will be less likely to translate in a biased, unfaithful way.
|
||||
|
||||
(You may also want to watch the video at http://ufw.io/guidelines_faithful.)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ To communicate well with historical accuracy, you need to remember two things:
|
|||
|
||||
as translators, we need to translate the historical details accurately, but also provide some explanation when we think that our readers will need it so that they can understand what the translation is about.
|
||||
|
||||
* For example, Genesis 12:16 refers to camels. For readers in parts of the world where this animal is unknown, it might be good to provide a description. The best way to do this is in a footnote, or in a glossary entry such as the one in translationWords.
|
||||
* For example, Genesis 12:16 refers to camels. For readers in parts of the world where this animal is unknown, it might be good to provide a description. The best way to do this is in a footnote, or in a glossary entry such as the one in unfoldingWord® Translation Words.
|
||||
|
||||
Some explanation can be included in the text, as long as it is brief and does not distract the reader from the main point of the text.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -45,4 +45,4 @@ Just as today, human father-son relationships during Bible times were never as l
|
|||
1. If your language has more than one word for “son,” use the word that has the closest meaning to “only son” (or “first son” if necessary).
|
||||
1. If your language has more than one word for “father,” use the word that has the closest meaning to “birth father,” rather than “adoptive father.”
|
||||
|
||||
(See *God the Father* and *Son of God* pages in [translationWords](https://unfoldingword.bible/tw/) for help translating “Father” and “Son.”)
|
||||
(See *God the Father* and *Son of God* pages in [unfoldingWord® Translation Words](http://ufw.io/tw/) for help translating “Father” and “Son.”)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
Figures of speech are ways of saying things that use words in non-literal ways. That is, the meaning of a figure of speech is not the same as the more direct meaning of its words. There are many different types of figures of speech.
|
||||
|
||||
In the translationNotes there will be an explanation about the meaning of a figure of speech that is in the passage. Sometimes an alternate translation is provided. This is marked as “AT,” which is the initial letters of “Alternate Translation.” There will also be a link to a translationAcademy (tA) page that gives additional information and translation strategies for that kind of figure of speech.
|
||||
In the translationNotes there will be an explanation about the meaning of a figure of speech that is in the passage. Sometimes an alternate translation is provided. This is marked as “AT,” which is the initial letters of “Alternate Translation.” There will also be a link to a unfoldingWord® Translation Academy (UTA) page that gives additional information and translation strategies for that kind of figure of speech.
|
||||
|
||||
In order to translate the meaning, you need to be able to recognize the figure of speech and know what it means in the source language. Then you can choose either a figure of speech or a direct way to communicate that same meaning in the target language.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ In order to translate the meaning, you need to be able to recognize the figure o
|
|||
|
||||
* **in my name** - Possible meanings are 1) AT: “claiming my authority” or 2) “claiming that God sent them.” (See: [Metonymy](../figs-metonymy/01.md) and [Idiom](../figs-idiom/01.md))
|
||||
|
||||
The figure of speech in this Note is called a metonymy. The phrase “in my name” does not refer to the speaker’s name (Jesus), but to his person and authority. The Note explains the metonymy in this passage by giving two alternate translations. After that, there is a link to the tA page about metonymy. Click on the link to learn about metonymy and general strategies for translating metonymys. Because this phrase is also a common idiom, the Note includes a link to the tA page that explains idioms.
|
||||
The figure of speech in this Note is called a metonymy. The phrase “in my name” does not refer to the speaker’s name (Jesus), but to his person and authority. The Note explains the metonymy in this passage by giving two alternate translations. After that, there is a link to the UTA page about metonymy. Click on the link to learn about metonymy and general strategies for translating metonymys. Because this phrase is also a common idiom, the Note includes a link to the UTA page that explains idioms.
