See in Reader
Made Simplification and Grammatical Changes (Stories 7-12; Batch 2/2)
Simplified sentences, corrected punctuation, rephrased sentences, to improve readability, and to aid in the translation process.
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@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ scripture: Genesis 4:1-26
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## Session Overview
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### Passage Preview
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The Genesis 4 narrative records the spread of sin from the Garden of Eden to human society. The passage connects the root sins of ingratitude and dishonorable worship (4:1-7) to the more heinous sin of murdering one's own brother (4:8). The infection spreads from Cain to his descendants (4:17-24), who form the first human societies, and gradually intensifies from each generation to the next (4:23-24). Yet, the hope of God's promise (3:15) is remembered once again, as the line of Seth begins to call upon the name of the Lord (4:25-26).
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The Genesis 4 narrative records the spread of sin from the Garden of Eden to human society. The passage connects the root sins of ingratitude and dishonorable worship (4:1-7) to the more heinous sin of murdering one's brother (4:8). The infection spreads from Cain to his descendants (4:17-24), who form the first human societies, and gradually intensifies from each generation to the next (4:23-24). Yet, the hope of God's promise (3:15) is remembered once again, as the line of Seth begins to call upon the name of the Lord (4:25-26).
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**Key Idea:** The Cain and Abel narrative teaches us that those who devalue God will eventually devalue human life as well.
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**Key Idea:** The Cain and Abel narrative teaches us that those who devalue God will eventually devalue human life.
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### Core Objectives
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In the following session, you will...
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@ -41,80 +41,80 @@ A Godless Society: Grasping the Consequences of Unchecked Sin on Human Society (
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A Godly Remnant: Thanking God for His Plan to Restore Human Society (4:25-26)
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### Important Themes
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**Proper and Improper Worship:** This passage teaches us about proper and improper worship. The way we worship God often reveals what place he holds in our lives. Cain's half-hearted offering revealed his low view of God, while Abel's firstborn offering showed God was first in his life. As the creator of all things, God deserves our very best. We owe him our gratitude and worship from a pure heart. When humans honor God half-heartedly and do not value him as they should, it sinfully skews their perspective on all other things.
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**Proper and Improper Worship:** This passage teaches us about proper and improper worship. How we worship God often reveals his place in our lives. Cain's half-hearted offering revealed his low view of God, while Abel's firstborn offering showed God was first in his life. As the creator of all things, God deserves our very best. We owe him our gratitude and worship from a pure heart. When humans honor God half-heartedly and do not value him as they should, it sinfully skews their perspective on all other things.
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**Sinful Emotions:** This passage teaches us that sinful ideas, feelings, and emotions lead to sinful actions if left unchecked. God warned Cain to control his sinful emotions. But Cain failed to heed God's warning. Left unchecked, Cain's jealousy transformed to rage, and his rage soon blossomed into murder. God cares about what people think, not just what they do. Humans must honor him with their thoughts, feelings, and actions.
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**Sinful Emotions:** This passage teaches us that sinful ideas, feelings, and emotions lead to sinful actions if left unchecked. God warned Cain to control his sinful emotions. But Cain failed to heed God's warning. Left unchecked, Cain's jealousy transformed into rage, and his rage soon blossomed into murder. God cares about what people think, not just what they do. Humans must honor him with their thoughts, feelings, and actions.
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**The Devaluing of Human Life:** This passage teaches that devaluing God can lead to devaluing human beings. Cain's low view of God, combined with his jealously and rage, led him to devalue Abel's life. Abel became the object of Cain's hatred, a thing Cain needed to remove. Unfortunately, this low view of life did not end with Cain's death. It was passed on to his children and descendants. All human life is precious to God. It should be precious to his followers as well.
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**The Devaluing of Human Life:** This passage teaches that devaluing God can lead to devaluing human beings. Cain's low view of God and his jealousy and rage led him to devalue Abel's life. Abel became the object of Cain's hatred, a thing Cain needed to remove. Unfortunately, this low view of life did not end with Cain's death. It was passed on to his children and descendants. All human life is precious to God. It should be precious to his followers as well.
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**Broken Society:** This passage teaches us that broken people, and broken families, inevitably lead to broken societies. Cain's low view of God and man infected his descendants. Lamech's poem illustrates this point. Cain's line shaped and advanced human technology, art, and culture. Yet that same line advanced sin's power and increased its scope as well. Through the power of Christ, God will one day redeem human society. Jealousy, rage, and murder will be no more.
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**Broken Society:** This passage teaches us that broken people and families inevitably lead to broken societies. Cain's low view of God and man infected his descendants. Lamech's poem illustrates this point. Cain's lineage shaped and advanced human technology, art, and culture. Yet that same line also advanced sin's power and increased its scope. Through the power of Christ, God will one day redeem human society. Jealousy, rage, and murder will be no more.
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### Passage Translation
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4:1 The man slept with Eve his wife.[^1] She conceived and gave birth to Cain. She said, "I have produced a man with Yahweh's help."[^2] 2 Then she gave birth to his brother Abel.[^3] Now Abel became a shepherd, but Cain cultivated the soil. 3 It came about that[^4] in the course of time[^5] Cain brought some of the fruit of the ground as an offering to Yahweh.[^6] 4 As for Abel, he brought some of the firstborn of his flock and some of the fat.[^7] Yahweh accepted Abel and his offering,[^8] 5 but Cain and his offering he did not accept.[^9] So Cain was very angry, and he scowled.[^10] 6 Yahweh said to Cain, "Why are you angry and why are you scowling?[^11] 7 If you do what is right, will you not be accepted?[^12] But if you do not do what is right, sin crouches at the door and desires to control you,[^13] but you must rule over it."[^14]
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[^1]: **4:1** **The man slept with Eve his wife** (**L**: *The man knew Eve his wife* | **S**: *Adam slept with his wife Eve*) After being banished from the Garden, Adam had sex with his wife, Eve. The phrase **slept with** is an idiom that means Adam had sexual relations with his wife. It is a euphemism that softens an uncomfortable topic within a culture. Despite Adam and Eve's sin, God graciously allows them to multiply. God graciously allows human life to flourish despite mankind's sin and the curse it brought on the world. Translate **The man slept with Eve his wife** to mean Adam had sexual relations with his wife, Eve.
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[^1]: **4:1** **The man slept with Eve his wife** (**L**: *The man knew Eve his wife* | **S**: *Adam slept with his wife Eve*). After being banished from the Garden, Adam had sex with his wife, Eve. The phrase **slept with** is an idiom that means Adam had sexual relations with his wife. It is a euphemism that softens an uncomfortable topic within a culture. Despite Adam and Eve's sin, God graciously allows them to multiply. God graciously allows human life to flourish despite mankind's sin and the curse it brought on the world. Translate **The man slept with Eve his wife** to mean Adam had sexual relations with his wife, Eve.
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[^2]: **4:1** **I have produced a man with Yahweh's help** (**L**: *I have produced a man with Yahweh's help.* | **S**: *“By Yahweh’s help I have produced a son*) Eve gave birth to a son. Adam and Eve named their first son Cain. The phrase **produced a man** means that Eve became pregnant and gave birth to a boy. The phrase **with Yahweh's help** means that Eve's pregnancy and successful birth was ultimately caused by God. God is the author of all life. No life comes to be without his help. Because God is the source of all life, all life has great value and worth. Translate **I have produced a man with Yahweh's help** to mean Eve gave birth to a son because God graciously allowed it.
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[^2]: **4:1** **I have produced a man with Yahweh's help** (**L**: *I have produced a man with Yahweh's help.* | **S**: *“By Yahweh’s help I have produced a son*) Eve gave birth to a son. Adam and Eve named their first son Cain. The phrase **produced a man** means Eve became pregnant and gave birth to a boy. The phrase **with Yahweh's help** means that God ultimately caused Eve's pregnancy and successful birth. God is the author of all life. No life comes to be without his help. Because God is the source of all life, all life has great value and worth. Translate **I have produced a man with Yahweh's help** to mean Eve gave birth to a son because God graciously allowed it.
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[^3]: **4:2** **Then she gave birth to his brother Abel** (**L**: *Then she gave birth to his brother Abel* | **S**: *Some time later she gave birth to another son, and she named him Abel*) Eve gave birth to a second son. Adam and Eve named their second son Abel. We do not know how much time passed between the birth of Cain and his younger brother Abel. Despite their sin, God graciously allowed Adam and Eve to be fruitful and multiply. God is merciful and good, even though we don't deserve it. Translate **Then she gave birth to his brother Abel** to mean Eve gave birth to Cain's younger brother, who they named Abel.
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[^3]: **4:2** **Then she gave birth to his brother Abel** (**L**: *Then she gave birth to his brother Abel* | **S**: *Some time later she gave birth to another son, and she named him Abel*) Eve gave birth to a second son. Adam and Eve named their second son Abel. We do not know how much time has passed between the birth of Cain and his younger brother Abel. Despite their sin, God graciously allowed Adam and Eve to be fruitful and multiply. God is merciful and good, even though we don't deserve it. Translate **Then she gave birth to his brother Abel** to mean Eve gave birth to Cain's younger brother, who they named Abel.
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[^4]: **4:3** **It came about that** (**L**: *It came about that* | **S**: *One day it happened that*) This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using that method here. Translate **It came about that** using a form in your language which marks the beginning of a new part of a story.
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[^4]: **4:3** **It came about that** (**L**: *It came about that* | **S**: *One day it happened that*) This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language can do this, you could consider using that method here. Translate **It came about that** using a form in your language, which marks the beginning of a new part of a story.
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[^5]: **4:3** **in the course of time** (**L**: *in the course of time* | **S**: *One day it happened that*) After some time transpired, and the boys grew up, Cain and Abel began offering sacrifices to the Lord. The Bible doesn't indicate how much time passed since the boys' birth, nor does it say if this was the first time this was done. We only know that after some time had passed, the brothers offered these gifts to Yahweh. Perhaps Adam taught his sons this tradition. Translate **in the course of time** to mean after some time had passed, Cain made an offering to Yahweh.
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[^6]: **4:3** **the fruit of the ground as an offering to Yahweh** (**L**: *the fruit of the ground as an offering to Yahweh* | **S**: * some of the crops he had grown and brought them to Yahweh as a gift for him*) Cain was a farmer. He offered God a portion of his harvest. The phrase **fruit of the ground** refers to some crops that Cain harvested from the soil. The phrase **as an offering to Yahweh** refers to the function of these crops. They were presented to Yahweh as a gift. During the time of Cain and Abel, offering gifts to the Lord was one way of giving thanks. God deserves our gratitude as the creator of all things. He is also the giver and sustainer of all life. Translate **the fruit of the ground as an offering to Yahweh** to mean some crops that Cain harvested from the soil and offered Yahweh as a gift.
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[^7]: **4:4** **some of the fat* (**L**: *some of the fat* | **S**: *the fatty parts*) Abel was a shepherd. He offered God some of the firstborn of his flock and also some of their fat. The phrase **some of the fat** refers to the fatty parts of the lambs that Abel had killed. It was the best part of the animal. This, and Abel's decision to offer the firstborn of his flock, showed the high view Abel had of God. Giving our best to God is one way to show he is first place in our lives. All followers of God should give him their best. Translate **some of the fat** to mean the fatty parts of the lambs that Abel had killed.
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[^7]: **4:4** **some of the fat* (**L**: *some of the fat* | **S**: *the fatty parts*) Abel was a shepherd. He offered God some of the firstborns of his flock and also some of their fat. The phrase **some of the fat** refers to the fatty parts of the lambs that Abel had killed. It was the best part of the animal. This, and Abel's decision to offer the firstborn of his flock, showed the high view Abel had of God. Giving our best to God is one way to show he is first place in our lives. All followers of God should give him their best. Translate **some of the fat** to mean the fatty parts of the lambs that Abel had killed.
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[^8]: **4:4** **Yahweh accepted Abel and his offering** (**L**: *Yahweh accepted Abel and his offering* | **S**: *Yahweh was pleased with Abel and his offering*) God was pleased with Abel's offering. The word **accepted** means to look favorably upon, or to be pleased with. Abel's decision to give the best of his flock showed the high value he placed on God. God was first in his life, so he gave God the best of his flock. God cares more about the condition of our hearts than the things we do in his name. God cares about both what we do and why. Translate **Yahweh accepted Abel and his offering** to mean Yahweh was pleased with Abel's offering.
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[^8]: **4:4** **Yahweh accepted Abel and his offering** (**L**: *Yahweh accepted Abel and his offering* | **S**: *Yahweh was pleased with Abel and his offering*). God was pleased with Abel's offering. The word **accepted** means to look favorably upon or to be pleased with. Abel's decision to give the best of his flock showed the high value he placed on God. God was first in his life, so he gave God the best of his flock. God cares more about the condition of our hearts than the things we do in his name. God cares about both what we do and why. Translate **Yahweh accepted Abel and his offering** to mean Yahweh was pleased with Abel's offering.
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[^9]: **4:5** **but Cain and his offering he did not accept** (**L**: *but Cain and his offering he did not accept* | **S**: *but he was not pleased with Cain and his offering*) Although the Lord was pleased with Abel's offering, he was not pleased with Cain's. The phrase **did not accept** means the Lord was not pleased with Cain's offering. Abel offered the firstborn of his flock. He offered their best fat portions as well. Cain should have offered the best of his harvest. Cain's actions are a window into his heart. They indicate a low view of God. Translate **but Cain and his offering he did not accept** to mean God was not pleased with Cain's offering.
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[^10]: **4:5** **Cain was very angry, and he scowled** (**L**: *Cain was very angry, and he scowled* | **S**: * Cain became very angry, and his expression became unpleasant*) God's decision made Cain very upset. The look on his face revealed this emotion. The clause **he scowled** means that Cain's face changed to a sad or angry look, because God rejected his offering yet accepted his younger brother's. This caused Cain to be jealous of his brother, and that jealousy soon changed to anger. When we allow negative, often sinful emotions to fester, they often grow worse with time. Our thoughts and emotions should honor God just like our actions. Translate **Cain was very angry, and he scowled** to mean Cain became very angry and his facial expression showed that anger.
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[^10]: **4:5** **Cain was very angry, and he scowled** (**L**: *Cain was very angry, and he scowled* | **S**: * Cain became very angry, and his expression became unpleasant*) God's decision made Cain very upset. The look on his face revealed this emotion. The clause **he scowled** means that Cain's face changed to a sad or angry look because God rejected his offering yet accepted his younger brother's. This caused Cain to be jealous of his brother, and that jealousy soon changed to anger. When we allow negative, often sinful emotions to fester, they worsen with time. Our thoughts and emotions should honor God just like our actions. Translate **Cain was very angry, and he scowled** to mean Cain became very angry, and his facial expression showed that anger.
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[^11]: **4:6** **Why are you angry and why are you scowling?** (**L**: *Why are you angry and why are you scowling?* | **S**: *You should not be angry! You should not scowl like that!*) God asked Cain why he was angry, and why his face was showing that emotion. However, God already knew the answers to these questions. Being God, there is nothing he does not know. God asked Cain these *rhetorical* questions to discipline him, and to give him a chance to repent. The rhetorical questions **"Why are you angry and why are you scowling?"** mean "You should not be angry! You should not scowl like that." When God corrects our sinful thoughts, values, or actions, the correct response is gratitude and repentance. God's discipline is one of the ways he shows us his love. Translate **Why are you angry and why are you scowling?** to mean You should not be angry! You should not scowl like that, possibly using a rhetorical question in your language.
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[^11]: **4:6** **Why are you angry and why are you scowling?** (**L**: *Why are you angry and why are you scowling?* | **S**: *You should not be angry! You should not scowl like that!*) God asked Cain why he was angry and why his face was showing that emotion. However, God already knew the answers to these questions. Being God, there is nothing he does not know. God asked Cain these *rhetorical* questions to discipline him and to give him a chance to repent. The rhetorical questions **"Why are you angry and why are you scowling?"** mean "You should not be angry! You should not scowl like that." When God corrects our sinful thoughts, values, or actions, the correct response is gratitude and repentance. God's discipline is one of the ways he shows us his love. Translate **Why are you angry and why are you scowling?** to mean You should not be angry! You should not scowl like that, possibly using a rhetorical question in your language.
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[^12]: **4:7** **If you do what is right, will you not be accepted?** (**L**: *If you do what is right, will you not be accepted?* | **S**: *If you do what is right, I will accept you.*) God asked Cain what would happen in the future if he did the right thing. This is another rhetorical question. **If you do what is right, will you not be accepted?** is another way of saying, "if you do the right thing, I will accept you." God used this rhetorical question to remind Cain of something Cain should have already known. God acknowledges and accepts that which is good, but never condones or accepts that which is evil. Translate **If you do what is right, will you not be accepted?** to mean if you do the right thing, I will accept you.
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[^12]: **4:7** **If you do what is right, will you not be accepted?** (**L**: *If you do what is right, will you not be accepted?* | **S**: *If you do what is right, I will accept you.*) God asked Cain what would happen in the future if he did the right thing. This is another rhetorical question. **If you do what is right, will you not be accepted?** is another way of saying, "If you do the right thing, I will accept you." God used this rhetorical question to remind Cain of something Cain should have already known. God acknowledges and accepts that which is good but never condones or accepts that which is evil. Translate **If you do what is right, will you not be accepted?** to mean if you do the right thing, I will accept you.
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[^13]: **4:7** **sin crouches at the door and desires to control you** (**L**: *sin crouches at the door and desires to control you* | **S**: *the evil that you want to do will devour you, like a lion waiting outside your door to attack you*) God warned Cain that sin wanted to control and consume him. God did this using personification: a figure of speech ascribing human behavior to non-living objects or animals. The clause **sin crouches at the door** refers to the immediacy of sin's danger. The phrase **desires to control you** refers to the full control sin will soon have if left unchecked. God graciously warns us of the dangers of sin, so that we'll turn from it and run back to him. How we respond to God's warnings is entirely up to us. Possibly using personification, translate **sin crouches at the door and desires to control you** to mean if you allow your sinful emotions to remain and grow worse, they will lead you to commit even greater sin.
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[^13]: **4:7** **sin crouches at the door and desires to control you** (**L**: *sin crouches at the door and desires to control you* | **S**: *the evil that you want to do will devour you, like a lion waiting outside your door to attack you*) God warned Cain that sin wanted to control and consume him. God did this using personification: a figure of speech ascribing human behavior to non-living objects or animals. The clause **sin crouches at the door** refers to the immediacy of sin's danger. The phrase **desires to control you** refers to the total control sin will soon have if left unchecked. God graciously warns us of the dangers of sin so that we'll turn from it and run back to him. How we respond to God's warnings is entirely up to us. Possibly using personification, translate **sin crouches at the door and desires to control you** to mean if you allow your sinful emotions to remain and grow worse, they will lead you to commit even greater sin.
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[^14]: **4:7** **you must rule over it** (**L**: *you must rule over it* | **S**: *you must control it*) God told Cain that he **must rule over** the sin in his heart. God personified sin as a person that Cain must subjugate or an animal that Cain must tame. **You must rule over it** is another way of saying you must control the sin in your heart. God wanted Cain to repent of his jealousy and anger, well before these feelings grew worse. Through the power of the Holy Spirit, believers too must put to death sinful attitudes, ideas, and emotions. We must do this before they become actions that may harm others. Translate **you must rule over it** to mean you must control the sinful emotions growing within you.
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[^14]: **4:7** **you must rule over it** (**L**: *you must rule over it* | **S**: *you must control it*). God told Cain that he **must rule over** the sin in his heart. God personified sin as a person that Cain must subjugate or an animal that Cain must tame. **You must rule over it** is another way of saying you must control the sin in your heart. God wanted Cain to repent of his jealousy and anger before these feelings worsened. Through the power of the Holy Spirit, believers, too, must put sinful attitudes, ideas, and emotions to death. We must do this before they become actions that may harm others. Translate **you must rule over it** to mean you must control the sinful emotions growing within you.
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8 Cain spoke to Abel his brother.[^15] It came about that while they were in the fields, Cain rose up against Abel his brother and killed him.[^16] 9 Then Yahweh said to Cain, "Where is Abel your brother?"[^17] He said, "I do not know. Am I my brother's keeper?"[^18] 10 Yahweh said, "What have you done?[^19] Your brother's blood is calling out to me from the ground.[^20] 11 Now cursed are you from the ground,[^21] which has opened its mouth to receive your brother's blood from your hand.[^22] 12 When you cultivate the ground, from now on it will not yield to you its strength.[^23] A fugitive and a wanderer you will be in the earth."[^24] 13 Cain said to Yahweh, "My punishment is greater than I can bear.[^25] 14 Indeed, you have driven me out this day from this ground, and I will be hidden from your face.[^26] I will be a fugitive and a wanderer in the earth,[^27] and whoever finds me will kill me."[^28] 15 Yahweh said to him, "If anyone kills Cain, vengeance will be taken on him sevenfold."[^29] Then Yahweh put a mark on Cain, so that if anyone found him, that person would not attack him. 16 So Cain went out from the presence of Yahweh[^30] and lived in the land of Nod, on the east of Eden.
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[^15]: **4:8** **Cain spoke to Abel his brother** (**L**: *Cain spoke to Abel his brother* | **S**: *Cain said to his younger brother Abel, “Come with me to the fields.”*) Sometime after God's conversation with Cain, Cain spoke to his younger brother and suggested they go out into the fields. This information is implied. The text does not explicitly state what Cain said to his brother. But the following verse makes it clear that **Cain spoke to Abel his brother** and said "Come with me to the fields." Cain failed to heed God's warning. His jealousy and anger have now turned into murderous intent. When we fail to get sin under control, with time it begins to control us. We eventually become slaves to our sin. Translate **Cain spoke to Abel his brother** to mean Cain said to his younger brother Abel, “Come with me to the fields.”
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[^15]: **4:8** **Cain spoke to Abel his brother** (**L**: *Cain spoke to Abel his brother* | **S**: *Cain said to his younger brother Abel, “Come with me to the fields.”*) Sometime after God's conversation with Cain, Cain spoke to his younger brother and suggested they go out into the fields. This information is implied. The text does not explicitly state what Cain said to his brother. But the following verse makes it clear that **Cain spoke to Abel his brother**, and said, "Come with me to the fields." Cain failed to heed God's warning. His jealousy and anger have now turned into murderous intent. When we fail to get sin under control, it begins to control us with time. We eventually become enslaved to our sin. Translate **Cain spoke to Abel his brother** to mean Cain said to his younger brother Abel, “Come with me to the fields.”
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[^16]: **4:8** **Cain rose up against Abel his brother and killed him** (**L**: *Cain rose up against Abel his brother and killed him* | **S**: *suddenly Cain attacked his brother Abel and killed him*) When Cain and Abel arrived in the fields, Cain attacked and killed his brother. The phrase **rose up against** means to attack. Cain planned his brother's murder in his mind and then carried it out in the fields. This sequence connects the devaluing of God and the devaluing of human life. Cain's empty worship led to jealousy, anger, rage, evil planning, and finally murder. If we fail to heed God's warnings, we will find ourselves on similar paths of sin. We must rule over it, through the power of the indwelling Holy Spirit. Translate **Cain rose up against Abel his brother** to mean Cain attacked his brother Abel and killed him.
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[^16]: **4:8** **Cain rose up against Abel his brother and killed him** (**L**: *Cain rose up against Abel his brother and killed him* | **S**: *suddenly Cain attacked his brother Abel and killed him*). When Cain and Abel arrived in the fields, Cain attacked and killed his brother. The phrase **rose up against** means to attack. Cain planned his brother's murder in his mind and then carried it out in the fields. This sequence connects the devaluing of God and the devaluing of human life. Cain's empty worship led to jealousy, anger, rage, evil planning, and finally, murder. If we fail to heed God's warnings, we will find ourselves on similar paths of sin. We must rule over it through the power of the indwelling Holy Spirit. Translate **Cain rose up against Abel his brother** to mean Cain attacked his brother Abel and killed him.
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[^17]: **4:9** **Then Yahweh said to Cain, "Where is Abel your brother?** (**L**: *Then Yahweh said to Cain, "Where is Abel your brother?* | **S**: *Then, even though Yahweh knew what Cain had done, he said to Cain, “Do you know where Abel, your younger brother, is?”*) God asked Cain for Abel's location, even though he knew the answer. The rhetorical question **where is Abel your brother?** means tell me what you did to Abel, your brother. God knows the answer to every question that he asks. He never needs to ask for information. He asks Cain this question so Cain might confess his sin and repent for the murder of his brother. This is like God's rhetorical question, "Where are you?" which he directed toward Adam after he sinned. But unlike his father, Cain responds to God's question with a lie. Even when we commit the worst of sins, God gives us the chance to repent; yet, the consequences of sin often remain. Translate **Then Yahweh said to Cain, "Where is Abel your brother?** to mean tell me what you did to Abel, your brother.
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[^17]: **4:9** **Then Yahweh said to Cain, "Where is Abel your brother?** (**L**: *Then Yahweh said to Cain, "Where is Abel your brother?* | **S**: *Then, even though Yahweh knew what Cain had done, he said to Cain, “Do you know where Abel, your younger brother, is?”*) God asked Cain for Abel's location, even though he knew the answer. The rhetorical question **where is Abel your brother?** means tell me what you did to Abel, your brother. God knows the answer to every question that he asks. He never needs to ask for information. He asks Cain this question so Cain might confess his sin and repent for the murder of his brother. This is like God's rhetorical question, "Where are you?" which he directed toward Adam after he sinned. But unlike his father, Cain responds to God's question with a lie. Even when we commit the worst of sins, God gives us the chance to repent, yet, the consequences of sin often remain. Translate **Then Yahweh said to Cain, "Where is Abel your brother?** to mean tell me what you did to Abel, your brother.
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[^18]: **4:9** **Am I my brother’s keeper?** (**L**: *Am I my brother’s keeper?* | **S**: *My job is not to guard my younger brother!*) Cain responded to God with a rhetorical question of his own. The rhetorical question, **"Am I my brother's keeper"** is another way of saying "I am not responsible for Abel, my brother." Cain's low view of God became a low view of human life. He saw no reason to value, cherish, or protect it. Ironically, the answer to Cain's question is "yes." God wants all people to value, cherish, and protect human life. We are all called to be our brother's keeper. Translate **Am I my brother’s keeper?** to mean I am not responsible for my brother.
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[^18]: **4:9** **Am I my brother’s keeper?** (**L**: *Am I my brother’s keeper?* | **S**: *My job is not to guard my younger brother!*) Cain responded to God with a rhetorical question of his own. The rhetorical question, **"Am I my brother's keeper"** is another way of saying, "I am not responsible for Abel, my brother." Cain's low view of God became a low view of human life. He saw no reason to value, cherish, or protect it. Ironically, the answer to Cain's question is "yes." God wants all people to value, cherish, and protect human life. We are all called to be our brother's keeper. Translate **Am I my brother’s keeper?** to mean I am not responsible for my brother.
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[^19]: **4:10** **What have you done?** (**L**: *What have you done?* | **S**: *What you have done is terrible!*) God asked Cain another rhetorical question as a way of rebuking his sin. The rhetorical question **What have you done** is another way of saying this thing you have done is horrible Cain! The taking of human life is heinous to the Lord, since all humans are made in his image (3:26-27). Perhaps even more heinous is murder committed among brothers. Translate **What have you done?** to mean this thing you have done is evil, Cain!
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[^20]: **4:10** **Your brother's blood is calling out to me from the ground** (**L**: *Your brother's blood is calling out to me from the ground* | **S**: *Your brother’s blood that has soaked into the ground convicts you of your guilt*) God explained to Cain the first consequence of his sin. The statement **"Your brother's blood is calling out to me from the ground"** is another way of saying "Your brother’s blood is like a person calling out to me to punish the person who killed him." The murder of Abel could not go unpunished. The taking of human life is particularly abominable to the Lord. His vivid language helps express this fact. When we confess our sins, God is faithful to forgive us of our sins, and to cleanse us of all unrighteousness. Yet, the consequences of sin can have long lasting effects here on Earth. Murderers who are forgiven still go to jail, and those murdered still remain lost. Translate **Your brother's blood is calling out to me from the ground*** to mean Your brother’s blood is like a person calling out to me to punish the person who killed him.
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[^20]: **4:10** **Your brother's blood is calling out to me from the ground** (**L**: *Your brother's blood is calling out to me from the ground* | **S**: *Your brother’s blood that has soaked into the ground convicts you of your guilt*) God explained to Cain the first consequence of his sin. The statement **"Your brother's blood is calling out to me from the ground"** is another way of saying, "Your brother’s blood is like a person calling out to me to punish the person who killed him." The murder of Abel could not go unpunished. The taking of human life is particularly abominable to the Lord. His vivid language helps express this fact. When we confess our sins, God is faithful to forgive us of our sins, and to cleanse us of all unrighteousness. Yet, the consequences of sin can have long lasting effects here on Earth. Murderers who are forgiven still go to jail, and those murdered still remain lost. Translate **Your brother's blood is calling out to me from the ground*** to mean Your brother’s blood is like a person calling out to me to punish the person who killed him.
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[^21]: **4:11** **Now cursed are you from the ground** (**L**: *Now cursed are you from the ground* | **S**: *You have killed your younger brother, and, now that the ground has soaked up your younger brother’s blood, you are not welcome on it and your efforts to produce crops on it will fail*) God cursed Cain and his relationship to the ground just like he cursed the ground for all mankind (Gen 3:17). The clause **cursed are you from the ground** means I am cursing you so that you will not be able to grow food from the ground. For the first time, God curses a human directly. The only lifeform to receive a direct curse before this was the serpent for his deception of Eve (3:14). This parallel helps convey the weight of Cain's heinous sin. The consequences of murder are many and severe. Translate **Now cursed are you from the ground** to mean your efforts to produce crops on the ground will fail.
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[^22]: **4:11** **which has opened its mouth to receive your brother's blood from your hand** (**L**: *which has opened its mouth to receive your brother’s blood from your hand* | **S**: *now that the ground has soaked up your younger brother’s blood*) God used vivid language to describe the state of the ground after Abel's murder. God speaks of the earth as if it were a person who could drink Abel’s blood. The phrase **which has opened its mouth to receive your brother's blood** is another way of saying the ground is soaked with your brothers blood, and the phrase **from your hand** refers to Cain personally killing his brother. Land was a sacred gift from the Lord to man. Cain had tainted this gift with the blood of his brother Abel. This dishonoring of the land is yet another consequence of Cain's crime. Translate **which has opened its mouth to receive your brother's blood from your hand** to mean which is soaked with your brother’s blood because you killed him.
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[^22]: **4:11** **which has opened its mouth to receive your brother's blood from your hand** (**L**: *which has opened its mouth to receive your brother’s blood from your hand* | **S**: *now that the ground has soaked up your younger brother’s blood*) God used vivid language to describe the state of the ground after Abel's murder. God speaks of the earth as if it were a person who could drink Abel’s blood. The phrase **which has opened its mouth to receive your brother's blood** is another way of saying the ground is soaked with your brother's blood, and the phrase **from your hand** refers to Cain personally killing his brother. Land was a sacred gift from the Lord to man. Cain had tainted this gift with the blood of his brother Abel. This dishonoring of the land is yet another consequence of Cain's crime. Translate **which has opened its mouth to receive your brother's blood from your hand** to mean which is soaked with your brother’s blood because you killed him.
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[^23]: **4:12** **it will not yield to you its strength** (**L**: *it will not yield to you its strength* | **S**: *the ground will produce very little for you*) God clearly explained the nature of the curse to Cain. The clause **it will not yield to you its strength** means the ground will not produce crops if you work it. This curse is much worse than the curse on the ground (3:17), given because of the sin of Cain's father. For Adam, through great toil, the ground would still produce crops. But for Cain, the ground would no longer yield its fruit. As a consequence for his sin, the first farmer was deprived of his work. The cost of our sin can often be quite high. Translate **it will not yield to you its strength** to mean the ground will not yield crops if you work it.
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[^23]: **4:12** **it will not yield to you its strength** (**L**: *it will not yield to you its strength* | **S**: *the ground will produce very little for you*). God clearly explained the nature of the curse to Cain. The clause **it will not yield to you its strength** means the ground will not produce crops if you work it. This curse is much worse than the curse on the ground (3:17), given because of the sin of Cain's father. For Adam, through great toil, the ground would still produce crops. But for Cain, the ground would no longer yield its fruit. As a consequence of his sin, the first farmer was deprived of his work. The cost of our sin can often be quite high. Translate **it will not yield to you its strength** to mean the ground will not yield crops if you work it.
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[^24]: **4:12** **A fugitive and a wanderer you will be in the earth** (**L**: *A fugitive and a wanderer you will be in the earth* | **S**: *You will continually wander around the earth, and not have any place to live permanently*) God continued listing the consequences and punishments for Cain's sin. The word **fugitive** means Cain would constantly be on the run from others. The word **wanderer** means Cain would constantly be wondering around the Earth. Sin's consequences often reach well beyond ourselves. They affect our relationships with friends, spouses, families, and society as a whole. Translate **A fugitive and a wanderer you will be in the earth** to mean you will be a homeless wanderer on the earth.
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[^24]: **4:12** **A fugitive and a wanderer you will be in the earth** (**L**: *A fugitive and a wanderer you will be in the earth* | **S**: *You will continually wander around the earth, and not have any place to live permanently*) God continued listing the consequences and punishments for Cain's sin. The word **fugitive** means Cain would constantly be on the run from others. The word **wanderer** means Cain would constantly be wandering around the Earth. Sin's consequences often reach well beyond ourselves. They affect our relationships with friends, spouses, families, and society as a whole. Translate **A fugitive and a wanderer you will be in the earth** to mean you will be a homeless wanderer on the earth.
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[^25]: **4:13** **My punishment is greater than I can bear** (**L**: *My punishment is greater than I can bear* | **S**: *You are punishing me more then I can endure*) Cain told God that his punishment was too great. The phrase **greater than I can bear** means the punishment is greater than I can endure. The consequences of sin can seem crushing. Making things right with God and others can bring some relief. But the consequences and punishments still must be endured. Because God does not enjoy when people suffer because of sin, he gives us commandments to help protect us from ourselves. Translate **My punishment is greater than I can bear** to mean my punishment is more than I can endure.
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<!-- TODO: Discuss the note below with Matt -->
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[^26]: **4:14** **you have driven me out this day from this ground, and I will be hidden from your face** (**L**: * you have driven me out this day from this ground, and I will be hidden from your face* | **S**: *You are about to expel me from the ground that I have been tilling, and I will no longer be able to come into your presence*) Like with his parents, God drove Cain our from his land. In addition, God drove him from his presence as well. The phrase **have driven me out this day from this ground** means have expelled me from the ground I have been working. The phrase **hidden from your face** means removed from God's presence. Much of what happened to Adam and Eve happened to Cain as well. But Cain's punishment, like his sin, is much worse. When left unchecked, sin grows in intensity, sometimes down through generations. As this intensity grows, the consequences of sin grow as well. We must root out sin before this occurs. Translate **you have driven me out this day from this ground, and I will be hidden from your face** to mean you are about to remove me from the ground I have been farming and from your presence as well.
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[^26]: **4:14** **you have driven me out this day from this ground, and I will be hidden from your face** (**L**: * you have driven me out this day from this ground, and I will be hidden from your face* | **S**: *You are about to expel me from the ground that I have been tilling, and I will no longer be able to come into your presence*). Like with his parents, God drove Cain out of his land. In addition, God drove him from his presence as well. The phrase **have driven me out this day from this ground** means have expelled me from the ground I have been working. The phrase **hidden from your face** means removed from God's presence. Much of what happened to Adam and Eve happened to Cain as well. But Cain's punishment, like his sin, is much worse. When left unchecked, sin grows in intensity, sometimes down through generations. As this intensity grows, the consequences of sin grow as well. We must root out sin before this occurs. Translate **you have driven me out this day from this ground, and I will be hidden from your face** to mean you are about to remove me from the ground I have been farming and from your presence as well.
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[^27]: **4:14** **I will be a fugitive and a wanderer in the earth** (**L**: *I will be a fugitive and a wanderer in the earth* | **S**: *I will be continually wandering around the earth with no place to live permanently*) See note on 4:12.
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[^28]: **4:14** **whoever finds me will kill me** (**L**: *whoever finds me will kill me* | **S**: *anyone who sees me will kill me*) Cain anticipated either justice or blood vengeance carried out on him at some point in his life. He thought someone might eventually kill him because he killed Abel. The phrase **whoever finds me will kill me** means outside of your presence, and without your protection, someone will eventually kill me for what I've done. Those who take life often have their lives taken. A consequence of murder is fear of retaliation or revenge. Translate **whoever finds me will kill me** to mean anyone who sees me will kill me for murdering my brother.
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[^28]: **4:14** **whoever finds me will kill me** (**L**: *whoever finds me will kill me* | **S**: *anyone who sees me will kill me*) Cain anticipated either justice or blood vengeance carried out on him at some point in his life. He thought someone might eventually kill him because he killed Abel. The phrase **whoever finds me will kill me** means outside of your presence, and without your protection, someone will eventually kill me for what I've done. Those who take life often have their lives taken. A consequence of murder is fear of retaliation or revenge. Translate **whoever finds me will kill me** to mean anyone who sees me will kill me for murdering my brother.
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[^29]: **4:15** **vengeance will be taken on him sevenfold** (**L**: *vengeance will be taken on him sevenfold* | **S**: *I will punish that person seven times as severely as I am punishing you.*) God mercifully promised that anyone who murdered Cain would be punished much worse than Cain himself. The phrase **will be taken on him sevenfold** means he will be punished seven times worse or exceedingly worse than Cain. Another consequence of Cain's act is the need for systems of protection, systems which God graciously provides. Vengeance is the business of God alone, unless he delegates this task to human agents. Translate **vengeance will be taken on him sevenfold** to mean he will be punished exceedingly worse than Cain.
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[^29]: **4:15** **vengeance will be taken on him sevenfold** (**L**: *vengeance will be taken on him sevenfold* | **S**: *I will punish that person seven times as severely as I am punishing you.*) God mercifully promised that anyone who murdered Cain would be punished much worse than Cain himself. The phrase **will be taken on him sevenfold** means he will be punished seven times worse or exceedingly worse than Cain. Another consequence of Cain's act is the need for systems of protection, systems that God graciously provides. Vengeance is the business of God alone unless he delegates this task to human agents. Translate **vengeance will be taken on him sevenfold** to mean he will be punished exceedingly worse than Cain.
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[^30]: **4:16** **Cain went out from the presence of Yahweh** (**L**: *So Cain went out from the presence of Yahweh* | **S**: *Cain left Yahweh*) Like his parents, Cain is forced to leave the presence of God. The clause **Cain went out from the presence of Yahweh** means Cain left the land where he deeply experienced and enjoyed God's presence. Of course, God is *omnipresent*. There is no place on earth where God is not found. However, at certain times and in certain locations, God chose to manifest his presence in a special way. These places symbolized deep communion with God, something all believers in Christ enjoy today. Cain's banishment symbolized a breach in his communion with the Lord. This separation is the worst consequence of Cain's sin. Translate **Cain went out from the presence of Yahweh** to mean Cain was forced to leave the land where he experienced and enjoyed deep communion with God.
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[^30]: **4:16** **Cain went out from the presence of Yahweh** (**L**: *So Cain went out from the presence of Yahweh* | **S**: *Cain left Yahweh*). Like his parents, Cain is forced to leave the presence of God. The clause **Cain went out from the presence of Yahweh** means Cain left the land where he deeply experienced and enjoyed God's presence. Of course, God is *omnipresent*. There is no place on earth where God is not found. However, God chooses to manifest his presence in a special way at certain times and in specific locations. These places symbolized deep communion with God, something all believers in Christ enjoy today. Cain's banishment symbolized a breach in his communion with the Lord. This separation is the worst consequence of Cain's sin. Translate **Cain went out from the presence of Yahweh** to mean Cain was forced to leave the land where he experienced and enjoyed deep communion with God.
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17 Cain slept with his wife and she conceived.[^31] She gave birth to Enoch. He built a city and named it after his son Enoch. 18 To Enoch was born Irad. Irad became the father of Mehujael. Mehujael became the father of Methushael. Methushael became the father of Lamech. 19 Lamech took for himself two wives.[^32] The name of the one was Adah, and the name of the other was Zillah. 20 Adah gave birth to Jabal. He was the father of those who lived in tents who have livestock.[^33] 21 His brother's name was Jubal. He was the father of those who play the harp and pipe.[^34] 22 As for Zillah, she bore Tubal-Cain, the forger of tools of bronze and iron. The sister of Tubal-Cain was Naamah. 23 Lamech said to his wives,
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@ -122,29 +122,29 @@ A Godly Remnant: Thanking God for His Plan to Restore Human Society (4:25-26)
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For I have killed a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me.[^36]
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24 If Cain is avenged seven times, then Lamech will be avenged seventy-seven times."[^37]
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[^31]: **4:17** **Cain slept with his wife and she conceived** (**L**: *Cain knew his wife and she conceived* | **S**: *Cain slept with his wife, and she became pregnant*) Despite Cain's sin, God graciously allowed his wife to become pregnant and have a son who they named Enoch. See the note on 4:1 for the meaning of **slept with**. God extends his grace and mercy even to those who break his commands. He allows human society to flourish, in a way, despite our sin. Translate **Cain slept with his wife and she conceived** to mean Cain had sexual relations with his wife and she became pregnant.
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[^31]: **4:17** **Cain slept with his wife and she conceived** (**L**: *Cain knew his wife and she conceived* | **S**: *Cain slept with his wife, and she became pregnant*). Despite Cain's sin, God graciously allowed his wife to become pregnant and have a son who they named Enoch. See the note on 4:1 for the meaning of **slept with**. God extends his grace and mercy even to those who break his commands. He allows human society to flourish, in a way, despite our sin. Translate **Cain slept with his wife and she conceived** to mean Cain had sexual relations with his wife and she became pregnant.
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[^32]: **4:19** **Lamech took for himself two wives** (**L**: *Lamech took for himself two wives* | **S**: *When Lamech grew up he married two women*) Lamech married two women instead of one. This was a clear departure from God's ideal (2:23-24). The phrase **took for himself two wives** is a way of saying he married two wives. It is the first clear sign of sin's growth in Cain's lineage. When parents dishonor God, and his laws, this low view of God can be passed to subsequent generations. It can create and affect culture as well. Translate **Lamech took for himself two wives** to mean Lamech grew up and married two women.
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[^32]: **4:19** **Lamech took for himself two wives** (**L**: *Lamech took for himself two wives* | **S**: *When Lamech grew up he married two women*). Lamech married two women instead of one. This was a clear departure from God's ideal (2:23-24). The phrase **took for himself two wives** is a way of saying he married two wives. It is the first clear sign of sin's growth in Cain's lineage. When parents dishonor God and his laws, this low view of God can be passed to subsequent generations. It can create and affect culture as well. Translate **Lamech took for himself two wives** to mean Lamech grew up and married two women.
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[^33]: **4:20** **He was the father of those who lived in tents who have livestock** (**L**: *He was the father of those who lived in tents who have livestock* | **S**: *Later, Jabal became the first person who lived in tents because he traveled from place to place to take care of livestock*) Cain's descendants helped to create human culture. The phrase **was the father of** means was the first person to do. Jabal was the first person to live in a tent and take care of livestock. He, and those who copied what he did, contributed this skill to human culture. Sinful culture can flourish in a way, because God graciously allows it. Yet eventually, sin will destroy and consume that culture. Translate **He was the father of those who lived in tents who have livestock** to mean Jabal was the first person to live in a tent and take care of livestock.
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[^33]: **4:20** **He was the father of those who lived in tents who have livestock** (**L**: *He was the father of those who lived in tents who have livestock* | **S**: *Later, Jabal became the first person who lived in tents because he traveled from place to place to take care of livestock*). Cain's descendants helped to create human culture. The phrase **was the father of** means was the first person to do. Jabal was the first person to live in a tent and care for livestock. He, and those who copied what he did, contributed this skill to human culture. Sinful culture can flourish because God graciously allows it. Yet eventually, sin will destroy and consume that culture. Translate **He was the father of those who lived in tents who have livestock** to mean Jabal was the first person to live in a tent and care for livestock.
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[^34]: **4:21** **He was the father of those who play the harp and pipe** (**L**: *He was the father of those who play the harp and pipe* | **S**: *He was the first person who made a lyre and a flute*) See note on 4:20.
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[^34]: **4:21** **He was the father of those who play the harp and pipe** (**L**: *He was the father of those who play the harp and pipe* | **S**: *He was the first person who made a lyre and a flute*). See note on 4:20.
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[^35]: **4:23** **Adah and Zillah, listen to my voice; you wives of Lamech, listen to what I say** (**L**: *Adah and Zillah, listen to my voice; you wives of Lamech, listen to what I say* | **S**: *Adah and Zillah, my two wives, listen carefully to what I am saying*) At some point in time, Lamech bragged to his two wives about a horrible thing he had done. The parallel lines of poetry, **"listen to my voice"**, and **"listen to what I say"**, is a way of saying "listen very carefully to my words." Lamech wanted his wives to hear every word of his sinful boast. Taking pride in sin is much worse than repentance and remorse. God wants us to hate sin just like him. He wants us to quicky repent when we do wrong. Translate **Adah and Zillah, listen to my voice; you wives of Lamech, listen to what I say** to mean Adah and Zillah listen carefully and intently to what I am about to say.
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[^35]: **4:23** **Adah and Zillah, listen to my voice; you wives of Lamech, listen to what I say** (**L**: *Adah and Zillah, listen to my voice; you wives of Lamech, listen to what I say* | **S**: *Adah and Zillah, my two wives, listen carefully to what I am saying*) At some point in time, Lamech bragged to his two wives about a horrible thing he had done. The parallel lines of poetry, **"listen to my voice,"** and **"listen to what I say,"** is a way of saying, "listen very carefully to my words." Lamech wanted his wives to hear every word of his sinful boast. Taking pride in sin is much worse than repentance and remorse. God wants us to hate sin just like him. He wants us to quickly repent when we do wrong. Translate **Adah and Zillah, listen to my voice; you wives of Lamech, listen to what I say** to mean Adah and Zillah listen carefully and intently to what I am about to say.
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[^36]: **4:23** **For I have killed a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me** (**L**: *For I have killed a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me* | **S**: *A young man struck me and wounded me, so I killed him*) Lamech killed a young man for the crime of bruising him. The parallel lines **"killed a man for wounded me"** and **"a young man for bruising me"** refer to the same event. But there is a growing intensity and focus from one to the other. Lamech boasted about killing a young man for an act not worthy of death. The disregard for human life has increased down through Cain's line. If sin is left unchecked, it can grow worse in individuals, affecting families and society as well. Translate **For I have killed a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me** to mean I have killed a young man for the simple act of bruising me.
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[^36]: **4:23** **For I have killed a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me** (**L**: *For I have killed a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me* | **S**: *A young man struck me and wounded me, so I killed him*) Lamech killed a young man for the crime of bruising him. The parallel lines **"killed a man for wounded me"** and **"a young man for bruising me"** refer to the same event. But there is a growing intensity and focus from one to the other. Lamech boasted about killing a young man for an act not worthy of death. The disregard for human life has increased down through Cain's line. If sin is left unchecked, it can worsen in individuals, affecting families and society. Translate **For I have killed a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me** to mean I have killed a young man for the simple act of bruising me.
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[^37]: **4:24** **If Cain is avenged seven times, then Lamech will be avenged seventy-seven times** (**L**: *If Cain is avenged seven times, then Lamech will be avenged seventy-seven times* | **S**: *if anyone tries to kill me, may he be punished seventy-seven times as much*) Lamech boasted that his level of protection must be seventy-seven times greater than Cain's. The phrase **will be avenged seventy-seven times** means God will punish whoever kills me seventy-seven times. By using the parallel phrases **avenged seven times** and **avenged seventy-seven times**, Lamech boasted that his crime was much greater than Cain's. Because of this, he required much greater protection by God. Both the increase in sin and pride, and the decrease of remorse, show how far Cain's line had turned away from God. The effect of sin on human society can be extreme. Translate **If Cain is avenged seven times, then Lamech will be avenged seventy-seven times** to mean anyone who kills me will be punished by God seventy-seven times as much.
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[^37]: **4:24** **If Cain is avenged seven times, then Lamech will be avenged seventy-seven times** (**L**: *If Cain is avenged seven times, then Lamech will be avenged seventy-seven times* | **S**: *if anyone tries to kill me, may he be punished seventy-seven times as much*). Lamech boasted that his level of protection must be seventy-seven times greater than Cain's. The phrase **will be avenged seventy-seven times** means God will punish whoever kills me seventy-seven times. By using the parallel phrases **avenged seven times** and **avenged seventy-seven times**, Lamech boasted that his crime was much greater than Cain's. Because of this, he required much greater protection from God. The increase in sin and pride and the decrease in remorse show how far Cain's line had turned away from God. The effect of sin on human society can be extreme. Translate **If Cain is avenged seven times, then Lamech will be avenged seventy-seven times** to mean anyone who kills me will be punished by God seventy-seven times as much.
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25 Adam slept with his wife again,[^38] and she bore another son. She called his name Seth and said, "God has given me another son[^39] in the place of Abel, for Cain killed him." 26 A son was born to Seth and he called his name Enosh.[^40] At that time people began to call on the name of Yahweh.[^41]
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[^38]: **4:25** **Adam slept with his wife again** (**L**: *Adam knew his wife again* | **S**: *Adam continued to sleep with his wife*) See note on 4:1.
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|
||||
[^39]: **4:25** **She called his name Seth and said, "God has given me another son"** (**L**: **She called his name Seth and said, "God has given me another son"* | **S**: *whom she named Seth. She said, “I name him Seth because God has given me another child*) This is the reason Eve named her third son Seth. The word Seth in the original language is related to a word meaning "granted." God graciously granted Eve with a new son. Not only did Seth's birth help sooth Eve's pain, but it also renewed the hope of relief from the curse. God promised that a male descendant from Eve would crush Satan's head (3:15). With the birth of Seth, that hope had been renewed. When God makes a promise, it always comes to pass. What we have broken, God will one day restore. This includes the establishment of a godly human society where murder and sin are no more. Translate **She called his name Seth and said, "God has given me another son"** to mean Eve had another son and named him Seth because God had given her another child.
|
||||
[^39]: **4:25** **She called his name Seth and said, "God has given me another son"** (**L**: **She called his name Seth and said, "God has given me another son"* | **S**: *whom she named Seth. She said, “I name him Seth because God has given me another child*) This is the reason Eve named her third son Seth. The word Seth in the original language is related to a word meaning "granted." God graciously granted Eve a new son. Not only did Seth's birth help soothe Eve's pain, but it also renewed the hope of relief from the curse. God promised that a male descendant from Eve would crush Satan's head (3:15). With the birth of Seth, that hope was renewed. When God makes a promise, it always comes to pass. What we have broken, God will one day restore. This includes the establishment of a godly human society where murder and sin are no more. Translate **She called his name Seth and said, "God has given me another son"** to mean Eve had another son and named him Seth because God had given her another child.
|
||||
|
||||
[^40]: **4:26** **A son was born to Seth* (**L**: *A son was born to Seth* | **S**: *When Seth grew up, he became the father of a son*) Seth and his wife had a son whom they named Enosh. The clause **a son was born to Seth** means that Seth's wife bore him a son. This information is left implied. Like the birth of Seth, the birth of Enosh reaffirms God's promise of a godly descendant who would ultimately put an end to the curse. With the death of Abel, and the corruption of Cain and his line, it was unclear how God would keep his word. With the birth of Seth and his son God's plan starts to come into focus. Translate **A son was born to Seth** to mean Seth's wife bore him a son.
|
||||
[^40]: **4:26** **A son was born to Seth* (**L**: *A son was born to Seth* | **S**: *When Seth grew up, he became the father of a son*) Seth and his wife had a son whom they named Enosh. The clause **a son was born to Seth** means that Seth's wife bore him a son. This information is left implied. Like the birth of Seth, the birth of Enosh reaffirms God's promise of a godly descendant who would ultimately put an end to the curse. With the death of Abel and the corruption of Cain and his line, it was unclear how God would keep his word. With the birth of Seth and his son God's plan starts to come into focus. Translate **A son was born to Seth** to mean Seth's wife bore him a son.
|
||||
|
||||
[^41]: **4:26** **At that time people began to call on the name of Yahweh** (**L**: *At that time people began to call on the name of Yahweh* | **S**: *About that time people began to worship Yahweh*) Unlike the line of Cain, the line of Seth were those who called **on the name of Yahweh.** The phrase **call on the name of Yahweh** means to worship God by using the name Yahweh. The descendants of Cain were known for their contributions to society, art and culture. Yet, they also contributed to the increase of sin as well. In contrast, Seth's line is known for calling on the name of the Lord, and for passing this high view of God down through the line. When families worship the Lord, it helps restore human society. It begins to transform it to what God wants it to be. Translate **At that time people began to call on the name of Yahweh** to mean around that time people began to worship Yahweh.
|
||||
[^41]: **4:26** **At that time people began to call on the name of Yahweh** (**L**: *At that time people began to call on the name of Yahweh* | **S**: *About that time people began to worship Yahweh*) Unlike the line of Cain, the line of Seth were those who called **on the name of Yahweh.** The phrase **call on the name of Yahweh** means to worship God by using the name Yahweh. The descendants of Cain were known for their contributions to society, art, and culture. Yet, they also contributed to the increase of sin as well. In contrast, Seth's line is known for calling on the name of the Lord and for passing this high view of God down through the line. When families worship the Lord, it helps restore human society. It begins to transform it into what God wants it to be. Translate **At that time people began to call on the name of Yahweh** to mean around that time people began to worship Yahweh.
|
||||
|
||||
## Introduction
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Choose a song that speaks about valuing life. Sing this song together as a commu
|
|||
#### Connect the Passage
|
||||
Take a moment to think about the thoughts you had when you got angry with someone. Then, discuss with your community these thoughts and how they caused you to act towards the person.
|
||||
|
||||
> One time I felt...
|
||||
> One time, I felt...
|
||||
|
||||
> Because I felt this way I...
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -169,20 +169,20 @@ God wants believers to value all life. Read the following passage about the impo
|
|||
> **21** You have heard that it was said to them in ancient times, 'Do not kill,' and, 'Whoever kills will be in danger of the judgment.' **22** But I say to you that everyone who is angry with his brother will be in danger of the judgment; and whoever says to his brother, 'You worthless person!' will be in danger of the council; and whoever says, 'You fool!' will be in danger of the fire of hell. Matthew 5:21-22
|
||||
|
||||
#### Discuss the Passage
|
||||
After reading the passage, discuss what this passage says about anger Use the following questions to guide your discussion as a community.
|
||||
After reading the passage, discuss what this passage says about anger. Use the following questions to guide your discussion as a community.
|
||||
|
||||
1. How should Christians value human life? In what ways does this passage elevate anger?
|
||||
2. According to this passage what is the result of being angry with someone?
|
||||
2. According to this passage, what is the result of being angry with someone?
|
||||
3. What does this passage teach us about the words we speak to one another?
|
||||
4. How can you show value for human life?
|
||||
|
||||
#### Connect The Passage
|
||||
Think about the other Scripture passages you have studied. Identify something true about God or how God values human life. Write (or speak) a brief message to someone in your community that would remind them of that truth.
|
||||
Think about the other Scripture passages you have studied. Identify something true about God or how God values human life. Write (or speak) a brief message to someone in your community to remind them of that truth.
|
||||
|
||||
> [Name of a person in your group], I want to remind you about this truth/promise...
|
||||
|
||||
#### Pray to God
|
||||
After sharing the message, conclude this time together by praying for one another. Ask that God would use the upcoming study to give other members a heart for human life.
|
||||
After sharing the message, conclude this time together by praying for one another. Ask God to use the upcoming study to give other members a heart for human life.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Sing Praise to God
|
||||
Choose a song that speaks about valuing human life. Sing this song together as a community.
|
||||
|
|
@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ What offering did Abel bring to Yahweh?
|
|||
|
||||
How did Yahweh respond to the offerings of Cain and Abel?
|
||||
|
||||
**Answer:** Yahweh accepted Abel's offering, but did not accept Cain's offering.
|
||||
**Answer:** Yahweh accepted Abel's offering but did not accept Cain's offering.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Genesis 4:5-6
|
||||
How did Cain react to God's disapproval?
|
||||
|
|
@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ How did Cain react to God's disapproval?
|
|||
#### Genesis 4:7
|
||||
What did Yahweh tell Cain he needed to do in order to be accepted?
|
||||
|
||||
**Answer:** Yahweh told Cain to do what is right and he would be accepted.
|
||||
**Answer:** Yahweh told Cain to do what was right, and he would be accepted.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Genesis 4:8
|
||||
Later, what happened with Cain and Abel in the field?
|
||||
|
|
@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ How would you translate **Yahweh accepted Abel and his offering** to mean Yahweh
|
|||
#### 4:5
|
||||
How would you translate **but Cain and his offering he did not accept** to mean God was not pleased with Cain's offering?
|
||||
|
||||
How would you translate **Cain was very angry, and he scowled** to mean Cain became very angry and his facial expression showed that anger?
|
||||
How would you translate **Cain was very angry, and he scowled** to mean Cain became very angry, and his facial expression showed that anger?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4:6
|
||||
How would you translate **Why are you angry and why are you scowling?** to mean You should not be angry?
|
||||
|
|
@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ How would you translate **Cain slept with his wife and she conceived** to mean C
|
|||
How would you translate **Lamech took for himself two wives** to mean Lamech grew up and married two women?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4:20
|
||||
How would you translate **He was the father of those who lived in tents who have livestock** to mean Jabal was the first person to live in a tent and take care of livestock?
|
||||
How would you translate **He was the father of those who lived in tents who have livestock** to mean Jabal was the first person to live in a tent and care for livestock?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4:23
|
||||
How would you translate **Adah and Zillah, listen to my voice; you wives of Lamech, listen to what I say** to mean Adah and Zillah listen carefully and intently to what I am about to say?
|
||||
|
|
@ -370,12 +370,12 @@ How would you translate **A son was born to Seth** to mean Seth's wife bore him
|
|||
How would you translate **At that time people began to call on the name of Yahweh** to mean around that time people began to worship Yahweh?
|
||||
|
||||
### Grammar and Translation Training: Personification
|
||||
*Use the following exercise to learn about a specific grammar issue and its importance to understand the meaning of a text. This exercise will also help you develop skills to translate this issue accurately and naturally in your own language. If you need additional help on this translation topic, please reference [translationAcademy](https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/v24/03-translate.html#figs-personification).*
|
||||
*Use the following exercise to learn about a specific grammar issue and its importance in understanding the meaning of a text. This exercise will also help you develop skills to translate this issue accurately and naturally in your own language. If you need additional help on this translation topic, please reference [translationAcademy](https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/v24/03-translate.html#figs-personification).*
|
||||
|
||||
#### Explanation of Translation Issue
|
||||
*Read (or listen) to the explanation of the translation issue. As a community, discuss your understanding of this translation issue and its importance for translating the text.*
|
||||
|
||||
Personification is a figure of speech in which someone speaks of something as if it could do things that animals or people can do. People often do this because it makes it easier to talk about things that we cannot see. People also use personification because it is sometimes easier to talk about people’s relationships with non-human things such as wealth as if they were relationships between people. In each case, the purpose of the personification is to highlight a certain characteristic of the non-human thing. As in metaphor, the reader needs to think of the way that the thing is like a certain kind of person.
|
||||
Personification is a figure of speech in which someone speaks of something as if it could do things that animals or people can do. People often do this because it makes it easier to talk about things that we cannot see. People also use personification because it is sometimes easier to talk about people’s relationships with non-human things, such as wealth, as if they were relationships between people. In each case, the purpose of the personification is to highlight a particular characteristic of the non-human thing. As in metaphor, the reader needs to think of the way that the thing is like a certain kind of person.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Examples in Biblical Passages
|
||||
*Read (or listen) to the passages below. Use the explanation above to complete the following activity.*
|
||||
|
|
@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ Review the explanation of personification above. Identify the uses of personific
|
|||
*Now that you understand the basics of this language issue, discuss if your language works in this specific way. Then, talk about different ways
|
||||
|
||||
1. Does your language use personification to speak of something as if it could do things that animals or people can do? *Discuss if people in your language can use personification in a natural way.*
|
||||
2. How can you use your language to communicate in a similar way? *Discuss how speakers in your language can use words to talk about people’s relationships with non-human things by using something like personification or by some other means.
|
||||
2. How can you use your language to communicate in a similar way? *Discuss how speakers in your language can use words to talk about people’s relationships with non-human things using personification or other means.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Connecting Language and Theology
|
||||
*The study of language helps us understand theology. As a community, complete the following exercise to understand how this particular language concept teaches us more about the Christian faith.*
|
||||
|
|
@ -454,11 +454,11 @@ it takes away the life of its possessors.
|
|||
#### Translation Suggestions
|
||||
*The following list provides some translation suggestions. Read (or listen) to these suggestions and discuss how your community will address this translation issue in your own language.*
|
||||
|
||||
Different languages personify non-human things in different ways. If the target language does not personify a non-human entity the same way as in the source language, readers may not understand its meaning and become confused. Here are some translation strategies to avoid such confusion:
|
||||
Different languages personify non-human things in different ways. If the target language does not personify a non-human entity like the source language, readers may not understand its meaning and become confused. Here are some translation strategies to avoid such confusion:
|
||||
|
||||
1. If necessary, add words or phrases to make the human (or animal) characteristic clear.
|
||||
2. In addition to Strategy (1), use words such as “like” or “as” to show that the sentence is not to be understood literally.
|
||||
3. Find a way to translate it without the personification.
|
||||
3. Find a way to translate it without personification.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Exploring Translation Further
|
||||
*If you need further help understanding this language topic, refer to the article in [translationAcademy](https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/v24/03-translate.html#figs-personification). Use this resource to strengthen your grasp of this translation issue.*
|
||||
|
|
@ -471,47 +471,47 @@ Personification is...
|
|||
These are some ways that we will translate personification in our own language...
|
||||
|
||||
#### Application to the Biblical Text
|
||||
*Now that you better understand this language concept, apply what you learned to the biblical text.*
|
||||
*Now that you understand this language concept better, apply what you learned to the biblical text.*
|
||||
|
||||
In Genesis 4, the author uses personification at several key moments in the narrative. These uses teach us about the nature of jealously, anger, rage, and their connection with murder. They also teach us how to respond to sinful emotions before the grow worse and it is too late. Discuss the use of personification in Genesis 4. Explore its contribution to the passage's meaning. Apply the principles in this training to clearly, accurately, and naturally translate personification in this narrative.
|
||||
In Genesis 4, the author uses personification at several key moments in the narrative. These uses teach us about the nature of jealousy, anger, rage, and their connection with murder. They also teach us how to respond to sinful emotions before they worsen and it is too late. Discuss the use of personification in Genesis 4. Explore its contribution to the passage's meaning. Apply the principles in this training to clearly, accurately, and naturally translate personification in this narrative.
|
||||
|
||||
### Storycraft
|
||||
Retell this story in your own words (i.e., orally, dramatization, or written/crafted story). Try to tell the story in a way that is accurate (true to the Bible), natural (words that common people would use), and reproducible (memorable for someone listening to repeat it on their own). After crafting this story, retell it in your family, your church community, or to some other person God has placed in your life.
|
||||
Retell this story in your own words (i.e., orally, dramatization, or written/crafted story). Try to tell the story in an accurate way (true to the Bible), natural (words that common people would use), and reproducible (memorable for someone listening to repeat it on their own). After crafting this story, retell it in your family, your church community, or to some other person God has placed in your life.
|
||||
|
||||
## Theological Dialogue: Discussing the Meaning of the Story
|
||||
*Take time to explore the meaning of the text together as a community. Use the following discussions as a way to grasp what truth the biblical passage teaches.*
|
||||
*Take time to explore the meaning of the text together as a community. Use the following discussions to grasp what truth the biblical passage teaches.*
|
||||
|
||||
### Discourse Questions
|
||||
Use the following discourse questions to understand the meaning of the text. Pay attention to how the biblical passage itself addresses each question or theme.
|
||||
|
||||
1. What were the differences in Cain and Abel’s offerings to God? Genesis 4:1-7
|
||||
2. How did Cain respond to his brother Abel? Genesis 4:8-10
|
||||
3. What consequences came as a result of Cain’s murder of Abel? Genesis 4:10-24
|
||||
3. What consequences resulted from Cain’s murder of Abel? Genesis 4:10-24
|
||||
4. What part does Lamech play in understanding the consequences of Cain’s murder of Abel? Genesis 4:23-24
|
||||
5. What were the differences between the line of Cain and the line of Seth? Genesis 4:25-26
|
||||
|
||||
### Theological Questions
|
||||
Answer the following theology questions as a community. Discuss what truths this biblical passage teaches.
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Underlying Causes**: What are some of the underlying causes for a violent disregard for human life? How does Cain (and even Lamech) give us insight into why people mistreat others?
|
||||
1. **Underlying Causes**: What are some underlying causes for a violent disregard for human life? How does Cain (and even Lamech) explain why people mistreat others?
|
||||
2. **Value of Human Life**: How should Christians value human life? In what ways is this reinforced in the story of Cain and Abel?
|
||||
3. **Devaluing Life**: What are different ways people can show disregard for human life? How is this seen in the story of Cain and Abel?
|
||||
4. **Consequences of Life Taking**: What are the consequences of taking human life (or other forms of devaluing human life)? How do these consequences show up in the story of Cain and Abel?
|
||||
3. **Devaluing Life**: What are the different ways people can show disregard for human life? How is this seen in the story of Cain and Abel?
|
||||
4. **Consequences of Life-Taking**: What are the consequences of taking human life (or other forms of devaluing human life)? How do these consequences show up in the story of Cain and Abel?
|
||||
5. **The Hope of Restored Society:** How might Godly citizens help restore God's original plan for human society? What hope do we see for this restoration in the story of Cain and Abel?
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![[EJ-Movement-2-Drafting]]
|
||||
|
||||
## Personal Reflection: Following the Teaching of the Story
|
||||
*Take a moment to allow this text to evaluate your own life and to consider how God would have you respond. After this reflection, use the quality checking questions to check your translation draft among the translation team.*
|
||||
*Take a moment to allow this text to evaluate your life and consider how God would have you respond. After this reflection, use the quality-checking questions to check your translation draft among the translation team.*
|
||||
|
||||
### Journal Reflection
|
||||
Prayerfully think about the following personal reflection questions. Write/Record your answers and/or discuss them as a group.
|
||||
|
||||
1. When have you ever been mistreated in your life? How did it make you feel?
|
||||
2. When have you acted in violence against another human life (whether in act, thought, word, collusion, or intention)?
|
||||
2. When have you acted violently against another human life (whether in act, thought, word, collusion, or intention)?
|
||||
3. What have you missed out on because of the disregard for human life?
|
||||
4. What changes do you need to make in how you regard human life?
|
||||
4. What changes do you need to make regarding human life?
|
||||
|
||||
![[EJ-Movement-3-Checking]]
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -8,39 +8,39 @@ scripture: Judges 13.1–16.31
|
|||
## Session Overview
|
||||
|
||||
### Passage Preview
|
||||
The Samson narrative in Judges 13:1–16:31 teaches us about the painful consequences of sexual sin. This passage records the story of Samson, one of the last judges of Israel, who was promised a full life and given great physical strength from the Lord. But despite his divinely enabled strength, he had a glaring weakness: sexual pleasure. Samson’s experimentation with sex not only broke God’s rules but compromised his calling. God’s purpose still moved forward despite Samson’s disobedience. Yet, Samson’s impulsive and rash ways with women caused painful collateral damage and eventually led to his downfall. By not following God’s design, Samson was prevented from enjoying all that God had planned in the husband-wife relationship, and was handicapped from experiencing the full depths of God’s plan for his life.
|
||||
The Samson narrative in Judges 13:1–16:31 teaches us about the painful consequences of sexual sin. This passage records the story of Samson, one of the last judges of Israel, who was promised a full life and given great physical strength by the Lord. But despite his divinely enabled strength, he had a glaring weakness: sexual pleasure. Samson’s experimentation with sex not only broke God’s rules but compromised his calling. God’s purpose still moved forward despite Samson’s disobedience. Yet, Samson’s impulsive and rash ways with women caused painful collateral damage, eventually leading to his downfall. By not following God’s design, Samson was prevented from enjoying all God had planned in the husband-wife relationship and was handicapped from experiencing the full depths of God’s plan for his life.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Idea**: The Samson narrative teaches us to consecrate sex according to God's design.
|
||||
|
||||
### Core Objectives
|
||||
In the following session you will...
|
||||
In the following session, you will...
|
||||
|
||||
- **establish** foundational beliefs about sexuality
|
||||
- **compose** a translation of Judges 13.1–16.31 that is clear, accurate, natural, and church approved
|
||||
- **mature** in Christian life of faith through the practice of sexual purity
|
||||
- **mature** in the Christian life of faith through the practice of sexual purity
|
||||
- **develop** basic ministry skills with believers and unbelievers as you check your translation
|
||||
|
||||
### Narrative Summary
|
||||
Israel's rebellion and disobedience caused the future nation to be taken captive by the Philistines for forty years. Despite this rebellion, God planned to raise up a deliverer to rescue his people. This deliverer would be born through a man named Manoah and his barren wife. Even though Manoah’s wife had not been able to have any children, God would use them to bring a deliverer into the world. An angel appeared to Manoah’s wife and told her: "you are barren and have not borne children, but you shall conceive and bear a son." the son was to be fully consecrated to God under the Nazirite vow. He was not to drink alcohol, was not to eat any unclean thing, and was not to cut his hair. All this was to be a sign of his full devotion to God and God's special purpose for him. This child would "begin to save Israel from the hand of the Philistines".
|
||||
Israel's rebellion and disobedience caused the future nation to be taken captive by the Philistines for forty years. Despite this rebellion, God planned to raise up a deliverer to rescue his people. This deliverer would be born through a man named Manoah and his barren wife. Even though Manoah’s wife had not been able to have any children, God would use them to bring a deliverer into the world. An angel appeared to Manoah’s wife and told her: "You are barren and have not borne children, but you shall conceive and bear a son." the son was to be fully consecrated to God under the Nazirite vow. He was not to drink alcohol, was not to eat any unclean thing, and was not to cut his hair. All of this was a sign of his complete devotion to God and God's special purpose for him. This child would "begin to save Israel from the hand of the Philistines."
|
||||
|
||||
Manoah’s wife told her husband this news. After Manoah prayed, the angel appeared a second time to the woman with a message of the child's unique purpose and special vow of dedication. Out of honor and reverence, they offered an offering to the Lord. Eventually, Manoah’s wife gave birth to this son. They named him Samson. As he grew, Samson experienced the blessing of God and power of the Holy Spirit on his life.
|
||||
Manoah’s wife told her husband this news. After Manoah prayed, the angel appeared a second time to the woman with a message of the child's unique purpose and special vow of dedication. Out of honor and reverence, they offered an offering to the Lord. Eventually, Manoah’s wife gave birth to this son. They named him Samson. As he grew, Samson experienced the blessing of God and the power of the Holy Spirit on his life.
|
||||
|
||||
Once he became a man, Samson did not prioritize his vows before God. After seeing an attractive Philistine woman from Timnah, Samson demanded his parents give her to him as his wife. Samson went after what seemed "right in his eyes" and this woman was very attractive. Samson’s parents tried to convince him to take a wife from the people of Israel, but Samson persisted in his demands. Samson was born to deliver Israel from the Philistines and now he wanted to marry a Philistine woman. Samson's parents eventually gave in their son's demand. During Samson's journey to visit and take this woman as his wife, he broke one of his Nazirite vows. He ate unclean food: honey from a lion’s corpse.
|
||||
Once he became a man, Samson did not prioritize his vows before God. After seeing an attractive Philistine woman from Timnah, Samson demanded his parents give her to him as his wife. Samson went after what seemed "right in his eyes," and this woman was very attractive. Samson’s parents tried to convince him to take a wife from the people of Israel, but Samson persisted in his demands. Samson was born to deliver Israel from the Philistines, and now he wanted to marry a Philistine woman. Samson's parents eventually gave in to their son's demand. During Samson's journey to visit and take this woman as his wife, he broke one of his Nazirite vows. He ate unclean food: honey from a lion’s corpse.
|
||||
|
||||
Samson married the woman from Timnah. As was the custom, they celebrated the marriage with a seven-day feast. Samson celebrated his marriage surrounded by 30 companions, and placed bets on a riddle. Samson bet his companions 30 sets of clothing that they could not solve one of his riddles. When his companions struggled to answer his riddle, they forced Samson’s wife to "entice your husband to tell us what the riddle is" and threatened her and her family if she refused.
|
||||
Samson married the woman from Timnah. As was the custom, they celebrated the marriage with a seven-day feast. Samson celebrated his marriage surrounded by 30 companions and placed bets on a riddle. Samson bet his companions 30 sets of clothing that they could not solve one of his riddles. When his companions struggled to answer his riddle, they forced Samson’s wife to "entice your husband to tell us what the riddle is" and threatened her and her family if she refused.
|
||||
|
||||
Samson's new wife "pressed him hard" using tears and a guilt trip to get the answer. Eventually, he buckled under the pressure and gave her the answer. In turn, the companions were able to win Samson’s bet. Samson was enraged in "hot anger" and "went back to his father's house". Eventually, thinking Samson had abandoned his wife, they gave her to one the companions. After a while, with a gift in hand, Samson returned to be with his wife. However, her father refused to let him reclaim his bride, and said "I really thought that you utterly hated her, so I gave her to your companion." He then tried to compensate Samson by offering the younger sister. He even appealed to Samson’s appetite for beautiful women saying: “Is not her younger sister more beautiful than she?" This led to Samson taking revenge on the Philistines, who then retaliated and “burned her and her father with fire." Samson responded by taking revenge on the Philistines yet again. In response, the Philistines captured Samson, bound him in rope, and prepared to execute him. But the Spirit of the Lord came upon him again, and he killed 1,000 Philistines with the jawbone of a donkey. Samson judged Israel in the days of the Philistines for 20 years.
|
||||
Samson's new wife "pressed him hard," using tears and a guilt trip to get the answer. Eventually, he buckled under the pressure and gave her the answer. In turn, the companions were able to win Samson’s bet. Samson was enraged in "hot anger" and "returned to his father's house." Eventually, thinking Samson had abandoned his wife, they gave her to one of the companions. After a while, Samson returned with a gift in hand to be with his wife. However, her father refused to let him reclaim his bride, saying, "I really thought that you utterly hated her, so I gave her to your companion." He then tried to compensate Samson by offering him the younger sister. He even appealed to Samson’s appetite for beautiful women, saying, “Is not her younger sister more beautiful than she?" This led to Samson taking revenge on the Philistines, who then retaliated and “burned her and her father with fire." Samson responded by taking revenge on the Philistines yet again. In response, the Philistines captured Samson, bound him in rope, and prepared to execute him. But the Spirit of the Lord came upon him again, and he killed 1,000 Philistines with the jawbone of a donkey. Samson judged Israel in the days of the Philistines for 20 years.
|
||||
|
||||
One day Samson traveled to the Philistine town of Gaza and "there he saw a prostitute, and he went in to her." When the people of the town heard that Samson was there, "they surrounded the place and set an ambush for him all night at the gate of the city." While Samson was with the prostitute, they waited until morning to kill him. Samson, however, left at midnight, and used his incredible strength to remove the gates of the city. He carried them on his shoulders and, unharmed, left the city.
|
||||
One day Samson traveled to the Philistine town of Gaza, and "there he saw a prostitute, and he went in to her." When the people of the town heard that Samson was there, "they surrounded the place and set an ambush for him all night at the gate of the city." While Samson was with the prostitute, they waited until morning to kill him. However, Samson left at midnight and used his incredible strength to remove the city's gates. He carried them on his shoulders and, unharmed, left the city.
|
||||
|
||||
Some time later, Samson grew attracted to a woman named Delilah. Being a liaison that Samson grew to love, Delilah served as a tool for the Philistines, who bribed her to find out the secret of Samson’s strength. She accepted the terms and schemed to seduce him. At this stage in his journey, Samson had already broken two of his three Nazirite vows. His last vow was to refrain from cutting his hair.
|
||||
Sometime later, Samson grew attracted to a woman named Delilah. Being a liaison Samson grew to love, Delilah served as a tool for the Philistines, who bribed her to discover the secret of Samson’s strength. She accepted the terms and schemed to seduce him. At this stage in his journey, Samson had already broken two of his three Nazirite vows. His last vow was to refrain from cutting his hair.
|
||||
|
||||
Multiple times Delilah pressed Samson for the secret to his strength. Each time Samson would give her a false answer and Delilah would use the information to try to give Samson over to the Philistines. As one who had slaughtered hundreds of their people, the Philistines wanted to destroy this Israelite deliverer. They wanted to overpower him, bind him, and humble him. Each time, Delilah’s scheme failed. Much like Samson’s wife from Timnah, Delilah manipulated Samson. She bemoaned that Samson mocked her and lied to her. She laid guilt on him, claiming that his love for her was not genuine. Eventually, as "she pressed him hard with her words day after day, and urged him, his soul was vexed to death and Samson then "told her all his heart." Sadly, the secret was out and now the last of his Nazirite vows was at risk. After getting Samson to fall asleep on her knees, Delilah called one of the Philistine men to come and cut his hair. When this last part of his Nazirite vow had been broken "his strength left him". The Philistines ambushed him, seized him, bound him, and gouged out his eyes. Delilah had betrayed Samson for money.
|
||||
Multiple times Delilah pressed Samson for the secret to his strength. Each time Samson would give her a false answer, and Delilah would use the information to try to give Samson over to the Philistines. As one who had slaughtered hundreds of their people, the Philistines wanted to destroy this Israelite deliverer. They wanted to overpower him, bind him, and humble him. Each time, Delilah’s scheme failed. Much like Samson’s wife from Timnah, Delilah manipulated Samson. She bemoaned that Samson mocked her and lied to her. She laid guilt on him, claiming that his love for her was not genuine. Eventually, as "she pressed him hard with her words day after day, and urged him, his soul was vexed to death, and Samson then "told her all his heart." Sadly, the secret was out, and now the last of his Nazirite vows was at risk. After getting Samson to fall asleep on her knees, Delilah called a Philistine man to cut his hair. When this last part of his Nazirite vow had been broken, "his strength left him." The Philistines ambushed him, seized him, bound him, and gouged out his eyes. Delilah had betrayed Samson for money.
|
||||
|
||||
Samson's compromise caused the Philistines to celebrate their false god, Dagon. They brought Samson out to entertain them. Samson, who was once incomparable in strength, now had to be led by the hand of a young man. Nevertheless, after being captured, Samson’s hair started to grow again. When Samson was brought into Dagon's temple, he rested his hands against the pillars that held up the building. He called to the Lord to "please remember me and please strengthen me only this once, O God, that I may be avenged on the Philistines for my two eyes." He pressed outward on the pillars with "all his strength" and the house collapsed, killing many Philistines and Samson himself. In fact, "the dead whom he killed at his death were more than those whom he had killed during his life."
|
||||
Samson's compromise caused the Philistines to celebrate their false god, Dagon. They brought Samson out to entertain them. Samson, who was once incomparable in strength, now had to be led by the hand of a young man. Nevertheless, after being captured, Samson’s hair started to grow again. When Samson was brought into Dagon's temple, he rested his hands against the pillars that held up the building. He called to the Lord to "Please remember me and please strengthen me only this once, O God, that I may be avenged on the Philistines for my two eyes." He pressed outward on the pillars with "all his strength," and the house collapsed, killing many Philistines and Samson himself. In fact, "the dead whom he killed at his death were more than those he had killed during his life."
|
||||
|
||||
### General Book Introduction
|
||||
The Book of Judges tells of events that occurred after the Israelites settled in the Promised Land. The events in this book happened over a period of about 150 years. This book describes how the Israelites repeatedly sinned against Yahweh during this time. They worshiped false gods and did the same wicked things as the peoples who lived around them. Therefore, God would allow enemies to defeat and oppress the Israelites. Eventually, the Israelites would call to Yahweh for help. Yahweh would then cause someone to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. This person was called a "judge." The Israelites would live in peace until the judge died. After that judge died, the Israelites would start sinning again. So this pattern of events would repeat.
|
||||
The Book of Judges tells of events that occurred after the Israelites settled in the Promised Land. The events in this book happened over about 150 years. This book describes how the Israelites repeatedly sinned against Yahweh during this time. They worshiped false gods and did the same wicked things as the people who lived around them. Therefore, God would allow enemies to defeat and oppress the Israelites. Eventually, the Israelites would call to Yahweh for help. Yahweh would then cause someone to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. This person was called a "judge." The Israelites would live in peace until the judge died. After that judge died, the Israelites would start sinning again. So this pattern of events would repeat.
|
||||
|
||||
### Passage Outline
|
||||
1. Israel turns away from God yet again (13:1a)
|
||||
|
|
@ -53,58 +53,58 @@ The Book of Judges tells of events that occurred after the Israelites settled in
|
|||
|
||||
### Important Themes
|
||||
|
||||
**God's Calling:** This narrative shows the importance of God's calling in our lives. God called Samson to be a Nazirite and a judge from birth; yet Samson repeatedly failed to live up to his calling, or to even take it seriously during his life. As a consequence for this failure, Israel remained under Philistine rule, and Samson fell deeper into sin. The latter eventually cost him his life. God gives us the option to rebel against his will and plan for our lives. But when we plot our own course it always leaves us restless and unfulfilled.
|
||||
**God's Calling:** This narrative shows the importance of God's calling in our lives. God called Samson to be a Nazirite and a judge from birth, yet Samson repeatedly failed to live up to his calling or to even take it seriously during his life. Due to this failure, Israel remained under Philistine rule, and Samson fell deeper into sin. The latter eventually cost him his life. God gives us the option to rebel against his will and plan for our lives. But when we plot our own course, it always leaves us restless and unfulfilled.
|
||||
|
||||
**Sinful Culture:** This narrative shows the pervasive effects of sinful culture. This culture had a negative impact on Samson's parents, who, although godly, made several compromises against God's will. Helping their son marry a Philistine woman is one example of this failure. This same sinful culture affected Samson himself. His obsession with women and sex led him to disregard his calling and break his Nazirite vows on several occasions. God wants his people to be beacons of light in sinful cultures, not let that culture compromise their calling.
|
||||
|
||||
**Sexual Sin:** This narrative shows the destructive effects of sexual sin. Because Samson valued his relationships with woman more than his calling from God, he repeatedly broke his Nazarite vows and ignored his calling as a judge. When sexual sin is pervasive in culture, it can lead believers astray. A proper view of sex and marriage, as presented in Scripture, must be deeply rooted in the hearts of God's people.
|
||||
**Sexual Sin:** This narrative shows the destructive effects of sexual sin. Because Samson valued his relationships with women more than his calling from God, he repeatedly broke his Nazarite vows and ignored his calling as a judge. When sexual sin is pervasive in culture, it can lead believers astray. A proper view of sex and marriage, as presented in Scripture, must be deeply rooted in the hearts of God's people.
