Merge pull request 'Fixed bad punctuation and removed unused articles' (#576) from punctuation_fix into master
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ta/pulls/576
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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ In these verses, the body of Christ represents the group of people who follow Ch
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#### A BROTHER represents a person’s relatives, associates, or peers
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> For Mordecai the Jew was second to the King Ahasuerus, and great among the Jews, and favored by the multitude of his \*\*brothers \*\* … (Esther 10:3a ULT)
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> For Mordecai the Jew was second to the King Ahasuerus, and great among the Jews, and favored by the multitude of his **brothers ** … (Esther 10:3a ULT)
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#### A DAUGHTER represents a village located near a town or city
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@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ The fact that the men said they heard a report about Yahweh shows that “becaus
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> Smoke went up from out of **his nostrils**, and blazing fire came out of his mouth. (2 Samuel 22:9a ULT)
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> Yahweh, Yahweh, God is merciful and gracious, \*\*slow to anger \*\* … (Exodus 34:6a ULT)
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> Yahweh, Yahweh, God is merciful and gracious, **slow to anger ** … (Exodus 34:6a ULT)
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In Hebrew, a hot nose represents anger, including such images as a blast of air or smoke coming from someone’s nostrils. The opposite of a “hot nose” is a “long nose.” The phrase “slow to anger” in Hebrew literally means “long of nose.” A long nose represents patience, meaning that it takes a long time for that person’s nose to get hot.
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@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness are also personified here. (See [Perso
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> But he was **cut off** from the land of the living … (Isaiah 53:8b ULT)
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#### Being CUT OFF from something means being sepa rated from it
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#### Being CUT OFF from something means being separated from it
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> Uzziah, the king, was a leper to the day of his death, and lived in a separate house, since he was a leper; for he was **cut off from the house of Yahweh.** (2 Chronicles 26:21a ULT)
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@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ Another word for “eat up” is devour.
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>
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> Will not his majesty terrify you, and the dread of him fall upon you? (Job 13:11 ULT)
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>
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> Then the Spirit of Yahweh **fell on me** and he said for me to say … (Exekiel 11:5a ULT)
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> Then the Spirit of Yahweh **fell on me** and he said for me to say … (Ezekiel 11:5a ULT)
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>
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> Now look, the hand of the Lord **is upon you**, and you will become blind. (Acts 13:11a ULT)
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@ -145,8 +145,10 @@ The mountain where God will be worshiped is viewed as his permanent possession.
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Moses asks God to still accept the people of Israel as his special possession, that is, as the people permanently belonging to him.
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> … the richness of the glory of his **inheritance** in the saints … (Ephesians 1:18b ULT) The wonderful things that God will give all who are set apart for him are viewed as their permanent possessions.
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>
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> … the richness of the glory of his **inheritance** in the saints … (Ephesians 1:18b ULT)
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The wonderful things that God will give all who are set apart for him are viewed as their permanent possessions.
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> For the promise to Abraham and to his descendants that he would be **heir** of the world did not come through the law but through the righteousness of faith. (Romans 4:13 ULT)
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The promise was that Abraham and his descendants would permanently possess the entire world.
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@ -166,7 +168,7 @@ Noah received righteousness as a permanent possession.
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#### LYING DOWN or SLEEPING means dying or being dead
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> When your days are fulfilled and you **lie down with your fathers**, I will raise up a descendant after you, (2 Samuel 7:12a ULT)
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>
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> ‘Are you really more beautiful than anyone else? Go down and **lie down** with the uncircumcised.’ They will fall among those who were killed by the sword. The sword has been drawn! She has been given to the sword; they will seize her and her multitudes. (Ezekiel 32:19-20 ULT)
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#### REIGNING or RULING means controlling
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@ -181,7 +183,7 @@ Noah received righteousness as a permanent possession.
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> Therefore I vowed in my anger that they would never enter into my **resting place**. (Psalm 95:11 ULT)
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> This is my **resting place** forever. I will live here, for I desire her \[Zion\]. (Psalm 132:14 ULT)
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> This is my **resting place** forever. I will live here, for I desire her. (Psalm 132:14 ULT)
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>
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> The nations will seek him out, and his **resting place** will be glorious. (Isaiah 11:10b ULT)
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@ -213,7 +215,7 @@ Noah received righteousness as a permanent possession.
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#### BUYING represents removing from someone’s control
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> … \[Yahweh\] **sold** \[the Israelites\] into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim, the king of Aram Naharaim. (Judges 3:8a ULT)
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> … {Yahweh} **sold** {the Israelites} into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim, the king of Aram Naharaim. (Judges 3:8a ULT)
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#### SITTING means reigning, ruling, or judging
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@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ People do not drink cups. They drink what is in the cup.