|
||||
|
||||
> “<u>You offspring of vipers</u>! Who warned you to run away from the wrath that is coming? (Luke 3:7 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
* **You offspring of vipers** - In this metaphor, John compares the crowd to vipers, which were deadly or dangerous snakes and represent evil. AT: “You evil poisonous snakes” or “People should stay away from you just like they avoid poisonous snakes” (See: [Metaphor](../figs-metaphor/01.md))
|
||||
|
||||
The figure of speech in this Note is called a metaphor. The Note explains the metaphor and gives two alternate translations. After that, there is a link to the tA page about metaphors. Click on the link to learn about metaphors and general strategies for translating them.
|
||||
The figure of speech in this Note is called a metaphor. The Note explains the metaphor and gives two alternate translations. After that, there is a link to the UTA page about metaphors. Click on the link to learn about metaphors and general strategies for translating them.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
|
|||
|
||||
There are two types of links in the translationNotes: links to a translationAcademy topic page and links for repeated words or phrases within the same book.
|
||||
There are two types of links in the translationNotes: links to a unfoldingWord® Translation Academy topic page and links for repeated words or phrases within the same book.
|
||||
|
||||
### translationAcademy Topics
|
||||
### unfoldingWord® Translation Academy Topics
|
||||
|
||||
The translationAcademy topics are intended to enable anyone, anywhere to learn the basics of how to translate the Bible into their own language. They are intended to be highly flexible for just-in-time learning in web and offline mobile video formats.
|
||||
The unfoldingWord® Translation Academy topics are intended to enable anyone, anywhere to learn the basics of how to translate the Bible into their own language. They are intended to be highly flexible for just-in-time learning in web and offline mobile video formats.
|
||||
|
||||
Each translationNote follows a phrase from the ULT and will provide immediate help on how to translate that phrase. Sometimes there will be a statement in parenthesis at the end of the suggested translation that may look like this: (See: *Metaphor*). The word or words in green are a link to a translationAcademy topic. You can click on the link to learn more about the topic.
|
||||
Each translationNote follows a phrase from the ULT and will provide immediate help on how to translate that phrase. Sometimes there will be a statement in parenthesis at the end of the suggested translation that may look like this: (See: *Metaphor*). The word or words in green are a link to a unfoldingWord® Translation Academy topic. You can click on the link to learn more about the topic.
|
||||
|
||||
There are several reasons to read the translationAcademy topic information:
|
||||
There are several reasons to read the unfoldingWord® Translation Academy topic information:
|
||||
|
||||
* Learning about the topic will help the translator to translate more accurately.
|
||||
* The topics have been chosen to provide a basic understanding of the principles and strategies of translation.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ There are several types of suggested translations.
|
|||
|
||||
* **[Notes with Probable or Possible Meanings](../resources-porp/01.md)** - Sometimes Bible scholars do not know for sure, or do not agree on, what a particular phrase or sentence in the Bible means. Some reasons for this include: there are minor differences in the ancient Bible texts, or a word may have more than one meaning or use, or it may not be clear what a word (such as a pronoun) refers to in a particular phrase. In this case, the Note will give the most probable meaning, or will list several possible meanings, with the most probable meaning first.
|
||||
|
||||
* **[Notes that Identify Figures of Speech](../resources-fofs/01.md)** - When there is a Figure of Speech in the ULT text, then the notes will provide an explanation of how to translate that Figure of Speech. Sometimes an Alternate Translation (AT:) is provided. There will also be a link to the translationAcademy page for additional information and translation strategies to help the translator accurately translate the meaning of that type of Figure of Speech.
|
||||
* **[Notes that Identify Figures of Speech](../resources-fofs/01.md)** - When there is a Figure of Speech in the ULT text, then the notes will provide an explanation of how to translate that Figure of Speech. Sometimes an Alternate Translation (AT:) is provided. There will also be a link to the unfoldingWord® Translation Academy page for additional information and translation strategies to help the translator accurately translate the meaning of that type of Figure of Speech.