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- page break -->
|
||||
|
||||
### Passage Translation
|
||||
13:1 The people of Israel again did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh,[^1] and he gave them into the hand of the Philistines for forty years.[^2] 2 There was a man from Zorah, of the clan of the Danites, whose name was Manoah. His wife was not able to become pregnant and so she had not given birth. 3 The angel of Yahweh appeared to the woman and said to her, "See now, you have been unable to become pregnant, and you have not given birth, but you will become pregnant and you will give birth to a son.[^3] 4 Now be careful not to drink wine or strong drink,[^4] and do not eat anything unclean.[^5]
|
||||
|
||||
[^1]: **13:1** **The people of Israel again did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh** (**L**: *The sons of Israel continued to do this evil in the eyes of Yahweh* | **S**: *Again the Israelite people did evil*) After a period of repentance, the Israelites returned to their sinful practices. The phrase **in the sight of Yahweh** means according to Yahweh's judgement or evaluation. The term **evil** likely refers to idolatry and associated sinful practices. The Lord warned that Israel would continually return to idols after the judge who delivered them had died (Judges 2:19), and that is exactly what happened. Sinful cultures make it more difficult for individuals not to sin, and sinful individuals perpetuate sinful cultures. Translate **The people of Israel again did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh** to mean the Israelites returned to their sinful practices which violated Yahweh's commandments.
|
||||
[^1]: **13:1** **The people of Israel again did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh** (**L**: *The sons of Israel continued to do this evil in the eyes of Yahweh* | **S**: *Again the Israelite people did evil*) After a period of repentance, the Israelites returned to their sinful practices. The phrase **in the sight of Yahweh** means according to Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. The term **evil** likely refers to idolatry and associated sinful practices. The Lord warned that Israel would continually return to idols after the judge who delivered them died (Judges 2:19), which is exactly what happened. Sinful cultures make it more difficult for individuals not to sin, and sinful individuals perpetuate sinful cultures. Translate **The people of Israel again did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh** to mean the Israelites returned to their sinful practices, which violated Yahweh's commandments.
|
||||
|
||||
[^2]: **13:1** **he gave them into the hand of the Philistines for forty years** (**L**: *Yahweh gave them over into the hand of the Philistines forty years* | **S**: *Yahweh helped the Philistines to conquer them. They ruled over the Israelites for forty years.*) Yahweh allowed the Philistines to conquer the Israelites as punishment for their repeated idolatry. The phrase **gave them into the hand of the Philistines** means allowed the Philistines to conquer and subject them. Despite God's warnings, Israel continued to worship foreign gods. The Lord punishes sinful cultures just like he punishes individuals. Translate **he gave them into the hand of the Philistines for forty years** to mean Yahweh allowed the Philistines to defeat the Israelites and oppress them for forty years.
|
||||
|
||||
[^3]: **13:3** **you will become pregnant and you will give birth to a son** (**L**: *you will conceive and you will bear a son* | **S**: *you will soon become pregnant and you will give birth to a son.*) Despite being barren, the angel told the wife of Manoah that she would become pregnant and have a son. The phrase **give birth to a son** means bear a son or have a baby boy. God was about to miraculously allow for Manoah's wife to conceive. This was an indicator of how important Samson would be. At times, God raises up special leaders to impact the world for his glory. He has specific plans for their lives that can only be realized if they submit their lives to him. Translate **you will become pregnant and you will give birth to a son** to mean you will son become pregnant and have a baby boy.
|
||||
[^3]: **13:3** **you will become pregnant and you will give birth to a son** (**L**: *you will conceive and you will bear a son* | **S**: *you will soon become pregnant and you will give birth to a son.*) Despite being barren, the angel told the wife of Manoah that she would become pregnant and have a son. The phrase **give birth to a son** means to bear a son or have a baby boy. God was about to miraculously allow for Manoah's wife to conceive. This was an indicator of how important Samson would be. Sometimes, God raises special leaders to impact the world for his glory. He has specific plans for their lives that can only be realized if they submit their lives to him. Translate **you will become pregnant and you will give birth to a son** to mean you will soon become pregnant and have a baby boy.
|
||||
|
||||
[^4]: **13:4** **be careful not to drink wine or strong drink** (**L**: *take care that you surely do not drink wine or strong drink* | **S**: *you must not drink any wine or other alcoholic drink*) The angel instructed the wife of Manoah not to drink any wife or other alcoholic drink while she was pregnant with the baby. The phrase **strong drink** means alcoholic drink. The wife of Manoah was to follow the same Nazirite rules as Samson would (see verse 5), while the baby was still in her womb. This would ensure no breach of Samson's Nazirite vow before he was born. Translate **be careful not to drink wine or strong drink** to mean do not drink wine or alcoholic beverages.
|
||||
[^4]: **13:4** **be careful not to drink wine or strong drink** (**L**: *take care that you surely do not drink wine or strong drink* | **S**: *you must not drink any wine or other alcoholic drink*). The angel instructed the wife of Manoah not to drink any wife or other alcoholic drink while she was pregnant with the baby. The phrase **strong drink** means an alcoholic drink. The wife of Manoah was to follow the same Nazirite rules as Samson would (see verse 5) while the baby was still in her womb. This would ensure no breach of Samson's Nazirite vow before he was born. Translate **be careful not to drink wine or strong drink** to mean do not drink wine or alcoholic beverages.
|
||||
|
||||
[^5]: **13:4** **do not eat anything unclean** (**L**: *do not eat anything unclean* | **S**: *you must not eat any food that the law says we should not eat*) Manoah's wife was not to eat anything ceremonially unclean. The phrase **anything unclean** means anything that is ceremonially unclean which Yahweh has commanded you not to eat. See note on 13:4 above. Translate **do not eat anything unclean** to mean do not eat any ceremonially unclean food that the law forbids.
|
||||
[^5]: **13:4** **do not eat anything unclean** (**L**: *do not eat anything unclean* | **S**: *you must not eat any food that the law says we should not eat*) Manoah's wife was not to eat anything ceremonially unclean. The phrase **anything unclean** means anything that is ceremonially unclean, which Yahweh has commanded you not to eat. See note on 13:4 above. Translate **do not eat anything unclean** to mean do not eat any ceremonially unclean food that the law forbids.
|
||||
|
||||
5 Look, you will become pregnant and give birth to a son.[^6] No razor will be used upon his head,[^7] for the child will be a Nazirite to God from the womb,[^8] and he will begin to deliver Israel from the hand of the Philistines."[^9] 6 Then the woman came and told her husband, "A man of God came to me, and his appearance was like that of an angel of God, very terrible.[^10] I did not ask him where he came from, and he did not tell me his name. 7 He said to me, 'Look! You will become pregnant,[^11] and you will give birth to a son.[^12] So then drink no wine or strong drink,[^13] and do not eat any food that the law declares to be unclean,[^14] because the child will be a Nazirite to God[^15] from the time he is in your womb until the day of his death.'"[^16]
|
||||
|
||||
[^6]: **13:5** **you will become pregnant and give birth to a son.** See note on 13:3.
|
||||
|
||||
[^7]: **13:5** **No razor will be used upon his head,** (**L**: *A razor will not go up upon his head* | **S**: *no one may ever cut his hair*) The angel commanded the wife of Manoah not to allow anyone to cut the boy's hair. The phrase **no razor will be used upon his head** means no one should be permitted to use a razor to cut his hair. This is one of the three rules of the Nazirite vow, recorded in Numbers 6:1-21. The other two prohibitions were the touching of corpses and the eating of unclean food. According to the Nazirite vow, both of these were also forbidden. God placed Samson under this vow before he was born. God commissions parents to help their kids live lives devoted to God. This is very hard to do in sinful cultures. Translate **No razor will be used upon his head to mean **allow no one should be allowed to cut his hair.
|
||||
[^7]: **13:5** **No razor will be used upon his head,** (**L**: *A razor will not go up upon his head* | **S**: *no one may ever cut his hair*). The angel commanded the wife of Manoah not to allow anyone to cut the boy's hair. The phrase **no razor will be used upon his head** means no one should be permitted to use a razor to cut his hair. This is one of the three rules of the Nazirite vow, recorded in Numbers 6:1-21. The other two prohibitions were the touching of corpses and the eating of unclean food. According to the Nazirite vow, both of these were also forbidden. God placed Samson under this vow before he was born. God commissions parents to help their kids live lives devoted to God. This is very hard to do in sinful cultures. Translate **No razor will be used upon his head to mean **allow no one should be allowed to cut his hair.
|
||||
|
||||
[^8]: **13:5** **for the child will be a Nazirite to God from the womb.** (**L**: *for a Nazirite to God from the womb the boy will be* | **S**: *He will be dedicated to God even before he is born until the day he dies*) The Angel of God told Manoah's wife that her son would be a Nazirite even while still in her womb. The phrase **will be a Nazirite to God** means live in obedience to the Nazirite vow. This meant no alcohol, no touching of corpses, and no cutting of hair. This was the type of leader that Israel actually needed, even though they were to deep in their sin to know it. They needed a leader who would live a godly life despite the sinful culture around him. That culture was steeped in idolatry and sexual sin. God calls his followers to live lives that glorify him. They should be like a light in the darkness of sinful culture. Translate **for the child will be a Nazirite to God from the womb** to mean the baby will obey the Nazirite vow even while he's still in the womb.
|
||||
[^8]: **13:5** **for the child will be a Nazirite to God from the womb.** (**L**: *for a Nazirite to God from the womb the boy will be* | **S**: *He will be dedicated to God even before he is born until the day he dies*) The Angel of God told Manoah's wife that her son would be a Nazirite even while still in her womb. The phrase **will be a Nazirite to God** means to live in obedience to the Nazirite vow. This meant no alcohol, no touching of corpses, and no cutting of hair. This was the type of leader that Israel actually needed, even though they were too deep in their sin to know it. They needed a leader who would live a godly life despite the sinful culture around him. That culture was steeped in idolatry and sexual sin. God calls his followers to live lives that glorify him. They should be like a light in the darkness of sinful culture. Translate **for the child will be a Nazirite to God from the womb** to mean the baby will obey the Nazirite vow even while he's still in the womb.
|
||||
|
||||
[^9]: **13:5** **he will begin to deliver Israel from the hand of the Philistines.** (**L**: *He will begin to deliver Israel from the hand of the Philistines* | **S**: *He will begin the work that will rescue Israel from the power of the Philistines*) The angel also told Manoah's wife that Samson would begin to save Israel from Philistine control. The phrase **to deliver Israel** means to save Israel. The phrase **from the hand of the Philistines** means from Philistine rule. The angel declared that Samson would be a judge, and would help save his people from their oppressors like the judges before him. Unlike the previous periods of oppression in the book of Judges, the Israelites did not ask for a deliverer to save them from the Philistines. They were content to be oppressed and to continue in their sin. But God often saves his people even when they don't realize they need saving. He is a loving God who saves us from ourselves. Translate **he will begin to deliver Israel from the hand of the Philistines** to mean he will start to liberate us from Philistine control.
|
||||
[^9]: **13:5** **he will begin to deliver Israel from the hand of the Philistines.** (**L**: *He will begin to deliver Israel from the hand of the Philistines* | **S**: *He will begin the work that will rescue Israel from the power of the Philistines*) The angel also told Manoah's wife that Samson would begin to save Israel from Philistine control. The phrase **to deliver Israel** means to save Israel. The phrase **from the hand of the Philistines** means from Philistine rule. The angel declared that Samson would be a judge, and he would help save his people from their oppressors like the judges before him. Unlike the previous periods of oppression in the book of Judges, the Israelites did not ask for a deliverer to save them from the Philistines. They were content to be oppressed and to continue in their sin. But God often saves his people even when they don't realize they need saving. He is a loving God who saves us from ourselves. Translate **he will begin to deliver Israel from the hand of the Philistines** to mean he will start to liberate us from Philistine control.
|
||||
|
||||
[^10]: **13:6** **his appearance was like that of an angel of God, very terrible** (**L**: *His appearance was as the appearance of the messenger of God, exceedingly fearsome* | **S**: *he was like an angel from God.*) Manoah's wife told her husband that the man looked like an angel from God. The phrase **his appearance was like that of an angel of God** means he looked like one of God's angels. The phrase **very terrible** means his appearance was very frightening. God often uses angels to deliver very important news. Leaders who fight against God's enemies, and fight for purity in a sinful culture, are very important. Translate **his appearance was like that of an angel of God, very terrible** to mean he looked like an angel and was very frightening to look at.
|
||||
|
||||
[^11]: **13:7** **You will become pregnant** See note on 13:3.
|
||||
[^11]: **13:7** **You will become pregnant**. See note on 13:3.
|
||||
|
||||
[^12]: **13:7** **you will give birth to a son** See note on 13:3.
|
||||
[^12]: **13:7** **you will give birth to a son**. See note on 13:3.
|
||||
|
||||
[^13]: **13:7** **drink no wine or strong drink** See note on 13:4.
|
||||
[^13]: **13:7** **drink no wine or strong drink**. See note on 13:4.
|
||||
|
||||
[^14]: **13:7** **do not eat any food that the law declares to be unclean** See note on 13:4.
|
||||
|
||||
[^15]: **13:7** **because the child will be a Nazirite to God** See note on 13:5.
|
||||
[^15]: **13:7** **because the child will be a Nazirite to God**. See note on 13:5.
|
||||
|
||||
[^16]: **13:7** **from the time he is in your womb until the day of his death.** See note on 13:5. Manoah's wife gives the length of Samson's Nazirite vow, which was from birth until death.
|
||||
|
||||
8 Then Manoah prayed to Yahweh and said, "Oh, Lord, please let the man of God you sent come again to us so that he may teach us what we are to do for the child who soon will be born." 9 God listened to the voice of Manoah,[^17] and the angel of God came to the woman again when she was sitting in the field. But Manoah her husband was not with her. 10 So the woman ran quickly and told her husband, "Look! The man has appeared to me—the one who came to me the other day!" 11 Manoah got up and followed his wife. When he came to the man, he said, "Are you the man who spoke with my wife?" The man said, "I am." 12 So Manoah said, "Now may your words come true. What will be the rules for the child, and what will be his work?" 13 The angel of Yahweh said to Manoah, "She must carefully do everything that I said to her.[^18] 14 She may not eat anything that comes from the vines,[^19] and do not let her drink wine or strong drink[^20] or eat anything unclean.[^21] She must obey everything I have commanded her to do."
|
||||
|
||||
[^17]: **13:9** **God listened to the voice of Manoah** (**L**: *The true God listened to the voice of Manoah* | **S**: *God did what Manoah asked*) The Lord heard Manoah's prayer and responded by sending his angel a second time. The phrase **listened to the voice of Manoah** means heard Manoah's prayer and gave him what he asked for. God hears the prayers of parents who seek his guidance. We need wisdom from God to raise children right in sinful cultures. Translate **God listened to the voice of Manoah** to mean God heard Manoah's prayer and gave him what he requested.
|
||||
[^17]: **13:9** **God listened to the voice of Manoah** (**L**: *The true God listened to the voice of Manoah* | **S**: *God did what Manoah asked*). The Lord heard Manoah's prayer and responded by sending his angel a second time. The phrase **listened to the voice of Manoah** means heard Manoah's prayer and gave him what he asked for. God hears the prayers of parents who seek his guidance. We need wisdom from God to raise children right in sinful cultures. Translate **God listened to the voice of Manoah** to mean God heard Manoah's prayer and gave him what he requested.
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[^18]: **13:13** **She must carefully do everything that I said to her** (**L**: *Because of all that I have said to the woman, she must take heed herself* | **S**: *Your wife must obey all the instructions I gave her*) The angel told Manoah that his wife must carefully obey all the instructions she was given during her first encounter with the angel. The phrase **everything I said to her** refers to the instructions given by the angel during his first encounter with Manoah's wife. This uncertainty and need for repeated instructions is partially due to the poor spiritual state of Israel. Although Manoah and his wife's faith were better than most in Israel at this time, they had also been affected by the sinful culture around them. Sinful culture will weaken our relationship with God if we let it. Translate **She must carefully do everything that I said to her** to mean she must carefully observe all the instructions I gave her during our first encounter.
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[^19]: **13:14** **She may not eat anything that comes from the vines.** The angel increased the restrictions on Manoah's wife's diet by stating that she could not eat anything grown on vines. This is an addition. Manoah's wife is to abstain from wine, any other alcoholic beverage, and from eating grape products as well. See note on 13:4.
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[^19]: **13:14** **She may not eat anything that comes from the vines.** The angel increased the restrictions on Manoah's wife's diet by stating that she could not eat anything grown on vines. This is an addition. Manoah's wife is to abstain from wine and any other alcoholic beverage and from eating grape products as well. See note on 13:4.
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[^20]: **13:14** **do not let her drink wine or strong drink.** See note on 13:4.
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@ -112,91 +112,91 @@ The Book of Judges tells of events that occurred after the Israelites settled in
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15 Manoah said to the angel of Yahweh, "Please stay for a while, to give us time to prepare a young goat for you." 16 The angel of Yahweh said to Manoah, "Even if I stay, I will not eat your food. But if you prepare a burnt offering, offer it to Yahweh."[^22] (Manoah did not know that he was the angel of Yahweh.)[^23] 17 Manoah said to the angel of Yahweh, "What is your name, so we may honor you when your words come true?"[^24] 18 The angel of Yahweh said to him, "Why do you ask my name? It is wonderful!"[^25] 19 So Manoah took the young goat with the grain offering and offered them on the rock to Yahweh.[^26] He did something marvelous while Manoah and his wife were watching. 20 When the flame went up from the altar toward the sky, the angel of Yahweh went up in the flame of the altar.[^27] Manoah and his wife saw this and lay facedown on the ground.[^28]
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[^22]: **13:16** **if you prepare a burnt offering, offer it to Yahweh** (**L**: *But if you would prepare a burnt offering for Yahweh, you may offer it* | **S**: *you may kill an animal and sacrifice it as a burned offering to Yahweh*) After telling Manoah that he would not eat any food prepared for him, the angel told Manoah that a burnt offering would be appropriate. The phrase **prepare a burnt offering** means select an animal and get it ready to be sacrificed. The statement **offer it to Yahweh** means kill the animal and burn it as a sacrifice and offering to Yahweh. Manoah and his wife did not recognize the Angel of God. Nor did they know how to properly behave in his presence. Extending emersion in the sinful Israelite culture had greatly lessened their ability to perceive God. Long exposure to sinful culture can blur our perception of God. We must commune with him and his word daily to see, hear, and know him correctly. Translate **if you prepare a burnt offering, offer it to Yahweh** to mean instead, you may kill an animal and sacrifice it as a burnt offering to Yahweh.
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[^22]: **13:16** **if you prepare a burnt offering, offer it to Yahweh** (**L**: *But if you would prepare a burnt offering for Yahweh, you may offer it* | **S**: *you may kill an animal and sacrifice it as a burned offering to Yahweh*) After telling Manoah that he would not eat any food prepared for him, the angel told Manoah that a burnt offering would be appropriate. The phrase **prepare a burnt offering** means to select an animal and get it ready to be sacrificed. The statement **offer it to Yahweh** means to kill the animal, burn it as a sacrifice, and offer it to Yahweh. Manoah and his wife did not recognize the Angel of God. Nor did they know how to properly behave in his presence. Extending emersion in the sinful Israelite culture greatly lessened their ability to perceive God. Long exposure to sinful culture can blur our perception of God. We must commune with him and his word daily to see, hear, and know him correctly. Translate **if you prepare a burnt offering, offer it to Yahweh** to mean instead, you may kill an animal and sacrifice it as a burnt offering to Yahweh.
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[^23]: **13:16** **Manoah did not know that he was the angel of Yahweh.** The author makes clear what was already evident from the actions of Manoah and his wife. If they had known to whom they were speaking, they would have related to the Angel of the Lord as to God himself. See note on 13:16.
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[^23]: **13:16** **Manoah did not know that he was the angel of Yahweh.** The author clarifies what was already evident from the actions of Manoah and his wife. If they had known to whom they were speaking, they would have related to the Angel of the Lord as to God himself. See note on 13:16.
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[^24]: **13:17** **What is your name, so we may honor you when your words come true?** This questions also shows the weakened spiritual perception of Manoah and his wife. See note on 13:16.
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[^24]: **13:17** **What is your name, so we may honor you when your words come true?** This question also shows the weakened spiritual perception of Manoah and his wife. See note on 13:16.
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[^25]: **13:18** **Why do you ask my name? It is wonderful!** (**L**: *Why is this, you are asking about my name, but it is incomprehensible!* | **S**: *Why do you ask me my name? It is too marvelous.*) The angel rebuked Manoah by asking him why he would ask such a question. The question **why do you ask my name** is a rebuke that means you should not ask me for my name. The statement **it is wonderful** is a way of saying my name is too wonderful or marvelous for you to understand. Manoah's question is yet another indication of his lack of spiritual awareness, and his inability to worship God properly. We we live in sinful cultures, it can hurt our worship of God. We can forget how to honor him as holy, wonderful, and worthy of our awe and our praise. Translate **Why do you ask my name? It is wonderful!** to mean you should not ask for my name; it is too marvelous for you to comprehend.
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[^25]: **13:18** **Why do you ask my name? It is wonderful!** (**L**: *Why is this, you are asking about my name, but it is incomprehensible!* | **S**: *Why do you ask me my name? It is too marvelous.*) The angel rebuked Manoah by asking him why he would ask such a question. The question **why do you ask my name** is a rebuke that means you should not ask me for my name. The statement **it is wonderful** is a way of saying my name is too wonderful or marvelous for you to understand. Manoah's question is yet another indication of his lack of spiritual awareness and his inability to worship God properly. We live in sinful cultures, which can hurt our worship of God. We can forget how to honor him as holy, wonderful, and worthy of our awe and praise. Translate **Why do you ask my name? It is wonderful!** to mean you should not ask for my name; it is too marvelous for you to comprehend.
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[^26]: **13:19** **offered them on the rock to Yahweh** (**L**: *he brought up a sacrifice upon the rock to Yahweh* | **S**: *burned it on a rock, along with a grain offering, as a sacrifice to Yahweh*) Manoah obeyed the Angel of God and offered a burnt sacrifice to Yahweh, along with a grain offering. The phrase **offered them on the rock to Yahweh** means burned the animal and grain on the rock as an offering to Yahweh. Although confused about many things, Manoah and his wife obeyed the angel when they were corrected. This showed that their hearts were right even if their understanding of God had been severely weakened by culture. Even after partially giving in to culture, we can return to God and his word at any time for restoration. Repentance and obedience are first among the steps toward such change. Translate **offered them on the rock to Yahweh** to mean burned the animal and grain on the rock as a burnt offering to Yahweh.
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[^26]: **13:19** **offered them on the rock to Yahweh** (**L**: *he brought up a sacrifice upon the rock to Yahweh* | **S**: *burned it on a rock, along with a grain offering, as a sacrifice to Yahweh*) Manoah obeyed the Angel of God and offered a burnt sacrifice to Yahweh, along with a grain offering. The phrase **offered them on the rock to Yahweh** means burned the animal and grain on the rock as an offering to Yahweh. Although confused about many things, Manoah and his wife obeyed the angel when they were corrected. This showed that their hearts were right even if their understanding of God had been severely weakened by culture. Even after partially giving in to the culture, we can return to God and his word at any time for restoration. Repentance and obedience are first among the steps toward such change. Translate **offered them on the rock to Yahweh** to mean burned the animal and grain on the rock as a burnt offering to Yahweh.
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[^27]: **13:20** **the angel of Yahweh went up in the flame of the altar.** (**L**: *the messenger of Yahweh went up in the flame of the altar* | **S**: *Yahweh’s angel went up in the flame from the altar*) The Angel of God went up in the flames coming from the altar. The phrase **went up in the flame** means ascended back into heaven through the flames coming from the altar. Manoah and his wife witnessed this miraculous feat. The Angel of God revealed to them his true identify. Often when we seek God and obey, even imperfectly, he will correct our misunderstandings and reveal himself to us more fully. Translate **the angel of Yahweh went up in the flame of the altar** to mean the Angel of Yahweh rose back into heaven in the midst of the flames coming from the altar.
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[^27]: **13:20** **the angel of Yahweh went up in the flame of the altar.** (**L**: *the messenger of Yahweh went up in the flame of the altar* | **S**: *Yahweh’s angel went up in the flame from the altar*) The Angel of God went up in the flames coming from the altar. The phrase **went up in the flame** means ascended back into heaven through the flames coming from the altar. Manoah and his wife witnessed this miraculous feat. The Angel of God revealed to them his true identity. Often, when we seek God and obey, even imperfectly, he will correct our misunderstandings and reveal himself to us more fully. Translate **the angel of Yahweh went up in the flame of the altar** to mean the Angel of Yahweh rose back into heaven in the midst of the flames coming from the altar.
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[^28]: **13:20** **Manoah and his wife saw this and lay facedown on the ground** (**L**: *As a result they fell on their faces to the ground* | **S**: *Manoah and his wife saw that and lay facedown on the ground*) After seeing the angel ascend through the flames from the altar, Manoah and wife fell face down on the ground. Laying **facedown on the ground** is a symbolic act that shows respect and honor. After seeing this miracle, Manoah and his wife finally understood who the angel was, and finally began to relate to and worship God properly. When living in a sinful culture, it often takes an act of God to wake us up from our spiritual slumber. Without this, we can often remain asleep to the things of God. Translate **Manoah and his wife saw this and lay facedown on the ground** to mean after seeing the angel ascend through the flame, Manoah and his wife lay facedown on the ground to show their respect and honor of Yahweh.
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[^28]: **13:20** **Manoah and his wife saw this and lay facedown on the ground** (**L**: *As a result they fell on their faces to the ground* | **S**: *Manoah and his wife saw that and lay facedown on the ground*) After seeing the angel ascend through the flames from the altar, Manoah and wife fell face down on the ground. Laying **facedown on the ground** is a symbolic act that shows respect and honor. After seeing this miracle, Manoah and his wife finally understood who the angel was and finally began to relate to and worship God properly. When living in a sinful culture, it often takes an act of God to wake us up from our spiritual slumber. Without this, we can often remain asleep to the things of God. Translate **Manoah and his wife saw this and lay facedown on the ground** to mean that after seeing the angel ascend through the flame, he and his wife lay facedown on the ground to show their respect and honor for Yahweh.
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21 The angel of Yahweh did not appear again to Manoah or his wife. Then Manoah knew that he was the angel of Yahweh.[^29] 22 Manoah said to his wife, "We are sure to die, because we have seen God!"[^30] 23 But his wife said to him, "If Yahweh wanted to kill us, he would not have received the burnt offering and the grain offering we gave him.[^31] He would not have shown us all these things,[^32] nor at this time would he have let us hear such things."[^33] 24 Later the woman gave birth to a son, and called his name Samson. The child grew up and Yahweh blessed him.[^34] 25 Yahweh's Spirit began to stir him[^35] in Mahaneh Dan, between Zorah and Eshtaol.
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[^29]: **13:21** **Manoah knew that he was the angel of Yahweh.** After all the events that had taken place, and after seeing the angel of God return to heaven through the flam, Manoah finally understood that they had been speaking with the Angel of Yahweh. See note on 13:20.
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[^29]: **13:21** **Manoah knew that he was the angel of Yahweh.** After all the events that had taken place and seeing the angel of God return to heaven through the flam, Manoah finally understood that they had been speaking with the Angel of Yahweh. See note on 13:20.
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[^30]: **13:22** **We are sure to die, because we have seen God!** (**L**: *Surely we will die, because we have seen God!* | **S**: *Now we are sure to die, because we have seen God!*) Manoah thought that since he and his wife had seen God they would surely die. Seeing God in a certain way would result in death for humans (see Exodus 33:20). But this did not typically apply when God came as the angel of God. Many others, before Manoah, had encountered the angel of God and lived (see Gen 22 and Judges 6:20). This reaction, however, shows an awareness of Yahweh's holiness. Sinful man cannot relate to God without first dealing with his sin. And he cannot deal with his sin without God's help. Translate **We are sure to die, because we have seen God!** to mean because we have seen Yahweh with our eyes, we will now surely die.
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[^30]: **13:22** **We are sure to die, because we have seen God!** (**L**: *Surely we will die, because we have seen God!* | **S**: *Now we are sure to die, because we have seen God!*) Manoah thought that they would surely die since he and his wife had seen God. Seeing God in a certain way would result in death for humans (see Exodus 33:20). But this did not typically apply when God came as the angel of God. Many others, before Manoah, had encountered the angel of God and lived (see Gen 22 and Judges 6:20). This reaction, however, shows an awareness of Yahweh's holiness. Sinful man cannot relate to God without first dealing with his sin. And he cannot deal with his sin without God's help. Translate **We are sure to die, because we have seen God!** to mean because we have seen Yahweh with our eyes, we will now surely die.
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[^31]: **13:23** **If Yahweh wanted to kill us, he would not have received the burnt offering and the grain offering we gave him** (**L**: *Yahweh had desired to kill us, he would not have taken from our hand the whole burnt offering and the offering* | **S**: *If Yahweh intended to kill us, he would not have accepted the burned offering and the grain offering*) Manoah's wife correctly interpreted the angel's ascension through the fire as Yahweh's acceptance of their burnt offering. The statement **he would not have received the burnt offering and the grain offering** means he would not have accepted the burnt and grain offerings. At this point, Manoah's wife has an even greater understanding of Yahweh than her husband. The Lord did not bestow these blessings on them, and their son, just to kill them. Living in a sinful culture can impair our ability to reason about God correctly. Fellowship with other followers of God can help correct misunderstanding. Translate **If Yahweh wanted to kill us, he would not have received the burnt offering and the grain offering we gave him** to mean if Yahweh wanted to kill us, he would not have looked favorably upon the burnt and grain offerings and accepted them from us.
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[^31]: **13:23** **If Yahweh wanted to kill us, he would not have received the burnt offering and the grain offering we gave him** (**L**: *Yahweh had desired to kill us, he would not have taken from our hand the whole burnt offering and the offering* | **S**: *If Yahweh intended to kill us, he would not have accepted the burned offering and the grain offering*) Manoah's wife correctly interpreted the angel's ascension through the fire as Yahweh's acceptance of their burnt offering. The statement **he would not have received the burnt offering and the grain offering** means he would not have accepted the burnt and grain offerings. At this point, Manoah's wife has an even greater understanding of Yahweh than her husband. The Lord did not bestow these blessings on them and their son just to kill them. Living in a sinful culture can impair our ability to reason about God correctly. Fellowship with other followers of God can help correct misunderstandings. Translate **If Yahweh wanted to kill us, he would not have received the burnt offering and the grain offering we gave him**, to mean if Yahweh wanted to kill us, he would not have looked favorably upon the burnt and grain offerings and accepted them from us.
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[^32]: **13:23** **He would not have shown us all these things** (**L**: *He would not have shown us all these things* | **S**: *he would not have appeared to us*) Manoah's wife stated that all the things the Angel of God had shown them were further evidence that he did not plan to kill them. The phrase **all these things** refers to everything the Angel of God had shown them up to this point. See note on 13:23 above. Translate **He would not have shown us all these things** to mean he would not have appeared to us and ascended to heaven through the fire before our eyes.
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[^32]: **13:23** **He would not have shown us all these things** (**L**: *He would not have shown us all these things* | **S**: *he would not have appeared to us*). Manoah's wife stated that all the things the Angel of God had shown them were further evidence that he did not plan to kill them. The phrase **all these things** refers to everything the Angel of God had shown them up to this point. See note on 13:23 above. Translate **He would not have shown us all these things** to mean he would not have appeared to us and ascended to heaven through the fire before our eyes.
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[^33]: **13:23** **nor at this time would he have let us hear such things** (**L**: *and at this time would he have not allowed us to hear about this* | **S**: *and told us the wonderful thing that would happen to us, and he would not have performed this miracle*) Manoah's wife stated that all the things the Angel of God told them were further evidence that he did not plan to kill them. The phrase **such things** refers to everything the Angel of God had told them up to this point. See note on 13:23 above. Translate **nor at this time would he have let us hear such things** to mean nor at this time would he have told us all that he did about our son and his future work.
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[^33]: **13:23** **nor at this time would he have let us hear such things** (**L**: *and at this time would he have not allowed us to hear about this* | **S**: *and told us the wonderful thing that would happen to us, and he would not have performed this miracle*) Manoah's wife stated that all the things the Angel of God told them were further evidence that he did not plan to kill them. The phrase **such things** refer to everything the Angel of God had told them up to this point. See note on 13:23 above. Translate **nor at this time would he have let us hear such things** to mean nor at this time would he have told us all that he did about our son and his future work.
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[^34]: **13:24** **The child grew up and Yahweh blessed him** (**L**:*The boy grew up and Yahweh blessed him* | **S**: *When their son was born, they named him Samson*) Translate **Yahweh blessed him as he grew up.** Samson was born just as the Angel of God said. As he grew up, Yahweh blessed him in various ways. God empowers some of his followers to be special agents of change within culture. They must yield their desires to God's plan for their life. Translate **the child grew up and Yahweh blessed him** to mean the child matured into a man and Yahweh blessed him as he grew up.
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[^34]: **13:24** **The child grew up and Yahweh blessed him** (**L**:*The boy grew up and Yahweh blessed him* | **S**: *When their son was born, they named him Samson*) Translate **Yahweh blessed him as he grew up.** Samson was born just as the Angel of God said. As he grew up, Yahweh blessed him in various ways. God empowers some of his followers to be special agents of change within culture. They must yield their desires to God's plan for their life. Translate **the child grew up and Yahweh blessed him** to mean the child matured into a man, and Yahweh blessed him as he grew up.
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[^35]: **13:25** **Yahweh's Spirit began to stir him** (**L**: *Now the Spirit of Yahweh began to tap him* | **S**: *Yahweh’s Spirit began to control him*) After Samson grew up, while he was in Mahaneh Dan, the Holy Spirit began compelling Samson to make various decisions. The phrase **began to stir him** means began to drive him to do certain things. At a certain point in Samson's life, the Holy Spirit began prompting him to do certain things, or go certain places, at times. Yet the Holy Spirit never forced Samson to sin. For God never leads or forces people to do the wrong things. Translate **Yahweh's Spirit began to stir him** to mean the Holy Spirit began to lead Samson to do certain things at certain times.
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[^35]: **13:25** **Yahweh's Spirit began to stir him** (**L**: *Now the Spirit of Yahweh began to tap him* | **S**: *Yahweh’s Spirit began to control him*). After Samson grew up, while he was in Mahaneh Dan, the Holy Spirit began compelling Samson to make various decisions. The phrase **began to stir him** means to begin to drive him to do certain things. At a certain point in Samson's life, the Holy Spirit sometimes prompted him to do certain things or go to certain places. Yet the Holy Spirit never forced Samson to sin. For God never leads or forces people to do the wrong things. Translate **Yahweh's Spirit began to stir him** to mean the Holy Spirit began to lead Samson to do certain things at certain times.
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14:1 Samson went down to Timnah, and there he saw a woman, one of the daughters of the Philistines.[^36] 2 When he returned, he told his father and mother, "I saw a woman in Timnah, one of the daughters of the Philistines. Now get her for me to be my wife."[^37] 3 His father and mother said to him, "Is there not a woman among the daughters of your relatives, or among all our people?[^38] Are you going to take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines?"[^39] Samson said to his father, "Get her for me, for when I look at her, she pleases me."[^40] 4 But his father and his mother did not know that this matter came from Yahweh, for he desired to create a conflict with the Philistines[^41] (for at that time the Philistines were ruling Israel).
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[^36]: **14:1** **there he saw a woman, one of the daughters of the Philistines** (**L**: *he saw a woman in Tinmah, from the daughters of the Philistines* | **S**: *he saw a young Philistine woman*) While in Timnah, Samson saw a Philistine woman whom he liked. The phrase **one of the daughters of the Philistines** means a young Philistine woman. Although the Israelites were not to marry the women of the idolatrous nations around them (Deut 7:1-5), Samson was physically attracted to this Philistine woman and wanted her for himself. If we're not careful, sexual temptation can lead us off God's path for our lives. Translate **there he saw a woman, one of the daughters of the Philistines** to mean there he saw and was attracted to a Philistine woman.
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[^37]: **14:2** **get her for me to be my wife.** (**L**: *So now take her for me for a wife* | **S**: *I want you to get her for me so I can marry her*) Samson commanded his parents to help him acquire this Philistine woman as a wife. The phrase **get her for me to be my wife** means arrange for her to become my wife. God warned that marrying the women of other nations would lead Israelite men astray (Deut 7:3-4). They would be tempted to worship the gods of their wives. Sexual attraction can lead God's people to marry a person God did not choose. This is another way to disrupt God's plan for our lives. Translate **get her for me to be my wife** to mean make the arrangements for me to marry her.
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[^37]: **14:2** **get her for me to be my wife.** (**L**: *So now take her for me for a wife* | **S**: *I want you to get her for me so I can marry her*) Samson commanded his parents to help him acquire this Philistine woman as a wife. The phrase **get her for me to be my wife** means to arrange for her to become my wife. God warned that marrying the women of other nations would lead Israelite men astray (Deut 7:3-4). They would be tempted to worship the gods of their wives. Sexual attraction can lead God's people to marry a person God did not choose. This is another way to disrupt God's plan for our lives. Translate **get her for me to be my wife** to mean make the arrangements for me to marry her.
|
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[^38]: **14:3** **Is there not a woman among the daughters of your relatives, or among all our people?** (**L**: *Is there not a woman among the daughters of your relatives, or among all of my people?* | **S**: *Is there no woman from our tribe, or from the other Israelite tribes, that you could marry?*) Samson's parents strongly disapproved of Samson's request. The question **Is there not a woman among the daughters of your relatives, or among all of my people?** is another way of saying you should choose an Israelite woman to marry. Samson's parents were concerned about the cultural problems of their son marrying a Philistine woman, but the greater issue was Samson's disregard for God's call on his life. Samson was supposed to defeat the Philistines, not marry them. God wants his people to obey him, not their sinful desires. Being controlled by physical desires often leads to disobedience and sin. Translate **Is there not a woman among the daughters of your relatives, or among all our people?** to mean surely there are women among your people whom you could marry.
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[^39]: **14:3** **Are you going to take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines?** (**L**: *you are going to take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines?* | **S**: *Why do you want a wife from the Philistines, who are not circumcised and do not worship Yahweh?*) Samson's parents rebuked him for wanting to marry a Philistine woman. The question **are you going to take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines?** means you should not take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistine people. See note on 14:3. Translate **Are you going to take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines?** to mean you really should not marry a Philistine woman because the Philistine people do not worship Yahweh.
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[^40]: **14:3** **Get her for me, for when I look at her, she pleases me** (**L**: *Take her for me, because she is right in my eyes* | **S**: *Get her for me! She is the one I want!*) Despite his parents' rebuke, Samson demands they acquire the Philistine woman as a wife for him. The command **get her for me** means arrange with her parents for us to be married. Samson does not seem to carry about Yahweh's plan for his wife. He physical attraction for this woman is more important than obeying his parents, and more important than God's plan to defeat the Philistines. Physical desire outside of marriage can be a powerful temptation to sin. It can lead people to reject the will of the Lord. Translate **Get her for me, for when I look at her, she pleases me** to mean now arrange for her to be my wife.
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[^40]: **14:3** **Get her for me, for when I look at her, she pleases me** (**L**: *Take her for me, because she is right in my eyes* | **S**: *Get her for me! She is the one I want!*) Despite his parents' rebuke, Samson demands they acquire the Philistine woman as a wife for him. The command **get her for me** means arranging with her parents for us to be married. Samson does not seem to care about Yahweh's plan for his wife. His physical attraction to this woman is more important than obeying his parents and more important than God's plan to defeat the Philistines. Physical desire outside of marriage can be a powerful temptation to sin. It can lead people to reject the will of the Lord. Translate **Get her for me, for when I look at her, she pleases me** to mean now arrange for her to be my wife.
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[^41]: **14:4** **his father and his mother did not know that this matter came from Yahweh, for he desired to create a conflict with the Philistines** (**L**: *But his father and his mother did not know that this matter was from Yahweh, for he was seeking an opportunity against the Philistines* | **S**: *His mother and father did not realize that Yahweh was arranging this. He was preparing a way for Samson to create a conflict with the Philistines*) Samson's parents did not know that Yahweh was using Samson's mistakes to carry out his plans. God was using Samson's wrong decisions to cause a conflict between the Israelites and the Philistines. Samson made these sinful choices on his own. Yet Yahweh used them to disrupt the tyranny of the Philistines and their sinful, idolatrous influence over his people. Although people do evil things, God can still use them to bring about good, and to carry out his plans. Translate **his father and his mother did not know that this matter came from Yahweh, for he desired to create a conflict with the Philistines** to mean his father and mother did not know Yahweh was using these events to create a conflict with the Philistines.
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[^41]: **14:4** **his father and his mother did not know that this matter came from Yahweh, for he desired to create a conflict with the Philistines** (**L**: *But his father and his mother did not know that this matter was from Yahweh, for he was seeking an opportunity against the Philistines* | **S**: *His mother and father did not realize that Yahweh was arranging this. He was preparing a way for Samson to create a conflict with the Philistines*) Samson's parents did not know that Yahweh was using Samson's mistakes to carry out his plans. God used Samson's wrong decisions to cause a conflict between the Israelites and the Philistines. Samson made these sinful choices on his own. Yet Yahweh used them to disrupt the tyranny of the Philistines and their sinful, idolatrous influence over his people. Although people do evil things, God can still use them to bring about good and to carry out his plans. Translate **his father and his mother did not know that this matter came from Yahweh, for he desired to create a conflict with the Philistines** to mean his father and mother did not know Yahweh was using these events to create a conflict with the Philistines.
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5 Then Samson went down to Timnah with his father and his mother,[^] and they came to the vineyards of Timnah. And, look, there one of the young lions came up and was roaring at him. 6 Yahweh's Spirit suddenly came on him,[^ ] and he tore the lion apart as easily as he would have torn apart a small goat,[^ ] and he had nothing in his hand. But he did not tell his father or his mother what he had done.[^ ] 7 He went and spoke with the woman, and when he looked at her, she pleased Samson.[^ ] 8 A few days later when he returned to marry her, he turned aside to look for the carcass of the lion. And, look, there was a swarm of bees and honey in what was left of the lion's body. 9 He scraped up the honey in his hands[^ ] and went on, eating as he went.[^ ] When he came to his father and his mother, he gave some to them, and they ate. But he did not tell them he had taken the honey out of what was left of the lion's body.[^ ]
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[^42]: **14:5** **Then Samson went down to Timnah with his father and his mother** (**L**: *Then Samson went down along with his father and his mother to Timnah* | **S**: *Then Samson went down to Timnah with his mother and father*) Samson traveled to Timnah with his faither and mother to make preparations for the marriage. The phrase **went down** is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his father’s house was. Samson's parents gave in and did what Samson requested. They helped him arrange a marriage with a Philistine woman, even though it violated God's law and his clear plan for Samson's life. Living in a sinful culture can lead us to conform to the beliefs and values of that culture. We can end up placing those values above the values of God. Translate **Then Samson went down to Timnah with his father and his mother** to mean then Samson went to Timnah with his father and mother.
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[^42]: **14:5** **Then Samson went down to Timnah with his father and his mother** (**L**: *Then Samson went down along with his father and his mother to Timnah* | **S**: *Then Samson went down to Timnah with his mother and father*) Samson traveled to Timnah with his father and mother to make preparations for the marriage. The phrase **went down** is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his father’s house was. Samson's parents gave in and did what Samson requested. They helped him arrange a marriage with a Philistine woman, even though it violated God's law and his clear plan for Samson's life. Living in a sinful culture can lead us to conform to the beliefs and values of that culture. We can end up placing those values above the values of God. Translate **Then Samson went down to Timnah with his father and his mother** to mean then Samson went to Timnah with his father and mother.
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[^43]: **14:6** **Yahweh's Spirit suddenly came on him** (**L**: *The Spirit of Yahweh rushed upon him* | **S**: *Then Yahweh’s Spirit came on Samson*) In this moment, the Spirit of Yahweh began to strongly influence Samson. The phrase **suddenly came on him** means suddenly began to influence Samson and his actions. See note on 13:25. God can use anyone to bring about his plans, even those who have fallen victim to sinful cultures. Translate **Yahweh's Spirit suddenly came on him** to mean suddenly, the Spirit of Yahweh began to strong influence Samson's thoughts and actions.
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[^43]: **14:6** **Yahweh's Spirit suddenly came on him** (**L**: *The Spirit of Yahweh rushed upon him* | **S**: *Then Yahweh’s Spirit came on Samson*). At this moment, the Spirit of Yahweh began to strongly influence Samson. The phrase **suddenly came on him** means suddenly began to influence Samson and his actions. See note on 13:25. God can use anyone to bring about his plans, even those who have fallen victim to sinful cultures. Translate **Yahweh's Spirit suddenly came on him** to mean suddenly, the Spirit of Yahweh began to strongly influence Samson's thoughts and actions.
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[^44]: **14:6** **he tore the lion apart as easily as he would have torn apart a small goat** (**L**: *he tore it to pieces like butchering a young goat* | **S**: *He did it as easily as if it had been a young goat*) Samson tore the lion into pieces with his bare hands. The phrase **tore apart** means ripped into pieces. The Spirit of Yahweh suddenly gave Samson exceptional strength so that he could accomplish this feat. God's plans cannot be thwarted by sinful culture. Translate **he tore the lion apart as easily as he would have torn apart a small goat** to mean he ripped the lion into pieces using his bare hands, as if the lion were a small goat.
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[^44]: **14:6** **he tore the lion apart as easily as he would have torn apart a small goat** (**L**: *he tore it to pieces like butchering a young goat* | **S**: *He did it as easily as if it had been a young goat*) Samson tore the lion into pieces with his bare hands. The phrase **tore apart** means ripped into pieces. The Spirit of Yahweh suddenly gave Samson exceptional strength to accomplish this feat. God's plans cannot be thwarted by sinful culture. Translate **he tore the lion apart as easily as he would have torn apart a small goat** to mean he ripped the lion into pieces using his bare hands, as if the lion were a small goat.
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[^45]: **14:7** **when he looked at her, she pleased Samson** (**L**: *he spoke to the woman, and she seemed right in the eyes of Samson* | **S**: *Samson talked with the young woman, and he liked her very much*) Samson was pleased with the Philistine woman after he met her. The phrase **she pleased Samson** means that he thought she was very beautiful. Samson is being motivated by what he sees and feels when he is with the Philistine woman, not by God's plan for his life. Living in a sinful culture can lead us to embrace practices and values which are very different than those of God. See note on 14:3. Translate **when he looked at her, she pleased Samson** to mean when he saw her, he thought she was very beautiful.
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[^45]: **14:7** **when he looked at her, she pleased Samson** (**L**: *he spoke to the woman, and she seemed right in the eyes of Samson* | **S**: *Samson talked with the young woman, and he liked her very much*) Samson was pleased with the Philistine woman after he met her. The phrase **she pleased Samson** means that he thought she was very beautiful. Samson was motivated by what he saw and felt when he was with the Philistine woman, not by God's plan for his life. Living in a sinful culture can lead us to embrace practices and values very different from those of God. See note on 14:3. Translate **when he looked at her, she pleased Samson** to mean when he saw her, he thought she was very beautiful.
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[^46]: **14:9** **He scraped up the honey in his hands** (**L**: *He scraped it into the palms of his hands* | **S**: *he dug out some of the honey into his hands*) Samson reached into the lion's corpse and pulled out a handful of honey. The phrase **scraped up** means gathered up the honey using his hands. Samson broke one of his three Nazirite prohibition by touching the lion's dead body. He showed no regard for God's calling on his life. Living in a sinful culture can lead us to comprise our faith, and act in a way that brings dishonor to God. Translate **He scraped up the honey in his hands** to mean he gathered up honey from inside the lion's dead body using his hands.
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[^46]: **14:9** **He scraped up the honey in his hands** (**L**: *He scraped it into the palms of his hands* | **S**: *he dug out some of the honey into his hands*). Samson reached into the lion's corpse and pulled out a handful of honey. The phrase **scraped up** means he gathered up the honey using his hands. Samson broke one of his three Nazirite prohibitions by touching the lion's dead body. He showed no regard for God's calling on his life. Living in a sinful culture can lead us to compromise our faith and act in a way that dishonors God. Translate **He scraped up the honey in his hands** to mean he gathered up honey from inside the lion's dead body using his hands.
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[^47]: **14:9** **he did not tell them he had taken the honey out of what was left of the lion's body** (**L**: *but he did not disclose to them that he had scooped the honey out of the dead body of the lion* | **S**: *he did not tell them that he had taken the honey from the carcass of the lion*) Samson gave some of the honey to his parents but did not tell them the honey had come out of a corpse. The phrase **what was left of the lion's body** means the lion's decaying corpse. According to Mosaic law, anything that touched a corpse was unclean, which means the honey that he gave his parents had been defiled. Samson's decision not to tell this to his parents shows a particular disregard for God's law. He rejected not only his Nazirite vows, but the Mosaic law in general. When living in a sinful culture, people can sink deeper and deeper into sin. Eventually, they look and act just like the culture around them. Translate **he did not tell them he had taken the honey out of what was left of the lion's body** to mean he did not inform his parents that the honey had come out of the lion's corpse.
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[^47]: **14:9** **he did not tell them he had taken the honey out of what was left of the lion's body** (**L**: *but he did not disclose to them that he had scooped the honey out of the dead body of the lion* | **S**: *he did not tell them that he had taken the honey from the carcass of the lion*) Samson gave some of the honey to his parents but did not tell them the honey had come out of a corpse. The phrase **what was left of the lion's body** means the lion's decaying corpse. According to Mosaic law, anything that touched a corpse was unclean, which means the honey he gave his parents had been defiled. Samson's decision not to tell this to his parents shows a particular disregard for God's law. He rejected his Nazirite vows and the Mosaic law in general. When living in a sinful culture, people can sink deeper and deeper into sin. Eventually, they look and act just like the culture around them. Translate **he did not tell them he had taken the honey out of what was left of the lion's body** to mean he did not inform his parents that the honey had come out of the lion's corpse.
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10 Samson's father went down to where the woman was, and Samson gave a feast there, for this was the custom of the young men.[^48] 11 As soon as her relatives saw him, they brought him thirty of their friends to be with him. 12 Samson said to them, "Let me now tell you a riddle.[^49] If one of you can find it out and tell me the answer during the seven days of the feast, I will give out thirty linen robes and thirty sets of clothes. 13 But if you cannot tell me the answer, then you will give me thirty linen robes and thirty sets of clothes."[^50] They said to him, "Tell us your riddle, so we may hear it." 14 He said to them, "Out of the eater was something to eat; out of the strong was something sweet."[^51] But his guests could not find the answer in three days.
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[^48]: **14:10** **for this was the custom of the young men** (**L**: *because so would do the young men* | **S**: *That was the custom for men to do when they were about to be married*) Samson threw a feast to celebrate the new marriage, which was customary for young Philistine men to do. The phrase **this was the custom of the young men** means this was the custom of young men who were getting married. It is highly likely that there was alcoholic drinks at this feast, and that all, including Samson, were drinking them. This would be the second violation of Samson's Nazirite vows. When people let their physical senses and desires rule them, there is no limit to the sin they may commit. Translate **for this was the custom of the young men** to mean this was the customary feast of young men who were about to be married.
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[^48]: **14:10** **for this was the custom of the young men** (**L**: *because so would do the young men* | **S**: *That was the custom for men to do when they were about to be married*). Samson threw a feast to celebrate the new marriage, which was customary for young Philistine men to do. The phrase **this was the custom of the young men** means this was the custom of young men who were getting married. It is highly likely that there were alcoholic drinks at this feast, and everyone, including Samson, was drinking them. This would be the second violation of Samson's Nazirite vows. When people let their physical senses and desires rule them, there is no limit to the sin they may commit. Translate **for this was the custom of the young men** to mean this was the customary feast of young men who were about to be married.
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[^49]: **14:12** **Let me now tell you a riddle** (**L**: *Let me propose to you a riddle* | **S**: *Allow me to tell you a riddle*) Samson asked his 30 guards if he could give them a riddle. The word **riddle** refers to a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question. Samson was having fun at his wedding feast, likely drinking, and continuing to play nice with the enemy. This is the opposite of the plan God had for his life. His sinful desires, and the influence of sinful culture on his behavior, has led him totally astray. Sinful culture often proposes an alternate plan for our life that is contrary to the plan of God. Translate **Let me now tell you a riddle** to mean let me give you a difficult question and let's see if you can answer it.
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[^49]: **14:12** **Let me now tell you a riddle** (**L**: *Let me propose to you a riddle* | **S**: *Allow me to tell you a riddle*) Samson asked his 30 guards if he could give them a riddle. The word **riddle** refers to a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question. Samson was having fun at his wedding feast, likely drinking and continuing to play nice with the enemy. This is the opposite of the plan God had for his life. His sinful desires and the influence of sinful culture on his behavior have led him astray. Sinful culture often proposes an alternate plan for our life that is contrary to the plan of God. Translate **Let me now tell you a riddle** to mean let me give you a difficult question, and let's see if you can answer it.
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[^50]: **14:13** **you will give me thirty linen robes and thirty sets of clothes.** Samson added to the fun by including a wager of clothes. See note on 14;12.
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[^51]: **14:14** **Out of the eater was something to eat; out of the strong was something sweet** (**L**: *From the eater came forth food; and from a strong one came forth sweetness* | **S**: *From out of the eater I found something to eat; from out of the strong I found something sweet*) Samson gave the riddle to the 30 Philistine men. The term **eater** means the thing that eats. The term **strong** refers to something that is strong. Samson gave a riddle about the lion he killed, and the honey that he pulled from its dead carcass. But there was no way the 30 men could answer without help. By this Samson angered the Philistine men, which was a part of Yahweh's plan. Although the evil of sinful men and culture can be strong, Yahweh's plans cannot be stopped. Translate **Out of the eater was something to eat; out of the strong was something sweet** to mean out of the eater came something to eat; out of the strong came something sweet.
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[^51]: **14:14** **Out of the eater was something to eat; out of the strong was something sweet** (**L**: *From the eater came forth food; and from a strong one came forth sweetness* | **S**: *From out of the eater I found something to eat; from out of the strong I found something sweet*) Samson gave the riddle to the 30 Philistine men. The term **eater** means the thing that eats. The term **strong** refers to something strong. Samson gave a riddle about the lion he killed and the honey he pulled from its dead carcass. But there was no way the 30 men could answer without help. By this, Samson angered the Philistine men, which was a part of Yahweh's plan. Although the evil of sinful men and culture can be strong, Yahweh's plans cannot be stopped. Translate **Out of the eater was something to eat; out of the strong was something sweet** to mean out of the eater came something to eat; out of the strong came something sweet.
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15 On the fourth day they said to Samson's wife, "Trick your husband so that he may tell us the answer to the riddle, or we will burn up you and your father's house.[^52] Did you invite us here in order to make us poor?"[^53] 16 Samson's wife started to weep in front of him;[^54] she said, "All you do is hate me![^55] You do not love me.[^56] You have told a riddle to some of my people, but you have not told me the answer." Samson said to her, "Look here, if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you?"[^57] 17 She cried during the seven days that their feast lasted.[^58] On the seventh day he told her the answer because she pressured him very much. She told the answer to the relatives of her people.[^59] 18 Before the sun went down on the seventh day the men of the city said to him, "What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion?"[^60] Samson said to them, "If you had not plowed with my heifer, you would not have found the answer to my riddle."[^61]
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[^52]: **14:15** **we will burn up you and your father's house** (**L**: *lest we burn you and the house of your father with fire.* | **S**: *we will burn down your father’s house, with you and your family inside it*) The Philistine men threatened Samson's wife. They said they would burn her and her father's household to death, unless she tricked Samson into giving the answer to the riddle. The phrase **father's house** means the household of your father. This level of evil was normal in this culture. The threat to Samson's wife, and her family, was very real. Samson's impossible riddle made the Philistine men angry. They felt tricked by Samson and his wife into loosing their possessions. Making the Philistines angry was a part of God's plan. Those plans succeed even in sinful cultures. Translate **we will burn up you and your father's house** to mean we will destroy you and your father's family by fire.
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[^52]: **14:15** **we will burn up you and your father's house** (**L**: *lest we burn you and the house of your father with fire.* | **S**: *we will burn down your father’s house, with you and your family inside it*) The Philistine men threatened Samson's wife. They said they would burn her and her father's household to death unless she tricked Samson into answering the riddle. The phrase **father's house** means the household of your father. This level of evil was normal in this culture. The threat to Samson's wife and her family was very real. Samson's impossible riddle made the Philistine men angry. They felt tricked by Samson and his wife into losing their possessions. Making the Philistines angry was a part of God's plan. Those plans succeed even in sinful cultures. Translate **we will burn up you and your father's house** to mean we will destroy you and your father's family by fire.
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[^53]: **14:15** **Did you invite us here in order to make us poor?** The men believed that Samson and his wife were working together to get their possessions. They believed that she invited them to the wedding feast so that Samson could ask them his impossible riddle. The question **Did you invite us here in order to make us poor?** means you invited us here to make us poor. Samson choose to ask this riddle to trick the Philistines and make them made. God used Samson's bad decisions to carry out his plans. Although evil cultures seem to have significant power, God is still in control. He is the ruler of all creation. Translate Did you invite us here in order to make us poor? to mean You have brought us here to make us poor!
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[^53]: **14:15** **Did you invite us here in order to make us poor?** The men believed Samson and his wife worked together to get their possessions. They believed that she invited them to the wedding feast so that Samson could ask them his impossible riddle. The question **Did you invite us here in order to make us poor?** means you invited us here to make us poor. Samson chose to ask this riddle to trick the Philistines and make them mad. God used Samson's bad decisions to carry out his plans. Although evil cultures seem to have significant power, God is still in control. He is the ruler of all creation. Translate Did you invite us here in order to make us poor? to mean You have brought us here to make us poor!
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[^54]: **14:16** **Samson's wife started to weep in front of him;** (**L**: *the wife of Samson wept beside him* | **S**: *Samson’s wife came to him, crying*) Samson's wife started crying because of the threat to her and her family's life. The term **weep** means to cry. Samson's wife began to cry to manipulate him into doing what she wanted him to do. Samson's wife was not concerned with God's plans. Relationships built on physical attraction, and not God, tend to involve selfish manipulation. Marriages built on God thrive and last. Translate **Samson's wife started to weep in front of him** to mean Samson's wife began to cry in front of him.
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[^54]: **14:16** **Samson's wife started to weep in front of him;** (**L**: *the wife of Samson wept beside him* | **S**: *Samson’s wife came to him, crying*) Samson's wife started crying because of the threat to her and her family's life. The term **weep** means to cry. Samson's wife began to cry to manipulate him into doing what she wanted him to do. Samson's wife was not concerned with God's plans. Relationships built on physical attraction, not God, tend to involve selfish manipulation. Marriages built on God thrive and last. Translate **Samson's wife started to weep in front of him** to mean Samson's wife began to cry in front of him.
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[^55]: **14:16** **All you do is hate me!** Samson's wife said that he hated her, because he hadn't told her the answer to the riddle. See note on 14:16 above.
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[^55]: **14:16** **All you do is hate me!** Samson's wife said that he hated her because he hadn't told her the answer to the riddle. See note on 14:16 above.
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[^56]: **14:16** **You do not love me.** Samson's wife said that he did not love her, because he hadn't told her the answer to the riddle. See note on 14:16 above.
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[^56]: **14:16** **You do not love me.** Samson's wife said that he did not love her because he hadn't told her the answer to the riddle. See note on 14:16 above.
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[^57]: **14:16** **if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you?** (**L**: *Look, I have not informed my father or my mother, should I inform you?* | **S**: *I have not even told my own mother and father the answers, so why should I tell you?*) Samson responded to his wife by telling her that he hadn't even told his parents the answer to the riddle. The question **if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you?** is a rebuke which means I have not even told my father or mother. I will not tell you. Although Samson's wife should be more important to him than his parents, she is not. The relationship is not based on commitment and love, but on physical attraction and lust. Such relationships often have problems. Physical attraction alone is a poor basis for a marriage. It must be based on God. Translate **if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you?** to mean you should not demand that I tell you, since I have not even told my parents, and they are closer to me than you are.
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[^57]: **14:16** **if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you?** (**L**: *Look, I have not informed my father or my mother, should I inform you?* | **S**: *I have not even told my own mother and father the answers, so why should I tell you?*) Samson responded to his wife by telling her that he hadn't even told his parents the answer to the riddle. The question **if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you?** is a rebuke which means I have not even told my father or mother. I will not tell you. Although Samson's wife should be more important to him than his parents, she is not. The relationship is not based on commitment and love but on physical attraction and lust. Such relationships often have problems. Physical attraction alone is a poor basis for a marriage. It must be based on God. Translate **if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you?** to mean you should not demand that I tell you, since I have not even told my parents, who are closer to me than you are.
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[^58]: **14:17** **She cried during the seven days that their feast lasted** (**L**: *She continued to weep beside him during the seven days that they had the drinking feast* | **S**: *She continued to cry every time she was with him, all during the rest of the celebration*) During the remaining days of the feast, Samson's wife constantly cried, because he would not tell her the answer to the riddle. See note on 14:16. Translate **She cried during the seven days that their feast lasted** to mean she continued to weep during the rest of the seven days of their feast.
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[^58]: **14:17** **She cried during the seven days that their feast lasted** (**L**: *She continued to weep beside him during the seven days that they had the drinking feast* | **S**: *She continued to cry every time she was with him, all during the rest of the celebration*) During the remaining days of the feast, Samson's wife constantly cried because he would not tell her the answer to the riddle. See note on 14:16. Translate **She cried during the seven days that their feast lasted** to mean she continued to weep during the rest of the seven days of their feast.
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[^59]: **14:17** **She told the answer to the relatives of her people** (**L**: *she revealed the riddle to the sons of her people* | **S**: *Then she told it to the young men*) Samson gave in to the pressure from his wife. He told her the answer to the riddle, then she told the answer to the Philistine men. The phrase **the relatives of her people** means her countrymen. Samson's wife's allegiance was not to Samson, nor to God. It was ultimately to her family and her people. When a follower of God marries an unbeliever, problems will arise. There will be a clash of values, fighting, and unhappiness. Translate **She told the answer to the relatives of her people** to mean she gave the answer to the riddle to her countrymen.
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[^59]: **14:17** **She told the answer to the relatives of her people** (**L**: *she revealed the riddle to the sons of her people* | **S**: *Then she told it to the young men*). Samson gave in to the pressure from his wife. He told her the answer to the riddle; then, she told the answer to the Philistine men. The phrase **the relatives of her people** means her countrymen. Samson's wife's allegiance was not to Samson nor to God. It was ultimately to her family and her people. When a follower of God marries an unbeliever, problems will arise. There will be a clash of values, fighting, and unhappiness. Translate **She told the answer to the relatives of her people** to mean she gave the answer to the riddle to her countrymen.
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[^60]: **14:18** **What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion?** (**L**: *What is sweeter than honey? what is stronger than a lion?* | **S**: *Nothing is sweeter than honey. Nothing is as strong as a lion.*) The Philistine men used questions to answer Samson's riddle. The question **what is sweeter than honey?** means nothing is sweeter than honey. The question **what is stronger than a lion** means nothing is stronger than a lion. With these questions, the Philistines let Samson know that they knew the answer to his riddle. This greatly angered Samson. But it also moved God's plan forward. The plans of God will always prevail. Not even the failures of his chosen leaders can stop them. Translate **What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion?** to mean nothing is sweeter than honey; nothing is stronger than a lion; this is the answer to your riddle.
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@ -204,11 +204,11 @@ The Book of Judges tells of events that occurred after the Israelites settled in
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19 Then Yahweh's Spirit suddenly came on Samson with power.[^62] Samson went down to Ashkelon and killed thirty of their men.[^63] He took their plunder, and he gave their clothes to those who had explained the riddle.[^64] Burning with anger, he went up to his father's house. 20 Samson's wife was given to his best friend.
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[^62]: **14:19** **Yahweh's Spirit suddenly came on Samson with power** (**L**: *the Spirit of Yahweh rushed upon him* | **S**: *Yahweh’s Spirit powerfully came on Samson*) See notes on 13:25 and 14:5.
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[^62]: **14:19** **Yahweh's Spirit suddenly came on Samson with power** (**L**: *the Spirit of Yahweh rushed upon him* | **S**: *Yahweh’s Spirit powerfully came on Samson*). See notes on 13:25 and 14:5.
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[^63]: **14:19** **Samson went down to Ashkelon and killed thirty of their men** Yahweh's plan is working. See notes on 14:4 and 14:15.
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[^63]: **14:19** **Samson went down to Ashkelon and killed thirty of their men**. Yahweh's plan is working. See notes on 14:4 and 14:15.
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[^64]: **14:19** **he gave their clothes to those who had explained the riddle.** This was an act of disrespect which would further anger the Philistines, for Samson paid his wager with the clothes of the Philistines he just killed. See notes on 14:4, 15 and 19.
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[^64]: **14:19** **he gave their clothes to those who had explained the riddle.** This was an act of disrespect that would further anger the Philistines, for Samson paid his wager with the clothes of the Philistines he just killed. See notes on 14:4, 15, and 19.
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15:1 After some days, during the time of wheat harvest, Samson took a young goat and went to visit his wife. He said to himself, "I will go to my wife's room."[^64] But her father would not allow him to go in. 2 Her father said, "I really thought you hated her, so I gave her to your friend.[^65] Her younger sister is more beautiful than she is, is she not?[^66] Take her instead." 3 Samson said to them, "This time I will be innocent in regard to the Philistines when I hurt them."[^67] 4 Samson went and caught three hundred foxes and he tied together each pair, tail to tail. Then he took torches and tied them in the middle of each pair of tails.[^68] 5 When he had set the torches on fire, he let the foxes go into the standing grain of the Philistines[^69], and they set fire to both the stacked grain and the grain standing in the field,[^70] along with the vineyards and the olive orchards. 6 The Philistines asked, "Who did this?" They were told, "Samson, the Timnite's son-in-law, did this because the Timnite took Samson's wife and gave her to his friend." Then the Philistines went and burned up her and her father.[^71] 7 Samson said to them, "If this is what you do, I will get my revenge against you,[^72] and after that is done, I will stop." 8 Then he cut them to pieces, hip and thigh, with a great slaughter.[^73] Then he went down and lived in a cave in the cliff of Etam.
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@ -216,83 +216,83 @@ The Book of Judges tells of events that occurred after the Israelites settled in
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[^65]: **15:2** **so I gave her to your friend** (**L**: *I gave her to your close friend* | **S**: *So I gave her to the man who was your best friend at the wedding, and she has married him*) The Philistine woman's father told Samson that he had given Samson's wife to his friend. She was now the wife of another man. The phrase **gave her to your friend** means gave her to your friend to be his wife. In Philistine culture, women were passed around in this way. The way sinful culture views marriage often differs from the view of God. Translate **so I gave her to your friend** to mean so I gave her to your friend to be his new wife.
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[^66]: **15:2** **Her younger sister is more beautiful than she is, is she not?** (**L**: *Is not her younger sister better than she?* | **S**: *But look, her younger sister is more beautiful than she is*) The Philistine woman's father told Samson that he had a younger daughter who was even more beautiful than her older sister. The question **is she not?** means she is. Since physical beauty was so important in this culture, the father believed that his younger daughter would be even more valuable as wife than his older daughter. Samson highly valued physical appearance as well. God cares much more about what a person believes. The values of culture are often opposed to the principles and values of God. Translate **Her younger sister is more beautiful than she is, is she not?** to mean her younger sister is more beautiful than she is.
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[^66]: **15:2** **Her younger sister is more beautiful than she is, is she not?** (**L**: *Is not her younger sister better than she?* | **S**: *But look, her younger sister is more beautiful than she is*) The Philistine woman's father told Samson he had a younger daughter who was even more beautiful than her older sister. The question **is she not?** means she is. Since physical beauty was so important in this culture, the father believed his younger daughter would be even more valuable as a wife than his older daughter. Samson highly valued physical appearance as well. God cares much more about what a person believes. The values of culture are often opposed to the principles and values of God. Translate **Her younger sister is more beautiful than she is, is she not?** to mean her younger sister is more beautiful than she is.
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[^67]: **15:3** **This time I will be innocent in regard to the Philistines when I hurt them** (**L**: *This time I am blameless concerning the Philistines when I am inflicting calamity against them* | **S**: *No! And this time I have a right to get revenge on you Philistines!*) Samson said that this time taking revenge on the Philistines would be just. He said this because the woman's father had given his wife to another man. The statement **I will be innocent in regard to the Philistines** means what I am about to do to the Philistines is right. Samson plans to avenge himself against the Philistines. God is using Samson's actions to free his people. Translate **This time I will be innocent in regard to the Philistines when I hurt them** to mean when I take my revenge on the Philistines, it will be just.
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[^68]: **15:4** **he took torches and tied them in the middle of each pair of tails** (**L**: *he set one torch between two of the tails in the middle* | **S:** *He fastened torches to each pair of tails*) Samson tied the foxes together using their tails. Then he attached a torch to each pair of tails. Samson's goal was to use the foxes to start a fire. The phrase **tied them in the middle** means attached a torch to the middle of the pair of tails. Samson used the foxes to get revenge for the loss of his wife. God used Samson's actions to stir up the Philistines' anger. Translate **he took torches and tied them in the middle of each pair of tails** to mean Samson attached a torch to each pair of tails that he had tied together.
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[^68]: **15:4** **he took torches and tied them in the middle of each pair of tails** (**L**: *he set one torch between two of the tails in the middle* | **S:** *He fastened torches to each pair of tails*). Samson tied the foxes together using their tails. Then he attached a torch to each pair of tails. Samson's goal was to use the foxes to start a fire. The phrase **tied them in the middle** means attaching a torch to the middle of the pair of tails. Samson used the foxes to get revenge for the loss of his wife. God used Samson's actions to stir up the Philistines' anger. Translate **he took torches and tied them in the middle of each pair of tails** to mean Samson attached a torch to each pair of tails that he had tied together.
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[^69]: **15:5** **he let the foxes go into the standing grain of the Philistines** (**L**: *He kindled fire in the torches, he let them loose into the standing grain of the Philistines.* | **S**: *he lit the torches and let the foxes run through the fields of the Philistines*) Samson released the foxes into the grain fields of the Philistines. The phrase **standing grain** means grain that is still growing on its stalk in the field. Translate **he let the foxes go into the standing grain of the Philistines** to mean Samson released the foxes into the grain that was still growing on its stalk in the field.
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[^70]: **15:5** **they set fire to both the stacked grain and the grain standing in the field along with the vineyards and the olive orchards** (**L**: *As a result he burned both the stack of sheaves and also the standing grain, even a vineyard, and olive orchard* | **S**: *The fire from the torches burned all the grain to the ground, including the grain that had been cut and stacked in bundles. The fire also burned down their grapevines and their olive trees*) Samson successfully burned down the stacked grain, the grain still in the fields, and the vineyards and orchards. The phrase **stacked grain** means the stalks of grain collected in piles after it has been harvested. The fire set by Samson did tremendous damage to the Philistine's vineyards and crops. This increased the tension between the Philistines and the Israelites. God can use anyone to carry out his plans. Translate **they set fire to both the stacked grain and the grain standing in the field along with the vineyards and the olive orchards** to mean the torches attached to the foxes started a fire which burn the stacked grain, standing grain, the vineyards, and the olive orchids.
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[^70]: **15:5** **they set fire to both the stacked grain and the grain standing in the field along with the vineyards and the olive orchards** (**L**: *As a result, he burned both the stack of sheaves and also the standing grain, even a vineyard, and olive orchard* | **S**: *The fire from the torches burned all the grain to the ground, including the grain that had been cut and stacked in bundles. The fire also burned down their grapevines and their olive trees*) Samson successfully burned down the stacked grain, the grain still in the fields, and the vineyards and orchards. The phrase **stacked grain** means the stalks of grain collected in piles after it has been harvested. The fire set by Samson did tremendous damage to the Philistine vineyards and crops. This increased the tension between the Philistines and the Israelites. God can use anyone to carry out his plans. Translate **they set fire to both the stacked grain and the grain standing in the field along with the vineyards and the olive orchards** to mean the torches attached to the foxes started a fire that burned the stacked grain, standing grain, the vineyards, and the olive orchids.
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[^71]: **15:6** **the Philistines went and burned up her and her father** (**L**: *the Philistines went up and they burned her and her father with fire* | **S**: *So the Philistines went to Timnah and got the woman and her father, and burned them to death*) The Philistines responded to the fire by burning the Timnite and his daughter. The phrase “burned up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burned up,” it means that person is burned to death. Samson's passion and lust for women has resulted in the deaths of many people. Unchecked sexual desire often results in the suffering and pain of others. Translate **the Philistines went and burned up her and her father** to mean the Philistines traveled to Timnah and burned the Timnite and his daughter to death.
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[^71]: **15:6** **the Philistines went and burned up her and her father** (**L**: *the Philistines went up and they burned her and her father with fire* | **S**: *So the Philistines went to Timnah and got the woman and her father, and burned them to death*) The Philistines responded to the fire by burning the Timnite and his daughter. The phrase “burned up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burned up,” it means that person is burned to death. Samson's passion and lust for women resulted in the deaths of many people. Unchecked sexual desire often results in the suffering and pain of others. Translate **the Philistines went and burned up her and her father** to mean the Philistines traveled to Timnah and burned the Timnite and his daughter to death.
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[^72]: **15:7** **If this is what you do, I will get my revenge against you** (**L**: *surely I have avenged myself against you* | **S**: *I will get revenge on you*) Samson stated that he would take revenge on the Philistines for burning the Timnite and his daughter to death. The phrase **if this is what you do** means since you did this. The phrase **I will get my revenge** means I will avenge myself against you. Living a life to please the senses often leads to impulsive actions. Anger, rage, and violence are often found in people who live such lifestyles. Translate **If this is what you do, I will get my revenge against you** to mean since you burned the Timnite and his daughter, I will avenge myself against you.
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[^73]: **15:8** **he cut them to pieces, hip and thigh, with a great slaughter** (**L**: *He struck them on the lower leg as well as the thigh, a great slaughter* | **S**: *So he attacked the Philistines furiously and killed many of them*) Samson avenged himself by violently slaughtering many Philistines. Here **hip and thigh** refers to the whole body. This is a graphic description of how Samson killed the Philistines. He cut the Philistines up into pieces. Violence and rage is often the end of a path that starts with relationships built upon lust instead of God. God's design for marriage helps protect us from such sin. Translate **he cut them to pieces, hip and thigh, with a great slaughter** to mean he slaughtered them by thoroughly slicing them up.
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[^73]: **15:8** **he cut them to pieces, hip and thigh, with a great slaughter** (**L**: *He struck them on the lower leg as well as the thigh, a great slaughter* | **S**: *So he attacked the Philistines furiously and killed many of them*) Samson avenged himself by violently slaughtering many Philistines. Here, **hip and thigh** refers to the whole body. This is a graphic description of how Samson killed the Philistines. He cut the Philistines up into pieces. Violence and rage are often the end of a path that starts with relationships built upon lust instead of God. God's design for marriage helps protect us from such sin. Translate **he cut them to pieces, hip and thigh, with a great slaughter** to mean he slaughtered them by thoroughly slicing them up.
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9 Then the Philistines came up and they prepared for battle in Judah and set up their army in Lehi. 10 The men of Judah said, "Why have you come up to attack us?"[^74] They said, "We are attacking so we may capture Samson, and do to him as he has done to us. 11 Then three thousand men of Judah went down to the cave in the cliff of Etam, and they said to Samson, "Do you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us?[^75] What is this you have done to us?" Samson said to them, "They did to me, and so I have done to them."[^76] 12 They said to Samson, "We have come down to tie you up and give you into the hands of the Philistines."[^77] Samson said to them, "Swear to me that you will not kill me yourselves." 13 They said to him, "No, we will only tie you with ropes and hand you over to them.[^78] We promise we will not kill you. Then they tied him up with two new ropes and brought him up from the rock.
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[^74]: **15:10** **Why have you come up to attack us?** (**L**: *Why have you come up against us?”* | **S**: *Why do you want to attack us?*) The Israelites asked the Philistines why they had come to attack them. The phrase **come up to attack us** means come up to where we are to attack us. Israel had been living in subjugation to the Philistines for some time. As long as they accepted Philistine rule, they enjoyed a certain level of peace. Since they believed they had not defied this rule, they were confused why the Philistines would come to attack them. Translate **Why have you come up to attack us?** to mean what have we done to make you come attack us.
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[^74]: **15:10** **Why have you come up to attack us?** (**L**: *Why have you come up against us?”* | **S**: *Why do you want to attack us?*) The Israelites asked the Philistines why they had come to attack them. The phrase **come up to attack us** means to come up to where we are to attack us. Israel had been living in subjugation to the Philistines for some time. As long as they accepted Philistine rule, they enjoyed a certain level of peace. Since they believed they had not defied this rule, they were confused why the Philistines would come to attack them. Translate **Why have you come up to attack us?** to mean, what have we done to make you come to attack us?
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[^75]: **15:11** **Do you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us?** (**L**: *“Do you not know that the Philistines are ruling over us?* | **S**: *Do you not realize that the people of Philistia are ruling over us?*) The men from Judah rebuke Samson by asking him if he's aware that Israel is under Philistine rule. The question **Do you not known that the Philistines are rulers over us?** is a rebuke which means You know that the Philistines are rulers over us but you act like they are not. Israel has become comfortable with the relationship with the Philistines. However, God aims to disrupt this relationship, because it has led to idolatry and a turning away from Yahweh. God sometimes uses drastic measures to get us to repent. Sometimes he does this to whole people groups, like the Israelites. Translate **Do you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us?** to mean You know that the Philistines are rulers over us but you act like they are not. What you have done has caused us great harm."
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[^75]: **15:11** **Do you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us?** (**L**: *“Do you not know that the Philistines are ruling over us?* | **S**: *Do you not realize that the people of Philistia are ruling over us?*) The men from Judah rebuke Samson by asking him if he's aware that Israel is under Philistine rule. The question **Do you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us?** is a rebuke which means You know that the Philistines are rulers over us, but you act like they are not. Israel has become comfortable with the relationship with the Philistines. However, God aims to disrupt this relationship because it has led to idolatry and a turning away from Yahweh. God sometimes uses drastic measures to get us to repent. Sometimes he does this to whole people groups, like the Israelites. Translate **Do you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us?** to mean You know that the Philistines are rulers over us, but you act like they are not. What you have done has caused us great harm."
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[^76]: **15:11** **They did to me, and so I have done to them** (**L**: *just as they have done to me, so I have done to them.”* | **S**: *the only thing I did was that I got revenge on them for what they did to me*) Samson explained the motives behind his actions. He had avenged himself for what the Philistines had done to him. But what Samson did for revenge, Yahweh allowed to make Israel repent. Translate **They did to me, and so I have done to them** to mean I got revenge on them for what they did to me.
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[^77]: **15:12** **give you into the hands of the Philistines** (**L**: *give you over into the hand of the Philistines.* | **S**: *We have come to tie you up and put you in the hands of the Philistines*) The men of Judah came to bind Samson and give him to the Philistines. They hoped that this would prevent a Philistine attack. The phrase **give you into the hands** means hand you over to the Philistines. The men of Judah did not perceive what Yahweh was doing. They would do anything to keep the peace with their rulers, When God confronts us because of sin, our job is to respond. He wants us to repent and turn back to him. Translate **give you into the hands of the Philistines** to mean hand you over to Philistine control so they can do with you as they please.
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[^77]: **15:12** **give you into the hands of the Philistines** (**L**: *give you over into the hand of the Philistines.* | **S**: *We have come to tie you up and put you in the hands of the Philistines*) The men of Judah came to bind Samson and give him to the Philistines. They hoped that this would prevent a Philistine attack. The phrase gives you into the hands** means hand you over to the Philistines. The men of Judah did not perceive what Yahweh was doing. They would do anything to keep the peace with their rulers. When God confronts us because of sin, our job is to respond. He wants us to repent and turn back to him. Translate **give you into the hands of the Philistines** to mean hand you over to Philistine control so they can do with you as they please.
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[^78]: **15:13** **we will only tie you with ropes and hand you over to them** (**L**: *No, however surely we will bind you and we will give you over into their hand* | **S**: *We will just tie you up and take you to the Philistines*) The Judahite men promised Samson that they would not kill him but only bind him with ropes and hand him over to the Philistines. For the phrase **hand you over to them** see note on 15:12. Handing Samson over to the Philistines is a death sentence. Instead of rallying behind Yahweh's chosen judge of Israel, they bound him and gave him to the Philistines to be killed. The Israelites had totally lost their way as the people of God. If followers of God are not careful, they can lose their way in sinful culture as well. Translate **we will only tie you with ropes and hand you over to them** to mean we will only bind you with ropes and put you in the hands of the Philistines3
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[^78]: **15:13** **we will only tie you with ropes and hand you over to them** (**L**: *No, however surely we will bind you and we will give you over into their hand* | **S**: *We will just tie you up and take you to the Philistines*) The Judahite men promised Samson that they would not kill him but only bind him with ropes and hand him over to the Philistines. For the phrase **hand you over to them** see note on 15:12. Handing Samson over to the Philistines is a death sentence. Instead of rallying behind Yahweh's chosen judge of Israel, they bound him and gave him to the Philistines to be killed. The Israelites had totally lost their way as the people of God. If followers of God are not careful, they can also lose their way in a sinful culture. Translate **we will only tie you with ropes and hand you over to them** to mean we will only bind you with ropes and put you in the hands of the Philistines3
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14 When he came to Lehi, the Philistines came shouting as they met him. Then Yahweh's Spirit came on him with power.[^79] The ropes on his arms became like burnt flax,[^80] and they fell off his hands. 15 Samson found a fresh jawbone of a donkey,[^81] and he picked it up and killed a thousand men with it.[^82] 16 Samson said, "With the jawbone of a donkey, heaps upon heaps,[^83] with the jawbone of a donkey I have killed a thousand men."[^84]
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[^79]: **15:14** **Yahweh's Spirit came on him with power.** See notes on 13:25, 14:5, and 14:19.
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[^80]: **15:14** **The ropes on his arms became like burnt flax** (**L**: *The ropes which were on his arms became as flax stalks which they had burned in fire* | **S**: *He snapped the ropes on his arms as easily as if they had been stalks of burned flax*) Yahweh caused the ropes binding Samson to disintegrate. The phrase **became like burnt flax** means became as weak as flax burned by fire. The Spirit of Yahweh empowered Samson to do the work he was called to do. God gives his people all that they need to fight the battles he calls them to fight. Translate **The ropes on his arms became like burnt flax** to mean the ropes became weak like flax that has been burned by fire.
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[^80]: **15:14** **The ropes on his arms became like burnt flax** (**L**: *The ropes which were on his arms became as flax stalks which they had burned in fire* | **S**: *He snapped the ropes on his arms as easily as if they had been stalks of burned flax*) Yahweh caused the ropes binding Samson to disintegrate. The phrase **became like burnt flax** means became as weak as flax burned by fire. The Spirit of Yahweh empowered Samson to do the work he was called to do. God gives his people all that they need to fight the battles he calls them to fight. Translate **The ropes on his arms became like burnt flax** to mean the ropes became weak, like flax that has been burned by fire.
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[^81]: **15:14** **Samson found a fresh jawbone of a donkey** (**L**: *He found a fresh jawbone of a donkey,* | **S**: *he saw a donkey’s jawbone lying on the ground*) Samson found a jawbone from the corpse of a donkey. The phrase **fresh jawbone** means jawbone from an animal that just recently died. To touch such a bone would be a violation of Samson's Nazirite vows. Translate **Samson found a fresh jawbone of a donkey** to mean Samson found a jawbone from a recently deceased donkey.
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[^81]: **15:14** **Samson found a fresh jawbone of a donkey** (**L**: *He found a fresh jawbone of a donkey,* | **S**: *he saw a donkey’s jawbone lying on the ground*) Samson found a jawbone from the corpse of a donkey. The phrase **fresh jawbone** means jawbone from an animal that just recently died. To touch such a bone would violate Samson's Nazirite vows. Translate **Samson found a fresh jawbone of a donkey** to mean Samson found a jawbone from a recently deceased donkey.
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[^82]: **15:15** **he picked it up and killed a thousand men with it** (**L**: *he took it and he slaughtered a thousand men with it.* | **S**: *He picked it up and killed about a thousand Philistine men with it*) Samson picked up the fresh donkey jawbone and used it to kill 1000 Philistine men. This is yet another violation of Samson's Nazirite vow. He showed a total disregard for God's calling on his life. When people are driven by their senses, desires, and emotions, they often discard the plan God has for their life. God wants people to trust him and trust that his plan for their life is good. Translate **he picked it up and killed a thousand men with it** to mean he picked up the fresh donkey jawbone and killed a thousand Philistine men.
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[^82]: **15:15** **he picked it up and killed a thousand men with it** (**L**: *he took it and he slaughtered a thousand men with it.* | **S**: *He picked it up and killed about a thousand Philistine men with it*) Samson picked up the fresh donkey jawbone and used it to kill 1000 Philistine men. This is yet another violation of Samson's Nazirite vow. He showed a total disregard for God's calling on his life. When people are driven by their senses, desires, and emotions, they often discard God's plan for their life. God wants people to trust him and trust that his plan for their life is good. Translate **he picked it up and killed a thousand men with it** to mean he picked up the fresh donkey jawbone and killed a thousand Philistine men.
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[^83]: **15:16** **With the jawbone of a donkey, heaps upon heaps** (**L**: *With the jawbone of the donkey, one heap, two heaps* | **S**: *With the jawbone of a donkey I have made them like a heap of dead donkeys*) Samson bragged about killing so many Philistines that he was able to make huge piles of dead bodies. The poetic line **with the jawbone of the donkey, one heap, two heaps** means using the jawbone of a donkey I have killed several men and created big heaps of dead bodies. Samson gave himself the credit, instead of giving it to God. Sinful culture often praises personal achievement instead of the plans of God. Translate **With the jawbone of a donkey, heaps upon heaps** to mean I used a donkey's jawbone to kill many Philistine men and make large piles of dead bodies.
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[^83]: **15:16** **With the jawbone of a donkey, heaps upon heaps** (**L**: *With the jawbone of the donkey, one heap, two heaps* | **S**: *With the jawbone of a donkey I have made them like a heap of dead donkeys*) Samson bragged about killing so many Philistines that he was able to make huge piles of dead bodies. The poetic line **with the jawbone of the donkey, one heap, two heaps** means using the jawbone of a donkey, I have killed several men and created big heaps of dead bodies. Samson gave himself the credit instead of giving it to God. Sinful culture often praises personal achievement instead of the plans of God. Translate **With the jawbone of a donkey, heaps upon heaps** to mean I used a donkey's jawbone to kill many Philistine men and make large piles of dead bodies.