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> Then Mordecai went out from before the face of the king in a garment of royalty of blue and white, with a great crown of gold and a robe of fine linen and purple, and **the city of Susa** cheered and rejoiced. (Esther 8:15 ULT)
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>
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> So as for me, should I not feel troubled about \*\*Nineveh, the great city \*\* … (Jonah 4:11a ULT)
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> So as for me, should I not feel troubled about **Nineveh, the great city ** … (Jonah 4:11a ULT)
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#### The MEMORY OF A PERSON means \[his descendants\]
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@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ The names Gad, Asher, and Naphtali refer not only to those men, but to their des
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#### A PERSON means \[himself and the people with him\]
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> It came about that when \*\*Abram\*\* entered into Egypt, the Egyptians saw that Sarai was very beautiful. (Genesis 12:14 ULT)
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> It came about that when **Abram** entered into Egypt, the Egyptians saw that Sarai was very beautiful. (Genesis 12:14 ULT)
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Here when it says “Abram” it represents Abram and all the people traveling with him. The focus was on Abram.
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@ -22,13 +22,13 @@ Some common cultural models found in the Bible are listed below. First there are
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> The **princes** of the peoples have gathered together
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> to the people of the God of Abraham;
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> for the **shields** of the earth belong to God;
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> he is greatly \*\*exalted\*\*. (Psalm 47:8-9 ULT)
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> he is greatly **exalted**. (Psalm 47:8-9 ULT)
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#### God is modeled as a WARRIOR
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> Yahweh is a **warrior**. (Exodus 15:3a ULT)
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>
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> Yahweh will go out as a **warrior**; as a \*\*man of war\*\* he will stir up his zeal.. He will shout, yes, he will roar his **battle cries**; he will **show his enemies his power**. (Isaiah 42:13 ULT)
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> Yahweh will go out as a **warrior**; as a **man of war** he will stir up his zeal.. He will shout, yes, he will roar his **battle cries**; he will **show his enemies his power**. (Isaiah 42:13 ULT)
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> Your right hand, Yahweh, is **glorious in power**; your right hand, Yahweh, **has shattered the enemy**. (Exodus 15:6 ULT)
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@ -2,19 +2,19 @@ The normal word order for Biblical Hebrew is: **Conjunction–Verb–Subject–O
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However, there are many different reasons why a writer/speaker of Biblical Hebrew might choose a different word order. Some of the variations are important for understanding and translating the Hebrew text, and some are not. This module will briefly explain some of the most important variations in Hebrew word order and how those variations affect the meaning of the text.
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#### **Particle**–Verb–Subject–Object
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#### **Particle** – Verb–Subject–Object
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A particle is a word that has a grammatical function but does not fit into the main parts of speech (i.e. noun, verb, adverb). Particles do not change. Sometimes a particle takes the place of the conjunction. Often (but not always) in these cases, the particle is functioning as a [connecting word](../grammar-connect-words-phrases/01.md) that expresses a specific kind of logical relationship between the chunk before the particle and the chunk after the particle. NOTE: this rule does not apply to negative particles or temporal particles.
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#### Conjunction–**Subject**–Verb–Object
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#### Conjunction – **Subject**–Verb–Object
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Often the subject of a sentence appears before the verb instead of after it. Many of these instances have very little impact on the meaning of a sentence or paragraph. However, sometimes a writer/speaker puts the subject first in order to [begin a new story or event](../writing-newevent/01.md), to [give background information](../writing-background/01.md), to [introduce a new participant (or re-introduce an old participant)](../writing-participants/01.md), or to [end a story](../writing-endofstory/01.md).
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#### \[Conjunction\]–**Temporal phrase**–Verb–Subject–Object
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#### Conjunction – **Temporal phrase**–Verb–Subject–Object
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A temporal phrase is made of words that tell when something happens, how long it happens or how often it happens. When a temporal phrase appears before the verb, often (but not always) the temporal phrase [introduces a new story or event](../writing-newevent/01.md) within the narrative. Sometimes a conjunction appears before the temporal phrase, and sometimes not.
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#### Conjunction–**any other part of speech**–Verb–Subject–Object
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#### Conjunction – **any other part of speech**–Verb–Subject–Object
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When another part of speech (other than a temporal phrase or negative particle) appears before the verb, usually (but not always) it is because the writer/speaker is emphasizing that particular item as the most important information in the sentence.
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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ If the way that Exceptional Clauses are marked in the source language is also cl
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(1) Very often, the exception in Part 2 contradicts something that was negated in Part 1. In this case, the translator can phrase the same idea without the contradiction by deleting the negative and using a word like “**only**.”