|
||||
|
||||
* **[Notes that Identify Indirect and Direct Quotes](../resources-iordquote/01.md)** - There are two kinds of quotations: direct quotation and indirect quotation. When translating a quotation, translators need to decide whether to translate it as a direct quotation or an indirect quotation. These Notes will alert the translator to the choice that needs to be made.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,26 +1,26 @@
|
|||
|
||||
### translationWords
|
||||
### unfoldingWord® Translation Words
|
||||
|
||||
It is the duty of the translator, to the best of his ability, to make sure that each Bible passage he translates has the meaning that the writer of that Bible passage intended it to communicate. In order to do this, he will need to study translation helps prepared by Bible scholars, including the translationWords resource.
|
||||
It is the duty of the translator, to the best of his ability, to make sure that each Bible passage he translates has the meaning that the writer of that Bible passage intended it to communicate. In order to do this, he will need to study translation helps prepared by Bible scholars, including the unfoldingWord® Translation Words resource.
|
||||
|
||||
In order to use translationWords, follow these steps:
|
||||
In order to use unfoldingWord® Translation Words, follow these steps:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Identify the important words and any words in the source text that are ambiguous or difficult to understand.
|
||||
1. Look at the section called “translationWords.”
|
||||
1. Look at the section called “unfoldingWord® Translation Words.”
|
||||
1. Find the words that you identified as important or difficult, and click on the first one.
|
||||
1. Read the translationWords entry for that word.
|
||||
1. After reading the definition, read the Bible passage again, thinking about the definition that you read in translationWords.
|
||||
1. Read the unfoldingWord® Translation Words entry for that word.
|
||||
1. After reading the definition, read the Bible passage again, thinking about the definition that you read in unfoldingWord® Translation Words.
|
||||
1. Think of possible ways to translate the word in your language that fit the Bible context and the definition. It can be helpful to compare words and phrases in your language that have similar meaning and try each one.
|
||||
1. Choose the one that you think is best and write it down.
|
||||
1. Repeat the above steps for other translationWords that you identified.
|
||||
1. When you have thought of a good translation for each of the translationWords, then translate the whole passage.
|
||||
1. Repeat the above steps for other unfoldingWord® Translation Words that you identified.
|
||||
1. When you have thought of a good translation for each of the unfoldingWord® Translation Words, then translate the whole passage.
|
||||
1. Test your translated passage by reading it to others. Change to a different word or phrase in places where others do not understand the meaning.
|
||||
|
||||
Once you have found a good translation for a translationWord, you should use it consistently throughout the translation. If you find a place where that translation does not fit, then think through the process again. It could be that a word with similar meaning will fit better in the new context. Keep track of which word or words you are using to translate each translationWord and make this information available to everyone on the translation team. This will help everyone on the translation team to know which words they should be using.
|
||||
Once you have found a good translation for a term, you should use it consistently throughout the translation. If you find a place where that translation does not fit, then think through the process again. It could be that a word with similar meaning will fit better in the new context. Keep track of which word or words you are using to translate each term and make this information available to everyone on the translation team. This will help everyone on the translation team to know which words they should be using.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Unknown Ideas
|
||||
|
||||
Sometimes a translationWord refers to a thing or custom that is unknown in the target language. Possible solutions are to use a descriptive phrase, substitute something similar, use a foreign word from another language, use a more general word or use more specific words. See the lesson on [Translate Unknowns](../translate-unknown/01.md) for more information.
|
||||
Sometimes a word refers to a thing or custom that is unknown in the target language. Possible solutions are to use a descriptive phrase, substitute something similar, use a foreign word from another language, use a more general word or use more specific words. See the lesson on [Translate Unknowns](../translate-unknown/01.md) for more information.
|
||||
|
||||
One kind of ‘unknown idea’ are words that refer to Jewish and Christian religious customs and beliefs. Some common unknown ideas are:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -49,4 +49,4 @@ One kind of ‘unknown idea’ are words that refer to Jewish and Christian reli
|
|||
|
||||
(Notice that all of these are nouns, but they represent events, so they may need to be translated by verb (action) clauses.)
|
||||
|
||||
You may need to discuss the definitions of these translationWords with other members of the translation team or people from your church or village in order to discover the best way to translate them.
|
||||
You may need to discuss the definitions of these unfoldingWord® Translation Words with other members of the translation team or people from your church or village in order to discover the best way to translate them.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1 +1 @@
|
|||
How can translationWords help me make a better translation?
|
||||
How can unfoldingWord® Translation Words help me make a better translation?