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[^84]: **15:16** **with the jawbone of a donkey I have killed a thousand men** (**L**: *with the jawbone of the donkey I have slaughtered a thousand men* | **S**: *With the jawbone of a donkey I have killed a thousand men*) In the second line of Solomon's poem, he bragged that he had killed 1000 Philistine men. The poetic line **with the jawbone of a donkey I have killed a thousand men** is even more intense than the previous line. Not only did Solomon make heaps of dead body, but he killed a huge number of Philistines as well. Translate **with the jawbone of a donkey I have killed a thousand men** to mean I used a donkey's jawbone to kill 1000 Philistine men.
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[^84]: **15:16** **with the jawbone of a donkey I have killed a thousand men** (**L**: *with the jawbone of the donkey I have slaughtered a thousand men* | **S**: *With the jawbone of a donkey I have killed a thousand men*) In the second line of Solomon's poem, he bragged that he had killed 1000 Philistine men. The poetic line **with the jawbone of a donkey I have killed a thousand men** is even more intense than the previous line. Not only did Solomon make heaps of dead bodies, but he killed a huge number of Philistines as well. Translate **with the jawbone of a donkey I have killed a thousand men** to mean I used a donkey's jawbone to kill 1000 Philistine men.
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17 When Samson finished speaking, he threw away the jawbone, and he called the place Ramath Lehi.[^85] 18 Samson was very thirsty and called on Yahweh and said, "You have given this great victory to your servant.[^86] But now will I die of thirst and fall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised?"[^87] 19 God split open the hollow place that is at Lehi and water came out.[^88] When he drank, his strength returned and he revived. So he called the name of that place En Hakkore,[^89] and it is at Lehi to this day. 20 Samson judged Israel in the days of the Philistines for twenty years.[^90]
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[^85]: **15:17** **he called the place Ramath Lehi** (**L**: *he named that place Ramath Lehi* | **S**: *later that place was called Ramath Lehi (or Jawbone Hill)*) Samson named the place after the weapon he used to kill the Philistines. The phrase Ramath Lehi means Jawbone Hill. Samson took pride in the number of Philistines he killed, and also how he killed them. He failed to give God credit for his victory. Without the Spirit of Yahweh, he could not have accomplished this feat. We need God's help to follow his plan for our lives. Translate **he called the place Ramath Lehi** to mean he called the place Jawbone Hill.
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[^85]: **15:17** **he called the place Ramath Lehi** (**L**: *he named that place Ramath Lehi* | **S**: *later that place was called Ramath Lehi (or Jawbone Hill)*) Samson named the place after the weapon he used to kill the Philistines. The phrase Ramath Lehi means Jawbone Hill. Samson took pride in how many Philistines he killed and how he killed them. He failed to give God credit for his victory. Without the Spirit of Yahweh, he could not have accomplished this feat. We need God's help to follow his plan for our lives. Translate **he called the place Ramath Lehi** to mean he called the place Jawbone Hill.
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[^86]: **15:18** **You have given this great victory to your servant** (**L**: *You Yourself have given this great victory into the hand of Your servant* | **S**: *You have given me strength to win a great victory*) Samson spoke to Yahweh and said that Yahweh had given him the victory. This is the complete opposite of how Samson has lived his life, and the first time he has given Yahweh credit and praise for one of his victories. It is likely that Samson only said this because he was thirsty. Some people only reach out to God when they are in trouble. God wants his people to depend on him at all times. Translate **You have given this great victory to your servant** to mean you have made it possible for me, your servant, to defeat the Philistines.
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[^86]: **15:18** **You have given this great victory to your servant** (**L**: *You Yourself have given this great victory into the hand of Your servant* | **S**: *You have given me strength to win a great victory*) Samson spoke to Yahweh and said that Yahweh had given him the victory. This is the complete opposite of how Samson has lived his life and the first time he has given Yahweh credit and praise for one of his victories. It is likely that Samson only said this because he was thirsty. Some people only reach out to God when they are in trouble. God wants his people to depend on him at all times. Translate **You have given this great victory to your servant** to mean you have made it possible for me, your servant, to defeat the Philistines.
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[^87]: **15:18** **now will I die of thirst and fall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised?** (**L**: *But now must I die with this thirst so that I will fall into the hand of the uncircumcised?* | **S**: *So now must I die because of being thirsty, with the result that those heathen, uncircumcised Philistines will capture me?*) Samson asked Yahweh if he were going to let him die and be captured by the Philistines. The phrase **die of thirst** means to die because you have not drank enough and therefore, you do not have enough water in your body. The phrase **fall into the hands** means to be captured. The phrase **those who are uncircumcised** refers to the Philistines, and to the fact that they do not worship God. For the first time ever, Samson claimed he did not want to be captured by the godless Philistines. But we should seek to glorify God and do his will during the good times and the bad. Translate **now will I die of thirst and fall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised?** to mean please do not let me die of thirst and be captured by the godless Philistines.
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[^87]: **15:18** **now will I die of thirst and fall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised?** (**L**: *But now must I die with this thirst so that I will fall into the hand of the uncircumcised?* | **S**: *So now must I die because of being thirsty, with the result that those heathen, uncircumcised Philistines will capture me?*) Samson asked Yahweh if he would let him die and be captured by the Philistines. The phrase **die of thirst** means to die because you have not drunk enough and, therefore, you do not have enough water in your body. The phrase **fall into the hands** means to be captured. The phrase **those who are uncircumcised** refers to the Philistines and the fact that they do not worship God. For the first time ever, Samson claimed he did not want to be captured by the godless Philistines. But we should seek to glorify God and do his will during the good and bad times. Translate **now will I die of thirst and fall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised?** to mean please do not let me die of thirst and be captured by the godless Philistines.
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[^88]: **15:19** **God split open the hollow place that is at Lehi and water came out** (**L**: *God split open the hollow place that is at Lehi and water came out of it* | **S**: *God caused water to gush out of a depression in the ground at Lehi*) God opened up a low region of ground and caused water to come out. The phrase **hollow place** refers to a low area of ground. Yahweh listened to Samson's plea and provided water. God often helps his people even when they've sinned. He is a merciful God who forgives people that do not deserve it. Translate **God split open the hollow place that is at Lehi and water came out** to mean God opened a hole in the ground at Lehi and caused a spring of water to appear.
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[^89]: **15:19** **he called the name of that place En Hakkore** (**L**: *he called the name of it En Hakkore* | **S**: *He named that place En Hakkore (or “The spring of the one who called out”)*) Samson named the place where God provided water En Hakkore. The name En Hakkore means the spring of the one who called out. By choosing this name, Samson again gave himself the honor, emphasizing his action, instead of giving the honor to God. Translate **he called the name of that place En Hakkore** to mean Samson named the place the spring of the one who called out.
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[^90]: **15:20** **Samson judged Israel in the days of the Philistines for twenty years** (**L**: *Thus he judged Israel in the days of the Philistines twenty years* | **S**: *Samson was the leader and judge over Israel for twenty years, but during that time the Philistines were in control of the entire land*) Samson was a leader and judge over Israel for 20 years. But unlike with other judges, Israel did not experience rest from the Philistines during his rule as judge. The phrase **in the days of the Philistines** refers to the time period that the Philistines controlled the land of Israel. Because Samson did not take Yahweh's call on his life seriously, and instead focused on women and other pleasures, he was not able to carry out God's plan for his life. As a result, Israel never experienced rest from the Philistines. When we live selfish, pleasure-seeking lives, we hurt both ourselves and those around us. The idea that we only hurt ourselves is a lie. Translate **Samson judged Israel in the days of the Philistines for twenty years** to mean Samson was the leader and judge over Israel during the time the Philistines controlled Israel.
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[^90]: **15:20** **Samson judged Israel in the days of the Philistines for twenty years** (**L**: *Thus he judged Israel in the days of the Philistines twenty years* | **S**: *Samson was the leader and judge over Israel for twenty years, but during that time the Philistines were in control of the entire land*) Samson was a leader and judge over Israel for 20 years. Unlike with other judges, Israel did not experience rest from the Philistines during his rule as judge. The phrase **in the days of the Philistines** refers to the time period that the Philistines controlled the land of Israel. Because Samson did not take Yahweh's call on his life seriously and instead focused on women and other pleasures, he was not able to carry out God's plan for his life. As a result, Israel never experienced rest from the Philistines. When we live selfish, pleasure-seeking lives, we hurt ourselves and those around us. The idea that we only hurt ourselves is a lie. Translate **Samson judged Israel in the days of the Philistines for twenty years** to mean Samson was the leader and judge over Israel during the time the Philistines controlled Israel.
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16:1 Samson went to Gaza and saw a prostitute there, and he went to bed with her.[^91] 2 The Gazites were told, "Samson has come here." The Gazites surrounded the place and in secret, they waited for him all night at the city gate. They kept silent all night. They had said, "Let us wait until daylight, and then let us kill him."[^92] 3 Samson lay in bed until midnight. At midnight he got up and he took hold of the city gate and its two posts. He pulled them up out of the ground, bar and all, put them on his shoulders, and carried them up to the top of the hill, in front of Hebron.[^93]
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[^91]: **16:1** **saw a prostitute there and he went to bed with her** (**L**: *he saw a woman there, a harlot, and he went in to her* | **S**: *He saw a prostitute there, and he spent the night with her*) Samson traveled to Gaza and met with a prostitute. Then he decided to sleep with her. The phrase **he went to bed with** is a polite way of referring to having sex. Samson likely paid for this encounter. He traveled far from his home to Gaza to pay for sex with a non-Israelite woman he didn't know. Having sex outside of marriage is against God's design. It never brings lasting happiness. It enslaves people, makes them feel empty inside, and leaves them always wanting more. Translate **saw a prostitute there and went to bed with her** to mean saw a prostitute there and had sex with her.
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[^92]: **16:2** **Let us wait until daylight, and then let us kill him** (**L**: *At the light of the morning, then we will kill him.* | **S**: *Let us wait until the light, and then we will kill him.*) The Gazites surrounded the place where Samson was staying with the prostitute. They stayed there all night at the city gate, waiting for the best opportunity to kill him. They planned to kill him at daylight. Samson's desire for sex has got him into trouble yet again. He was willing to risk his life for a night of physical pleasure. When people have sex outside of God's design, the desire for sex can take over their lives. This can lead to other sins and reckless behavior. Translate **Let us wait until daylight, and then let us kill him** to mean let us wait until the sun is up and then we will kill him.
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[^92]: **16:2** **Let us wait until daylight, and then let us kill him** (**L**: *At the light of the morning, then we will kill him.* | **S**: *Let us wait until the light, and then we will kill him.*) The Gazites surrounded the place where Samson was staying with the prostitute. They stayed at the city gate all night, waiting for the best opportunity to kill him. They planned to kill him at daylight. Samson's desire for sex has got him into trouble yet again. He was willing to risk his life for a night of physical pleasure. When people have sex outside of God's design, the desire for sex can take over their lives. This can lead to other sins and reckless behavior. Translate **Let us wait until daylight, and then let us kill him** to mean let us wait until the sun is up, and then we will kill him.
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[^93]: **16:3** **carried them up to the top of the hill, in front of Hebron** (**L**: *he brought them up to the top of the hill which is in front of Hebron* | **S**: *He put it on his shoulders and carried it many miles uphill, in front of the town of Hebron*) Samson woke up at midnight and escaped. He pulled out the city gate and took it to the top of the hill in front of Hebron. Although the text doesn't say directly, it was Yahweh who made this escape possible. Samson's desire for sex got him into trouble again, and should have cost him his life. Sexual sin often leads to anger, rage, violence, and life threatening situations. Translate **carried them up to the top of the hill, in front of Hebron** to mean carried the city gate, with its bar and posts, up to the top of the hill in front of Hebron.
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[^93]: **16:3** **carried them up to the top of the hill, in front of Hebron** (**L**: *he brought them up to the top of the hill which is in front of Hebron* | **S**: *He put it on his shoulders and carried it many miles uphill, in front of the town of Hebron*) Samson woke up at midnight and escaped. He pulled out the city gate and took it to the top of the hill in front of Hebron. Although the text doesn't say directly, Yahweh made this escape possible. Samson's desire for sex got him into trouble again and should have cost him his life. Sexual sin often leads to anger, rage, violence, and life-threatening situations. Translate **carried them up to the top of the hill, in front of Hebron** to mean carried the city gate, with its bar and posts, up to the top of the hill in front of Hebron.
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4 After this, Samson came to love a woman who lived in the Valley of Sorek.[^94] Her name was Delilah. 5 The rulers of the Philistines came up to her, and said to her, "Trick Samson to see where his great strength lies,[^95] and by what means we may overpower him,[^96] that we may bind him in order to humiliate him. Do this, and each one of us will give you 1,100 pieces of silver."[^97] 6 Then Delilah said to Samson, "Please, tell me how is it that you are so strong, and how could anyone bind you, so you might be controlled?"[^98] 7 Samson said to her, "If they tie me with seven fresh bowstrings that have not been dried,[^99] then I will become weak and be like any other man." 8 Then the rulers of the Philistines brought up to Delilah seven fresh bowstrings that had not been dried, and she tied Samson up with them. 9 Now she had men hiding in secret, staying in her inner room. She said to him, "The Philistines are upon you, Samson!"[^100] But he broke the bowstrings like a thread of yarn when it touches the fire.[^101] So the secret of his strength was not discovered.
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[^94]: **16:4** **Samson came to love a woman who lived in the Valley of Sorek** (**L**: *Now it happened after this that he loved a woman in the Valley of Sorek* | **S**: *Later Samson fell in love with a woman named Delilah. She lived in the Valley of Sorek (in the Philistine area)*) Samson fell in love with another Philistine woman. The **Valley of Sorek** is the name of a valley near Samson’s home. Instead of marrying an Israelite woman as he should, Samson is again drawn to a Philistine woman. He is still controlled by his senses and desires. Sometimes people get stuck in patterns of sin. They commit the same sin repeatedly until it finally destroys them. Translate **Samson came to love a woman who lived in the Valley of Sorek** to mean Samson fell in love with a woman living in the Valley of Sorek.
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[^94]: **16:4** **Samson came to love a woman who lived in the Valley of Sorek** (**L**: *Now it happened after this that he loved a woman in the Valley of Sorek* | **S**: *Later Samson fell in love with a woman named Delilah. She lived in the Valley of Sorek (in the Philistine area)*). Samson fell in love with another Philistine woman. The **Valley of Sorek** is the name of a valley near Samson’s home. Instead of marrying an Israelite woman as he should, Samson is again drawn to a Philistine woman. He is still controlled by his senses and desires. Sometimes people get stuck in patterns of sin. They commit the same sin repeatedly until it finally destroys them. Translate **Samson came to love a woman who lived in the Valley of Sorek** to mean Samson fell in love with a woman living in the Valley of Sorek.
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[^95]: **16:5** **Trick Samson to see where his great strength lies** (**L**: *See by what means is his great strength* | **S**: *Use your tricks to find out from Samson what makes him so strong*) The Philistine rulers asked Delilah to trick Samson into telling her what made him so strong. The word **trick** means to mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do. This plan only works because of Samson's weakness toward woman. We the most important thing to us is not God, we can be manipulated into doing sinful things. People can get us to do bad things in exchange for the thing that we want. Translate **Trick Samson to see where his great strength lies** to mean mislead Samson into telling you the secret of his strength.
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[^95]: **16:5** **Trick Samson to see where his great strength lies** (**L**: *See by what means is his great strength* | **S**: *Use your tricks to find out from Samson what makes him so strong*). The Philistine rulers asked Delilah to trick Samson into telling her what made him so strong. The word **trick** means to mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do. This plan only works because of Samson's weakness toward women. When the most important thing to us is not God, we can be manipulated into doing sinful things. People can get us to do bad things in exchange for what we want. Translate **Trick Samson to see where his great strength lies** to mean mislead Samson into telling you the secret of his strength.
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[^96]: **16:5** **by what means we may overpower him** (**L**: *how we can prevail over him* | **S**: *And find out how we can subdue him*) The Philistine rulers told Delilah that they planed to overpower Samson once they knew the secret of his strength. The phrase **by what means we may overpower him** means how we might overpower him. The Philistine rulers planned to kill Samson after they learned how to drain his strength. Translate **by what means we may overpower him** to mean how we might capture him.
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[^96]: **16:5** **by what means we may overpower him** (**L**: *how we can prevail over him* | **S**: *And find out how we can subdue him*). The Philistine rulers told Delilah they planned to overpower Samson once they knew the secret of his strength. The phrase **by what means we may overpower him** means how we might overpower him. The Philistine rulers planned to kill Samson after they learned how to drain his strength. Translate **by what means we may overpower him** to mean how we might capture him.
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[^97]: **16:5** **Do this, and each one of us will give you 1,100 pieces of silver** (**L**: *Then we will each give you one thousand one hundred silver pieces* | **S**: *If you do that, each of us will give you 1,100 pieces of silver*) The Philistine rulers offered Delilah 1,100 pieces of silver to deceive Samson. When relationships are based on desire, the people in the relationship can easily be led astray. If something they desire more comes along, they will often choose that new thing over the relationship. Translate **Do this, and each one of us will give you 1,100 pieces of silver** to mean if you trick Samson, each one of us will pay you 1,100 pieces of silver.
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[^98]: **16:6** **how could anyone bind you, so you might be controlled** (**L**: *how can you be bound in order to weaken you?”* | **S**: *how someone can subdue you and tie you up*) Delilah asked Samson for the secret to his strength. The statement **bind you, so you might be controlled** means bind you to restrain you. Delilah accepted the deal offered by the Philistines, and attempted to trick Samson into telling her his secret. Translate **how could anyone bind you, so you might be controlled** to mean how could anyone bind you to restrain you.
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[^98]: **16:6** **how could anyone bind you, so you might be controlled** (**L**: *how can you be bound in order to weaken you?”* | **S**: *how someone can subdue you and tie you up*) Delilah asked Samson for the secret to his strength. The statement **bind you, so you might be controlled** means bind you to restrain you. Delilah accepted the deal offered by the Philistines and attempted to trick Samson into telling her his secret. Translate **how could anyone bind you, so you might be controlled** to mean how could anyone bind you to restrain you.
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[^99]: **16:7** **If they tie me with seven fresh bowstrings that have not been dried** (**L**: *If they would bind me with seven fresh cords that have not been dried* | **S**: *If someone ties me with seven new bowstrings, ones that are not dry yet*) Samson told Delilah that restraining him with seven new bowstrings, made from a freshly killed animal, would work. **Fresh bowstrings** were often made from parts of an animal, often from the tendons. Samson lied to Delilah, and was about to break his Nazirite vow yet again. Translate **if they tie me with seven fresh bowstrings that have not been dried** to mean if they bind me with seven fresh bowstrings that are not dry yet.
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[^99]: **16:7** **If they tie me with seven fresh bowstrings that have not been dried** (**L**: *If they would bind me with seven fresh cords that have not been dried* | **S**: *If someone ties me with seven new bowstrings, ones that are not dry yet*) Samson told Delilah that restraining him with seven new bowstrings, made from a freshly killed animal, would work. **Fresh bowstrings** were often made from parts of an animal, often from the tendons. Samson lied to Delilah and was about to break his Nazirite vow yet again. Translate **if they tie me with seven fresh bowstrings that have not been dried** to mean if they bind me with seven fresh bowstrings that are not dry yet.
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[^100]: **16:9** **The Philistines are upon you, Samson!** (**L**: *The Philistines are upon you, Samson!* | **S**: *Samson! The Philistines have come here to capture you!*) Once Delilah had Samson bound in the fresh bowstrings, she announced that the Philistines were there to capture him. The phrase **upon you** means ready to capture you. Delilah thought that Samson would be captured, but he had lied to her about the source of his strength. Translate **The Philistines are upon you, Samson!** to mean The Philistines are ready to capture you, Samson.
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@ -300,19 +300,19 @@ The Book of Judges tells of events that occurred after the Israelites settled in
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10 Then Delilah said to Samson, "This is how you have deceived me and told me lies.[^102] Please, tell me how you can be overpowered."[^103] 11 He said to her, "If they tie me up with new ropes which have never been used for work,[^104] I will become weak and like any other man."[^105] 12 So Delilah took new ropes and tied him up with them, and said to him, "The Philistines are upon you, Samson!"[^106] The men lying in wait were in the inner room.[^107] But Samson tore off the ropes from his arms like they were a piece of thread.[^108]
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[^102]: **16:10** **This is how you have deceived me and told me lies** (**L**: *Look, you have deceived me and you have spoken lies to me* | **S**: *You have deceived me and lied to me!*) Delilah accused Samson of lying to her. Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. Relationships built on manipulation and lies do not honor God. But such relationships are often found in sinful cultures. Translate **This is how you have deceived me and told me lies** to mean You have tricked me and lied to me!
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[^102]: **16:10** **This is how you have deceived me and told me lies** (**L**: *Look, you have deceived me and you have spoken lies to me* | **S**: *You have deceived me and lied to me!*) Delilah accused Samson of lying to her. Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. Relationships built on manipulation and lies do not honor God. But such relationships are often found in sinful cultures. Translate **This is how you have deceived me and told me lies** to mean You have tricked and lied to me!
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[^103]: **16:10** **Please, tell me how you can be overpowered.** See note on 16:6.
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[^104]: **16:11** **If they tie me up with new ropes which have never been used for work** (**L**: *If in fact they would bind me with new cords with which work has not been done with them* | **S**: *If someone ties me with new ropes, ones that have never been used*) Samson lied to Delilah again. He told her that if he were bound with unused ropes, then he could be overpowered. See note on 16:7. Translate **If they tie me up with new ropes which have never been used for work** to mean if they tie me up with new ropes which are unused.
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[^104]: **16:11** **If they tie me up with new ropes which have never been used for work** (**L**: *If in fact they would bind me with new cords with which work has not been done with them* | **S**: *If someone ties me with new ropes, ones that have never been used*) Samson lied to Delilah again. He told her that if he were bound with unused ropes, he could be overpowered. See note on 16:7. Translate **If they tie me up with new ropes which have never been used for work** to mean if they tie me up with new ropes which are unused.
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[^105]: **16:11** **I will become weak and like any other man** See note on 16:7.
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[^105]: **16:11** **I will become weak and like any other man**. See note on 16:7.
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[^106]: **16:11** **The Philistines are upon you, Samson!** See note on 16:9.
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[^107]: **16:12** **The men lying in wait were in the inner room** (**L**: *the ambush group staying in the room.* | **S**: **) The Philistine men were hiding in Delilah's room just like before. The phrase **lying in wait** means they were hiding and waiting for the right moment to attack. Translate **The men lying in wait were in the inner room** to mean The Philistine men were hiding in her room and waiting for the right moment to attack.
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[^108]: **16:12** **Samson tore off the ropes from his arms like they were a piece of thread** (**L**: *But he flicked them off from upon his arms like they were thread* | **S**: *But Samson snapped the ropes on his arms as easily as if they had been threads*) Samson easily tore off the ropes just as he did the bowstrings. The phrase **like they were a piece of thread** describes how easily Samson broke the ropes by comparing it breaking a piece of thread. Samson continued to defeat the Philistines again and again. God can use the righteous or sinners to carry out his plans. Translate **Samson tore off the ropes from his arms like they were a piece of thread** to mean Samson tore off the ropes as if they were a piece of thread.
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[^108]: **16:12** **Samson tore off the ropes from his arms like they were a piece of thread** (**L**: *But he flicked them off from upon his arms like they were thread* | **S**: *But Samson snapped the ropes on his arms as easily as if they had been threads*) Samson easily tore off the ropes just as he did the bowstrings. The phrase **like they were a piece of thread** describes how easily Samson broke the ropes by comparing it to breaking a piece of thread. Samson continued to defeat the Philistines again and again. God can use the righteous or sinners to carry out his plans. Translate **Samson tore off the ropes from his arms like they were a piece of thread** to mean Samson tore off the ropes as if they were a piece of thread.
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13 Delilah said to Samson, "Until now you have deceived me and told me lies.[^109] Tell me how you may be overpowered."[^110] Samson said to her, "If you weave seven locks of my hair into a fabric on a loom,[^111] and then nail that to the loom, I will be like any other man."[^112] 14 While he slept, Delilah wove seven locks of his hair into the fabric on the loom and nailed it to the loom, and she said to him, "The Philistines are upon you, Samson!"[^113] He woke from his sleep and he pulled out the fabric and the pin from the loom.[^114]
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@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ The Book of Judges tells of events that occurred after the Israelites settled in
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[^111]: **16:13** **If you weave seven locks of my hair into a fabric on a loom** (**L**: *If you would only weave seven of the locks of hair from my head with the loom* | **S**: *If you weave the seven braids of my hair into the threads you are weaving on the loom*) Samson told Delilah that weaving seven locks of his hair into a fabric using a loom was the way to remove his great strength. The term **weave** refers to crossing pieces of material together so they hold each other in place. The phrase **locks of hair** refers to small bunches of hair. The term **fabric** refers to cloth made from weaving material together. The term **loom** refers to a machine used for combining many threads of material into a cloth. Samson lied to Delilah a third time. Both Samson and Delilah repeatedly deceive one another. Translate **If you weave seven locks of my hair into a fabric on a loom** to mean If you use a loom to weave seven locks of my hair into cloth.
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[^112]: **16:13** **I will be like any other man** (**L**: ** | **S**: *I will become as weak as other men*) Samson told Delilah that if she followed his steps he would lose all his strength. Translate **I will be like any other man** to mean I will be as weak as any other man.
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[^112]: **16:13** **I will be like any other man** (**L**: ** | **S**: *I will become as weak as other men*). Samson told Delilah that if she followed his steps, he would lose all his strength. Translate **I will be like any other man** to mean I will be as weak as any other man.
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[^113]: **16:14** **The Philistines are upon you, Samson!** See note on 16:9.
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@ -330,15 +330,15 @@ The Book of Judges tells of events that occurred after the Israelites settled in
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15 She said to him, "How can you say, 'I love you,' when you do not share your secrets with me?[^115] You have mocked me these three times and have not told me how you have such great strength." 16 Every day she pressed him hard with her words,[^116] and she pressured him so much that he wished he would die.[^ 117] 17 So Samson told her everything and said to her, "I have never had a razor cut the hair on my head,[^118] for I have been a Nazirite for God from my mother's womb.[^119] If my head is shaved, then my strength will leave me,[^120] and I will become weak and be like every other man."[^121]
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[^115]: **16:15** **How can you say, 'I love you,' when you do not share your secrets with me?** (**L**: *How can you say, ‘I love you,’ yet your heart is not with me?* | **S**: *How can you say that you love me when you do not tell me the truth about yourself?*) Delilah asked Samson how he could say he loved her, if he refused to tell her the secret of his strength. This is a way of saying that Samson doesn't love her. Samson has constantly been manipulated by the women in his life. Lustful obsession with women leaves men vulnerable to manipulation. Translate **How can you say, 'I love you,' when you do not share your secrets with me?** to mean When you say 'I love you,' you are lying because you do not share your secrets with me.
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[^115]: **16:15** **How can you say, 'I love you,' when you do not share your secrets with me?** (**L**: *How can you say, ‘I love you,’ yet your heart is not with me?* | **S**: *How can you say that you love me when you do not tell me the truth about yourself?*) Delilah asked Samson how he could say he loved her if he refused to tell her the secret of his strength. This is a way of saying that Samson doesn't love her. Samson has constantly been manipulated by the women in his life. Lustful obsession with women leaves men vulnerable to manipulation. Translate **How can you say, 'I love you,' when you do not share your secrets with me?** to mean When you say 'I love you,' you are lying because you do not share your secrets with me.
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[^116]: **16:16** **Every day she pressed him hard with her words** (**L**: *it happened that she pressured him with her speech throughout the day.* | **S**: *Day after day she used every trick to get him to tell her his secret.*) Delilah tried to convince Samson to tell her his secret everyday. The phrase **pressed him hard** means tried very hard to convince him. The phrase **with her words** means she was using verbal arguments as her method of persuasion. If Delilah loved Samson, she would not be trying to undermine his calling from God. Genuine love places the needs of others first. Translate **Every day she pressed him hard with her words** to mean she tried hard to persuade him to tell her his secret everyday.
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[^116]: **16:16** **Every day she pressed him hard with her words** (**L**: *it happened that she pressured him with her speech throughout the day.* | **S**: *Day after day she used every trick to get him to tell her his secret.*) Delilah tried to convince Samson to tell her his secret every day. The phrase **pressed him hard** means he tried very hard to convince him. The phrase **with her words** means she was using verbal arguments as her method of persuasion. If Delilah loved Samson, she would not try to undermine his calling from God. Genuine love places the needs of others first. Translate **Every day she pressed him hard with her words** to mean she tried hard to persuade him to tell her his secret every day.
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[^117]: **16:16** **she pressured him so much that he wished he would die** (**L**: *She also continually pressed him so that his soul was vexed to death.* | **S**: *Day after day she used every trick to get him to tell her his secret*) Delilah's continual attempts to persuade Samson were so intense that it made Samson want to die. The phrase **wished he would die** is an exaggeration used to emphasize how miserable Samson felt. Delilah's relentless attempts to change Samson's mind made Samson extremely unhappy. Translate **she pressured him so much that he wished he would die** to mean she pressured him so relentlessly that he was completely miserable.
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[^117]: **16:16** **she pressured him so much that he wished he would die** (**L**: *She also continually pressed him so that his soul was vexed to death.* | **S**: *Day after day she used every trick to get him to tell her his secret*) Delilah's continual attempts to persuade Samson were so intense that it made Samson want to die. The phrase **wished he would die** is an exaggeration to emphasize how miserable Samson felt. Delilah's relentless attempts to change Samson's mind made Samson extremely unhappy. Translate **she pressured him so much that he wished he would die** to mean she pressured him so relentlessly that he was completely miserable.
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[^118]: **16:17** **I have never had a razor cut the hair on my head** (**L**: *A razor has never gone up upon my head* | **S**: *because of that, my hair has never been cut*) Samson explained that his hair had never been cut. The word **razor** refers to a sharp blade used to cut hair close to a person’s skin. Samson began to tell Delilah his secret, which would allow the Philistines to stop Samson from achieving his calling. Sexual sin can cause people to comprise their calling from God. Their love for pleasure becomes greater than their love for God. Translate **I have never had a razor cut the hair on my head** to mean no one has ever cut my hair using a razor.
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[^118]: **16:17** **I have never had a razor cut the hair on my head** (**L**: *A razor has never gone up upon my head* | **S**: *because of that, my hair has never been cut*). Samson explained that his hair had never been cut. The word **razor** refers to a sharp blade used to cut hair close to a person’s skin. Samson began to tell Delilah his secret, which would allow the Philistines to stop Samson from achieving his calling. Sexual sin can cause people to comprise their calling from God. Their love for pleasure becomes greater than their love for God. Translate **I have never had a razor cut the hair on my head** to mean no one has ever cut my hair using a razor.
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[^119]: **16:17** **I have been a Nazirite for God from my mother's womb** (**L**: *I have been a Nazirite to God from the womb of my mother* | **S**: *I have been set apart for God since the day I was born*) Samson told Delilah that he has been a Nazirite since the moment he was conceived. The phrase **from my mother's womb** means since I was born. Samson was aware of his vow. Yet he had violated them again and again. Telling Delilah the secret of his strength would give her the power to break Samson's final vow. Translate **I have been a Nazirite for God from my mother's womb** to mean I have been a Nazirite for God since I was born.
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[^119]: **16:17** **I have been a Nazirite for God from my mother's womb** (**L**: *I have been a Nazirite to God from the womb of my mother* | **S**: *I have been set apart for God since the day I was born*). Samson told Delilah that he had been a Nazirite since the moment he was conceived. The phrase **from my mother's womb** means since I was born. Samson was aware of his vow. Yet he had violated them again and again. Telling Delilah the secret of his strength would give her the power to break Samson's final vow. Translate **I have been a Nazirite for God from my mother's womb** to mean I have been a Nazirite for God since I was born.
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[^120]: **16:17** **If my head is shaved, then my strength will leave me** (**L**: *If I would be completely shaved, then my strength would leave me* | **S**: *If my hair were shaved off, my strength would be gone*) Samson told Delilah the secret of this strength. The word **shaved** means to have the hair cut close to the skin with a razor. The phrase **my strength will leave me** refers to **strength** as though it were a person who could leave. Given Delilah's previous attempts, this was a big mistake. Love of pleasure can cause us to compromise our faith in God. Translate **If my head is shaved, then my strength will leave me** to mean if my hair was completely shaved off, I would no longer have my strength.
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@ -346,25 +346,25 @@ The Book of Judges tells of events that occurred after the Israelites settled in
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18 When Delilah saw that he had told her the truth about everything,[^122] she sent and called for the rulers of the Philistines, saying, "Come up again, for he has told me everything." Then the rulers of the Philistines went up to her, bringing the silver in their hands.[^123] 19 She had him fall asleep in her lap.[^124] She called for a man to shave off the seven locks of his head,[^125] and she began to subdue him, for his strength had left him.[^126] 20 She said, "The Philistines are upon you, Samson!"[^127] He woke up out of his sleep and said, "I will get out like the other times and shake myself free." But he did not know that Yahweh had left him.[^128] 21 The Philistines captured him and put out his eyes.[^129] They brought him down to Gaza and bound him with bronze shackles. He turned the millstone at the prison house.[^130] 22 But the hair on his head began to grow again after it had been shaved.[^131]
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[^122]: **16:18** **he had told her the truth about everything** (**L**: *he had told her everything in his heart* | **S**: *this time he had told her the truth*) Samson told Delilah the truth. He told her how to take away his strength. The phrase **told her the truth about everything** means told her everything about the source of his strength. Delilah could use this information to help the Philistines capture Samson. Translate **he had told her the truth about everything** to mean he had told her the truth about the source of his strength.
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[^122]: **16:18** **he had told her the truth about everything** (**L**: *he had told her everything in his heart* | **S**: *this time he had told her the truth*). Samson told Delilah the truth. He told her how to take away his strength. The phrase **told her the truth about everything** means he told her everything about the source of his strength. Delilah could use this information to help the Philistines capture Samson. Translate **he had told her the truth about everything** to mean he had told her the truth about the source of his strength.
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[^123]: **16:18** **bringing the silver in their hands** (**L**: *they brought the silver in their hand.* | **S**: *The Philistine leaders...gave Delilah the money they promised to give her*) The Philistine men brought Delilah's payment with them. Translate **bringing the silver in their hands** to mean bringing the silver that they had promised to give her.
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[^123]: **16:18** **bringing the silver in their hands** (**L**: *they brought the silver in their hand.* | **S**: *The Philistine leaders...gave Delilah the money they promised to give her*). The Philistine men brought Delilah's payment with them. Translate **bringing the silver in their hands** to mean bringing the silver they had promised to give her.
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[^124]: **16:19** **She had him fall asleep in her lap** (**L**: *Then she made him fall asleep on her knees* | **S**: *she lulled Samson to sleep, with his head in her lap*) Delilah made Samson fall asleep in her lap. The phrase **had him fall sleep** means caused him to fall asleep. The phrase **in her lap** means Samson slept with his head on her lap. The term **lap** is the level area of the upper legs when a person is sitting down. Delilah lulled Samson to sleep, so that the Philistine men could subdue him. Translate **She had him fall asleep in her lap** to mean she lulled Samson to sleep on top of her lap.
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[^124]: **16:19** **She had him fall asleep in her lap** (**L**: *Then she made him fall asleep on her knees* | **S**: *she lulled Samson to sleep, with his head in her lap*) Delilah made Samson fall asleep in her lap. The phrase **had him fall sleep** means caused him to fall asleep. The phrase **in her lap** means Samson slept with his head on her lap. The term **lap** is the level area of the upper legs when a person is sitting down. Delilah lulled Samson to sleep so the Philistine men could subdue him. Translate **She had him fall asleep in her lap** to mean she lulled Samson to sleep on her lap.
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[^125]: **16:19** **She called for a man to shave off the seven locks of his head** (**L**: *she called to the man while she shaved off the seven locks from his head* | **S**: *she called one of the Philistine men to come and cut off Samson’s hair*) After Samson fell asleep, Delilah called the Philistine men to cut his hair. The word **locks** refers to small bunches of hair. Samson had seven of these locks. When the Philistine man cut these locks, Samson's final Nazirite vow was broken. Eventually, a life of sin will destroy us if we fail to repent. Translate **She called for a man to shave off the seven locks of his head** to mean she called for one of the Philistine men to shave off the seven bunches of hair on Samson's head.
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[^126]: **16:19** **she began to subdue him, for his strength had left him** (**L**: *she had begun to weaken him, and his strength departed from upon him* | **S**: *As he did that, Samson became weak; he had no more strength*) Delilah begin to subdue Samson because he had lost his strength. The phrase **subdue him** means control him. The phrase **his strength had left him** describes Samson's strength as if it were a person that could leave him. Delilah and the Philistines began to capture Samson. Translate **she began to subdue him, for his strength had left him** to mean she began to help capture him, because he was no longer strong.
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[^126]: **16:19** **she began to subdue him, for his strength had left him** (**L**: *she had begun to weaken him, and his strength departed from upon him* | **S**: *As he did that, Samson became weak; he had no more strength*) Delilah begin to subdue Samson because he had lost his strength. The phrase **subdue him** means to control him. The phrase **his strength had left him** describes Samson's strength as if it were a person that could leave him. Delilah and the Philistines began to capture Samson. Translate **she began to subdue him, for his strength had left him** to mean she began to help capture him because he was no longer strong.
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[^127]: **16:20** **The Philistines are upon you, Samson!** See note on 16:9.
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[^128]: **16:20** **he did not know that Yahweh had left him** (**L**: *But he did not know that Yahweh had departed from upon him* | **S**: *But he did not realize that Yahweh had left him*) Samson did not know that God was no longer giving him extraordinary strength. Samson's strength was not actually in his hair, but when he broke his final Nazirite vow, God decided to no longer supply him with strength. God's mercy and love are deep. But there are always consequences when we sin. Translate **he did not know that Yahweh had left him** to mean But he did not know that Yahweh had left him and that he would not be strong enough to defeat the Philistines.
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[^128]: **16:20** **he did not know that Yahweh had left him** (**L**: *But he did not know that Yahweh had departed from upon him* | **S**: *But he did not realize that Yahweh had left him*) Samson did not know that God was no longer giving him extraordinary strength. Samson's strength was not actually in his hair, but God decided to no longer supply him with strength when he broke his final Nazirite vow. God's mercy and love are deep. But there are always consequences when we sin. Translate **he did not know that Yahweh had left him** to mean, but he did not know that Yahweh had left him and that he would not be strong enough to defeat the Philistines.
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[^129]: **16:21** **The Philistines captured him and put out his eyes** (**L**: *The Philistines seized him and they gouged out his eyes* | **S**: *the Philistine men seized him and gouged out his eyes*) The Philistine men captured Samson and destroyed his eyes. The phrase **put out his eyes** means damaged his eyes so that they no longer worked, or removed his eyes from his head. Living a life of sin comes with a cost. Sometimes the consequences can be severe. Those who refuse to repent will pay for their sins in this life and also the next. Translate **The Philistines captured him and put out his eyes** to mean the Philistines captured and blinded him.
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[^129]: **16:21** **The Philistines captured him and put out his eyes** (**L**: *The Philistines seized him and they gouged out his eyes* | **S**: *the Philistine men seized him and gouged out his eyes*) The Philistine men captured Samson and destroyed his eyes. The phrase **put out his eyes** means he damaged his eyes so that they no longer worked or removed his eyes from his head. Living a life of sin comes with a cost. Sometimes the consequences can be severe. Those who refuse to repent will pay for their sins in this life and in the next. Translate **The Philistines captured him and put out his eyes** to mean the Philistines captured and blinded him.
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[^130]: **16:21** **He turned the millstone at the prison house** (**L**: *he was grinding at the house of the prisoners.* | **S**: *They made him turn a large millstone to grind grain every day*) The Philistines forced Samson to turn a large millstone and grind grain everyday in the prison. The term **millstone** refers to a very large, heavy, circular stone typically pulled by a large animal. The animal pulled the stone around in a circle to crush grain. The Philistines wanted to humiliate Samson by this process. Translate **He turned the millstone at the prison house** to mean he pulled the millstone around in the circle to grind grain in the prison.
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[^130]: **16:21** **He turned the millstone at the prison house** (**L**: *he was grinding at the house of the prisoners.* | **S**: *They made him turn a large millstone to grind grain every day*). The Philistines forced Samson to turn a large millstone and grind grain daily in prison. The term **millstone** refers to a very large, heavy, circular stone typically pulled by a large animal. The animal pulled the stone around in a circle to crush the grain. The Philistines wanted to humiliate Samson through this process. Translate **He turned the millstone at the prison house** to mean he pulled the millstone around in the circle to grind grain in the prison.
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[^131]: **16:22** **the hair on his head began to grow again after it had been shaved** (**L**: *the hair on his head began to grow again after it had been shaved* | **S**: *But his hair started to grow again after it had been cut*) Samson's hair started to grow back while he was in the prison. The phrase **after it had been shaved** means after the Philistines had shaved it. This statement gives hope for Samson's situation. God provides hope in the darkest situations. Translate **the hair on his head began to grow again after it had been shaved** to mean the hair on his head began to grow back after the Philistines had shaved it.
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[^131]: **16:22** **the hair on his head began to grow again after it had been shaved** (**L**: *the hair on his head began to grow again after it had been shaved* | **S**: *But his hair started to grow again after it had been cut*) Samson's hair started to grow back while he was in prison. The phrase **after it had been shaved** means after the Philistines had shaved it. This statement gives hope for Samson's situation. God provides hope in the darkest situations. Translate **the hair on his head began to grow again after it had been shaved** to mean the hair on his head began to grow back after the Philistines had shaved it.
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23 The rulers of the Philistines gathered together to offer a great sacrifice to Dagon their god, and to rejoice.[^132] They said, "Our god has conquered Samson, our enemy, and put him in our grasp."[^133] 24 When the people saw him, they praised their god, for they said, "Our god has conquered our enemy and given him to us[^134]—the destroyer of our country, who killed many of us."[^135] 25 When they were celebrating, they said, "Call for Samson, that he may make us laugh."[^136] They called for Samson out of the prison and he made them laugh. They made him stand between the pillars. 26 Samson said to the boy who held his hand, "Permit me to touch the pillars on which the building rests,[^137] so that I can lean against them." 27 Now the house was full of men and women. All the rulers of the Philistines were there.[^138] There were on the roof about three thousand men and women, who were looking on while Samson was entertaining them.[^139]
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@ -372,31 +372,31 @@ The Book of Judges tells of events that occurred after the Israelites settled in
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[^133]: **16:23** **put him in our grasp** (**L**: *has given Samson into our hand* | **S**: *has enabled us to defeat our great enemy Samson!*) The Philistines praised Dagon for allowing them to capture Samson. The phrase **put him in our grasp** speaks of Samson being under the rulers’ control as if he were something grasped tightly by their hands. Translate **put him in our grasp** to mean put him under our control.
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[^134]: **16:24** **given him to us** (**L**: *has given our enemy into our hand* | **S**: *has put our great enemy into our hands*) This phrase means the same thing as **put him in our grasp.** See the note on 16:23 above.
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[^134]: **16:24** **given him to us** (**L**: *has given our enemy into our hand* | **S**: *has put our great enemy into our hands*). This phrase means the same thing as **put him in our grasp.** See the note on 16:23 above.
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[^135]: **16:24** **the destroyer of our country, who killed many of us** (**L**: *the devastator of our land, who heaped up our slain ones* | **S**: *the one who has harmed our country so much*) The Philistines referred to Samson as the destroyer of their country who was responsible for killing many Philistines. The phrase **destroyer of our country** means he man who has destroyed our country. It refers to Samson. The phrase **who killed many of us** refers to the Philistine people. Samson killed many Philistines and was hated by the people. They believed their god, Dagon, had defeated their greatest enemy. Translate **the destroyer of our country, who killed many of us** to mean the man who has destroyed our country, who killed many Philistines.
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[^135]: **16:24** **the destroyer of our country, who killed many of us** (**L**: *the devastator of our land, who heaped up our slain ones* | **S**: *the one who has harmed our country so much*) The Philistines referred to Samson as the destroyer of their country who was responsible for killing many Philistines. The phrase **destroyer of our country** means the man who has destroyed our country. It refers to Samson. The phrase **who killed many of us** refers to the Philistine people. Samson killed many Philistines and was hated by the people. They believed their god, Dagon, had defeated their greatest enemy. Translate **the destroyer of our country, who killed many of us** to mean the man who has destroyed our country, who killed many Philistines.
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[^136]: **16:25** **Call for Samson, that he may make us laugh** (**L**: *Call for Samson, that he may make us laugh* | **S**: *Bring Samson out of the prison! Bring him here so he can entertain us!*) After drinking alcohol, and becoming happy, the Philistines asked that Samson be brought out to entertain them. The statement **call for Samson** means have the men in charge of the prison to bring Samson to them. The people wanted to further humiliate Samson for their enjoyment. Translate **Call for Samson, that he may make us laugh** to mean have Samson brought out to us by those in charge so that we may laugh at him.
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[^136]: **16:25** **Call for Samson, that he may make us laugh** (**L**: *Call for Samson, that he may make us laugh* | **S**: *Bring Samson out of the prison! Bring him here so he can entertain us!*) After drinking alcohol and becoming happy, the Philistines asked that Samson be brought out to entertain them. The statement **call for Samson** means to have the men in charge of the prison to bring Samson to them. The people wanted to humiliate Samson further for their enjoyment. Translate **Call for Samson, that he may make us laugh** to mean have Samson brought out to us by those in charge so that we may laugh at him.
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[^137]: **16:26** **Permit me to touch the pillars on which the building rests** (**L**: *Let me touch the columns, those which the building is situated upon them* | **S**: *Place my hands against the two pillars*) Samson asked the young boy who was holding his hand to lead him to the two columns holding up the building. The phrase **on which the building rests** mean which hold up the building. Samson hoped that Yahweh would grant him favor and help him one last time. Because God is a God who is merciful and forgives. Translate **Permit me to touch the pillars on which the building rests** to mean lead me to the pillars that hold up the building.
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[^137]: **16:26** **Permit me to touch the pillars on which the building rests** (**L**: *Let me touch the columns, those which the building is situated upon them* | **S**: *Place my hands against the two pillars*) Samson asked the young boy who was holding his hand to lead him to the two columns holding up the building. The phrase **on which the building rests** means which holds up the building. Samson hoped Yahweh would grant him favor and help him one last time. Because God is a God who is merciful and forgives. Translate **Permit me to touch the pillars on which the building rests** to mean lead me to the pillars that hold up the building.
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[^138]: **16:27** **All the rulers of the Philistines were there** (**L**: *situated there were all of the governors of the Philistines* | **S**: *the Philistine leaders were also there*) All of the important Philistine leaders were present. The scene was set for God to use Samson to have a significant victory over the Philistines. This was a part of Samson's calling. When we depend on God, and trust his plan for our life, he can use us to accomplish great things for his glory. Translate **All the rulers of the Philistines were there** to mean all of the Philistine governors were present.
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[^138]: **16:27** **All the rulers of the Philistines were there** (**L**: *situated there were all of the governors of the Philistines* | **S**: *the Philistine leaders were also there*). All of the important Philistine leaders were present. The scene was set for God to use Samson to have a significant victory over the Philistines. This was a part of Samson's calling. When we depend on God and trust his plan for our life, he can use us to accomplish great things for his glory. Translate **All the rulers of the Philistines were there** to mean all of the Philistine governors were present.
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[^139]: **16:27** **while Samson was entertaining them** (**L**: *while Samson was entertaining* | **S**: *watching Samson and making fun of him*) The people and rulers were making fun of Samson. The statement **was entertaining them** could either mean they were laughing at Samson's condition, or that they were making Samson do humiliating things for their amusement. Translate **while Samson was entertaining them** to mean they were watching Samson and making fun of him.
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[^139]: **16:27** **while Samson was entertaining them** (**L**: *while Samson was entertaining* | **S**: *watching Samson and making fun of him*) The people and rulers were making fun of Samson. The statement **was entertaining them** could either mean they were laughing at Samson's condition or making Samson do humiliating things for their amusement. Translate **while Samson was entertaining them** to mean they were watching Samson and making fun of him.
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28 Samson called to Yahweh and said, "Lord Yahweh, call me to mind![^ ] Please strengthen me only this once,[^ ] God, so that I may have revenge in one blow on the Philistines for taking my two eyes."[^ ] 29 Samson held on to the two middle pillars on which the building rested, and he leaned against them, one pillar with his right hand, and the other with his left. 30 Samson said, "Let me die with the Philistines!" He stretched out with his strength[^ ] and the building fell on the rulers and on all the people who were in it. So the dead that he killed when he died were more than those he killed during his life.[^ ] 31 Then his brothers and all the house of his father came down. They took him, brought him back and buried him between Zorah and Eshtaol in the burial place of Manoah, his father. Samson had judged Israel for twenty years.[^ ]
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[^ ]: **16:28** **Lord Yahweh, call me to mind!** (**L**: *My Lord Yahweh, remember me, please!* | **S**: *Lord Yahweh, think about me again!*) Samson called out to Yahweh and asked that he give attention to Samson situation. The phrase **call me to mind** means remember or think about me. Samson wanted Yahweh to consider his situation and provide help. God wants people to pray to him all the time, not just when they are in trouble. Translate **Lord Yahweh, call me to mind!** to mean Lord Yahweh, remember me!
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[^140 ]: **16:28** **Lord Yahweh, call me to mind!** (**L**: *My Lord Yahweh, remember me, please!* | **S**: *Lord Yahweh, think about me again!*) Samson called out to Yahweh and asked that he give attention to his situation. The phrase **call me to mind** means to remember or think about me. Samson wanted Yahweh to consider his situation and provide help. God wants people to always pray to him, not just when they are in trouble. Translate **Lord Yahweh, call me to mind!** to mean Lord Yahweh, remember me!
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[^ ]: **16:28** **Please strengthen me only this once** (**L**: *just this time* | **S**: *only this once more*) Samson asked Yahweh to give him extraordinary strength one last time. The phrase **only this once** means one more time. Samson planned to use his strength one more time to defeat his Philistine captors who were mocking him. **Translate **Please strengthen me only this once** to mean please give me back my strength one more time.
|
||||
[^141 ]: **16:28** **Please strengthen me only this once** (**L**: *just this time* | **S**: *only this once more*). Samson asked Yahweh to give him extraordinary strength one last time. The phrase **only this once** means one more time. Samson planned to use his strength one more time to defeat his Philistine captors who were mocking him. **Translate **Please strengthen me only this once** to mean please give me back my strength one more time.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **16:28** **so that I may have revenge in one blow on the Philistines for taking my two eyes** (**L**: *so that I may avenge myself by one act of vengeance on the Philistines because of my two eyes* | **S**: *so that I may get revenge on the Philistines for gouging out my eyes!”*) The reason Samson wanted his strength back was so that he can take revenge on the Philistines for gouging out his eyes. The phrase **in one blow** means in one last powerful act. The phrase **for taking my two eyes** means for blinding me. Although Samson calls out to Yahweh for help, his ultimate motive is revenge. His motives are selfish. He shows no concern for the honor of God. God wants his followers to put him first, not their own selfish desires and ambitions. Translate **so that I may have revenge in one blow on the Philistines for taking my two eyes** to mean so that I may have revenge by striking one decisive blow against the Philistines for destroying my eyes.
|
||||
[^142 ]: **16:28** **so that I may have revenge in one blow on the Philistines for taking my two eyes** (**L**: *so that I may avenge myself by one act of vengeance on the Philistines because of my two eyes* | **S**: *so that I may get revenge on the Philistines for gouging out my eyes!”*) The reason Samson wanted his strength back was so that he can take revenge on the Philistines for gouging out his eyes. The phrase **in one blow** means in one last powerful act. The phrase **for taking my two eyes** means for blinding me. Although Samson calls out to Yahweh for help, his ultimate motive is revenge. His motives are selfish. He shows no concern for the honor of God. God wants his followers to put him first, not their own selfish desires and ambitions. Translate **so that I may have revenge in one blow on the Philistines for taking my two eyes** to mean so that I may have revenge by striking one decisive blow against the Philistines for destroying my eyes.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **16:30** **He stretched out with his strength** (**L**: *He stretched out with his strength* | **S**: *He pushed with all his strength*) Using the strength that Yahweh gave him, Samson pushed with all his power against the pillars. The phrase **stretched out with his strength** means pushed with all his strength. Yahweh answered Samson's prayer, even though it came from a selfish motive. The defeat of the Philistines was part of Yahweh's plan. God will carry out his plans successfully despite our sin. God's agenda in the world cannot be stopped. Translate **He stretched out with his strength** to mean he pushed out against the pillars with his hands using all his strength.
|
||||
[^143 ]: **16:30** **He stretched out with his strength** (**L**: *He stretched out with his strength* | **S**: *He pushed with all his strength*). Using the strength that Yahweh gave him, Samson pushed with all his power against the pillars. The phrase **stretched out with his strength** means pushed with all his strength. Yahweh answered Samson's prayer, even though it came from a selfish motive. The defeat of the Philistines was part of Yahweh's plan. God will carry out his plans successfully despite our sin. God's agenda in the world cannot be stopped. Translate **He stretched out with his strength** to mean he pushed out against the pillars with his hands using all his strength.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **16:30** **the dead that he killed when he died were more than those he killed during his life** (**L**: *the ones who died that he killed at his death were more than those he killed during his life* | **S**: *Samson killed more people when he died than he had killed all during his life*) Samson killed more Philistines when he destroyed the building than all the Philistines he'd killed before. The phrase **the dead** refers to the people that died when Samson destroyed the building. It was God's plan for Samson to help liberate Israel from Philistine oppression. Despite Samson's constant disobedience, and disregard for his Nazirite vows, God's plan still prevailed in the end. Translate **the dead that he killed when he died were more than those he killed during his life** to mean the Philistines that he killed by destroying the building were more than those he killed during his life.
|
||||
[^144 ]: **16:30** **the dead that he killed when he died were more than those he killed during his life** (**L**: *the ones who died that he killed at his death were more than those he killed during his life* | **S**: *Samson killed more people when he died than he had killed all during his life*) Samson killed more Philistines when he destroyed the building than all the Philistines he'd killed before. The phrase **the dead** refers to the people that died when Samson destroyed the building. It was God's plan for Samson to help liberate Israel from Philistine oppression. Despite Samson's constant disobedience and disregard for his Nazirite vows, God's plan still prevailed in the end. Translate **the dead that he killed when he died were more than those he killed during his life** to mean the Philistines that he killed by destroying the building were more than those he killed during his life.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **16:31** **Samson had judged Israel for twenty years.** See note on 15:20.
|
||||
[^145 ]: **16:31** **Samson had judged Israel for twenty years.** See note on 15:20.
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- page break -->
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -425,18 +425,18 @@ God wants believers to encourage one another as we face spiritual opposition and
|
|||
#### Discuss the Passage
|
||||
After reading the passage, discuss what this passage says about sex. Use the following questions to guide your discussion as a community.
|
||||
|
||||
1. In this passage, what important action does God want believers to do? What does this passage teach us marriage and sex?
|
||||
2. What causes people to not respect marriage? How can believers disregard marriage?
|
||||
1. What important action does God want believers to take in this passage? What does this passage teach us about marriage and sex?
|
||||
2. What causes people not to respect marriage? How can believers disregard marriage?
|
||||
3. What happens to those who are sexually immoral?
|
||||
4. What are ways in which believers can prevent defiling the marriage bed?
|
||||
|
||||
#### Make a Commitment
|
||||
Think about the other Scripture passages you have studied. Write (or speak) a brief commitment you are willing to make that would help you not defile the marriage bed.
|
||||
Think about the other Scripture passages you have studied. Write (or speak) a brief commitment you will make to help you not defile the marriage bed.
|
||||
|
||||
> Ι commit to...
|
||||
|
||||
#### Pray to God
|
||||
After sharing the message, conclude this time together by praying for one another. Ask that God would use the upcoming study to give other members a clear understanding and purpose of sex.
|
||||
After sharing the message, conclude this time together by praying for one another. Ask God to use the upcoming study to give other members a clear understanding and purpose of sex.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Sing Praise to God
|
||||
Choose a song that speaks about hope and God's promises. Sing this song together as a community.
|
||||
|
|
@ -453,16 +453,16 @@ Answer the following observation questions to gain a basic understanding of the
|
|||
Why had Manoah’s wife not given birth?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
Manoah’s wife was not able to become pregnant and so she had not given birth.
|
||||
Manoah’s wife could not become pregnant, so she had not given birth.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Judges 13:5
|
||||
Why was no razor to come onto the child’s head?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
No razor was to come onto his head, for the child was to be a Nazirite to God.
|
||||
No razor was to come onto his head, for the child would be a Nazirite to God.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Judges 13:6
|
||||
Like what did the man of God look?
|
||||
What did the man of God look like?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
The man of God looked like an angel of God.
|
||||
|
|
@ -480,10 +480,10 @@ About what did Manoah ask the angel?
|
|||
Manoah asked the angel about the rules for the child and what his work would be.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Judges 13:16
|
||||
If Manoah prepared a burnt offering, to whom was he to offer it?
|
||||
If Manoah prepared a burnt offering, to whom would he offer it?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
If Manoah prepared a burnt offering, he was to offer it to Yahweh.
|
||||
If Manoah prepared a burnt offering, he would offer it to Yahweh.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Judges 13:19-20
|
||||
What marvelous thing did Yahweh do while Manoah and his wife were watching?
|
||||
|
|
@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ What would happen to Samson’s wife if she did not trick her husband and get th
|
|||
If Samson’s wife did not trick her husband and get the answer to the riddle, the thirty friends would burn up her and her father’s houses.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Judges 14:17
|
||||
For how long did Samson’s wife cry in order to get the answer to the riddle?
|
||||
How long did Samson’s wife cry to get the answer to the riddle?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
She cried during the seven days that their feast lasted.
|
||||
|
|
@ -543,19 +543,19 @@ She cried during the seven days that their feast lasted.
|
|||
How did Samson get thirty sets of clothing?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
Samson went down to Ashkelon and killed thirty men among those people and took their sets of clothing.
|
||||
Samson went down to Ashkelon, killed thirty men among those people, and took their clothing sets.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Judges 15:1
|
||||
When Samson went to visit his wife, why did her father not allow him to go in?
|
||||
When Samson visited his wife, why did her father not allow him to go in?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
The father thought Samson hated his wife, so the father gave her to Samson’s friend.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Judges 15:3-4
|
||||
How did Samson try to be innocent in regard to the Philistines when he hurt them?
|
||||
How did Samson try to be innocent regarding the Philistines when he hurt them?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
Samson tried to be innocent in regard to the Philistines when he hurt them by catching three hundred foxes, tying torches to them, and letting them go in the Philistines’ grain.
|
||||
Samson tried to be innocent regarding the Philistines when he hurt them by catching three hundred foxes, tying torches to them, and letting them go in the Philistines’ grain.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Judges 15:6
|
||||
When the Philistines were told that Samson burned their fields, what did they do?
|
||||
|
|
@ -564,16 +564,16 @@ When the Philistines were told that Samson burned their fields, what did they do
|
|||
When the Philistines were told that Samson burned their fields, they burned his wife and her father.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Judges 15:7-8
|
||||
Why did Samson cut the Philistines to pieces, hip and thigh, with a great slaughter?
|
||||
Why did Samson cut the Philistines to pieces, hip, and thigh, with a great slaughter?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
Samson cut the Philistines to pieces, hip and thigh, with a great slaughter to get revenge on them for killing his wife and her father.
|
||||
Samson cut the Philistines to pieces, hip, and thigh, with a great slaughter to get revenge on them for killing his wife and her father.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Judges 15:9-10
|
||||
Why did the Philistines come up to attack Judah?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
The Philistines came up to attack Judah so they could capture Samson, and so they could do to him as he did to them.
|
||||
The Philistines came up to attack Judah so they could capture Samson and do to him as he did to them.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Judges 15:12
|
||||
When the men of Judah came to tie Samson up, what did he make them swear?
|
||||
|
|
@ -609,13 +609,13 @@ The Gazites planned to kill Samson at daylight.
|
|||
How did Samson escape Gaza?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
Samson took hold of the city gate and its two posts, and he pulled them up out of the ground, bar and all.
|
||||
Samson took hold of the city gate and its two posts and pulled them up out of the ground, bar and all.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Judges 16:5
|
||||
If Delilah tricked Samson, what would the rulers of the Philistines give her?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
If Delilah tricked Samson, each of the rulers of the Philistines would give her 1,100 pieces of silver
|
||||
If Delilah tricked Samson, each of the rulers of the Philistines would give her 1,100 pieces of silver.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Judges 16:9
|
||||
When Delilah told Samson the Philistines were on him, what did he do to the bowstrings with which he was tied?
|
||||
|
|
@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ When Delilah told Samson the Philistines were on him, he broke the bowstrings.
|
|||
When Samson tore off the ropes from his arms, where were the men lying in wait?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
When Samson tore off the ropes from his arms, the men lying in wait were in the inner room.
|
||||
When Samson tore off the ropes from his arms, the men were lying in wait in the inner room.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Judges 16:16
|
||||
How much did Delilah pressure Samson?
|
||||
|
|
@ -654,10 +654,10 @@ What work did the Philistines make Samson do?
|
|||
The Philistines made Samson turn the millstone at the prison house.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Judges 16:23
|
||||
Why did the rulers of the Philistines gather together to offer a great sacrifice to Dagon their god?
|
||||
Why did the rulers of the Philistines gather together to offer a great sacrifice to Dagon, their god?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
The rulers of the Philistines gathered together to offer a great sacrifice to Dagon their god, for they said, "Our god has conquered Samson."
|
||||
The rulers of the Philistines gathered together to offer a great sacrifice to Dagon, their god, for they said, "Our god has conquered Samson."
|
||||
|
||||
#### Judges 16:26
|
||||
Who helped Samson touch the pillars on which the building rested?
|
||||
|
|
@ -669,13 +669,13 @@ The boy who held Samson’s hand helped Samson touch the pillars on which the bu
|
|||
Why did Samson want God to strengthen him?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
Samson wanted God to strengthen him so that he could have revenge in one blow on the Philistines for taking his two eyes.
|
||||
Samson wanted God to strengthen him so he could have revenge in one blow on the Philistines for taking his two eyes.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Judges 16:30
|
||||
Samson killed more than those he killed during his life.
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
Samson wanted God to strengthen him so that he could have revenge in one blow on the Philistines for taking his two eyes.
|
||||
Samson wanted God to strengthen him so he could have revenge in one blow on the Philistines for taking his two eyes.
|
||||
|
||||
### Translation Questions
|
||||
Use the following translation questions to understand specific details of the passage. Discuss how you might translate these specific elements of the text.
|
||||
|
|
@ -686,17 +686,17 @@ Use the following translation questions to understand specific details of the pa
|
|||
Use the following translation questions to understand specific details of the passage. Discuss how you might translate these specific elements of the text.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 13:1
|
||||
How would you translate **The people of Israel again did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh**? Does it mean the Israelites returned to their sinful practices which violated Yahweh's commandments?
|
||||
How would you translate **The people of Israel again did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh**? Does it mean the Israelites returned to their sinful practices, which violated Yahweh's commandments?
|
||||
|
||||
How would you translate **he gave them into the hand of the Philistines for forty years**? Does it mean Yahweh allowed the Philistines to defeat the Israelites and oppress them for forty years?
|
||||
How would you translate **he gave them into the hand of the Philistines for forty years**? Does it mean Yahweh allowed the Philistines to defeat and oppress the Israelites for forty years?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 13:3
|
||||
How would you translate **you will become pregnant and you will give birth to a son**? Does it mean you will son become pregnant and have a baby boy?
|
||||
How would you translate **you will become pregnant and you will give birth to a son**? Does it mean you will soon become pregnant and have a baby boy?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 13:4
|
||||
How would you translate **be careful not to drink wine or strong drink**? Does it mean do not drink wine or alcoholic beverages?
|
||||
|
||||
How would you translate **do not eat anything unclean**? Does it mean do not eat any ceremonially unclean food that the law forbids?
|
||||
How would you translate **do not eat anything unclean**? Does it mean not eating any ceremonially unclean food that the law forbids?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 13:5
|
||||
How would you translate **for the child will be a Nazirite to God from the womb**? Does it mean the baby will obey the Nazirite vow even while he's still in the womb?
|
||||
|
|
@ -713,18 +713,18 @@ How would you translate **God listened to the voice of Manoah**? Does it mean Go
|
|||
How would you translate **She must carefully do everything that I said to her**? Does it mean she must carefully observe all the instructions I gave her during our first encounter?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 13:16
|
||||
How would you translate **if you prepare a burnt offering, offer it to Yahweh**? Does it mean instead, you may kill an animal and sacrifice it as a burnt offering to Yahweh?
|
||||
How would you translate **if you prepare a burnt offering, offer it to Yahweh**? Does it mean you may kill an animal and sacrifice it as a burnt offering to Yahweh?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 13:18
|
||||
How would you translate **Why do you ask my name? It is wonderful!**? Does it mean you should not ask for my name; it is too marvelous for you to comprehend?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 13:19
|
||||
How would you translate **offered them on the rock to Yahweh**? Does it mean burned the animal and grain on the rock as a burnt offering to Yahweh?
|
||||
How would you translate **offered them on the rock to Yahweh**? Does it mean burning the animal and grain on the rock as a burnt offering to Yahweh?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 13:20
|
||||
How would you translate **the angel of Yahweh went up in the flame of the altar**? Does it mean the Angel of Yahweh rose back into heaven in the midst of the flames coming from the altar?
|
||||
|
||||
How would you translate **Manoah and his wife saw this and lay facedown on the ground**? Does it mean after seeing the angel ascend through the flame, Manoah and his wife lay facedown on the ground to show their respect and honor of Yahweh?
|
||||
How would you translate **Manoah and his wife saw this and lay facedown on the ground**? Does it mean after seeing the angel ascend through the flame, Manoah and his wife lay facedown on the ground to show their respect and honor for Yahweh?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 13:22
|
||||
How would you translate **We are sure to die, because we have seen God!**? Does it mean because we have seen Yahweh with our eyes, we will now surely die?
|
||||
|
|
@ -734,10 +734,10 @@ How would you translate **If Yahweh wanted to kill us, he would not have receive
|
|||
|
||||
How would you translate **He would not have shown us all these things**? Does it mean he would not have appeared to us and ascended to heaven through the fire before our eyes?
|
||||
|
||||
How would you translate **nor at this time would he have let us hear such things**? Does it mean nor at this time would he have told us all that he did about our son and his future work?
|
||||
How would you translate **nor at this time would he have let us hear such things**? Does it mean nor at this time, would he have told us all that he did about our son and his future work?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 13:24
|
||||
How would you translate **the child grew up and Yahweh blessed him**? Does it mean the child matured into a man and Yahweh blessed him as he grew up?
|
||||
How would you translate **the child grew up and Yahweh blessed him**? Does it mean the child matured into a man, and Yahweh blessed him as he grew up?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 13:25
|
||||
How would you translate **Yahweh's Spirit began to stir him**? Does it mean the Holy Spirit began to lead Samson to do certain things at certain times?
|
||||
|
|
@ -746,14 +746,14 @@ How would you translate **Yahweh's Spirit began to stir him**? Does it mean the
|
|||
How would you translate **there he saw a woman, one of the daughters of the Philistines**? Does it mean there he saw and was attracted to a Philistine woman?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 14:2
|
||||
How would you translate **get her for me to be my wife**? Does it mean make the arrangements for me to marry her?
|
||||
How would you translate **get her for me to be my wife**? Does it mean to make the arrangements for me to marry her?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 14:3
|
||||
How would you translate **Is there not a woman among the daughters of your relatives, or among all our people?**? Does it mean surely there are women among your people whom you could marry?
|
||||
How would you translate **Is there not a woman among the daughters of your relatives, or among all our people?**? Does it mean surely there are women you could marry among your people?
|
||||
|
||||
How would you translate **Are you going to take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines?**? Does it mean you really should not marry a Philistine woman because the Philistine people do not worship Yahweh?
|
||||
|
||||
How would you translate **Get her for me, for when I look at her, she pleases me**? Does it mean now arrange for her to be my wife?
|
||||
How would you translate **Get her for me, for when I look at her, she pleases me**? Does it mean to arrange for her to be my wife now?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 14:4
|
||||
How would you translate **his father and his mother did not know that this matter came from Yahweh, for he desired to create a conflict with the Philistines**? Does it mean his father and mother did not know Yahweh was using these events to create a conflict with the Philistines?
|
||||
|
|
@ -762,23 +762,23 @@ How would you translate **his father and his mother did not know that this matte
|
|||
How would you translate **Then Samson went down to Timnah with his father and his mother**? Does it mean then Samson went to Timnah with his father and mother?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 14:6
|
||||
How would you translate **Yahweh's Spirit suddenly came on him**? Does it mean suddenly, the Spirit of Yahweh began to strong influence Samson's thoughts and actions?
|
||||
How would you translate **Yahweh's Spirit suddenly came on him**? Does it mean the Spirit of Yahweh suddenly began to strongly influence Samson's thoughts and actions?
|
||||
|
||||
How would you translate **he tore the lion apart as easily as he would have torn apart a small goat**? Does it mean he ripped the lion into pieces using his bare hands, as if the lion were a small goat?
|
||||
How would you translate **he tore the lion apart as easily as he would have torn apart a small goat**? Does it mean he ripped the lion into pieces using his bare hands as if the lion were a small goat?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 14:7
|
||||
How would you translate **when he looked at her, she pleased Samson**? Does it mean when he saw her, he thought she was very beautiful?
|
||||
How would you translate **when he looked at her, she pleased Samson**? Does it mean he thought she was very beautiful when he saw her?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 14:9
|
||||
How would you translate **He scraped up the honey in his hands**? Does it mean he gathered up honey from inside the lion's dead body using his hands?
|
||||
|
||||
How would you translate **he did not tell them he had taken the honey out of what was left of the lion's body**? Does it mean he did not inform his parents that the honey had come out of the lion's corpse?
|
||||
How would you translate **he did not tell them he had taken the honey out of what was left of the lion's body**? Does it mean he did not inform his parents that the honey had come from the lion's corpse?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 14:10
|
||||
How would you translate **for this was the custom of the young men**? Does it mean this was the customary feast of young men who were about to be married?
|
||||
How would you translate **for this was the custom of the young men**? Does it mean this was the customary feast of young men about to be married?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 14:12
|
||||
How would you translate **Let me now tell you a riddle**? Does it mean let me give you a difficult question and let's see if you can answer it?
|
||||
How would you translate **Let me now tell you a riddle**? Does it mean let me ask you a difficult question and see if you can answer it?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 14:14
|
||||
How would you translate **Out of the eater was something to eat; out of the strong was something sweet**? Does it mean out of the eater came something to eat; out of the strong came something sweet?
|
||||
|
|
@ -789,17 +789,17 @@ How would you translate **we will burn up you and your father's house**? Does it
|
|||
#### 14:16
|
||||
How would you translate **Samson's wife started to weep in front of him**? Does it mean Samson's wife began to cry in front of him?
|
||||
|
||||
How would you translate **if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you?**? Does it mean you should not demand that I tell you, since I have not even told my parents, and they are closer to me than you are?
|
||||
How would you translate **if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you?**? Does it mean you should not demand that I tell you since I have not even told my parents, and they are closer to me than you are?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 14:17
|
||||
How would you translate **She cried during the seven days that their feast lasted**? Does it mean she continued to weep during the rest of the seven days of their feast?
|
||||
|
||||
How would you translate **She told the answer to the relatives of her people**? Does it mean she gave the answer to the riddle to her countrymen?
|
||||
How would you translate **She told the answer to the relatives of her people**? Does it mean she answered the riddle to her countrymen?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 14:18
|
||||
How would you translate **What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion?**? Does it mean nothing is sweeter than honey; nothing is stronger than a lion; this is the answer to your riddle?
|
||||
|
||||
How would you translate **If you had not plowed with my heifer, you would not have found the answer to my riddle**? Does it mean if you had not used and manipulated my wife, you would have not discovered the answer to my riddle?
|
||||
How would you translate **If you had not plowed with my heifer, you would not have found the answer to my riddle**? Does it mean you would have not discovered the answer to my riddle if you had not used and manipulated my wife?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 15:1
|
||||
How would you translate **I will go to my wife's room**? Does it mean I will go to my wife's room and sleep with her?
|
||||
|
|
@ -810,15 +810,15 @@ How would you translate **so I gave her to your friend**? Does it mean so I gave
|
|||
How would you translate **Her younger sister is more beautiful than she is, is she not?**? Does it mean her younger sister is more beautiful than she is?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 15:3
|
||||
How would you translate **This time I will be innocent in regard to the Philistines when I hurt them**? Does it mean when I take my revenge on the Philistines, it will be just?
|
||||
How would you translate **This time I will be innocent in regard to the Philistines when I hurt them**? Does it mean it will be just when I take my revenge on the Philistines?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 15:4
|
||||
How would you translate **he took torches and tied them in the middle of each pair of tails**? Does it mean Samson attached a torch to each pair of tails that he had tied together?
|
||||
How would you translate **he took torches and tied them in the middle of each pair of tails**? Does it mean Samson attached a torch to each pair of tails he had tied together?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 15:5
|
||||
How would you translate **he let the foxes go into the standing grain of the Philistines**? Does it mean Samson released the foxes into the grain that was still growing on its stalk in the field?
|
||||
How would you translate **he let the foxes go into the standing grain of the Philistines**? Does it mean Samson released the foxes into the grain still growing on its stalk in the field?
|
||||
|
||||
How would you translate **they set fire to both the stacked grain and the grain standing in the field along with the vineyards and the olive orchards**? Does it mean the torches attached to the foxes started a fire which burn the stacked grain, standing grain, the vineyards, and the olive orchids?
|
||||
How would you translate **they set fire to both the stacked grain and the grain standing in the field along with the vineyards and the olive orchards**? Does it mean the torches attached to the foxes started a fire that burned the stacked grain, standing grain, the vineyards, and the olive orchids?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 15:6
|
||||
How would you translate **the Philistines went and burned up her and her father**? Does it mean the Philistines traveled to Timnah and burned the Timnite and his daughter to death?
|
||||
|
|
@ -830,23 +830,23 @@ How would you translate **If this is what you do, I will get my revenge against
|
|||
How would you translate **he cut them to pieces, hip and thigh, with a great slaughter**? Does it mean he slaughtered them by thoroughly slicing them up?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 15:10
|
||||
How would you translate **Why have you come up to attack us?**? Does it mean what have we done to make you come attack us?
|
||||
How would you translate **Why have you come up to attack us?**? Does it mean, what have we done to make you come and attack us?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 15:11
|
||||
How would you translate **Do you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us?**? Does it mean You know that the Philistines are rulers over us but you act like they are not?
|
||||
How would you translate **Do you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us?**? Does it mean You know that the Philistines are rulers over us, but you act like they are not?
|
||||
|
||||
How would you translate **They did to me, and so I have done to them**? Does it mean I got revenge on them for what they did to me?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 15:12
|
||||
How would you translate **give you into the hands of the Philistines**? Does it mean hand you over to Philistine control so they can do with you as they please?
|
||||
How would you translate **give you into the hands of the Philistines**? Does it mean handing you over to Philistine control so they can do with you as they please?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 15:13
|
||||
How would you translate **we will only tie you with ropes and hand you over to them**? Does it mean we will only bind you with ropes and put you in the hands of the Philistines3
|
||||
How would you translate **we will only tie you with ropes and hand you over to them**? Does it mean we will only bind you with ropes and put you in the hands of the Philistines?
|
||||
|
||||
14 When he came to Lehi, the Philistines came shouting as they met him?
|
||||
When he came to Lehi, the Philistines shouted as they met him.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 15:14
|
||||
How would you translate **The ropes on his arms became like burnt flax**? Does it mean the ropes became weak like flax that has been burned by fire?
|
||||
How would you translate **The ropes on his arms became like burnt flax**? Does it mean the ropes became weak like flax burned by fire?
|
||||
|
||||
How would you translate **Samson found a fresh jawbone of a donkey**? Does it mean Samson found a jawbone from a recently deceased donkey?
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -872,13 +872,13 @@ How would you translate **God split open the hollow place that is at Lehi and wa
|
|||
How would you translate **he called the name of that place En Hakkore**? Does it mean Samson named the place the spring of the one who called out?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 15:20
|
||||
How would you translate **Samson judged Israel in the days of the Philistines for twenty years**? Does it mean Samson was the leader and judge over Israel during the time the Philistines controlled Israel?
|
||||
How would you translate **Samson judged Israel in the days of the Philistines for twenty years**? Does it mean Samson was the leader and judge over Israel when the Philistines controlled Israel?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 16:1
|
||||
How would you translate **saw a prostitute there and went to bed with her**? Does it mean saw a prostitute there and had sex with her?
|
||||
How would you translate **saw a prostitute there and went to bed with her**? Does it mean he saw a prostitute there and had sex with her?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 16:2
|
||||
How would you translate **Let us wait until daylight, and then let us kill him**? Does it mean let us wait until the sun is up and then we will kill him?
|
||||
How would you translate **Let us wait until daylight, and then let us kill him**? Does it mean let us wait until the sun is up, and then we will kill him?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 16:3
|
||||
How would you translate **carried them up to the top of the hill, in front of Hebron**? Does it mean carried the city gate, with its bar and posts, up to the top of the hill in front of Hebron?
|
||||
|
|
@ -887,7 +887,7 @@ How would you translate **carried them up to the top of the hill, in front of He
|
|||
How would you translate **Samson came to love a woman who lived in the Valley of Sorek**? Does it mean Samson fell in love with a woman living in the Valley of Sorek?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 16:5
|
||||
How would you translate **Trick Samson to see where his great strength lies**? Does it mean mislead Samson into telling you the secret of his strength?
|
||||
How would you translate **Trick Samson to see where his great strength lies**? Does it mean misleading Samson into telling you the secret of his strength?
|
||||
|
||||
How would you translate **by what means we may overpower him**? Does it mean how we might capture him?
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ How would you translate **he broke the bowstrings like a thread of yarn when it
|
|||
How would you translate **This is how you have deceived me and told me lies**? Does it mean You have tricked me and lied to me?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 16:11
|
||||
How would you translate **If they tie me up with new ropes which have never been used for work**? Does it mean if they tie me up with new ropes which are unused?
|
||||
How would you translate **If they tie me up with new ropes which have never been used for work**? Does it mean if they tie me up with unused new ropes?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 16:12
|
||||
How would you translate **The men lying in wait were in the inner room**? Does it mean The Philistine men were hiding in her room and waiting for the right moment to attack?
|
||||
|
|
@ -921,22 +921,22 @@ How would you translate **If you weave seven locks of my hair into a fabric on a
|
|||
How would you translate **I will be like any other man**? Does it mean I will be as weak as any other man?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 16:14
|
||||
How would you translate **he pulled out the fabric and the pin from the loom**? Does it mean he pulled away his hair, taking with it the pin of the loom and the fabric in the loom?
|
||||
How would you translate **he pulled out the fabric and the pin from the loom**? Does it mean he pulled away his hair, taking the pin of the loom and the fabric in it?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 16:15
|
||||
How would you translate **How can you say, 'I love you,' when you do not share your secrets with me?**? Does it mean When you say 'I love you,' you are lying because you do not share your secrets with me?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 16:16
|
||||
How would you translate **Every day she pressed him hard with her words**? Does it mean she tried hard to persuade him to tell her his secret everyday?
|
||||
How would you translate **Every day she pressed him hard with her words**? Does it mean she tried hard to persuade him to tell her his secret every day?
|
||||
|
||||
How would you translate **she pressured him so much that he wished he would die**? Does it mean she pressured him so relentlessly that he was completely miserable?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 16:17
|
||||
How would you translate **I have never had a razor cut the hair on my head**? Does it mean no one has ever cut my hair using a razor?
|
||||
|
||||
How would you translate **I have been a Nazirite for God from my mother's womb**? Does it mean I have been a Nazirite for God since I was born?
|
||||
How would you translate **I have been a Nazirite for God from my mother's womb**? Does it mean I have been a Nazirite for God since birth?
|
||||
|
||||
How would you translate **If my head is shaved, then my strength will leave me**? Does it mean if my hair was completely shaved off, I would no longer have my strength?
|
||||
How would you translate **If my head is shaved, then my strength will leave me**? Does it mean I would no longer have my strength if my hair was completely shaved off?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 16:18
|
||||
How would you translate **he had told her the truth about everything**? Does it mean he had told her the truth about the source of his strength?
|
||||
|
|
@ -948,7 +948,7 @@ How would you translate **She had him fall asleep in her lap**? Does it mean she
|
|||
|
||||
How would you translate **She called for a man to shave off the seven locks of his head**? Does it mean she called for one of the Philistine men to shave off the seven bunches of hair on Samson's head?
|
||||
|
||||
How would you translate **she began to subdue him, for his strength had left him**? Does it mean she began to help capture him, because he was no longer strong?
|
||||
How would you translate **she began to subdue him, for his strength had left him**? Does it mean she began to help capture him because he was no longer strong?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 16:20
|
||||
How would you translate **he did not know that Yahweh had left him**? Does it mean But he did not know that Yahweh had left him and that he would not be strong enough to defeat the Philistines?
|
||||
|
|
@ -962,18 +962,18 @@ How would you translate **He turned the millstone at the prison house**? Does it
|
|||
How would you translate **the hair on his head began to grow again after it had been shaved**? Does it mean the hair on his head began to grow back after the Philistines had shaved it?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 16:23
|
||||
How would you translate **to offer a great sacrifice to Dagon their god and to rejoice**? Does it mean to offer a great sacrifice to their god Dagon, and to rejoice for the victory he gave them over Samson?
|
||||
How would you translate **to offer a great sacrifice to Dagon their god and to rejoice**? Does it mean to offer a great sacrifice to their god Dagon and to rejoice for the victory he gave them over Samson?
|
||||
|
||||
How would you translate **put him in our grasp**? Does it mean put him under our control?
|
||||
How would you translate **put him in our grasp**? Does it mean putting him under our control?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 16:24
|
||||
How would you translate **the destroyer of our country, who killed many of us**? Does it mean the man who has destroyed our country, who killed many Philistines?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 16:25
|
||||
How would you translate **Call for Samson, that he may make us laugh**? Does it mean have Samson brought out to us by those in charge so that we may laugh at him?
|
||||
How would you translate **Call for Samson, that he may make us laugh**? Does it mean having Samson brought out to us by those in charge so we may laugh at him?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 16:26
|
||||
How would you translate **Permit me to touch the pillars on which the building rests**? Does it mean lead me to the pillars that hold up the building?
|
||||
How would you translate **Permit me to touch the pillars on which the building rests**? Does it mean to lead me to the pillars that hold up the building?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 16:27
|
||||
How would you translate **All the rulers of the Philistines were there**? Does it mean all of the Philistine governors were present?
|
||||
|
|
@ -981,12 +981,12 @@ How would you translate **All the rulers of the Philistines were there**? Does i
|
|||
How would you translate **while Samson was entertaining them**? Does it mean they were watching Samson and making fun of him?
|
||||
|
||||
### Grammar and Translation Training: Euphemism
|
||||
*Use the following exercise to learn about a specific grammar issue and its importance to understand the meaning of a text. This exercise will also help you develop skills to translate this issue accurately and naturally in your own language. If you need additional help on this translation topic, please reference [translationAcademy](https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/v24/03-translate.html#figs-euphemism).*
|
||||
*Use the following exercise to learn about a specific grammar issue and its importance in understanding the meaning of a text. This exercise will also help you develop skills to translate this issue accurately and naturally in your own language. If you need additional help on this translation topic, please reference [translationAcademy](https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/v24/03-translate.html#figs-euphemism).*
|
||||
|
||||
#### Explanation of Translation Issue
|
||||
*Read (or listen) to the explanation of the translation issue. As a community, discuss your understanding of this translation issue and its importance for translating the text.*
|
||||
|
||||
A euphemism is a mild or polite way of referring to something that is unpleasant, embarrassing, or socially unacceptable, such as death or activities usually done in private. Euphemisms can be useful for making difficult or uncomfortable conversations more manageable, but they can also be used to obscure the truth or to avoid dealing with difficult issues directly.
|
||||
A euphemism is a mild or polite way of referring to something unpleasant, embarrassing, or socially unacceptable, such as death or activities usually done in private. Euphemisms can help make difficult or uncomfortable conversations more manageable, but they can also obscure the truth or avoid dealing with difficult issues directly.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Examples in Biblical Passages
|
||||
*Read (or listen) to the passages below. Use the explanation above to complete the following activity.*
|
||||
|
|
@ -1010,15 +1010,15 @@ Review the explanation of euphemism above. Identify the euphemisms within each p
|
|||
> 13 We do not want you to be uninformed, brothers, about those who sleep, so that you do not grieve like the rest who do not have hope.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Discovery of Your Own Language
|
||||
*Now that you understand the basics of this language issue, discuss if your language works in this specific way. Then, talk about different ways
|
||||
*Now that you understand the basics of this language issue, discuss if your language works in this specific way. Then, talk about different ways.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Does your language use euphemisms to refer to something that is unpleasant, embarrassing, or socially unacceptable? *Discuss if people in your language can use euphemisms in a natural way.*
|
||||
2. How can you use your language to communicate in a similar way? *Discuss how speakers in your language can use words to explain things that are unpleasant, embarrassing, or socially unacceptable.*
|
||||
1. Does your language use euphemisms to refer to something unpleasant, embarrassing, or socially unacceptable? *Discuss if people in your language can use euphemisms in a natural way.*
|
||||
2. How can you use your language to communicate in a similar way? *Discuss how speakers in your language can use words to explain unpleasant, embarrassing, or socially unacceptable things.*
|
||||
|
||||
#### Connecting Language and Theology
|
||||
*The study of language helps us understand theology. As a community, complete the following exercise to understand how this particular language concept teaches us more about the Christian faith.*
|
||||
|
||||
Read the following passage. This passage records what the men of Sodom did when the angels, who looked like men, entered the city to rescue Lot and his family. Identify the euphemisms in the passage. Discuss what the euphemisms refer to that is unpleasant, embarrassing, or socially unacceptable. Explore what this passage teaches about God's plan to consecrate sex, or what happens when that plan is not followed.
|
||||
Read the following passage. This passage records what the men of Sodom did when the angels, who looked like men, entered the city to rescue Lot and his family. Identify the euphemisms in the passage. Discuss what euphemisms refer to that is unpleasant, embarrassing, or socially unacceptable. Explore what this passage teaches about God's plan to consecrate sex or what happens when that plan is not followed.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Genesis 19:1–11
|
||||
1 The two angels came to Sodom in the evening, while Lot was sitting at the gate of Sodom. Lot saw them, arose to meet them, and bowed down with his face to the ground. 2 He said, "Please my masters, I urge you to turn aside into your servant's house, stay for the night, and wash your feet. Then you can rise up early and go on your way." They replied, "No, we will spend the night in the town square." 3 But he urged them strongly, so they went with him, and entered into his house. He prepared a meal and baked unleavened bread, and they ate. 4 But before they lay down, the men of the city, the men of Sodom, surrounded the house, both young and old, all the men from every part of the city. 5 They called to Lot, and said to him, "Where are the men that came in to you tonight? Bring them out to us, that we may sleep with them." 6 So Lot went out the door to them and shut the door after himself. 7 He said, "I beg you, my brothers, do not act so wickedly. 8 Look, I have two daughters who have not slept with any man. Let me, I beg you, bring them out to you, and you do to them whatever is good in your eyes. Only do nothing to these men, because they have come under the shadow of my roof." 9 They said, "Stand back!" They also said, "This one came here to live as a foreigner, and now he has become our judge! Now we will deal worse with you than with them." They pressed hard against the man, against Lot, and came near to break down the door. 10 But the men reached out their hands and brought Lot into the house with them and shut the door. 11 Then Lot's visitors struck with blindness the men who were outside the door of the house, both young and old, so that they became exhausted when they were trying to find the door.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ Read the following passage. This passage records what the men of Sodom did when
|
|||
#### Translation Suggestions
|
||||
*The following list provides some translation suggestions. Read (or listen) to these suggestions and discuss how your community will address this translation issue in your own language.*
|
||||
|
||||
Different languages use different euphemisms. If the target language does not use the same euphemism as in the source language, readers may not understand what it means and they may think that the writer means only what the words literally say. Here are some translation suggestions:
|
||||
Different languages use different euphemisms. If the target language does not use the same euphemism as in the source language, readers may not understand what it means and think that the writer means only what the words literally say. Here are some translation suggestions:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Use a euphemism from your own culture.
|
||||
2. State the information plainly without a euphemism if it would not be offensive.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1042,17 +1042,17 @@ An euphemism is...
|
|||
These are some ways that we will translate euphemisms in our own language...
|
||||
|
||||
#### Application to the Biblical Text
|
||||
*Now that you better understand this language concept, apply what you learned to the biblical text.*
|
||||
*Now that you understand this language concept better, apply what you learned to the biblical text.*
|
||||
|
||||
In Judges 13:1-16:31 there are several euphemisms describing sex. Cultures often use euphemisms to describe sex because it can be uncomfortable to discuss. This discretion is partly because of the unique role that sex serves. God wants to concrete sex according to his design. Discuss how the euphemisms in Judges 13:1-16:31 are functioning. Explore their contribution to the passage's meaning. Apply the principles in this training to clearly, accurately, and naturally translate the euphemisms in Judges 13:1-16:31.
|
||||
In Judges 13:1-16:31, there are several euphemisms describing sex. Cultures often use euphemisms to describe sex because discussing it can be uncomfortable. This discretion is partly because of the unique role that sex serves. God wants to concrete sex according to his design. Discuss how the euphemisms in Judges 13:1-16:31 are functioning. Explore their contribution to the passage's meaning. Apply the principles in this training to clearly, accurately, and naturally translate the euphemisms in Judges 13:1-16:31.
|
||||
|
||||
### Storycraft
|
||||
Retell this story in your own words (i.e., orally, dramatization, or written/crafted story). Try to tell the story in a way that is accurate (true to the Bible), natural (words that common people would use), and reproducible (memorable for someone listening to repeat it on their own). After crafting this story, retell it in your family, your church community, or to some other person God has placed in your life.
|
||||
Retell this story in your own words (i.e., orally, dramatization, or written/crafted story). Try to tell the story in an accurate way (true to the Bible), natural (words that common people would use), and reproducible (memorable for someone listening to repeat it on their own). After crafting this story, retell it in your family, your church community, or to some other person God has placed in your life.
