From f244d88e2c6fe0c2be86c3b165ab07f5413e5a1d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ILindsley Date: Tue, 12 Dec 2023 11:56:31 -0500 Subject: [PATCH] Translation Training Module EJ 6.09 Translation Training Module EJ 6.09 --- 06 Mission/EJ-6.09-Acts-6.1-8.4.md | 60 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++---- 1 file changed, 52 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/06 Mission/EJ-6.09-Acts-6.1-8.4.md b/06 Mission/EJ-6.09-Acts-6.1-8.4.md index f385803..abc40ab 100644 --- a/06 Mission/EJ-6.09-Acts-6.1-8.4.md +++ b/06 Mission/EJ-6.09-Acts-6.1-8.4.md @@ -603,35 +603,79 @@ Retell this story in your own words (i.e., orally, dramatization, or written/cra -### Grammar and Translation Training: Extended Biblical Imagery -*Use the following exercise to learn about a specific grammar issue and its importance to understand the meaning of a text. This exercise will also help you develop skills to translate this issue accurately and naturally in your own language. If you need additional help on this translation topic, please reference [translationAcademy](https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/v24/03-translate.html#figs-exmetaphor).* +### Grammar and Translation Training: Euphemism +*Use the following exercise to learn about a specific grammar issue and its importance in understanding the meaning of a text. This exercise will also help you develop skills to translate this issue accurately and naturally in your own language. If you need additional help on this translation topic, please reference [translationAcademy](https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/master/03-translate.html#figs-euphemism).* + +**Note:** *The Euphemism translation training module was already discussed in EJ 2.08. However, the following module goes a bit deeper than those treatments, providing additional information in several areas. Also, the **examples in biblical passages** and **connecting language and theology** sections are new in this translation training module.* #### Explanation of Translation Issue *Read (or listen) to the explanation of the translation issue. As a community, discuss your understanding of this translation issue and its importance for translating the text.* +A euphemism is a mild or polite way of referring to something unpleasant, embarrassing, or socially unacceptable, such as death or activities usually done in private. Euphemisms can help make difficult or uncomfortable conversations more manageable, but they can also obscure the truth or avoid dealing with difficult issues directly. -#### Examples in Biblical Passages +> … they found Saul and his sons **fallen** on Mount Gilboa. (1 Chronicles 10:8b ULT) + +This means that Saul and his sons “were dead.” It is a euphemism because the important thing was not that Saul and his sons had fallen but that they were dead. Sometimes people do not like to speak directly about death because it is unpleasant. + +#### Examples in Biblical Passages *Read (or listen) to the passages below. Use the explanation above to complete the following activity.* +Review the explanation of euphemism above. Identify the euphemisms within each passage. To make things easier, the euphemisms have been placed in bold. Describe the unpleasant, embarrassing, or socially unacceptable concept which the euphemism makes acceptable. Discuss how these euphemisms contribute to the meaning of each passage. + +**Passage 1**: Isaiah 8:3 + +> 3 I **went to** the prophetess, and she conceived and bore a son + +**Passage 2**: Philippians 1:22-23 + +> 22 But if I am to live in the flesh, that means fruitful labor for me. Yet which to choose? I do not know. 23 For I am hard pressed between the two. My desire is **to depart** and be with Christ, which is far better, 24 yet to remain in the flesh is more necessary for your sake. + +**Passage 3**: Philippians 4:33 + +> 13 We do not want you to be uninformed, brothers, about those who **sleep**, so that you do not grieve like the rest who do not have hope. + +**Passage 4**: James 1:9-11 + +> 9 Let the poor brother boast of his high position, 10 but the rich man of his low position, because he will **pass away** as a wild flower in the grass. 11 For the sun rises with burning heat and dries up the grass. The flower falls off, and its beauty perishes. #### Discovery of Your Own Language -*Now that you understand the basics of this language issue, discuss if your language works in this specific way. Then, talk about different ways you can communicate in this way using your language. Provide some examples below.* +*Now that you understand the basics of this language issue, discuss if your language works in this specific way. Then, talk about different ways. + +1. Does your language use euphemisms to refer to something unpleasant, embarrassing, or socially unacceptable? *Discuss if people in your language can use euphemisms in a natural way.* +2. How can you use your language to communicate in a similar way? *Discuss how speakers in your language can use words to explain unpleasant, embarrassing, or socially unacceptable things.* #### Connecting Language and Theology *The study of language helps us understand theology. As a community, complete the following exercise to understand how this particular language concept teaches us more about the Christian faith.