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1 +1 @@
|
|||
Using translationWords
|
||||
Using unfoldingWord® Translation Words
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ sections:
|
|||
link: translate-bibleorg
|
||||
- title: "Chapter and Verse Numbers"
|
||||
link: translate-chapverse
|
||||
- title: "unfoldingWord Literal Text (ULT) and unfoldingWord Simplified Text (UST) Formatting Signals"
|
||||
- title: "unfoldingWord® Literal Text (ULT) and unfoldingWord® Simplified Text (UST) Formatting Signals"
|
||||
link: translate-formatsignals
|
||||
- title: "How to Use the ULT and UST when Translating the Bible"
|
||||
link: translate-useulbudb
|
||||
|
|
@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ sections:
|
|||
sections:
|
||||
- title: "Notes with Links"
|
||||
link: resources-links
|
||||
- title: "Using the translationNotes"
|
||||
- title: "Using the unfoldingWord® Translation Notes"
|
||||
link: resources-types
|
||||
sections:
|
||||
- title: "Connecting Statement and General Information in the Notes"
|
||||
|
|
@ -144,9 +144,9 @@ sections:
|
|||
link: resources-iordquote
|
||||
- title: "Notes for Long ULT Phrases"
|
||||
link: resources-long
|
||||
- title: "Using translationWords"
|
||||
- title: "Using unfoldingWord® Translation Words"
|
||||
link: resources-words
|
||||
- title: "Using translationQuestions"
|
||||
- title: "Using unfoldingWord® Translation Questions"
|
||||
link: resources-questions
|
||||
- title: "Just-in-Time Learning Modules"
|
||||
sections:
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ When we refer to two or more verses that are next to each other, we put a line b
|
|||
|
||||
When we refer to verses that are not next to each other, we use commas to separate them. “John 3:2, 6, 9” means John chapter 3, verses 2, 6, and 9.
|
||||
|
||||
After the chapter and verse numbers, we put the abbreviation for the translation of the Bible that we used. In the example below, “ULT” stands for the *unfoldingWord Literal Text*.
|
||||
After the chapter and verse numbers, we put the abbreviation for the translation of the Bible that we used. In the example below, “ULT” stands for the *unfoldingWord® Literal Text*.
|
||||
|
||||
In translationAcademy we use this system to tell where portions of scripture come from. However, this does not mean that the whole verse or set of verses is shown. The text below comes from Judges, chapter 6, verse 28, but it is not the whole verse. The verse has more at the end. In translationAcademy, we only show the part of the verse that we want to talk about.
|
||||
In unfoldingWord® Translation Academy we use this system to tell where portions of scripture come from. However, this does not mean that the whole verse or set of verses is shown. The text below comes from Judges, chapter 6, verse 28, but it is not the whole verse. The verse has more at the end. In unfoldingWord® Translation Academy, we only show the part of the verse that we want to talk about.
|
||||
>In the morning when the men of the town got up, the altar of Baal was broken down…(Judges 6:28 ULT)
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
|
|||
|
||||
### Description
|
||||
|
||||
The decimal point, or decimal comma, is a mark placed to the left of a number to show that the number refers to part of a whole number. For example .1 meter is not a whole meter but is only one tenth of a meter and .5 meter is not five meters, but is only five tenths of a meter. 3.7 meters is three and seven tenths of a meter. Numbers like these are used in the *unfoldingWord Simplified Text* (UST).