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- page break -->
|
||||
|
||||
## Theological Dialogue: Discussing the Meaning of the Story
|
||||
*Take time to explore the meaning of the text together as a community. Use the following discussions as a way to grasp what truth the biblical passage teaches.*
|
||||
*Take time to explore the meaning of the text together as a community. Use the following discussions to grasp what truth the biblical passage teaches.*
|
||||
|
||||
### Discourse Questions
|
||||
Use the following discourse questions to understand the meaning of the text. Pay attention to how the biblical passage itself addresses each question or theme.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1062,7 +1062,7 @@ Use the following discourse questions to understand the meaning of the text. Pay
|
|||
3. What were some of the consequences of the breakup of this marriage? Judges 15:1-20
|
||||
4. Why is Samson’s relationship with the prostitute outside of God’s design for sex? Judges 16:1-3
|
||||
5. In what ways was Samson’s relationship with Delilah dysfunctional? Judges 16:4-22
|
||||
6. How did Samson respond to God and how did God use Samson in light of his sin? Judges 16:23-31
|
||||
6. How did Samson respond to God, and how did God use Samson in light of his sin? Judges 16:23-31
|
||||
|
||||
### Theological Questions
|
||||
Answer the following theology questions as a community. Discuss what truths this biblical passage teaches.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1071,14 +1071,14 @@ Answer the following theology questions as a community. Discuss what truths this
|
|||
2. **Cultural Understanding**: How does our culture view sexual pleasure and human sexuality? How did Samson succumb to the sexual mores of his cultural setting?
|
||||
3. **Consequences of Sexual Sin**: What are the consequences of sexual experience outside of God’s intended design? How was Samson’s life affected and enslaved by his sexual sin?
|
||||
4. **Sexual Freedom**: In what ways does the gospel give us hope in light of past sexual sin?
|
||||
5. **Sexual Purity**: What does it mean to be godly in our sexuality? How can sexual faithfulness according to God’s plan in marriage maximize sexual enjoyment? What does it look like to be sexually faithful for those who are not married? Could you find any evidence for this in this passage or in your life experience?
|
||||
5. **Sexual Purity**: What does it mean to be godly in our sexuality? How can sexual faithfulness, according to God’s plan in marriage, maximize sexual enjoyment? What does it look like to be sexually faithful to those who are not married? Could you find evidence for this in this passage or your life experience?
|
||||
|
||||
![[EJ-Movement-2-Drafting]]
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- page break -->
|
||||
|
||||
## Personal Reflection: Following the Teaching of the Story
|
||||
*Take a moment to allow this text to evaluate your own life and to consider how God would have you respond. After this reflection, use the quality checking questions to check your translation draft among the translation team.*
|
||||
*Take a moment to allow this text to evaluate your life and consider how God would have you respond. After this reflection, use the quality-checking questions to check your translation draft among the translation team.*
|
||||
|
||||
### Journal Reflection
|
||||
Prayerfully think about the following personal reflection questions. Write/Record your answers and/or discuss them as a group.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -8,30 +8,30 @@ scripture: 1 Kings 21:1–29; 2 Kings 9:1–37
|
|||
# 1 Kings 21:1–29; 2 Kings 9:1–37
|
||||
|
||||
### Passage Preview
|
||||
The narrative of Naboth's vineyard in 1 Kings 21:1–29 and 2 Kings 9:1–37 teaches us about the painful consequences of theft. This passage records Ahab's covetous desire and greed to own Naboth's vineyard (1 Kings 21:1–7), Jezebel's abuse of power to commit murder and theft (1 Kings 21:8–16), God's condemnation and confrontation of Ahab's and Jezebel's sin (1 Kings 21:17–26), Ahab's repentance of his sin (1 Kings 21:27–29), and God's just judgment of Ahab's family for his murder and theft. In this biblical passage, Christians are warned about the dangerous consequences of greed, coveting, theft, murder, exploitation, and deceit. Through these warnings, this passage teaches Christians about a right way to view and steward possessions. God wants Christinas to live with a spirit of contentment, gratitude, repentance, and an honorable use of authority to protect others and their possessions.
|
||||
The narrative of Naboth's vineyard in 1 Kings 21:1–29 and 2 Kings 9:1–37 teaches us about the painful consequences of theft. This passage records Ahab's covetous desire and greed to own Naboth's vineyard (1 Kings 21:1–7), Jezebel's abuse of power to commit murder and theft (1 Kings 21:8–16), God's condemnation and confrontation of Ahab's and Jezebel's sin (1 Kings 21:17–26), Ahab's repentance of his sin (1 Kings 21:27–29), and God's just judgment of Ahab's family for his murder and theft. This biblical passage warns Christians about the dangerous consequences of greed, coveting, theft, murder, exploitation, and deceit. Through these warnings, this passage teaches Christians the right way to view and steward possessions. God wants Christians to live with a spirit of contentment, gratitude, repentance, and honorable use of authority to protect others and their possessions.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Idea**: The narrative of Naboth's vineyard teaches that theft usually results in other sins as it ruins relationships with other people and warrants God's judgment.
|
||||
|
||||
### Core Objectives
|
||||
In the following session you will...
|
||||
In the following session, you will...
|
||||
|
||||
- **establish** faithful obedience in our power and possessions
|
||||
- **compose** a translation of 1 Kings 21:1–29 and 2 Kings 9:1–37 that is clear, accurate, natural, and church approved
|
||||
- **mature** in Christian life of faith through the practice of contentment
|
||||
- **mature** in the Christian life of faith through the practice of contentment
|
||||
- **develop** basic ministry skills with believers and unbelievers as you check your translation
|
||||
|
||||
### Narrative Summary
|
||||
Ahab was a rich and powerful king. He and his wife Jezebel, however, were evil in their deeds. Naboth owned a vineyard next to the king’s palace. Ahab, the king, desperately wanted Naboth’s vineyard. He asked Naboth for the vineyard, telling him that he would give him another vineyard or a fair price in exchange for it. Naboth refused the king’s offer, saying that the field was a family inheritance. Ahab went back into his house frustrated and sad because he could not have the vineyard. He was so sad that he laid in bed and would eat no food. His wife, Jezebel, asked him why he was so sad. When Ahab told her, she said that the king had the right to have what he wished. She told Ahab to be happy, she would get the field for him.
|
||||
Ahab was a rich and powerful king. He and his wife Jezebel, however, were evil in their deeds. Naboth owned a vineyard next to the king’s palace. Ahab, the king, desperately wanted Naboth’s vineyard. He asked Naboth for the vineyard, telling him that he would give him another vineyard or a fair price in exchange for it. Naboth refused the king’s offer, saying the field was a family inheritance. Ahab returned to his house frustrated and sad because he could not have the vineyard. He was so sad that he laid in bed and would eat no food. His wife, Jezebel, asked him why he was so sad. When Ahab told her, she said the king had the right to have what he wished. She told Ahab to be happy; she would get the field for him.
|
||||
|
||||
So, Jezebel devised a wicked plot. Jezebel wrote letters under Ahab’s name and called for a fast among the people. She instructed that Naboth be set in front of everybody. Two worthless men were set up across from him and falsely accused him of cursing God and the king. The people brought Naboth out and stoned him. When Jezebel heard that Naboth was dead, she told Ahab to go and take possession of the vineyard. God’s Word came to the prophet Elijah. He was told to go to Naboth’s vineyard to confront Ahab for his heinous crime, bringing him a message of judgment. When Ahab was confronted by Elijah, Ahab called Elijah his enemy. Elijah told Ahab that he had sold himself to evil and when anyone connected to Ahab died, the dogs would lick their blood. There was no one more evil than Ahab. But when Ahab heard Elijah’s message of judgment, he tore his clothes, put on sackcloth, fasted, and lay down in grief. Because of Ahab’s repentance, God would not bring this judgment on Ahab, but on his family.
|
||||
So, Jezebel devised a wicked plot. Jezebel wrote letters under Ahab’s name and called for a fast among the people. She instructed that Naboth be set up in front of everybody. Two worthless men were set up across from him and falsely accused him of cursing God and the king. The people brought Naboth out and stoned him. When Jezebel heard that Naboth was dead, she told Ahab to go and take possession of the vineyard. God’s Word came to the prophet Elijah. He was told to go to Naboth’s vineyard to confront Ahab for his heinous crime, bringing him a message of judgment. When Elijah confronted Ahab, Ahab called Elijah his enemy. Elijah told Ahab that he had sold himself to evil, and when anyone connected to Ahab died, the dogs would lick their blood. There was no one more evil than Ahab. But when Ahab heard Elijah’s message of judgment, he tore his clothes, put on sackcloth, fasted, and lay down in grief. Because of Ahab’s repentance, God would not bring this judgment on Ahab but on his family.
|
||||
|
||||
Some time later, Jehu was the new king of Israel. Joram, one of Ahab’s sons, was injured in battle and returned to Jezreel to heal. Eventually, Jehu came to Jezreel and shot Joram through his heart with an arrow. He died on the very ground that belonged to Naboth. Back in Jezreel, Jezebel put on makeup and a headdress and looked out of the window. Jehu told some eunuchs to throw Jezebel out of the window. She fell to her death, her blood splattered, and the horses trampled her. When they went to get the body for burial, all that was left was her skull, her feet, and the palms of her hands. No one could even recognize her body; it was like dung on the field.
|
||||
Sometime later, Jehu was the new king of Israel. Joram, one of Ahab’s sons, was injured in battle and returned to Jezreel to heal. Eventually, Jehu came to Jezreel and shot Joram through his heart with an arrow. He died on the very ground that belonged to Naboth. Back in Jezreel, Jezebel put on makeup and a headdress and looked out the window. Jehu told some eunuchs to throw Jezebel out of the window. She fell to her death, her blood splattered, and the horses trampled her. When they went to get the body for burial, all that was left was her skull, feet, and the palms of her hands. No one could recognize her body; it was like dung on the field.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### General Book Introduction
|
||||
The books of 1 and 2 Kings are about what happened to the people of Israel, from the time of King Solomon to the time both the northern and southern kingdoms were destroyed. These books describe how Israel split into two kingdoms after Solomon died. It also tells about all the kings that ruled over each kingdom after Solomon died. In the southern kingdom, some kings did what Yahweh judged to be right. For example, King Josiah repaired the temple and reformed the worship of Yahweh. He responded to the high priest finding a copy of the Law of Yahweh in Jerusalem (2 Kings 22–23). However, all of the kings of the northern kingdom were wicked. The Assyrians destroyed the northern kingdom in 722 B.C. The Babylonians destroyed the southern kingdom in 586 B.C.
|
||||
The books of 1 and 2 Kings are about what happened to the people of Israel from the time of King Solomon to the time both the northern and southern kingdoms were destroyed. These books describe how Israel split into two kingdoms after Solomon died. It also tells about all the kings that ruled over each kingdom after Solomon died. In the southern kingdom, some kings did what Yahweh judged to be right. For example, King Josiah repaired the temple and reformed the worship of Yahweh. He responded to the high priest finding a copy of the Law of Yahweh in Jerusalem (2 Kings 22–23). However, all of the kings of the northern kingdom were wicked. The Assyrians destroyed the northern kingdom in 722 B.C. The Babylonians destroyed the southern kingdom in 586 B.C.
|
||||
|
||||
At the brink of King David’s death, First and Second Kings chronicles the reign of the kings of Israel from Solomon to the divided kingdom (1 Kings 12:1-2 Kings 16:20) up to Israel’s exile from the land (2 Kings 17:1-41; 24:1-25:30). It was also a time when the prophets Elijah (1 Kings 17:1-21:29), Elisha (2 Kings 1:1-8:15), and Isaiah (2 Kings 19:1-20:21) flourished. Although Solomon was used by God in many ways, “his heart was not wholly true to the Lord his God” (1 Kings 11:4). After him, few kings such as Hezekiah (2 Kings 18:1- 20:13) and Josiah (2 Kings 22:1-23:30) followed after God’s heart and even led reforms in Israel, but most of the kings lived and ruled in wicked ways and “did what was evil in the sight of the Lord” (1 Kings 11:6; 15:26, 34; 16:25; 22:52; 2 Kings 3:2; 8:18, 27; 13:2, 11; 14:24; 15:9, 18, 24; 17:2; 21:2, 16, 20; 23:32, 37; 24:9). The story highlights the consequences of not following God’s ways and serves to show how Israel was removed from the land. Moreover, it emphasizes God’s timeless faithfulness to His people despite their faithlessness. Amid an evil and idolatrous culture, God is the only True King!
|
||||
At the brink of King David’s death, First and Second Kings chronicles the reign of the kings of Israel from Solomon to the divided kingdom (1 Kings 12:1-2 Kings 16:20) up to Israel’s exile from the land (2 Kings 17:1-41; 24:1-25:30). It was also a time when the prophets Elijah (1 Kings 17:1-21:29), Elisha (2 Kings 1:1-8:15), and Isaiah (2 Kings 19:1-20:21) flourished. Although God used Solomon in many ways, “his heart was not wholly true to the Lord his God” (1 Kings 11:4). After him, a few kings such as Hezekiah (2 Kings 18:1- 20:13) and Josiah (2 Kings 22:1-23:30) followed after God’s heart and even led reforms in Israel, but most of the kings lived and ruled in wicked ways and “did what was evil in the sight of the Lord” (1 Kings 11:6; 15:26, 34; 16:25; 22:52; 2 Kings 3:2; 8:18, 27; 13:2, 11; 14:24; 15:9, 18, 24; 17:2; 21:2, 16, 20; 23:32, 37; 24:9). The story highlights the consequences of not following God’s ways and serves to show how Israel was removed from the land. Moreover, it emphasizes God’s timeless faithfulness to His people despite their faithlessness. Amid an evil and idolatrous culture, God is the only True King!
|
||||
|
||||
### Passage Outline
|
||||
1. Ahab's Sadness about Naboth's Field (1 Kings 21:1–7)
|
||||
|
|
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ At the brink of King David’s death, First and Second Kings chronicles the reig
|
|||
5. God Uses Jehu to Fulfill His Promise to Judge Ahab, His Family, and Jezebel (2 Kings 9:1-37)
|
||||
|
||||
### Important Themes
|
||||
**Desires and Emotions**: In this narrative, we are told many things about Ahab's desires and emotions. Ahab really wanted Naboth's vineyard (1 Kings 21:2) and was very sad when Naboth would not give it to him (1 Kings 21:4–7). Wrong use of possessions begins with wrong desires for possessions. As king, Ahab already possessed more than Naboth. His greedy and covetous heart led him to harm Naboth and wrongfully take land that rightfully belonged to Naboth. This is contrast to the way Naboth viewed his possessions (1 Kings 21:3–4, 6).
|
||||
**Desires and Emotions**: This narrative tells us many things about Ahab's desires and emotions. Ahab really wanted Naboth's vineyard (1 Kings 21:2) and was very sad when Naboth would not give it to him (1 Kings 21:4–7). Wrong use of possessions begins with wrong desires for possessions. As king, Ahab already possessed more than Naboth. His greedy and covetous heart led him to harm Naboth and wrongfully take land that rightfully belonged to Naboth. This contrasts how Naboth viewed his possessions (1 Kings 21:3–4, 6).
|
||||
|
||||
**Abuse of Power**: This passage highlights the misuse of power. Ahab and Jezebel use their positions of power and authority to murder Naboth and steal his vineyard (1 Kings 21:2, 7, 8–16). When people get into positions of authority, they may be tempted to use their authority for their own benefit. This narrative highlights the risk and temptation of abusing authority as well as the negative consequences of judgment that result when people misuse their authority.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -50,83 +50,83 @@ At the brink of King David’s death, First and Second Kings chronicles the reig
|
|||
### Passage Translation
|
||||
21:1 Now some time later, Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard in Jezreel,[^ ] near the palace of Ahab, king of Samaria.[^ ] 2 Ahab spoke to Naboth, saying, "Give me your vineyard,[^ ] so I can have it as a vegetable garden,[^ ] because it is near my house.[^ ] In exchange, I will give you a better vineyard,[^ ] or, if you prefer, I will pay you its value in money."[^ ] 3 Naboth replied to Ahab, "May Yahweh forbid that I should give the inheritance of my ancestors to you."[^ ] 4 So Ahab went into his palace resentful and angry[^ ] because of the answer Naboth the Jezreelite gave him when he said, "I will not give you the inheritance of my ancestors."[^ ] He lay down on his bed, turned away his face, and refused to eat any food.[^ ]
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **21:1** **Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard in Jezreel** (**L**: *there was a vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, which was in Jezreel* | **S**: *In Jezreel, there was a vineyard owned by a man named Naboth*) Naboth was a man from Jezreel. He owned a vineyard in Jezreel. A **vineyard** is a large garden area where grapevines are grown and grapes are cultivated. God owns everything. During our lives, God allows humans to own possessions and property. Translate **Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard in Jezreel** to mean a man from Jezreel named Naboth owned a large garden in Jezreel where he grew grapes.
|
||||
[^ ]: **21:1** **Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard in Jezreel** (**L**: *there was a vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, which was in Jezreel* | **S**: *In Jezreel, there was a vineyard owned by a man named Naboth*) Naboth was a man from Jezreel. He owned a vineyard in Jezreel. A **vineyard** is a large garden area where grapevines are grown, and grapes are cultivated. God owns everything. During our lives, God allows humans to own possessions and property. Translate **Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard in Jezreel** to mean that a man from Jezreel named Naboth owned a large garden in Jezreel where he grew grapes.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **21:1** **near the palace of Ahab, king of Samaria** (**L**: *beside the palace of Ahab the king of Samaria* | **S**: *near the palace of King Ahab of Samaria*) Naboth's vineyard was close to the palace of King Ahab. King Ahab was King of Israel. The city of **Samaria** was the capital city of the kingdom of Israel and here represents the entire nation of Israel. In this world, people will own land and possessions next to each other. Some people will own more possessions than others. God wants people to respect each other's possessions. Translate **near the palace of Ahab, king of Samaria** to mean Naboth's vineyard was close to the royal residence of Ahab, King of Israel.
|
||||
[^ ]: **21:1** **near the palace of Ahab, king of Samaria** (**L**: *beside the palace of Ahab the king of Samaria* | **S**: *near the palace of King Ahab of Samaria*) Naboth's vineyard was close to the palace of King Ahab. King Ahab was the King of Israel. **Samaria** was the capital city of the kingdom of Israel and represents the entire nation of Israel. In this world, people will own land and possessions next to each other. Some people will own more possessions than others. God wants people to respect each other's possessions. Translate **near the palace of Ahab, king of Samaria**, to mean Naboth's vineyard was close to the royal residence of Ahab, King of Israel.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **21:2** **Give me your vineyard** (**L**: *Give to me your vineyard* | **S**: *. I would like to buy it*) King Ahab commanded Naboth to give King Ahab his vineyard. Even though King Ahab was king, Naboth's vineyard was not his property. King Ahab used his power and authority to try to obtain it. In a similar way, people try to use their power, influence, and authority to obtain possessions from other people. God wants people with power and authority to use their power and authority to protect the rights of others, especially those who are weak and vulnerable. Translate **Give me your vineyard** as a command for Naboth to give ownership of his vineyard to King Ahab.
|
||||
[^ ]: **21:2** **Give me your vineyard** (**L**: *Give to me your vineyard* | **S**: I would like to buy it*) King Ahab commanded Naboth to give King Ahab his vineyard. Even though King Ahab was king, Naboth's vineyard was not his property. King Ahab used his power and authority to try to obtain it. In a similar way, people try to use their power, influence, and authority to obtain possessions from other people. God wants people with power and authority to use their power and authority to protect the rights of others, especially those who are weak and vulnerable. Translate **Give me your vineyard** as a command for Naboth to give ownership of his vineyard to King Ahab.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **21:2** **so I can have it as a vegetable garden** (**L**: *it will be for me as a garden of herbage* | **S**: *so that I can plant some vegetables there*) King Ahab wanted Naboth's vineyard so he could grow vegetables. Even though King Ahab owned a palace and many other possessions, he was not satisfied with what he had. Many people want to take possessions from others when they are not satisfied/content with the possessions they own. Translate **so I can have it as a vegetable garden** to mean King Ahab wanted to own Naboth's vineyard as a part of his royal property where he could grow a green garden.
|
||||
[^ ]: **21:2** **so I can have it as a vegetable garden** (**L**: *it will be for me as a garden of herbage* | **S**: *so that I can plant some vegetables there*) King Ahab wanted Naboth's vineyard so he could grow vegetables. Even though King Ahab owned a palace and many other possessions, he was not satisfied with what he had. Many people want to take possessions from others when they are not satisfied/content with their possessions. Translate **so I can have it as a vegetable garden** to mean King Ahab wanted to own Naboth's vineyard as a part of his royal property where he could grow a green garden.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **21:2** **because it is near my house** (**L**: *because it is near beside my house* | **S**: *Your vineyard is close to my palace*) King Ahab wanted Naboth's vineyard because it was close to the palace. If King Ahab owned Naboth's vineyard it would expand the size of his royal property. Many people want to expand their property and increase their possessions. Translate **because it is near my house** to mean the reason King Ahab wanted Naboth's vineyard was it was close to the palace where King Ahab lived.
|
||||
[^ ]: **21:2** **because it is near my house** (**L**: *because it is near beside my house* | **S**: *Your vineyard is close to my palace*) King Ahab wanted Naboth's vineyard because it was close to the palace. If King Ahab owned Naboth's vineyard, it would expand the size of his royal property. Many people want to expand their property and increase their possessions. Translate **because it is near my house** to mean King Ahab wanted Naboth's vineyard because it was close to the palace where King Ahab lived.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **21:2** **In exchange, I will give you a better vineyard** (**L**: *let me give to you in its place a better vineyard than it* | **S**: *I will give you in exchange a better vineyard somewhere else*) King Ahab offered to give Naboth a better vineyard if he gave King Ahab the vineyard he currently owned. Although King Ahab tried to pressure Naboth to give him his vineyard, he was also willing to give Naboth another property. There is nothing wrong with exchanging possessions. Translate **In exchange, I will give you a better vineyard** to mean King Ahab offered to trade Naboth a better vineyard for the one next to the palace.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **21:2** **if you prefer, I will pay you its value in money** (**L**: *If it is good in your eyes, let me give to you silver of the price of this one* | **S**: *if you prefer, I will pay you for your vineyard*) King Ahab also offered to buy Naboth's vineyard. The word translated **money** literally means silver. **Silver** is a shiny, gray precious metal used to make coins, jewelry, containers, and ornaments. In this context, silver refers to money. Although King Ahab tried to pressure Naboth to give him his vineyard, he was also willing to pay Naboth for his property. There is nothing wrong with buying and selling possessions. Translate **if you prefer, I will pay you its value in money** to mean King Ahab was willing to pay money for Naboth's vineyard if he did not want to exchange it for another vineyard.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **21:3** **May Yahweh forbid that I should give the inheritance of my ancestors to you** (**L**: *Far be it for me from Yahweh, from my giving the inheritance of my fathers to you* | **S**: *That land belonged to my ancestors, so I want to keep it. I hope that Yahweh will never allow me to give that land to you!*) Naboth refused to trade or sell his vineyard. Naboth told King Ahab that he inherited the land from his ancestors. The phrase **May Yahweh forbid** is an oath that emphasizes that what follows will not happen. In this context, Naboth is vowing to not give away this land. The land that his ancestors received as a permanent possession is spoken of as if it were an inheritance. An **inheritance** can be money, land, or other kinds of property received from one's parents or ancestors. Naboth's viewed his property as a gift God provided for him and his family for many years. This property also gave him some social position. Translate **May Yahweh forbid that I should give the inheritance of my ancestors to you** as a strong statement that Naboth vows before God not to give King Ahab the land that his ancestors received as an inheritance.
|
||||
[^ ]: **21:3** **May Yahweh forbid that I should give the inheritance of my ancestors to you** (**L**: *Far be it for me from Yahweh, from my giving the inheritance of my fathers to you* | **S**: *That land belonged to my ancestors, so I want to keep it. I hope that Yahweh will never allow me to give that land to you!*) Naboth refused to trade or sell his vineyard. Naboth told King Ahab that he inherited the land from his ancestors. The phrase **May Yahweh forbid** is an oath emphasizing that what follows will not happen. In this context, Naboth is vowing not to give away this land. The land that his ancestors received as a permanent possession is spoken of as if it were an inheritance. An **inheritance** can be money, land, or other kinds of property received from one's parents or ancestors. For many years, Naboth's viewed his property as a gift God provided for him and his family. This property also gave him some social position. Translate **May Yahweh forbid that I should give the inheritance of my ancestors to you** as a strong statement that Naboth vows before God not to give King Ahab the land that his ancestors received as an inheritance.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **21:4** **Ahab went into his palace resentful and angry ** (**L**: *Ahab entered into his house sullen and vexed* | **S**: *Ahab became very sullen and angry*) Ahab was very upset when Naboth refused to give him the vineyard. The word **resentful** means to feel deep sadness and severe frustration. The word **angry** means to be irritated or infuriated. Ahab's response shows that he is acting in a way that is not pleasing to God. God wants us to value people more than possessions. God also wants us to trust him to provide the things we need. God is not please when people experience deep sadness or anger over possessions they do not own. Translate **Ahab went into his palace resentful and angry** to mean Ahab returned to his royal home and was very sad and furious.
|
||||
[^ ]: **21:4** **Ahab went into his palace resentful and angry ** (**L**: *Ahab entered into his house sullen and vexed* | **S**: *Ahab became very sullen and angry*) Ahab was very upset when Naboth refused to give him the vineyard. The word **resentful** means to feel deep sadness and severe frustration. The word **angry** means to be irritated or infuriated. Ahab's response shows that he is acting in a way that is not pleasing to God. God wants us to value people more than possessions. God also wants us to trust him to provide the things we need. God is not pleased when people experience deep sadness or anger over possessions they do not own. Translate **Ahab went into his palace resentful and angry**, to mean Ahab returned to his royal home and was very sad and furious.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **21:4** **I will not give you the inheritance of my ancestors** (**L**: *I will not give to you the inheritance of my fathers* | **S**: *I will not give you my family's land which I inherited*) See note on 21:3.
|
||||
[^ ]: **21:4** **I will not give you the inheritance of my ancestors** (**L**: *I will not give to you the inheritance of my fathers* | **S**: *I will not give you my family's land which I inherited*). See note on 21:3.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **21:4** **He lay down on his bed, turned away his face, and refused to eat any food** (**L**: *he lay down on his bed, and he turned away his face and he did not eat bread* | **S**: *He went home and lay down on his bed. He turned his face toward the wall, and he refused to eat anything.*) Ahab was so upset about Naboth's vineyard that did not want to see people and did not want to eat any food. In this context, the phrase **turned away his face** means turned his face to the wall so that he could not see anyone. God is not pleased when people have wrong desires for possessions or property. Translate **He lay down on his bed, turned away his face, and refused to eat any food** to mean King Ahab lay in his bed, turned toward the wall away from people, and did not eat anything.
|
||||
[^ ]: **21:4** **He lay down on his bed, turned away his face, and refused to eat any food** (**L**: *he lay down on his bed, and he turned away his face and he did not eat bread* | **S**: *He went home and lay down on his bed. He turned his face toward the wall, and he refused to eat anything.*) Ahab was so upset about Naboth's vineyard that he did not want to see people or eat any food. In this context, the phrase **turned away his face** means he turned his face to the wall so that he could not see anyone. God is not pleased when people have wrong desires for possessions or property. Translate **He lay down on his bed, turned away his face, and refused to eat any food** to mean King Ahab lay in his bed, turned toward the wall away from people, and did not eat anything.
|
||||
|
||||
5 Jezebel his wife came to him and said to him, "Why is your heart so resentful, so that you eat no food?"[^ ] 6 He replied to her, "I spoke to Naboth the Jezreelite and said to him, 'Give me your vineyard for money,[^ ] or if it pleases you, I will give you another vineyard to be yours.'[^ ] Then he answered me, 'I will not give you my vineyard.'"[^ ] 7 So Jezebel his wife replied to him, "Do you not still rule the kingdom of Israel?[^ ] Get up and eat; let your heart be happy.[^ ] I will obtain for you the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite."[^ ] 8 So Jezebel wrote letters in Ahab's name,[^ ] sealed them with his seal,[^ ] and sent them to the elders and to the wealthy who sat with him in meetings,[^ ] and who lived near Naboth. 9 She wrote in the letters, saying, "Proclaim a fast and seat Naboth above the people.[^ ] 10 Also place two dishonest men with him and let them testify against him,[^ ] saying, 'You cursed God and the king.'"[^ ] Then take him out and stone him to death.[^ ]
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[^ ]: **21:5** **Why is your heart so resentful, so that you eat no food?** (**L**: *What is this? Your spirit is sullen and you are not eating bread?* | **S**: *Why are you so depressed? Why are you refusing to eat anything?*) Jezebel was King Ahab's wife. She asked Ahab why he was so upset. For **resentful** see 21:4. In this context, **heart** refers to the entire person and his emotions. Emotions can help people learn about the good and the bad things they value. Translate **Why is your heart so sad, so that you eat no food?** as a question that asks why King Ahab is feeling very sad and is not eating anything.
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[^ ]: **21:5** **Why is your heart so resentful, so that you eat no food?** (**L**: *What is this? Your spirit is sullen and you are not eating bread?* | **S**: *Why are you so depressed? Why are you refusing to eat anything?*) Jezebel was King Ahab's wife. She asked Ahab why he was so upset. For **resentful**, see 21:4. In this context, **heart** refers to the entire person and his emotions. Emotions can help people learn about the good and the bad things they value. Translate **Why is your heart so sad, so that you eat no food?** as a question that asks why King Ahab is feeling very sad and is not eating anything.
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[^ ]: **21:6** **Give me your vineyard for money** (**L**: *Give your vineyard to me for silver* | **S**: *I will buy it from you*) For **give me your vineyard** see 21:2. For **money** see 21:2. Translate **Give me your vineyard for money** as a command for Naboth to sell his vineyard to King Ahab.
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[^ ]: **21:6** **Give me your vineyard for money** (**L**: *Give your vineyard to me for silver* | **S**: *I will buy it from you*). For **give me your vineyard**, see 21:2. For **money**, see 21:2. Translate **Give me your vineyard for money** as a command for Naboth to sell his vineyard to King Ahab.
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[^ ]: **21:6** **if it pleases you, I will give you another vineyard to be yours** (**L**: *if you are desiring, let me give a vineyard to you in its place* | **S**: *if you prefer, I will give you another vineyard for it*) Ahab told Jezebel he offered Naboth another vineyard if he was willing to trade the vineyard he presently owned. See note on 21:2. Translate **if it pleases you, I will give you another vineyard to be yours** to mean King Ahab offered to give Naboth another vineyard if he was willing to give Ahab his vineyard.
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[^ ]: **21:6** **if it pleases you, I will give you another vineyard to be yours** (**L**: *if you are desiring, let me give a vineyard to you in its place* | **S**: *if you prefer, I will give you another vineyard for it*). Ahab told Jezebel he offered Naboth another vineyard if he was willing to trade the vineyard he presently owned. See note on 21:2. Translate **if it pleases you, I will give you another vineyard to be yours** to mean King Ahab offered to give Naboth another vineyard if he was willing to give Ahab his vineyard.
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[^ ]: **21:6** **I will not give you my vineyard** (**L**: *I will not give my vineyard to you* | **S**: *Naboth refused to let me have it*) See note on 21:4.
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|
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[^ ]: **21:7** **Do you not still rule the kingdom of Israel?** (**L**: *You now, you do the kingship over Israel* | **S**: *You are the king of Israel, so you can get whatever you want!*) Jezebel reminded Ahab that he was a powerful king who ruled Israel. Jezebel used this question to rebuke Ahab. She was telling him that kings have power to do what they want to do. God is not pleased when people use power and authority in this way. Sometimes people use their power and authority to take possessions and property from people who are not as powerful. Translate **Do you not still rule the kingdom of Israel?** as a question reminds Ahab that he ruled the kingdom of Israel and had the power to do as he pleased.
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[^ ]: **21:7** **Do you not still rule the kingdom of Israel?** (**L**: *You now, you do the kingship over Israel* | **S**: *You are the king of Israel, so you can get whatever you want!*) Jezebel reminded Ahab that he was a powerful king who ruled Israel. Jezebel used this question to rebuke Ahab. She was telling him that kings have the power to do what they want to do. God is not pleased when people use power and authority in this way. Sometimes people use their power and authority to take possessions and property from people who are not as powerful. Translate **Do you not still rule the kingdom of Israel?** as a question reminds Ahab that he ruled the kingdom of Israel and had the power to do as he pleased.
|
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|
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[^ ]: **21:7** **Get up and eat; let your heart be happy** (**L**: *Eat bread and let your heart be good!* | **S**: *Get up, and eat some food and do not worry about what Naboth said*) Jezebel instructed Ahab to stop being sad. For **heart** see note on 21:5. God is not pleased when our happiness and joy depends upon owning certain material possessions or property. Translate **Get up and eat; let your heart be happy** as a command to get out of bed, eat food, and stop being upset.
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[^ ]: **21:7** **Get up and eat; let your heart be happy** (**L**: *Eat bread and let your heart be good!* | **S**: *Get up, and eat some food and do not worry about what Naboth said*) Jezebel instructed Ahab to stop being sad. For **heart**, see note on 21:5. God is not pleased when our happiness and joy depend upon owning certain material possessions or property. Translate **Get up and eat; let your heart be happy** as a command to get out of bed, eat food, and stop being upset.
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|
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[^ ]: **21:7** **I will obtain for you the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite** (**L**: *I myself will give to you the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite* | **S**: *I will get Naboth’s vineyard for you*) Jezebel told Ahab that she would get Naboth's vineyard for Ahab. In this context, the word **obtain** refers to changing the possession of something from one person to another. Jezebel planned to give the vineyard to Ahab by wrongly taking it from Ahab. This is stealing or robbery. God is not pleased when people wrongly take something from others that they do not own. Translate **I will obtain for you the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite** to mean Jezebel would take possession of Naboth's vineyard and give it to King Ahab.
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[^ ]: **21:7** **I will obtain for you the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite** (**L**: *I myself will give to you the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite* | **S**: *I will get Naboth’s vineyard for you*) Jezebel told Ahab that she would get Naboth's vineyard for Ahab. In this context, the word **obtain** refers to changing the possession of something from one person to another. Jezebel planned to give the vineyard to Ahab by wrongly taking it from Ahab. This is stealing or robbery. God is not pleased when people wrongly take something they do not own from others. Translate **I will obtain for you the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite** to mean Jezebel would take possession of Naboth's vineyard and give it to King Ahab.
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[^ ]: **21:8** **Jezebel wrote letters in Ahab's name** (**L**: *she wrote letters in the name of Ahab* | **S**: *Jezebel wrote some letters, and she signed Ahab’s name on them*) Jezebel wrote letters making it seem as if King Ahab wrote them. To write letters **in Ahab's name** could mean (1) Jezebel wrote Ahab’s name on the letters or (2) Jezebel wrote letters as a representative of Ahab. Jezebel used the king's authority to something sinful against Naboth. God gives people authority to protect others. God is not pleased when people use power and authority to harm others. Translate **Jezebel wrote letters in Ahab's name** to mean Jezebel wrote letters on behalf of King Ahab and signed his name on them.
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[^ ]: **21:8** **Jezebel wrote letters in Ahab's name** (**L**: *she wrote letters in the name of Ahab* | **S**: *Jezebel wrote some letters, and she signed Ahab’s name on them*) Jezebel wrote letters making it seem as if King Ahab wrote them. To write letters **in Ahab's name** could mean (1) Jezebel wrote Ahab’s name on the letters or (2) Jezebel wrote letters as a representative of Ahab. Jezebel used the king's authority to do something sinful against Naboth. God gives people the authority to protect others. God is not pleased when people use power and authority to harm others. Translate **Jezebel wrote letters in Ahab's name** to mean Jezebel wrote letters on behalf of King Ahab and signed his name on them.
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[^ ]: **21:8** **sealed them with his seal** (**L**: *she sealed them with his seal* | **S**: *She used his official seal to seal them*) Jezebel sealed the letters with King Ahab's seal. To term **seal** means to close an object with something that makes the object impossible to open without breaking the seal. Often a seal is marked with a design to show who it belongs to. Sometimes people in power use their authority to make an official policy that oppresses other people. Translate **sealed them with his seal** to mean Jezebel closed the letters with a mark that showed they belonged to King Ahab.
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[^ ]: **21:8** **sealed them with his seal** (**L**: *she sealed them with his seal* | **S**: *She used his official seal to seal them*). Jezebel sealed the letters with King Ahab's seal. To term **seal** means to close an object with something that makes the object impossible to open without breaking the seal. Often a seal is marked with a design to show who it belongs to. Sometimes people in power use their authority to make an official policy that oppresses others. Translate **sealed them with his seal** to mean Jezebel closed the letters with a mark that showed they belonged to King Ahab.
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[^ ]: **21:8** **sent them to the elders and to the wealthy who sat with him in meetings** (**L**: *she sent the letters to the elders and to the nobles who were in his city* | **S**: *she sent them to the older leaders and other important men who decided public matters with him*) Jezebel sent the letters to important, powerful, and influential people. The term **elder** refers to people (in the Bible, usually men) who have grown old enough to become mature adults and leaders within a community. The word **wealthy** refers to people who have a lot of money. Sometimes groups of powerful and wealthy people work together and use their influence and authority against others. Translate **sent them to the elders and to the wealthy who sat with him in meetings** to mean Jezebel sent the letters to older respected men and rich people of the community who made public decisions with Ahab.
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[^ ]: **21:9** **Proclaim a fast and seat Naboth above the people** (**L**: *Call a fast and seat Naboth at the head the people* | **S**: *Announce a day when all the people will gather together and fast, and give to Naboth an important place to sit among them*) Jezebel instructed the elders and rich people of the community to call for a fast and put Naboth in a visible place. The term **fast** refers to a time when people stop eating food for a period of time, such as for a day or more. Sometimes it also includes not drinking. The phrase **above the people** means to tell Naboth to sit in a place visible for other people to see. Having Naboth sit in a place of honor is spoken of as if it were having him sit above the rest of the people who were present. Translate **Proclaim a fast and seat Naboth above the people** to mean as a command to announce a time fasting when people do not eat for a period of time and tell Naboth to sit in a respectable place where many people can see him.
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[^ ]: **21:9** **Proclaim a fast and seat Naboth above the people** (**L**: *Call a fast and seat Naboth at the head of the people* | **S**: *Announce a day when all the people will gather together and fast, and give to Naboth an important place to sit among them*). Jezebel instructed the elders and rich people of the community to call for a fast and put Naboth in a visible place. The term **fast** refers to a time when people stop eating food for a period of time, such as for a day or more. Sometimes it also includes not drinking. The phrase **above the people** means telling Naboth to sit in a visible place for others to see. Having Naboth sit in a place of honor is spoken of as if it were having him sit above the rest of the people who were present. Translate **Proclaim a fast and seat Naboth above the people** to mean a command to announce a time of fasting when people do not eat for a period of time and tell Naboth to sit in a respectable place where many people can see him.
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[^ ]: **21:10** **place two dishonest men with him and let them testify against him** (**L**: *seat two men, sons of worthlessness, in front of him and let them witness against him* | **S**: *find two men who always cause trouble, give them places to sit opposite Naboth, and tell these men to accuse Naboth*) Jezebel instructed the elders and rich people of the community to have two people accuse Naboth before the people. The phrase **dishonest men** refers to people who do not act morally. The word **testify** means to make a statement about something one knows, claiming that the statement is true. Jezebel used deceit and falsehood to accuse Naboth. When people deeply desire the possessions of others, they will often lie and deceive to steal those possessions. Lying and deceit does not please God. Translate **place two dishonest men with him and let them testify against him** to mean sit two people who lie next to Naboth and tell them to accuse Naboth.
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[^ ]: **21:10** **place two dishonest men with him and let them testify against him** (**L**: *seat two men, sons of worthlessness, in front of him and let them witness against him* | **S**: *find two men who always cause trouble, give them places to sit opposite Naboth, and tell these men to accuse Naboth*) Jezebel instructed the elders and rich people of the community to have two people accuse Naboth before the people. The phrase **dishonest men** refers to people who do not act morally. The word **testify** means to make a statement about something one knows, claiming that the statement is true. Jezebel used deceit and falsehood to accuse Naboth. When people deeply desire the possessions of others, they will often lie and deceive others to steal those possessions. Lying and deceit does not please God. Translate **place two dishonest men with him and let them testify against him** to mean sitting two people who lie next to Naboth and telling them to accuse Naboth.
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[^ ]: **21:10** **You cursed God and the king** (**L**: *You cursed God and the king* | **S**: *of criticizing God and the king*) The dishonest men accused Naboth disrespecting God and the king. The word **curse** means to express a desire that bad things will happen to someone by using disrespectful and harsh words. People who are not moral can wrongly accuse other people of things that may not be true. When people deeply desire the possessions of others, they can falsely accuse people of wrongdoing. False accusation does not please God. Translate **You cursed God and the king** to mean the two dishonest men accused Naboth of saying disrespectful things against God and King Ahab.
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[^ ]: **21:10** **You cursed God and the king** (**L**: *You cursed God and the king* | **S**: *of criticizing God and the king*). The dishonest men accused Naboth of disrespecting God and the king. The word **curse** means expressing a desire for bad things to happen to someone by using disrespectful and harsh words. People who are not moral can wrongly accuse other people of things that may not be true. When people deeply desire the possessions of others, they can falsely accuse people of wrongdoing. False accusations do not please God. Translate **You cursed God and the king** to mean the two dishonest men accused Naboth of saying disrespectful things against God and King Ahab.
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[^ ]: **21:10** **take him out and stone him to death** (**L**: *take him out and stone him and let him die* | **S**: *take Naboth out of the city and kill him by throwing stones at him*) Jezebel wrote instructions in the letter to kill Naboth. To **stone** someone is to throw stones and larger rocks at that person with the intention of killing him. When people deeply desire the possessions of others, they can be willing to kill them to get those possessions. Murder does not please God. Translate **take him out and stone him to death** to mean Jezebel commanded the people to remove Naboth from the place of honor and kill him by throwing stones at him.
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[^ ]: **21:10** **take him out and stone him to death** (**L**: *take him out and stone him and let him die* | **S**: *take Naboth out of the city and kill him by throwing stones at him*). Jezebel wrote instructions in the letter to kill Naboth. To **stone** someone is to throw stones and larger rocks at that person with the intention of killing them. When people deeply desire the possessions of others, they can be willing to kill them to get those possessions. Murder does not please God. Translate **take him out and stone him to death** to mean Jezebel commanded the people to remove Naboth from the place of honor and kill him by throwing stones at him.
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11 So the men of his city,[^ ] the elders and the wealthy who lived in Naboth's city,[^ ] did as Jezebel had described to them, as was written in the letters that she had sent to them. 12 They proclaimed a fast[^ ] and seated Naboth above the people.[^ ] 13 The two dishonest men came in and sat before Naboth;[^ ] they testified against Naboth[^ ] in the presence of the people, saying, "Naboth cursed both God and the king."[^ ] Then they carried him out of the city and stoned him to death.[^ ] 14 Then the elders sent word to Jezebel, saying, "Naboth has been stoned and is dead."[^ ] 15 So when Jezebel heard that Naboth had been stoned and was dead, she said to Ahab, "Get up and take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite,[^ ] which he refused to give you for money,[^ ] because Naboth is not alive, but dead."[^ ] 16 When Ahab heard that Naboth was dead, he rose up to go down to the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite and take possession of it.[^ ]
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[^ ]: **21:11** **the men of his city** (**L**: *the men of his city* | **S**: *the leaders*) The wealthy and influential people of the city did what Jezebel instructed them to do. Translate **the men of his city** to mean the important leaders who lived in the city, the elders and the rich.
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[^ ]: **21:11** **the elders and the wealthy who lived in Naboth's city** See note on 21:8.
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[^ ]: **21:11** **the elders and the wealthy who lived in Naboth's city**. See note on 21:8.
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[^ ]: **21:12** **They proclaimed a fast** See note on 21:9.
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[^ ]: **21:12** **They proclaimed a fast**. See note on 21:9.
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[^ ]: **21:12** **seated Naboth above the people** See note on 21:9.
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[^ ]: **21:12** **seated Naboth above the people**. See note on 21:9.
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[^ ]: **21:13** **The two dishonest men came in and sat before Naboth** (**L**: *the two men, the sons of worthlessness, came and they sat in front of him* | **S**: *Two men who always caused trouble sat opposite Naboth*) See note on 21:10.
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[^ ]: **21:13** **The two dishonest men came in and sat before Naboth** (**L**: *the two men, the sons of worthlessness, came and they sat in front of him* | **S**: *Two men who always caused trouble sat opposite Naboth*). See note on 21:10.
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[^ ]: **21:13** **they testified against Naboth** See note on 21:10.
|
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[^ ]: **21:13** **they testified against Naboth**. See note on 21:10.
|
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|
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[^ ]: **21:13** **Naboth cursed both God and the king** See note on 21:10.
|
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[^ ]: **21:13** **Naboth cursed both God and the king**. See note on 21:10.
|
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[^ ]: **21:13** **they carried him out of the city and stoned him to death** See note on 21:10.
|
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[^ ]: **21:13** **they carried him out of the city and stoned him to death**. See note on 21:10.
|
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|
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[^ ]: **21:14** **Naboth has been stoned and is dead** See note on 21:10.
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[^ ]: **21:14** **Naboth has been stoned and is dead**. See note on 21:10.
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[^ ]: **21:15** **Get up and take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite** (**L**: *Get up! Possess the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite!* | **S**: *Now you can go and take possession of the vineyard*) After the people stoned Naboth, Jezebel told Ahab to claim ownership of Naboth's vineyard. The term **take possession** means to take control of something in order to own it. When people deeply desire the possessions that belong to other people, they can wrongly take/steal it from them. Translate **Get up and take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite** as an instruction for Ahab to go to Naboth's vineyard and claim that it belongs to himself.
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[^ ]: **21:15** **Get up and take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite** (**L**: *Get up! Possess the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite!* | **S**: *Now you can go and take possession of the vineyard*). After the people stoned Naboth, Jezebel told Ahab to claim ownership of Naboth's vineyard. The term **take possession** means taking control of something in order to own it. When people deeply desire the possessions that belong to others, they can wrongly take/steal them from them. Translate **Get up and take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite** as an instruction for Ahab to go to Naboth's vineyard and claim that it belongs to himself.
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[^ ]: **21:15** **which he refused to give you for money** (**L**: *which he refused to give to you for silver* | **S**: *the vineyard that he refused to sell to you*) Jezebel reminded Ahab that Naboth would not sell his vineyard to Ahab. Jezebel and Ahab may have felt like they had the right to own Naboth's vineyard even though they did not have this right. When people steal possessions from others, they can try to justify why they think it was appropriate to steal. God is not pleased with stealing. Translate **which he refused to give you for money** to mean Naboth did not agree to sell his vineyard to Ahab.
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[^ ]: **21:15** **which he refused to give you for money** (**L**: *which he refused to give to you for silver* | **S**: *the vineyard that he refused to sell to you*). Jezebel reminded Ahab that Naboth would not sell his vineyard to Ahab. Jezebel and Ahab may have felt like they had the right to own Naboth's vineyard even though they did not have this right. When people steal possessions from others, they can try to justify why they think stealing is appropriate. God is not pleased with stealing. Translate **which he refused to give you for money** to mean Naboth did not agree to sell his vineyard to Ahab.
|
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[^ ]: **21:15** **because Naboth is not alive, but dead** (**L**: *for Naboth is not alive, but he has died* | **S**: *Naboth is dead*) Jezebel told Ahab to take ownership of Naboth's land because Naboth was dead and could no longer claim ownership of it. The two phrases **not alive** and **dead** mean the same thing and emphasize Jezebel's statement that Naboth is dead. When people steal possessions from others, they are treating things as more important than people. God is not pleased when people do this. God wants us to live in a way that treats people as more important than material possessions. Translate **because Naboth is not alive, but dead** to mean the reason Ahab can claim Naboth's vineyard as his own is Naboth is no longer alive.
|
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[^ ]: **21:15** **because Naboth is not alive, but dead** (**L**: *for Naboth is not alive, but he has died* | **S**: *Naboth is dead*) Jezebel told Ahab to take ownership of Naboth's land because Naboth was dead and could no longer claim ownership of it. The two phrases **not alive** and **dead** mean the same thing and emphasize Jezebel's statement that Naboth is dead. When people steal possessions from others, they treat things as more important than people. God is not pleased when people do this. God wants us to live in a way that treats people as more important than material possessions. Translate **because Naboth is not alive, but dead** to mean the reason Ahab can claim Naboth's vineyard as his own is Naboth is no longer alive.
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|
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[^ ]: **21:16** **take possession of it** (**L**: *to possess it* | **S**: *to claim that he now owned it*) For **take possession**, see note on 21:15.
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@ -134,117 +134,117 @@ At the brink of King David’s death, First and Second Kings chronicles the reig
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[^ ]: **21:17** **the word of Yahweh came to Elijah the Tishbite** (**L**: *the word of Yahweh was to Elijah the Tishbite* | **S**: *Yahweh spoke to Elijah the prophet*) God talked to the prophet Elijah. The phrase **the word of Yahweh came** means Yahweh spoke or has sent a message. God speaks to Elijah because he is not pleased with what Jezebel and Ahab did. God is concerned about what people do with their possessions. God is not pleased when people steal. God is also not pleased when people murder, lie, or falsely accuse others to get possessions. Translate **the word of Yahweh came to Elijah the Tishbite** to mean God spoke a message to the prophet Elijah.
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[^ ]: **21:18** **He is in the vineyard of Naboth, where he has gone to take possession of it** (**L**: *he is in the vineyard of Naboth, there where he has gone down to possess it* | **S**: *He is in the vineyard of a man named Naboth. He has gone there to claim that he now owns it.*) For **take possession** see 21:15. Translate **He is in the vineyard of Naboth, where he has gone to take possession of it** to mean Ahab claimed ownership of Naboth's vineyard and he was in the vineyard at the time God spoke to Elijah.
|
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[^ ]: **21:18** **He is in the vineyard of Naboth, where he has gone to take possession of it** (**L**: *he is in the vineyard of Naboth, there where he has gone down to possess it* | **S**: *He is in the vineyard of a man named Naboth. He has gone there to claim that he now owns it.*) For **take possession**, see 21:15. Translate **He is in the vineyard of Naboth, where he has gone to take possession of it** to mean Ahab claimed ownership of Naboth's vineyard, and he was in the vineyard at the time God spoke to Elijah.
|
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|
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[^ ]: *21:19* **Have you killed and also taken possession?** (**L**: *Have you murdered and also taken possession?* | **S**: *You have murdered Naboth and taken his land*) God told Elijah to ask Ahab if he murdered Naboth and claimed ownership of his vineyard. Yahweh knew the answer to this question. Yahweh asked this question to scold Ahab. God is not pleased with murder or theft. People will have to answer to God for committing these sins. Translate **Have you killed and also taken possession?** as a question that rebukes Ahab for murdering Naboth and taking ownership of his vineyard.
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[^ ]: **21:19** **In the place where dogs licked the blood of Naboth** (**L**: *In a place where the dogs licked the blood of Naboth* | **S**: *In the same place where Naboth died and dogs came and licked up Naboth’s blood*) God told Elijah to tell Ahab that he will die in the same place that Naboth died. The idea of dogs licking blood describes what dogs do to a dead body when it is left on the ground after a person dies. It would be very shameful and disgraceful for dogs to eat a dead body lying on the ground. God will cause things to happen to Ahab that are similar to the way Ahab and Jezebel treated Naboth. God is just and he will rightly punish people for their sin. Translate **In the place where dogs licked the blood of Naboth** to mean Ahab will die and the dogs will lick the blood from his dead body in the same place Naboth died.
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[^ ]: **21:19** **In the place where dogs licked the blood of Naboth** (**L**: *In a place where the dogs licked the blood of Naboth* | **S**: *In the same place where Naboth died and dogs came and licked up Naboth’s blood*). God told Elijah to tell Ahab that he would die in the same place Naboth died. The idea of dogs licking blood describes what dogs do to a dead body when it is left on the ground after a person dies. It would be very shameful and disgraceful for dogs to eat a dead body lying on the ground. God will cause things to happen to Ahab, similar to how Ahab and Jezebel treated Naboth. God is just, and he will rightly punish people for their sin. Translate **In the place where dogs licked the blood of Naboth** to mean Ahab will die, and the dogs will lick the blood from his dead body in the same place Naboth died.
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[^ ]: **21:19** **the dogs will lick your blood, yes, your blood** (**L**: *the dogs will lick your blood, even you* | **S**: *you will die and the dogs will lick up your blood, too*) God told Elijah to tell Ahab that he will die and the dogs will lick his blood. In this context, the phrase **yes, your blood** emphasizes that the Ahab will die and the dogs will certainly lick his blood. God is aware of all things. God will not ignore deeds of murder, deceit, and theft. He will certainly judge all of them. Translate **the dogs will lick your blood, yes, your blood** to mean the dogs will certainly lick up the blood of Ahab after he dies.
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[^ ]: **21:19** **the dogs will lick your blood, yes, your blood** (**L**: *the dogs will lick your blood, even you* | **S**: *you will die and the dogs will lick up your blood, too*) God told Elijah to tell Ahab that he will die and the dogs will lick his blood. In this context, the phrase **yes, your blood** emphasizes that Ahab will die and the dogs will certainly lick his blood. God is aware of all things. God will not ignore deeds of murder, deceit, and theft. He will certainly judge all of them. Translate **the dogs will lick your blood, yes, your blood**, to mean the dogs will certainly lick up the blood of Ahab after he dies.
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[^ ]: **21:20** **Have you found me, my enemy?** (**L**: *Have you found me, my enemy?* | **S**: *You, my enemy, have found me!*) Ahab asked if his enemy Elijah found him. Ahab is not happy to see the prophet Elijah. Ahab used this question to express anger toward Elijah. That Elijah **found** Ahab likely refers to Elijah discovering Ahab’s actions, not to finding his physical location. No one can hide from their sins. God will confront every person for their sinfulness, including murder, deceit, and theft. This is why it is important for people to trust God and ask him to forgive them of their sins. Translate **Have you found me, my enemy?** as a question that expresses anger that Elijah came to confront the sinful actions Ahab did like a person would confront their enemy.
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[^ ]: **21:20** **Have you found me, my enemy?** (**L**: *Have you found me, my enemy?* | **S**: *You, my enemy, have found me!*) Ahab asked if his enemy Elijah found him. Ahab is not happy to see the prophet Elijah. Ahab used this question to express anger toward Elijah. That Elijah **found** Ahab likely refers to Elijah discovering Ahab’s actions, not to finding his physical location. No one can hide from their sins. God will confront every person for their sinfulness, including murder, deceit, and theft. This is why people need to trust God and ask him to forgive them for their sin. Translate **Have you found me, my enemy?** as a question expressing anger, Elijah came to confront the sinful actions Ahab did like a person would confront their enemy.
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[^ ]: **21:20** **because you have sold yourself to do what is evil in the sight of Yahweh** (**L**: *on account of you having sold yourself by doing the evil thing in the eyes of Yahweh* | **S**: *You have never stopped doing the things that Yahweh says are wrong*) A person being committed to doing what is evil is spoken of as if that person had **sold** himself to evil. The phrase **in the sight of** refers to someone's opinion. God considered Ahab's actions to be sinful like a person who has sold themselves as slaves to do evil things. When people murder, lie, and steal possessions, they are dedicating themselves to do what is evil. Translate **because you have sold yourself to do what is evil in the sight of Yahweh** to mean the reason Elijah confronted Ahab was he committed himself to do things that God considers wrong like a person who sells themselves to become slaves of evil.
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[^ ]: **21:20** **because you have sold yourself to do what is evil in the sight of Yahweh** (**L**: *on account of you having sold yourself by doing the evil thing in the eyes of Yahweh* | **S**: *You have never stopped doing the things that Yahweh says are wrong*). A person committed to doing what is evil is spoken of as if that person had **sold** himself to evil. The phrase **in the sight of** refers to someone's opinion. God considered Ahab's actions sinful, like a person who sold themselves as slaves to do evil things. When people murder, lie, and steal possessions, they are dedicating themselves to doing what is evil. Translate **because you have sold yourself to do what is evil in the sight of Yahweh** to mean the reason Elijah confronted Ahab was he committed himself to do things that God considers wrong, like a person who sells themselves to become slaves of evil.
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[^ ]: **21:21** **I will bring disaster on you** (**L**: *I am about to bring evil on you* | **S**: *I will soon get rid of you*) Elijah told Ahab that God would destroy him. The term **bring disaster** means to cause bad things to happen to someone or something so that it is destroyed. God will judge people for their evil deeds such as murder, theft, and deceit. Translate **I will bring disaster on you** to mean God will destroy Ahab for the evil actions he did.
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[^ ]: **21:21** **I will bring disaster on you** (**L**: *I am about to bring evil on you* | **S**: *I will soon get rid of you*) Elijah told Ahab that God would destroy him. The term **bring disaster** means to cause bad things to happen to someone or something so that it is destroyed. God will judge people for their evil deeds, such as murder, theft, and deceit. Translate **I will bring disaster on you** to mean God will destroy Ahab for the evil actions he did.
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[^ ]: **21:21** **will completely consume and cut off from you every male child and slave and free man in Israel** (**L**: *I will burn after you, and I will cut off with respect to Ahab one who urinates on a wall, and one who is restrained, and one who is let free in Israel* | **S**: *I will kill you, and I will also kill every male in your household, including those who are slaves and those who are not slaves*) Elijah told Ahab that God would end his family line so that he has no more descendants. Yahweh speaks of destroying Ahab’s family and preventing him from having any descendants as if he were consuming these people like a fire would consume them, and cutting them off as one would cut a branch from a tree. When people murder, deceive, and steal, it can negatively affect future generations. Translate **will completely consume and cut off from you every male child and slave and free man in Israel** to mean God will completely destroy Ahab's entire family line like a person who burns something with fire or chopping off a branch of a tree.
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[^ ]: **21:21** **will completely consume and cut off from you every male child and slave and free man in Israel** (**L**: *I will burn after you, and I will cut off with respect to Ahab one who urinates on a wall, and one who is restrained, and one who is let free in Israel* | **S**: *I will kill you, and I will also kill every male in your household, including those who are slaves and those who are not slaves*). Elijah told Ahab that God would end his family line so he would have no more descendants. Yahweh speaks of destroying Ahab’s family and preventing him from having any descendants as if he were consuming these people like a fire would consume them and cutting them off as one would cut a branch from a tree. When people murder, deceive, and steal, it can negatively affect future generations. Translate **will completely consume and cut off from you every male child and slave and free man in Israel** to mean God will completely destroy Ahab's entire family line like a person who burns something with fire or chops off a branch of a tree.
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[^ ]: **21:22** **I will make your family like the family of Jeroboam son of Nebat** (**L**: *I will give over your house like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat* | **S**: *Your family will all be killed, just like the family of King Jeroboam*) Yahweh will destroy Ahab’s family like he destroyed the families of Jeroboam and Baasha. God is consistent in his judgment. He judges people for doing evil things that does not please God. Translate **I will make your family like the family of Jeroboam son of Nebat** to mean God would destroy Ahab's family line like God did to King Jeroboam.
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[^ ]: **21:22** **I will make your family like the family of Jeroboam son of Nebat** (**L**: *I will give over your house like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat* | **S**: *Your family will all be killed, just like the family of King Jeroboam*) Yahweh will destroy Ahab’s family like he destroyed the families of Jeroboam and Baasha. God is consistent in his judgment. He judges people for doing evil things that do not please God. Translate **I will make your family like the family of Jeroboam son of Nebat** to mean God would destroy Ahab's family line like God did to King Jeroboam.
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[^ ]: **21:22** **like the family of Baasha son of Ahijah** (**L**: *like the house of Baasha the son of Ahijah* | **S**: *like the family of King Baasha were killed*) Translate **like the family of Baasha son of Ahijah** to mean God would destroy Ahab's family line like God did to King Baasha.
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[^ ]: **21:22** **like the family of Baasha son of Ahijah** (**L**: *like the house of Baasha the son of Ahijah* | **S**: *like the family of King Baasha were killed*) Translate **like the family of Baasha son of Ahijah** to mean God would destroy Ahab's family line as God did to King Baasha.
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[^ ]: **21:22** **because you have provoked me to anger and have led Israel to sin** (**L**: *on account of the anger that you have provoked to anger and you have caused Israel to sin* | **S**: *because you have caused me to become very angry, and you have also induced the Israelite people to sin*) God was angry because of the evil things King Ahab did and the sins King Ahab caused other Israelites to do. The word **provoked** means to offend someone and cause them to be angry. When people do evil things, they can cause other people to also do evil things. God is angry when people sin. When people do evil things against other people, they are also sinning against God. Translate **because you have provoked me to anger and have led Israel to sin** to mean the reason God will destroy Ahab's family is he made God very angry with his evil actions and caused Israelites to disobey God and do sinful things.
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[^ ]: **21:22** **because you have provoked me to anger and have led Israel to sin** (**L**: *on account of the anger that you have provoked to anger and you have caused Israel to sin* | **S**: *because you have caused me to become very angry, and you have also induced the Israelite people to sin*) God was angry because of the evil things King Ahab did and the sins King Ahab caused other Israelites to do. The word **provoked** means to offend someone and cause them to be angry. When people do evil things, they can cause others to do evil things. God is angry when people sin. When people do evil things against others, they also sin against God. Translate **because you have provoked me to anger and have led Israel to sin** to mean God will destroy Ahab's family because he made God very angry with his evil actions and caused Israelites to disobey God and do sinful things.
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[^ ]: **21:23** **The dogs will eat Jezebel beside the wall of Jezreel** (**L**: *The dogs will eat Jezebel at the rampart of Jezreel* | **S**: *your wife Jezebel will be killed, and dogs in Jezreel will eat her body*) Jezebel will die and dogs will eat her body near the wall that is in Jezreel. See note 21:19. God will judge Jezebel in the same place she helped Ahab steal. God will fairly judge people for their sinful actions. Translate **The dogs will eat Jezebel beside the wall of Jezreel** to mean near the wall in Jezreel dogs will eat Jezebel's body after she dies.
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[^ ]: **21:24** **Anyone who belongs to Ahab and dies in the city, the dogs will eat** (**L**: *The one of Ahab who dies in the city, the dogs shall eat* | **S**: *The dead bodies of the members of your family who die in this city will not be buried. They will be eaten by dogs*) The dogs will eat the bodies of Ahab's family members who die in the city. Ahab's family members will die shameful and dishonorable deaths. When people murder, deceive, or steal, it causes them to experience shame that can affect others in a family or community. For **dogs will eat** see 21:19, 23. Translate **Anyone who belongs to Ahab and dies in the city, the dogs will eat** to mean the dogs will eat the bodies of Ahab's family members who die in the city.
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[^ ]: **21:24** **Anyone who belongs to Ahab and dies in the city, the dogs will eat** (**L**: *The one of Ahab who dies in the city, the dogs shall eat* | **S**: *The dead bodies of the members of your family who die in this city will not be buried. They will be eaten by dogs*). The dogs will eat the bodies of Ahab's family members who die in the city. Ahab's family members will die shameful and dishonorable deaths. When people murder, deceive or steal, it causes them to experience shame that can affect others in a family or community. For **dogs will eat**, see 21:19, 23. Translate **Anyone who belongs to Ahab and dies in the city, the dogs will eat** to mean the dogs will eat the bodies of Ahab's family members who die in the city.
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[^ ]: **21:24** **the birds of the sky will eat anyone who dies in the field** (**L**: *the one who dies in the field, the bird of the heavens shall eat* | **S**: *They will be eaten by dogs, and the bodies of those who die in the fields will be eaten by vultures*) Birds eating dead bodies in the field would be disgraceful and shameful like dogs eating dead bodies lying on the ground. See note on 21:19, 23.
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[^ ]: **21:25** **There was no one like Ahab** (**L**: *there was not one like Ahab* | **S**: *There was no man like Ahab*) Ahab was very evil. All people are sinful and do evil things. Some people extremely evil things. All people are sinners and need God's forgiveness. Translate **There was no one like Ahab** to mean Ahab very many evil things more than other people.
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[^ ]: **21:25** **There was no one like Ahab** (**L**: *there was not one like Ahab* | **S**: *There was no man like Ahab*). Ahab was very evil. All people are sinful and do evil things. Some people do extremely evil things. All people are sinners and need God's forgiveness. Translate **There was no one like Ahab** to mean Ahab very many evil things more than other people.
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[^ ]: **21:25** **who sold himself to do what was evil in the sight of Yahweh** (**L**: *who sold himself by doing the evil thing in the eyes of Yahweh* | **S**: *who gave himself as completely to do things that Yahweh said were evil*) See note on 21:20.
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[^ ]: **21:25** **whom Jezebel his wife incited to sin** (**L**: *he whom Jezebel his wife incited* | **S**: *his wife Jezebel urged him to do many of those things*) Jezebel persuaded Ahab to do evil things. The word **incited** means to mislead someone to do something wrong. It is important to have relationships with godly people. We need to be cautious that our relationships with others do not lead us to sin. Translate **whom Jezebel his wife incited to sin** to mean King Ahab's wife Jezebel mislead Ahab and caused him to disobey God.
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[^ ]: **21:25** **whom Jezebel his wife incited to sin** (**L**: *he whom Jezebel his wife incited* | **S**: *his wife Jezebel urged him to do many of those things*) Jezebel persuaded Ahab to do evil things. The word **incited** means to mislead someone to do something wrong. It is important to have relationships with godly people. We need to be cautious that our relationships with others do not lead us to sin. Translate **whom Jezebel his wife incited to sin** to mean King Ahab's wife, Jezebel misled Ahab and caused him to disobey God.
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[^ ]: **21:26** **Ahab did disgusting deeds for the idols he followed** (**L**: *he acted very abominably by walking after the idols* | **S**: *The most disgusting thing that Ahab did was to worship idols*) Ahab did very evil things by worshiping idols. The word **disgusting** describes something that is detestable and distasteful. By worshipping idols, Ahab was led to do very evil things. Worshiping false gods leads people to act in evil ways. Translate **Ahab did disgusting deeds for the idols he followed** to mean Ahab worshiped false gods and did things that were extremely detestable.
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[^ ]: **21:26** **Ahab did disgusting deeds for the idols he followed** (**L**: *he acted very abominably by walking after the idols* | **S**: *The most disgusting thing that Ahab did was to worship idols*) Ahab did very evil things by worshiping idols. The word **disgusting** describes something detestable and distasteful. By worshipping idols, Ahab was led to do very evil things. Worshiping false gods leads people to act in evil ways. Translate **Ahab did disgusting deeds for the idols he followed** to mean that Ahab worshiped false gods and did extremely detestable things.
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[^ ]: **21:26** **those whom Yahweh had removed before the people of Israel** (**L**: *whom Yahweh had dispossessed from the face of the sons of Israel* | **S**: *that is why Yahweh took their land from them and gave it to the Israelites*) God allowed took the Amorites out of the land of Israel. The Amorites worshiped false gods and God removed them from the land. In this context, the word **removed** means to dispossess or to drive a people out of land so that they no longer possess that land. Sometimes God removes possessions from people as a form of judgment. Translate **those whom Yahweh had removed before the people of Israel** to mean God took the land from the Amorites and gave the land to the Israelites.
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[^ ]: **21:26** **those whom Yahweh had removed before the people of Israel** (**L**: *whom Yahweh had dispossessed from the face of the sons of Israel* | **S**: *that is why Yahweh took their land from them and gave it to the Israelites*) God allowed took the Amorites out of the land of Israel. The Amorites worshiped false gods, and God removed them from the land. In this context, the word **removed** means to dispossess or drive a people out of the land so they no longer possess that land. Sometimes God removes possessions from people as a form of judgment. Translate **those whom Yahweh had removed before the people of Israel** to mean God took the land from the Amorites and gave the land to the Israelites.
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27 When Ahab heard these words, he tore his clothes and put sackcloth on his body and fasted,[^ ] and lay in sackcloth and became very sad. 28 Then the word of Yahweh came to Elijah the Tishbite, saying, 29 "Do you see how Ahab humbles himself before me?[^ ] Because he humbles himself before me, I will not bring the coming disaster in his days;[^ ] it is in his son's day that I will bring disaster on his family."[^ ]
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[^ ]: **21:27** **he tore his clothes and put sackcloth on his body and fasted** (**L**: *he tore his garments and put sackcloth over his flesh and he fasted* | **S**: *Ahab tore his clothes to show that he was sorry for all the sins that he had committed. He put on rough clothes that were made from sacks, and he refused to eat anything.*) When Ahab heard about God's words of judgment, he was extremely sad. **Sackcloth** was a coarse, scratchy type of cloth that was made from goat hair or camel hair. A person who wore clothing made from it would be uncomfortable. Tearing clothes, waring sackcloth, and fasting are actions that show mourning, grief, or humble repentance. When people murder, lie, or steal, God wants them to mourn/grieve their sinful actions, humble themselves, and repent of their sin. Translate **he tore his clothes and put sackcloth on his body and fasted** to mean Ahab was deeply grieved when he heard God's judgment and he showed God his sorrow and repentance of his evil deeds by ripping his clothes, wearing sackcloth, and not eating food.
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[^ ]: **21:27** **he tore his clothes and put sackcloth on his body and fasted** (**L**: *he tore his garments and put sackcloth over his flesh and he fasted* | **S**: *Ahab tore his clothes to show that he was sorry for all the sins that he had committed. He put on rough clothes that were made from sacks, and he refused to eat anything.*) When Ahab heard about God's words of judgment, he was extremely sad. **Sackcloth** was a coarse, scratchy type of cloth that was made from goat hair or camel hair. A person who wore clothing made from it would be uncomfortable. Tearing clothes, wearing sackcloth, and fasting are actions that show mourning, grief, or humble repentance. When people murder, lie, or steal, God wants them to mourn/grieve their sinful actions, humble themselves, and repent of their sin. Translate **he tore his clothes and put sackcloth on his body and fasted** to mean Ahab was deeply grieved when he heard God's judgment, and he showed God his sorrow and repentance of his evil deeds by ripping his clothes, wearing sackcloth, and not eating food.
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[^ ]: **21:29** **Do you see how Ahab humbles himself before me?** (**L**: *Have you seen that Ahab has humbled himself from before my face?* | **S**: *I have seen that Ahab is now very sorry for all the evil things that he has done*) When Ahab heard God's judgment, he was not proud. God uses this question to show Elijah that Ahab’s sorrow is genuine. When a person **humbles** himself, he puts himself in a position of submission, lowliness, and respect. If people want to repent of their sin, they need to be humble. Translate **Do you see how Ahab humbles himself before me?** as a question that expresses that Ahab was really humbling himself before God.
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[^ ]: **21:29** **Do you see how Ahab humbles himself before me?** (**L**: *Have you seen that Ahab has humbled himself from before my face?* | **S**: *I have seen that Ahab is now very sorry for all the evil things that he has done*). When Ahab heard God's judgment, he was not proud. God uses this question to show Elijah that Ahab’s sorrow is genuine. When a person **humbles** himself, he puts himself in a position of submission, lowliness, and respect. If people want to repent of their sin, they need to be humble. Translate **Do you see how Ahab humbles himself before me?** as a question that expresses that Ahab was really humbling himself before God.
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[^ ]: **21:29** **I will not bring the coming disaster in his days** (**L**: *I will not bring the evil thing in his days* | **S**: *the things that I promised to do to his family will not happen while he is still alive*) God decided to postpone his judgment on Ahab's family. In this context, the phrase **in his days** refers to the time Ahab was alive. When people genuinely and humbly repent of their sin, God is gracious to forgive them of their sin. Translate **I will not bring the coming disaster in his days** to mean God decided not to destroy Ahab's family while Ahab is still alive.
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[^ ]: **21:29** **I will not bring the coming disaster in his days** (**L**: *I will not bring the evil thing in his days* | **S**: *the things that I promised to do to his family will not happen while he is still alive*) God decided to postpone his judgment on Ahab's family. In this context, the phrase **in his days** refers to when Ahab was alive. When people genuinely and humbly repent of their sin, God is gracious to forgive them of their sin. Translate **I will not bring the coming disaster in his days** to mean God decided not to destroy Ahab's family while Ahab is still alive.
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[^ ]: **21:29** **it is in his son's day that I will bring disaster on his family** (**L**: *In the days of his son I will bring the evil thing on his house* | **S**: *I will cause them to happen after his son becomes king. Then those things will happen to his family.*) God postponed his judgement on Ahab's family until the time of Ahab's son. The phrase **in his son's day** refers to the time when Ahab's son was alive. Even though God forgives sin, there are still consequences for sinful actions that can affect other people around us. When God forgives the sins of people who believe in Jesus, they are completely forgiven. Although they may experience painful consequences for sin during this life, believers will not be punished after this life. Translate **it is in his son's day that I will bring disaster on his family** to mean God will destroy Ahab's family as judgment for Ahab's evil deeds during the period of time Ahab's son was alive.
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[^ ]: **21:29** **it is in his son's day that I will bring disaster on his family** (**L**: *In the days of his son I will bring the evil thing on his house* | **S**: *I will cause them to happen after his son becomes king. Then those things will happen to his family.*) God postponed his judgment on Ahab's family until the time of Ahab's son. The phrase **in his son's day** refers to when Ahab's son was alive. Even though God forgives sin, there are still consequences for sinful actions that can affect other people around us. When God forgives the sins of people who believe in Jesus, they are completely forgiven. Although they may experience painful consequences for sin during this life, believers will not be punished after this life. Translate **it is in his son's day that I will bring disaster on his family** to mean God will destroy Ahab's family as judgment for Ahab's evil deeds during the period of time Ahab's son was alive.
|
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9:1 Elisha the prophet called one of the sons of the prophets[^ ] and said to him, "Dress for travel,[^ ] then take this little bottle of oil in your hand and go to Ramoth Gilead.[^ ] 2 When you arrive, look for Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi, and go in and make him arise up from among his companions,[^ ] and conduct him to an inner chamber.[^ ] 3 Then take the bottle of oil and pour it on his head[^ ] and say, 'Yahweh says this: "I have anointed you king over Israel."'[^ ] Then open the door, and run off; do not delay."[^ ] 4 So the young man, the young prophet, went to Ramoth Gilead. 5 When he arrived, behold, the captains of the army were sitting.[^ ] So the young prophet said, "I have a message for you, captain." Jehu replied, "To which of us?" The young prophet answered, "To you, captain." 6 So Jehu arose and went into the house, and the prophet poured the oil on his head and said to Jehu, "Yahweh, the God of Israel, says this: 'I have anointed you king over the people of Yahweh, over Israel.[^ ] 7 You must kill the family of Ahab your master,[^ ] so that I may avenge the blood of my servants the prophets[^ ], and the blood of all the servants of Yahweh,[^ ] who were murdered by the hand of Jezebel.[^ ] 8 For the whole family of Ahab will perish,[^ ] and I will cut off from Ahab every male child,[^ ] whether he is a slave or a free person.[^ ] 9 I will make the house of Ahab like the house of Jeroboam son of Nebat and like the house of Baasha son of Ahijah.[^ ] 10 The dogs will eat Jezebel in Jezreel,[^ ] and there will be no one to bury her.'"[^ ] Then the prophet opened the door and ran off.[^ ]
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|
||||
[^ ]: **9:1** **the sons of the prophets** (**L**: *the sons of the prophets* | **S**: *one of the other prophets*) Elisha was a prophet. He commanded another prophet to anoint Jehu king of Israel. The phrase **the sons of the prophets** does not mean that they were actually sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. God appointed leaders to deliver his messages to others. Translate **the sons of the prophets** to mean the group of prophets.
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[^ ]: **9:1** **the sons of the prophets** (**L**: *the sons of the prophets* | **S**: *one of the other prophets*). Elisha was a prophet. He commanded another prophet to anoint Jehu, king of Israel. The phrase **the sons of the prophets** does not mean that they were actually sons of prophets, but rather that they were a group of prophets. God appointed leaders to deliver his messages to others. Translate **the sons of the prophets** to mean the group of prophets.
|
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[^ ]: **9:1** **Dress for travel** (**L**: *Gird up your loins* | **S**: *Get ready*) Elisha instructed the other prophet to prepare himself to go on a journey. The term means to fasten something around something else. It often refers to using a belt or sash around the waist to keep a robe or tunic in place. By tucking the bottom of a garment into a belt, a person can move more freely. God's servants must be prepared to go where God sends them and to do the work God wants them to do. Translate **Dress for travel** as a command to prepare oneself for a journey by placing a garment into a belt so a person can travel with ease.
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[^ ]: **9:1** **Dress for travel** (**L**: *Gird up your loins* | **S**: *Get ready*). Elisha instructed the other prophet to prepare himself to go on a journey. The term means to fasten something around something else. It often refers to using a belt or sash around the waist to keep a robe or tunic in place. A person can move more freely by tucking the bottom of a garment into a belt. God's servants must be prepared to go where God sends them and to do the work God wants them to do. Translate **Dress for travel** as a command to prepare oneself for a journey by placing a garment into a belt so a person can travel with ease.
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[^ ]: **9:1** **take this little bottle of oil in your hand and go to Ramoth Gilead** (**L**: *take this flask of oil in your hand and go to Ramoth Gilead* | **S**: *go to the city of Ramoth in the region of Gilead. Take this jar of olive oil with you*) Elisha instructed the other prophet to bring a small container of oil with him on his journey to Ramoth Gliead. The prophet would use this oil to anoint Jehu as king of Israel. Translate **take this little bottle of oil in your hand and go to Ramoth Gilead** as a command for the prophet to bring a small jar of oil with him as he traveled to the city of Ramoth Gilead.
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[^ ]: **9:1** **take this little bottle of oil in your hand and go to Ramoth Gilead** (**L**: *take this flask of oil in your hand and go to Ramoth Gilead* | **S**: *go to the city of Ramoth in the region of Gilead. Take this jar of olive oil with you*) Elisha instructed the other prophet to bring a small container of oil with him on his journey to Ramoth Gilead. The prophet would use this oil to anoint Jehu as king of Israel. Translate **take this little bottle of oil in your hand and go to Ramoth Gilead** as a command for the prophet to bring a small jar of oil with him as he traveled to the city of Ramoth Gilead.
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[^ ]: **9:2** **go in and make him arise up from among his companions** (**L**: *you must go in and you must make him rise up from the midst of his brothers* | **S**: *Go with him away from his companions*) Elisha instructed the prophet to tell Jehu to go away from the others who were around him. The **companions** were the people with whom Jehu was sitting. Translate **go in and make him arise up from among his companions** as an instruction for the prophet to have Jehu leave the other people who were sitting next to him.
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[^ ]: **9:2** **go in and make him arise up from among his companions** (**L**: *you must go in and you must make him rise up from the midst of his brothers* | **S**: *Go with him away from his companions*). Elisha instructed the prophet to tell Jehu to go away from the others around him. The **companions** were the people with whom Jehu was sitting. Translate **go in and make him arise up from among his companions** as an instruction for the prophet to have Jehu leave the other people sitting next to him.
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[^ ]: **9:2** **conduct him to an inner chamber** (**L**: *you must bring him to a room within a room* | **S**: *bring him inside an inner room*) Elisha instructed the other prophet to take Jehu into a room where there were no other people. The word **conduct** means to lead or bring someone to a place. The word **inner chamber** refers to a private room. Translate **conduct him to an inner chamber** as a command to bring Jehu into a private room.
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[^ ]: **9:2** **conduct him to an inner chamber** (**L**: *you must bring him to a room within a room* | **S**: *bring him inside an inner room*). Elisha instructed the other prophet to take Jehu into a room where there were no other people. The word **conduct** means to lead or bring someone to a place. The word **inner chamber** refers to a private room. Translate **conduct him to an inner chamber** as a command to bring Jehu into a private room.