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> David attacked them from the twilight to the evening of the next day. \*\*Not a man escaped except for 400 young men\*\*, who rode on camels and fled. (1 Samuel 30:17 ULT)
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> David attacked them from the twilight to the evening of the next day. **Not a man escaped except for 400 young men**, who rode on camels and fled. (1 Samuel 30:17 ULT)
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* Part 1: (**Not** a man escaped)
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* Part 2: (**except for** 400 young men)
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@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ If the way that Exceptional Clauses are marked in the source language is also cl
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> But if you will not redeem it, then tell me so that I may know, for there is **no one** to redeem it **besides** you, and I am after you. (Ruth 4:4 ULT)
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> > But if you will not redeem it, then tell me so that I may know, for **you are first in line to redeem it \[only you can redeem it\]**, and I am after you.
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> > But if you will not redeem it, then tell me so that I may know, for **you are first in line to redeem it {only you can redeem it}**, and I am after you.
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> The man said, “Let me go, for the dawn is breaking.” Jacob said, “I will **not** let you go **unless** you bless me.” (Genesis 32:26 ULT)
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> > The man said, “Let me go, for the dawn is breaking.” Jacob said, “I will let you go **only if** you bless me.”
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@ -50,6 +50,6 @@ If your language uses contrast relationships in the same way as in the text, the
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(3) If your language shows a contrast relationship in a different way, then use that way.
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> \[David\] found favor in the sight of God, and he asked if he might find a dwelling place for the house of Jacob. **However**, Solomon built the house for him. **But** the Most High does not live in houses made with hands. (Acts 7:46-48a ULT)
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> {David} found favor in the sight of God, and he asked if he might find a dwelling place for the house of Jacob. **However**, Solomon built the house for him. **But** the Most High does not live in houses made with hands. (Acts 7:46-48a ULT)
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> > \[David\] found favor in the sight of God, and he asked if he might find a dwelling place for the house of Jacob. **But** it was, Solomon, **not David**, who built the house for God. **Even though Solomon built him a house**, the Most High does not live in houses made with hands.
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@ -36,6 +36,6 @@ Each person of God is fully God and is called “God” in the Bible.
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Each person is also distinct from the other two persons. All three persons can appear separately at the same time. In the verses below, God the Son is baptized while God the Spirit comes down and God the Father speaks from heaven.
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> After he was baptized, **Jesus** came up … from the water … He saw the **Spirit** of God coming down … and a **voice** \[the Father’s\] came out of the heavens saying, “This is my beloved **Son** …” (Matthew 3:16-17 ULT)
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> After he was baptized, **Jesus** came up … from the water … He saw the **Spirit** of God coming down … and a **voice** { of the Father} came out of the heavens saying, “This is my beloved **Son** …” (Matthew 3:16-17 ULT)
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> As Christians, we must always remember that, since we are humans and do not have the mind of God, we cannot fully understand how all three persons of the Holy Trinity are fully God, and yet God is only one being. The Holy Trinity is a divine mystery that we confess by faith, based on the witness of God’s inspired Word.
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@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ The terms “Father” and “Son” also communicate that the Father and the So
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> Jesus said, “Father, … glorify your Son so that the Son will glorify you … I glorified you on the earth … Now Father, glorify me … with the glory that **I had with you before the world was made**.” (John 17:1, 4a, 5 ULT)
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> But in these last days, he \[God the Father\] has spoken to us through a Son, whom he appointed to be the heir of all things. Through him, he also made the universe. He is the brightness of God’s glory and **the very exact representation of his being**. He holds everything together by the word of his power. (Hebrews 1:2-3a ULT)
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> But in these last days, {God the Father} has spoken to us through a Son, whom he appointed to be the heir of all things. Through him, he also made the universe. He is the brightness of God’s glory and **the very exact representation of his being**. He holds everything together by the word of his power. (Hebrews 1:2-3a ULT)
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> Jesus said to him, “I have been with you for so long and you still do not know me, Philip? **Whoever has seen me has seen the Father**. How can you say, ‘Show us the Father’?” (John 14:9 ULT)
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@ -30,11 +30,11 @@
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**Source Language** — The language from which the translation is being made.
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**Source Text**\- The text from which the translation is being made.
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**Source Text** — The text from which the translation is being made.
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**Target Language** — The language into which a translation is being made.
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**Target Text**- The text being made by the translator as he or she translates the meaning from the source text.
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**Target Text** — The text being made by the translator as he or she translates the meaning from the source text.
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**Original Language** — The language in which a Bible text was initially written. The original language of the New Testament is Greek. The original language of most of the Old Testament is Hebrew. However, the original language of some parts of Daniel and Ezra is Aramaic. The original language is always the most accurate language from which to translate a passage.
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