|
||||
The decimal point, or decimal comma, is a mark placed to the left of a number to show that the number refers to part of a whole number. For example .1 meter is not a whole meter but is only one tenth of a meter and .5 meter is not five meters, but is only five tenths of a meter. 3.7 meters is three and seven tenths of a meter. Numbers like these are used in the *unfoldingWord® Simplified Text* (UST).
|
||||
|
||||
In some countries people use a decimal point, and in other countries people use a decimal comma. So translators in countries that use a decimal comma would write “3.7 meters” as “3,7 meters.” In some cultures people prefer fractions. (see [Fractions](../translate-fraction/01.md))
|
||||
|
||||
In the unfoldingWord Simplified Text (UST) parts of a number are written as decimals or fractions. When they are used with a measurement such as meters, grams, and liters, the are usually written as decimals.
|
||||
In the unfoldingWord® Simplified Text (UST) parts of a number are written as decimals or fractions. When they are used with a measurement such as meters, grams, and liters, the are usually written as decimals.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Decimal Numbers in the UST
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ In the unfoldingWord Simplified Text (UST) parts of a number are written as deci
|
|||
|
||||
### Examples from the Bible
|
||||
|
||||
For telling about parts of a number, the unfoldingWord Literal Text (ULT) uses fractions, and the unfoldingWord Simplified Text (UST) uses mostly decimals when the number is used with a measurement. Another difference between the ULT and the UST is that when measuring [Biblical Distance](../translate-bdistance/01.md), [Biblical Weight](../translate-bweight/01.md), and [Biblical Volume](../translate-bvolume/01.md), they use different systems, so the numbers in the ULT and the UST are not the same for these measures.
|
||||
For telling about parts of a number, the unfoldingWord® Literal Text (ULT) uses fractions, and the unfoldingWord® Simplified Text (UST) uses mostly decimals when the number is used with a measurement. Another difference between the ULT and the UST is that when measuring [Biblical Distance](../translate-bdistance/01.md), [Biblical Weight](../translate-bweight/01.md), and [Biblical Volume](../translate-bvolume/01.md), they use different systems, so the numbers in the ULT and the UST are not the same for these measures.
|
||||
>They are to make an ark of acacia wood. Its length must be <u>two and a half cubits</u>; its width will be <u>one cubit and a half</u>; and its height will be <u>one cubit and a half</u>. (Exodus 25:10 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
The ULT uses the fraction “half.” This can also be written as a decimal: .5.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ There are many different things that we can do to help us to discover the meanin
|
|||
1. Read the whole passage through before you translate it. Understand the main point of the whole passage before you begin to translate it. If it is a narrative passage, such as a story of one of Jesus’ miracles, picture the original situation. Imagine you were there. Imagine how people felt.
|
||||
1. When translating the Bible, always use at least two versions of the Bible together as your source text. Comparing two versions will help you to think about the meaning, so that you do not just follow the words of one version literally. The two versions should be:
|
||||
|
||||
* One version that follows the form of the original language fairly closely, such as the unfoldingWord Literal Text (ULT).
|
||||
* One meaning-based version, such as the *unfoldingWord Simplified Text* (UST).
|
||||
* One version that follows the form of the original language fairly closely, such as the unfoldingWord® Literal Text (ULT).
|
||||
* One meaning-based version, such as the *unfoldingWord® Simplified Text* (UST).
|
||||
|
||||
1. Use the translationWords resources to learn about terms that you are not familiar with. Words sometimes have more than one meaning. Make sure that you have understood the right meaning of the word in the passage.
|
||||
1. Also use the translationNotes that are with the ULT Bible. These are available in the translationStudio program and the Door43 website. These will explain things about the passage that may not be clear. If possible, also use other reference books, such as other versions of the Bible, a Bible dictionary, or Bible commentaries.
|
||||
1. Use the unfoldingWord® Translation Words resource to learn about terms that you are not familiar with. Words sometimes have more than one meaning. Make sure that you have understood the right meaning of the word in the passage.