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[^ ]: **9:3** **take the bottle of oil and pour it on his head** (**L**: *you must take the flask of oil and you must pour out over his head* | **S**: *pour some of this oil on his head*) Elisha instructed the other prophet to pour oil on Jehu's head. In the Old Testament, this act was a symbol that God selected a person for a specific work that he wanted him to do. Translate **take the bottle of oil and pour it on his head** to mean tilt the jar of oil and have it come out on top of the head of Jehu.
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[^ ]: **9:3** **take the bottle of oil and pour it on his head** (**L**: *you must take the flask of oil and you must pour out over his head* | **S**: *pour some of this oil on his head*). Elisha instructed the other prophet to pour oil on Jehu's head. In the Old Testament, this act symbolized that God selected a person for a specific work that he wanted him to do. Translate **take the bottle of oil and pour it on his head**, to mean tilt the jar of oil and have it come out on top of the head of Jehu.
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[^ ]: **9:3** **I have anointed you king over Israel** (**L**: *I have anointed you as king over Israel* | **S**: *Yahweh declares that he is appointing you to be the king of Israel*) Elisha instructed the other prophet to tell Jehu that he anointed him to be Israel's king. The term **anointed** means to rub or pour oil on a person or object. Sometimes the oil was mixed with spices, giving it a sweet, perfumed smell. In the Old Testament, priests, kings, and prophets were anointed with oil to set them apart for special service to God. Translate **I have anointed you king over Israel** to mean the prophet poured oil on Jehu's head to symbolized that God selected Jehu to be Israel's next king.
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[^ ]: **9:3** **I have anointed you king over Israel** (**L**: *I have anointed you as king over Israel* | **S**: *Yahweh declares that he is appointing you to be the king of Israel*) Elisha instructed the other prophet to tell Jehu that he anointed him to be Israel's king. The term **anointed** means to rub or pour oil on a person or object. Sometimes the oil was mixed with spices, giving it a sweet, aromatic smell. In the Old Testament, priests, kings, and prophets were anointed with oil to set them apart for special service to God. Translate **I have anointed you king over Israel** to mean the prophet poured oil on Jehu's head to symbolize that God selected Jehu as Israel's next king.
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[^ ]: **9:3** **open the door, and run off; do not delay** (**L**: *you must open the door, and you must flee; you must not tarry* | **S**: *open the door and run away as quickly as you can*) Elisha instructed the other prophet to run away quickly after he anointed Jehu. Anointing Jehu was a dangerous act. Perhaps not all of the other companions sitting by Jehu would be in favor of Jehu's selection to be king. When God calls his people to a special work, there are times that it is a dangerous work. It takes faith to trust God to do the work he calls them to do. Translate **open the door, and run off; do not delay** as a command to open the door to a room and immediately run away quickly.
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[^ ]: **9:3** **open the door, and run off; do not delay** (**L**: *you must open the door, and you must flee; you must not tarry* | **S**: *open the door and run away as quickly as you can*) Elisha instructed the other prophet to run away quickly after he anointed Jehu. Anointing Jehu was a dangerous act. Perhaps not all of the other companions sitting by Jehu would favor Jehu's selection to be king. When God calls his people to a special work, there are times that it is dangerous work. It takes faith to trust God to do the work he calls them to do. Translate **open the door, and run off; do not delay** as a command to open the door to a room and immediately run away quickly.
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[^ ]: **9:5** **the captains of the army were sitting** (**L**: *the princes of the army were sitting* | **S**: *the commanders of the army were having a conference*) Military commanders were meeting together. In this context, the term **captains** refers to important leaders of a group of soldiers. Jehu was sitting among the captains. Translate **the captains of the army were sitting** to mean Jehu and some other army officers were sitting together.
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[^ ]: **9:5** **the captains of the army were sitting** (**L**: *the princes of the army were sitting* | **S**: *the commanders of the army were having a conference*). Military commanders were meeting together. In this context, the term **captains** refers to the important leaders of a group of soldiers. Jehu was sitting among the captains. Translate **the captains of the army were sitting** to mean Jehu, and some other army officers were sitting together.
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[^ ]: **9:6** **I have anointed you king over the people of Yahweh, over Israel** (**L**: *I have anointed you as king over the people of Yahweh, over Israel* | **S**: *I am appointing you to be the king of my Israelite people*) See note on 9:3.
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[^ ]: **9:6** **I have anointed you king over the people of Yahweh, over Israel** (**L**: *I have anointed you as king over the people of Yahweh, over Israel* | **S**: *I am appointing you to be the king of my Israelite people*). See note on 9:3.
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[^ ]: **9:7** **You must kill the family of Ahab your master** (**L**: *you must strike down the house of Ahab, your master* | **S**: *you must kill your master King Joram son of Ahab*) The young prophet announces that Jehu will kill Ahab's family. This act would fulfill the prophecy in 1 Kings 21:21. God will judge acts of murder and theft. Translate **You must kill the family of Ahab your master** to mean Jehu will kill the males in King Ahab's family.
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[^ ]: **9:7** **so that I may avenge the blood of my servants the prophets** (**L**: *that I may avenge the bloods of my servants, the prophets* | **S**: *because many of my prophets were murdered*) The reason God wanted Jehu to kill Ahab's family was to take revenge for the killing of God's prophets. In this context, the **blood** of the prophets and the servants refers to their deaths. Ahab's wife Jezebel was responsible for killing the prophets (see 1 Kings 18:4). God will justly/fairly punish people for violence done against others. Translate **so that I may avenge the blood of my servants the prophets** to mean the reason God wanted Jehu to kill Ahab's family was to punish them for murdering my servants God's prophets.
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[^ ]: **9:7** **so that I may avenge the blood of my servants the prophets** (**L**: *that I may avenge the bloods of my servants, the prophets* | **S**: *because many of my prophets were murdered*) The reason God wanted Jehu to kill Ahab's family was to take revenge for the killing of God's prophets. In this context, the **blood** of the prophets and the servants refers to their deaths. Ahab's wife, Jezebel was responsible for killing the prophets (see 1 Kings 18:4). God will justly/fairly punish people for violence against others. Translate **so that I may avenge the blood of my servants the prophets** to mean the reason God wanted Jehu to kill Ahab's family was to punish them for murdering my servants, God's prophets.
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[^ ]: **9:7** **the blood of all the servants of Yahweh** (**L**: *the bloods of all the servants of Yahweh* | **S**: *other people who served me*) See note on 9:7.
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[^ ]: **9:7** **who were murdered by the hand of Jezebel** (**L**: *by the hand of Jezebel* | **S**: *by Ahab's wife Jezebel*) Jezebel instructed people to kill God's prophets. The term **by the hand of Jezebel** means that Jezebel commanded the people to be killed. When people use their authority to have other people killed, they are responsible for those crimes. God will judge people for killing God's servants and for using authority to do violence to others. Translate **who were murdered by the hand of Jezebel** to mean Jezebel commanded her servants to kill prophets who served God.
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[^ ]: **9:7** **who were murdered by the hand of Jezebel** (**L**: *by the hand of Jezebel* | **S**: *by Ahab's wife Jezebel*). Jezebel instructed people to kill God's prophets. The term **by the hand of Jezebel** means that Jezebel commanded the people to be killed. When people use their authority to have other people killed, they are responsible for those crimes. God will judge people for killing God's servants and using authority to do violence to others. Translate **who were murdered by the hand of Jezebel** to mean Jezebel commanded her servants to kill prophets who served God.
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[^ ]: **9:8** **the whole family of Ahab will perish** (**L**: *all of the house of Ahab will perish* | **S**: *you must kill not only Joram but all of Ahab’s family*) Ahab's family line will come to an end. By killing the male children in Ahab's household, his lineage will not continue into future generations. Ahab's sins brought judgment and punishment on his family. When people murder and steal, they are causing harm to their family and future generations. Translate **the whole family of Ahab will perish** to mean Ahab's family line will come to an end.
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[^ ]: **9:8** **the whole family of Ahab will perish** (**L**: *all of the house of Ahab will perish* | **S**: *you must kill not only Joram but all of Ahab’s family*). Ahab's family line will come to an end. By killing the male children in Ahab's household, his lineage will not continue into future generations. Ahab's sins brought judgment and punishment to his family. When people murder and steal, they are causing harm to their families and future generations. Translate **the whole family of Ahab will perish** to mean Ahab's family line will come to an end.
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[^ ]: **9:8** **I will cut off from Ahab every male child** (**L**: *I will exterminate from Ahab anyone who urinates on a wall* | **S**: *I want to get rid of every male in the family*) God caused Ahab's sons to die. In this context, the term **cut off** means to be killed. The term translated **male child** in Hebrew literally means a person who urinates on a wall. This is a way of describing a male. God would judge Ahab and his family. This judgment would include killing Ahab's sons. Translate **I will cut off from Ahab every male child** to mean every member of Ahab's family will die, including every male child.
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[^ ]: **9:8** **I will cut off from Ahab every male child** (**L**: *I will exterminate from Ahab anyone who urinates on a wall* | **S**: *I want to get rid of every male in the family*). God caused Ahab's sons to die. In this context, the term **cut off** means to be killed. The term translated **male child** in Hebrew literally means a person who urinates on a wall. This is a way of describing a male. God would judge Ahab and his family. This judgment would include killing Ahab's sons. Translate **I will cut off from Ahab every male child** to mean every member of Ahab's family will die, including every male child.
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[^ ]: **9:8** **whether he is a slave or a free person** (**L**: *so he is shut off and is abandoned in Israel* | **S**: *including young ones and old ones*) See note on 1 Kings 21:21. Ahab's sons would all be killed. This phrase describes the death of all of Ahab's sons. This God's judgment over evil and sin will be complete and total. Translate **whether he is a slave or a free person** to mean all of Ahab's male children will be killed.
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[^ ]: **9:8** **whether he is a slave or a free person** (**L**: *so he is shut off and is abandoned in Israel* | **S**: *including young ones and old ones*) See note on 1 Kings 21:21. Ahab's sons would all be killed. This phrase describes the death of all of Ahab's sons. This God's judgment over evil and sin will be complete and total. Translate **whether he is a slave or a free person** to mean all Ahab's male children will be killed.
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[^ ]: **9:9** **I will make the house of Ahab like the house of Jeroboam son of Nebat and like the house of Baasha son of Ahijah** (**L**: *I will give up the house of Ahab as the house of Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, and as the house of Baasha, the son of Ahijah* | **S**: *I will get rid of Ahab’s family, like I got rid of the families of two other kings of Israel, Jeroboam and Baasha*) See note on 1 Kings 21:22.
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[^ ]: **9:10** **The dogs will eat Jezebel in Jezreel** (**L**: *the dogs will eat Jezebel in the territory of Jezreel* | **S**: *dogs will eat Jezebel's corpse there in the city of Jezreel*) See note on 1 Kings 21:23.
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[^ ]: **9:10** **there will be no one to bury her** (**L**: *there will be no burying* | **S**: *when Jezebel dies, her corpse will not be buried*) Jezebel will die a very shameful death. When she dies, no one will bury her body. This increases the shame of her death. God will bring punishment and shame upon people who do not repent of their sins of murder and theft. Translate **there will be no one to bury her** to mean no person will bury Jezebel's dead body.
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[^ ]: **9:10** **there will be no one to bury her** (**L**: *there will be no burying* | **S**: *when Jezebel dies, her corpse will not be buried*). Jezebel will die a very shameful death. When she dies, no one will bury her body. This increases the shame of her death. God will bring punishment and shame upon people who do not repent of their sins of murder and theft. Translate **there will be no one to bury her** to mean no person will bury Jezebel's dead body.
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[^ ]: **9:10** **the prophet opened the door and ran off** (**L**: *he opened the door and he fled* | **S**: *he left the room and ran*) See note on 2 Kings 9:3.
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[^ ]: **9:10** **the prophet opened the door and ran off** (**L**: *he opened the door and he fled* | **S**: *he left the room and ran*). See note on 2 Kings 9:3.
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11 Then Jehu came out to the servants of his master, and one said to him, "Is everything alright? Why did this mad fellow come to you?"[^ ] Jehu answered them, "You know the man and the kinds of things he says."[^ ] 12 They said, "That is a lie. Tell us." Jehu answered, "He said this and that to me, and he also said, 'This is what Yahweh says: I have anointed you as king over Israel.'"[^ ] 13 Then each of them quickly took off his outer garment and put it under Jehu at the top of the steps.[^ ] They blew the trumpet[^ ] and said, "Jehu is king."
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[^ ]: **9:11** **Why did this mad fellow come to you?** (**L**: *Why did this one who is mad come to you?* | **S**: *Why did that mad fellow come to you?*) Ahab's servants thought that the prophet was a crazy person. They asked Jehu why the prophet came to him. The term **mad fellow** refers to someone who is not in their right mind. It takes courage to follow God's will. When God's servants do what God asks them to do, other people may think that they are crazy or mad. Translate **Why did this mad fellow come to you?** as a question that asks why a crazy prophet visited Jehu?
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[^ ]: **9:11** **Why did this mad fellow come to you?** (**L**: *Why did this one who is mad come to you?* | **S**: *Why did that mad fellow come to you?*) Ahab's servants thought that the prophet was a crazy person. They asked Jehu why the prophet came to him. The term **mad fellow** refers to someone who is not in their right mind. It takes courage to follow God's will. When God's servants do what God asks, other people may think they are crazy or mad. Translate **Why did this mad fellow come to you?** as a question that asks why a crazy prophet visited Jehu?
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[^ ]: **9:11* **You know the man and the kinds of things he says** (**L**: *You know the man and his babbling* | **S**: *You know what kinds of things young prophets like him say*) Jehu told Ahab's servants that the prophet said things that are typical of such prophets. Jehu said that the kinds of things young prophets generally say are familiar. Translate **You know the man and the kinds of things he says** to mean the servants generally know what kinds of things young prophets like him say.
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[^ ]: **9:12** **I have anointed you as king over Israel** (**L**: *I have anointed you as king over Israel* | **S**: *I am appointing you to be the king of Israel*) See note on 9:3.
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[^ ]: **9:13** **each of them quickly took off his outer garment and put it under Jehu at the top of the steps** (**L**: *each one his garment and they set beneath him at the top of the steps* | **S**: *they all spread their cloaks on the steps of the building for Jehu to walk out on*) Ahab's servants recognized Jehu as the next king. In this culture, putting clothing on the ground was a way of honoring the king, so that his feet would not touch the dirty ground. Translate **each of them quickly took off his outer garment and put it under Jehu at the top of the steps** to mean Ahab's servants honored and recognized Jehu as king by quickly removing their outer clothes and placing them in front of Jehu for him to walk on.
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[^ ]: **9:13** **each of them quickly took off his outer garment and put it under Jehu at the top of the steps** (**L**: *each one his garment and they set beneath him at the top of the steps* | **S**: *they all spread their cloaks on the steps of the building for Jehu to walk out on*) Ahab's servants recognized Jehu as the next king. In this culture, putting clothing on the ground was a way of honoring the king so that his feet would not touch the dirty ground. Translate **each of them quickly took off his outer garment and put it under Jehu at the top of the steps** to mean Ahab's servants honored and recognized Jehu as king by quickly removing their outer clothes and placing them in front of Jehu for him to walk on.
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[^ ]: **9:13** **They blew the trumpet** (**L**: *they blew with the shofar* | **S**: *they blew trumpets*) Someone played the trumpet in order to announce that Jehu was king. The term **trumpet** refers to an instrument for producing music or for calling people to gather together for an announcement or meeting. A trumpet was commonly made from either metal, seashell, or an animal horn. In this context, they announced that Jehu is king. Not every man blew a trumpet. It is likely only one man blew a trumpet. Translate **They blew the trumpet** to mean someone played a loud musical instrument called a trumpet to make a special public announcement that Jehu was appointed as Israel's new king.
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[^ ]: **9:13** **They blew the trumpet** (**L**: *they blew with the shofar* | **S**: *they blew trumpets*). Someone played the trumpet to announce that Jehu was king. The term **trumpet** refers to an instrument for producing music or calling people to gather together for an announcement or meeting. A trumpet was commonly made from either metal, seashell, or an animal horn. In this context, they announced that Jehu was king. Not every man blew a trumpet. It is likely only one man blew a trumpet. Translate **They blew the trumpet** to mean someone played a loud musical instrument called a trumpet to make a special public announcement that Jehu was appointed as Israel's new king.
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14 In this way Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi conspired against Joram.[^ ] Now Joram had been defending Ramoth Gilead, he and all Israel, because of Hazael king of Aram, 15 but King Joram had gone back to Jezreel to be healed of the wounds that the Arameans had given him,[^ ] when he had fought against Hazael king of Aram. Jehu said to the servants of Joram, "If this is your opinion, then let no one escape and go out of the city,[^ ] in order to go tell this news in Jezreel." 16 So Jehu rode in a chariot to Jezreel; for Joram was resting there. Now Ahaziah king of Judah had come down to see Joram.
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[^ ]: **9:14** **Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi conspired against Joram** (**L**: *Jehu, the son of Jehoshaphat, the son of Nimshi, plotted together against Joram* | **S**: *Jehu made plans to kill Joram*) Jehu made a plan to kill Ahab's son Joram. The word **conspired** means to devise a secret plan to do someone harm. Translate **Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi conspired against Joram** to mean Jehu was the son of Jehoshaphat and grandson of Nimshi and Jehu designed a secret plot to kill Ahab's son Joram.
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[^ ]: **9:14** **Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi conspired against Joram** (**L**: *Jehu, the son of Jehoshaphat, the son of Nimshi, plotted together against Joram* | **S**: *Jehu made plans to kill Joram*) Jehu made a plan to kill Ahab's son Joram. The word **conspired** means to devise a secret plan to do someone harm. Translate **Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi conspired against Joram** to mean Jehu was the son of Jehoshaphat and grandson of Nimshi, and Jehu designed a secret plot to kill Ahab's son Joram.
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[^ ]: **9:15** **King Joram had gone back to Jezreel to be healed of the wounds that the Arameans had given him** (**L**: *Joram the king had returned in order to get healed in Jezreel of the wounds that Arameans had stricken* | **S**: *King Joram had returned to the city of Jezreel, to recover from being wounded in the battle against the army of Hazael, the king of Aram*) Ahab's son Joram was injured in battle against the Arameans. Joram returned to Jezreel to recover from his injuries. Translate **King Joram had gone back to Jezreel to be healed of the wounds that the Arameans had given him** to mean Joram returned to Jezreel to recover from the wounds he received when he was fighting against the Arameans.
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[^ ]: **9:15** **If this is your opinion, then let no one escape and go out of the city** (**L**: *If it is your mindset, let not an escapee go out of the city* | **S**: *If you really want to help me, then make sure that no one leaves this city*) Jehu wanted people to not leave the city. In this context, the phrase **if this is your opinion** refers to people who are supportive of Jehu being king. Translate **If this is your opinion, then let no one escape and go out of the city** to mean that those who agree with Jehu being Israel's king should not leave the city.
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[^ ]: **9:15** **If this is your opinion, then let no one escape and go out of the city** (**L**: *If it is your mindset, let not an escapee go out of the city* | **S**: *If you really want to help me, then make sure that no one leaves this city*). Jehu wanted people to stay in the city. In this context, the phrase **if this is your opinion** refers to people who support Jehu being king. Translate **If this is your opinion, then let no one escape and go out of the city** to mean that those who agree with Jehu being Israel's king should not leave the city.
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17 The watchman was standing on the tower in Jezreel,[^ ] and he saw the company of Jehu as he came at a distance; he said, "I see a group of men coming." Joram said, "Take a horseman, and send him out to meet them; tell him to say, 'Are you coming in peace?'"[^ ] 18 So a man was sent on horseback to meet him; he said, "The king says this: 'Are coming in peace?'" So Jehu said, "What have you to do with peace?[^ ] Turn and ride behind me."[^ ] Then the watchman told the king, "The messenger has met them, but he is not coming back." 19 Then he sent out a second man on horseback, who came to them and said, "The king says this: 'Are you coming in peace?'" Jehu answered, "What have you to do with peace? Turn and ride behind me." 20 Again the watchman reported, "He has met them, but he is not coming back. For the way that the chariot is being driven is the way that Jehu son of Nimshi drives;[^ ] he is driving wildly."[^ ]
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@ -254,29 +254,29 @@ At the brink of King David’s death, First and Second Kings chronicles the reig
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[^ ]: **9:18** **What have you to do with peace?** (**L**: *What is there for you and for peace?* | **S**: *This is not the time for you to be concerned about peace!*) Jehu said that the watchman did not need to know Jehu's intentions. Jehu used this question to tell the messenger that it was none of his concern if he came in peace or not. Translate **What have you to do with peace?** as a question that expresses it is not for the guard to know if Jehu had come in peace.
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[^ ]: **9:18** **Turn and ride behind me** (**L**: *Turn around to follow after me* | **S**: *Turn around and come behind me!*) Jehu did not answer the watchman. The watchman told King Joram that the man he sent out is not coming back with a reply to the king's question. Instead, Jehu told the messenger to join the rest of the soldiers in an attack against Jezreel. Translate **Turn and ride behind me** as a command for the Jehu's messenger to ride his horse behind Jehu as they launch an attack.
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[^ ]: **9:18** **Turn and ride behind me** (**L**: *Turn around to follow after me* | **S**: *Turn around and come behind me!*) Jehu did not answer the watchman. The watchman told King Joram that the man he sent out was not coming back with a reply to the king's question. Instead, Jehu told the messenger to join the rest of the soldiers in an attack against Jezreel. Translate **Turn and ride behind me** as a command for the Jehu's messenger to ride his horse behind Jehu as they launch an attack.
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[^ ]: **9:20** **the way that the chariot is being driven is the way that Jehu son of Nimshi drives** (**L**: *the driving is as the driving of Jehu, the son of Nimshi* | **S**: *the leader of the group must be Jehu son of Nimshi*) The watchman reported that the person driving the chariot drove it like Jehu. Jehu must have developed some reputation for how he drove his chariot. The watchman noticed this way of driving and thought it was Jehu. Translate **the way that the chariot is being driven is the way that Jehu son of Nimshi drives** to mean the person who drove the horse and chariot drove it like Jehu drives it.
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[^ ]: **9:20** **the way that the chariot is being driven is the way that Jehu son of Nimshi drives** (**L**: *the driving is as the driving of Jehu, the son of Nimshi* | **S**: *the leader of the group must be Jehu son of Nimshi*). The watchman reported that the person driving the chariot drove it like Jehu. Jehu must have developed some reputation for how he drove his chariot. The watchman noticed this way of driving and thought it was Jehu. Translate **the way that the chariot is being driven is the way that Jehu son of Nimshi drives** to mean the person who drove the horse and chariot drove it how Jehu drives it.
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[^ ]: **9:20** **he is driving wildly** (**L**: *for with madness he drives* | **S**: *because he is driving his chariot furiously, as Jehu does*) The watchman said that it looked like Jehu driving the chariot because the person was driving it wildly. The term **wildly** describes someone who is acting in fury, rage, or madness and not in their right senses. Translate **he is driving wildly** to mean the person driving the chariot is driving it like a mad person.
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[^ ]: **9:20** **he is driving wildly** (**L**: *for with madness he drives* | **S**: *because he is driving his chariot furiously, as Jehu does*). The watchman said it looked like Jehu was driving the chariot because the person was driving it wildly. The term **wildly** describes someone acting in fury, rage, or madness and not in their right senses. Translate **he is driving wildly** to mean the person driving the chariot is driving it like a mad person.
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21 So Joram said, "Get my chariot ready."[^ ] They prepared his chariot, and Joram king of Israel and Ahaziah king of Judah rode out, each in his chariot, to meet Jehu. They found him at the property of Naboth the Jezreelite.[^ ] 22 When Joram saw Jehu, he said, "Are you coming in peace, Jehu?" He answered, "What peace is there,[^ ] when the idolatrous acts of prostitution and witchcraft of your mother Jezebel are so many?"[^ ] 23 So Joram turned his chariot and fled and said to Ahaziah, "There is treachery, Ahaziah."[^ ] 24 Then Jehu drew his bow with his full strength and shot Joram between his shoulders;[^ ] the arrow went through his heart, and he sank down in his chariot.[^ ] 25 Then Jehu said to Bidkar his captain, "Pick him up and throw him in the field of Naboth the Jezreelite.[^ ] Think about how when you and I rode together after Ahab his father, Yahweh placed this prophecy against him: 26 'Yesterday I saw the blood of Naboth and the blood of his sons[^ ]—declares Yahweh—and I will surely make you pay for it on this field[^ ]—declares Yahweh. Now then, pick him up and throw him on this field,[^ ] according to the word of Yahweh."[^ ]
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[^ ]: **9:21** **Get my chariot ready** (**L**: *Get harnessed* | **S**: *Get my chariot ready*) Joram ordered that someone prepare his chariot. Joram planned to ride his chariot toward Jehu. Translate **Get my chariot ready** as a command for someone to prepare Joram's horse and chariot so that he could ride it in battle against Jehu and his army.
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[^ ]: **9:21** **Get my chariot ready** (**L**: *Get harnessed* | **S**: *Get my chariot ready*) Joram ordered that someone prepare his chariot. Joram planned to ride his chariot toward Jehu. Translate **Get my chariot ready** as a command for someone to prepare Joram's horse and chariot so that he could ride it in the battle against Jehu and his army.
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[^ ]: **9:21** **They found him at the property of Naboth the Jezreelite** (**L**: *they found him at the property of Naboth the Jezreelite* | **S**: *they met Jehu at the field that had previously belonged to Naboth*) Joram and Ahaziah met Jehu at the property that belonged to Naboth. God arranged this meeting in order to bring justice and judgment for the sins Ahab and his sons committed. Translate **They found him at the property of Naboth the Jezreelite** to mean Joram and Ahaziah rode their chariots and met Jehu when they arrived at the land in Jezreel that belonged to Naboth.
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[^ ]: **9:21** **They found him at the property of Naboth the Jezreelite** (**L**: *they found him at the property of Naboth the Jezreelite* | **S**: *they met Jehu at the field that had previously belonged to Naboth*). Joram and Ahaziah met Jehu at the property that belonged to Naboth. God arranged this meeting to bring justice and judgment for the sins Ahab and his sons committed. Translate **They found him at the property of Naboth the Jezreelite** to mean Joram and Ahaziah rode their chariots and met Jehu when they arrived at the land in Jezreel that belonged to Naboth.
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[^ ]: **9:22** **What peace is there** (**L**: *Is there peace?* | **S**: *Are you coming to act peacefully toward me?*) Jehu told Joram that he was not coming to Joram peacefully. Jehu used this question to state that his intentions in coming to Jezreel were not for peace, but for judgment. The sinful acts of Ahab and his sons meant they deserved judgment, not peace. Sin disrupts peace in the world. God will judge people for the acts they have committed. Sinners can only find peace with God when they ask God to forgive their sins. Translate **What peace is there** as a question that states that there can be no peace between Jehu and Joram.
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[^ ]: **9:22** **What peace is there** (**L**: *Is there peace?* | **S**: *Are you coming to act peacefully toward me?*) Jehu told Joram that he was not coming to Joram peacefully. Jehu used this question to state that his intentions in coming to Jezreel were not for peace but for judgment. The sinful acts of Ahab and his sons meant they deserved judgment, not peace. Sin disrupts peace in the world. God will judge people for the acts they have committed. Sinners can only find peace with God when they ask God to forgive their sins. Translate **What peace is there** as a question that states that there can be no peace between Jehu and Joram.
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[^ ]: **9:22** **when the idolatrous acts of prostitution and witchcraft of your mother Jezebel are so many** (**L**: *as long as continues the fornications of Jezebel, your mother, and her many sorceries* | **S**: *while you and your people are bowing down to idols and practicing very much witchcraft like your mother Jezebel did*) Jehu told Joram that it was not possible to have peace because Joram's mother Jezebel did many sinful. Jezebel promoted idolatry and witchcraft. The act of worshipping idols is compared to prostitution, an act of sexual immorality. When people worship idols and practice evil deeds, it leads people into more sin. Idolatry is an act of unfaithfulness to God and leads people to commit other sins like robbery and murder. Translate **when the idolatrous acts of prostitution and witchcraft of your mother Jezebel are so many** to mean Joram's mother Jezebel practiced and promoted so much idolatry in the form of prostitution and witchcraft.
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[^ ]: **9:22** **when the idolatrous acts of prostitution and witchcraft of your mother Jezebel are so many** (**L**: *as long as continues the fornications of Jezebel, your mother, and her many sorceries* | **S**: *while you and your people are bowing down to idols and practicing very much witchcraft like your mother Jezebel did*). Jehu told Joram that it was impossible to have peace because Joram's mother, Jezebel, did many sinful things. Jezebel promoted idolatry and witchcraft. The act of worshipping idols is compared to prostitution, an act of sexual immorality. When people worship idols and practice evil deeds, it leads people into more sin. Idolatry is an act of unfaithfulness to God and leads people to commit other sins like robbery and murder. Translate **when the idolatrous acts of prostitution and witchcraft of your mother Jezebel are so many** to mean Joram's mother Jezebel practiced and promoted so much idolatry in the form of prostitution and witchcraft.
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[^ ]: **9:23** **There is treachery, Ahaziah** (**L**: *Treachery, Ahaziah!* | **S**: *Ahaziah, they have deceived us and want to kill us!*) Joram discovered Jehu's intentions were not peaceful. Then, Joram told Ahaziah that Jehu was planning to attack them. The word **treachery** means a secret act of rebellion or disloyalty against a reigning government or king. This act of treachery against Joram was an act of justice and judgment against Ahab and his family. When people sin against others (like robbery or murder), they should expect God to bring upon them painful judgment. Translate **There is treachery, Ahaziah** as a strong statement of surprise that Jehu planned to attack Joram and Ahaziah.
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[^ ]: **9:24** **Jehu drew his bow with his full strength and shot Joram between his shoulders** (**L**: *Jehu filled his hand with the bow and he struck Joram between his arms* | **S**: *Jehu drew his bow with strength and shot an arrow that pierced Joram between his shoulder blades*) Jehu killed Joram with an arrow. The phrase **with his full strength** means Jehu pulled back on his bow as hard as he could. God sent Jehu to perform this act of judgment. Jehu did it with fully determination and commitment. God's judgment on sin will be full and complete. If people do not repent of sin and receive God's forgiveness, they will receive the full strength and power of God's wrath. Translate **Jehu drew his bow with his full strength and shot Joram between his shoulders** to mean Jehu pulled back on his bow with all his power and released the arrow so that it pierced Joram in the upper middle of his back.
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[^ ]: **9:24** **Jehu drew his bow with his full strength and shot Joram between his shoulders** (**L**: *Jehu filled his hand with the bow and he struck Joram between his arms* | **S**: *Jehu drew his bow with strength and shot an arrow that pierced Joram between his shoulder blades*). Jehu killed Joram with an arrow. The phrase **with his full strength** means Jehu pulled back on his bow as hard as possible. God sent Jehu to perform this act of judgment. Jehu did it with full determination and commitment. God's judgment on sin will be full and complete. If people do not repent of sin and receive God's forgiveness, they will receive the full strength and power of God's wrath. Translate **Jehu drew his bow with his full strength and shot Joram between his shoulders** to mean Jehu pulled back on his bow with all his power and released the arrow so that it pierced Joram in the upper middle of his back.
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[^ ]: **9:24** **the arrow went through his heart, and he sank down in his chariot** (**L**: *the arrow went out from his heart, and he sank down in his chariot* | **S**: *the arrow went through Joram’s body and pierced Joram’s heart, and he slumped down dead in his chariot*) Jehu's arrow pierced through Joram's heart. Then, Joram died in his chariot. The phrase **sank down** describes Joram falling down dead in his chariot. God promised to judgment Ahab's house by killing his male children. This act of judgment fulfilled that prophecy in 1 Kings 21:21. Translate **the arrow went through his heart, and he sank down in his chariot** to mean Jehu's arrow pierced Joram's heart and Joram fell down dead in his chariot.
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[^ ]: **9:24** **the arrow went through his heart, and he sank down in his chariot** (**L**: *the arrow went out from his heart, and he sank down in his chariot* | **S**: *the arrow went through Joram’s body and pierced Joram’s heart, and he slumped down dead in his chariot*) Jehu's arrow pierced through Joram's heart. Then, Joram died in his chariot. The phrase **sank down** describes Joram falling down dead in his chariot. God promised to judge Ahab's house by killing his male children. This act of judgment fulfilled that prophecy in 1 Kings 21:21. Translate **the arrow went through his heart, and he sank down in his chariot** to mean Jehu's arrow pierced Joram's heart, and Joram fell down dead in his chariot.
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[^ ]: **9:25** **Pick him up and throw him in the field of Naboth the Jezreelite** (**L**: *Pick up and throw him in the portion of the field of Naboth the Jezreelite* | **S**: *Take his corpse and throw it here into the field that belonged to Naboth*) Jehu commanded his assistant to throw Joram's dead body on the land that Naboth owned. Again, this was an act of justice and judgment. God judged Ahab by killing his son Joram on the very property Ahab stole. Acts of murder and theft result in painful judgment on those who commit these crimes. Translate **Pick him up and throw him in the field of Naboth the Jezreelite** as a command to pick up Joram's dead body and throw it on the land which was owned by Naboth the Jezreelite when he was alive.
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[^ ]: **9:25** **Pick him up and throw him in the field of Naboth the Jezreelite** (**L**: *Pick up and throw him in the portion of the field of Naboth the Jezreelite* | **S**: *Take his corpse and throw it here into the field that belonged to Naboth*). Jehu commanded his assistant to throw Joram's dead body on the land that Naboth owned. Again, this was an act of justice and judgment. God judged Ahab by killing his son Joram on the very property Ahab stole. Acts of murder and theft result in a painful judgment on those who commit these crimes. Translate **Pick him up and throw him in the field of Naboth the Jezreelite** as a command to pick up Joram's dead body and throw it on the land owned by Naboth the Jezreelite when he was alive.
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[^ ]: **9:26** **Yesterday I saw the blood of Naboth and the blood of his sons** (**L**: *have I not seen the blood of Naboth and the blood of his sons yesterday* | **S**: *yesterday I saw Ahab murder Naboth and his sons here*) God knew that Ahab murdered Naboth. In this context, the word **blood** represents the dead body of Naboth. See note on 1 Kings 21:19. Ahab also did violence against Naboth's sons. This could mean that 1) Ahab also killed Naboth's sons or 2) Ahab destroyed Naboth's family line by murdering him. God does not forget crimes of murder or theft. Translate **Yesterday I saw the blood of Naboth and the blood of his sons** to mean God was fully aware that Ahab murdered Naboth and his sons.
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@ -284,39 +284,39 @@ At the brink of King David’s death, First and Second Kings chronicles the reig
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[^ ]: **9:26** **pick him up and throw him on this field** (**L**: *pick up and throw him in the portion* | **S**: *take Joram’s corpse and throw it into that field*) See note on 9:25.
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[^ ]: **9:26** **according to the word of Yahweh** (**L**: *according to the word of Yahweh* | **S**: *to fulfill what Yahweh said would happen*) The judgment against Ahab's family happened the way God said it would happen. God prophesied that he would take judgment on Ahab's family in the place Ahab committed his crime against Naboth. See 1 Kings 21:19, 21, 29. Even if it seems to take a long time, God will judge people for the evil things they have done. Translate **according to the word of Yahweh** to mean God judged Ahab's family exactly the way he said he would.
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[^ ]: **9:26** **according to the word of Yahweh** (**L**: *according to the word of Yahweh* | **S**: *to fulfill what Yahweh said would happen*) The judgment against Ahab's family happened the way God said it would happen. God prophesied that he would take judgment on Ahab's family in the place Ahab committed his crime against Naboth. See 1 Kings 21:19, 21, 29. Even if it seems to take a long time, God will judge people for their evil actions. Translate **according to the word of Yahweh** to mean God judged Ahab's family exactly the way he said he would.
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27 When Ahaziah the king of Judah saw this, he fled up the road to Beth Haggan. But Jehu followed him, and said, "Kill him also in the chariot,"[^ ] and they shot him at the ascent of Gur, which is by Ibleam. Ahaziah fled to Megiddo and died there. 28 His servants carried his body in a chariot to Jerusalem and buried him in his tomb with his fathers in the city of David.[^ ] 29 Now it was in the eleventh year of Joram son of Ahab that Ahaziah had begun to reign over Judah.
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[^ ]: **9:27** **Kill him also in the chariot** (**L**: *strike him down in the chariot* | **S**: *shoot him in his chariot*) Ahaziah tried to flee. Jehu ordered someone to kill Ahaziah. It is possible that Jehu killed Ahaziah because he married Ahab's daughter. Translate **Kill him also in the chariot** as a command to shoot Ahaziah with an arrow while he is in his chariot.
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[^ ]: **9:27** **Kill him also in the chariot** (**L**: *strike him down in the chariot* | **S**: *shoot him in his chariot*). Ahaziah tried to flee. Jehu ordered someone to kill Ahaziah. It is possible that Jehu killed Ahaziah because he married Ahab's daughter. Translate **Kill him also in the chariot** as a command to shoot Ahaziah with an arrow while he is in his chariot.
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[^ ]: **9:28** **buried him in his tomb with his fathers in the city of David** (**L**: *they buried him in his tomb with his fathers in the city of David* | **S**: *buried it in the tombs in the part of Jerusalem called the city of David, where his ancestors had been buried*) Ahaziah was buried in a tomb that he owned. This tomb was in Jersualem. Translate **buried him in his tomb with his fathers in the city of David** to mean people buried Ahaziah in the place where his ancestors were buried.
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[^ ]: **9:28** **buried him in his tomb with his fathers in the city of David** (**L**: *they buried him in his tomb with his fathers in the city of David* | **S**: *buried it in the tombs in the part of Jerusalem called the city of David, where his ancestors had been buried*) Ahaziah was buried in a tomb that he owned. This tomb was in Jerusalem. Translate **buried him in his tomb with his fathers in the city of David** to mean people buried Ahaziah in the place where his ancestors were buried.
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30 When Jehu came to Jezreel, Jezebel heard of it, and she painted her eyes, arranged her hair,[^ ] and looked out the window. 31 As Jehu was entering the gate, she said to him, "Are you coming in peace, you Zimri, your master's murderer?" 32 Jehu looked up at the window and said, "Who is on my side? Who?"[^ ] Then two or three eunuchs looked out. 33 So Jehu said, "Throw her down."[^ ] So they threw Jezebel down,[^ ] and some of her blood spattered on the wall and the horses,[^ ] and Jehu trampled her underfoot.[^ ] 34 When Jehu entered the palace, he ate and drank.[^ ] Then he said, "See now to this cursed woman and bury her, for she is a king's daughter."[^ ] 35 They went to bury her, but they found no more of her than the skull, the feet, and the palms of her hands.[^ ] 36 So they came back and told Jehu. He said, "This is the word of Yahweh which he spoke by his servant Elijah the Tishbite, saying, 'In the land at Jezreel the dogs will eat the flesh of Jezebel,[^ ] 37 and the body of Jezebel will be like dung on the surface of the fields in the land at Jezreel,[^ ] so that no one will be able to say, "This is Jezebel."'"[^ ]
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[^ ]: **9:30** **she painted her eyes, arranged her hair** (**L**: *she applied her eyes with mineral powder, and she made her head beautiful* | **S**: *she put paint on her eyelids, and combed her hair to make it beautiful*) Jezebel prepared herself to look like a beautiful queen. She put paint on her eyes and made her hair look beautiful. Even at the end of her life, she was more concerned about looking beautiful than following God's ways. Like Jezebel, the desire for beauty and pleasure of the world can cause people to use their power to murder and steal. Translate **she painted her eyes, arranged her hair** to mean Jezebel put on makeup and made her hair look nice.
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[^ ]: **9:30** **she painted her eyes, arranged her hair** (**L**: *she applied her eyes with mineral powder, and she made her head beautiful* | **S**: *she put paint on her eyelids, and combed her hair to make it beautiful*). Jezebel prepared herself to look like a beautiful queen. She put paint on her eyes and made her hair look beautiful. Even at the end of her life, she was more concerned about looking beautiful than following God's ways. Like Jezebel, the world's desire for beauty and pleasure can cause people to use their power to murder and steal. Translate **she painted her eyes, arranged her hair** to mean Jezebel put on makeup, and made her hair look nice.
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[^ ]: **9:32** **Who is on my side? Who?** (**L**: *Who is with me? Who?* | **S**: *Who is on my side? Anyone?*) Jehu asked the palace officials in the window if they were loyal to Jehu or not. To be on someone's **side** means to be loyal to them and supportive of them. Jehu asked this question so that the people who were loyal to him would identify themselves. Translate **Who is on my side? Who?** as a question that asks who is faithful and devoted to Jehu.
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[^ ]: **9:32** **Who is on my side? Who?** (**L**: *Who is with me? Who?* | **S**: *Who is on my side? Anyone?*) Jehu asked the palace officials in the window if they were loyal to him. Being on someone's **side** means being loyal to them and supportive of them. Jehu asked this question so that the people who were loyal to him would identify themselves. Translate **Who is on my side? Who?** as a question that asks who is faithful and devoted to Jehu.
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[^ ]: **9:33** **Throw her down** (**L**: *Throw her down* | **S**: *Throw her down here*) Jehu instructed the officials to throw Jezebel out of the window. He wanted them to do this so that Jezebel would die. This was an act of judgment for the evil that Jezebel did. See 1 Kings 21:23. Translate **Throw her down** as a command for the palace officials to throw Jezebel out of the window.
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[^ ]: **9:33** **they threw Jezebel down** (**L**: *they threw her down* | **S**: *they threw her down*) The eunuchs threw Jezebel out of the high window and she died when she hit the ground. Translate **they threw Jezebel down** to mean the palace officials did what Jehu instructed and killed Jezebel by pushing her out of the window.
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[^ ]: **9:33** **they threw Jezebel down** (**L**: *they threw her down* | **S**: *they threw her down*). The eunuchs threw Jezebel out of the high window, and she died when she hit the ground. Translate **they threw Jezebel down** to mean the palace officials did what Jehu instructed and killed Jezebel by pushing her out of the window.
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[^ ]: **9:33** **some of her blood spattered on the wall and the horses** (**L**: *some of her blood splattered on the wall and on the horses* | **S**: *some of her blood splattered on the city wall and on the horses that were pulling the chariots*) Jezebel died when she hit the ground and was trampled by horses. Blood came out of her body and went on the wall and the horses. This was a violent death. Jezebel experienced a violent death similar to the violent death she caused Naboth to experience. God judges people according to the sinful deeds they have committed. Translate **some of her blood spattered on the wall and the horses** to mean Jezebel's blood came out of her corpse and splashed on the wall and horses.
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[^ ]: **9:33** **some of her blood spattered on the wall and the horses** (**L**: *some of her blood splattered on the wall and on the horses* | **S**: *some of her blood splattered on the city wall and on the horses that were pulling the chariots*). Jezebel died when she hit the ground and was trampled by horses. Blood came from her body and went on the wall and the horses. This was a violent death. Jezebel experienced a violent death similar to the violent death she caused Naboth to experience. God judges people according to the sinful deeds they have committed. Translate **some of her blood spattered on the wall and the horses** to mean Jezebel's blood came out of her corpse and splashed on the wall and horses.
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[^ ]: **9:33** **Jehu trampled her underfoot** (**L**: *they trampled her* | **S**: *Jehu ordered that his men drive their chariots and horses over her body*) Jehu's horses destroyed Jezebel's body by stepping on it. Jehu either drove his horse over her body or had others driving his chariot drive the horses on her body. God fulfilled his promised to judge Jezebel in a violent and bloody way. See 1 Kings 21:23. People are accountable to God for violent acts they commit against others. Translate **Jehu trampled her underfoot** to mean Jehu's horses that were pulling his chariot trampled her body under their feet.
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[^ ]: **9:33** **Jehu trampled her underfoot** (**L**: *they trampled her* | **S**: *Jehu ordered that his men drive their chariots and horses over her body*). Jehu's horses destroyed Jezebel's body by stepping on it. Jehu either drove his horse over her body or had others driving his chariot drive the horses on her body. God fulfilled his promise to judge Jezebel in a violent and bloody way. See 1 Kings 21:23. People are accountable to God for violent acts they commit against others. Translate **Jehu trampled her underfoot** to mean Jehu's horses that were pulling his chariot trampled her body under their feet.
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[^ ]: **9:34** **Jehu entered the palace, he ate and drank** (**L**: *he went in, and he ate and he drank* | **S**: *Jehu went into the palace and ate and drank*) Jehu ate and drank because the work of judgment was completed. God will completely punish all evil acts of murder and robbery. Translate **Jehu entered the palace, he ate and drank** to mean Jehu went into the royal residence and had a meal.
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[^ ]: **9:34** **See now to this cursed woman and bury her, for she is a king's daughter** (**L**: *Please attend to this cursed woman and bury her, for a daughter of a king is she* | **S**: *Take the corpse of that women whom Yahweh has cursed and bury it, because she is a king’s daughter*) Jehu commanded people to bury Jezebel. He called her a **cursed woman**. The word cursed means that bad or negative things will happen to someone. Jezebel was cursed because of the evil and idolatrous deeds she had done. Even though Jezebel deserved her judgment, Jehu instructed people to bury her with respectfully because she was the daughter of the king. Translate **See now to this cursed woman and bury her, for she is a king's daughter** as an instruction to bury Jezebel's dead body with the respect of a royal family member even though Jezebel was punished as she deserved to be punished.
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[^ ]: **9:34** **See now to this cursed woman and bury her, for she is a king's daughter** (**L**: *Please attend to this cursed woman and bury her, for a daughter of a king is she* | **S**: *Take the corpse of that woman whom Yahweh has cursed and bury it, because she is a king’s daughter*). Jehu commanded people to bury Jezebel. He called her a **cursed woman**. The word cursed means that bad or negative things will happen to someone. Jezebel was cursed because of the evil and idolatrous deeds she had done. Even though Jezebel deserved her judgment, Jehu instructed people to bury her respectfully because she was the king's daughter. Translate **See now to this cursed woman and bury her, for she is a king's daughter** as an instruction to bury Jezebel's dead body with the respect of a royal family member even though Jezebel was punished as she deserved to be punished.
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|
||||
[^ ]: **9:35** **they found no more of her than the skull, the feet, and the palms of her hands** (**L**: *they did not find any of her except only the skull, and the feet, and the palms of the hands* | **S**: *all that was left was only her skull and the bones of her feet and her hands; everything else was gone*) Jezebel was violently killed. They only parts of her body that could be identified were her skull, feet, and inner part of the hands. Again, this shows God's complete and total judgment of evil. When people live lives of idolatry, murder, and theft, they will receive shameful judgment. Translate **they found no more of her than the skull, the feet, and the palms of her hands** to mean the only parts of Jezebel's body that remained after her violent death were her skull, feet, and the middle part of her hands.
|
||||
[^ ]: **9:35** **they found no more of her than the skull, the feet, and the palms of her hands** (**L**: *they did not find any of her except only the skull, and the feet, and the palms of the hands* | **S**: *all that was left was only her skull and the bones of her feet and her hands; everything else was gone*) Jezebel was violently killed. The only parts of her body that could be identified were her skull, feet, and the inner part of her hands. Again, this shows God's complete and total judgment of evil. When people live lives of idolatry, murder, and theft, they will receive shameful judgment. Translate **they found no more of her than the skull, the feet, and the palms of her hands** to mean the only parts of Jezebel's body that remained after her violent death were her skull, feet, and the middle part of her hands.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **9:36** **In the land at Jezreel the dogs will eat the flesh of Jezebel** (**L**: *In the portion of Jezreel the dogs will eat the flesh of Jezebel* | **S**: *In the city of Jezreel, dogs will eat the flesh of Jezebel’s corpse*) See note on 1 Kings 21:19.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **9:37** **the body of Jezebel will be like dung on the surface of the fields in the land at Jezreel** (**L**: *the remains of Jezebel will be as dung on the surfaces of the field in the portion of Jezreel* | **S**: *Jezebel's bones will be scattered there in Jezreel like dung*) The prophet Elijah predicted that Jezebel's body were be spread in the land of Jezreel, the place where she committed the crime against Naboth. The word **dung** refers to manure, the waste of animals used as a fertilizer. This speaks of the pieces of Jezebel’s body being scattered in the field as if they were dung spread in the field. Since the pieces of her body were so small and spread out there was nothing that could be collected and buried. Like Jezebel, a like of sin and idolatry will lead to complete and disgraceful destruction. Translate **the body of Jezebel will be like dung on the surface of the fields in the land at Jezreel** to mean the pieces of Jezebel's body will be scattered like dung in the fields.
|
||||
[^ ]: **9:37** **the body of Jezebel will be like dung on the surface of the fields in the land at Jezreel** (**L**: *the remains of Jezebel will be as dung on the surfaces of the field in the portion of Jezreel* | **S**: *Jezebel's bones will be scattered there in Jezreel like dung*). The prophet Elijah predicted that Jezebel's body would be spread in the land of Jezreel, where she committed the crime against Naboth. The word **dung** refers to manure, the waste of animals used as a fertilizer. This speaks of the pieces of Jezebel’s body being scattered in the field as if they were dung spread in the field. Since the pieces of her body were so small and spread out, nothing could be collected and buried. Like Jezebel, a life of sin and idolatry will lead to complete and disgraceful destruction. Translate **the body of Jezebel will be like dung on the surface of the fields in the land at Jezreel**, to mean the pieces of Jezebel's body will be scattered like dung in the fields.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **9:37** **so that no one will be able to say, "This is Jezebel"** (**L**: *they will not say, "This is Jezebel."* | **S**: *no one will be able to recognize them and say, "These are Jezebel’s bones."*) The prophet Elijah predicted that people would not recognize Jezebel's body after she died. This speaks to the shameful and dishonorable death that Jezebel experienced. Like Jezebel, people who murder and steal to try to enjoy this present life cause their own shame and destruction. Translate **so that no one will be able to say, "This is Jezebel"** to mean Jezebel was die so violently that people would not be able to tell that this was Jezebel after she died.
|
||||
[^ ]: **9:37** **so that no one will be able to say, "This is Jezebel"** (**L**: *they will not say, "This is Jezebel."* | **S**: *no one will be able to recognize them and say, "These are Jezebel’s bones."*) The prophet Elijah predicted that people would not recognize Jezebel's body after she died. This speaks to the shameful and dishonorable death that Jezebel experienced. Like Jezebel, people who murder and steal to try to enjoy this present life cause their own shame and destruction. Translate **so that no one will be able to say, "This is Jezebel"** to mean Jezebel died so violently that people would not be able to tell that this was Jezebel after she died.
|
||||
|
||||
## Introduction
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ The following verse summarizes the core teaching of this passage. Recite this ve
|
|||
Choose a song that speaks about riches in Christ. Sing this song together as a community.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Spiritual Stewardship
|
||||
Take a moment to identify a material possession you value. Thank God for providing that possession. Then, think of someone you can give that possession too.
|
||||
Take a moment to identify a material possession you value. Thank God for providing that possession. Then, think of someone you can give that possession to.
|
||||
|
||||
> The material possession I am thankful for is...
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ God wants believers to encourage one another to be good stewards. Read the follo
|
|||
#### Discuss the Passage
|
||||
After reading the passage, discuss what this passage says about hope. Use the following questions to guide your discussion as a community.
|
||||
|
||||
1. In this passage, what important action does God want believers to do? What does this passage teach us about what it means to handle our possessions?
|
||||
1. what important action does God want believers to do in this passage? What does this passage teach us about what it means to handle our possessions?
|
||||
2. What causes people to steal? How can believers struggle with hoarding possessions?
|
||||
3. Why should we work hard?
|
||||
4. How should we use our possessions?
|
||||
|
|
@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ Think about the other Scripture passages you have studied. Identify something tr
|
|||
> [Name of a person in your group], I want to remind you about this truth/promise...
|
||||
|
||||
#### Pray to God
|
||||
After sharing the message, conclude this time together by praying for one another. Ask that God would use the upcoming study to give other members a heart to be good stewards.
|
||||
After sharing the message, conclude this time together by praying for one another. Ask God to use the upcoming study to give other members a heart to be good stewards.
|
||||
|
||||
## Biblical Interpretation: Observing the Details of the Story
|
||||
*After reading the biblical passage, answer the following questions to familiarize yourself with the details of the text.*
|
||||
|
|
@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ Where was Nabotyh's vineyard?
|
|||
Naboth had a vineyard in Jezreel, near the palace of Ahab, king of Samaria.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1 Kings 21:2
|
||||
What did Ahab the king of Samaria want from Naboth the Jezreelite?
|
||||
What did Ahab, the king of Samaria, want from Naboth the Jezreelite?
|
||||
Ahab, king of Samaria, wanted the vineyard from Naboth, which was near his palace.
|
||||
|
||||
Why did Ahab want Naboth's vineyard?
|
||||
|
|
@ -390,8 +390,8 @@ What did Ahab's wife ask him?
|
|||
Ahab's wife Jezebel came to him and asked him why he was so sad and ate no food.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1 Kings 21:6
|
||||
Why did Ahab say he was sad and ate not food?
|
||||
Ahab told his wife Jezebel that he offered another property or money for Naboth's vineyard but he refused.
|
||||
Why did Ahab say he was sad and ate no food?
|
||||
Ahab told his wife Jezebel that he offered another property or money for Naboth's vineyard, but he refused.
|
||||
|
||||
10 Also place two dishonest men with him and let them testify against him, saying, 'You cursed God and the king.'" Then take him out and stone him to death.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -407,14 +407,14 @@ Jezebel told Ahab that she would obtain the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite.
|
|||
|
||||
#### 1 Kings 21:8
|
||||
What did Jezebel do on behalf of Ahab?
|
||||
Jezebel wrote letters in Ahab's name, sealed them with his seal, and sent them to the elders and to the wealthy who sat with him in meetings.
|
||||
Jezebel wrote letters in Ahab's name, sealed them with his seal, and sent them to the elders and the wealthy who sat with him in meetings.
|
||||
|
||||
Where did these elders and wealthy people live?
|
||||
They lived near Naboth.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1 Kings 21:9
|
||||
What special event did Jezebel command in the letters?
|
||||
Jezebel instructed the important people to proclaim a fast and sit Naboth at the front of the people.
|
||||
Jezebel instructed the important people to proclaim a fast and to sit Naboth at the front of the people.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1 Kings 21:10
|
||||
What did Jezebel do to make sure Ahab would get Naboth’s vineyard?
|
||||
|
|
@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ Naboth would be taken out and stoned to death.
|
|||
|
||||
#### 1 Kings 21:11
|
||||
How did the elders and the wealthy respond to Jezebel's letters?
|
||||
The elders and the wealthy who lived in Naboth's city, did as Jezebel had described to them in the letters.
|
||||
The elders and the wealthy who lived in Naboth's city did as Jezebel had described in the letters.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1 Kings 21:12
|
||||
Did they proclaim a fast and seat Naboth above the people?
|
||||
|
|
@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ Yes. They had two dishonest men falsely accuse Naboth of blasphemy against God a
|
|||
|
||||
#### 1 Kings 21:13
|
||||
What happened when the two dishonest men accused Naboth of blasphemy?
|
||||
The two dishonest accused Naboth of blasphemy and they stoned him to death outside the city.
|
||||
The two dishonest men accused Naboth of blasphemy, and they stoned him to death outside the city.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1 Kings 21:14
|
||||
What report did the elders give to Jezebel?
|
||||
|
|
@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ What did Jezebel tell Ahab after Naboth was stoned to death?
|
|||
Jezebel told Ahab to get up and take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite.
|
||||
|
||||
Why did Jezebel say Ahab should take Naboth's vineyard?
|
||||
Jezebel said Naboth refused to sell the vineyard but now he is dead.
|
||||
Jezebel said Naboth refused to sell the vineyard, but now he is dead.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1 Kings 21:16
|
||||
Did Ahab listen to Jezebel?
|
||||
|
|
@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ God told Elijah that Ahab was at Naboth's vineyard to take possession of it.
|
|||
|
||||
#### 1 Kings 21:19
|
||||
What did God want Elijah to ask Ahab?
|
||||
God wanted Elijah to ask Ahab if he killed and took possession of Naboth's vineyard.
|
||||
God wanted Elijah to ask Ahab if he had killed and taken possession of Naboth's vineyard.
|
||||
|
||||
What did Elijah tell Ahab would happen to him because of his sin?
|
||||
Elijah told Ahab that dogs would lick his blood where they had licked the blood of Naboth.
|
||||
|
|
@ -476,15 +476,15 @@ How did Ahab speak to Elijah?
|
|||
Ahab called Elijah his enemy and asked if he found him.
|
||||
|
||||
What did Elijah say Ahab did wrong?
|
||||
Elijah told Ahab that he sold himself to do what is evil in the sight of Yahweh.
|
||||
Elijah told Ahab that he sold himself to do what was evil in the sight of Yahweh.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1 Kings 21:21
|
||||
What message did Elijah deliver to Ahab from Yahweh?
|
||||
Elijah told Ahab that Yahweh said that he would be cut off from every male child and slave and free man in Israel because he had led Israel to sin.
|
||||
Elijah told Ahab that Yahweh said he would be cut off from every male child and slave, and free man in Israel because he had led Israel to sin.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1 Kings 21:22
|
||||
What two people did God say he would make Ahab's family like?
|
||||
God said he would make Ahab's family like the family of Jeroboam son of Nebat and Baasha son of Ahijah.
|
||||
God said he would make Ahab's family like the family of Jeroboam, son of Nebat, and Baasha, son of Ahijah.
|
||||
|
||||
Why did God say he would make Ahab's family suffer disaster?
|
||||
God said he would do this because Ahab provoked God to anger and led Israel to sin.
|
||||
|
|
@ -495,14 +495,14 @@ The dogs would eat Jezebel by the wall of Jezreel.
|
|||
|
||||
#### 1 Kings 21:24
|
||||
What would happen to those who belonged to Ahab?
|
||||
The dogs would eat Ahab's people who died in the city and the birds would eat Ahab's people who died in the field.
|
||||
The dogs would eat Ahab's people who died in the city, and the birds would eat Ahab's people who died in the field.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1 Kings 21:25
|
||||
How evil was Ahab?
|
||||
God said there was no one like Ahab, who sold himself to do what was evil in the sight of Yahweh.
|
||||
|
||||
Who incited Ahab to sin?
|
||||
Jezebel his wife incited him to sin.
|
||||
Jezebel, his wife, incited him to sin.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1 Kings 21:26
|
||||
What bad things did Ahab do?
|
||||
|
|
@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ What did God think of Ahab's response to God's judgment?
|
|||
God recognized that Ahab humbled himself before God.
|
||||
|
||||
What did Yahweh do when Ahab humbled himself before him?
|
||||
Yahweh said that he would not bring this disaster in Ahab’s day, but would do it in his son’s day.
|
||||
Yahweh said that he would not bring this disaster in Ahab’s day but would do it in his son’s day.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2 Kings 9:1
|
||||
What did Elisha tell the other prophet?
|
||||
|
|
@ -534,17 +534,17 @@ Elisha told the other prophet to dress for travel and take a little bottle of oi
|
|||
|
||||
#### 2 Kings 9:2
|
||||
Who did Elisha tell the other prophet to look for when he arrived in Ramoth Gilead?
|
||||
Elisha told the other prophet to look for Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi.
|
||||
Elisha told the other prophet to look for Jehu, son of Jehoshaphat, son of Nimshi.
|
||||
|
||||
Where did Elisha tell the other prophet to bring Jehu?
|
||||
Elisha told the other prophet to bring Jehu into an inner chamber away from his companions.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2 Kings 9:3
|
||||
What did Elisha tell the other prophet to do and say to Jehu?
|
||||
Elisha told the other prophet to pour the oil on Jehu's head and to say that he was anointed king over Israel.
|
||||
Elisha told the other prophet to pour the oil on Jehu's head and say he was anointed king over Israel.
|
||||
|
||||
What did Elisha tell the other prophet to do after he anointed Jehu?
|
||||
Elisha told the other prophet to open the door, and run off without delaying.
|
||||
Elisha told the other prophet to open the door and run off without delay.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2 Kings 9:4
|
||||
Did the young prophet go to Ramoth Gilead?
|
||||
|
|
@ -555,14 +555,14 @@ When the prophet arrived in Ramoth Gilead, who was sitting next to Jehu?
|
|||
The captains of the army were sitting together.
|
||||
|
||||
What did the prophet say to Jehu?
|
||||
The prophet said he had come on an errand for captain Jehu.
|
||||
The prophet said he had come on an errand for Captain Jehu.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2 Kings 9:6
|
||||
Where did Jehu go?
|
||||
Jehu went into the house.
|
||||
|
||||
What did the prophet do to Jehu?
|
||||
The prophet poured the oil on Jehu's head and told him that he was anointed king over Israel.
|
||||
The prophet poured the oil on Jehu's head and told him he was anointed king over Israel.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2 Kings 9:7
|
||||
What instructions did the prophet give to Jehu?
|
||||
|
|
@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ God said the whole family of Ahab would perish, and he will cut every male child
|
|||
|
||||
#### 2 Kings 9:9
|
||||
What two people did God say he would make Ahab's family like?
|
||||
God said he would make Ahab's family like the family of Jeroboam son of Nebat and Baasha son of Ahijah.
|
||||
God said he would make Ahab's family like the family of Jeroboam, son of Nebat, and Baasha, son of Ahijah.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2 Kings 9:10
|
||||
What was going to happen to Jezebel?
|
||||
|
|
@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ What did Ahab's servants ask Jehu?
|
|||
The servants of Ahab asked Jehu if everything was alright. They also asked why this mad fellow came to visit him.
|
||||
|
||||
What did Jehu tell Ahab's servants?
|
||||
Jehu told them that they know the man and the kinds of things he says.
|
||||
Jehu told them that they knew the man and the kinds of things he said.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2 Kings 9:12
|
||||
What did Jehu eventually tell Ahab's servants?
|
||||
|
|
@ -603,29 +603,29 @@ They quickly took their outer garments, put them under Jehu, blew the trumpet, a
|
|||
|
||||
#### 2 Kings 9:14
|
||||
What did Jehu do against Joram?
|
||||
Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi conspired against Joram.
|
||||
Jehu, son of Jehoshaphat, son of Nimshi, conspired against Joram.
|
||||
|
||||
Who was Joram defending Ramoth Gilead from?
|
||||
Joram had been defending Ramoth Gilead because of Hazael king of Aram.
|
||||
Joram had been defending Ramoth Gilead because of Hazael, king of Aram.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2 Kings 9:15
|
||||
Where was Joram at the time?
|
||||
King Joram had gone back to Jezreel heal from wounds.
|
||||
King Joram had gone back to Jezreel to heal from wounds.
|
||||
|
||||
Where did Joram get these wounds?
|
||||
Joram was wounded by the Arameans when he had fought against Hazael king of Aram.
|
||||
Joram was wounded by the Arameans when he fought against Hazael, king of Aram.
|
||||
|
||||
Jehu told the servants of Joram, to not let anyone leave the city to tell Joram the news that Jehu was anointed king.
|
||||
Jehu told the servants of Joram not to let anyone leave the city to tell Joram the news that Jehu was anointed king.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2 Kings 9:16
|
||||
Where did Jehu ride his chariot?
|
||||
Jehu rode in a chariot to Jezreel where Joram was resting.
|
||||
Jehu rode in a chariot to Jezreel, where Joram was resting.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2 Kings 9:17
|
||||
How far away did the watchman see the company of Jehu?
|
||||
The watchman saw the company of Jehu as he came at a distance.
|
||||
The watchman saw the company of Jehu as he came from a distance.
|
||||
|
||||
Who did Joram sent out to meet Jehu and his men?
|
||||
Who did Joram send out to meet Jehu and his men?
|
||||
Joram sent a messenger to Jehu to see if they came in peace.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2 Kings 9:18
|
||||
|
|
@ -647,8 +647,8 @@ How did the watchman know Jehu was driving the chariot?
|
|||
The watchman knew Jehu was driving the chariot, for he was driving wildly.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2 Kings 9:21
|
||||
How did Joram king of Israel ride out to meet Jehu?
|
||||
Joram king of Israel rode out with Ahaziah king of Judah, each in his chariot, to meet Jehu.
|
||||
How did Joram, king of Israel, ride out to meet Jehu?
|
||||
Joram, king of Israel, rode out with Ahaziah, king of Judah, each in his chariot, to meet Jehu.
|
||||
|
||||
Where did they find Joram?
|
||||
They found him at the property of Naboth the Jezreelite.
|
||||
|
|
@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ What would bring to pass the things that were told would happen by the word of Y
|
|||
Taking Joram and throwing him into that field would bring to pass the things that were told would happen by the word of Yahweh.
|
||||
|
||||
What did Jehu do to Ahaziah?
|
||||
Ahaziah fled, but Jehu followed him and ordered for him to be shot in his chariot.
|
||||
Ahaziah fled, but Jehu followed him and ordered him to be shot in his chariot.
|
||||
|
||||
What happened to Ahaziah after he was shot?
|
||||
Ahaziah fled to Megiddo and died there.
|
||||
|
|
@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ Ahaziah was buried in his tomb with his fathers in the city of David.
|
|||
|
||||
#### 2 Kings 9:29
|
||||
When did this happen?
|
||||
It was in the eleventh year of Joram son of Ahab that Ahaziah had begun to reign over Judah.
|
||||
In the eleventh year of Joram, son of Ahab, Ahaziah began to reign over Judah.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2 Kings 9:30
|
||||
What happened when Jehu came to Jezreel?
|
||||
|
|
@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ What did Jehu tell the eunuchs to do?
|
|||
Jehu told them to throw Jezebel out of the window.
|
||||
|
||||
Who threw Jezebel down?
|
||||
Some eunuchs threw Jezebel down and some of her blood spattered on the wall and the horses.
|
||||
Some eunuchs threw Jezebel down, and some of her blood spattered on the wall and the horses.
|
||||
|
||||
What did Jehu do to Jezebel's body?
|
||||
Jehu trampled her underfoot with his horses.
|
||||
|
|
@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ What did Jehu do after Jezebel died?
|
|||
Jehu entered the palace, ate, and drank.
|
||||
|
||||
What did Jehu tell people to do to Jezebel's body?
|
||||
Jehu told people to bury the body of the cursed woman Jezebel because she was a king's daughter.
|
||||
Jehu told people to bury the body of the cursed woman Jezebel because she was the king's daughter.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2 Kings 9:35
|
||||
Why could no one bury Jezebel?
|
||||
|
|
@ -732,13 +732,13 @@ This fulfilled the prophecy of Elijah that the dogs would eat the flesh of Jezeb
|
|||
|
||||
#### 2 Kings 9:37
|
||||
How bad was the condition of Jezebel's body?
|
||||
The body of Jezebel would be like dung on the surface of the fields in the land at Jezreel, so that no one could recognize that it was Jezebel's body.
|
||||
The body of Jezebel would be like dung on the surface of the fields in the land at Jezreel so that no one could recognize that it was Jezebel's body.
|
||||
|
||||
### Translation Questions
|
||||
Use the following translation questions to understand specific details of the passage. Discuss how you might translate these specific elements of the text.
|
||||
|
||||
### Grammar and Translation Training: Predictive Past
|
||||
*Use the following exercise to learn about a specific grammar issue and its importance to understand the meaning of a text. This exercise will also help you develop skills to translate this issue accurately and naturally in your own language. If you need additional help on this translation topic, please reference [translationAcademy](https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/v24/03-translate.html#figs-pastforfuture).*
|
||||
*Use the following exercise to learn about a specific grammar issue and its importance in understanding the meaning of a text. This exercise will also help you develop skills to translate this issue accurately and naturally in your own language. If you need additional help on this translation topic, please reference [translationAcademy](https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/v24/03-translate.html#figs-pastforfuture).*
|
||||
|
||||
#### Explanation of Translation Issue
|
||||
*Read (or listen) to the explanation of the translation issue. As a community, discuss your understanding of this translation issue and its importance for translating the text.*
|
||||
|
|
@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ The predictive past is a figure of speech that uses the past tense to refer to t
|
|||
#### Examples in Biblical Passages
|
||||
*Read (or listen) to the passages below. Use the explanation above to complete the following activity.*
|
||||
|
||||
Review the explanation of the predictive past above. Identify the uses of the predictive past in each passage. Describe what future event God is speaking of as though it has already happen. Discuss the meaning of these predictive past statements and how they contribute to the meaning of each passage.
|
||||
Review the explanation of the predictive past above. Identify the uses of the predictive past in each passage. Describe what future event God is speaking of as it has already happened. Discuss the meaning of these predictive past statements and how they contribute to the meaning of each passage.
|
||||
|
||||
**Passage 1**: Joshua 6:1-2
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -774,15 +774,15 @@ The English perfect is not always used when translating the predictive past foun
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Discovery of Your Own Language
|
||||
*Now that you understand the basics of this language issue, discuss if your language works in this specific way. Then, talk about different ways
|
||||
*Now that you understand the basics of this language issue, discuss if your language works in this specific way. Then, talk about different ways.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Does your language speak of future events as though they already occurred? as a way of showing their occurrence is certain? *Discuss if people in your language can use the predictive past in a natural way.*
|
||||
2. How can you use your language to communicate in a similar way? *Discuss how speakers in your language can use perfect verbs, or some other means, to talk about a future event as though it has already occurred, or as though its occurrence is certain.
|
||||
1. Does your language speak of future events as though they already occurred? As a way of showing their occurrence is certain? *Discuss if people in your language can use the predictive past in a natural way.*
|
||||
2. How can you use your language to communicate in a similar way? *Discuss how speakers in your language can use perfect verbs or other means to talk about a future event as though it has already occurred or as though its occurrence is certain.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Connecting Language and Theology
|
||||
*The study of language helps us understand theology. As a community, complete the following exercise to understand how this particular language concept teaches us more about the Christian faith.*
|
||||
|
||||
In the passage below, Isaiah communicates God's message of judgement to Israel. He lists many sins that the people Israel have committed, and are still committing, and he also speaks of the judgment to come. God uses several prophetic perfects to convey the certainty of the judgment awaiting Israel. Read the following passage. Identify the instances of the prophetic perfect. If something other than the English perfect is used to translate the prophetic perfect, the English words will be placed in bold. Discuss how these prophetic perfects contribute to a better understanding of sin and its consequences.
|
||||
In the passage below, Isaiah communicates God's message of judgment to Israel. He lists many sins that the people of Israel have committed and are still committing, and he also speaks of the judgment to come. God uses several prophetic perfects to convey the certainty of the judgment awaiting Israel. Read the following passage. Identify the instances of the prophetic perfect. If something other than the English perfect is used to translate the prophetic perfect, the English words will be placed in bold. Discuss how these prophetic perfects contribute to a better understanding of sin and its consequences.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Isaiah 5:13-24
|
||||
13 Therefore my people have gone into captivity for lack of understanding;
|
||||
|
|
@ -825,21 +825,21 @@ The predictive past is...
|
|||
These are some ways that we will translate the predictive past in our own language...
|
||||
|
||||
#### Application to the Biblical Text
|
||||
*Now that you better understand this language concept, apply what you learned to the biblical text.*
|
||||
*Now that you understand this language concept better, apply what you learned to the biblical text.*
|
||||
|
||||
In 1 Kings 21:21-22, Elijah delivers God's message of judgment to King Ahab. In that message, God uses several prophet perfects to describe what will certainly happen to Ahab and his family, because of his great sin. Yet, Ahab repents and the Lord changes his judgment. Discuss the use of the predictive past in 1 Kings 21:21-22. Explore what it teaches about the consequences of sin, the relationship between past and future events, its contribution to the overall meaning of the passage. Apply the principles in this training to clearly, accurately, and naturally translate the predictive past in this narrative.
|
||||
In 1 Kings 21:21-22, Elijah delivers God's message of judgment to King Ahab. In that message, God uses several prophet perfects to describe what will certainly happen to Ahab and his family because of his great sin. Yet, Ahab repents, and the Lord changes his judgment. Discuss the use of the predictive past in 1 Kings 21:21-22. Explore what it teaches about the consequences of sin, the relationship between past and future events, and its contribution to the overall meaning of the passage. Apply the principles in this training to clearly, accurately, and naturally translate the predictive past in this narrative.
|
||||
|
||||
## Theological Dialogue: Discussing the Meaning of the Story
|
||||
*Take time to explore the meaning of the text together as a community. Use the following discussions as a way to grasp what truth the biblical passage teaches.*
|
||||
*Take time to explore the meaning of the text together as a community. Use the following discussions to grasp what truth the biblical passage teaches.*
|
||||
|
||||
### Discourse Questions
|
||||
Use the following discourse questions to understand the meaning of the text. Pay attention to how the biblical passage itself addresses each question or theme.
|
||||
|
||||
1. What made King Ahab so upset at the beginning of this story? 1 Kings 21:1–7
|
||||
1. What upset King Ahab at the beginning of this story? 1 Kings 21:1–7
|
||||
2. How did Jezebel conspire against Naboth to acquire his vineyard? 1 Kings 21:8–15
|
||||
3. What message did the prophet Elijah bring to Ahab? 1 Kings 21:17–26
|
||||
4. How did Ahab respond to Elijah’s message of judgment? 1 Kings 21:7–29
|
||||
5. Some time later, what became of Ahab’s son, Joram, and Ahab's wife, Jezebel? 2 Kings 9:1–37
|
||||
5. Sometime later, what became of Ahab’s son, Joram, and Ahab's wife, Jezebel? 2 Kings 9:1–37
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Theological Questions
|
||||
|
|
@ -847,14 +847,14 @@ Answer the following theology questions as a community. Discuss what truths this
|
|||
|
||||
1. **Measure of Spiritual Maturity**: How does our view of possessions and wealth reveal the condition of our spiritual maturity? How is this demonstrated (positively or negatively) in the story of King Ahab and Naboth’s vineyard?
|
||||
2. **Theology of Possessions**: What is a Christian understanding of possessions? What can we learn about such an understanding from this story?
|
||||
3. **Wrong Use of Possessions**: In heart and in action, what are the different ways that we can wrongly approach possessions? How does the narrative about Naboth's vineyard highlight wrong views and uses of possessions?
|
||||
4. **Consequences of Misplaced Understanding**: What are consequences for a wrong use and understanding of possessions? What kinds of consequences result from a wrong approach to possessions in this story?
|
||||
5. **Godly Stewardship**: How does God want us to rightly steward our possessions? How do Naboth and Ahab differ in their approach to wealth/possessions?
|
||||
3. **Wrong Use of Possessions**: In heart and action, what are the different ways we can wrongly approach possessions? How does the narrative about Naboth's vineyard highlight wrong views and uses of possessions?
|
||||
4. **Consequences of Misplaced Understanding**: What are the consequences for a wrong use and understanding of possessions? What kind of consequences result from a wrong approach to possessions in this story?
|
||||
5. **Godly Stewardship**: How does God want us to steward our possessions rightly? How do Naboth and Ahab differ in their approach to wealth/possessions?
|
||||
|
||||
![[EJ-Movement-2-Drafting]]
|
||||
|
||||
## Personal Reflection: Following the Teaching of the Story
|
||||
*Take a moment to allow this text to evaluate your own life and to consider how God would have you respond. After this reflection, use the quality checking questions to check your translation draft among the translation team.*
|
||||
*Take a moment to allow this text to evaluate your life and consider how God would have you respond. After this reflection, use the quality-checking questions to check your translation draft among the translation team.*
|
||||
|
||||
### Journal Reflection
|
||||
Prayerfully think about the following personal reflection questions. Write/Record your answers and/or discuss them as a group.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -8,25 +8,25 @@ scripture: Nehemiah 6:1–7:4
|
|||
## Session Overview
|
||||
|
||||
### Passage Preview
|
||||
The narrative recorded in Nehemiah 6:1–7:4 teaches us about the importance of our speech, the way we use our words. This passage records a narrative about enemies who oppose Nehemiah and Israel as they rebuild the walls of Jerusalem. In this narrative we will observe the conspiracy and intimidation of Sanballat and Geshem (6:1–9), the false prophecy and deception of Shemaiah (6:10–14), the flattery and oaths by nobles of Judah (6:15–19), and the appointment of trusted leaders to protect the Israelite community (7:1–4). In this biblical passage, Christians are taught about bad and good ways that people use words (words that are written, spoken, and thought). Bad ways people can use their words are conspiracy (6:2–4, 10), false accusation (6:6–7), deception/lies (6:8, 10), rumor and slander (6:5–8), false speech (6:9), false prophecy (6:12), intimidation (6:9, 13, 14, 19), temptation to sin (6:13), manipulation/control (6:7), shame/ridicule (6:13), oath/promise partnership (6:18), and flattery (6:19). Good ways people can use their words are expressing commitment and loyalty to God (6:3), affirming the truth (6:8), praying to God (6:9, 14), stating firm conviction and belief (6:11), witnessing God's power and greatness to others (6:16), trusting in God's judgment (6:14), and establishing and appointing godly leaders to protect God's people (7:14). How we speak reveals our heart and motivation (6:2, 8) and shows our level of Christian maturity. God wants Christians to use their words to encourage others, honor God, speak the truth, and serve God's work in the world.
|
||||
The narrative recorded in Nehemiah 6:1–7:4 teaches us about the importance of our speech, the way we use our words. This passage records a narrative about enemies who oppose Nehemiah and Israel as they rebuild the walls of Jerusalem. In this narrative, we will observe the conspiracy and intimidation of Sanballat and Geshem (6:1–9), the false prophecy and deception of Shemaiah (6:10–14), the flattery and oaths by nobles of Judah (6:15–19), and the appointment of trusted leaders to protect the Israelite community (7:1–4). In this biblical passage, Christians are taught about bad and good ways people use words (written, spoken, and thought). Bad ways people can use their words are conspiracy (6:2–4, 10), false accusation (6:6–7), deception/lies (6:8, 10), rumor and slander (6:5–8), false speech (6:9), false prophecy (6:12), intimidation (6:9, 13, 14, 19), temptation to sin (6:13), manipulation/control (6:7), shame/ridicule (6:13), oath/promise partnership (6:18), and flattery (6:19). Good ways people can use their words are expressing commitment and loyalty to God (6:3), affirming the truth (6:8), praying to God (6:9, 14), stating firm conviction and belief (6:11), witnessing God's power and greatness to others (6:16), trusting in God's judgment (6:14), and establishing and appointing godly leaders to protect God's people (7:14). How we speak reveals our heart and motivation (6:2, 8) and shows our level of Christian maturity. God wants Christians to use their words to encourage others, honor God, speak the truth, and serve God's work in the world.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Idea**: The story of Nehemiah completing the building of the city walls of Jerusalem warns us about bad ways of speaking and teaches us godly ways of speaking.
|
||||
|
||||
### Core Objectives
|
||||
In the following session you will...
|
||||
In the following session, you will...
|
||||
|
||||
- **establish** faithful obedience in our speech
|
||||
- **compose** a translation of Nehemiah 6:1–7:4 that is clear, accurate, natural, and church-approved
|
||||
- **mature** in Christian life of faith through the practice of encouragement
|
||||
- **mature** in the Christian life of faith through the practice of encouragement
|
||||
- **develop** basic ministry skills with believers and unbelievers as you check your translation
|
||||
|
||||
### Narrative Summary
|
||||
|
||||
Nehemiah was an important leader for Israel. Israel was in exile under Persian rule when King Cyrus made a decree that the people of Israel could return to their land. Israel rebuilt the temple that had been destroyed, and then Nehemiah led Israel in rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem. Nehemiah confronted a lot of opposition while he lead the Israelites in this work. At several points, Nehemiah's enemies used harmful words in attempts to undermine God's work.
|
||||
Nehemiah was an important leader for Israel. Israel was in exile under Persian rule when King Cyrus made a decree that the people of Israel could return to their land. Israel rebuilt the temple that had been destroyed, and then Nehemiah led Israel in rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem. Nehemiah confronted a lot of opposition while he led the Israelites in this work. At several points, Nehemiah's enemies used harmful words in an attempt to undermine God's work.
|
||||
|
||||
Sanballat, Tobiah, and Geshem were three enemies who opposed Nehemiah's work when Nehemiah had nearly finished rebuilding the walls of the city. Up to that point, however, he had not put the doors on the gates. Sanballat and Geshem sent a message to Nehemiah to meet in the plain of Ono. Because they were his enemies, Nehemiah understood that it was a conspiracy; they wanted to do him harm. He told them that he was doing great work and would not come to meet them. They tried four times to get Nehemiah to fall for their trap, but each time Nehemiah responded the same way. The fifth time, Sanballat sent a servant with a letter. The letter openly accused Nehemiah of leading a rebellion. They said that Nehemiah was trying to make himself king. None of these rumors, however, were true. Nehemiah told Geshem that he was inventing these rumors in his own mind. Nehemiah knew that his enemies were trying to frighten him and cause him to abandon his work. Nehemiah prayed that God would give him strength.
|
||||
Sanballat, Tobiah, and Geshem were three enemies who opposed Nehemiah's work when Nehemiah had nearly finished rebuilding the walls of the city. Up to that point, however, he had not put the doors on the gates. Sanballat and Geshem sent a message to Nehemiah to meet in the plain of Ono. Because they were his enemies, Nehemiah understood that it was a conspiracy; they wanted to do him harm. He told them that he was doing great work and would not come to meet them. They tried four times to get Nehemiah to fall for their trap, but Nehemiah responded the same way each time. The fifth time, Sanballat sent a servant with a letter. The letter openly accused Nehemiah of leading a rebellion. They said that Nehemiah was trying to make himself king. None of these rumors, however, were true. Nehemiah told Geshem that he was inventing these rumors in his own mind. Nehemiah knew his enemies were trying to frighten him and cause him to abandon his work. Nehemiah prayed that God would give him strength.
|
||||
|
||||
At some point, Nehemiah went to the house of Shemaiah. He told Nehemiah that they should meet in the temple, close the doors, and hide because people were coming to kill him. Nehemiah discerned that Shemaiah was a false prophet and refused to listen to his words. It was another trap. Nehemiah realized that Shemaiah was hired by Tobiah and Sanballat to cause Nehemiah to be afraid, sin against God, and ruin his reputation. Nehemiah did not listen to these false words. It took fifty-two days, but they eventually completed the wall. When they finished, all their enemies became afraid. They knew that God was on the Israelites' side. Letters continued to be sent between Israelites and Tobiah. Many Israelites had pledged their loyalty to him. Though Tobiah was an enemy of Israel, the people would speak well of Tobiah to Nehemiah. Tobiah continued to send letters to try to make Nehemiah afraid. However, the doors were eventually set on the gates and Nehemiah put his brother, Hanani, as well as Hananiah, a God-fearing man, in charge of the city.
|
||||
At some point, Nehemiah went to the house of Shemaiah. He told Nehemiah they should meet in the temple, close the doors, and hide because people were coming to kill him. Nehemiah discerned that Shemaiah was a false prophet and refused to listen to his words. It was another trap. Nehemiah realized that Tobiah and Sanballat hired Shemaiah to cause Nehemiah to be afraid, sin against God, and ruin his reputation. Nehemiah did not listen to these false words. It took fifty-two days, but they eventually completed the wall. When they finished, all their enemies became afraid. They knew that God was on the Israelites' side. Letters continued to be sent between Israelites and Tobiah. Many Israelites had pledged their loyalty to him. Though Tobiah was an enemy of Israel, the people would speak well of Tobiah to Nehemiah. Tobiah continued to send letters to try to make Nehemiah afraid. However, the doors were eventually set on the gates, and Nehemiah put his brother, Hanani, and Hananiah, a God-fearing man, in charge of the city.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### General Book Introduction
|
||||
|
|
@ -39,134 +39,134 @@ A Jew named Nehemiah lived in Persia and worked for King Artaxerxes. Nehemiah re
|
|||
4. Nehemiah Appoints Trusted Leaders to Protect the Israelite Community (7:1–4)
|
||||
|
||||
### Important Themes
|
||||
**Speech**: This story records many different kinds of speech. Nehemiah's enemies use words in sinful ways such as deceit (6:6–7), rumors (6:6), conspiracy (6:2), false prophecy (6:10), and bad oaths (6:18). Some of this actual speech is recorded in this narrative. Because the enemies intended to harm Nehemiah, much of his enemies' speech might appear to mean something harmless, but the intent of the speech is to harm Nehemiah.
|
||||
**Speech**: This story records many different kinds of speech. Nehemiah's enemies use words in sinful ways, such as deceit (6:6–7), rumors (6:6), conspiracy (6:2), false prophecy (6:10), and bad oaths (6:18). Some of this actual speech is recorded in this narrative. Because the enemies intended to harm Nehemiah, much of his enemies' speech might appear to mean something harmless, but the intent of the speech is to harm Nehemiah.
|
||||
|
||||
**Prayer**: In this narrative, Nehemiah prays to God (6:9, 14). The story does not simply record that Nehemiah prayed, the story records Nehemiah's prayers. These prayers are records of Nehemiah talking to God. These words could be recorded as direct speech.
|
||||
**Prayer**: In this narrative, Nehemiah prays to God (6:9, 14). The story does not simply record that Nehemiah prayed; the story records Nehemiah's prayers. These prayers are records of Nehemiah talking to God. These words could be recorded as direct speech.
|
||||
|
||||
**Personal Narrative**: Nehemiah is telling the story from his perspective (6:1, 2). Nehemiah is recounting a story that happened to him. This means that Nehemiah is an eyewitness of these events. It also means that Nehemiah records how he came to understand how the his enemies used their words to intend him harm.
|
||||
**Personal Narrative**: Nehemiah tells the story from his perspective (6:1, 2). Nehemiah is recounting a story that happened to him. This means that Nehemiah is an eyewitness to these events. It also means that Nehemiah records how he understood how his enemies used their words to intend him harm.
|
||||
|
||||
### Passage Translation
|
||||
6:1 Now when Sanballat, Tobiah, and Geshem the Arabian and the rest of our enemies heard that I had rebuilt the wall[^ ] and that there were no longer any sections left broken open,[^ ] although I had not yet set up the doors in the gates,[^ ] 2 Sanballat and Geshem sent to me[^ ] saying, "Come, let us meet together somewhere in the plain of Ono."[^ ] But they intended to do harm to me.[^ ] 3 I sent messengers to them, saying, "I am doing a great work, and I cannot come down.[^ ] Why should the work stop while I leave it and come down to you?"[^ ] 4 They sent me the same message four times,[^ ] and I answered them the same way each time.[^ ]
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **6:1** **heard that I had rebuilt the wall** (**L**: *it was heard that I had built the wall* | **S**: *learned that we had finished rebuilding the wall*) Some enemies heard that Nehemiah and the Israelites rebuilt the city walls of Jerusalem. In this context, the word **heard** means to come to understand something through a verbal or written communication. These enemies did not want the Israelites to rebuild the walls. The word **rebuilt** means to construct something like a building or structure. When Nehemiah says he rebuilt the wall, he is using himself to represent the entire community that he is a part of. When God's people do God's work, they should expect to face opposition. Translate **heard that I had rebuilt the wall** to mean Nehemiah lead the Israelite community to finish rebuilding the wall.
|
||||
[^ ]: **6:1** **heard that I had rebuilt the wall** (**L**: *it was heard that I had built the wall* | **S**: *learned that we had finished rebuilding the wall*). Some enemies heard Nehemiah and the Israelites rebuilt the city walls of Jerusalem. In this context, the word **heard** means to come to understand something through verbal or written communication. These enemies did not want the Israelites to rebuild the walls. The word **rebuilt** means to construct something like a building or structure. When Nehemiah says he rebuilt the wall, he uses himself to represent the entire community he is a part of. When God's people do God's work, they should expect to face opposition. Translate **heard that I had rebuilt the wall** to mean Nehemiah led the Israelite community to finish rebuilding the wall.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **6:1** **there were no longer any sections left broken open** (**L**: *a break was not remaining in it* | **S**: *there were now no more gaps in it*) The Israelites completely rebuilt the walls. The phrase **sections left broken open** refers to a breach or gap in a continuous unit of something. God gives his people strength to completely finish the work he calls them to do. Translate **there were no longer any sections left broken open** to mean there was no break in the wall except for the spaces where the doors had not yet been hung in the gates.
|
||||
[^ ]: **6:1** **there were no longer any sections left broken open** (**L**: *a break was not remaining in it* | **S**: *there were now no more gaps in it*). The Israelites completely rebuilt the walls. The phrase **sections left broken open** refers to a breach or gap in a continuous unit of something. God gives his people strength to completely finish the work he calls them to do. Translate **there were no longer any sections left broken open** to mean there was no break in the wall except for the spaces where the doors had not yet been hung in the gates.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **6:1** **I had not yet set up the doors in the gates** (**L**: *until that time I had not set up the doors in the gates* | **S**: *we had not yet put the doors in the gates*) The Israelites finished building the walls, but they did not yet hang the doors on the gates. Once again Nehemiah is using himself to represent the entire community that he is a part of. God calls his people to complete his work as a community. Translate **I had not yet set up the doors in the gates** to mean the Israelites had not yet put the doors in the gates.
|
||||
[^ ]: **6:1** **I had not yet set up the doors in the gates** (**L**: *until that time I had not set up the doors in the gates* | **S**: *we had not yet put the doors in the gates*). The Israelites finished building the walls but did not yet hang the doors on the gates. Once again, Nehemiah uses himself to represent the entire community he is a part of. God calls his people to complete his work as a community. Translate **I had not yet set up the doors in the gates** to mean the Israelites had not yet put the doors in the gates.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **6:2** **sent to me** (**L**: *sent to me* | **S**: *sent me a message*) Sanballat and Geshem wanted the work on the wall to stop. Sanballat and Geshem wanted to harm Nehemiah so this work would stop. In this passage, people use words to oppose Nehemiah and his work on the wall. People use words to communicate with others and to accomplish things in the world. Written and spoken words are important part of life and Christian maturity. God wants us to use our words in a way that please God and encourage others. Translate **sent to me** to mean Sanballat and Geshem delivered a message to Nehemiah.
|
||||
[^ ]: **6:2** **sent to me** (**L**: *sent to me* | **S**: *sent me a message*). Sanballat and Geshem wanted the work on the wall to stop. Sanballat and Geshem wanted to harm Nehemiah so that this work would stop. In this passage, people use words to oppose Nehemiah and his work on the wall. People use words to communicate with others and to accomplish things in the world. Written and spoken words are an important part of life and Christian maturity. God wants us to use our words to please God and encourage others. Translate **sent to me** to mean Sanballat and Geshem delivered a message to Nehemiah.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **6:2** **Come, let us meet together somewhere in the plain of Ono** (**L**: *Come, and let us appoint a time to meet together among the villages in the valley of Ono* | **S**: *We want to arrange to meet with you in one of the villages in the plain of Ono*) Sanballat and Geshem told Nehemiah to meet them at a certain place to mistreat him. The plain of Ono was likely somewhere far away from Jerusalem, the city where Nehemiah and the Israelites were rebuilding the walls. These enemies use the word **come** to encourage Nehemiah to accept their invitation. These enemies used their words to do something bad to Nehemiah. Nehemiah these enemies pretended to be sincere. People speak in sinful ways when they use their words to deceive people and to put people in danger. When we speak, God wants us to lead people to God's work. Translate **Come, let us meet together somewhere in the plain of Ono** as a command for Nehemiah to meet Sanballat and Geshem in a certain village far away from Jerusalem called the plain of Ono.
|
||||
[^ ]: **6:2** **Come, let us meet together somewhere in the plain of Ono** (**L**: *Come, and let us appoint a time to meet together among the villages in the valley of Ono* | **S**: *We want to arrange to meet with you in one of the villages in the plain of Ono*). Sanballat and Geshem told Nehemiah to meet them at a certain place to mistreat him. The plain of Ono was likely somewhere far away from Jerusalem, the city where Nehemiah and the Israelites were rebuilding the walls. These enemies use the word **come** to encourage Nehemiah to accept their invitation. These enemies used their words to do something bad to Nehemiah. Nehemiah these enemies pretended to be sincere. People speak in sinful ways when they use their words to deceive people and endanger them. When we speak, God wants us to lead people to God's work. Translate **Come, let us meet together somewhere in the plain of Ono** as a command for Nehemiah to meet Sanballat and Geshem in a certain village far away from Jerusalem called the plain of Ono.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **6:2** **they intended to do harm to me** (**L**: *they were thinking to do evil to me* | **S**: *I knew that they were saying this because they wanted to harm me*) Sanballat and Geshem used their words to do harm to Nehemiah. The word intended means to plan to do something with purpose. The phrase **do harm** means to act in a way that will cause some pain or injury. The words people say reveal their intentions and motives. People speak in sinful ways when they use their words to harm others. When we speak, God wants us to encourage others. Translate **they intended to do harm to me** to mean Sanballat and Geshem planned to do something to injure Nehemiah.