* +Euphemisms used in the Bible often reflect the cultural and societal norms of the time. Understanding these expressions helps in grasping the historical and cultural context in which the texts were written. Euphemisms can significantly impact the understanding of theological concepts. For instance, euphemistic expressions of God's actions or human sin can influence how these concepts are perceived and understood. Many euphemisms may not be immediately apparent to modern readers or might be misunderstood due to differences in language and culture. Recognizing these euphemisms will lead to a more accurate interpretation and translation of the text. + +Consider the euphemism in bold in the passage below. Note what it refers to that is unpleasant, embarrassing, or socially unacceptable. Explore how the meaning of that euphemism contributes to the meaning of the passage. Discuss what this passage teaches about the bold/sacrificial teaching and preaching of the gospel in the face of persecution. + +#### Acts 21:27-36 +27 When the seven days were almost finished, some Jews from Asia, seeing Paul in the temple, stirred up the whole crowd, and laid hands on him. 28 They were shouting, "Men of Israel, help us. This is the man who teaches all men everywhere things that are against the people, the law, and this place. Besides, he has also brought Greeks into the temple and has defiled this holy place." 29 For they had previously seen Trophimus the Ephesian with him in the city, and they thought that Paul had brought him into the temple. 30 All the city was excited, and the people ran together and laid hold of Paul. They dragged him out of the temple, and the doors were immediately shut. 31 As they were trying to kill him, news came up to the chief captain of the guard that all Jerusalem was in an uproar. 32 Right away he took soldiers and centurions and ran down to the crowd. When the people saw the chief captain and the soldiers, they stopped beating Paul. 33 Then the chief captain approached and laid hold of Paul, and commanded him to be bound with two chains. Then he asked who he was and what he had done. 34 Some in the crowd were shouting one thing and others another. Since the captain could not tell anything because of all the noise, he ordered that Paul be brought into the fortress. 35 When he came to the steps, he was carried by the soldiers because of the crowd's violence. 36 For the crowd of people followed after and kept shouting out, "**Away with him!**" + #### Translation Suggestions -*The following list provides some translation suggestions. Read (or listen) to these suggestions and discuss how your community will address this translation issue in your own language.* +*The following list provides some translation suggestions. Read (or listen) to these suggestions and discuss how your community will address this translation issue in your own language.* + +Different languages use different euphemisms. If the target language does not use the same euphemism as in the source language, readers may not understand what it means and think that the writer means only what the words literally say. Here are some translation suggestions: + +1. Use a euphemism from your own culture. +2. State the information plainly without a euphemism if it would not be offensive. #### Exploring Translation Further -*If you need further help understanding this language topic, refer to the article in [translationAcademy](https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/v24/03-translate.html#figs-exmetaphor). Use this resource to strengthen your grasp of this translation issue.* +*If you need further help understanding this language topic, refer to the article in [translationAcademy](https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/master/03-translate.html#figs-euphemism). Use this resource to strengthen your grasp of this translation issue.* #### Summary of Learning *At this point, you have explored an important feature of language and how this will help you translate more accurately and naturally. Summarize this language concept in your own words. Then compare what you wrote to the explanation above.* -#### Application to the Biblical Text -*Now that you better understand this language concept, apply what you learned to the biblical text.* +An euphemism is... +These are some ways that we will translate euphemisms in our own language... + +#### Application to the Biblical Text +*Now that you understand this language concept better, apply what you learned to the biblical text.* + +Acts 6:1-8:4 records the death of the first Christian martyr. Stephen's bold proclamation of the gospel, followed by his violent death, illustrates the sacrifice often required to share God's word with the lost. Although the euphemism in 7:60 softens the language of Stephen's death, the description of his stoning clearly conveys the cost of discipleship to which all followers of Christ are called. Discuss the euphemism in Acts 7:60. Explore its contribution to the passage's meaning. Apply the principles in this training to clearly, accurately, and naturally translate the euphemisms in Acts 6:1-8:4.