|
||||
1. Also use the unfoldingWord® Translation Notes that are with the ULT Bible. These are available in the translationStudio program and the Door43 website. These will explain things about the passage that may not be clear. If possible, also use other reference books, such as other versions of the Bible, a Bible dictionary, or Bible commentaries.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ From the Living Bible:
|
|||
From the New Living Translation:
|
||||
>Prove by the way you live that you have repented of your sins and turned to God.
|
||||
|
||||
From the unfoldingWord Simplified Text
|
||||
From the unfoldingWord® Simplified Text
|
||||
>Do the things that show that you have truly turned away from your sinful behavior!
|
||||
|
||||
Notice that these translations have changed the word order to be more natural in English. Also, the word “fruits” no longer appears. In fact, the Living Bible translation uses almost none of the words in the ULT translation. Instead, rather than “fruits,” the meaning-based translations refer to “deeds” or to “the way you live.” “Fruits” in this verse is used as part of a metaphor. The meaning of “fruits” in this metaphor is “the things that a person does.” (See [Metaphor](../figs-metaphor/01.md).)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
### Description
|
||||
|
||||
The *unfoldingWord Literal Text* (ULT) and *unfoldingWord Simplified Text* (UST) use ellipsis marks, long dashes, parentheses, and indentation to show how information in the text is related to what is around it.
|
||||
The *unfoldingWord® Literal Text* (ULT) and *unfoldingWord® Simplified Text* (UST) use ellipsis marks, long dashes, parentheses, and indentation to show how information in the text is related to what is around it.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Ellipsis marks
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
|
|||
|
||||
### Using translationHelps
|
||||
|
||||
To help translators make the best translation possible, **translationNotes**, **translationWords**, and **translationQuestions** have been created.
|
||||
To help translators make the best translation possible, **unfoldingWord® Translation Notes**, **unfoldingWord® Translation Words**, and **unfoldingWord® Translation Questions** have been created.
|
||||
|
||||
**translationNotes** are cultural, linguistic, and exegetical notes that help to describe and explain some of the Bible background that the translator needs to know to translate accurately. The translationNotes also inform translators about different ways that they might express the same meaning. See http://ufw.io/tn/.
|
||||
**unfoldingWord® Translation Notes** are cultural, linguistic, and exegetical notes that help to describe and explain some of the Bible background that the translator needs to know to translate accurately. The unfoldingWord® Translation Notes also inform translators about different ways that they might express the same meaning. See http://ufw.io/tn/.
|
||||
|
||||
The **translationWords** are key terms found in Open Bible Stories and the Bible that are important to translate correctly. Each of these words or phrases has a small article written about it as well as cross-references to other places where that term is used in either Open Bible Stories or the Bible. This is to show the translator other ways that the translationWord is used and to ensure that it has been translated correctly in those places, too. See http://ufw.io/tw/.
|
||||
The **unfoldingWord® Translation Words** are key terms found in Open Bible Stories and the Bible that are important to translate correctly. Each of these words or phrases has a small article written about it as well as cross-references to other places where that term is used in either Open Bible Stories or the Bible. This is to show the translator other ways that the unfoldingWord® Translation Words is used and to ensure that it has been translated correctly in those places, too. See http://ufw.io/tw/.
|
||||
|
||||
The **translationQuestions** are comprehension questions that can be used to self-check your translation. If you can correctly answer the translationQuestions using only the Target Language translation, then it is an accurate translation. The translationQuestions are also a good tool to use for checking with the target language community. See http://ufw.io/tq/.
|
||||
The **unfoldingWord® Translation Questions** are comprehension questions that can be used to self-check your translation. If you can correctly answer the unfoldingWord® Translation Questions using only the Target Language translation, then it is an accurate translation. The unfoldingWord® Translation Questions are also a good tool to use for checking with the target language community. See http://ufw.io/tq/.
|
||||
|
||||
Once you have consulted the translationNotes, translationWords and translationQuestions, then you are ready to make the best translation.
|
||||
Once you have consulted the unfoldingWord® Translation Notes, unfoldingWord® Translation Words and unfoldingWord® Translation Questions, then you are ready to make the best translation.