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[^ ]: **6:2** **they intended to do harm to me** (**L**: *they were thinking to do evil to me* | **S**: *I knew that they were saying this because they wanted to harm me*) Sanballat and Geshem used their words to do harm to Nehemiah. The word intended means to plan to do something with purpose. The phrase **do harm** means acting in a way that will cause some pain or injury. The words people say reveal their intentions and motives. People speak in sinful ways when they use their words to harm others. When we speak, God wants us to encourage others. Translate **they intended to do harm to me** to mean Sanballat and Geshem planned to do something to injure Nehemiah.
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[^ ]: **6:3** **I am doing a great work, and I cannot come down** (**L**: *I am doing a great work, and I am not able to go down* | **S**: *The work I am doing here is very important. I am not able to travel while it is going on.*) Nehemiah did not do what Sanballat and Geshem told him to do. He knew that he was doing a really important work. Nehemiah does not mean that he is physically unable to travel to Ono. He means that he cannot leave his supervision of the work for the several days it would take to travel there and back. Nehemiah is once again using himself to represent the whole community and its work of rebuilding of the wall. He also understood that Sanballat and Geshem were planning to harm him so that the work of building would stop. In this context, the phrase **great work** refers to a really important and demanding task that God wanted Nehemiah to complete. Nehemiah wisely responded with words that were respectful and emphasized his priority to do God's work. Translate **I am doing a great work, and I cannot come down** to mean the Israelites were doing a very important work of rebuilding the walls and could not leave the work to go somewhere else.
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[^ ]: **6:3** **I am doing a great work, and I cannot come down** (**L**: *I am doing a great work, and I am not able to go down* | **S**: *The work I am doing here is very important. I am not able to travel while it is going on.*) Nehemiah did not do what Sanballat and Geshem told him to do. He knew that he was doing really important work. Nehemiah does not mean that he is physically unable to travel to Ono. He means that he cannot leave his supervision of the work for the several days it would take to travel there and back. Nehemiah is once again using himself to represent the whole community and its work of rebuilding of the wall. He also understood that Sanballat and Geshem were planning to harm him so that the work of building would stop. In this context, the phrase **great work** refers to a really important and demanding task that God wanted Nehemiah to complete. Nehemiah wisely responded with respectful words and emphasized his priority to do God's work. Translate **I am doing a great work, and I cannot come down** to mean the Israelites were doing a very important work of rebuilding the walls and could not leave the work to go somewhere else.
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[^ ]: **6:3** **Why should the work stop while I leave it and come down to you?** (**L**: *Why should the work stop while I abandon it and go down to you?* | **S**: *There is no reason for me to stop the work and leave it so that I can meet with you*) If Nehemiah went to the plain of Ono, the work might stop. Nehemiah did not want this to happen. Nehemiah is making a statement, not asking a question. He does not expect Sanballat and Geshem to give him reasons why the work should stop as he travels to meet with them. Instead, Nehemiah is using the question form to emphasize how important it is for the work of rebuilding the walls to continue. People should use their words to prioritize God's work. Translate **Why should the work stop while I leave it and come down to you?** as a question that expresses Nehemiah's refusal to go to the plain of Ono because the work would stop.
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[^ ]: **6:3** **Why should the work stop while I leave it and come down to you?** (**L**: *Why should the work stop while I abandon it and go down to you?* | **S**: *There is no reason for me to stop the work and leave it so that I can meet with you*) If Nehemiah went to the plain of Ono, the work might stop. Nehemiah did not want this to happen. Nehemiah is making a statement, not asking a question. He does not expect Sanballat and Geshem to explain why the work should stop as he travels to meet with them. Instead, Nehemiah uses the question form to emphasize how important it is for rebuilding the walls to continue. People should use their words to prioritize God's work. Translate **Why should the work stop while I leave it and come down to you?** as a question that expresses Nehemiah's refusal to go to the plain of Ono because the work would stop.
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[^ ]: **6:4** **They sent me the same message four times** (**L**: *they sent to me according to this word four times* | **S**: *They sent me the same message four times*) Sanballat and Geshem asked Nehemiah to come to the plain of Ono four times. These enemies were determined and persistent. This might have been a temptation and created pressure for Nehemiah to respond. When people speak in sinful ways, they can repeat things many times to be persuasive. God's people should resist the wrong things that people say. Translate **They sent me the same message four times** to mean four times Sanballat and Geshem gave the same invitation for Nehemiah to come to the plain of Ono.
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[^ ]: **6:4** **They sent me the same message four times** (**L**: *they sent to me according to this word four times* | **S**: *They sent me the same message four times*). Sanballat and Geshem asked Nehemiah to come to the plain of Ono four times. These enemies were determined and persistent. This might have been a temptation and created pressure for Nehemiah to respond. When people speak in sinful ways, they can repeat things many times to be persuasive. God's people should resist the wrong things that people say. Translate **They sent me the same message four times** to mean four times Sanballat and Geshem gave the same invitation for Nehemiah to come to the plain of Ono.
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[^ ]: **6:4** **I answered them the same way each time** (**L**: *I turned them back according to this word* | **S**: *each time I refused them for this same reason*) Every time Sanballat and Geshem invited Nehemiah to come to the plain of Ono, Nehemiah refused to go. In this passage, the word translated **answered** means to turn back. The term turned back means to refuse or reject the invitation. The implication is that Nehemiah did this each time. When people speak in sinful ways, God wants his people to use words in consistent ways to resist temptation. Translate **I answered them the same way each time** to mean Nehemiah refused the invitation to go to the plain of Ono every time Sanballat and Geshem asked him to go.
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[^ ]: **6:4** **I answered them the same way each time** (**L**: *I turned them back according to this word* | **S**: *each time I refused them for this same reason*). Every time Sanballat and Geshem invited Nehemiah to come to the plain of Ono, Nehemiah refused to go. In this passage, the word translated **answered** means to turn back. The term turned back means to refuse or reject the invitation. The implication is that Nehemiah did this each time. When people speak in sinful ways, God wants his people to use words in consistent ways to resist temptation. Translate **I answered them the same way each time** to mean Nehemiah refused the invitation to go to the plain of Ono every time Sanballat and Geshem asked him to go.
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5 Sanballat sent his servant to me in the same way the fifth time,[^ ] with an open letter in his hand.[^ ] 6 In it was written, "It is reported among the nations, and Geshem also says it,[^ ] that you and the Jews are planning to rebel, for that is why you are rebuilding the wall.[^ ] From what these reports say, you are about to become their king.[^ ] 7 You have also appointed prophets to make this proclamation about you in Jerusalem,[^ ] saying, 'There is a king in Judah!'[^ ] You can be sure the king will hear these reports.[^ ] Therefore come, let us speak with one another."[^ ]
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[^ ]: **6:5** **Sanballat sent his servant to me in the same way the fifth time** (**L**: *Sanballat sent his young man to me a fifth time according to this word* | **S**: *Sanballat sent one of his servants to me bringing the same request for a fifth time*) Sanballat invited Nehemiah to come to the plain of Ono a fifth time. Sanballat sent his servant to deliver this message to Nehemiah. The word **servant** refers to a person who works for (or obeys) another person, either by choice or by force. Sometimes people use other people to communicate harmful or deceitful things. Translate **Sanballat sent his servant to me in the same way the fifth time** to mean Sanballat sent his servant to Nehemiah with the same message for a fifth time.
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[^ ]: **6:5** **with an open letter in his hand** (**L**: *an opened letter was in his hand* | **S**: *This time the message was written, but it was not sealed*) When Sanballat sent this message to Nehemiah this time, the message was written, but it was not sealed. The phrase **open letter** means that this fifth message was written in a letter, but the letter was unsealed. As a diplomatic communication, the letter should have been sealed. Because it was not, others could read it and spread its contents among the people of the region. It appears that Sanballat deliberately left the letter unsealed to pressure Nehemiah to meet with him. People speak sinfully when the spread false ideas to other people or the general public. Translate **with an open letter in his hand** to mean Sanballat left the letter unsealed so that others would find out what it said, because he wanted to pressure Nehemiah to meet with him.
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[^ ]: **6:5** **with an open letter in his hand** (**L**: *an opened letter was in his hand* | **S**: *This time the message was written, but it was not sealed*) When Sanballat sent this message to Nehemiah this time, the message was written, but it was not sealed. The phrase **open letter** means that this fifth message was written in a letter, but the letter was unsealed. As a diplomatic communication, the letter should have been sealed. Because it was not, others could read it and spread its contents among the people of the region. It appears that Sanballat deliberately left the letter unsealed to pressure Nehemiah to meet with him. People speak sinfully when they spread false ideas to others or the general public. Translate **with an open letter in his hand** to mean Sanballat left the letter unsealed so that others would find out what it said because he wanted to pressure Nehemiah to meet with him.
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[^ ]: **6:6** **It is reported among the nations, and Geshem also says it** (**L**: *It is heard among the nations, and Gashmu is saying* | **S**: *The people in the countries around us are saying, and Geshem confirms that it is true*) The letter reported that Geshem and many other people said something similar about the Jews. The word **reported** means a message that is communicated or announced so that others hear the message. This letter People speak sinfully when they report rumors, gossip, or slander about people. God does not want us to spread reports about people that are not true. Translate **It is reported among the nations, and Geshem also says it** to mean people from other countries and Geshem are saying a similar message about the Jews.
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[^ ]: **6:6** **It is reported among the nations, and Geshem also says it** (**L**: *It is heard among the nations, and Gashmu is saying* | **S**: *The people in the countries around us are saying, and Geshem confirms that it is true*) The letter reported that Geshem and many other people said something similar about the Jews. The word **reported** means a message is being communicated or announced so that others hear the message. People speak sinfully when they report rumors, gossip, or slander about people. God does not want us to spread reports about people that are not true. Translate **It is reported among the nations, and Geshem also says it** to mean people from other countries, and Geshem are saying a similar message about the Jews.
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[^ ]: **6:6** **you and the Jews are planning to rebel, for that is why you are rebuilding the wall** (**L**: *you and the Jews are thinking to rebel, therefore you are building the wall* | **S**: *you and the Jewish people are planning to rebel against King Artaxerxes and that is why you are rebuilding the wall*) This letter claimed that the Jews were building the walls of Jerusalem because they were preparing to oppose the king. The word **rebel** means to revolt or resist a government or leader. This means specifically that the Jews would rebel against Artaxerxes, the Persian king, who was currently ruling them. This claim was not true. It was the rumor that Geshem and people from other countries claimed to believe. People speak sinfully when they cause people to think others are doing wrong things or are doing things out of deceitful motives. Translate **you and the Jews are planning to rebel, for that is why you are rebuilding the wall** to mean Nehemiah and the Jews were rebuilding the because they were intending to rise up against King Artaxerxes.
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[^ ]: **6:6** **you and the Jews are planning to rebel, for that is why you are rebuilding the wall** (**L**: *you and the Jews are thinking to rebel, therefore you are building the wall* | **S**: *you and the Jewish people are planning to rebel against King Artaxerxes and that is why you are rebuilding the wall*) This letter claimed that the Jews were building the walls of Jerusalem because they were preparing to oppose the king. The word **rebel** means to revolt or resist a government or leader. This means specifically that the Jews would rebel against Artaxerxes, the Persian king, who was currently ruling them. This claim was not true. It was the rumor that Geshem and people from other countries claimed to believe. People speak sinfully when they cause people to think others are doing wrong things or are doing things out of deceitful motives. Translate **you and the Jews are planning to rebel, for that is why you are rebuilding the wall** to mean Nehemiah and the Jews were rebuilding the wall because they intended to rise up against King Artaxerxes.
|
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[^ ]: **6:6** **From what these reports say, you are about to become their king** (**L**: *And you are becoming a king over them, according to these words* | **S**: *They are also saying that you intend to become the king of the Jews yourself*) The letter claimed false reports about Nehemiah and the Israelites. The word **report** refers to a message that communicates information to others. The letter said that Nehemiah was trying to be king of the Jewish people. People speak sinfully when they say false things about other people. Translate **From what these reports say, you are about to become their king** to mean the reports from Geshem and the people living in different countries were saying that Nehemiah intended to make himself the king of the Jews.
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[^ ]: **6:6** **From what these reports say, you are about to become their king** (**L**: *And you are becoming a king over them, according to these words* | **S**: *They are also saying that you intend to become the king of the Jews yourself*) The letter claimed false reports about Nehemiah and the Israelites. The word **report** refers to a message that communicates information to others. The letter said Nehemiah was trying to be king of the Jewish people. People speak sinfully when they say false things about other people. Translate **From what these reports say, you are about to become their king** to mean the reports from Geshem and the people living in different countries were saying that Nehemiah intended to make himself the king of the Jews.
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[^ ]: **6:7** **You have also appointed prophets to make this proclamation about you in Jerusalem** (**L**: *you have set up prophets to call out concerning you in Jerusalem* | **S**: *you have appointed prophets to make a proclamation about you in Jerusalem*) This letter claimed Nehemiah told prophets to announce that Nehemiah would be king of the Jewish people. The word **appointed** means to set up or to cause something to stand in a position. This claim is not true. Nehemiah did not try to establish himself as king of Israel. People speak sinfully when they claim religious authority to tell things that are not true. Translate **You have also appointed prophets to make this proclamation about you in Jerusalem** to mean Nehemiah designated prophets to announce that Nehemiah was the king in Judah.
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[^ ]: **6:7** **You have also appointed prophets to make this proclamation about you in Jerusalem** (**L**: *you have set up prophets to call out concerning you in Jerusalem* | **S**: *you have appointed prophets to make a proclamation about you in Jerusalem*). This letter claimed Nehemiah told prophets to announce that Nehemiah would be king of the Jewish people. The word **appointed** means to set up or to cause something to stand in a position. This claim is not true. Nehemiah did not try to establish himself as king of Israel. People speak sinfully when they claim religious authority to tell things that are not true. Translate **You have also appointed prophets to make this proclamation about you in Jerusalem** to mean Nehemiah designated prophets to announce that Nehemiah was the king in Judah.
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[^ ]: **6:7** **There is a king in Judah!** (**L**: *A king is in Judah!* | **S**: *The Jews now have a king of their own!*) The letter said that prophets announced that the Jews would have their own king. This claim was trying to make it seem like prophets were announcing Nehemiah as king over Israel. This was not true. Translate **There is a king in Judah!** to mean the Jews now have a king of their own.
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[^ ]: **6:7** **There is a king in Judah!** (**L**: *A king is in Judah!* | **S**: *The Jews now have a king of their own!*) The letter said that prophets announced that the Jews would have their own king. This claim tried to make it seem like prophets were announcing Nehemiah as king over Israel. This was not true. Translate **There is a king in Judah!** to mean the Jews now have a king of their own.
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[^ ]: **6:7** **You can be sure the king will hear these reports** (**L**: *it will be heard by the king according to these words* | **S**: *King Artaxerxes will certainly hear these reports, and when he does, he will be very angry with you*) The implication is that when Artaxerxes hears these reports, he will be very angry with Nehemiah. Sanballat writes this to cause Nehemiah to be afraid. Sometimes people become very afraid about what other people say about them even though people can often say false things about others. God wants us to care most of all about what God says about us. God always speaks the truth. Translate **You can be sure the king will hear these reports** to mean Nehemiah should be afraid that King Artaxerxes will near the rumors about Nehemiah being king of the Jews and he will be very upset about this.
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[^ ]: **6:7** **You can be sure the king will hear these reports** (**L**: *it will be heard by the king according to these words* | **S**: *King Artaxerxes will certainly hear these reports, and when he does, he will be very angry with you*) The implication is that when Artaxerxes hears these reports, he will be very angry with Nehemiah. Sanballat writes this to cause Nehemiah to be afraid. Sometimes people become very afraid of what others say about them, even though they can often say false things about others. God wants us to care most of all about what God says about us. God always speaks the truth. Translate **You can be sure the king will hear these reports** to mean Nehemiah should be afraid that King Artaxerxes will hear the rumors about Nehemiah being king of the Jews, and he will be very upset about this.
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[^ ]: **6:7** **Therefore come, let us speak with one another** (**L**: *So now, come, and let us consult together* | **S**: *So we really should meet together and talk about this*) Sanballat writes this letter of false things so that Nehemiah will be afraid and come to meet with him. People speak sinfully when they use words to try to control or manipulate people with fear. Translate **Therefore come, let us speak with one another** as an invitation for Nehemiah to meet with Sanballat in order to talk about the situation because King Artaxerxes would certainly be angry about the claim that Nehemiah would become king of the Jews.
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[^ ]: **6:7** **Therefore come, let us speak with one another** (**L**: *So now, come, and let us consult together* | **S**: *So we really should meet together and talk about this*) Sanballat writes this letter of false things so that Nehemiah will be afraid and come to meet with him. People speak sinfully when they use words to try to control or manipulate people with fear. Translate **Therefore come, let us speak with one another** as an invitation for Nehemiah to meet with Sanballat to talk about the situation because King Artaxerxes would certainly be angry about the claim that Nehemiah would become king of the Jews.
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8 Then I sent word to him[^ ] saying, "No such things have occurred as you say,[^ ] for within your heart you invented them."[^ ] 9 For they all wanted to make us afraid,[^ ] thinking, "They will drop their hands from doing the work, and it will not be done."[^ ] But now, God, please strengthen my hands.[^ ] 10 I went to the house of Shemaiah son of Delaiah son of Mehetabel, who was confined in his home. He said, "Let us meet together in the house of God, inside the temple,[^ ] and let us close the doors of the temple, for they are coming to kill you.[^ ] At night they are coming to kill you."[^ ] 11 I replied, "Would a man like me run away?[^ ] Would a man like me go into the temple just so he could save his own life?[^ ] I will not go in!"[^ ] 12 I realized that it was not God who sent him,[^ ] but that he had prophesied against me.[^ ] Tobiah and Sanballat had hired him.[^ ] 13 They hired him to make me afraid,[^ ] so that I might do what he said and sin,[^ ] so they could give me a bad name in order to humiliate me.[^ ] 14 Call to mind Tobiah and Sanballat, my God, and all that they did.[^ ] Also call to mind the prophetess Noadiah and the rest of the prophets who tried to make me be afraid.
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[^ ]: **6:8** **I sent word to him** For **sent** see note on 6:2.
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[^ ]: **6:8** **I sent word to him**. For **sent** see note on 6:2.
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[^ ]: **6:8** **No such things have occurred as you say** (**L**: *No such thing has been done according to these words that you are saying* | **S**: *None of these things that you are saying are true*) Nehemiah told Sanballat that his letter claimed false things. People speak sinfully when they lie. God does not want us to say false things. God wants us to speak the truth. Translate **No such things have occurred as you say** to mean the things Sanballat accused Nehemiah of doing were not true and did not happen.
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[^ ]: **6:8** **within your heart you invented them** (**L**: *you are inventing them out of your own heart* | **S**: *You are just making them up yourself*) Sanballat accused Nehemiah of things that were not true. Sanballat created these false accusations by imagining them in his own mind. In this context, the **heart** represents someone's thoughts and feelings. The word **invented** means to create or devise something by careful thinking and planning. The words people say reveal the motivations of their hearts and the intentions of their thoughts. People speak sinfully when they make up things and pretend that they are truly happened. Translate **within your heart you invented them** to mean Sanballat made up these accusations about Nehemiah in his thoughts.
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[^ ]: **6:8** **within your heart you invented them** (**L**: *you are inventing them out of your own heart* | **S**: *You are just making them up yourself*). Sanballat accused Nehemiah of things that were not true. Sanballat created these false accusations by imagining them in his own mind. In this context, the **heart** represents someone's thoughts and feelings. The word **invented** means to create or devise something through careful thinking and planning. The words people say reveal the motivations of their hearts and the intentions of their thoughts. People speak sinfully when they make up things and pretend they truly happened. Translate **within your heart you invented them** to mean Sanballat made up these accusations about Nehemiah in his thoughts.
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[^ ]: **6:9** **they all wanted to make us afraid** (**L**: *all of them were frightening us* | **S**: *I knew that they were all just trying to frighten us*) Nehemiah knew that Sanballat wanted to make Nehemiah and the Israelites afraid so that they would stop building the wall. The term **make us afraid** means to intimidate or scare someone to get that person to do something others want. Nehemiah recognized the motive behind the letters. People speak sinfully when they use their words to make people afraid or tempt them to do sinful things. God wants us to use our words to encourage people to trust God and to follow God's ways. Translate **they all wanted to make us afraid** to mean Nehemiah's enemies accused Nehemiah of wrongdoing to try to intimidate him and try to cause him to stop building the walls.
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[^ ]: **6:9** **they all wanted to make us afraid** (**L**: *all of them were frightening us* | **S**: *I knew that they were all just trying to frighten us*). Nehemiah knew that Sanballat wanted to make Nehemiah and the Israelites afraid so that they would stop building the wall. The term **make us afraid** means to intimidate or scare someone to get that person to do something others want. Nehemiah recognized the motive behind the letters. People speak sinfully when they use their words to make people afraid or tempt them to do sinful things. God wants us to use our words to encourage people to trust and follow his ways. Translate **they all wanted to make us afraid** to mean Nehemiah's enemies accused Nehemiah of wrongdoing to try to intimidate him and cause him to stop building the walls.
|
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[^ ]: **6:9** **They will drop their hands from doing the work, and it will not be done** (**L**: *Their hands will drop from the work, and it will not be done* | **S**: *The Jews will become so afraid that they will stop working on the wall, and they will never finish rebuilding it*) The enemies wanted Nehemiah to stop building the walls. In this context, **hand** represents strength, power, control, or action. In this context, the word **drop** means to release or let go of something. To stop working on the wall is described as a hand dropping, or letting go, of something that it is using or making so that the person is no longer working. The implication is that the enemies expected the Jews to become so afraid of being accused of rebelling for rebuilding the wall that they would stop doing that. God wants us to use words to encourage people to do God's work. Translate **They will drop their hands from doing the work, and it will not be done** to mean the workers will stop doing the work on the wall.
|
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[^ ]: **6:9** **They will drop their hands from doing the work, and it will not be done** (**L**: *Their hands will drop from the work, and it will not be done* | **S**: *The Jews will become so afraid that they will stop working on the wall, and they will never finish rebuilding it*) The enemies wanted Nehemiah to stop building the walls. In this context, **hand** represents strength, power, control, or action. In this context, the word **drop** means to release or let go of something. To stop working on the wall is described as a hand dropping or letting go of something it is using or making so that the person is no longer working. The implication is that the enemies expected the Jews to become so afraid of being accused of rebelling for rebuilding the wall that they would stop doing that. God wants us to use words to encourage people to do God's work. Translate **They will drop their hands from doing the work, and it will not be done**, to mean the workers will stop doing the work on the wall.
|
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|
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[^ ]: **6:9** **But now, God, please strengthen my hands** (**L**: *So now, strengthen my hands* | **S**: *So I prayed, "O God, give me courage."*) Nehemiah spoke directly to God by praying to him. He asked God to give him strength to continue the work God wanted him to do. The word **strengthen** means to cause something to be firm or durable so that it resists when others try to destroy or break it. When things are strong they remain intact and undamaged when they undergo a lot of pressure or opposition. In this context, Nehemiah having courage and resolve to continue and complete his work is described as making his hands firm and strong. God wants us to use our words to pray to God and ask for strength and courage to do his work. Translate **But now, God, please strengthen my hands** as a prayer/request for God to give Nehemiah the ability to complete the work God wanted him to do.
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[^ ]: **6:9** **But now, God, please strengthen my hands** (**L**: *So now, strengthen my hands* | **S**: *So I prayed, "O God, give me courage."*) Nehemiah spoke directly to God by praying to him. He asked God to give him the strength to continue the work God wanted him to do. The word **strengthen** means to cause something to be firm or durable so that it resists when others try to destroy or break it. When things are strong, they remain intact and undamaged when they undergo a lot of pressure or opposition. In this context, Nehemiah's courage and resolve to continue and complete his work is described as making his hands firm and strong. God wants us to use our words to pray to God and ask for strength and courage to do his work. Translate **But now, God, please strengthen my hands** as a prayer/request for God to give Nehemiah the ability to complete the work God wanted him to do.
|
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[^ ]: **6:10** **Let us meet together in the house of God, inside the temple** (**L**: *Let us appoint a time to meet in the house of God, in the midst of the temple* | **S**: *We are not safe even here and we need to go into the temple*) Shemaiah asked Nehemiah to meet in the temple. The **temple** was a building surrounded by walled courtyards where the Israelites came to pray and to offer sacrifices to God. The phrase **house of God** refers to the temple as if it were God's dwelling place. The phrase **house of God** refers to the same place as the **temple**. The word **meet together** means for people to gather together and assemble at a common location. Shemaiah seems to be proposing that he and Nehemiah move their meeting to the temple, suggesting that they are not even safe in his house. People speak sinfully when they use words to make secret plans against other people. Translate **Let us meet together in the house of God, inside the temple** as a request for Nehemiah to meet Shemaiah in the temple rather than Shemaiah's house.
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[^ ]: **6:10** **Let us meet together in the house of God, inside the temple** (**L**: *Let us appoint a time to meet in the house of God, in the midst of the temple* | **S**: *We are not safe even here and we need to go into the temple*). Shemaiah asked Nehemiah to meet in the temple. The **temple** was a building surrounded by walled courtyards where the Israelites came to pray and offer sacrifices to God. The phrase **house of God** refers to the temple as if it were God's dwelling place. The phrase **house of God** refers to the same place as the **temple**. The word **meet together** means for people to gather together and assemble at a common location. Shemaiah seems to propose that he and Nehemiah move their meeting to the temple, suggesting they are not even safe in his house. People speak sinfully when they use words to make secret plans against other people. Translate **Let us meet together in the house of God, inside the temple**, as a request for Nehemiah to meet Shemaiah in the temple rather than Shemaiah's house.
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[^ ]: **6:10** **let us close the doors of the temple, for they are coming to kill you** (**L**: *let us shut the doors of the temple, for they are coming to kill you* | **S**: *We need to lock the doors, because people are trying to kill you*) Shemaiah told Nehemiah that they should hide in temple because people were trying to kill Nehemiah. The phrase **close the doors** does not just mean to close the doors but lock them. Shemaiah does not say who these people are. The vagueness of Shemaiah's words seems to be part of his strategy to frighten Nehemiah. Only certain people were allowed in the temple. Nehemiah would have sinned if he went into the temple to protect himself. People speak sinfully when they try to get people to sinful things they think will benefit themselves or keep themselves safe. Sometimes people say vague and unclear things that create doubt or fear in others. Translate **let us close the doors of the temple, for they are coming to kill you** as an instruction for Shemaiah and Nehemiah to lock themselves inside in the temple to hide from people who are trying to kill Nehemiah.
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[^ ]: **6:10** **let us close the doors of the temple, for they are coming to kill you** (**L**: *let us shut the doors of the temple, for they are coming to kill you* | **S**: *We need to lock the doors, because people are trying to kill you*). Shemaiah told Nehemiah that they should hide in the temple because people were trying to kill Nehemiah. The phrase **close the doors** does not just mean to close the doors but lock them. Shemaiah does not say who these people are. The vagueness of Shemaiah's words seems to be part of his strategy to frighten Nehemiah. Only certain people were allowed into the temple. Nehemiah would have sinned if he had gone into the temple to protect himself. People speak sinfully when they try to get people to do sinful things they think will benefit themselves or keep themselves safe. Sometimes people say vague and unclear things that create doubt or fear in others. Translate **let us close the doors of the temple, for they are coming to kill you**, as an instruction for Shemaiah and Nehemiah to lock themselves inside the temple to hide from people who are trying to kill Nehemiah.
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[^ ]: **6:10** **At night they are coming to kill you** (**L**: *Yes, at night they are coming to kill you* | **S**: *One night they are going to come and kill you*) Shemaiah told Nehemiah that people were coming at night to kill Nehemiah. The phrase **at night** seems designed to make Nehemiah even more afraid because this means that the killers will come in the dark when he is asleep, so he won't be able to protect himself. People speak sinfully when they cause someone to be worried or anxious in order to cause them to disobey God. Translate **At night they are coming to kill you** to mean people were planning on killing Nehemiah at night.
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[^ ]: **6:10** **At night they are coming to kill you** (**L**: *Yes, at night they are coming to kill you* | **S**: *One night they are going to come and kill you*). Shemaiah told Nehemiah that people were coming at night to kill Nehemiah. The phrase **at night** seems designed to make Nehemiah even more afraid because this means that the killers will come in the dark when he is asleep, so he won't be able to protect himself. People speak sinfully when they cause someone to be worried or anxious to cause them to disobey God. Translate **At night they are coming to kill you** to mean people were planning on killing Nehemiah at night.
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[^ ]: **6:11** **Would a man like me run away?** (**L**: *Should a man such as I run away?* | **S**: *I am not the kind of man who would run away!*) Nehemiah did not plan to flee from this supposed danger. Nehemiah used this question to make a statement about his commitment to God's work. Nehemiah did not expect Shemaiah to tell him whether or not he should run away. Instead, Nehemiah is using the question form to emphasize that he is not going to do what Shemaiah has suggested. God's people should use their words to announce their commitment to God and his work. Translate **Would a man like me run away?** as a question that expresses Nehemiah was not the kind of man to leave God's work and flee from danger just to protect his life.
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[^ ]: **6:11** **Would a man like me run away?** (**L**: *Should a man such as I run away?* | **S**: *I am not the kind of man who would run away!*) Nehemiah did not plan to flee from this supposed danger. Nehemiah used this question to make a statement about his commitment to God's work. Nehemiah did not expect Shemaiah to tell him whether or not he should run away. Instead, Nehemiah uses the question form to emphasize that he will not do what Shemaiah has suggested. God's people should use their words to announce their commitment to God and his work. Translate **Would a man like me run away?** as a question expressing that Nehemiah was not the kind to leave God's work and flee from danger to protect his life.
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[^ ]: **6:11** **Would a man like me go into the temple just so he could save his own life?** (**L**: *who, such as I, is it that could go in to the temple and live?* | **S**: *I am the governor, and everyone knows me, so I could not save my life by trying to hide in the temple*) Nehemiah did not plan to use the sacred place of the temple to protect himself against supposed killers. Nehemiah used this question to tell Shemaiah that he would not disobey God to protect his life. Nehemiah did not expect Shemiah to tell him whether going into the temple would save his life. God wants us to use our words to affirm our commitment to follow God's commands and honor him as holy. Translate **Would a man like me go into the temple just so he could save his own life?** to mean as a question that expresses Nehemiah was not the kind of man to disobey God and go into the temple just to protect his life.
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[^ ]: **6:11** **Would a man like me go into the temple just so he could save his own life?** (**L**: *who, such as I, is it that could go in to the temple and live?* | **S**: *I am the governor, and everyone knows me, so I could not save my life by trying to hide in the temple*). Nehemiah did not plan to use the sacred place of the temple to protect himself against supposed killers. Nehemiah used this question to tell Shemaiah that he would not disobey God to protect his life. Nehemiah did not expect Shemiah to tell him whether going into the temple would save his life. God wants us to use our words to affirm our commitment to follow God's commands and honor him as holy. Translate **Would a man like me go into the temple just so he could save his own life?** to mean as a question that expresses Nehemiah was not the kind of man to disobey God and go into the temple just to protect his life.
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[^ ]: **6:11** **I will not go in!** (**L**: *I will not go in!* | **S**: *I refuse to do it!*) Nehemiah did not do what Shemaiah told him to do. God wants his people to use their words to announce and affirm their refusal to do sinful things. Translate **I will not go in** as a strong statement that Nehemiah refused to go into the temple as Shemaiah instructed.
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[^ ]: **6:12** **I realized that it was not God who sent him** (**L**: *I recognized God had not sent him* | **S**: *I realized that God had not given Shemaiah a prophetic message for me*) Nehemiah knew that Shemaiah was not saying God's words. Shemaiah seems to have been pretending that God had revealed to him prophetically that people would be coming secretly at night to kill Nehemiah. Nehemiah realized that this was not true. The word **realized** means to clearly understand or to become aware of something. People speak sinfully when they say things that are not from God. God wants his people to speaks God's words. Translate **I realized that it was not God who sent him** to mean Nehemiah clearly understood that God did not send Shemaiah as a messenger and that Shemaiah was not saying true things.
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[^ ]: **6:12** **I realized that it was not God who sent him** (**L**: *I recognized God had not sent him* | **S**: *I realized that God had not given Shemaiah a prophetic message for me*) Nehemiah knew that Shemaiah was not saying God's words. Shemaiah seems to have been pretending that God had revealed to him prophetically that people would be coming secretly at night to kill Nehemiah. Nehemiah realized that this was not true. The word **realized** means to clearly understand or to become aware of something. People speak sinfully when they say things that are not from God. God wants his people to speak God's words. Translate **I realized that it was not God who sent him** to mean Nehemiah clearly understood that God did not send Shemaiah as a messenger and that Shemaiah was not saying true things.
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[^ ]: **6:12** **but that he had prophesied against me** (**L**: *But he spoke the prophecy against me* | **S**: *he was saying these things*) Shemaiah was not a messenger from God. Instead, Shemaiah was saying words like they were a prophesy but they were intended to harm Nehemiah not help him. The word **prophesied** means to speak messages that are from God. Shemaiah was pretending his words were from God but they were not. People speak sinfully when they pretend to say things from God but really use their words to harm God's people and resist God's work. Translate **but that he had prophesied against me** to mean instead of speaking God's words, Shemaiah was pretending to be a prophet and saying these things to hinder Nehemiah's work.
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[^ ]: **6:12** **but that he had prophesied against me** (**L**: *But he spoke the prophecy against me* | **S**: *he was saying these things*). Shemaiah was not a messenger from God. Instead, Shemaiah was saying words like they were a prophecy, but they were intended to harm Nehemiah, not help him. The word **prophesied** means to speak messages that are from God. Shemaiah was pretending his words were from God, but they were not. People speak sinfully when they pretend to say things from God but really use their words to harm God's people and resist God's work. Translate **but that he had prophesied against me** to mean instead of speaking God's words, Shemaiah was pretending to be a prophet and saying these things to hinder Nehemiah's work.
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[^ ]: **6:12** **Tobiah and Sanballat had hired him** (**L**: *for Tobiah and Sanballat had hired him* | **S**: *because Tobiah and Sanballat had paid him to say them*) The reason Shemaiah spoke a false prophesy against Nehemiah was Tobiah and Sanballat paid him to do so. To word **hired** means give someone a job in exchange for wages or payment. People can be motivated to speak wrong things in order to receive money. God wants his people speak the truth regardless of money. Translate **Tobiah and Sanballat had hired him** to mean the reason Shemaiah spoke a false prophecy to Nehemiah was because Nehemiah's enemies, Tobiah and Sanballat, paid Shemaiah to do this.
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[^ ]: **6:12** **Tobiah and Sanballat had hired him** (**L**: *for Tobiah and Sanballat had hired him* | **S**: *because Tobiah and Sanballat had paid him to say them*). Shemaiah spoke a false prophecy against Nehemiah because Tobiah and Sanballat paid him to do so. To word **hired** means to give someone a job in exchange for wages or payment. People can be motivated to speak the wrong things to receive money. God wants his people to speak the truth regardless of money. Translate **Tobiah and Sanballat had hired him** to mean Shemaiah spoke a false prophecy to Nehemiah because Nehemiah's enemies, Tobiah and Sanballat, paid Shemaiah to do this.
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[^ ]: **6:13** **They hired him to make me afraid** (**L**: *For this purpose he was hired, so that I would be afraid* | **S**: *They had paid him the money specifically to say things that would scare me*) Tobiah and Sanballat paid Shemaiah to make Nehemiah afraid. For **hired** see note on 6:12. The word **afraid** means to be sacred or fearful. For **afraid** see note on 6:9. When people are afraid, they can doubt and distrust God. People speak sinfully when they use their words to cause people to not trust God. God wants us to use our words to encourage people to trust in God. Translate **They hired him to make me afraid** to mean Tobiah and Sanballat gave money to Shemaiah so that he would say false things like a prophet and cause Nehemiah to be fearful.
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[^ ]: **6:13** **They hired him to make me afraid** (**L**: *For this purpose he was hired, so that I would be afraid* | **S**: *They had paid him the money specifically to say things that would scare me*). Tobiah and Sanballat paid Shemaiah to make Nehemiah afraid. For **hired**, see note on 6:12. The word **afraid** means to be sacred or fearful. For **afraid**, see note on 6:9. When people are afraid, they can doubt and distrust God. People speak sinfully when they use their words to cause people not to trust God. God wants us to use our words to encourage people to trust in God. Translate **They hired him to make me afraid** to mean Tobiah and Sanballat gave money to Shemaiah so that he would say false things like a prophet and cause Nehemiah to be fearful.
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[^ ]: **6:13** **so that I might do what he said and sin** (**L**: *I would do thus and sin* | **S**: *They were hoping they could make me sin by abandoning my responsibilities and hiding in the temple*) Tobiah and Sanballat paid Shemaiah to make Nehemiah afraid so that Nehemiah would act in a sinful way. The word **sin** means to act in a morally wrong way by disobeying God's commands. People speak sinfully when they use their words to cause other people to disobey God. God wants us to use our words to encourage people to trust God and follow God's commands. Translate **so that I might do what he said and sin** to mean
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[^ ]: **6:13** **so that I might do what he said and sin** (**L**: *I would do thus and sin* | **S**: *They were hoping they could make me sin by abandoning my responsibilities and hiding in the temple*) Tobiah and Sanballat paid Shemaiah to make Nehemiah afraid so that Nehemiah would act in a sinful way. The word **sin** means to act in a morally wrong way by disobeying God's commands. People speak sinfully when they use their words to cause others to disobey God. God wants us to use our words to encourage people to trust and follow God's commands. Translate **so that I might do what he said and sin** to mean
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[^ ]: **6:13** **so they could give me a bad name in order to humiliate me** (**L**: *it might become an evil name to them, so that they could reproach me* | **S**: *If I had done that, they would have ruined my reputation and discredited me*) Tobiah and Sanballat wanted Nehemiah to sin so that they could ridicule him. In this context, **name** refers to the fame or reputation of a person. If Nehemiah hid in the temple to save his own life, Nehemiah would get a bad reputation as a coward who was concerned only for himself. The word **humiliate** means to say disparaging things about someone so that they are embarrassed or ashamed. People speak sinfully when they use their words to shame or humiliate others. God wants us to use our words to honor and edify people, especially leaders. Translate **so they could give me a bad name in order to humiliate me** to mean the reason Tobiah and Sanballat wanted Nehemiah to sin was so they could say shameful things about Nehemiah that would cause other people to no longer trust him as a leader.
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[^ ]: **6:13** **so they could give me a bad name in order to humiliate me** (**L**: *it might become an evil name to them, so that they could reproach me* | **S**: *If I had done that, they would have ruined my reputation and discredited me*). Tobiah and Sanballat wanted Nehemiah to sin so that they could ridicule him. In this context, **name** refers to the fame or reputation of a person. If Nehemiah hid in the temple to save his own life, Nehemiah would get a bad reputation as a coward who was concerned only for himself. The word **humiliate** means to say disparaging things about someone so that they are embarrassed or ashamed. People speak sinfully when they use their words to shame or humiliate others. God wants us to use our words to honor and edify people, especially leaders. Translate **so they could give me a bad name in order to humiliate me** to mean the reason Tobiah and Sanballat wanted Nehemiah to sin was so they could say shameful things about Nehemiah that would cause other people to no longer trust him as a leader.
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[^ ]: **6:14** **Call to mind Tobiah and Sanballat, my God, and all that they did** (**L**: *My God, remember Tobiah, and Sanballat according to these deeds of his* | **S**: *So I prayed, "My God, treat Tobiah and Sanballat the way they deserve for what they have done"*) Nehemiah asked God to rightly judge Tobiah and Sanballat for the wrong they have done. The term **call to mind** means to remember or to think about something one already knows. In this context, **call to mind** means to think about someone and consider what action you should take in their regard. Nehemiah is not suggesting that God has forgotten about Tobiah and Sanballat. Speaking is a kind of action. God will judge people for ever word they have have spoke. God wants people to be careful about what they speak and make sure they use their words to please God. Translate **Call to mind Tobiah and Sanballat, my God, and all that they did** as a request/prayer for God to judge Tobiah and Sanballat the way they deserve because of the evil things they did against Nehemiah and the Israelites.
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[^ ]: **6:14** **Call to mind Tobiah and Sanballat, my God, and all that they did** (**L**: *My God, remember Tobiah, and Sanballat according to these deeds of his* | **S**: *So I prayed, "My God, treat Tobiah and Sanballat the way they deserve for what they have done"*) Nehemiah asked God to rightly judge Tobiah and Sanballat for the wrong they have done. The term **call to mind** means remembering or thinking about something one already knows. In this context, **call to mind** means to think about someone and consider what action you should take in their regard. Nehemiah is not suggesting that God has forgotten about Tobiah and Sanballat. Speaking is a kind of action. God will judge people for every word they have spoken. God wants people to be careful about what they speak and use their words to please him. Translate **Call to mind Tobiah and Sanballat, my God, and all that they did** as a request/prayer for God to judge Tobiah and Sanballat the way they deserve because of the evil things they did against Nehemiah and the Israelites.
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15 So the wall was finished on the twenty-fifth day of the month of Elul, after fifty-two days.[^ ] 16 When all our enemies heard of it, all the nations around us,[^ ] they became afraid and they fell greatly in their own eyes.[^ ] For they knew the work was done with the help of our God.[^ ] 17 At this time the nobles of Judah sent many letters to Tobiah,[^ ] and Tobiah's letters came to them.[^ ] 18 For there were many in Judah who were bound by an oath to him,[^ ] because he was the son-in-law of Shecaniah son of Arah.[^ ] His son Jehohanan had taken as his wife the daughter of Meshullam son of Berechiah.[^ ] 19 They also spoke to me about his good deeds and reported my words back to him.[^ ] Letters were sent to me from Tobiah to frighten me.[^ ]
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[^ ]: **6:15** **So the wall was finished on the twenty-fifth day of the month of Elul, after fifty-two days** (**L**: *And the wall was finished on 25 of Elul, on day 52* | **S**: *We finished rebuilding the wall on the twenty-fifth day of the month of Elul, after working on it for 52 days*) Nehemiah and the Israelites completed their work on the walls. God enabled Translate **So the wall was finished on the twenty-fifth day of the month of Elul, after fifty-two days** to mean Nehemiah and the Israelites completed the walls after fifty-two days of work.
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[^ ]: **6:15** **So the wall was finished on the twenty-fifth day of the month of Elul, after fifty-two days** (**L**: *And the wall was finished on 25 of Elul, on day 52* | **S**: *We finished rebuilding the wall on the twenty-fifth day of the month of Elul, after working on it for 52 days*). Nehemiah and the Israelites completed their work on the walls. God enabled Translate **So the wall was finished on the twenty-fifth day of the month of Elul, after fifty-two days** to mean Nehemiah and the Israelites completed the walls after fifty-two days of work.
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[^ ]: **6:16** **When all our enemies heard of it, all the nations around us** (**L**: *when all our enemies heard, all the nations that were around us* | **S**: *When all of our enemies learned that we had completed the rebuilding in such a short time*) Many people heard that Israel finished building the walls. For **heard** see note on 6:1. These enemies and people from other countries learned by some means that work had been completed. An implication is that the people came to understand that the Israelites completed the rebuilding in such a short time. God wants his people to use their words to spread the news about God and his work in the world. Translate **When all our enemies heard of it, all the nations around us** to mean those who opposed Israel and those who lived in other countries learned that the wall was completely finished and at this time they became afraid.
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[^ ]: **6:16** **When all our enemies heard of it, all the nations around us** (**L**: *when all our enemies heard, all the nations that were around us* | **S**: *When all of our enemies learned that we had completed the rebuilding in such a short time*) Many people heard that Israel finished building the walls. For **heard**, see note on 6:1. These enemies and people from other countries learned by some means that work had been completed. An implication is that the people came to understand that the Israelites completed the rebuilding in such a short time. God wants his people to use their words to spread the news about God and his work in the world. Translate **When all our enemies heard of it, all the nations around us** to mean those who opposed Israel, and those who lived in other countries, learned that the wall was completely finished, and at this time, they became afraid.
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[^ ]: **6:16** **they became afraid and they fell greatly in their own eyes** (**L**: *were afraid, and they fell extremely in their eyes* | **S**: *This made the people in the countries around us lose all of their confidence*) The enemies of Israel and people from other countries were afraid when they understood that Israel had finished building the walls of Jerusalem. In this context, **eyes** stand for seeing and represents means judgment. This means that these people were no longer so great or powerful in their own estimation. The phrase **fell greatly in their own eyes** means they thought much less of themselves or they lost confidence in themselves. The phrase **became afraid** and **fell greatly in their own eyes** mean similar things. Nehemiah uses the repetition to emphasize how intimidated the people in the surrounding countries felt. God wants his people to use their words so that people will come to deeply respect God and know how powerful his is. Translate **they became afraid and they fell greatly in their own eyes** to mean the enemies of Israel and people from other countries felt fear and became unconfident when they learned that the Israelites finished building the city walls of Jerusalem.
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[^ ]: **6:16** **they became afraid and they fell greatly in their own eyes** (**L**: *were afraid, and they fell extremely in their eyes* | **S**: *This made the people in the countries around us lose all of their confidence*) The enemies of Israel and people from other countries were afraid when they understood that Israel had finished building the walls of Jerusalem. In this context, **eyes** stand for seeing and represent judgment. This means that these people were no longer so great or powerful in their own estimation. The phrase **fell greatly in their own eyes** means they thought much less of themselves or they lost confidence in themselves. The phrase **became afraid** and **fell greatly in their own eyes** mean similar things. Nehemiah uses repetition to emphasize how intimidated the people in the surrounding countries felt. God wants his people to use their words so that they will come to deeply respect God and know his power. Translate **they became afraid and they fell greatly in their own eyes** to mean the enemies of Israel and people from other countries felt fear and became unconfident when they learned that the Israelites had finished building the city walls of Jerusalem.
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[^ ]: **6:16** **they knew the work was done with the help of our God** (**L**: *And they knew that this work was done by our God* | **S**: *they realized that our God must have helped us*) The enemies of Israel and people from other countries understood that God empowered the Israelites to finish building the walls. God wants his people to use their words to tell other people how great and powerful God is. Translate **they knew the work was done with the help of our God** to mean the enemies of Israel and people from other countries realized that Israel's God had helped the Israelites complete the work of rebuilding the city walls of Jerusalem.
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[^ ]: **6:16** **they knew the work was done with the help of our God** (**L**: *And they knew that this work was done by our God* | **S**: *they realized that our God must have helped us*). The enemies of Israel and people from other countries understood that God empowered the Israelites to finish building the walls. God wants his people to use their words to tell others how great and powerful God is. Translate **they knew the work was done with the help of our God** to mean the enemies of Israel, and people from other countries, realized that Israel's God had helped the Israelites complete the work of rebuilding the city walls of Jerusalem.
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[^ ]: **6:17** **At this time the nobles of Judah sent many letters to Tobiah** (**L**: *in those days, the nobles of Judah were multiplying their letters going to Tobiah* | **S**: *During this time, the leading citizens of Judah were writing many letters to Tobiah to give him information about me*) Jewish citizens of high standing wrote many letters to Tobiah. The implication is these citizens were sending information to Tobiah about Nehemiah. Perhaps these Jewish nobles wanted to establish partnership between Israel and the people Tobiah represented. The word **nobles** refers to people who belong to a high political or social class. Some people who appear to be a part of God's people will wrongly use their words (written or verbal) to do things against God's people and God's leaders. God's people should be aware of opposition from within the community of faith. Translate **At this time the nobles of Judah sent many letters to Tobiah** to mean the leading citizens of Judah wrote many letters and sent this letters to Tobiah to give him information about Nehemiah.
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[^ ]: **6:17** **At this time the nobles of Judah sent many letters to Tobiah** (**L**: *in those days, the nobles of Judah were multiplying their letters going to Tobiah* | **S**: *During this time, the leading citizens of Judah were writing many letters to Tobiah to give him information about me*). Jewish citizens of high standing wrote many letters to Tobiah. The implication is these citizens were sending information to Tobiah about Nehemiah. Perhaps these Jewish nobles wanted to establish a partnership between Israel and the people Tobiah represented. The word **nobles** refers to people of a high political or social class. Some people who appear to be a part of God's people will wrongly use their words (written or verbal) to do things against God's people and God's leaders. God's people should be aware of opposition from within the community of faith. Translate **At this time the nobles of Judah sent many letters to Tobiah** to, mean the leading citizens of Judah wrote many letters and sent these letters to Tobiah to give him information about Nehemiah.
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[^ ]: **6:17** **Tobiah's letters came to them** (**L**: *those belonging to Tobiah were coming to them* | **S**: *he was sending letters back to them with instructions*) Tobiah sent letters back to the nobles of Judah. In this context, Nehemiah the phrase **came to them** speaks of Tobiah's letters as if they could come on their own to the people he was answering. The implication is that Tobiah was sending back instructions to his allies. These letters were sent to establish partnership with the Jewish nobles. Many people use their words to establish partnerships and pacts with others. God wants his people to be careful with the people with whom they establish agreements or partnerships. Translate **Tobiah's letters came to them** to mean Tobiah sent many messengers with letters back to them with instructions.
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[^ ]: **6:17** **Tobiah's letters came to them** (**L**: *those belonging to Tobiah were coming to them* | **S**: *he was sending letters back to them with instructions*). Tobiah sent letters back to the nobles of Judah. In this context, the phrase **came to them** speaks of Tobiah's letters as if they could come on their own to the people he was answering. The implication is that Tobiah was sending back instructions to his allies. These letters were sent to establish a partnership with the Jewish nobles. Many people use their words to establish partnerships and pacts with others. God wants his people to be careful with the people with whom they establish agreements or partnerships. Translate **Tobiah's letters came to them** to mean Tobiah sent many messengers with letters back to them with instructions.
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[^ ]: **6:18** **there were many in Judah who were bound by an oath to him** (**L**: *many in Judah were masters of oath to him* | **S**: *so, for those reasons, many people in Judah had sworn oaths to be loyal to Tobiah*) Many Israelites made a promise to be Tobiah's ally. The word **oath** means a formal promise, usually made in a legal or religious context, in which the person making the oath accepts some kind of accountability or punishment if he does not fulfill his promise. The translated phrase **bound** literally means masters. Being responsible/committed to fulfill a promise/oath is described as being a master or owner of an oath. The phrase **bound by oath** means that many Judeans were "owners of oaths" to Tobiah. That is, they had sworn oaths to be loyal to him. People can use words to make promises or oaths. People use their words sinfully when they make promises or oaths to ungodly people or ungodly causes. God does not want people to make oaths or partnerships with evil people. God also expects that people fulfill promises they make. Translate **there were many in Judah who were bound by an oath to him** to mean many Israelites living in Judah had sworn an oath to be loyal to Tobiah.
|
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[^ ]: **6:18** **there were many in Judah who were bound by an oath to him** (**L**: *many in Judah were masters of oath to him* | **S**: *so, for those reasons, many people in Judah had sworn oaths to be loyal to Tobiah*) Many Israelites made a promise to be Tobiah's ally. The word **oath** means a formal promise, usually made in a legal or religious context, in which the person making the oath accepts some kind of accountability or punishment if he does not fulfill his promise. The translated phrase **bound** literally means masters. Being responsible/committed to fulfilling a promise/oath is described as being a master or owner of an oath. The phrase **bound by oath** means that many Judeans were "owners of oaths" to Tobiah. That is, they had sworn oaths to be loyal to him. People can use words to make promises or oaths. People use their words sinfully when making promises or oaths to ungodly people or causes. God does not want people to make oaths or partnerships with evil people. God also expects that people fulfill the promises they make. Translate **there were many in Judah who were bound by an oath to him** to mean many Israelites living in Judah had sworn an oath to be loyal to Tobiah.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **6:18** **because he was the son-in-law of Shecaniah son of Arah** (**L**: *because he was the son-in-law of Shecaniah the son of Arah* | **S**: *Tobiah was married to the daughter of {a powerful and influential member of the community, Shecaniah the son of Arah*) Many Israelites made oaths to Tobiah so they could be connected to social or political power. This statement means that Tobiah was married to the daughter of Shecaniah. The implication is that Shecaniah was a powerful and influential member of the community. Some people make promises to people to gain political or social power. God wants us to use our words to show our loyalty to God. Translate **because he was the son-in-law of Shecaniah son of Arah** to mean many Israelites made oaths to Tobiah because Tobiah was married to the daughter of a powerful and influential member of the community, Shecaniah the son of Arah.
|
||||
[^ ]: **6:18** **because he was the son-in-law of Shecaniah son of Arah** (**L**: *because he was the son-in-law of Shecaniah the son of Arah* | **S**: *Tobiah was married to the daughter of {a powerful and influential member of the community, Shecaniah the son of Arah*). Many Israelites made oaths to Tobiah so they could be connected to social or political power. This statement means that Tobiah was married to the daughter of Shecaniah. The implication is that Shecaniah was a powerful and influential member of the community. Some people make promises to people to gain political or social power. God wants us to use our words to show our loyalty to God. Translate **because he was the son-in-law of Shecaniah son of Arah** to mean many Israelites made oaths to Tobiah because Tobiah was married to the daughter of a powerful and influential member of the community, Shecaniah, the son of Arah.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **6:18** **His son Jehohanan had taken as his wife the daughter of Meshullam son of Berechiah** (**L**: *Jehohanan his son had taken the daughter of Meshullam the son of Berechiah* | **S**: *His son Jehohanan was married to the daughter of another powerful and influential man, Meshullam the son of Berechiah*) The implication is that Meshullam was another powerful and influential member of the community. Translate **His son Jehohanan had taken as his wife the daughter of Meshullam son of Berechiah** to mean Tobiah's son Jehohanan was married to the daughter of another powerful and influential man, Meshullam the son of Berechiah.
|
||||
[^ ]: **6:18** **His son Jehohanan had taken as his wife the daughter of Meshullam son of Berechiah** (**L**: *Jehohanan his son had taken the daughter of Meshullam the son of Berechiah* | **S**: *His son Jehohanan was married to the daughter of another powerful and influential man, Meshullam the son of Berechiah*) The implication is that Meshullam was another powerful and influential member of the community. Translate **His son Jehohanan had taken as his wife the daughter of Meshullam son of Berechiah** to mean Tobiah's son Jehohanan was married to the daughter of another powerful and influential man, Meshullam, the son of Berechiah.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **6:19** **They also spoke to me about his good deeds and reported my words back to him** (**L**: *they were saying his good deeds before my face, and they were taking out my words to him* | **S**: *The people who were loyal to Tobiah would also come and tell me what good things he was doing, and then they would report to him everything I said in response*) Many Israelites told Nehemiah how great Tobiah was. These Israelites also told Tobiah the things Nehemiah said. There many have been many good things Tobiah did, but Tobiah clearly did not want Nehemiah to succeed. The people could have been saying true things about Tobiah in order to help negotiations between Nehemiah and Tobiah. They also could have been saying good things about Tobiah that were note true. People can speak sinfully when they use flattery to say good things about people that are not true. People can also use words wrongly by forming partnerships with people that do not honor God. Translate **They also spoke to me about his good deeds and reported my words back to him** to mean the Jewish nobles told Nehemiah about Tobiah's good deeds and then told Tobiah about Nehemiah's responses.
|
||||
[^ ]: **6:19** **They also spoke to me about his good deeds and reported my words back to him** (**L**: *they were saying his good deeds before my face, and they were taking out my words to him* | **S**: *The people who were loyal to Tobiah would also come and tell me what good things he was doing, and then they would report to him everything I said in response*). Many Israelites told Nehemiah how great Tobiah was. These Israelites also told Tobiah the things Nehemiah said. There may have been many good things Tobiah did, but Tobiah clearly did not want Nehemiah to succeed. The people could have been saying true things about Tobiah in order to help negotiate between Nehemiah and Tobiah. They also could have been saying good things about Tobiah that were not true. People can speak sinfully when they use flattery to say good things about people that are not true. People can also misuse words by forming partnerships with people that do not honor God. Translate **They also spoke to me about his good deeds and reported my words back to him** to mean the Jewish nobles told Nehemiah about Tobiah's good deeds and then told Tobiah about Nehemiah's responses.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **6:19** **Letters were sent to me from Tobiah to frighten me** (**L**: *Tobiah sent letters to frighten me* | **S**: *Tobiah also sent me many letters to try to make me afraid*) Tobiah wrote letters to try to intimidate Nehemiah. For the word **frighten** see note on 6:9. Translate **Letters were sent to me from Tobiah to frighten me** to mean Tobiah sent letters to cause Nehemiah to feel afriad so that Nehemiah would do what they wanted him to do.
|
||||
[^ ]: **6:19** **Letters were sent to me from Tobiah to frighten me** (**L**: *Tobiah sent letters to frighten me* | **S**: *Tobiah also sent me many letters to try to make me afraid*). Tobiah wrote letters to try to intimidate Nehemiah. For the word **frighten**, see note on 6:9. Translate **Letters were sent to me from Tobiah to frighten me** to mean Tobiah sent letters to cause Nehemiah to feel afraid so that Nehemiah would do what they wanted him to do.
|
||||
|
||||
7:1 When the wall was finished and I had set up the doors in place,[^ ] and the gatekeepers and singers and Levites had been appointed,[^ ] 2 I gave my brother Hanani charge over Jerusalem,[^ ] along with Hananiah who had oversight of the fortress,[^ ] for he was a faithful man and feared God more than many.[^ ] 3 I said to them, "Do not open the gates of Jerusalem until the sun is hot.[^ ] While the gatekeepers are on guard, you may shut the doors and bar them. Appoint guards from those who live in Jerusalem,[^ ] some at the place of their guard station, and some in front of their own homes." 4 Now the city was wide and large, but there were few people within it,[^ ] and no houses had yet been rebuilt.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **7:1** **When the wall was finished and I had set up the doors in place** (**L**: *when the wall was built and I had set up the doors* | **S**: *Once we had finished rebuilding the wall and we had put the doors in the gates*) When Nehemiah and the Israelites finished the work of building the walls, they placed the doors on the gates. Translate **When the wall was finished and I had set up the doors in place** to mean at the time Nehemiah and the Israelites completely built the wall and put the doors on the gates.
|
||||
[^ ]: **7:1** **When the wall was finished and I had set up the doors in place** (**L**: *when the wall was built and I had set up the doors* | **S**: *Once we had finished rebuilding the wall and we had put the doors in the gates*) When Nehemiah and the Israelites finished the work of building the walls, they placed the doors on the gates. Translate **When the wall was finished and I had set up the doors in place**, to mean at the time Nehemiah and the Israelites completely built the wall and put the doors on the gates.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **7:1** **the gatekeepers and singers and Levites had been appointed** (**L**: *the gatekeepers and the ones who sang and the Levites were appointed* | **S**: *we assigned the gatekeepers and singers and Levites to their tasks*) Nehemiah appointed people to special tasks after the wall was completely built. The **gatekeepers** were people who were assigned to each gate of Jerusalem. They were responsible for controlling access to the city. They would open and close the gates at times and for reasons set by the city administrators. The **singers** were vocal musicians who led in worship, in processions, and ceremonies, producing music and chants that emphasized and enhanced the occasion. The **Levites** were the tribe of Israel responsible for taking care of the temple and conducting religious rituals, including offering sacrifices and prayers for the Israelite people. Like these special servants, people can use their words to serve God and God's people: caring for the community of faith, singing praise to God, and guiding God's people in worship. Like Nehemiah, leaders can use their words to appoint other godly leaders. Translate **the gatekeepers and singers and Levites had been appointed** to mean guards at the city gate, the vocal musicians, and the Israelite tribe of Levi were assigned to their specific tasks.
|
||||
[^ ]: **7:1** **the gatekeepers and singers and Levites had been appointed** (**L**: *the gatekeepers and the ones who sang and the Levites were appointed* | **S**: *we assigned the gatekeepers and singers and Levites to their tasks*). Nehemiah appointed people to special tasks after the wall was completely built. The **gatekeepers** were people who were assigned to each gate of Jerusalem. They were responsible for controlling access to the city. They would open and close the gates at times and for reasons set by the city administrators. The **singers** were vocal musicians who led in worship, processions, and ceremonies, producing music and chants that emphasized and enhanced the occasion. The **Levites** were the tribe of Israel responsible for taking care of the temple and conducting religious rituals, including offering sacrifices and prayers for the Israelite people. Like these special servants, people can use their words to serve God and God's people: caring for the community of faith, singing praise to God, and guiding God's people in worship. Like Nehemiah, leaders can use their words to appoint other godly leaders. Translate **the gatekeepers and singers and Levites had been appointed** to mean guards at the city gate, the vocal musicians and the Israelite tribe of Levi were assigned to their specific tasks.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **7:2** **I gave my brother Hanani charge over Jerusalem, along with Hananiah who had oversight of the fortress** (**L**: *I gave Hanani, my brother, and Hananiah, the official for the citadel, charge over Jerusalem* | **S**: *I appointed two men to help me govern Jerusalem, my brother Hanani and Hananiah, the commander of the fortress in Jerusalem*) At the time Nehemiah and the Israelites finished the work of building the walls, hanging the doors, and appointing special servants, Nehemiah appointed two leaders. People can use their words to establish leaders to take care of God's people. Translate **I gave my brother Hanani charge over Jerusalem, along with Hananiah who had oversight of the fortress** to mean Nehemiah appointed two men to help him govern Jerusalem, his brother Hanani and Hananiah.
|
||||
[^ ]: **7:2** **I gave my brother Hanani charge over Jerusalem, along with Hananiah who had oversight of the fortress** (**L**: *I gave Hanani, my brother, and Hananiah, the official for the citadel, charge over Jerusalem* | **S**: *I appointed two men to help me govern Jerusalem, my brother Hanani and Hananiah, the commander of the fortress in Jerusalem*). At the time Nehemiah and the Israelites finished the work of building the walls, hanging the doors, and appointing special servants, Nehemiah appointed two leaders. People can use their words to establish leaders to care for God's people. Translate **I gave my brother Hanani charge over Jerusalem, along with Hananiah who had oversight of the fortress** to mean Nehemiah appointed two men to help him govern Jerusalem, his brother Hanani and Hananiah.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **7:2** **for he was a faithful man and feared God more than many** (**L**: *For he was according to a faithful man, and he feared God more than many* | **S**: *I appointed Hananiah because he was trustworthy, and because he showed God more reverence and respect than most people do*) Hananiah was a trustworthy man. He lived in a way such as only a faithful man would live. The word **faithful** means loyal or trustworthy. The phrase **feared God** means to show deep respect and honor for God. When leaders appoint other leaders, they should make sure they are loyal to God and deeply respect God. Translate **for he was a faithful man and feared God more than many** to mean Nehemiah appointed Hananiah because he was trustworthy and he showed God more reverence and respect than most people do.
|
||||
[^ ]: **7:2** **for he was a faithful man and feared God more than many** (**L**: *For he was according to a faithful man, and he feared God more than many* | **S**: *I appointed Hananiah because he was trustworthy, and because he showed God more reverence and respect than most people do*) Hananiah was a trustworthy man. He lived in a way that only a faithful man would live. The word **faithful** means loyal or trustworthy. The phrase **feared God** means to show deep respect and honor for God. When leaders appoint other leaders, they should make sure they are loyal to God and deeply respect God. Translate **for he was a faithful man and feared God more than many** to mean Nehemiah appointed Hananiah because he was trustworthy and showed God more reverence and respect than most people do.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **7:3** **Do not open the gates of Jerusalem until the sun is hot** (**L**: *Let not the gates of Jerusalem be opened until the sun becomes hot* | **S**: *Do not open the gates of Jerusalem until broad daylight*) Nehemiah did not want Israel's enemies to attack them by surprise. Nehemiah instructed the Hanani and Hananiah would not have opened the gates physically themselves. Rather, they would have ordered this to be done. The phrase **until the sun is hot** refers to a time of day. Here Nehemiah probably uses the heat of the sun to represent the light of the sun. His intent is to open the gates some time after the sun rises regardless of how hot the sun shines on any particular day. The implication is that the gatekeepers should not open the gates at sunrise, as would have been customary, because the enemies of the Jews could launch a surprise attack in the dim light before most of the city was up and ready for the day. Godly leaders use their words to instruct and protect God's people. Translate **Do not open the gates of Jerusalem until the sun is hot** to mean Nehemiah instructed Hanani and Hananiah that the gates of Jerusalem should remain closed until the time of the day when the sun shines bright.
|
||||
[^ ]: **7:3** **Do not open the gates of Jerusalem until the sun is hot** (**L**: *Let not the gates of Jerusalem be opened until the sun becomes hot* | **S**: *Do not open the gates of Jerusalem until broad daylight*) Nehemiah did not want Israel's enemies to attack them by surprise. Nehemiah instructed Hanani and Hananiah not to open the gates physically themselves. Instead, they would have ordered this to be done. The phrase **until the sun is hot** refers to a time of day. Here Nehemiah probably uses the sun's heat to represent the sun's light. He intended to open the gates sometime after the sun rose, regardless of how hot the sun shone on any particular day. The implication is that the gatekeepers should not open the gates at sunrise, as would have been customary because the enemies of the Jews could launch a surprise attack in the dim light before most of the city was up and ready for the day. Godly leaders use their words to instruct and protect God's people. Translate **Do not open the gates of Jerusalem until the sun is hot** to mean Nehemiah instructed Hanani and Hananiah that the gates of Jerusalem should remain closed until the time of the day when the sun shines bright.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **7:3** **Appoint guards from those who live in Jerusalem** (**L**: *set up watches for those who dwell in Jerusalem* | **S**: *I also told them to have the men who live in Jerusalem take turns keeping watch*) Nehemiah instructed Hanani and Hananiah to set up guards in Jerusalem. The word **appoint** means to cause something to stand or be established in a position. The word **guards** describes someone whose job was to guard a city by looking carefully all around him for any danger or threat to the people in the city. Godly leaders can use their words to establish God's people to protect and care for itself as a community of faith. Translate **Appoint guards from those who live in Jerusalem** as a command for Hanani and Hananiah to establish Israelite guards to protect the city from enemies.
|
||||
[^ ]: **7:3** **Appoint guards from those who live in Jerusalem** (**L**: *set up watches for those who dwell in Jerusalem* | **S**: *I also told them to have the men who live in Jerusalem take turns keeping watch*). Nehemiah instructed Hanani and Hananiah to set up guards in Jerusalem. The word **appoint** means to cause something to stand or be established in a position. The word **guards** describes someone whose job was to guard a city by looking carefully all around him for any danger or threat to the people in the city. Godly leaders can use their words to establish God's people to protect and care for themselves as a community of faith. Translate **Appoint guards from those who live in Jerusalem** as a command for Hanani and Hananiah to establish Israelite guards to protect the city from enemies.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **7:4** **Now the city was wide and large, but there were few people within it** (**L**: *Now the city was wide on two hands and great, and the people were few in the midst of it* | **S**: *The city of Jerusalem covered a large area, but at that time not many people lived in the city*) The city of Jerusalem was was very big. Few people were living in the city at that time. The translated word **wide** literally means **wide on two hands**. The image is that if you stood in the city, there would be a lot of it on both sides of you. The phrase **wide** and **large** describes the size of the city. These two short phrases mean similar things. Nehemiah uses them together to emphasize how large Jerusalem was. Translate **Now the city was wide and large, but there were few people within it** to mean the city of Jerusalem covered a very large area but there were not many people who lived in the city at that time.
|
||||
[^ ]: **7:4** **Now the city was wide and large, but there were few people within it** (**L**: *Now the city was wide on two hands and great, and the people were few in the midst of it* | **S**: *The city of Jerusalem covered a large area, but at that time not many people lived in the city*). The city of Jerusalem was very big. Few people were living in the city at that time. The translated word **wide** literally means **wide on two hands**. The image is that if you stood in the city, there would be a lot of it on both sides of you. The phrase **wide** and **large** describes the size of the city. These two short phrases mean similar things. Nehemiah uses them together to emphasize how large Jerusalem was. Translate **Now the city was wide and large, but there were few people within it** to mean the city of Jerusalem covered a very large area, but there were not many people who lived in the city at that time.
|
||||
|
||||
## Introduction
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -176,9 +176,9 @@ The following verse summarizes the core teaching of this passage. Recite this ve
|
|||
> Do not let any filthy talk come out of your mouth. Use only words that are helpful for building others up, according to their needs, that your words would be helpful to those who hear you. Ephesians 4:29
|
||||
|
||||
#### List Wrong Speech
|
||||
Think of times when you have hurt others with your words or others have hurt you with their words. As a community, make a list of the the many kinds of speech that God considers wrong.
|
||||
Think of times when you have hurt others with your words or others have hurt you with their words. As a community, make a list of the many kinds of speech that God considers wrong.
|
||||
|
||||
> These are some sinful ways to people can use their words...
|
||||
> These are some sinful ways people can use their words...
|
||||
|
||||
#### Read the Passage
|
||||
God wants believers to guard the words they speak. Mature Christians speak in ways that please God and encourage other believers. Read the following passage about the importance of speaking in a godly way.
|
||||
|
|
@ -186,20 +186,20 @@ God wants believers to guard the words they speak. Mature Christians speak in wa
|
|||
> 17 Therefore, get rid of lies, and let each one of you speak truth with his neighbor, because we are members of one another. Ephesians 4:17
|
||||
|
||||
#### Discuss the Passage
|
||||
After reading the passage, discuss the way that God wants us to speak with others. Use the following questions to guide your discussion as a community.
|
||||
After reading the passage, discuss how God wants us to speak with others. Use the following questions to guide your discussion as a community.
|
||||
|
||||
1. What are the different ways that people can lie with their words? What does God want us to do with false speech?
|
||||
2. How does God want us to speak to others?
|
||||
3. Why does God want his people to speak in this way? How does this passage describe the way that Christians are related to one another?
|
||||
3. Why does God want his people to speak in this way? How does this passage describe how Christians relate to one another?
|
||||
4. How can godly speech make a Christian community strong and healthy?
|
||||
|
||||
#### Think about True Speech
|
||||
Think about ways that we can use our speech to encourage others. As a community, make a list of different ways to speak that would please God.
|
||||
Think about ways that we can use our speech to encourage others. As a community, list different ways to speak that would please God.
|
||||
|
||||
> We can speak the truth with others in this way...
|
||||
|
||||
#### Pray to God
|
||||
Use your words to pray together as a group. Ask that God to show you wrong ways of speaking that God wants you to stop. Ask God to help your community develop godly ways of speaking with one another.
|
||||
Use your words to pray together as a group. Ask God to show you the wrong ways of speaking that God wants you to stop. Ask God to help your community develop godly ways of speaking with one another.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Sing Praise to God
|
||||
Choose a song to worship God. Sing this song together of praise together as a community.
|
||||
|
|
@ -212,10 +212,10 @@ Answer the following observation questions to gain a basic understanding of the
|
|||
|
||||
#### Nehemiah 6:1
|
||||
At the beginning of this story, who heard that Nehemiah rebuilt the walls?
|
||||
Sanballat, Tobiah, Geshem the Arabian, and Israel's enemies heard that Nehemiah rebuilt the walls.
|
||||
Sanballat, Tobiah, Geshem the Arabian, and Israel's enemies heard Nehemiah rebuilt the walls.
|
||||
|
||||
How much of the walls did Nehemiah complete?
|
||||
There were no longer any sections left broken open, but Nehemiah did not yet set up the doors in the gates.
|
||||
How many of the walls did Nehemiah complete?
|
||||
No sections were left broken open, but Nehemiah did not yet set up the doors in the gates.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Nehemiah 6:2
|
||||
What message did Sanballat and Geshem send to Nehemiah?
|
||||
|
|
@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ Sanballat and Geshem intended to harm Nehemiah.
|
|||
|
||||
#### Nehemiah 6:3
|
||||
How did Nehemiah respond to the requests of their enemies?
|
||||
Nehemiah sent messengers to them saying, "I am doing a great work and I cannot come down. Why should the work stop while I leave it and come down to you?"
|
||||
Nehemiah sent messengers to them, saying, "I am doing a great work, and I cannot come down. Why should the work stop while I leave it and come down to you?"
|
||||
|
||||
#### Nehemiah 6:4
|
||||
How many times did Sanballat and Geshem send this same message to Nehemiah?
|
||||
|
|
@ -239,24 +239,24 @@ Nehemiah answered Sanballat and Geshem the same way each time.
|
|||
Why did Sanballat send his servant to Nehemiah?
|
||||
Sanballat sent his servant to Nehemiah in the same way.
|
||||
|
||||
When Sanballat's servant went to Nehemiah, what number times was this message sent?
|
||||
This was the fifth time Nehemiah received this message.
|
||||
When Sanballat's servant went to Nehemiah, what number of times was this message sent?
|
||||
This was the fifth time Nehemiah had received this message.
|
||||
|
||||
What was the servant carrying when he went to deliver this message to Nehemiah?
|
||||
What was the servant carrying when delivering this message to Nehemiah?
|
||||
The servant was carrying an open letter in his hand.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Nehemiah 6:6
|
||||
What did Sanballat say in his fifth message?
|
||||
He said that Geshem and all the nations reported that Nehemiah and the Jews were planning to rebel, and this was why they were rebuilding the walls.
|
||||
He said that Geshem and all the nations reported that Nehemiah and the Jews were planning to rebel, which was why they were rebuilding the walls.
|
||||
|
||||
What reports did the letter claim about Nehemiah?
|
||||
The letter said that reports claimed Nehemiah was about to become the king of the Jews.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Nehemiah 6:7
|
||||
What did the letter said Nehemiah did to become king?
|
||||
The letter said that Nehemiah appointed prophets to make a proclamation that there was a king in Judah.
|
||||
What did the letter say Nehemiah did to become king?
|
||||
The letter said Nehemiah appointed prophets to proclaim that there was a king in Judah.
|
||||
|
||||
Who did the letter say would heard these reports about Nehemiah claiming to be king?
|
||||
Who did the letter say would hear these reports about Nehemiah claiming to be king?
|
||||
The letter said that the king (King Artaxerxes) would hear the reports about Nehemiah claiming to be king.
|
||||
|
||||
What did the letter request Nehemiah to do?
|
||||
|
|
@ -264,13 +264,13 @@ The letter asked for Nehemiah to meet with Sanballat.
|
|||
|
||||
#### Nehemiah 6:8
|
||||
How did Nehemiah respond to Sanballat's fifth message?
|
||||
Nehemiah responded by saying Sanballat claims were not true and he invented the reports in his heart.
|
||||
Nehemiah responded by saying Sanballat's claims were false, and he invented the reports in his heart.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Nehemiah 6:9
|
||||
Whey did Nehemiah's enemies sent these messages?
|
||||
Why did Nehemiah's enemies send these messages?
|
||||
They wanted to make Nehemiah and the Israelites afraid so they would stop working on the walls.
|
||||
|
||||
What did Nehemiah pray when he realized that Sanballat and Jews' enemies were trying to make the work stop and the Jews afraid?
|
||||
What did Nehemiah pray when he realized Sanballat and the Jews' enemies were trying to stop the work and make the Jews afraid?
|
||||
Nehemiah prayed that God would strengthen his hands.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Nehemiah 6:10
|
||||
|
|
@ -292,14 +292,14 @@ Nehemiah refused because he thought a man like himself should not run away to sa
|
|||
|
||||
#### Nehemiah 6:12
|
||||
What did Nehemiah realize about Shemaiah and what he said?
|
||||
Nehemiah realize that God did not send Shemaiah, Shemaiah spoke a prophesy against Nehemiah, and Tobiah and Sanballat had hired Shemaiah to say these words.
|
||||
Nehemiah realized that God did not send Shemaiah. Shemaiah spoke a prophecy against Nehemiah, and Tobiah and Sanballat hired Shemaiah to say these words.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Nehemiah 6:13
|
||||
Why did Tobiah and Sanballat hire Shemaiah?
|
||||
Tobiah and Sanballat hired Shemaiah to make Nehemiah afraid and cause him to go into the temple to hide.
|
||||
|
||||
What would have happened if Nehemiah had gone into the temple?
|
||||
If Nehemiah went into the temple he would have sinned, and then Tobiah and Sanballat would have given Nehemiah a bad name in order to humiliate him.
|
||||
If Nehemiah went into the temple, he would have sinned, and then Tobiah and Sanballat would have given Nehemiah a bad name in order to humiliate him.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Nehemiah 6:14
|
||||
What did Nehemiah pray the second time?
|
||||
|
|
@ -317,19 +317,19 @@ Why did Nehemiah's enemies become afraid and fall in their own esteem when the w
|
|||
They became afraid because they knew the work was done with the help of the Jews' God.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Nehemiah 6:17
|
||||
What did the noble of Judah and Tobiah sent to each other?
|
||||
What did the noble of Judah and Tobiah send to each other?
|
||||
The nobles of Judah sent many letters to Tobiah, and Tobiah's letters came to them.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Nehemiah 6:18
|
||||
Why were Jewish people sending letters to Tobiah?
|
||||
Jewish people were sending letters to Tobiah because many of them were bound by an oath to Tobiah.
|
||||
|
||||
Who were powerful people Tobiah was related to?
|
||||
Tobiah was the son-in-law of Shecaniah son of Arah, and Tobiah's son Jehohanan had taken as his wife the daughter of Meshullam son of Berechiah.
|
||||
Who were the powerful people Tobiah was related to?
|
||||
Tobiah was the son-in-law of Shecaniah, son of Arah, and Tobiah's son Jehohanan had taken as his wife, the daughter of Meshullam, son of Berechiah.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Nehemiah 6:19
|
||||
What did some Jews tell Nehemiah about Tobiah?
|
||||
Some Jews told Nehemiah the good deeds done by Tobiah.
|
||||
Some Jews told Nehemiah about the good deeds done by Tobiah.
|
||||
|
||||
What did some Jews tell Tobiah about Nehemiah?
|
||||
Some Jews reported Nehemiah's words back to Tobiah.
|
||||
|
|
@ -342,13 +342,13 @@ What things did Nehemiah do to finish his work?
|
|||
Nehemiah finished building the wall, set the doors in place, and appointed gatekeepers, singers, and Levites.
|
||||
|
||||
When did Nehemiah give his brother Hanani charge over Jerusalem?
|
||||
Nehemiah gave Hanani charge after he had finished the wall, set up the doors, and appointed the gatekeepers, singers, and Levites.
|
||||
Nehemiah gave Hanani a charge after he had finished the wall, set up the doors, and appointed the gatekeepers, singers, and Levites.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Nehemiah 7:2
|
||||
Who did Nehemiah put in charge over Jerusalem?
|
||||
Who did Nehemiah put in charge of Jerusalem?
|
||||
Nehemiah gave his brother Hanani charge over Jerusalem.
|
||||
|
||||
Who did Nehemiah put in charge over the fortress?
|
||||
Who did Nehemiah put in charge of the fortress?
|
||||
Nehemiah gave Hananiah oversight of the fortress.
|
||||
|
||||
Why did Nehemiah give Hananiah oversight of the fortress?
|
||||
|
|
@ -362,27 +362,27 @@ What was supposed to happen when the gatekeepers were on guard?
|
|||
While the gatekeepers are on guard, they should shut the doors and bar them.
|
||||
|
||||
Where did Nehemiah want guards to be established?
|
||||
Nehemiah wanted some guards at the place of their guard station, and some in front of their own homes.
|
||||
Nehemiah wanted some guards at the place of their guard station and some in front of their own homes.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Nehemiah 7:4
|
||||
Although the city was wide and large, were there people and houses within it?
|
||||
There were few people within the city, and no houses.
|
||||
There were few people within the city and no houses.
|
||||
|
||||
### Translation Questions
|
||||
Use the following translation questions to understand specific details of the passage. Discuss how you might translate these specific elements of the text.
|
||||
|
||||
### Grammar and Translation Training: Goal (Purpose) Relationship
|
||||
*Use the following exercise to learn about a specific grammar issue and its importance to understand the meaning of a text. This exercise will also help you develop skills to translate this issue accurately and naturally in your own language. If you need additional help on this translation topic, please reference [translationAcademy](https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/v24/03-translate.html#grammar-connect-logic-goal).*
|
||||
### Grammar and Translation Training: Goal (Purpose) Relationship
|
||||
*Use the following exercise to learn about a specific grammar issue and its importance in understanding the meaning of a text. This exercise will also help you develop skills to translate this issue accurately and naturally in your own language. If you need additional help on this translation topic, please reference [translationAcademy](https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/v24/03-translate.html#grammar-connect-logic-goal).*
|
||||
|
||||
#### Explanation of Translation Issue
|
||||
*Read (or listen) to the explanation of the translation issue. As a community, discuss your understanding of this translation issue and its importance for translating the text.*
|
||||
|
||||
A Goal Relationship is a logical relationship in which the second event is the purpose or goal of the first event. In order for something to be a goal relationship, someone must do the first event with the intention that it will cause the second event. In Scripture, the goal or purpose may be stated either first or second. Words commonly used to indicate a goal relationship in English are "to," "for," "in order to," "in order that," or “so that." It is important that the translator recognize the words that signal a goal relationship and translate that relationship in a natural way.
|
||||
A Goal Relationship is a logical relationship in which the second event is the purpose or goal of the first event. For something to be a goal relationship, someone must do the first event with the intention that it will cause the second event. In Scripture, the goal or purpose may be stated either first or second. Words commonly used to indicate a goal relationship in English are "to," "for," "in order to," "in order that," or “so that." It is important that the translator recognize the words that signal a goal relationship and translate that relationship in a natural way.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Examples in Biblical Passages
|
||||
*Read (or listen) to the passages below. Use the explanation above to complete the following activity.*
|
||||
|
||||
Review the explanation of goal relationships above. Identify the person, the goal and action taken by the person in an attempt to achieve their goal. Key indicators of goal relationships in English have been placed in bold when they exist. This should help with the identification of the goal relationship. Finally, discuss the meaning of these goal relationships and how they contribute to the overall meaning of each passage.
|
||||
Review the explanation of goal relationships above. Identify the person, the goal, and the action taken by the person in an attempt to achieve their goal. Key indicators of goal relationships in English have been placed in bold when they exist. This should help with the identification of the goal relationship. Finally, discuss the meaning of these goal relationships and how they contribute to the overall meaning of each passage.
|
||||
|
||||
**Passage 1**: Judges 6:11
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -401,15 +401,15 @@ Review the explanation of goal relationships above. Identify the person, the goa
|
|||
> 15 It came about that when the angels had gone away from them into heaven, the shepherds said to each other, "Let us now go to Bethlehem, and see this thing that has happened, which the Lord has made known to us."
|
||||
|
||||
#### Discovery of Your Own Language
|
||||
*Now that you understand the basics of this language issue, discuss if your language works in this specific way. Then, talk about different ways
|
||||
*Now that you understand the basics of this language issue, discuss if your language works in this specific way. Then, talk about different ways.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Does your language use specific words, and/or place statements in a particular order, to show the logical goal (purpose) relationship? *Discuss if people in your language can create goal (purpose) statements in a natural way.*
|
||||
1. Does your language use specific words and/or place statements in a particular order, to show the logical goal (purpose) relationship? *Discuss if people in your language can create goal (purpose) statements in a natural way.*
|
||||
2. How can you use your language to communicate in a similar way? *Discuss how speakers in your language can use specific words, specific word or clause sequences, or some other means to show a person doing actions for a specific purpose or to achieve a particular goal.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Connecting Language and Theology
|
||||
*The study of language helps us understand theology. As a community, complete the following exercise to understand how this particular language concept teaches us more about the Christian faith.*
|
||||
|
||||
In the following passages, the biblical author uses goal statements to illustrate positive or negative aspects of speech. God wants us to use speech to build people up, but often people use words to tear other people down. The ability to express goal relationships using words is a feature of all languages. It is a God-given feature which allows the expression of intentionality and theological truth. Read the passages below. Identify person (agent), action, and goal of each goal statement. Discuss how each goal statement contributes to a better understanding of bad ways and godly ways of speaking.
|
||||
In the following passages, the biblical author uses goal statements to illustrate positive or negative aspects of speech. God wants us to use speech to build people up, but people often use words to tear others down. The ability to express goal relationships using words is a feature of all languages. It is a God-given feature that expresses intentionality and theological truth. Read the passages below. Identify the person (agent), action, and goal of each goal statement. Discuss how each goal statement contributes to a better understanding of bad and godly ways of speaking.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Ephesians 4:29
|
||||
29 Do not let any filthy talk come out of your mouth. Use only words that are helpful for building others up, according to their needs, that your words would be helpful to those who hear you.
|
||||
|
|
@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ In the following passages, the biblical author uses goal statements to illustrat
|
|||
#### Translation Suggestions
|
||||
*The following list provides some translation suggestions. Read (or listen) to these suggestions and discuss how your community will address this translation issue in your own language.*
|
||||
|
||||
Different languages indicate goal relationships in different ways. They use different types of words to indicate the relationship, and they also differ in their preferred order for the statements. If your language uses goal or purpose relationships in the same way as in the text, then use them as they are. If not, consider the translation strategies below.
|
||||
Different languages indicate goal relationships in different ways. They use different types of words to indicate the relationship, and they differ in their preferred order for the statements. If your language uses goal or purpose relationships in the same way as in the text, use them as they are. If not, consider the translation strategies below.
|
||||
|
||||
1. If the construction of the Goal statement is unclear, change it to one that is more clear.
|
||||
2. If the order of the statements makes the Goal statement unclear or confusing for the reader, then change the order.
|
||||
|
|
@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ Goal (purpose) relationships are...
|
|||
These are some ways that we will translate goal (purpose) relationships in our own language...
|
||||
|
||||
#### Application to the Biblical Text
|
||||
*Now that you better understand this language concept, apply what you learned to the biblical text.*
|
||||
*Now that you understand this language concept better, apply what you learned to the biblical text.*
|
||||
|
||||
In Nehemiah 6:13, Nehemiah states the sinful goals of Shemaiah's words. These goals were a part of a bigger plot to stop the rebuilding of the wall, a plot carried out by Tobiah and Sanballat. Studying this goal relationship yields a deeper understanding of sinful speech and the goals for which people use harmful words. Discuss the use of goal relationships in Nehemiah 6:1-7:4. Explore their contribution to the passage's meaning. Apply the principles in this training to clearly, accurately, and naturally translate goal relationships in this narrative.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ In Nehemiah 6:13, Nehemiah states the sinful goals of Shemaiah's words. These go
|
|||
Retell this story in your own words (i.e., orally, dramatization, or written/crafted story). Try to tell the story in a way that is accurate (true to the Bible), natural (words that common people would use), and reproducible (memorable for someone listening to repeat it on their own). After crafting this story, retell it in your family, your church community, or to some other person God has placed in your life.
|
||||
|
||||
## Theological Dialogue: Discussing the Meaning of the Story
|
||||
*Take time to explore the meaning of the text together as a community. Use the following discussions as a way to grasp what truth the biblical passage teaches.*
|
||||
*Take time to explore the meaning of the text together as a community. Use the following discussions to grasp what truth the biblical passage teaches.*
|
||||
|
||||
### Discourse Questions
|
||||
Use the following discourse questions to understand the meaning of the text. Pay attention to how the biblical passage itself addresses each question or theme.
|
||||
|
|
@ -458,20 +458,20 @@ Use the following discourse questions to understand the meaning of the text. Pay
|
|||
1. Nearing completion of the wall, what opposition did Nehemiah encounter? Nehemiah 6:1–4
|
||||
2. How did Nehemiah's enemies conspire against him the fifth time? Nehemiah 6:5–9
|
||||
3. How did Shemaiah oppose Nehemiah and his work? Nehemiah 6:10–14
|
||||
4. After the completion of the wall, what was the relationship like between Nehemiah, Israel, and Tobiah? Nehemiah 6:15–19
|
||||
4. After the completion of the wall, how was the relationship between Nehemiah, Israel, and Tobiah? Nehemiah 6:15–19
|
||||
5. Who did Nehemiah appoint over the city when he completed the walls? 7:1–4
|
||||
|
||||
### Theological Questions
|
||||
Answer the following theology questions as a community. Discuss what truths this biblical passage teaches.