|
||||
|
||||
**Please consult the translationNotes and translationWords when doing your translation!**
|
||||
**Please consult the unfoldingWord® Translation Notes and unfoldingWord® Translation Words when doing your translation!**
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
Making a Key Terms Spreadsheet
|
||||
|
||||
* Make a list of the translationWords in the story or Bible passage that you translate, along with the term that you choose for it in the target language. It is best if you can do this on a spreadsheet so that you can list the source word or phrase in one column and the target word or phrase in another column. Further columns could list equivalent terms in other languages and the references where these terms occur in the Bible. Make sure that everyone translating Bible books that use these terms has access to the spreadsheet, or a chart on paper, so that you can all use the same words or phrases in your translation.
|
||||
* Use the list of words and definitions in the translationWords section of Door43 or translationStudio to help you to make a list of these words and to understand what they mean. translationStudio will show you these words and their definitions as you encounter them in the source text, and the translationWords tool in translationCore will give you a list of all of the key terms in each book of the Bible.
|
||||
* Each time the translationWord occurs in the source text, make sure that the term you have chosen for the translation still makes sense in that context. If it does not, discuss the problem with others on the translation team and try to find a solution together. You may need to use a different term, or you may need to use more than one term for the different contexts, or you may need to find another way to communicate the translationWord that includes all of the meanings, such as using a longer phrase.
|
||||
* When you have decided that you need to use different target language words or phrases to translate one source language translationWord in different contexts, then make a new line on the spreadsheet for each different way that you are translating the source translationWord. Repeat the source term in the source column, and put the new translation in the next column, under the first translation. Share this spreadsheet with everyone on the translation team so that they can choose the right translation for the source translationWord in the context that they are translating.
|
||||
* Make a list of the key terms in the story or Bible passage that you translate, along with the term that you choose for it in the target language. It is best if you can do this on a spreadsheet so that you can list the source word or phrase in one column and the target word or phrase in another column. Further columns could list equivalent terms in other languages and the references where these terms occur in the Bible. Make sure that everyone translating Bible books that use these terms has access to the spreadsheet, or a chart on paper, so that you can all use the same words or phrases in your translation.
|
||||
* Use the list of words and definitions in the unfoldingWord® Translation Words resource to help you to make a list of these words and to understand what they mean. translationStudio will show you these words and their definitions as you encounter them in the source text, and the translationWords tool in translationCore will give you a list of all of the key terms in each book of the Bible.
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* Each time the key word occurs in the source text, make sure that the term you have chosen for the translation still makes sense in that context. If it does not, discuss the problem with others on the translation team and try to find a solution together. You may need to use a different term, or you may need to use more than one term for the different contexts, or you may need to find another way to communicate the term that includes all of the meanings, such as using a longer phrase.
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* When you have decided that you need to use different target language words or phrases to translate one source language word in different contexts, then make a new line on the spreadsheet for each different way that you are translating the source word. Repeat the source term in the source column, and put the new translation in the next column, under the first translation. Share this spreadsheet with everyone on the translation team so that they can choose the right translation for the key term in the context that they are translating.
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@ -74,5 +74,5 @@ Be consistent in your translations. Decide how the numbers will be translated, u
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#### Consistency in the ULT and UST
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The *unfoldingWord Literal Text* (ULT) and the *unfoldingWord Simplified Text* (UST) use words for numbers that have only one or two words (nine, sixteen, three hundred). They use numerals for numbers that have more than two words (the numerals “130” instead of “one hundred thirty”).
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The *unfoldingWord® Literal Text* (ULT) and the *unfoldingWord® Simplified Text* (UST) use words for numbers that have only one or two words (nine, sixteen, three hundred). They use numerals for numbers that have more than two words (the numerals “130” instead of “one hundred thirty”).
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>When Adam had lived <u>130</u> years, he became the father of a son in his own likeness, after his image, and he called his name Seth. After Adam became the father of Seth, he lived <u>eight hundred</u> years. He became the father of more sons and daughters. Adam lived <u>930</u> years, and then he died. (Genesis 5:3-5 ULT)
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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The source language is the language from which the translation is being made. If a translator is translating the Bible from the original languages, then the original language and the source language for his translation are the same. However, only people who have spent many years studying the original languages understand them and can use them as a source language. For that reason, most translators use Bibles that have been translated into a language of wider communication as their source language text.
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If you are translating from a language of wider communication, it is a good idea to have someone who has studied the original languages compare the meaning in the target language translation with the meaning in the original language to make sure that the meaning is the same. Another way to make sure that the meaning of the target language translation is accurate is to check the translation with translation helps that have been written by people who know the original languages. These would include Bible commentaries and dictionaries, as well as the unfoldingWord translationNotes, translationWords definitions, and translationQuestions with their answers.
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If you are translating from a language of wider communication, it is a good idea to have someone who has studied the original languages compare the meaning in the target language translation with the meaning in the original language to make sure that the meaning is the same. Another way to make sure that the meaning of the target language translation is accurate is to check the translation with translation helps that have been written by people who know the original languages. These would include Bible commentaries and dictionaries, as well as the unfoldingWord® Translation Notes, unfoldingWord® Translation Words definitions, and unfoldingWord® Translation Questions with their answers.
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### The Text in the Source Language may not be Accurate
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@ -17,4 +17,4 @@ Please see http://ufw.io/versioning for more details.
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### Where to Find the Latest Version
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The latest published versions of resources in the Door43 Catalog may be seen online at https://door43.org/en/?user=Door43-Catalog. The unfoldingWord English source content is also available in various formats from https://unfoldingword.bible/content/. *Note: translationCore, translationStudio and the unfoldingWord app do not always have the latest versions since updating content does not happen automatically (you may use the source content update feature in each of these apps to get the latest versions).*
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The latest published versions of resources in the Door43 Catalog may be seen online at https://door43.org/en/?user=Door43-Catalog. The unfoldingWord® English source content is also available in various formats from http://www.unfoldingword.org/content/. *Note: translationCore, translationStudio and the unfoldingWord® app do not always have the latest versions since updating content does not happen automatically (you may use the source content update feature in each of these apps to get the latest versions).*
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ How do I translate words like lion, fig tree, mountain, priest, or temple when p
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### Description
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Unknowns are things that occur in the source text that are not known to the people of your culture. The translationWords pages and the translationNotes will help you understand what they are. After you understand them, you will need to find ways to refer to those things so that people who read your translation will understand what they are.
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Unknowns are things that occur in the source text that are not known to the people of your culture. The unfoldingWord® Translation Words pages and the unfoldingWord® Translation Notes will help you understand what they are. After you understand them, you will need to find ways to refer to those things so that people who read your translation will understand what they are.
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>We have here only five loaves of <u>bread</u> and two fish (Matthew 14:17 ULT)
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Bread is a particular food made by mixing finely crushed grains with oil, and then cooking the mixture so that it is dry. (Grains are the seeds of a kind of grass.) In some cultures people do not have bread or know what it is.
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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### Description
|
||||
|
||||
In rare cases, you will see in the unfoldingWord Literal Text (ULT) or the unfoldingWord Simplified Text (UST) that two or more verse numbers are combined, such as 17-18. This is called a verse bridge. This means that the information in the verses was rearranged so that the story or message could be more easily understood.
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||||
In rare cases, you will see in the unfoldingWord® Literal Text (ULT) or the unfoldingWord® Simplified Text (UST) that two or more verse numbers are combined, such as 17-18. This is called a verse bridge. This means that the information in the verses was rearranged so that the story or message could be more easily understood.
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><sup>29</sup> These were the clans of the Horites: Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, and Anah, <sup>30</sup> Dishon, Ezer, Dishan: these are clans of the Horites, according to their clan lists in the land of Seir. (Genesis 26:29-30 ULT)
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Reference in New Issue