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Importance of Speech**: Why is God concerned about our speech? How does the way we use our words (rightly or wrongly) reveal the level of our Christian maturity? How does the story of Nehemiah and his opponents show that words reveal the intentions of our heart and our spiritual condition?
|
||||
1. **Importance of Speech**: Why is God concerned about our speech? How does the way we use our words (rightly or wrongly) reveal the level of our Christian maturity? How does the story of Nehemiah and his opponents show that words reveal the intentions of our hearts and our spiritual condition?
|
||||
2. **Misuse of Words**: What are the different ways that our words can be instruments of sin? What various misuses of speech are seen in this story?
|
||||
3. **Gracious Speech**: What are the different ways that people can speak to please God and encourage others? How does Nehemiah's use of words differ from that of his opponents?
|
||||
|
||||
![[EJ-Movement-2-Drafting]]
|
||||
|
||||
## Personal Reflection: Following the Teaching of the Story
|
||||
*Take a moment to allow this text to evaluate your own life and to consider how God would have you respond. After this reflection, use the quality checking questions to check your translation draft among the translation team.*
|
||||
*Take a moment to allow this text to evaluate your own life and to consider how God would have you respond. After this reflection, use the quality-checking questions to check your translation draft among the translation team.*
|
||||
|
||||
### Journal Reflection
|
||||
Prayerfully think about the following personal reflection questions. Write/Record your answers and/or discuss them as a group.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -10,27 +10,27 @@ scripture: Numbers 11:1–35
|
|||
## Session Overview
|
||||
|
||||
### Passage Preview
|
||||
The narrative recorded in Numbers 11:1–35 warns us about ungodly desires and teaches us about the kind of desires that please God. This passage records a narrative about the Israelites complaining about their hardships (11:1–3), the Israelites complaining about their food (11:4–9), Moses complaining to God about the difficulties in leading the Israelites (11:10–15), and God's provision of leaders (11:16–30) and meat (11:31–35) for the Israelites. In this biblical passage, Christians are taught about the causes (11:4–15, 26–30, 31–32) and consequences (11:1–3, 18–20, 33–35) of sinful desires. It also shows the struggle of human desires at the level of God's people (11:1–3, 4–9, 31–35) and God's leaders (11:10–30). This story highlights several ungodly desires such as jealousy, discontentment, ingratitude, indulgence, and greed and encourages God's people to have godly desires such as love, contentment, gratitude, moderation, and generosity. People often act based on their desires. Sinful desires will lead us to doubt and disobey God; godly desires will lead us to trust and obey God. God wants Christians to develop godly desires and remove ungodly desires from our hearts. Godly desires are an important foundation of godly living.
|
||||
The narrative recorded in Numbers 11:1–35 warns us about ungodly desires and teaches us about desires that please God. This passage records a narrative about the Israelites complaining about their hardships (11:1–3), the Israelites complaining about their food (11:4–9), Moses complaining to God about the difficulties in leading the Israelites (11:10–15), and God's provision of leaders (11:16–30) and meat (11:31–35) for the Israelites. In this biblical passage, Christians are taught about the causes (11:4–15, 26–30, 31–32) and consequences (11:1–3, 18–20, 33–35) of sinful desires. It also shows the struggle of human desires at the level of God's people (11:1–3, 4–9, 31–35) and God's leaders (11:10–30). This story highlights several ungodly desires, such as jealousy, discontentment, ingratitude, indulgence, and greed, and encourages God's people to have godly desires, such as love, contentment, gratitude, moderation, and generosity. People often act based on their desires. Sinful desires will lead us to doubt and disobey God; godly desires will lead us to trust and obey God. God wants Christians to develop godly desires and remove ungodly desires from our hearts. Godly desires are an important foundation of godly living.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Idea**: The story of God sending meat to the Israelites warns us about wrong desires and teaches us about the kind of desires God wants us to have.
|
||||
|
||||
### Core Objectives
|
||||
In the following session you will...
|
||||
In the following session, you will...
|
||||
|
||||
- **establish** faithful obedience by controlling our inner desires
|
||||
- **compose** a translation of Numbers 11:1–35 that is clear, accurate, natural, and church-approved
|
||||
- **mature** in Christian life of faith through the practice of contentment
|
||||
- **mature** in the Christian life of faith through the practice of contentment
|
||||
- **develop** basic ministry skills with believers and unbelievers as you check your translation
|
||||
|
||||
### Narrative Summary
|
||||
|
||||
After God delivered Israel from slavery in Egypt, Israel journeyed to the promised land. Along the way, the people complained to God because of certain misfortunes. God’s anger flared against them and consumed some of the outer parts of the camp with fire. Moses interceded for the people and the fire stopped.
|
||||
After God delivered Israel from slavery in Egypt, Israel journeyed to the promised land. Along the way, the people complained to God because of certain misfortunes. God’s anger flared against them and consumed some of the outer parts of the camp with fire. Moses interceded for the people, and the fire stopped.
|
||||
|
||||
At some point, a disorderly crowd had a strong craving. Along with this crowd, the Israelites wept because of their food supply. The people had grown tired of the manna (the miracle bread that came from heaven), cried for meat, and longed to return to the comforts of Egyptian slavery. These complaints could be heard throughout the camp.
|
||||
|
||||
Moses felt that the responsibility of leading and caring for the Israelites was a weight too heavy to bear. Therefore, Moses complained to God. God had become extremely angry and Moses had grown quite miserable. Moses was so sad that he asked God to take his life. God told Moses to gather seventy elders from the people at the tent of meeting. God would give them a portion of the Spirit that was on Moses to bear the burden of the people. Also, God told Moses that he would give them their demand for meat. However, God also said that there would be so much meat that the people would eat it for an entire month, it would come out of their nostrils, and the people would come to hate the meat.
|
||||
Moses felt that the responsibility of leading and caring for the Israelites was a weight too heavy to bear. Therefore, Moses complained to God. God had become extremely angry, and Moses had grown quite miserable. Moses was so sad that he asked God to take his life. God told Moses to gather seventy elders from the people at the tent of meeting. God would give them a portion of the Spirit that was on Moses to bear the burden of the people. Also, God told Moses that he would give them their demand for meat. However, God also said that there would be so much meat that the people would eat it for an entire month, it would come out of their nostrils, and the people would come to hate the meat.
|
||||
|
||||
Eventually, Moses obeyed God. He gathered seventy elders and set them around the tent of meeting. God took a portion of the Spirit he set on Moses and gave it to the elders. Immediately, the elders prophesied. Back in the camp, two men also had the Spirit rest on them and they also prophesied. Joshua, Moses' younger assistant, said that they should be stopped from prophesying. Moses confronted Joshua’s jealousy. He said that Joshua should not be jealous for Moses. Instead, he should be happy if all of Israel were prophets.
|
||||
Eventually, Moses obeyed God. He gathered seventy elders and set them around the tent of meeting. God took a portion of the Spirit he set on Moses and gave it to the elders. Immediately, the elders prophesied. Back in the camp, two men also had the Spirit rest on them, and they also prophesied. Joshua, Moses' younger assistant, said that they should be stopped from prophesying. Moses confronted Joshua’s jealousy. He said that Joshua should not be jealous of Moses. Instead, he should be happy if all of Israel were prophets.
|
||||
|
||||
Then a wind came. It brought quail that fell on the ground about one day's journey from the camp. All that day, all that night, and all the next day, the Israelites gathered huge amounts of quail. They spread it out in the camp. But, while the meat was still in the people’s mouths, God struck them with a great plague. The place where they buried the people was called Kibroth-hattaavah, the “graves of desire.”
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -39,175 +39,175 @@ Then a wind came. It brought quail that fell on the ground about one day's journ
|
|||
The Book of Numbers tells about the people of Israel as they traveled from Mount Sinai in the wilderness to the Jordan River. While traveling, the Israelites became discouraged. So they rebelled against the leaders whom God had given them. At the Jordan River, the people of Israel refused to enter the Promised Land. Because the Israelites were afraid and did not trust God, he delayed their entry into the Promised Land for forty years.
|
||||
|
||||
### Passage Outline
|
||||
1. Israel Complains about Their Hardships and God Sends Fire to the Camp (11:1–3)
|
||||
1. Israel Complains about Their Hardships, and God Sends Fire to the Camp (11:1–3)
|
||||
2. Israel Complains about Their Food (11:4–9)
|
||||
3. Moses Complains about the Difficulty of Leading the Israelites (11:10–15)
|
||||
4. God Empowers Seventy Elders to Help Moses Lead the Israelites (11:16–30)
|
||||
5. God Provides a Large Quantity of Meat for the Israelites and Sends a Plague (11:31–35)
|
||||
|
||||
### Important Themes
|
||||
**Human Desire**: This passage describes Moses and the Israelites acting on their desires. The Israelites' desire for meat and the Moses' desire for leadership help are not wrong. The lack of faith in God makes their desires wrong (11:18, 23, 29). They thought that God was mistreating them and wanted their desires fulfilled more than what God had already provided.
|
||||
**Human Desire**: This passage describes Moses and the Israelites acting on their desires. The Israelites' desire for meat and Moses' desire for leadership help are not wrong. The lack of faith in God makes their desires wrong (11:18, 23, 29). They thought God was mistreating them and wanted their desires fulfilled more than what God had already provided.
|
||||
|
||||
**Food and Leadership**: This narrative focuses on two specific issues: food and leadership. The Israelites complain about only having manna to eat (11:4–9) and Moses complains about the difficulties of leading the Israelites alone (11:10–15). The narrative tells how God provides meat (11:31–35) and provides leaders to help Moses lead the people (11:16–30). These two themes are connected. God wants his leaders to model for God's people desires that are aligned with God.
|
||||
**Food and Leadership**: This narrative focuses on two specific issues: food and leadership. The Israelites complain about only having manna to eat (11:4–9), and Moses complains about the difficulties of leading the Israelites alone (11:10–15). The narrative tells how God provides meat (11:31–35) and provides leaders to help Moses lead the people (11:16–30). These two themes are connected. God wants his leaders to model for God's people desires that are aligned with God.
|
||||
|
||||
**Godly and Ungodly Desires**: In this story, there are many negative desires that are depicted. Moses and the Israelites both complain against God. The depictions of negative desires are a warning for God's people. Sinful desires can destroy people. Although this story does not explicitly depict Moses and Israel showing godly desires, these godly desires are taught by this passage. Rather than greed, God wants us to practice generosity. Rather than jealousy, God wants us to practice love. Rather than indulgence, God wants us to practice contentment and moderation.
|
||||
**Godly and Ungodly Desires**: In this story, many negative desires are depicted. Moses and the Israelites both complain against God. The depictions of negative desires are a warning for God's people. Sinful desires can destroy people. Although this story does not explicitly depict Moses and Israel showing godly desires, these godly desires are taught by this passage. Rather than greed, God wants us to practice generosity. Rather than jealousy, God wants us to practice love. Rather than indulgence, God wants us to practice contentment and moderation.
|
||||
|
||||
### Passage Translation
|
||||
11:1 Now the people complained about their troubles as Yahweh listened.[^ ] Yahweh heard the people and became angry.[^ ] Fire from Yahweh burned among them[^ ] and consumed some of the camp on its edges.[^ ] 2 Then people called out to Moses,[^ ] so Moses prayed to Yahweh, and the fire stopped.[^ ] 3 That place was named Taberah, because Yahweh's fire burned among them.[^ ]
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **11:1** **the people complained about their troubles as Yahweh listened** (**L**: *the people complained about their troubles as Yahweh listened* | **S**: *the people complained to Yahweh about their troubles*) The Israelites whined and grumbled about the difficult things they were experiencing. The word **complained** means to express discontentment, annoyance, or dissatisfaction about something that bad or uncomfortable. God wants people to talk to him about their troubles. However, there is a difference between seeking God's help and complaining against God about hardships. When people complain against God, they are not trusting God for the good things he promises to do in the future. When people complain against God, they are also not remembering the good things God has done in the past. Translate **the people complained about their troubles as Yahweh listened** to mean God heard the Israelites grumble about the hard things they were experiencing.
|
||||
[^ ]: **11:1** **the people complained about their troubles as Yahweh listened** (**L**: *the people complained about their troubles as Yahweh listened* | **S**: *the people complained to Yahweh about their troubles*) The Israelites whined and grumbled about the difficult things they were experiencing. The word **complained** means expressing discontentment, annoyance, or dissatisfaction about something bad or uncomfortable. God wants people to talk to him about their troubles. However, there is a difference between seeking God's help and complaining against God about hardships. When people complain against God, they are not trusting God for the good things he promises to do in the future. When people complain against God, they are also not remembering the good things God has done in the past. Translate **the people complained about their troubles as Yahweh listened** to mean God heard the Israelites grumble about the hard things they were experiencing.
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[^ ]: **11:1** **Yahweh heard the people and became angry** (**L**: *Yahweh heard the people and became angry* | **S**: *When Yahweh heard what they were saying, he became angry*) God was angry that the Israelites were grumbling and complaining. God gets angry when people do sinful things. It is right for God to be angry when God's people complain and grumble. God wants his people to be grateful and content. Translate **Yahweh heard the people and became angry** to mean God was displeased when he heard the Israelites grumbling and murmuring.
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[^ ]: **11:1** **Yahweh heard the people and became angry** (**L**: *Yahweh heard the people and became angry* | **S**: *When Yahweh heard what they were saying, he became angry*). God was angry that the Israelites were grumbling and complaining. God gets angry when people do sinful things. It is right for God to be angry when God's people complain and grumble. God wants his people to be grateful and content. Translate **Yahweh heard the people and became angry** to mean God was displeased when he heard the Israelites grumbling and murmuring.
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[^ ]: **11:1** **Fire from Yahweh burned among them** (**L**: *Fire from Yahweh burned among them* | **S**: *Yahweh sent a fire which among the people*) God sent fire to burn near the Israelites. The word **burned** means to blaze with hot flames of fire. In this context, the phrase **fire from Yahweh** describes fire that God caused to appear in the Israelite camp. This fire represented God's displeasure with the complaints of the Israelites. When people complain against God, it means they do not trust God. This displeases God. God will judge people who do not trust in him. Translate **Fire from Yahweh burned among them** to mean God sent fire in the midst of the Israelites.
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[^ ]: **11:1** **Fire from Yahweh burned among them** (**L**: *Fire from Yahweh burned among them* | **S**: *Yahweh sent a fire which among the people*) God sent fire to burn near the Israelites. The word **burned** means to blaze with hot flames of fire. In this context, the phrase **fire from Yahweh** describes a fire God caused to appear in the Israelite camp. This fire represented God's displeasure with the complaints of the Israelites. When people complain against God, it means they do not trust God. This displeases God. God will judge people who do not trust in him. Translate **Fire from Yahweh burned among them** to mean God sent fire in the midst of the Israelites.
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[^ ]: **11:1** **consumed some of the camp on its edges** (**L**: *consumed some of the camp on its edges* | **S**: *the fire burned the edge of their camp*) God sent fire to the outer edges of the place where the Israelites were staying. The fire destroyed some of the outer parts of the camp. The word **consumed** means to eat or devour something like food or prey. The burning fire is compared to an animal destroying the out edges of the camp like it would devour its prey. The **edges** of the camp refer to the sides of the camp that were farthest away from the middle of the camp. During this time, the outer edges of the camp were often places associated with danger, sin, and impurity. God warns us that complaining against God is a dangerous act. It is a sinful act that God will punish. Translate **consumed some of the camp on its edges** to mean the burning fire destroyed some of the outer boundary of the place where Israel was staying.
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[^ ]: **11:1** **consumed some of the camp on its edges** (**L**: *consumed some of the camp on its edges* | **S**: *the fire burned the edge of their camp*). God sent fire to the outer edges of the place where the Israelites stayed. The fire destroyed some of the outer parts of the camp. The word **consumed** means to eat or devour something like food or prey. The burning fire is compared to an animal destroying the out edges of the camp like it would devour its prey. The **edges** of the camp refer to the sides of the camp that were farthest away from the middle of the camp. During this time, the outer edges of the camp were often places associated with danger, sin, and impurity. God warns us that complaining against God is a dangerous act. It is a sinful act that God will punish. Translate **consumed some of the camp on its edges** to mean the burning fire destroyed some of the outer boundaries of the place where Israel was staying.
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[^ ]: **11:2** **people called out to Moses** (**L**: *people called out to Moses* | **S**: *the people cried out to Moses*) The Israelites pleaded for Moses to help them. The word **called out** means to speak out in a loud voice with strong emotion. The Israelites responded to the burning fire by begging Moses for help. They wanted Moses to pray to God to deliver them from the fire. Rather than complaining, God wants people to depend on God and ask him for help when they experience trouble. Translate **people called out to Moses** to mean the Israelites raised their voices loudly and with strong emotion to ask Moses to help them.
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[^ ]: **11:2** **people called out to Moses** (**L**: *people called out to Moses* | **S**: *the people cried out to Moses*). The Israelites pleaded for Moses to help them. The word **called out** means to speak out in a loud voice with strong emotion. The Israelites responded to the burning fire by begging Moses for help. They wanted Moses to pray to God to deliver them from the fire. Rather than complaining, God wants people to depend on God and ask him for help when they experience trouble. Translate **people called out to Moses** to mean the Israelites raised their voices loudly and with strong emotion to ask Moses to help them.
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[^ ]: **11:2** **Moses prayed to Yahweh, and the fire stopped** (**L**: *Moses prayed to Yahweh, and the fire stopped* | **S**: *Moses prayed to Yahweh and the fire stopped burning*) Moses asked God to help the Israelites and God caused the fire to stop burning. In this context, the word **prayed** means to ask God to act on behalf of someone else. Moses is an example for us. We should pray for God's mercy on behalf of other people. Also, when we experience troubles and hardships, we should pray to God to ask for his help and deliverance. Translate **Moses prayed to Yahweh, and the fire stopped** to mean Moses asked God to deliver the Israelites and God answered his prayer by causing the fire to no longer burn.
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[^ ]: **11:2** **Moses prayed to Yahweh, and the fire stopped** (**L**: *Moses prayed to Yahweh, and the fire stopped* | **S**: *Moses prayed to Yahweh and the fire stopped burning*). Moses asked God to help the Israelites, and God caused the fire to stop burning. In this context, the word **prayed** means to ask God to act on behalf of someone else. Moses is an example for us. We should pray for God's mercy on behalf of other people. Also, when we experience troubles and hardships, we should pray to God for help and deliverance. Translate **Moses prayed to Yahweh, and the fire stopped** to mean Moses asked God to deliver the Israelites, and God answered his prayer by causing the fire to burn no longer.
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[^ ]: **11:3** **because Yahweh's fire burned among them** (**L**: *because Yahweh’s fire burned among them* | **S**: *which means ‘Burning,’ because the fire from Yahweh had burned among them*) The reason the people named that place Taberah was God sent fire to burn the outer edges of the camp. For **Yahweh's fire** see note on 11:1. For **burned** see note on 11:1. The name **Taberah** means burning in the Hebrew language. The people gave a name to that camp the could remind them of how God warned them about the danger of complaining against God. God's people should remember the danger of complaining and God's desire that his people call out to him for help when they experience troubles.Translate **because Yahweh's fire burned among them** to mean the reason the Israelites named the place Taberah, a Hebrew term for burning, was God sent a fire to burn the outer of the edges of the camp where they were staying.
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[^ ]: **11:3** **because Yahweh's fire burned among them** (**L**: *because Yahweh’s fire burned among them* | **S**: *which means ‘Burning,’ because the fire from Yahweh had burned among them*) The reason the people named that place Taberah was God sent fire to burn the outer edges of the camp. For **Yahweh's fire**, see note on 11:1. For burned, see note on 11:1. The name Taberah means burning in Hebrew. The people gave a name to that camp that could remind them of how God warned them about the danger of complaining against God. God's people should remember the danger of complaining and God's desire that his people call out to him for help when they experience troubles. Translate **because Yahweh's fire burned among them** to mean the reason the Israelites named the place Taberah, a Hebrew term for burning, was God sent a fire to burn the outer edges of the camp where they were staying.
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4 Some foreign people began to camp with Israel's descendants.[^ ] They had a strong craving for better food.[^ ] Then the people of Israel began to weep[^ ] and say, "Who will give us meat to eat?[^ ] 5 We remember the fish that we ate freely in Egypt,[^ ] the cucumbers, the melons, the leeks, the onions, and the garlic.[^ ] 6 Now our appetite is gone, because all we can see is this manna."[^ ] 7 Manna was like coriander seed. It looked like resin.[^ ] 8 The people walked around and gathered it.[^ ] They ground it in mills, beat it in mortars, boiled it in pots, and made it into cakes.[^ ] It tasted like fresh olive oil.[^ ] 9 When the dew fell on the camp in the night, the manna also fell.[^ ]
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[^ ]: **11:4** **Some foreign people began to camp with Israel's descendants** (**L**: *Some foreign people began to camp with Israel’s descendants* | **S**: *Some troublemakers from other people groups were traveling with the Israelites*) There were foreign people who were living and traveling with the Israelites. In this context, the word **foreign people** refers to people who are not Israelites. These people had a negative influence on the Israelites. Christians need to be warned that the desires and values of the surrounding culture can negatively impact their desires. Translate **Some foreign people began to camp with Israel's descendants** to mean people who were not Israelites lived with the Israelites.
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[^ ]: **11:4** **Some foreign people began to camp with Israel's descendants** (**L**: *Some foreign people began to camp with Israel’s descendants* | **S**: *Some troublemakers from other people groups were traveling with the Israelites*). There were foreign people who were living and traveling with the Israelites. In this context, the word **foreign people** refers to people who are not Israelites. These people had a negative influence on the Israelites. Christians need to be warned that the desires and values of the surrounding culture can negatively impact their desires. Translate **Some foreign people began to camp with Israel's descendants** to mean people who were not Israelites lived with the Israelites.
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[^ ]: **11:4** **They had a strong craving for better food** (**L**: *They wanted better food to eat* | **S**: *They began to want better food*) The foreign people who lived with the Israelites felt a strong desire to eat better food. The phrase **strong craving** refers to an intense feeling of longing or desire. These people wanted something that God had not given them. They believed that the food God provided the Israelites was insufficient. People complain when they have a desire for better things. Not all desires are wrong. When people are dissatisfied with what God provides, they can develop strong desires for other things. These desires for other things can cause us to want things that God does not want us to have. These desires can cause us to think that God is not giving us good things. Sometimes our desires can cause us to not trust God. Translate **They had a strong craving for better food** to mean the foreign people living with the Israelites deeply longed to have better food to eat.
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[^ ]: **11:4** **They had a strong craving for better food** (**L**: *They wanted better food to eat* | **S**: *They began to want better food*). The foreign people who lived with the Israelites felt a strong desire to eat better food. The phrase **strong craving** refers to an intense feeling of longing or desire. These people wanted something that God had not given them. They believed that the food God provided the Israelites was insufficient. People complain when they have a desire for better things. Not all desires are wrong. People who are dissatisfied with what God provides can develop strong desires for other things. These desires for other things can cause us to want things God does not want us to have. These desires can cause us to think that God is not giving us good things. Sometimes our desires can cause us not to trust God. Translate **They had a strong craving for better food**, to mean the foreign people living with the Israelites deeply longed to have better food to eat.
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[^ ]: **11:4** **the people of Israel began to weep** (**L**: *the people of Israel began to weep* | **S**: *the Israelite people started to complain*) The Israelites complained against God about their food. In this context, the word **weep** means to grieve or mourn with intense crying. The craving of the foreign people influenced the Israelites to complain against God. When people feel a deep desire for something they do not have it can cause them to complain against God. Translate **the people of Israel began to weep** to mean the Israelites complained to God about their food with intense crying.
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[^ ]: **11:4** **the people of Israel began to weep** (**L**: *the people of Israel began to weep* | **S**: *the Israelite people started to complain*). The Israelites complained against God about their food. In this context, **weep** means to grieve or mourn with intense crying. The craving of the foreign people influenced the Israelites to complain against God. When people feel a deep desire for something they do not have, it can cause them to complain against God. Translate **the people of Israel began to weep** to mean the Israelites complained to God about their food with intense crying.
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[^ ]: **11:4** **Who will give us meat to eat?** (**L**: *Who will give us meat to eat?* | **S**: *We wish we had some meat to eat!*) The Israelites wanted to eat meat. The Israelites asked this question in order to complain and to express their desire for something other than manna to eat. People complain when they want different things than the things God has given them. God wants us to be content with what he has provided us. Translate **Who will give us meat to eat?** as a question that expresses the Israelite's strong desire for meat.
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[^ ]: **11:4** **Who will give us meat to eat?** (**L**: *Who will give us meat to eat?* | **S**: *We wish we had some meat to eat!*) The Israelites wanted to eat meat. The Israelites asked this question to complain and express their desire for something other than manna to eat. People complain when they want different things than the things God has given them. God wants us to be content with what he has provided us. Translate **Who will give us meat to eat?** as a question that expresses the Israelite's strong desire for meat.
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[^ ]: **11:5** **We remember the fish that we ate freely in Egypt** (**L**: *We remember the fish that we ate freely in Egypt* | **S**: *We remember the fish that we ate while we were in Egypt, fish that was given to us without cost*) The Israelites thought they had better food when they were slaves in Egypt. The word **freely** means something that does not cost money. The people remembered the food they used to eat when they lived in Egypt. They were slaves in Egypt but they said that they were free to eat fish and many other kinds of food. This is not real freedom. They thought the days of slavery were better than they really were. They had good food in Egypt, but they were treated harshly as slaves. People complain when they think forget that God has rescued them from painful slavery. God wants his people to value their salvation and freedom more than any physical comfort. Translate **We remember the fish that we ate freely in Egypt** to mean the Israelites thought about the free fish they ate when they were slaves in Egypt.
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[^ ]: **11:5** **We remember the fish that we ate freely in Egypt** (**L**: *We remember the fish that we ate freely in Egypt* | **S**: *We remember the fish that we ate while we were in Egypt, fish that was given to us without cost*) The Israelites thought they had better food when they were slaves in Egypt. The word **freely** means something that does not cost money. The people remembered the food they used to eat when they lived in Egypt. They were slaves in Egypt but said they were free to eat fish and many other kinds of food. This is not real freedom. They thought the days of slavery were better than they really were. They had good food in Egypt but were treated harshly as slaves. People complain when they forget that God has rescued them from painful slavery. God wants his people to value their salvation and freedom more than any physical comfort. Translate **We remember the fish that we ate freely in Egypt** to mean the Israelites thought about the free fish they ate when they were slaves in Egypt.
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[^ ]: **11:5** **the cucumbers, the melons, the leeks, the onions, and the garlic** (**L**: *the cucumbers, the melons, the leeks, the onions, and the garlic* | **S**: *we had all the cucumbers, melons, leeks, onions, and garlic we could eat*) The Israelites remembered all the other food they ate while they were slaves in Egypt. This food may have been free, but they were slaves to the Egyptians. People complain when they value comforts more than God's rescue and deliverance. Translate **the cucumbers, the melons, the leeks, the onions, and the garlic** to mean the Israelites thought about other free food they ate when they were slaves in Egypt.
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[^ ]: **11:5** **the cucumbers, the melons, the leeks, the onions, and the garlic** (**L**: *the cucumbers, the melons, the leeks, the onions, and the garlic* | **S**: *we had all the cucumbers, melons, leeks, onions, and garlic we could eat*). The Israelites remembered all the other food they ate while they were slaves in Egypt. This food may have been free, but they were slaves to the Egyptians. People complain when they value comforts more than God's rescue and deliverance. Translate **the cucumbers, the melons, the leeks, the onions, and the garlic** to mean the Israelites thought about other free food they ate when they were slaves in Egypt.
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[^ ]: **11:6** **our appetite is gone, because all we can see is this manna** (**L**: *our life is dry, because all we can see is this manna* | **S**: *we have lost our appetite, because all we have to eat is this manna*) The Israelites felt weak and discouraged because they only had manna to eat. In this context, the word **appetite** refers to the strength and life of a person. God provided manna as food for the Israelites in a place where there was not much food. This food was a miracle; it appeared every day with the dew. God caused this to happen. Rather than being encouraged by this food, the people felt weak and discouraged because it was the only food they were eating. People complain when they forget that the things God provides for them are a gracious and kind gift. Translate **our appetite is gone, because all we can see is this manna** to mean the reason the Israelites did not want to eat the manna anymore because it was the only food they had to eat.
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[^ ]: **11:6** **our appetite is gone, because all we can see is this manna** (**L**: *our life is dry, because all we can see is this manna* | **S**: *we have lost our appetite, because all we have to eat is this manna*). The Israelites felt weak and discouraged because they only had manna to eat. In this context, the word **appetite** refers to the strength and life of a person. God provided manna as food for the Israelites in a place without much food. This food was a miracle; it appeared every day with the dew. God caused this to happen. Rather than being encouraged by this food, the people felt weak and discouraged because it was their only food. People complain when they forget that the things God provides for them are gracious and kind gifts. Translate **our appetite is gone, because all we can see is this manna** to mean the reason the Israelites did not want to eat the manna anymore because it was the only food they had to eat.
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[^ ]: **11:7** **Manna was like coriander seed. It looked like resin** (**L**: *Manna was like coriander seed. It looked like resin.* | **S**: *The manna resembled small white seeds*) God provided manna as food for the Israelites to eat. **Coriander** is also known as cilantro. This seed serves as a spice when dried. **Resin** is a sticky substance with a pale yellow color. Translate **Manna was like coriander seed. It looked like resin** to mean the food God provided for the Israelites was called manna and it was like the seek of cilantro and it was a dull yellow color.
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[^ ]: **11:7** **Manna was like coriander seed. It looked like resin** (**L**: *Manna was like coriander seed. It looked like resin.* | **S**: *The manna resembled small white seeds*). God provided manna as food for the Israelites to eat. **Coriander** is also known as cilantro. This seed serves as a spice when dried. **Resin** is a sticky substance with a pale yellow color. Translate **Manna was like coriander seed. It looked like resin** to mean the food God provided for the Israelites was called manna, and it was like the seek of cilantro, and it was a dull yellow color.
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[^ ]: **11:8** **The people walked around and gathered it** (**L**: *The people walked around and gathered it* | **S**: *Each morning the people would go out and gather some from the surface of the ground*) God provided food for the Israelites. The people gathered the food each day. The word **gathered** refers to gleaning or collecting food piece by piece. Often this word is used to describe people collecting remnants of food left over in a field after the harvest. The Israelites did not plant and harvest this food. Every piece of manna was a gift God kindly gave to the Israelites. When God kindly provides for the needs of his people, God wants people to gratefully receive it. Sometimes people think that they provide for their own needs. But, people must completely depend upon God to provide for their needs. Translate **The people walked around and gathered it** to mean the Israelites went around and collected the manna that appeared on the ground.
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[^ ]: **11:8** **The people walked around and gathered it** (**L**: *The people walked around and gathered it* | **S**: *Each morning the people would go out and gather some from the surface of the ground*). God provided food for the Israelites. The people gathered the food each day. The word **gathered** refers to gleaning or collecting food piece by piece. Often this word is used to describe people collecting remnants of food left over in a field after the harvest. The Israelites did not plant and harvest this food. Every piece of manna was a gift God kindly gave to the Israelites. When God kindly provides for the needs of his people, God wants people to gratefully receive it. Sometimes people think that they provide for their own needs. But, people must completely depend upon God to provide for their needs. Translate **The people walked around and gathered it** to mean the Israelites went around and collected the manna that appeared on the ground.
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[^ ]: **11:8** **They ground it in mills, beat it in mortars, boiled it in pots, and made it into cakes** (**L**: *They ground it in mills, beat it in mortars, boiled it in pots, and made it into cakes* | **S**: *Then they made flour by grinding it or pounding it with stones. Then they added water and boiled it in a pot, or they made flat cakes with it and baked them*) God provided the manna for the Israelites. The Israelites made the manna into cakes. The Israelites turned the manna into flour/powder and cooked it. When God kindly provides for the needs of his people, he also wants his people to participate in using God's gifts and use these gifts to produce things to enjoy. Translate **They ground it in mills, beat it in mortars, boiled it in pots, and made it into cakes** to mean the Israelites crushed and pounded the manna into flour and cooked it into cakes.
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[^ ]: **11:8** **It tasted like fresh olive oil** (**L**: *It tasted like fresh olive oil* | **S**: *The cakes tasted like bread that was baked with olive oil*) The manna cakes tasted like bread made with olive oil. This is not a bad tasting. God provides good and pleasant things for his people to enjoy. Translate **It tasted like fresh olive oil** to mean the Israelites made the manna into cakes that tasted like bread made with olive oil.
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[^ ]: **11:8** **It tasted like fresh olive oil** (**L**: *It tasted like fresh olive oil* | **S**: *The cakes tasted like bread that was baked with olive oil*). The manna cakes tasted like bread made with olive oil. This is not a bad tasting. God provides good and pleasant things for his people to enjoy. Translate **It tasted like fresh olive oil**, to mean the Israelites made the manna into cakes that tasted like bread made with olive oil.
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[^ ]: **11:9** **When the dew fell on the camp in the night, the manna also fell** (**L**: *When the dew fell on the camp in the night, the manna also fell* | **S**: *Each night the manna came down on the ground where their tents were, like dew from the sky*) God provided enough manna for the Israelites. God caused the manna to appear when the dew appeared. This was a miracle. Food does not normally appear when the dew appears. The Israelites had become so familiar with the manna that they forgot how miraculous it was. In fact, the Israelites grew to dislike the manna that God miraculously provided. People complain when they forget the amazing things God has provided. God wants his people to be grateful for all that he provides for his people. God wants his people to trust that God always provides exactly what they need. People complain when they think that God is not providing for them the things they need. Translate **When the dew fell on the camp in the night, the manna also fell** to mean the manna fell on the ground in the evening with the dew.
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10 Moses heard the people weeping in their families,[^ ] and every man was at the entrance to his tent. Yahweh was very angry, and in Moses' eyes their complaining was wrong.[^ ] 11 Moses said to Yahweh, "Why have you treated your servant so badly?[^ ] Why are you not pleased with me?[^ ] You make me carry the load of all these people.[^ ] 12 Did I conceive all these people?[^ ] Have I given them birth so that you should say to me, 'Carry them closely to your chest as a father carries a baby?'[^ ] Should I carry them to the land that you swore to their ancestors to give them?[^ ] 13 Where can I find meat to give to all this people?[^ ] They are weeping in front of me and are saying, 'Give us meat to eat.'[^ ] 14 I cannot bear all these people alone.[^ ] They are too much for me.[^ ] 15 Since you are treating me this way, kill me now[^ ]—if I find favor in your eyes—do not let me see my misery."[^ ]
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10 Moses heard the people weeping in their families,[^ ] and every man was at the entrance to his tent. Yahweh was very angry, and in Moses' eyes their complaining was wrong.[^ ] 11 Moses said to Yahweh, "Why have you treated your servant so badly?[^ ] Why are you not pleased with me?[^ ] You make me carry the load of all these people.[^ ] 12 Did I conceive all these people?[^ ] Have I given them birth so that you should say to me, 'Carry them closely to your chest as a father carries a baby?'[^ ] Should I carry them to the land that you swore to their ancestors to give them?[^ ] 13 Where can I find meat to give to all these people?[^ ] They are weeping in front of me and are saying, 'Give us meat to eat.'[^ ] 14 I cannot bear all these people alone.[^ ] They are too much for me.[^ ] 15 Since you are treating me this way, kill me now[^ ]—if I find favor in your eyes—do not let me see my misery."[^ ]
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[^ ]: **11:10** **Moses heard the people weeping in their families** (**L**: *Moses heard the people weeping in their families* | **S**: *Moses heard all the Israelite people complaining*) The Israelites were crying and complaining. For **weeping** see the note on 11:4. Families are an important place to teach godly desires like gratitude and contentment. When families develop habits of complaining and grumbling, this effects people in the community and the community as a whole. Translate **Moses heard the people weeping in their families** to mean Moses heard the Israelite families crying and complaining in their homes.
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[^ ]: **11:10** **Moses heard the people weeping in their families** (**L**: *Moses heard the people weeping in their families* | **S**: *Moses heard all the Israelite people complaining*). The Israelites were crying and complaining. For **weeping**, see the note on 11:4. Families are an important place to teach godly desires like gratitude and contentment. When families develop habits of complaining and grumbling, this affects people in the community and the community as a whole. Translate **Moses heard the people weeping in their families** to mean Moses heard the Israelite families crying and complaining in their homes.
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[^ ]: **11:10** **Yahweh was very angry, and in Moses' eyes their complaining was wrong** (**L**: *Yahweh was very angry, and in Moses’ eyes their complaining was wrong* | **S**: *Yahweh became very angry, and Moses was also very perturbed*) God was very displeased that the Israelites were complaining. Moses also thought the Israelites were doing evil when they complained. The phrase **in Moses' eyes** refers to Moses' opinion or judgment of what the Israelites were doing. The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Complaining against God is a serious wrongdoing because it is an act of not trusting God. Translate **Yahweh was very angry, and in Moses' eyes their complaining was wrong** to mean God was extremely displeased that the Israelites were complaining and Moses considered this complaining to be evil.
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[^ ]: **11:10** **Yahweh was very angry, and in Moses' eyes their complaining was wrong** (**L**: *Yahweh was very angry, and in Moses’ eyes their complaining was wrong* | **S**: *Yahweh became very angry, and Moses was also very perturbed*). God was very displeased that the Israelites were complaining. Moses also thought the Israelites were doing evil when they complained. The phrase **in Moses' eyes** refers to Moses' opinion or judgment of what the Israelites were doing. The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Complaining against God is a serious wrongdoing because it is an act of not trusting God. Translate **Yahweh was very angry, and in Moses' eyes their complaining was wrong** to mean God was extremely displeased that the Israelites were complaining, and Moses considered this complaining to be evil.
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[^ ]: **11:11** **Why have you treated your servant so badly?** (**L**: *Why have you treated your servant so badly?* | **S**: *Why have you brought this trouble on me, your servant?*) Moses started to complain against God. When Moses asked this question, he was speaking to God about himself. Moses used this question to complain about the way God was treating him. Moses thought that God was not being kind to him. Moses did not think God should treat him this way. God was not treating Moses badly. In fact, God treated Israel and Moses in very good ways. Sometimes when people complain, they wrongly think that God is treating them badly. Leaders can also be tempted to complain against God. Translate **Why have you treated your servant so badly?** as a question that expresses Moses' complaint that against God for treating God's servant so badly.
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[^ ]: **11:11** **Why have you treated your servant so badly?** (**L**: *Why have you treated your servant so badly?* | **S**: *Why have you brought this trouble on me, your servant?*). Moses started to complain against God. When Moses asked this question, he was speaking to God about himself. Moses used this question to complain about the way God was treating him. Moses thought that God was not being kind to him. Moses did not think God should treat him this way. God was not mistreating Moses. In fact, God treated Israel and Moses in very good ways. Sometimes when people complain, they wrongly think that God is mistreating them. Leaders can also be tempted to complain against God. Translate **Why have you treated your servant so badly?** as a question that expresses Moses' complaint against God for God treating God's servant so badly.
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[^ ]: **11:11** **Why are you not pleased with me?** (**L**: *Why are you not pleased with me?* | **S**: *You should not be angry with me!*) Moses did not want God to be angry with him. Moses used this question to complain against God. Moses did not think he did anything wrong for God to be displeased with him. The word **pleased** means to treat someone with kindness, grace, or favor. God had been very kind to Israel and Moses. Sometimes when people complain, they wrongly think that God is punishing them and they forget the kind gifts that God has provided for them. Translate **Why are you not pleased with me?** as a question that expresses Moses' complaint against God for not being kind or gracious to Moses.
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[^ ]: **11:11** **Why are you not pleased with me?** (**L**: *Why are you not pleased with me?* | **S**: *You should not be angry with me!*) Moses did not want God to be angry with him. Moses used this question to complain against God. Moses did not think he did anything wrong for God to be displeased with him. The word **pleased** means to treat someone with kindness, grace, or favor. God had been very kind to Israel and Moses. Sometimes when people complain, they wrongly think that God is punishing them and forget the kind gifts God has provided them. Translate **Why are you not pleased with me?** as a question that expresses Moses' complaint against God for not being kind or gracious to Moses.
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[^ ]: **11:11** **You make me carry the load of all these people** (**L**: *You make me carry the load of all these people* | **S**: *What wrong have I done, with the result that you have appointed me to take care of all of these people?*) Moses said that God caused him to experience difficulty in leading the Israelites. Moses complained and spoke of leading the people and providing for them as if he were carrying a heavy load. God did not expect Moses to lead the Israelites in his own strength. God wanted Moses to trust him. Sometimes when people complain, they wrongly think that God causes them to experience burdens or hardships to be mean to them. God allows people to experience hardships, but God sustains and provides for his people as they bear these burdens. Translate **You make me carry the load of all these people** as a strong complaint that Moses thought God made him responsible for all the Israelites but it was too difficult for him to do.
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[^ ]: **11:11** **You make me carry the load of all these people** (**L**: *You make me carry the load of all these people* | **S**: *What wrong have I done, with the result that you have appointed me to take care of all of these people?*) Moses said that God caused him to experience difficulty in leading the Israelites. Moses complained and spoke of leading the people and providing for them as if he were carrying a heavy load. God did not expect Moses to lead the Israelites in his own strength. God wanted Moses to trust him. Sometimes when people complain, they wrongly think that God causes them to experience burdens or hardships by being mean to them. God allows people to experience hardships, but God sustains and provides for his people as they bear these burdens. Translate **You make me carry the load of all these people** as a strong complaint that Moses thought God made him responsible for all the Israelites, but it was too difficult for him to do.
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[^ ]: **11:12** **Did I conceive all these people?** (**L**: *Did I conceive all these people?* | **S**: *I am not their father*) Moses did not want to be responsible for the Israelites. Moses used this question to remind God that Moses was not their father. Moses wanted God to fix the problem with the Israelites. God was completely responsible for the Israelites. God wanted to use Moses to help the Israelites. Moses did not trust God and was feeling weak to do what God wanted him. When people do not trust God, they feel insecure and weak to do the things God wants them to do. Translate **Did I conceive all these people?** as a question that asks if Moses was the father responsible to take care of the Israelites.
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[^ ]: **11:12** **Did I conceive all these people?** (**L**: *Did I conceive all these people?* | **S**: *I am not their father*) Moses did not want to be responsible for the Israelites. Moses used this question to remind God that Moses was not their father. Moses wanted God to fix the problem with the Israelites. God was completely responsible for the Israelites. God wanted to use Moses to help the Israelites. Moses did not trust God and was feeling weak to do what God wanted him to do. When people do not trust God, they feel insecure and weak to do what God wants them to do. Translate **Did I conceive all these people?** as a question that asks if Moses was the father responsible for taking care of the Israelites.
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[^ ]: **11:12** **Have I given them birth so that you should say to me, 'Carry them closely to your chest as a father carries a baby?'** (**L**: *Have I given them birth so that you should say to me, ‘Carry them closely to your chest as a father carries a baby?* | **S**: *Why have you told me to take care of them like a woman carries around her baby and nurses it?*) Moses did not want to be responsible to take care of the Israelites. Moses used this question to remind God that he did not give birth to the Israelites and was not the right person to take care of their needs. The word **carry** means to lift something or someone up off the ground. The word **carry** means to bear the weight of it. Moses compares taking care of the Israelites is spoken of as if it were to carry a helpless newborn baby. God wants leaders to take care of God's people like parents takes care of their own children. Leaders should not expect leadership to be easy. Leaders need to model trust and contentment in God for the people they serve. Translate **Have I given them birth so that you should say to me, 'Carry them closely to your chest as a father carries a baby?'** as a question that asks why Moses should be responsible to care for the Israelites like a father cares for a baby when Moses did not give birth to the Israelites.
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[^ ]: **11:12** **Have I given them birth so that you should say to me, 'Carry them closely to your chest as a father carries a baby?'** (**L**: *Have I given them birth so that you should say to me, ‘Carry them closely to your chest as a father carries a baby?* | **S**: *Why have you told me to take care of them like a woman carries around her baby and nurses it?*) Moses did not want to be responsible for taking care of the Israelites. Moses used this question to remind God that he did not give birth to the Israelites and was not the right person to care for their needs. The word **carry** means to lift something or someone up off the ground. The word **carry** means to bear the weight of it. Moses compares taking care of the Israelites is spoken of as if it were to carry a helpless newborn baby. God wants leaders to care for God's people, like parents take care of their children. Leaders should not expect leadership to be easy. Leaders need to model trust and contentment in God for the people they serve. Translate **Have I given them birth so that you should say to me, 'Carry them closely to your chest as a father carries a baby?'** as a question that asks why Moses should be responsible for caring for the Israelites as a father cares for a baby when Moses did not give birth to the Israelites.
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[^ ]: **11:12** **Should I carry them to the land that you swore to their ancestors to give them?** (**L**: *Should I carry them to the land that you swore to their ancestors to give them?* | **S**: *How can I take them to the land that you promised to give to our ancestors?*) Moses does not think he is able to lead Israel to land God promised to give them. Moses used this question to tell God that he felt inadequate to what God wanted him to do. Godly leaders should rely on God's strength to do the work God wants them to do. God will always do what he promises. People can complain and doubt God when they forget God's promise and power and focus on their own insecurity and weakness. Translate **Should I carry them to the land that you swore to their ancestors to give them?** as a question that expresses that Moses does not think he is able to lead the Israelites to the land that God promised he would give them.
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[^ ]: **11:12** **Should I carry them to the land that you swore to their ancestors to give them?** (**L**: *Should I carry them to the land that you swore to their ancestors to give them?* | **S**: *How can I take them to the land that you promised to give to our ancestors?*) Moses does not think he is able to lead Israel to the land God promised to give them. Moses used this question to tell God that he felt inadequate to what God wanted him to do. Godly leaders should rely on God's strength to do the work God wants them to do. God will always do what he promises. People can complain and doubt God when they forget God's promise and power and focus on their own insecurity and weakness. Translate **Should I carry them to the land that you swore to their ancestors to give them?** as a question that expresses that Moses does not think he can lead the Israelites to the land that God promised to give them.
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[^ ]: **11:13** **Where can I find meat to give to all this people?** (**L**: *Where can I find meat to give to all this people?* | **S**: *Where can I get meat to feed to all these people?*) Moses did not know how to give the Israelites what they were asking for. Moses used this question to complain that it was impossible for him to give meat to all the people. God did not tell Moses to get meat for the people. Moses was trying to give the people the meat they were complaining for. Godly leaders do not simply give people what they desire. They teach them how to align their own desires with the good things God wants to give people. Translate **Where can I find meat to give to all this people?** as a question that asks how Moses will find enough meat to give to the Israelites.
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[^ ]: **11:13** **Where can I find meat to give to all this people?** (**L**: *Where can I find meat to give to all this people?* | **S**: *Where can I get meat to feed to all these people?*). Moses did not know how to give the Israelites what they requested. Moses used this question to complain that it was impossible for him to give meat to all the people. God did not tell Moses to get meat for the people. Moses was trying to give the people the meat they were complaining about. Godly leaders do not simply give people what they desire. They teach them how to align their own desires with the good things God wants to give people. Translate **Where can I find meat to give to all this people?** as a question that asks how Moses will find enough meat to give to the Israelites.
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[^ ]: **11:13** **They are weeping in front of me and are saying, 'Give us meat to eat.'** (**L**: *They are weeping in front of me and are saying, 'Give us meat to eat.'* | **S**: *They keep complaining to me, saying, 'Give us some meat to eat!''*) The Israelites complained in front of Moses about their food. This was hard for Moses to experience. For **weeping** see note on 11:4. The Israelites commanded Moses to give them meat. When people are controlled by their desires, they often demand things. God wants his people to be grateful rather than demanding. Translate **They are weeping in front of me and are saying, 'Give us meat to eat.'** to mean the Israelites complained to Moses and demanded that he give them meat to eat.
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[^ ]: **11:13** **They are weeping in front of me and are saying, 'Give us meat to eat.'** (**L**: *They are weeping in front of me and are saying, 'Give us meat to eat.'* | **S**: *They keep complaining to me, saying, 'Give us some meat to eat!''*) The Israelites complained in front of Moses about their food. This was hard for Moses to experience. For **weeping**, see note on 11:4. The Israelites commanded Moses to give them meat. When people are controlled by their desires, they often demand things. God wants his people to be grateful rather than demanding. Translate **They are weeping in front of me and are saying, 'Give us meat to eat.'** to mean the Israelites complained to Moses and demanded that he give them meat to eat.
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[^ ]: **11:14** **I cannot bear all these people alone** (**L**: *I cannot bear all these people alone* | **S**: *I cannot carry all these people’s burdens by myself!*) Moses did not think he could care for the Israelites by himself. For **bear** see note on 11:12. Moses speaks of leading and providing for the people as if he were carrying them. Moses felt that he was all alone as a leader. This was not true. God was the main leader of the Israelites. People complain against God when they feel alone. God never leaves his people or leaders alone. He is always with them. Translate **I cannot bear all these people alone** to mean Moses did not think he could provide for the Israelites all by himself.
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[^ ]: **11:14** **I cannot bear all these people alone** (**L**: *I cannot bear all these people alone* | **S**: *I cannot carry all these people’s burdens by myself!*) Moses did not think he could care for the Israelites by himself. For **bear**, see note on 11:12. Moses speaks of leading and providing for the people as if he were carrying them. Moses felt that he was all alone as a leader. This was not true. God was the main leader of the Israelites. People complain against God when they feel alone. God never leaves his people or leaders alone. He is always with them. Translate **I cannot bear all these people alone** to mean Moses did not think he could provide for the Israelites all by himself.
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[^ ]: **11:14** **They are too much for me** (**L**: *They are too much for me* | **S**: *They are like a heavy load to me, and I cannot carry this very heavy load anymore*) Moses thought that the needs of the Israelites were too many for him to take care of. People complain against God when they feel burdened. God never makes his people or leaders carry burdens alone. He provides and protects them. Translate **They are too much for me** to mean Moses thought the responsibility of leading the Israelites was too difficult for him.
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[^ ]: **11:14** **They are too much for me** (**L**: *They are too much for me* | **S**: *They are like a heavy load to me, and I cannot carry this very heavy load anymore*) Moses thought that the needs of the Israelites were too many for him to take care of. People complain against God when they feel burdened. God never makes his people or leaders carry burdens alone. He provides for and protects them. Translate **They are too much for me** to mean Moses thought the responsibility of leading the Israelites was too difficult for him.
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[^ ]: **11:15** **Since you are treating me this way, kill me now** (**L**: *Since you are treating me this way, kill me now* | **S**: *If you intend to act like this toward me, kill me now*) Moses thought that God was treating him badly. Moses thought it would be better if he was dead. God was not treating Moses badly. Moses felt so much hardship because of the Israelites that he did not want to live anymore. Many people who do not get the things they want think God is treating them bad. These people also blame God for wrongdoing. God never does anything wrong. Even when people experience hard things, God cares for them and provides for them. Translate **Since you are treating me this way, kill me now** to mean Moses wanted God to end his life because he thought God was treating him badly.
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[^ ]: **11:15** **Since you are treating me this way, kill me now** (**L**: *Since you are treating me this way, kill me now* | **S**: *If you intend to act like this toward me, kill me now*) Moses thought God was mistreating him. Moses thought it would be better if he were dead. God was not mistreating Moses. Moses felt so much hardship because of the Israelites that he did not want to live anymore. Many people who do not get the things they want think God is mistreating them. These people also blame God for wrongdoing. God never does anything wrong. Even when people experience hard things, God cares for and provides for them. Translate **Since you are treating me this way, kill me now** to mean Moses wanted God to end his life because he thought God was treating him badly.
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[^ ]: **11:15** **if I find favor in your eyes—do not let me see my misery** (**L**: *if I find favor in your eyes—do not let me see my misery* | **S**: *If you are really concerned about me, be kind to me and kill me to end my misery of trying to take care of them* ) Moses told God that he would rather not live than continue to experience the hardship the Israelites were making him feel. For **favor** see note on 11:11. The word **misery** refers to extremely difficult and painful misfortune that comes from something wrong or evil. Many people who do not get the things they want focus on their hardships and forget the kindness and grace God has already shown to them. Translate **if I find favor in your eyes—do not let me see my misery** to mean Moses wanted God to be kind to Moses and end his life so that Moses would not have to experience his hardship anymore.
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[^ ]: **11:15** **if I find favor in your eyes—do not let me see my misery** (**L**: *if I find favor in your eyes—do not let me see my misery* | **S**: *If you are really concerned about me, be kind to me and kill me to end my misery of trying to take care of them* ) Moses told God that he would rather not live than continue to experience the hardship the Israelites were making him feel. For **favor**, see note on 11:11. The word **misery** refers to the extremely difficult and painful misfortune that comes from something wrong or evil. Many people who do not get what they want focus on their hardships and forget the kindness and grace God has already shown them. Translate **if I find favor in your eyes—do not let me see my misery** to mean Moses wanted God to be kind to Moses and end his life so that Moses would not have to experience his hardship anymore.
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16 Yahweh said to Moses, "Bring to me seventy of Israel's elders. Be sure that they are elders and officers of the people.[^ ] Bring them to the tent of meeting to stand there with you.[^ ] 17 I will come down and talk with you there. I will take some of the Spirit that is on you and put it on them.[^ ] They will bear the burden of the people with you. You will not have to bear it alone.[^ ] 18 Say to the people, 'Consecrate yourselves, for tomorrow and you will indeed eat meat, for you have wept and Yahweh has heard.[^ ] You said, "Who will give us meat to eat? It was good for us in Egypt."[^ ] Therefore Yahweh will give you meat, and you will eat it.[^ ] 19 You will not eat meat for only one day, two days, five days, ten days, or twenty days, 20 but you will eat meat for a whole month until it comes out of your nostrils.[^ ] It will disgust you[^ ] because you have rejected Yahweh, who is among you.[^ ] You have wept before him.[^ ] You said, "Why did we leave Egypt?"'"[^ ] 21 Then Moses said, "I am with 600,000 people, and you have said, 'I will give them meat to eat for a whole month.' 22 Should we kill flocks and herds to satisfy them?[^ ] Should we catch all the fish in the sea to satisfy them?"[^ ] 23 Yahweh said to Moses, "Is my hand short?[^ ] Now you will see whether or not my word is true."[^ ]
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[^ ]: **11:16** **Be sure that they are elders and officers of the people** (**L**: *Be sure that they are elders and officers of the people* | **S**: *Make sure they are leaders among the Israelite people*) God told Moses to bring seventy Israelite leaders to the tent of meeting. God wanted these leaders to be **elders** and **officers** of the Israelites. The term **elders** refers to people (in the Bible, usually men) who have grown old enough to become mature adults and leaders within a community. The term **officers** refers to people in a position of leadership and authority. It is important for leaders to be mature and godly members of God's people. Translate **Be sure that they are elders and officers of the people** to mean the people God instructed Moses to bring to the tent of meeting should be mature community members who were in a position of leadership.
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[^ ]: **11:16** **Be sure that they are elders and officers of the people** (**L**: *Be sure that they are elders and officers of the people* | **S**: *Make sure they are leaders among the Israelite people*) God told Moses to bring seventy Israelite leaders to the tent of meeting. God wanted these leaders to be **elders** and **officers** of the Israelites. The term **elders** refers to people (in the Bible, usually men) who have grown old enough to become mature adults and leaders within a community. The term **officers** refer to people in a position of leadership and authority. Leaders need to be mature and godly members of God's people. Translate **Be sure that they are elders and officers of the people** to mean the people God instructed Moses to bring to the tent of meeting should be mature community members who were in a position of leadership.
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[^ ]: **11:16** **Bring them to the tent of meeting to stand there with you** (**L**: *Bring them to the tent of meeting to stand there with you* | **S**: *Tell them to stand with you in front of the sacred tent*) God instructed Moses to have the seventy leaders stand next to Moses at the tent of meeting. The **tent of meeting** refers to a tent which was a temporary place where God met with Moses before the tabernacle was built. Translate **Bring them to the tent of meeting to stand there with you** as a command for Moses to instruct the seventy elders to stand next to Moses at the special tent where God met with Moses.
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[^ ]: **11:16** **Bring them to the tent of meeting to stand there with you** (**L**: *Bring them to the tent of meeting to stand there with you* | **S**: *Tell them to stand with you in front of the sacred tent*) God instructed Moses to have the seventy leaders stand next to Moses at the tent of meeting. The **tent of meeting** refers to a tent that was a temporary place where God met with Moses before the tabernacle was built. Translate **Bring them to the tent of meeting to stand there with you** as a command for Moses to instruct the seventy elders to stand next to Moses at the special tent where God met with Moses.
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[^ ]: **11:17** **I will take some of the Spirit that is on you and put it on them** (**L**: *I will take some of the Spirit that is on you and put it on them* | **S**: *I will take some of the power of my Spirit that you have, and I will put that power on them also*) God told Moses that he would give the seventy elders power to help Moses lead the people. The **Spirit** here represents the power that God’s Spirit had given to Moses so that Moses could do what God told him to do. God gives power to leaders so they can care for people the way that God wants them to. Translate **I will take some of the Spirit that is on you and put it on them** to mean God would give the seventy elders some of the power that the Spirit had given him.
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[^ ]: **11:17** **I will take some of the Spirit that is on you and put it on them** (**L**: *I will take some of the Spirit that is on you and put it on them* | **S**: *I will take some of the power of my Spirit that you have, and I will put that power on them also*) God told Moses that he would give the seventy elders power to help Moses lead the people. The **Spirit** here represents the power that God’s Spirit had given to Moses so that Moses could do what God told him to do. God gives power to leaders so they can care for people the way God wants them to. Translate **I will take some of the Spirit that is on you and put it on them** to mean God would give the seventy elders some of the power that the Spirit had given him.
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[^ ]: **11:17** **They will bear the burden of the people with you. You will not have to bear it alone** (**L**: *They will bear the burden of the people with you. You will not have to bear it alone.* | **S**: *They will help you to take care of some of the things that the people are concerned about, in order that you will not need to do it alone*) God told Moses that the seventy elders would help Moses so that Moses did not experience the difficulty and responsibility of leadership alone. For **bear** see note on 11:12. God speaks of the responsibility of leading and providing for the people as if it were a burden that Moses and the leaders would carry. Translate **They will bear the burden of the people with you. You will not have to bear it alone** to mean the seventy elders will help Moses care for the people so that Moses did not have to feel the responsibility of caring for them alone.
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[^ ]: **11:17** **They will bear the burden of the people with you. You will not have to bear it alone** (**L**: *They will bear the burden of the people with you. You will not have to bear it alone.* | **S**: *They will help you to take care of some of the things that the people are concerned about, in order that you will not need to do it alone*) God told Moses that the seventy elders would help Moses so that Moses did not experience the difficulty and responsibility of leadership alone. For **bear**, see note on 11:12. God speaks of the responsibility of leading and providing for the people as if it were a burden that Moses and the leaders would carry. Translate **They will bear the burden of the people with you. You will not have to bear it alone**, to mean the seventy elders will help Moses care for the people so that Moses does not have to feel the responsibility of caring for them alone.
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[^ ]: **11:18** **Consecrate yourselves, for tomorrow and you will indeed eat meat, for you have wept and Yahweh has heard** (**L**: *Consecrate yourselves, for tomorrow you will indeed eat meat, for you have wept and Yahweh has heard* | **S**: *Make yourselves acceptable to me, and tomorrow you will have meat to eat. You were complaining, and Yahweh heard you*) God told the Israelites to fully dedicate themselves to God. When the Israelites asked for meat, they were not trusting God. God told the Israelites he would give them meat to eat. Rather than a blessing, the provision of meat would be a punishment. The word **consecrate** means to dedicate something or someone to serve God. The person or object that is consecrated is considered holy and set apart for God. God wanted the Israelites to dedicate themselves to the Lord. God was not simply giving the Israelites what they asked for. God was giving them meat as a punishment for their complaining. Sometimes God gives people the things they desire as a punishment or judgment. Translate **Consecrate yourselves, for tomorrow and you will indeed eat meat, for you have wept and Yahweh has heard** as a command for the Israelites to set themselves apart to completely belong to God because God heard their complaining and was going to give them meat as they asked for.
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[^ ]: **11:18** **Consecrate yourselves, for tomorrow and you will indeed eat meat, for you have wept and Yahweh has heard** (**L**: *Consecrate yourselves, for tomorrow you will indeed eat meat, for you have wept and Yahweh has heard* | **S**: *Make yourselves acceptable to me, and tomorrow you will have meat to eat. You were complaining, and Yahweh heard you*). God told the Israelites to fully dedicate themselves to God. When the Israelites asked for meat, they were not trusting God. God told the Israelites he would give them meat to eat. Rather than a blessing, the provision of meat would be a punishment. The word **consecrate** means to dedicate something or someone to serve God. The person or object that is consecrated is considered holy and set apart for God. God wanted the Israelites to dedicate themselves to the Lord. God was not simply giving the Israelites what they asked for. God was giving them meat as a punishment for their complaining. Sometimes God gives people the things they desire as a punishment or judgment. Translate **Consecrate yourselves, for tomorrow and you will indeed eat meat, for you have wept and Yahweh has heard** as a command for the Israelites to set themselves apart to completely belong to God because God heard their complaining and was going to give them meat as they asked for.
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[^ ]: **11:18** **Who will give us meat to eat?** See note on 11:4.
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[^ ]: **11:18** **It was good for us in Egypt** (**L**: *It was good for us in Egypt* | **S**: *We had better food in Egypt!*) The Israelites thought that life was better for them in Egypt. The Israelites were focused on their present physical discomfort and did not focus on the freedom that God had given them. Our desires lead us to disobey God when we value physical comforts as more important than God's deliverance and salvation. Translate **It was good for us in Egypt** to mean the Israelites thought that life was better when they were slaves living in Egypt.
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[^ ]: **11:18** **It was good for us in Egypt** (**L**: *It was good for us in Egypt* | **S**: *We had better food in Egypt!*) The Israelites thought that life was better for them in Egypt. The Israelites were focused on their present physical discomfort and did not focus on the freedom that God had given them. Our desires lead us to disobey God when we consider physical comforts more important than God's deliverance and salvation. Translate **It was good for us in Egypt** to mean the Israelites thought that life was better when they were slaves living in Egypt.
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[^ ]: **11:18** **Yahweh will give you meat, and you will eat it** (**L**: *Yahweh will give you meat, and you will eat it* | **S**: *Yahweh will give you some meat, and you will eat it*) God said he would give the Israelites meat like they asked for. This statement does not simply refer to the fact that the Israelites would eat the meat God provided. It also means that the Israelites would experience many negative things when they eat the meat. God knew what would be best for the Israelites. The Israelites thought that God was mistreating them. God sometimes gives us our desires as a form of discipline or punishment for sin. Translate **Yahweh will give you meat, and you will eat it** to mean God will give the Israelites meat and they will eat the meat they asked for.
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[^ ]: **11:18** **Yahweh will give you meat, and you will eat it** (**L**: *Yahweh will give you meat, and you will eat it* | **S**: *Yahweh will give you some meat, and you will eat it*) God said he would give the Israelites meat as they asked for. This statement does not simply refer to the fact that the Israelites would eat the meat God provided. It also means the Israelites would experience many negative things when they ate the meat. God knew what would be best for the Israelites. The Israelites thought that God was mistreating them. God sometimes gives us our desires as a form of discipline or punishment for sin. Translate **Yahweh will give you meat, and you will eat it** to mean God will give the Israelites meat, and they will eat the meat they asked for.
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[^ ]: **11:20** **you will eat meat for a whole month until it comes out of your nostrils** (**L**: *you will eat meat for a whole month until it comes out of your nostrils* | **S**: *You will eat meat every day for one month until it comes out of your nose*) The Israelites would eat meat for an entire month. They would have so much meat that they would eventually hate the meat they asked for. The meat would **comes out of your nostrils**. This phrase means 1) the Israelites would vomit the meat and it would come out through their nostrils or 2) the Israelites would eat so much meat that it would be as if it would come out of their nostrils. When people fulfill their sinful desires, they eventually become sick or burdened by the things that they wanted at an earlier time. Translate **you will eat meat for a whole month until it comes out of your nostrils** to mean the Israelites would eat the meat they requested for an entire month until it feels like it would have to come out of your nostrils.
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[^ ]: **11:20** **you will eat meat for a whole month until it comes out of your nostrils** (**L**: *you will eat meat for a whole month until it comes out of your nostrils* | **S**: *You will eat meat every day for one month until it comes out of your nose*) The Israelites would eat meat for an entire month. They would have so much meat that they would eventually hate the meat they asked for. The meat would **comes out of your nostrils**. This phrase means 1) the Israelites would vomit the meat, and it would come out through their nostrils, or 2) the Israelites would eat so much meat that it would be as if it would come out of their nostrils. When people fulfill their sinful desires, they eventually become sick or burdened by the things they wanted earlier. Translate **you will eat meat for a whole month until it comes out of your nostrils** to mean the Israelites would eat the meat they requested for an entire month until it felt like it would have to come out of their nostrils.
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[^ ]: **11:20** **It will disgust you** (**L**: *It will disgust you* | **S**: *You will loathe it*) The Israelites would eventually hate the meat they wanted. The word **disgust** means sick with nausea. The things we wrongly desire end up causing us harm and displeasure. Translate **It will disgust you** to mean the meat the Israelites asked for would make them sick.
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[^ ]: **11:20** **It will disgust you** (**L**: *It will disgust you* | **S**: *You will loathe it*). The Israelites would eventually hate the meat they wanted. The word **disgust** means sick with nausea. The things we wrongly desire end up causing us harm and displeasure. Translate **It will disgust you** to mean the meat the Israelites asked for would make them sick.
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[^ ]: **11:20** **because you have rejected Yahweh, who is among you** (**L**: *because you have rejected Yahweh, who is among you* | **S**: *because you have rejected Yahweh who is here among you*) God was with the Israelites. The reason the meat made the Israelites sick was the Israelites rejected God. In this context, the word **rejected** means to dismiss or to refuse to show loyalty toward someone or something. The meat was not evil. It was wrong for the Israelites to want meat because they were not trusting God and thought that God was mistreating them. Rather than wanting what God wanted for them, the Israelites wanted their own desires. This was a rejection of God. When people feel sinful desires, they want things without trusting God. When people forget that God is present with them, this can cause them to stop trusting God and try to fulfill their own desires. Translate **because you have rejected Yahweh, who is among you** to mean the reason the meat would cause the Israelites to be sick was the Israelites stopped trusting their God who was with them.
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[^ ]: **11:20** **because you have rejected Yahweh, who is among you** (**L**: *because you have rejected Yahweh, who is among you* | **S**: *because you have rejected Yahweh who is here among you*). God was with the Israelites. The reason the meat made the Israelites sick was the Israelites rejected God. In this context, the word **rejected** means to dismiss or refuse to show loyalty toward someone or something. The meat was not evil. It was wrong for the Israelites to want meat because they did not trust God and thought God was mistreating them. Rather than wanting what God wanted for them, the Israelites wanted their own desires. This was a rejection of God. When people feel sinful desires, they want things without trusting God. When people forget that God is present with them, this can cause them to stop trusting God and try to fulfill their own desires. Translate **because you have rejected Yahweh, who is among you** to mean the reason the meat would cause the Israelites to be sick was the Israelites stopped trusting their God who was with them.
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[^ ]: **11:20** **You have wept before him** For **wept** see note on 11:4.
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[^ ]: **11:20** **You have wept before him**. For **wept**, see note on 11:4.
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[^ ]: **11:20** **Why did we leave Egypt?** (**L**: *Why did we leave Egypt?* | **S**: *We would have had better food to eat if we had not left Egypt!*) The Israelites wished they were living back in Egypt. The people had used this question to express regret and to complain. When people feel wrong desires, they can be tempted to think that life before salvation was better than the hardships of the present moment. This is not true. Wrong desires can deceive us and tempt us to live like we did before we were saved. God wants us to endure present hardships by remembering how he rescued/delivered us from bondage and slavery. Translate **Why did we leave Egypt?** as a question that expresses that Israelites thought that they never should have left Egypt.
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[^ ]: **11:20** **Why did we leave Egypt?** (**L**: *Why did we leave Egypt?* | **S**: *We would have had better food to eat if we had not left Egypt!*) The Israelites wished they were living back in Egypt. The people used this question to express regret and to complain. When people feel wrong desires, they can be tempted to think that life before salvation was better than the hardships of the present moment. This is not true. Wrong desires can deceive us and tempt us to live like we did before we were saved. God wants us to endure present hardships by remembering how he rescued/delivered us from bondage and slavery. Translate **Why did we leave Egypt?** as a question expressing that Israelites thought they should never have left Egypt.
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[^ ]: **11:22** **Should we kill flocks and herds to satisfy them?** (**L**: *Should we kill flocks and herds to satisfy them?* | **S**: *Even if we killed all the sheep and cattle, that would not be enough to provide meat for all of them!*) Moses did not know where to get meat to feed all the Israelites. Moses used this question to express his doubt that there could be enough meat to feed all of the people. Moses tells God that they would have to kill entire flocks and herds and catch all the fish in the sea to satisfy the Israelites. Even though God rescued Israel from Egypt and provided manna, Moses did not think it was possible to feed so many people. When people doubt that God can provide for their needs, it causes them to not trust God. When we do not trust that God is sufficient to provide for his people, we can become anxious, worried, or discontent. Translate **Should we kill flocks and herds to satisfy them?** as a question that doubts that there is enough meat to feed the Israelites.
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[^ ]: **11:22** **Should we kill flocks and herds to satisfy them?** (**L**: *Should we kill flocks and herds to satisfy them?* | **S**: *Even if we killed all the sheep and cattle, that would not be enough to provide meat for all of them!*) Moses did not know where to get meat to feed all the Israelites. Moses used this question to express his doubt that there could be enough meat to feed all the people. Moses tells God they would have to kill entire flocks and herds and catch all the fish in the sea to satisfy the Israelites. Even though God rescued Israel from Egypt and provided manna, Moses did not think it was possible to feed so many people. When people doubt that God can provide for their needs, it causes them not to trust God. When we do not trust that God is sufficient to provide for his people, we can become anxious, worried, or discontent. Translate **Should we kill flocks and herds to satisfy them?** as a question that doubts that there is enough meat to feed the Israelites.
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[^ ]: **11:23** **Is my hand short?** (**L**: *Is my hand short?* | **S**: *Do you think that I have no power?*) God told Moses that he was powerful enough to provide meat for all of the Israelites. Here the word **hand** represents God’s power. God uses this question to rebuke Moses for thinking that God did not have the power to provide enough meat for the people. Moses should have known that God is more than strong enough to do what he said. When people doubt that God is powerful, it causes them to not trust God. Translate **Is my hand short?** as a question that asks if Moses thinks that God is powerful enough to do what he said he would do.
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[^ ]: **11:23** **Is my hand short?** (**L**: *Is my hand short?* | **S**: *Do you think that I have no power?*) God told Moses he was powerful enough to provide meat for all Israelites. Here the word **hand** represents God’s power. God uses this question to rebuke Moses for thinking that God did not have the power to provide enough meat for the people. Moses should have known that God was more than strong enough to do what he said. When people doubt that God is powerful, it causes them not to trust God. Translate **Is my hand short?** as a question that asks if Moses thinks that God is powerful enough to do what he said he would do.
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[^ ]: **11:23** **Now you will see whether or not my word is true** (**L**: *Now you will see whether or not my word is true* | **S**: *You will now see if I can do what I say I will do* ) God told Moses that God's word would happen like God said it would happen. The Israelites and Moses were not trusting God and his word. God always does was he promises he will do. God's word is always true. People follow their wrong desires when they do not believe God says true things. Translate **Now you will see whether or not my word is true** to mean Moses would see that God said true things because God would do the things he said he would do.
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[^ ]: **11:23** **Now you will see whether or not my word is true** (**L**: *Now you will see whether or not my word is true* | **S**: *You will now see if I can do what I say I will do* ) God told Moses that God's word would happen like God said it would happen. The Israelites and Moses were not trusting God and his word. God always does as he promises he will do. God's word is always true. People follow their wrong desires when they do not believe God says true things. Translate **Now you will see whether or not my word is true** to mean Moses would see that God said true things because God would do the things he said he would do.
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24 Moses went out and told the people Yahweh's words.[^ ] He gathered seventy of the people's elders and positioned them around the tent.[^ ] 25 Yahweh came down in the cloud and spoke to Moses.[^ ] Yahweh took some of the Spirit that was on Moses and put it on the seventy elders.[^ ] When the Spirit rested on them, they prophesied,[^ ] but only on that occasion and not again.[^ ]
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[^ ]: **11:24** **Moses went out and told the people Yahweh's words** Moses obeyed God and told the people God's words. See 11:18–20.
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[^ ]: **11:24** **Moses went out and told the people Yahweh's words**. Moses obeyed God and told the people God's words. See 11:18–20.
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[^ ]: **11:24** **He gathered seventy of the people's elders and positioned them around the tent** See note on 11:16.
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[^ ]: **11:24** **He gathered seventy of the people's elders and positioned them around the tent**. See note on 11:16.
|
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[^ ]: **11:25** **Yahweh came down in the cloud and spoke to Moses** (**L**: *Yahweh came down in the cloud and spoke to Moses* | **S**: *Yahweh came down in the cloud that was above the tent and spoke to Moses*) God spoke to Moses from a cloud that came down over the tent of meeting. God established a way for his people to meet with him. At this time, God met with his people at the tent of meeting. In the New Testament, Jesus made it possible for all believers to meet and talk with God any time they want to. When we regularly meet with God in prayer, we can develop desires that align with God's desires. Translate **Yahweh came down in the cloud and spoke to Moses** to mean God talked to Moses from a cloud that came down above the tent of meeting.
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[^ ]: **11:25** **Yahweh came down in the cloud and spoke to Moses** (**L**: *Yahweh came down in the cloud and spoke to Moses* | **S**: *Yahweh came down in the cloud that was above the tent and spoke to Moses*) God spoke to Moses from a cloud that came down over the tent of meeting. God established a way for his people to meet with him. At this time, God met with his people at the tent of meeting. In the New Testament, Jesus made it possible for all believers to meet and talk with God whenever they want. When we regularly meet with God in prayer, we can develop desires that align with God's desires. Translate **Yahweh came down in the cloud and spoke to Moses** to mean God talked to Moses from a cloud that came down above the tent of meeting.
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[^ ]: **11:25** **Yahweh took some of the Spirit that was on Moses and put it on the seventy elders** See note on 11:17.
|
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[^ ]: **11:25** **Yahweh took some of the Spirit that was on Moses and put it on the seventy elders**. See note on 11:17.
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[^ ]: **11:25** **When the Spirit rested on them, they prophesied** (**L**: *When the Spirit rested on them, they prophesied* | **S**: *By means of the power of the Spirit within them, they prophesied*) God gave the seventy elders the power the Spirit had given Moses. When this happened, the leaders prophesied. The word **prophesied** means to speaks God’s messages to people. The word **rested** means to stay or settle down on something. Having power from the Spirit is spoken of as if the Spirit rested on them. God gives power to leaders to care for his people. Translate **When the Spirit rested on them, they prophesied** to mean the seventy elders spoke messages from God when they had the power from the Spirit.
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[^ ]: **11:25** **When the Spirit rested on them, they prophesied** (**L**: *When the Spirit rested on them, they prophesied* | **S**: *By means of the power of the Spirit within them, they prophesied*) God gave the seventy elders the power the Spirit had given Moses. When this happened, the leaders prophesied. The word **prophesied** means to speak God’s messages to people. The word **rested** means to stay or settle down on something. Having power from the Spirit is spoken of as if the Spirit rested on them. God gives power to leaders to care for his people. Translate **When the Spirit rested on them, they prophesied** to mean the seventy elders spoke messages from God when they had the power from the Spirit.
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[^ ]: **11:25** **only on that occasion and not again** (**L**: *only on that occasion and not again* | **S**: *they did that only once*) The seventy elders prophesied by the power of the Spirit at this time. They did not continue to prophesy after this moment. God gives the power of his Spirit to people the way he wants to give it. Translate **only on that occasion and not again** to mean the seventy elders prophesied at this time but did not continue to do so after this time.
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[^ ]: **11:25** **only on that occasion and not again** (**L**: *only on that occasion and not again* | **S**: *they did that only once*). The seventy elders prophesied by the power of the Spirit at this time. They did not continue to prophesy after this moment. God gives the power of his Spirit to people the way he wants to give it. Translate **only on that occasion and not again** to mean the seventy elders prophesied at this time but did not continue to do so after this time.
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26 Two men remained in the camp, named Eldad and Medad.[^ ] The Spirit also rested on them.[^ ] Their names were written on the list, but they had not gone out to the tent.[^ ] Nevertheless, they prophesied in the camp.[^ ] 27 A young man in the camp ran and told Moses, "Eldad and Medad are prophesying in the camp." 28 Joshua son of Nun, Moses' assistant, one of his chosen men, said to Moses, "My master Moses, stop them."[^ ] 29 Moses said to him, "Are you jealous for my sake?[^ ] I wish that all of Yahweh's people were prophets and that he would put his Spirit on them all!"[^ ] 30 Then Moses and the elders of Israel went back to the camp.
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[^ ]: **11:26** **Two men remained in the camp, named Eldad and Medad** (**L**: *Two men remained in the camp, named Eldad and Medad* | **S**: *Two of the leaders whom Moses appointed, Eldad and Medad, were not there when the rest of them gathered together*) Two men stayed with the people and did not gather at the tent. The names of these men were **Eldad** and **Medad**. Translate **Two men remained in the camp, named Eldad and Medad** to mean Eldad and Medad stayed with the people and did not gather at the tent of meeting with Moses and the elders.
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[^ ]: **11:26** **Two men remained in the camp, named Eldad and Medad** (**L**: *Two men remained in the camp, named Eldad and Medad* | **S**: *Two of the leaders whom Moses appointed, Eldad and Medad, were not there when the rest of them gathered together*) Two men stayed with the people and did not gather at the tent. The names of these men were **Eldad** and **Medad**. Translate **Two men remained in the camp, named Eldad and Medad**, to mean Eldad and Medad stayed with the people and did not gather at the tent of meeting with Moses and the elders.
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[^ ]: **11:26** **The Spirit also rested on them** See note on 11:25.
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[^ ]: **11:26** **The Spirit also rested on them**. See note on 11:25.
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[^ ]: **11:26** **Their names were written on the list, but they had not gone out to the tent** (**L**: *Their names were written on the list, but they had not gone out to the tent* | **S**: *They had not left their tents to go and stand around the sacred tent*) Eldad and Medad were appointed as leaders and their names were recorded on some list. These men did not gather with Moses and the elders at the tent. Eldad and Medad could have been 1) part of the seventy elders Moses selected, 2) elders not appointed as part of the seventy elders, 3) other leaders in Israel. Translate **Their names were written on the list, but they had not gone out to the tent** to mean Eldad and Medad were leaders whose names were recorded on a list but they did not gather with Moses and the elders at the tent of meeting.
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[^ ]: **11:26** **Their names were written on the list, but they had not gone out to the tent** (**L**: *Their names were written on the list, but they had not gone out to the tent* | **S**: *They had not left their tents to go and stand around the sacred tent*) Eldad and Medad were appointed as leaders and their names were recorded on some list. These men did not gather with Moses and the elders at the tent. Eldad and Medad could have been 1) part of the seventy elders Moses selected, 2) elders not appointed as part of the seventy elders, and 3) other leaders in Israel. Translate **Their names were written on the list, but they had not gone out to the tent** to mean Eldad and Medad were leaders whose names were recorded on a list, but they did not gather with Moses and the elders at the tent of meeting.
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[^ ]: **11:26** **they prophesied in the camp** See note on 11:25.
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[^ ]: **11:26** **they prophesied in the camp**. See note on 11:25.
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[^ ]: **11:28** **My master Moses, stop them** (**L**: *My master Moses, stop them* | **S**: *Sir, tell them to stop doing that*) Joshua asked Moses to tell Eldad and Medad to stop prophesying. Joshua felt that these men threatened the leadership of Moses and the seventy elders. Joshua did not fully understand the situation. God caused Eldad and Medad to prophesy. When leaders feel threatened by others, they can sometimes use force to stop God's people from doing what God wants them to do. It is wrong to desire to keep leadership for oneself. God wants us to desire other people to experience the power of God's Spirit. Translate **My master Moses, stop them** as a request for Moses to tell Eldad and Medad to stop prophesying.
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[^ ]: **11:29** **Are you jealous for my sake?** (**L**: *Are you jealous for my sake?* | **S**: *Are you worried that they might injure my reputation?*) Moses asked Joshua if he feared other people would challenge Moses' leadership position. Moses used this question to rebuke Joshua. The word **jealous** means a strong desire of zeal or envy. Joshua was concerned that Eldad and Medad might take away Moses' authority and cause people to not respect him as a leader. Another wrong desire is jealousy. When people become envious and jealous of others, they desire sinful things that don't please God. Translate **Are you jealous for my sake?** as a question that rebukes Joshua for being jealous to defend Moses' authority and leadership against Eldad and Medad.
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[^ ]: **11:29** **Are you jealous for my sake?** (**L**: *Are you jealous for my sake?* | **S**: *Are you worried that they might injure my reputation?*) Moses asked Joshua if he feared other people would challenge Moses' leadership position. Moses used this question to rebuke Joshua. The word **jealous** means a strong desire of zeal or envy. Joshua was concerned that Eldad and Medad might take away Moses' authority and cause people not to respect him as a leader. Another wrong desire is jealousy. When people become envious and jealous of others, they desire sinful things that don't please God. Translate **Are you jealous for my sake?** as a question that rebukes Joshua for being jealous to defend Moses' authority and leadership against Eldad and Medad.
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[^ ]: **11:29** **I wish that all of Yahweh's people were prophets and that he would put his Spirit on them all** (**L**: *I wish that all of Yahweh’s people were prophets and that he would put his Spirit on them all* | **S**: *I wish that Yahweh would give the power of his Spirit to all of them*) Moses said he would be pleased if all of God's people could prophesy by the power of the Spirit. Moses did not try to keep leadership for himself. He shared leadership with the seventy elders. Moses also desired others to have the power of leadership if it was something that God wanted. It is a good thing to desire other people to experience the power of God's Spirit. It is a wrong desire to keep spiritual authority and power for oneself. Translate **I wish that all of Yahweh's people were prophets and that he would put his Spirit on them all** to mean Moses would be very happy if God gave all of his people the power of the Spirit so they could prophesy.
|
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[^ ]: **11:29** **I wish that all of Yahweh's people were prophets and that he would put his Spirit on them all** (**L**: *I wish that all of Yahweh’s people were prophets and that he would put his Spirit on them all* | **S**: *I wish that Yahweh would give the power of his Spirit to all of them*) Moses said he would be pleased if all of God's people could prophesy by the power of the Spirit. Moses did not try to keep leadership for himself. He shared leadership with the seventy elders. Moses also desired others to have the power of leadership if it was something that God wanted. It is good to desire other people to experience the power of God's Spirit. It is a wrong desire to keep spiritual authority and power for oneself. Translate **I wish that all of Yahweh's people were prophets and that he would put his Spirit on them all** to mean Moses would be very happy if God gave all of his people the power of the Spirit so they could prophesy.
|
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|
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31 Then a wind came from Yahweh and brought quail from the sea.[^ ] They fell near the camp, about a day's journey on one side and a day's journey on the other side.[^ ] The quail surrounded the camp about two cubits above the ground.[^ ] 32 The people were busy gathering quail all that day, all the night, and all the next day.[^ ] No one gathered less than ten homers of quail.[^ ] They shared the quail all through the camp.[^ ] 33 While the meat was still between their teeth, while they were chewing it, Yahweh became angry at them.[^ ] He attacked the people with a very great disease.[^ ] 34 That place was named Kibroth Hattaavah, because there they buried the people who had craved meat.[^ ] 35 From Kibroth Hattaavah the people traveled to Hazeroth, where they stayed.
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|
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[^ ]: **11:31** **a wind came from Yahweh and brought quail from the sea** (**L**: *a wind came from Yahweh and brought quail from the sea* | **S**: *Yahweh sent a strong wind from the sea*) God provided meat for the Israelites by sending quail. **Quail** is a small bird. God caused a wind to bring a large number of these birds to the Israelite camp. This was a miracle. God is powerful and can provide anything that he wants to. Translate **a wind came from Yahweh and brought quail from the sea** to mean God caused a wind to bring quail from the sea to the camp where the Israelites were staying.
|
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|
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[^ ]: **11:31** **They fell near the camp, about a day's journey on one side and a day's journey on the other side** (**L**: *They fell near the camp, about a day’s journey on one side and a day’s journey on the other side* | **S**: *The wind blew quail into the area all around the camp, and caused the quail to fall onto the ground*) The quail fell on the ground around the Israelite camp. At this time, **a day's journey** was about 12-15 miles (19-24 kilometers). This shows the large quantity of birds God provided. Translate **They fell near the camp, about a day's journey on one side and a day's journey on the other side** to mean the quail fell around where the Israelites were staying as far as a person could walk in one day in each direction of the camp.
|
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[^ ]: **11:31** **They fell near the camp, about a day's journey on one side and a day's journey on the other side** (**L**: *They fell near the camp, about a day’s journey on one side and a day’s journey on the other side* | **S**: *The wind blew quail into the area all around the camp, and caused the quail to fall onto the ground*) The quail fell on the ground around the Israelite camp. At this time, **a day's journey** was about 12-15 miles (19-24 kilometers). This shows the large number of birds God provided. Translate **They fell near the camp, about a day's journey on one side and a day's journey on the other side** to mean the quail fell around where the Israelites were staying as far as a person could walk in one day in each direction of the camp.
|
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|
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[^ ]: **11:31** **The quail surrounded the camp about two cubits above the ground** (**L**: *The quail surrounded the camp about two cubits above the ground* | **S**: *They were piled up on the ground a meter high!*) The birds piled up high around the camp. A **cubit** is a unit of measurement equal to about 46 centimeters. The birds were 92 centimeters (or about 1 meter) off of the ground. This also shows the large quantity of birds God provided. Translate **The quail surrounded the camp about two cubits above the ground** to mean the small birds fell around the camp and piled up nearly a meter in height.
|
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[^ ]: **11:31** **The quail surrounded the camp about two cubits above the ground** (**L**: *The quail surrounded the camp about two cubits above the ground* | **S**: *They were piled up on the ground a meter high!*) The birds piled up high around the camp. A **cubit** is a unit of measurement equal to about 46 centimeters. The birds were 92 centimeters (or about 1 meter) off the ground. This also shows the large number of birds God provided. Translate **The quail surrounded the camp about two cubits above the ground**, to mean the small birds fell around the camp and piled up nearly a meter in height.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **11:32** **The people were busy gathering quail all that day, all the night, and all the next day** (**L**: *The people were busy gathering quail all that day, all the night, and all the next day* | **S**: *the people went out and gathered up the quail all that day, and all that night, and all of the following day*) The Israelites spent much time gathering the quail. They tried to gather as much meat as they could gather. There were a lot of birds and the Israelites really wanted meat. They spent a lot of time trying to gather the quail. Translate **The people were busy gathering quail all that day, all the night, and all the next day** to mean the Israelites gathered as much quail as they could that day and night and the whole next day.
|
||||
[^ ]: **11:32** **The people were busy gathering quail all that day, all the night, and all the next day** (**L**: *The people were busy gathering quail all that day, all the night, and all the next day* | **S**: *the people went out and gathered up the quail all that day, and all that night, and all of the following day*). The Israelites spent much time gathering the quail. They tried to gather as much meat as they could gather. There were a lot of birds, and the Israelites really wanted meat. They spent a lot of time trying to gather the quail. Translate **The people were busy gathering quail all that day, all the night, and all the next day**, to mean the Israelites gathered as much quail as they could that day and night and the whole next day.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **11:32** **No one gathered less than ten homers of quail** (**L**: *No one gathered less than ten homers of quail* | **S**: *It seemed as though each person gathered two cubic meters*) Each person gathered at least ten homers of quail. A **homer** is a unit of volume equal to about 220 liters. Each Israelite gathered at least 2,200 liters of quail. This also shows the large quantity of quail. The Israelites really wanted meat and this desire caused them to gather large quantities of quail. When people have wrong desires, they can overindulge in excess. Translate **No one gathered less than ten homers of quail** to mean everyone gathered at least 2,200 liters of the small birds that had fallen around the camp.
|
||||
[^ ]: **11:32** **No one gathered less than ten homers of quail** (**L**: *No one gathered less than ten homers of quail* | **S**: *It seemed as though each person gathered two cubic meters*). Each person gathered at least ten homers of quail. A **homer** is a unit of volume equal to about 220 liters. Each Israelite gathered at least 2,200 liters of quail. This also shows the large quantity of quail. The Israelites really wanted meat, which caused them to gather large quantities of quail. When people have wrong desires, they can overindulge in excess. Translate **No one gathered less than ten homers of quail**, to mean everyone gathered at least 2,200 liters of the small birds that had fallen around the camp.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **11:32** **They shared the quail all through the camp** (**L**: *They shared the quail all through the camp* | **S**: *They spread the quail out on the ground all around the camp, so that the quail would lose their moisture*) The Israelites spread out the quail on the ground. It is possible that this was to dry out the meat. Translate **They shared the quail all through the camp** to mean the Israelites spread out the quail on the ground throughout the Israelite camp.
|
||||
[^ ]: **11:32** **They shared the quail all through the camp** (**L**: *They shared the quail all through the camp* | **S**: *They spread the quail out on the ground all around the camp, so that the quail would lose their moisture*). The Israelites spread out the quail on the ground. It is possible that this was to dry out the meat. Translate **They shared the quail all through the camp**, to mean the Israelites spread out the quail on the ground throughout the Israelite camp.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **11:33** **While the meat was still between their teeth, while they were chewing it, Yahweh became angry at them** (**L**: *While the meat was still between their teeth, while they were chewing it, Yahweh became angry at them* | **S**: *Then they cooked them and started to eat them, but while they were still eating the meat, Yahweh showed that he was very angry with them*) The Israelites also ate some of the quail. The phrase **while the meat was still between their teeth** and **while they were chewing it** mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that God punished them immediately, even while they were eating the meat. When people satisfy their sinful desires, they may experience joy and pleasure for a moment but this feeling of joy will not last God is not pleased when people try to satisfy their wrong desires. Translate **While the meat was still between their teeth, while they were chewing it, Yahweh became angry at them** to mean God was angry with the Israelites at the very time they were eating the meat of the quail.
|
||||
[^ ]: **11:33** **While the meat was still between their teeth, while they were chewing it, Yahweh became angry at them** (**L**: *While the meat was still between their teeth, while they were chewing it, Yahweh became angry at them* | **S**: *Then they cooked them and started to eat them, but while they were still eating the meat, Yahweh showed that he was very angry with them*). The Israelites also ate some of the quail. The phrases **while the meat was still between their teeth** and **while they were chewing it** basically mean the same thing. Together they emphasize that God punished them immediately, even while they were eating the meat. When people satisfy their sinful desires, they may experience joy and pleasure for a moment, but this feeling of joy will not last. God is not pleased when people try to satisfy their wrong desires. Translate **While the meat was still between their teeth, while they were chewing it, Yahweh became angry at them** to mean God was angry with the Israelites at the very time they were eating the meat of the quail.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **11:33** **He attacked the people with a very great disease** (**L**: *He attacked the people with a very great disease* | **S**: *He sent a severe plague on them, and many people died*) God punished the Israelites by causing people to get sick with a serious disease. In this context, the word **attacked** means to strike or punish someone by acting in a way that would harm them. When people satisfy their sinful desires, God will punish them. Translate **He attacked the people with a very great disease** to mean God struck the Israelites with a serious sickness and many people died.
|
||||
[^ ]: **11:33** **He attacked the people with a very great disease** (**L**: *He attacked the people with a very great disease* | **S**: *He sent a severe plague on them, and many people died*). God punished the Israelites by causing people to get sick with a serious disease. In this context, the word **attacked** means to strike or punish someone by acting in a way that would harm them. When people satisfy their sinful desires, God will punish them. Translate **He attacked the people with a very great disease** to mean God struck the Israelites with a serious sickness, and many people died.
|
||||
|
||||
[^ ]: **11:34** **That place was named Kibroth Hattaavah, because there they buried the people who had craved meat** (**L**: *That place was named Kibroth Hattaavah, because there they buried the people who had craved meat* | **S**: *They called that place Kibroth Hattaavah, which means ‘graves of those who craved.’*) Many Israelites died and people buried their dead bodies. The people named that place Kibroth Hattaavah because this means graves of people who craved. For craved see note on 11:4. Sinful desires will lead people to death and judgment. Translate **That place was named Kibroth Hattaavah, because there they buried the people who had craved meat** to mean the people named that place "Graves of Craving" because they buried many people who died because they craved meat.
|
||||
[^ ]: **11:34** **That place was named Kibroth Hattaavah, because there they buried the people who had craved meat** (**L**: *That place was named Kibroth Hattaavah, because there they buried the people who had craved meat* | **S**: *They called that place Kibroth Hattaavah, which means ‘graves of those who craved.’*) Many Israelites died and people buried their dead bodies. The people named that place Kibroth Hattaavah because this means graves of people who craved. For **craved**, see note on 11:4. Sinful desires will lead people to death and judgment. Translate **That place was named Kibroth Hattaavah, because there they buried the people who had craved meat** to mean the people named that place "Graves of Craving" because they buried many people who died because they craved meat.
|
||||
|
||||
## Introduction
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ The following verse summarizes the core teaching of this passage. Recite this ve
|
|||
> Now these things were examples for us, so we would not long for evil things as they did 1 Corinthians 10:6
|
||||
|
||||
#### Remember God's Goodness
|
||||
God done many good things for his people. It is easy to forget the good things God had done and become discouraged by present challenges. Take time as a community to make a list of good things that God has done for you on an individual and community level.
|
||||
God has done many good things for his people. It is easy to forget the good things God has done and become discouraged by present challenges. Take time as a community to make a list of good things that God has done for you on an individual and community level.
|
||||
|
||||
> Some of the good things God has done for us are...
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ God wants believers to practice gratitude and contentment. Read the following pa
|
|||
#### Discuss the Passage
|
||||
After reading the passage, discuss what this passage says about the negative effects of ungodly desires. Use the following questions to guide your discussion as a community.
|
||||
|
||||
1. What does this passage teach the causes and effects of ungodly desires?
|
||||
1. What does this passage teach about the causes and effects of ungodly desires?
|
||||
2. What does it mean to be content? What does it mean to be godly in our contentment?
|
||||
3. How can we grow in our contentment?
|
||||
5. Why is it important for your community to practice contentment?
|
||||
|
|
@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ How did Yahweh respond to the complaints of the Israelites?
|
|||
Yahweh heard the people and became angry.
|
||||
|
||||
What did God send to the Israelites?
|
||||
God sent fire among the Israelites and it consumed some of the edges of the camp.
|
||||
God sent fire among the Israelites, and it consumed some of the edges of the camp.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Numbers 11:2
|
||||
What did Moses do when the people called out to him about the fire?
|
||||
|
|
@ -277,17 +277,17 @@ The people named the place Taberah because Yahweh's fire burned among them.
|
|||
|
||||
#### Numbers 11:4
|
||||
What kind of people began to camp with the Israelites?
|
||||
Some foreign people began to camp with Israelites.
|
||||
Some foreign people began to camp with the Israelites.
|
||||
|
||||
What did the foreign people want?
|
||||
The foreign people wanted better food to eat.
|
||||
|
||||
At this time, what did the Israelites begin to do?
|
||||
The Israelites began to weep and say, "Who will give us meat to eat?"
|
||||
The Israelites began to weep, saying, "Who will give us meat to eat?"
|
||||
|
||||
#### Numbers 11:5
|
||||
What did the Israelites remember about Egypt?
|
||||
The Israelites remembered the fish, cucumbers, melons, leeks, onions, and garlic that they ate freely in Egypt.
|
||||
The Israelites remembered the fish, cucumbers, melons, leeks, onions, and garlic they ate freely in Egypt.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Numbers 11:6
|
||||
What did the Israelites think about eating only manna?
|
||||
|
|
@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ What did Moses think about his responsibility to the Israelites?
|
|||
Moses did not want to be responsible for the Israelites because he did not conceive or birth them as a father.
|
||||
|
||||
What did Moses think about leading the Israelites to the land God promised to give them?
|
||||
Moses did not think he should be responsible to lead the Israelites to the land God promised to give them.
|
||||
Moses did not think he should be responsible for leading the Israelites to the land God promised to give them.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Numbers 11:13
|
||||
What concerned Moses about the Israelites' desire for meat?
|
||||
|
|
@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ What did Moses want God to do to him to end his misery?
|
|||
Moses asked God to kill him so that he would not have to continue to experience the misery of leading the Israelites.
|
||||
|
||||
Why did Moses want God to do this to him?
|
||||
Moses thought that God was already treating him badly.
|
||||
Moses thought that God was already mistreating him.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Numbers 11:16
|
||||
Who did Yahweh tell Moses to bring to him?
|
||||
|
|
@ -366,10 +366,10 @@ How did God tell the Israelites to prepare themselves?
|
|||
God told the Israelites to consecrate themselves.
|
||||
|
||||
What did God say he would do for the people?
|
||||
God said that he would give the people on the next day because he heard their complaint.
|
||||
God said he would give the people meat the next day because he heard their complaints.
|
||||
|
||||
What did the people earlier say about their food?
|
||||
The people earlier said that they wanted someone to give them meat and it was good during the time they lived in Egypt.
|
||||
The people earlier said that they wanted someone to give them meat, which was good when they lived in Egypt.
|
||||
|
||||
Who would supply the meat for the people to eat?
|
||||
Yahweh would give them meat, and they would eat it.
|
||||
|
|
@ -386,18 +386,18 @@ What would the Israelites think about the meat?
|
|||
Eventually, the meat would disgust the Israelites.
|
||||
|
||||
Why would the meat disgust the Israelites?
|
||||
The meat would disgust the Israelites because they rejected Yahweh who was among them.
|
||||
The meat would disgust the Israelites because they rejected Yahweh, who was among them.
|
||||
|
||||
When the Israelites complained before God, what did they think about Egypt?
|
||||
The Israelites complained before God and wished they did not leave Egypt.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Numbers 11:21
|
||||
What did Moses say about the number of Israelites?
|
||||
Moses was concerned that he was with 600,000 people and God said he would give them meat for a whole month.
|
||||
Moses was concerned that he was with 600,000 people, and God said he would give them meat for a whole month.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Numbers 11:22
|
||||
What did Moses think about feeding the Israelites meat for a month?
|
||||
Moses questioned if he would have to kill all the animals and catch all the fish in the see to feed the Israelites.
|
||||
Moses questioned if he would have to kill all the animals and catch all the fish in the sea to feed the Israelites.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Numbers 11:23
|
||||
What did Yahweh ask Moses about the power of his hand?
|
||||
|
|
@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ Yahweh said Moses would see whether or not Yahweh's word was true.
|
|||
|
||||
#### Numbers 11:24
|
||||
After he spoke with Yahweh, what did Moses do?
|
||||
Moses went out and told the people Yahweh's words, and gathered the seventy elders around the tent.
|
||||
Moses went out, told the people Yahweh's words, and gathered the seventy elders around the tent.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Numbers 11:25
|
||||
How did Yahweh speak with Moses?
|
||||
|
|
@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ What do we know about Eldad and Medad?
|
|||
Eldad and Medad were written on the list, but they had not gone out to the tent.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Numbers 11:27
|
||||
Who told Moses were prophesying in the camp?
|
||||
Who told Moses they were prophesying in the camp?
|
||||
A young man in the camp ran and told Moses that Eldad and Medad were prophesying in the camp.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Numbers 11:28
|
||||
|
|
@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ How far from the camp did the quail fall?
|
|||
The quail fell near the camp, about a day's journey on one side and a day's journey on the other side.
|
||||
|
||||
How much quail fell on the ground?
|
||||
The quail surrounded the camp about two cubits above the ground
|
||||
The quail surrounded the camp about two cubits above the ground.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Numbers 11:32
|
||||
How long were the people busy gathering the quail?
|
||||
|
|
@ -473,15 +473,15 @@ What did the Israelites do with the quail they gathered?
|
|||
They shared/spread the quail all through the camp.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Numbers 11:33
|
||||
How did Yahweh act in anger, while the people were still chewing the meat?
|
||||
How did Yahweh act angrily while the people were still chewing the meat?
|
||||
While the people were chewing, Yahweh became angry at them and attacked them with a very great disease.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Numbers 11:34
|
||||
What did the people name that place?
|
||||
The people named that place Kibroth Hattaavah.
|
||||
|
||||
What did the people name that place Kibroth Hattaavah?
|
||||
The people named that place Kibroth Hattaavah because there they buried the people who had craved meat.
|
||||
What did the people name that place, Kibroth Hattaavah?
|
||||
The people named that place Kibroth Hattaavah because they buried the people who had craved meat there.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Numbers 11:35
|
||||
Where did the Israelites travel to after Kibroth Hattaavah?
|
||||
|
|
@ -491,25 +491,27 @@ The people traveled to Hazeroth.
|
|||
Use the following translation questions to understand specific details of the passage. Discuss how you might translate these specific elements of the text.
|
||||
|
||||
### Grammar and Translation Training: Metaphors
|
||||
*Use the following exercise to learn about a specific grammar issue and its importance to understand the meaning of a text. This exercise will also help you develop skills to translate this issue accurately and naturally in your own language. If you need additional help on this translation topic, please reference [translationAcademy](https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/v24/03-translate.html#figs-metaphor).*
|
||||
*Use the following exercise to learn about a specific grammar issue and its importance in understanding the meaning of a text. This exercise will also help you develop skills to translate this issue accurately and naturally in your own language. If you need additional help on this translation topic, please reference [translationAcademy](https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/v24/03-translate.html#figs-metaphor).*
|
||||
|
||||
#### Explanation of Translation Issue
|
||||
*Read (or listen) to the explanation of the translation issue. As a community, discuss your understanding of this translation issue and its importance for translating the text.*
|
||||
|
||||
A metaphor is a figure of speech in which someone speaks of one thing as if it were a different thing because he wants people to think about how those two things are alike. A metaphor has three parts:
|
||||
|
||||
- The **topic** the item being immediately discussed by the writer/speaker.
|
||||
- The **image**, the physical item (object, event, action, etc.) which the speaker uses to describe the topic.
|
||||
- The **idea**, the abstract concept or quality that the physical **Image** brings to the mind of the hearer when he thinks of how the **Image** and the **Topic** are similar. Often, the **Idea** of a metaphor is not explicitly stated in the Bible, but it is only implied from the context. The hearer or reader usually needs to think of the **Idea** himself.
|
||||
- The **topic** is the item being immediately discussed by the writer/speaker.
|
||||
- The **image** is the physical item (object, event, action, etc.) that the speaker uses to describe the topic.
|
||||
- The **idea**, the abstract concept or quality that the physical **Image** brings to the mind of the hearer when he thinks of how the **Image** and the **Topic** are similar. Often, the **Idea** of a metaphor is not explicitly stated in the Bible but only implied from the context. The hearer or reader usually needs to think of the **Idea** himself.
|
||||
|
||||
Using these terms, we can say that a metaphor is a figure of speech that uses a physical **Image** to apply an abstract **Idea** to the speaker’s **Topic**.
|
||||
|
||||
Metaphors also come in two main types: passive and active. A **passive metaphor** is a metaphor that has been used so much in the language that its speakers no longer regard it as one concept standing for another. Linguists often call these "dead metaphors." They are extremely common. Examples in English include the terms table **leg**, family **tree**, and book **leaf**. In contrast, an **active metaphor** is recognized as one concept standing for another concept, or one thing standing for another thing. Active metaphors make people think about how the one thing is like the other, because in most ways the two things are very different. People also easily recognize these metaphors as giving strength and unusual qualities to the message. Metaphors require the translator’s special care to make a correct translation. To do so, you need to understand the parts of a metaphor, the type, and how they work together to produce meaning.
|
||||
Metaphors also come in two main types: passive and active. A **passive metaphor** is a metaphor that has been used so much in the language that its speakers no longer regard it as one concept standing for another. Linguists often call these "dead metaphors." They are extremely common. Examples in English include the terms table **leg**, family **tree**, and book **leaf**.
|
||||
|
||||
In contrast, an **active metaphor** is recognized as one concept standing for another concept or one thing standing for another thing. Active metaphors make people think about how the one thing is like the other, because the two things are very different in most ways. People also easily recognize these metaphors as giving strength and unusual qualities to the message. Metaphors require the translator’s special care to make a correct translation. To do so, you need to understand the parts of a metaphor, the type, and how they work together to produce meaning.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Examples in Biblical Passages
|
||||
*Read (or listen) to the passages below. Use the explanation above to complete the following activity.*
|
||||
|
||||
Review the explanation of metaphors above. Identify the metaphors in each passage. For each metaphor, identify the topic, image, and idea that is expressed. Once the idea of the metaphor is properly understood, discuss how that idea contributes to the meaning of each passage.
|
||||
Review the explanation of metaphors above. Identify the metaphors in each passage. For each metaphor, identify the topic, image, and idea that is expressed. Once the idea of the metaphor is understood correctly, discuss how that idea contributes to the meaning of each passage.
|
||||
|
||||
**Passage 1**: John 6:35
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -536,10 +538,10 @@ Review the explanation of metaphors above. Identify the metaphors in each passag
|
|||
> 14 In addition, you have not brought us into a land flowing with milk and honey, or given us the fields and vineyards as an inheritance. Now do you want to blind us with empty promises? We will not come to you."
|
||||
|
||||
#### Discovery of Your Own Language
|
||||
*Now that you understand the basics of this language issue, discuss if your language works in this specific way. Then, talk about different ways
|
||||
*Now that you understand the basics of this language issue, discuss if your language works in this specific way. Then, talk about different ways.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Does your language use metaphors to speak of one thing as if it were a different thing? so that the reader or hearer will consider how those two things are alike? *Discuss if people in your language can use metaphors in a natural way.*
|
||||
2. How can you use your language to communicate in a similar way? *Discuss how speakers in your language can use metaphors, or some other means, to express an idea based on the similarities between two things or concepts.
|
||||
1. Does your language use metaphors to speak of one thing as if it were a different thing? In such a way that the reader or hearer will consider how those two things are alike? *Discuss if people in your language can use metaphors in a natural way.*
|
||||
2. How can you use your language to communicate in a similar way? *Discuss how speakers in your language can use metaphors or other means to express an idea based on the similarities between two things or concepts.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Connecting Language and Theology
|
||||
*The study of language helps us understand theology. As a community, complete the following exercise to understand how this particular language concept teaches us more about the Christian faith.*
|
||||
|
|
@ -562,16 +564,16 @@ In the following passage, Jesus condemns the scribes and Pharisees for their sin
|
|||
#### Translation Suggestions
|
||||
*The following list provides some translation suggestions. Read (or listen) to these suggestions and discuss how your community will address this translation issue in your own language.*
|
||||
|
||||
People may not recognize that something is a metaphor. In other words, they may mistake a metaphor for a literal statement, and thus, misunderstand it. This misunderstanding could happen because of problems identifying the topic, image, or idea, or some combination of the three. They may not be familiar with the thing that is used as an image, and so, not be able to understand the metaphor. If the topic is not stated, people may not know what the topic is. In addition, people may not know the points of comparison that the speaker wants them to understand. If they fail to think of these points of comparison, they will not understand the metaphor. Lastly, People may think that they understand the metaphor, but they do not. This can happen when they apply points of comparison from their own culture, rather than from the biblical culture. Here are some translation strategies to avoid problems when translating metaphors:
|
||||
People may not recognize that something is a metaphor. In other words, they may mistake a metaphor for a literal statement and, thus, misunderstand it. This misunderstanding could happen because of problems identifying the topic, image, idea, or some combination of the three. They may not be familiar with the thing used as an image, so they may not be able to understand the metaphor. If the topic is not stated, people may not know what the topic is. In addition, people may not know the points of comparison that the speaker wants them to understand. If they fail to think of these points of comparison, they will not understand the metaphor. Lastly, people may think they understand the metaphor but do not. This can happen when they apply points of comparison from their own culture rather than from the biblical culture. Here are some translation strategies to avoid problems when translating metaphors:
|
||||
|
||||
1. If the metaphor is a common expression in the source language or expresses a patterned pair of concepts in a biblical language (that is, it is a passive metaphor), then express the **Idea** in the simplest way preferred by your language.
|
||||
2. If the metaphor seems to be an active metaphor, you can translate it literally **if you think that the target language also uses this metaphor in the same way to mean the same thing as in the Bible**. If you do this, be sure to test it to make sure that the language community understands it correctly.
|
||||
3. If the target audience does not realize that it is a metaphor, then change the metaphor to a simile. Some languages do this by adding words such as “like” or “as.” See [Simile](https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/v24/03-translate.html#figs-simile).
|
||||
3. If the target audience does not realize it is a metaphor, change it to a simile. Some languages do this by adding words such as “like” or “as.” See [Simile](https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/v24/03-translate.html#figs-simile).
|
||||
4. If the target audience would not know the **Image**, see [Translate Unknowns](https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/v24/03-translate.html#translate-unknown) for ideas on how to translate that image.
|
||||
5. If the target audience would not use that **Image** for that meaning, use an image from your own culture instead. Be sure that it is an image that could have been possible in Bible times.
|
||||
6. If the target audience would not know what the **Topic** is, then state the topic clearly. (However, do not do this if the original audience did not know what the Topic was.)
|
||||
5. If the target audience would not use that **Image** for that meaning, use an image from your own culture instead. Be sure it is an image that could have been possible in Bible times.
|
||||
6. If the target audience would not know what the **Topic** is, then state the topic clearly. (However, do not do this if the original audience does not know the Topic.)
|
||||
7. If the target audience would not know the intended similarity (the **Idea**) between the topic and the image, then state it clearly.
|
||||
8. If none of these strategies is satisfactory, then simply state the **Idea** plainly without using a metaphor.
|
||||
8. If none of these strategies is satisfactory, simply state the Idea plainly without using a metaphor.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Exploring Translation Further
|
||||
*If you need further help understanding this language topic, refer to the article in [translationAcademy](https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/v24/03-translate.html#figs-metaphor). Use this resource to strengthen your grasp of this translation issue.*
|
||||
|
|
@ -579,20 +581,20 @@ People may not recognize that something is a metaphor. In other words, they may
|
|||
#### Summary of Learning
|
||||
*At this point, you have explored an important feature of language and how this will help you translate more accurately and naturally. Summarize this language concept in your own words. Then compare what you wrote to the explanation above.*
|
||||
|
||||
metaphors are...
|
||||
Metaphors are...
|
||||
|
||||
These are some ways that we will translate metaphors in our own language...
|
||||
|
||||
#### Application to the Biblical Text
|
||||
*Now that you better understand this language concept, apply what you learned to the biblical text.*
|
||||
*Now that you understand this language concept better, apply what you learned to the biblical text.*
|
||||
|
||||
In Numbers 11:1-35, the people's sinful desire for food and comfort lead them to complain. Instead of enjoying the privilege, honor, and joy of being Yahweh's presence, they sinfully crave and request their return to Egypt. Their sinful desires place an extreme burden on Moses, who uses several metaphors to express his feelings. Discuss the use of metaphors in Numbers 11:1-35. Explore its contribution to the passage's meaning. Apply the principles in this training to clearly, accurately, and naturally translate metaphors in this narrative.
|
||||
In Numbers 11:1-35, the people's sinful desire for food and comfort leads them to complain. Instead of enjoying the privilege, honor, and joy of being in Yahweh's presence, they sinfully crave and request their return to Egypt. Their sinful desires place an extreme burden on Moses, who uses several metaphors to express his feelings. Discuss the use of metaphors in Numbers 11:1-35. Explore its contribution to the passage's meaning. Apply the principles in this training to clearly, accurately, and naturally translate metaphors in this narrative.
|
||||
|
||||
### Storycraft
|
||||
Retell this story in your own words (i.e., orally, dramatization, or written/crafted story). Try to tell the story in a way that is accurate (true to the Bible), natural (words that common people would use), and reproducible (memorable for someone listening to repeat it on their own). After crafting this story, retell it in your family, your church community, or to some other person God has placed in your life.
|
||||
Retell this story in your own words (i.e., orally, dramatization, or written/crafted story). Try to tell the story in an accurate way (true to the Bible), natural (words that common people would use), and reproducible (memorable for someone listening to repeat it on their own). After crafting this story, retell it in your family, your church community, or to some other person God has placed in your life.
|
||||
|
||||
## Theological Dialogue: Discussing the Meaning of the Story
|
||||
*Take time to explore the meaning of the text together as a community. Use the following discussions as a way to grasp what truth the biblical passage teaches.*
|
||||
*Take time to explore the meaning of the text together as a community. Use the following discussions to grasp what truth the biblical passage teaches.*
|
||||
|
||||
### Discourse Questions
|
||||
Use the following discourse questions to understand the meaning of the text. Pay attention to how the biblical passage itself addresses each question or theme.
|
||||
|
|
@ -614,7 +616,7 @@ Answer the following theology questions as a community. Discuss what truths this
|
|||
![[EJ-Movement-2-Drafting]]
|
||||
|
||||
## Personal Reflection: Following the Teaching of the Story
|
||||
*Take a moment to allow this text to evaluate your own life and to consider how God would have you respond. After this reflection, use the quality checking questions to check your translation draft among the translation team.*
|
||||
*Take a moment to allow this text to evaluate your own life and to consider how God would have you respond. After this reflection, use the quality-checking questions to check your translation draft among the translation team.*
|
||||
|
||||
### Journal Reflection
|
||||
Prayerfully think about the following personal reflection questions. Write/Record your answers and/or discuss them as a group.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -8,31 +8,31 @@ scripture: Esther 1.1–10.3
|
|||
## Session Overview
|
||||
|
||||
### Passage Preview
|
||||
The book of Esther paints a picture of the challenges and calling of living in a godless, pagan world. In this book, God’s people are living in exile in the Persian empire. The Jewish community had been displaced from their homeland, dispersed throughout a foreign land, and was constantly faced with cultural pressures to compromise their faith. As a diaspora community, the identity and integrity of God’s people was at stake. In the book Esther, we hear a story of what is entailed in living in exile.
|
||||
The book of Esther paints a picture of the challenges and calling of living in a godless, pagan world. In this book, God’s people are living in exile in the Persian empire. The Jewish community had been displaced from their homeland, dispersed throughout a foreign land, and constantly faced cultural pressures to compromise their faith. As a diaspora community, the identity and integrity of God’s people were at stake. In the book Esther, we hear a story of what life entails in exile.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Idea**: Pursue the best possible life as a work in progress.
|
||||
|
||||
### Core Objectives
|
||||
In the following session you will...
|
||||
In the following session, you will...
|
||||
|
||||
- **establish** foundational beliefs about spiritual growth in the midst of sinful culture
|
||||
- **establish** foundational beliefs about spiritual growth in the midst of a sinful culture
|
||||
- **compose** a translation of Esther 1.1–10.3 that is clear, accurate, natural, and church approved
|
||||
- **mature** in Christian life of faith through the practice of contemplation and mediation on God's word
|
||||
- **mature** in the Christian life of faith through the practice of contemplation and mediation on God's word
|
||||
- **develop** basic ministry skills with believers and unbelievers as you check your translation
|
||||
|
||||
### Narrative Summary
|
||||
At one time King Ahasuerus, king of Persia, sought to show off his power, wealth, and honor by having a feast in Susa. When his wife, Queen Vashti, refused to be paraded before his quests, the king removed her as queen. Some time later, beautiful virgins were brought into the king’s harem. After beautifying themselves for six months, they would each get one night with the king, who was in search of a new queen.
|
||||
At one time, King Ahasuerus, king of Persia, sought to show off his power, wealth, and honor by having a feast in Susa. When his wife, Queen Vashti, refused to be paraded before his quests, the king removed her as queen. Sometime later, beautiful virgins were brought into the king’s harem. After beautifying themselves for six months, they would each get one night with the king, who was searching for a new queen.
|
||||
|
||||
Esther, a Jewish orphan who was raised by her cousin Mordecai, was taken into this harem, and eventually became not only the favorite in the harem but also the most loved by the king. Though she hid her Jewish identity, she became queen of Persia.
|
||||
Esther, a Jewish orphan raised by her cousin Mordecai, was taken into this harem and eventually became the favorite in the harem and the most loved by the king. Though she hid her Jewish identity, she became queen of Persia.
|
||||
|
||||
Following his promotion of Haman to top official, the king commanded that all others bow to honor Haman. Mordecai, however, did not bow down to Haman in honor like the rest of the royal officials. Filled with anger, Haman plotted to take revenge on Mordecai, a Jew, by killing all of the Jewish people in the empire. When Esther heard of this plot from Mordecai, she agreed to take steps to rescue the Jewish people.
|
||||
Following his promotion of Haman to a top official, the king commanded that all others bow to honor Haman. Mordecai, however, did not bow down to Haman in honor like the rest of the royal officials. Filled with anger, Haman plotted to take revenge on Mordecai, a Jew, by killing all of the Jewish people in the empire. When Esther heard of this plot from Mordecai, she agreed to take steps to rescue the Jewish people.
|
||||
|
||||
Esther prepared a banquet to which she invited Haman and the king. At the first banquet she did not reveal her request, but instead, invited them back for a second banquet feast the next day. During that feast, she revealed not only her request for the Jewish people. but also her own Jewish identity.
|
||||
Esther prepared a banquet to which she invited Haman and the king. She did not reveal her request at the first banquet but instead invited them back for a second banquet feast the next day. During that feast, she revealed her request for the Jewish people and her Jewish identity.
|
||||
|
||||
In a twist of fate, the king put Haman to death on the same gallows Haman had built to hang Mordecai. Esther wrote a decree in the name of the king that allowed the Jews to defend themselves. In the end, the Jews were delivered. Now, as a queen with full authority, Esther inaugurated a holiday to be celebrated by the Jews in all generations—the Feast of Purim. This feast would be celebrated to remember the way God had rescued his people from disaster and brought justice into a godless culture.
|
||||
|
||||
### General Book Introduction
|
||||
The Book of Esther tells how a young Jewish woman named Esther became the queen of Persia. As queen, she worked to save all the Jews in the Persian Empire from being destroyed. This book ends by telling why the Jews celebrate the festival of Purim. The name “Purim” comes from the word "pur," which means "lots" or "dice." Haman, the enemy of Jews, threw dice to choose when to attack and destroy the Jews. The Jews celebrate Purim to remember how Yahweh rescued his people from being destroyed.
|
||||
The Book of Esther tells how a young Jewish woman named Esther became the queen of Persia. As queen, she worked to save all the Jews in the Persian Empire from being destroyed. This book ends by telling why the Jews celebrate the festival of Purim. The name “Purim” comes from the word "pur," which means "lots" or "dice." Haman, the enemy of the Jews, threw dice to choose when to attack and destroy the Jews. The Jews celebrate Purim to remember how Yahweh rescued his people from being destroyed.
|
||||
|
||||
### Passage Outline
|
||||
1. King Ahasuerus sends away his wife, the queen (1:1–22)
|
||||
|
|
@ -47,238 +47,238 @@ The Book of Esther tells how a young Jewish woman named Esther became the queen
|
|||
### Important Themes
|
||||
|
||||
**Spiritual Growth**
|
||||
This narrative shows the importance of spiritual growth. God providentially allowed Esther to become queen, and for King Ahasuerus to love her as he did. This put Esther in a unique position to save her people, who were facing annihilation because of Haman. At each phase of Esther's spiritual journey, she was required to trust God more, and God showed his love, protection, and grace each time. With each test of Esther's faith, she experienced spiritual growth, and her faith in God grew stronger as a result. This gave Esther the strength she needed to approach the king without being summoned, at the risk of her own life, when the time came for her to act on behalf of the Jews. Often spiritual growth occurs not when things are easy, but when they are hard. God wants us to depend on him, and trust him, so that we will grow.
|
||||
This narrative shows the importance of spiritual growth. God providentially allowed Esther to become queen and for King Ahasuerus to love her as he did. This put Esther in a unique position to save her people facing annihilation because of Haman. At each phase of Esther's spiritual journey, she was required to trust God more, and God showed his love, protection, and grace each time. With each test of Esther's faith, she experienced spiritual growth, and her faith in God grew stronger as a result. This gave Esther the strength she needed to approach the king without being summoned, at the risk of her own life, when the time came for her to act on behalf of the Jews. Often spiritual growth occurs not when things are easy but when they are hard. God wants us to depend on him and trust him so that we will grow.
|
||||
|
||||
**Chance and God's Providence**
|
||||
This narrative shows that nothing happens by chance. God is involved in the everyday circumstances at life, working things out for his glory. God ensured that both Esther and Mordecai would receive honor and favor from the king. Both acted in faith when the time was right, but the situations themselves, and the power to act in faith, were from the Lord. While Haman relied on the pur to guide him, Mordecai and Esther were led by the Lord. He eventually gave them victory over the evil Haman, and used them to rescue the Jews from annihilation.
|
||||
This narrative shows that nothing happens by chance. God is involved in the everyday circumstances of life, working things out for his glory. God ensured that both Esther and Mordecai would receive honor and favor from the king. Both acted in faith when the time was right, but the situations and the power to act in faith were from the Lord. While Haman relied on the pur to guide him, Mordecai and Esther were led by the Lord. He eventually gave them victory over the evil Haman and used them to rescue the Jews from annihilation.
|
||||
|
||||
**The Need for Honor and Glory from People**
|
||||
This narrative shows that valuing glory and honor from men, above all other things, can negatively impact spiritual growth. Because of how much Haman valued praise from other people, he was willing to do anything, including great evil, to receive and protect it. When Mordecai refused to give him the honor he believed he was owed, he was filled with uncontrollable rage. This led him to plan the extermination of the entire Jewish race (Mordecai's people group). When people instead value God above all other things, the need for personal praise begins to diminish in our lives.
|
||||
This narrative shows that valuing glory and honor from men, above all other things, can negatively impact spiritual growth. Because Haman greatly valued praise from other people, he was willing to do anything, including great evil, to receive and protect it. When Mordecai refused to give him the honor he believed he was owed, he was filled with uncontrollable rage. This led him to plan the extermination of the entire Jewish race (Mordecai's people group). When people instead value God above all other things, the need for personal praise begins to diminish in our lives.
|
||||
|
||||
### Passage Translation
|
||||
1:1 In the days of Ahasuerus (this is Ahasuerus who reigned from India as far as Cush, over 127 provinces)[^1], 2 in those days King Ahasuerus sat on his royal throne in the fortress of Susa. 3 In the third year of his reign, he gave a feast to all his officials and his servants.[^2] The army of Persia and Media, the noblemen, and governors of the provinces were in his presence. 4 He displayed the wealth of the splendor of his kingdom and the honor of the glory of his greatness[^3] for many days, for 180 days. 5 When these days were completed, the king gave a feast lasting seven days.[^4] It was for all the people in the fortress of Susa, from the greatest to the least significant. It was held in the courtyard of the garden of the king's palace. 6 The courtyard of the garden was decorated with curtains of white cotton and violet, with cords of fine linen and purple,[^5] hung on silver rings from pillars of marble. There were couches of gold and silver on a mosaic pavement of porphyry, marble, mother-of-pearl, and colored paving stones.[^6] 7 Drinks were served in golden cups. Each cup was unique and there was much royal wine that came because of the king's generosity.[^7] 8 The drinking was carried out in keeping with the decree, "There must be no compulsion,"[^8] for in this way the king had given orders to all the officials of his palace to do according to the desire of each man.[^9]
|
||||
|
||||
[^1]: **1:1** **who reigned from India as far as Cush, over 127 provinces** (**L**: *the one who ruled from India even as far as Ethiopia* | **S**: *Ahasuerus ruled {the land of Persia}*) King Ahasuerus ruled a vast territory extending from India to Ethiopia. The statement **reigned from India as far as Cush** means ruled over a kingdom whose land extended from India to Ethiopia. God allows Gentile kings to have vast power during periods of time. They have no power accept what God allows. God is the only one truly on the throne. Translate **who reigned from India as far as Cush, over 127 provinces** to mean the one whose kingdom extended from India to Ethiopia.
|
||||
[^1]: **1:1** **who reigned from India as far as Cush, over 127 provinces** (**L**: *the one who ruled from India even as far as Ethiopia* | **S**: *Ahasuerus ruled {the land of Persia}*). King Ahasuerus ruled a vast territory extending from India to Ethiopia. The statement **reigned from India as far as Cush** means ruled over a kingdom whose land extended from India to Ethiopia. God allows Gentile kings to have vast power during periods of time. They have no power to accept what God allows. God is the only one truly on the throne. Translate **who reigned from India as far as Cush, over 127 provinces** to mean the one whose kingdom extended from India to Ethiopia.
|
||||
|
||||
[^2]: **1:3** **he gave a feast to all his officials and his servants** (**L**: *he made a feast for all his officials and his administrators* | **S**: *he hosted a feast for all of his officials and for every important person who worked for him*) King Ahasuerus threw a big feast in his honor. He invited all the important people who worked for him. The phrase **gave a feast** means hosted a feast. The phrase **to all his officials and his servants** means for his officials and servants. The king hosted a big feast to honor himself and his achievements in the presence of his workers. The only king who deserves glory and honor from people is God. God should be given the credit when we achieve great things in life. Translate **he gave a feast to all his officials and his servants** to mean he hosted a feast and invited all his officials and servants.
|
||||
[^2]: **1:3** **he gave a feast to all his officials and his servants** (**L**: *he made a feast for all his officials and his administrators* | **S**: *he hosted a feast for all of his officials and for every important person who worked for him*). King Ahasuerus threw a big feast in his honor. He invited all the important people who worked for him. The phrase **gave a feast** means hosted a feast. The phrase **to all his officials and his servants** means for his officials and servants. The king hosted a big feast to honor himself and his achievements in the presence of his workers. The only king who deserves glory and honor from people is God. God should be given the credit when we achieve great things in life. Translate **he gave a feast to all his officials and his servants** to mean he hosted a feast and invited all his officials and servants.
|
||||
|
||||
[^3]: **1:4** **He displayed the wealth of the splendor of his kingdom and the honor of the glory of his greatness** (**L**: *he displayed the wealth of the glory of his kingdom and the splendor of the beauty of his greatness* | **S**: *he wanted to demonstrate that his empire was extremely wealthy and that he was a very rich and powerful king*) The purpose of the king's banquet was to show how rich and powerful and great he was as king. The phrase **the wealth of the splendor of his kingdom** means the great wealth of his kingdom. The phrase **the honor of the glory of his greatness** means the beauty of this greatness. Such achievements come from God, therefore he alone deserves the praise. To accept the glory that God deserves is great sin. Translate **He displayed the wealth of the splendor of his kingdom and the honor of the glory of his greatness** to mean he showed that his kingdom was extremely rich and that he was an extremely magnificent and powerful king.
|
||||
[^3]: **1:4** **He displayed the wealth of the splendor of his kingdom and the honor of the glory of his greatness** (**L**: *he displayed the wealth of the glory of his kingdom and the splendor of the beauty of his greatness* | **S**: *he wanted to demonstrate that his empire was extremely wealthy and that he was a very rich and powerful king*) The purpose of the king's banquet was to show how rich and powerful and great he was as king. The phrase **the wealth of the splendor of his kingdom** means the great wealth of his kingdom. The phrase **the honor of the glory of his greatness** means the beauty of this greatness. Such achievements come from God. Therefore, he alone deserves the praise. To accept the glory that God deserves is a great sin. Translate **He displayed the wealth of the splendor of his kingdom and the honor of the glory of his greatness** to mean he showed that his kingdom was extremely rich and that he was an extremely magnificent and powerful king.
|
||||
|
||||
[^4]: **1:5** **When these days were completed, the king gave a feast lasting seven days** (**L**: *when those days were fulfilled, the king made a feast...for seven days* | **S**: *At the end of those six months, {after that feast was over} the king hosted a {second} feast*) The king hosted a second feast after the first feast concluded. The phrase **when these days were completed** implies that these events happened after the first feast was finished. The king continued to honor himself for seven days more. Translate **When these days were completed, the king gave a feast lasting seven days** to mean at the end of those six months, the king hosted a second feast which lasted seven days.
|
||||
[^4]: **1:5** **When these days were completed, the king gave a feast lasting seven days** (**L**: *when those days were fulfilled, the king made a feast...for seven days* | **S**: *At the end of those six months, {after that feast was over} the king hosted a {second} feast*) The king hosted a second feast after the first feast concluded. The phrase **when these days were completed** implies that these events happened after the first feast was finished. The king continued to honor himself for seven days more. Translate **When these days were completed, the king gave a feast lasting seven days**, to mean at the end of those six months, the king hosted a second feast which lasted seven days.
|
||||
|
||||
[^5]: **1:6** **The courtyard of the garden was decorated with curtains of white cotton and violet, with cords of fine linen and purple** (**L**: *Linens cotton and blue were hanging by cords of byssus and purple* | **S**: *{In the courtyard,} white and blue curtains were hanging from white and purple cords*) The garden courtyard was decorated with beautiful white and violet cotton curtains. The word **linens** refers to curtains that were hung in the courtyard. The word cotton refers to the white color of some of them. Translate **The courtyard of the garden was decorated with curtains of white cotton and violet, with cords of fine linen and purple** to mean In the courtyard, there were white and violet curtains hanging from white and purple cords.
|
||||
[^5]: **1:6** **The courtyard of the garden was decorated with curtains of white cotton and violet, with cords of fine linen and purple** (**L**: *Linens cotton and blue were hanging by cords of byssus and purple* | **S**: *{In the courtyard,} white and blue curtains were hanging from white and purple cords*) The garden courtyard was decorated with beautiful white and violet cotton curtains. The word **linens** refers to curtains that were hung in the courtyard. The word cotton refers to the white color of some of them. Translate **The courtyard of the garden was decorated with curtains of white cotton and violet, with cords of fine linen and purple** to mean in the courtyard, there were white and violet curtains hanging from white and purple cords.
|
||||
|
||||
[^6]: **1:6** **couches of gold and silver on a mosaic pavement of porphyry, marble, mother-of-pearl, and colored paving stones** (**L**: *Couches of gold and silver were on the pavement of porphyry and alabaster and pearl and precious stone* | **S**: *The guests reclined on couches made of gold and silver. These were set on a mosaic floor that was made of red marble, white marble, and pearl bordered with black marble*) The curtains were hanging from silver rings on marble pillars. The garden courtyard was ornate and full of expensive, skillfully crafted, beautiful couches and flooring. The phrase **mosaic pavement of** refers to a mosaic floor made of inlaid pieces of colorful precious stones. The word **porphyry** refers to a kind of red and purple stone that contains pieces of crystal. It could be called something descriptive like "red marble." Although the world holds such things as extremely valuable, God values a person's faith and what's in their heart. Translate **couches of gold and silver on a mosaic pavement of porphyry, marble, mother-of-pearl, and colored paving stones** to mean couches made of gold and silver set on a mosaic floor that was made of red marble, white marble, and pearl bordered with black marble.
|
||||
[^6]: **1:6** **couches of gold and silver on a mosaic pavement of porphyry, marble, mother-of-pearl, and colored paving stones** (**L**: *Couches of gold and silver were on the pavement of porphyry and alabaster and pearl and precious stone* | **S**: *The guests reclined on couches made of gold and silver. These were set on a mosaic floor that was made of red marble, white marble, and pearl-bordered with black marble*) The curtains were hanging from silver rings on marble pillars. The garden courtyard was ornate and full of expensive, skillfully crafted, beautiful couches and flooring. The phrase **mosaic pavement of** refers to a mosaic floor made of inlaid pieces of colorful precious stones. The word **porphyry** refers to a kind of red and purple stone containing crystal pieces. It could be called something descriptive like "red marble." Although the world holds such things as extremely valuable, God values a person's faith and what's in their heart. Translate **couches of gold and silver on a mosaic pavement of porphyry, marble, mother-of-pearl, and colored paving stones** to mean couches made of gold and silver set on a mosaic floor that was made of red marble, white marble, and pearl bordered with black marble.
|
||||
|
||||
[^7]: **1:7** **there was much royal wine that came because of the king's generosity** (**L**: *the wine of royalty was abundant according to the hand of the king* | **S**: *The king had the attendants serve great amounts of his own royal wine to the guest.*) The king lavished his associates with large amounts of royal wine. The phrase **royal wine** likely means expensive wine that only the king could afford. Because he was wealthy, and had this royal wine in abundance, he gave generous amounts to his guests which also showed how rich he was. But true wealth is found in obedience to the Lord. And true pleasure is found in doing the will of God. Translate **there was much royal wine that came because of the king's generosity** to mean the king had his servants provide generous amounts of his own royal wine to his guests.
|
||||
[^7]: **1:7** **there was much royal wine that came because of the king's generosity** (**L**: *the wine of royalty was abundant according to the hand of the king* | **S**: *The king had the attendants serve great amounts of his own royal wine to the guest.*) The king lavished his associates with large amounts of royal wine. The phrase **royal wine** likely means expensive wine that only the king could afford. Because he was wealthy and had this royal wine in abundance, he gave his guests generous amounts, which also showed how rich he was. But true wealth is found in obedience to the Lord. And true pleasure is found in doing the will of God. Translate **there was much royal wine that came because of the king's generosity** to mean the king had his servants provide generous amounts of his own royal wine to his guests.
|
||||
|
||||
[^8]: **1:8** **The drinking was carried out in keeping with the decree, "There must be no compulsion,"** (**L**: *And the drinking was according to the law "There is no compulsion"* | **S**: *He made the attendants who served the wine follow this rule: "No one has to drink if they do not want to"*) The king decreed that everyone could drink as little or as much as they pleased. The statement **there is no compulsion** means drink in the way that you please. The king gave special freedom to his guests which kings typically didn't give at such functions. Love of riches and great wealth can lead to overindulgence and sinful displays of pride. Translate **The drinking was carried out in keeping with the decree, "There must be no compulsion,"** to mean the king decreed that everyone could drink as little or much as they pleased, and his attendants and guests followed the his command.
|
||||
[^8]: **1:8** **The drinking was carried out in keeping with the decree, "There must be no compulsion,"** (**L**: *And the drinking was according to the law "There is no compulsion"* | **S**: *He made the attendants who served the wine follow this rule: "No one has to drink if they do not want to"*) The king decreed that everyone could drink as little or as much as they pleased. The statement **there is no compulsion** means to drink in the way that you please. The king gave special freedom to his guests, which kings typically didn't give at such functions. Love of riches and great wealth can lead to overindulgence and sinful displays of pride. Translate **The drinking was carried out in keeping with the decree, "There must be no compulsion,"** to mean the king decreed that everyone could drink as little or much as they pleased, and his attendants and guests followed his command.
|
||||
|
||||
[^9]: **1:8** **to do according to the desire of each man** (**L**: *to do according to the desire of man by man* | **S**: *All the guests could drink as little or as much as they wanted*) The guests were given the freedom to drink in whatever way they found pleasurable. See note on 1:8 above. Translate **to do according to the desire of each man** to mean each man was aloud to do as he desired.
|
||||
[^9]: **1:8** **to do according to the desire of each man** (**L**: *to do according to the desire of man by man* | **S**: *All the guests could drink as little or as much as they wanted*). The guests were given the freedom to drink in whatever way they found pleasurable. See note on 1:8 above. Translate **to do according to the desire of each man** to mean each man was allowed to do as he desired.
|
||||
|
||||
9 Also, Queen Vashti gave a feast for the women in the royal palace of King Ahasuerus. 10 On the seventh day, when the king's heart was feeling happy because of the wine,[^10] he told Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha, Abagtha, Zethar, and Karkas (the seven officials who served before him), 11 to bring Queen Vashti before him with her royal crown. He wanted to show the people and the officials her beauty, for her features were stunning.[^11] 12 But Queen Vashti refused to come at the word of the king that had been brought to her by the officials.[^12] Then the king became very angry; his rage burned within him.[^13]
|
||||
|
||||
[^10]: **1:10** **when the king's heart was feeling happy because of the wine** (**L**: *when the heart of the king was pleased by the wine* | **S**: *when King Ahasuerus was feeling good from drinking wine*) On the seventh day of the king's feast, he became drunk from wine. The phrase **the king's heart was feeling happy** means the king was drunk and feeling happy because of the effects of the wine. Excessive drinking is another type of overindulgence, just like the prideful accumulation of material possessions. This type of lifestyle often leads to emptiness, despair, and the endless need to amass even more possessions. Translate **when the king's heart was feeling happy because of the wine** to mean when the king was drunk and happy from the wine.
|
||||
|
||||
[^11]: **1:11** **He wanted to show the people and the officials her beauty, for her features were stunning** (**L**: *in order to show the people and the officials her beauty, for she was pleasing of appearance* | **S**: *Ahasuerus wanted the people and officials who served in the royal court to see how beautiful she was*) The king ordered his officials to bring the queen to him so that everyone could see and admire her stunning beauty. The phrase **for her features were stunning** means she was very beautiful to look at. Queen Vashti was just another beautiful possession to the king, no different than his beautiful curtains and floors. When people start to idolize material possessions, they often began to see everything and everyone through that lens. Translate **He wanted to show the people and the officials her beauty, for her features were stunning** to mean he wanted to show the people and officials that Queen Vashti was physically very beautiful.
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[^11]: **1:11** **He wanted to show the people and the officials her beauty, for her features were stunning** (**L**: *in order to show the people and the officials her beauty, for she was pleasing of appearance* | **S**: *Ahasuerus wanted the people and officials who served in the royal court to see how beautiful she was*) The king ordered his officials to bring the queen to him so that everyone could see and admire her stunning beauty. The phrase **for her features were stunning** means she was very beautiful to look at. Queen Vashti was just another beautiful possession to the king, no different than his beautiful curtains and floors. When people start to idolize material possessions, they often begin to see everything and everyone through that lens. Translate **He wanted to show the people and the officials her beauty, for her features were stunning** to mean he wanted to show the people and officials that Queen Vashti was physically very beautiful.
|
||||
|
||||
[^12]: **1:12** **But Queen Vashti refused to come at the word of the king that had been brought to her by the officials** (**L**: *But the queen Vashti refused to come at the word of the king that was by the hand of the eunuchs* | **S**: *But when the guardians came and told Queen Vashti what the king had commanded, she refused to come*) Queen Vashti disobeyed the kings command and refused to come out. The phrase **the word of the king** means the command the king had given. The king's officials delivered this command to Queen Vashti. Queen Vashti likely refused because she did not want to be present as an object of beauty in front of a crowd of drunken men. Woman are created in the image of God, just like men. They are not mere objects or possessions to be showed off. Translate **But Queen Vashti refused to come at the word of the king that had been brought to her by the officials** to mean Queen Vashti refused to obey the king's command which had been delivered by his officials.
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[^12]: **1:12** **But Queen Vashti refused to come at the word of the king that had been brought to her by the officials** (**L**: *But the queen Vashti refused to come at the word of the king that was by the hand of the eunuchs* | **S**: *But when the guardians came and told Queen Vashti what the king had commanded, she refused to come*) Queen Vashti disobeyed the king's command and refused to come out. The phrase **the word of the king** means the command the king had given. The king's officials delivered this command to Queen Vashti. Queen Vashti likely refused because she did not want to be present as an object of beauty in front of a crowd of drunken men. Women are created in the image of God, just like men. They are not mere objects or possessions to be shown off. Translate **But Queen Vashti refused to come at the word of the king that had been brought to her by the officials** to mean Queen Vashti refused to obey the king's command, which his officials had delivered.
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[^13]: **1:12** **his rage burned within him** (**L**: *his rage burned within him.* | **S**: *the king became very enraged*) The king became furious because Queen Vashti directly disobeyed his order. The phrase **burned within him** pictures the king’s anger as a fire that burned inside of him. The king grew exceedingly angry because of Vashti's defiance. When people view themselves as the highest authority, they can become enraged when people disobey their commands. Translate **his rage burned within him** to mean his anger continued to increase.
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[^13]: **1:12** **his rage burned within him** (**L**: *his rage burned within him.* | **S**: *the king became very enraged*). The king became furious because Queen Vashti directly disobeyed his order. The phrase **burned within him** pictures the king’s anger as a fire that burned inside of him. The king grew exceedingly angry because of Vashti's defiance. When people view themselves as the highest authority, they can become enraged when people disobey their commands. Translate **his rage burned within him** to mean his anger continued to increase.
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|
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13 So the king conferred with the men who were known to be wise, who understood the times[^14] (for this was the king's procedure toward all who were expert in law and judgment). 14 Now the ones close to him were Karshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memukan, seven princes of Persia and Media. They had access to the king,[^15] and they held the highest offices within the kingdom. 15 "In compliance with the law, what is to be done to Queen Vashti because she did not obey the command of King Ahasuerus,[^16] which was brought to her by the officials?" 16 Memukan said in the presence of the king and the officials, "Not only against the king has Vashti the queen done wrong, but also against all the officials and all the people who are in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus. 17 For the matter of the queen will become known to all women.[^17] It will cause them to treat their husbands with contempt.[^18] They will say, 'King Ahasuerus commanded Vashti the queen to be brought before him, but she refused.' 18 Before the end of this very day the noble women of Persia and Media who have heard of the matter of the queen[^19] will say the same thing to all the king's officials. There will be much contempt[^20] and anger. 19 If it pleases the king, let a royal decree be sent out from him,[^21] and let it be written in the laws of the Persians and the Medes, which cannot be repealed, that Vashti may no longer come before him.[^22] Let the king give her position as queen to another who is better than she.[^23] 20 When the king's decree is proclaimed throughout all his vast kingdom, all the wives will honor their husbands, from the greatest to the least significant."[^24] 21 The king and his noblemen were pleased with this advice, and the king did as Memukan proposed. 22 He sent out letters to all the royal provinces, to each province in its own writing, and to each people in their own language. He ordered that every man be master in his own household[^25] and speak according to the language of his people. that every man should be master of his own household.
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[^14]: **1:13** **the men who were known to be wise, who understood the times** (**L**: *the wise men, who were knowers of the times* | **S**: *certain advisors who knew the law and could make good decisions*) The king consulted his most wise advisors so that he could make the right decision and abide by the law. The phrase **men who were known to be wise** means the king's royal advisors. The phrase **who understood the times** means who knew the right way to do things. Although the king was very angry, he still wanted to handle things wisely and according to Persian law. Translate **the men who were known to be wise, who understood the times** to mean the king's wise advisors who understood how to handle things the right way.
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[^14]: **1:13** **the men who were known to be wise, who understood the times** (**L**: *the wise men, who were knowers of the times* | **S**: *certain advisors who knew the law and could make good decisions*). The king consulted his wisest advisors so that he could make the right decision and abide by the law. The phrase **men who were known to be wise** means the king's royal advisors. The phrase **who understood the times** means who knew the right way to do things. Although the king was very angry, he still wanted to handle things wisely and according to Persian law. Translate **the men who were known to be wise, who understood the times** to mean the king's wise advisors who understood how to handle things the right way.
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[^15]: **1:14** **They had access to the king** (**L**: *who were seers of the face of the king* | **S**: *They advised the king personally*) The king regularly consulted with these men. The phrase **had access to the king** means to be allowed in the presence of a person. The phrase means that King Ahasuerus would regularly and personally consult with these seven advisors, just as he did in this situation. Translate **They had access to the king** to mean they regularly gave advice to the king.
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[^15]: **1:14** **They had access to the king** (**L**: *who were seers of the face of the king* | **S**: *They advised the king personally*). The king regularly consulted with these men. The phrase **had access to the king** means to be allowed in the presence of a person. The phrase means that King Ahasuerus would regularly and personally consult with these seven advisors, just as he did in this situation. Translate **They had access to the king**, to mean they regularly gave advice to the king.
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[^16]: **1:15** **In compliance with the law, what is to be done to Queen Vashti because she did not obey the command of King Ahasuerus** (**L**: *According to law, what is to be done with the queen Vashti on account of this, that she did not perform the command of the king Ahasuerus* | **S**: *I sent those guardians to Queen Vashti with a command, but she did not obey me*) The king asked his advisors what should be done to Queen Vashti, because she broke the law when she disobeyed the king. The phrase **in compliance with the law** means according to the law. The king asked what her punishment should be according to the law. Translate **In compliance with the law, what is to be done to Queen Vashti because she did not obey the command of King Ahasuerus** to mean based on what it says in the law, what should we do to Queen Vashti, since she disobeyed my command.
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[^16]: **1:15** **In compliance with the law, what is to be done to Queen Vashti because she did not obey the command of King Ahasuerus** (**L**: *According to law, what is to be done with the queen Vashti on account of this, that she did not perform the command of the king Ahasuerus* | **S**: *I sent those guardians to Queen Vashti with a command, but she did not obey me*). The king asked his advisors what should be done to Queen Vashti because she broke the law when she disobeyed the king. The phrase **in compliance with the law** means according to the law. The king asked what her punishment should be according to the law. Translate **In compliance with the law, what is to be done to Queen Vashti because she did not obey the command of King Ahasuerus** to mean based on what it says in the law, what should we do to Queen Vashti since she disobeyed my command?
|
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|
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[^17]: **1:17** **For the matter of the queen will become known to all women** (**L**: *For the matter of the queen will go out to all the women* | **S**: *Women all over the empire will hear about what the queen did*) Memukan said that the actions of Queen Vashti would become known to all the women in the provinces of King Ahasuerus. The phrase **for the matter of the queen** refers to the actions of Queen Vashti, when she disobeyed the king. Translate **For the matter of the queen will become known to all women** to mean the queen's actions will become known to all the women of the provinces.
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[^17]: **1:17** **For the matter of the queen will become known to all women** (**L**: *For the matter of the queen will go out to all the women* | **S**: *Women all over the empire will hear about what the queen did*) Memukan said that the actions of Queen Vashti would become known to all the women in the provinces of King Ahasuerus. The phrase **for the matter of the queen** refers to the actions of Queen Vashti when she disobeyed the king. Translate **For the matter of the queen will become known to all women**, to mean the queen's actions will become known to all the women of the provinces.
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[^18]: **1:17** **It will cause them to treat their husbands with contempt** (**L**: *in order to make their husbands despised in their eyes* | **S**: *Then women will stop respecting their husbands*) Memukan said that, because of the Queen's example, the women of the provinces would stop respecting and obeying their husbands. The phrase **treat their husbands with contempt** means be disrespectful and disobedient to their husbands. It is unlikely this would have actually occurred. Sometimes men in power oppress women using various threats and fear to control them. Translate **It will cause them to treat their husbands with contempt** to mean it will lead them to disrespect and disobey their husbands.
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[^18]: **1:17** **It will cause them to treat their husbands with contempt** (**L**: *in order to make their husbands despised in their eyes* | **S**: *Then women will stop respecting their husbands*). Memukan said that because of the Queen's example, the women of the provinces would stop respecting and obeying their husbands. The phrase **treat their husbands with contempt** means to be disrespectful and disobedient to their husbands. It is unlikely this would have actually occurred. Sometimes men in power oppress women using various threats and fear to control them. Translate: It will cause them to treat their husbands with contempt, leading them to disrespect and disobey their husbands.
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[^19]: **1:18** **the matter of the queen.** See note on 1:17.
|
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|
||||
[^20]: **1:18** **There will be much contempt.** See note on 1:17.
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[^21]: **1:19** **If it pleases the king, let a royal decree be sent out from him** (**L**: *If it is good to the king, let a decree of royalty go out from before his face* | **S**: *If it pleases you {to do so}, O king, you should personally issue a royal decree*) Memukan suggested that if it made the king happy, a new royal decree should be sent out on his behalf addressing this issue. The phrase **if it pleases the king** means if it seems right to the king. The phrase **sent out from him** means sent out on his behalf. Sometimes ungodly leaders create sinful laws. Followers of God are not obligated to obey. If a husband commands his wife to sin, she is not obligated to obey. Her duty to God is more important than to her husband. Translate **If it pleases the king, let a royal decree be sent out from him** to mean if it makes the king happy, let a royal decree be sent out on his behalf.
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[^21]: **1:19** **If it pleases the king, let a royal decree be sent out from him** (**L**: *If it is good to the king, let a decree of royalty go out from before his face* | **S**: *If it pleases you {to do so}, O king, you should personally issue a royal decree*). Memukan suggested that if it made the king happy, a new royal decree should be sent out on his behalf addressing this issue. The phrase **if it pleases the king** means if it seems right to the king. The phrase **sent out from him** means sent out on his behalf. Sometimes ungodly leaders create sinful laws. Followers of God are not obligated to obey. If a husband commands his wife to sin, she is not obligated to obey. Her duty to God is more important than to her husband. Translate **If it pleases the king, let a royal decree be sent out from him** to mean if it makes the king happy, let a royal decree be sent out on his behalf.
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[^22]: **1:19** **that Vashti may no longer come before him** (**L**: *that Vashti shall never come before the face of the king Ahasuerus.* | **S**: *This decree should say} that Vashti can never come into your presence again*) The new law would state that Queen Vashti was no longer aloud to come into the presence of the king again. The phrase **no longer come before him** means never again come into the king's presence. Queen Vashti was banished from the king's presence because of her actions. Taking a stand for what is right can come at a cost. Translate **that Vashti may no longer come before him** to mean Queen Vashti can no longer come into the presence of the king.
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[^22]: **1:19** **that Vashti may no longer come before him** (**L**: *that Vashti shall never come before the face of the king Ahasuerus.* | **S**: *This decree should say} that Vashti can never come into your presence again*) The new law would state that Queen Vashti was no longer allowed to come into the presence of the king again. The phrase **no longer come before him** means never again come into the king's presence. Queen Vashti was banished from the king's presence because of her actions. Taking a stand for what is right can come at a cost. Translate **that Vashti may no longer come before him** to mean Queen Vashti can no longer come into the presence of the king.
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[^23]: **1:19** **another who is better than she** (**L**: *the woman who is better than she* | **S**: *one who will obey you*) Memukan suggested replacing Queen Vashti with a new queen who would be obedient. The phrase **who is better than she** means who will obey. Translate **another who is better than she** to mean another queen who will obey the king's commands.
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[^24]: **1:20** **all the wives will honor their husbands, from the greatest to the least significant** (**L**: *Then all the women will give honor to their husbands, from the greatest to the least* | **S**: *Then all the women will respect and obey their husbands. This will be true of every husband in the empire*) Memukan claimed that the new decree would cause all the women in the empire to obey and respect their husbands. The phrase **will honor their husbands** means respect and obey their husbands. The phrase **from the greatest to the least** means all women in the kingdom. This is also an exaggeration, and is probably incorrect. Sometimes those in power use half truths to manipulate others. Translate **all the wives will honor their husbands, from the greatest to the least significant** to mean every wife in the kingdom will respect and obey her husband.
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[^24]: **1:20** **all the wives will honor their husbands, from the greatest to the least significant** (**L**: *Then all the women will give honor to their husbands, from the greatest to the least* | **S**: *Then all the women will respect and obey their husbands. This will be true of every husband in the empire*) Memukan claimed that the new decree would cause all the women in the empire to obey and respect their husbands. The phrase **will honor their husbands** means respect and obey their husbands. The phrase **from the greatest to the least** means all women in the kingdom. This is also an exaggeration and is probably incorrect. Sometimes those in power use half-truths to manipulate others. Translate **all the wives will honor their husbands, from the greatest to the least significant** to mean every wife in the kingdom will respect and obey her husband.
|
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[^25]: **1:22** **He ordered that every man should be master of his own household** (**L**: *that every man should be ruling in his house* | **S**: *They also said that a husband should be able to give orders to his wife*) The command stated that wives must obey and respect their husbands. The phrase **should be master of his own household** means that all men should have complete authority over their wives and their children. It is not wrong that husbands have authority over their households. However, this law made it a crime for wives to disobey, even when such disobedience was just. Translate **He ordered that every man should be master of his own household** to mean he commanded that every man have complete authority over his household.
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[^25]: **1:22** **He ordered that every man should be master of his own household** (**L**: *that every man should be ruling in his house* | **S**: *They also said that a husband should be able to give orders to his wife*). The command stated that wives must obey and respect their husbands. The phrase **should be master of his own household** means that all men should have complete authority over their wives and their children. It is not wrong that husbands have authority over their households. However, this law made it a crime for wives to disobey, even when such disobedience was just. Translate **He ordered that every man should be master of his own household** to mean he commanded that every man have complete authority over his household.
|
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2:1 After these things, when the anger of King Ahasuerus subsided, he thought about Vashti and what she had done. He also thought about the decree that he had made against her. 2 Then the king's young men who served him said, "Let a search be made on the king's behalf for beautiful young virgins.[^26] 3 Let the king appoint officers in all the provinces of his kingdom, to gather together all the beautiful young virgins to the harem in the fortress in Susa.[^27] Let them be put under the care of Hegai, the king's official, who is in charge of the women, and let him give them their cosmetics.[^28] 4 Let the young girl who pleases the king become queen in the place of Vashti." This advice pleased the king, and he did so.
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[^26]: **2:2** **Let a search be made on the king's behalf for beautiful young virgins** (**L**: *Let them seek for the king young women who are virgins and pleasing of appearance* | **S**: *“{Your majesty, you should get a new wife} for yourself. You could tell your servants to look for young virgins who are very beautiful*) The king's advisors suggested that the king make a search for a new queen. The criteria was that she be a beautiful virgin. The phrase **on the king's behalf** means for the king. The phrase **beautiful young virgins** means beautiful, unmarried women. The criteria for the queen's replacement was based on beauty and physical traits. But wives should be chosen based on their character and their faith in God. Translate **Let a search be made on the king's behalf for beautiful young virgins** to mean we should search for a new queen for the king among the beautiful, young, unmarried women of the kingdom.
|
||||
[^26]: **2:2** **Let a search be made on the king's behalf for beautiful young virgins** (**L**: *Let them seek for the king young women who are virgins and pleasing of appearance* | **S**: *“{Your majesty, you should get a new wife} for yourself. You could tell your servants to look for young virgins who are very beautiful*). The king's advisors suggested that the king search for a new queen. The criteria was that she be a beautiful virgin. The phrase **on the king's behalf** means for the king. The phrase **beautiful young virgins** means beautiful, unmarried women. The criteria for the queen's replacement was based on beauty and physical traits. But wives should be chosen based on their character and faith in God. Translate **Let a search be made on the king's behalf for beautiful young virgins** to mean we should search for a new queen for the king among the beautiful, young, unmarried women of the kingdom.
|
||||
|
||||
[^]: **2:3** **to the harem in the fortress in Susa** (**L**: *to the house of women* | **S**: *to your capital city of Susa. They could stay in the harem for virgins*) The advisors suggested that the candidate wives be brought to the fortress in Susa. The term **harem** refers to a group of women set aside for the king. These women were located in the fortress in Susa. Translate **to the harem in the fortress in Susa** to mean to the group of women set aside for the king who live in the fortress in Susa.
|
||||
[^]: **2:3** **to the harem in the fortress in Susa** (**L**: *to the house of women* | **S**: *to your capital city of Susa. They could stay in the harem for virgins*). The advisors suggested that the candidate wives be brought to the fortress in Susa. The term **harem** refers to a group of women set aside for the king. These women were located in the fortress in Susa. Translate **to the harem in the fortress in Susa** to mean to the group of women set aside for the king who live in the fortress in Susa.
|
||||
|
||||
[^]: **2:3** **let him give them their cosmetics** (**L**: *Then give their ointments* | **S**: *He could arrange for them to receive beauty treatments*) The advisors suggested that Hegai manage the beauty treatments for the women in the harem. The phrase **give them their cosmetics** refers to a specific substance that women would put on their face or other parts of their body to make themselves more beautiful. Like with his beautiful, expensive curtains and floors, the king highly valued beautiful women. But women are not objects; they are made in the image of God. They have God-given value and worth because of that truth. Translate **let him give them their cosmetics** to mean Hegai can make sure all the women apply the proper beauty products to their skin and body, so that they look beautiful for the king.
|
||||
[^]: **2:3** **let him give them their cosmetics** (**L**: *Then give their ointments* | **S**: *He could arrange for them to receive beauty treatments*). The advisors suggested that Hegai manage the beauty treatments for the women in the harem. The phrase **give them their cosmetics** refers to a specific substance that women would put on their faces or other parts of their bodies to make themselves more beautiful. Like with his beautiful, expensive curtains and floors, the king highly valued beautiful women. But women are not objects; they are made in the image of God. They have God-given value and worth because of that truth. Translate **let him give them their cosmetics** to mean Hegai can make sure all the women apply the proper beauty products to their skin and body to look beautiful for the king.
|
||||
|
||||
5 There was a certain Jew in the fortress of Susa[^29] whose name was Mordecai son of Jair son of Shimei son of Kish, who was a Benjamite. 6 He had been taken away from Jerusalem with the exiles[^30] along with those taken with Jehoiachin, king of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia carried away. 7 He was caring for Hadassah, that is, Esther, his uncle's daughter, because she had neither father nor mother.[^31] The young woman had a beautiful figure and was lovely in appearance.[^32] Mordecai took her as his own daughter.[^33]
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|
||||
[^29]: **2:5** **There was a certain Jew in the fortress of Susa** (**L**: *a man, a Jew, was in Susa the citadel* | **S**: *At that time, there was a Jewish man*) There was a certain Jewish man located in the fortress of Susa. The phrase **there was a** is used to introduce a new character into the story. That new character is Mordecai. You may need to use your language’s way of introducing a new character. In this context, **the fortress of Susa** likely refers to the city rather than the palace; that is, the capital city of Susa. This is the first time the Jews are mentioned in the story. Translate **There was a certain Jew in the fortress of Susa** to mean there was a particular Jew located in the capital city of Susa.
|
||||
[^29]: **2:5** **There was a certain Jew in the fortress of Susa** (**L**: *a man, a Jew, was in Susa the citadel* | **S**: *At that time, there was a Jewish man*). There was a certain Jewish man located in the fortress of Susa. The phrase **there was a** is used to introduce a new character into the story. That new character is Mordecai. You may need to use your language’s way of introducing a new character. In this context, **the fortress of Susa** likely refers to the city rather than the palace, the capital city of Susa. This is the first time the Jews are mentioned in the story. Translate **There was a certain Jew in the fortress of Susa** to mean there was a particular Jew located in the capital city of Susa.
|
||||
|
||||
[^30]: **2:6** **He had been taken away from Jerusalem with the exiles** (**L**: *who had been exiled from Jerusalem with the exiles* | **S**: *King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon had taken Kish away from Jerusalem and brought him to Babylon along with many other captives. Nebuchadnezzar took them away from Jerusalem*) Kish, the great-grandfather of Mordecai, was taken away from Jerusalem along with the exiles. **He** refers to Kish, not Mordecai. This background information explains Mordecai's origins. Translate **He had been taken away from Jerusalem with the exiles** to mean King Nebuchadnezzar took Kish away from Jerusalem along with the other exiles.
|
||||
|
||||
[^31]: **2:7** **He was caring for Hadassah, that is, Esther, his uncle's daughter, because she had neither father nor mother** (**L**: *And he was fostering Hadassah (she is Esther), the daughter of his uncle, because there was not for her a father or a mother* | **S**: *Mordecai was taking care of his cousin, who was an orphan. Her {Hebrew} name was Hadassah, and her {Persian} name was Esther.*) Mordecai was taking care of his cousin Hadassah. Her Persian name was Esther. The phrase **his uncle's daughter** means cousin. The statement **she had neither father nor mother** means her father and mother had died. Translate **He was caring for Hadassah, that is, Esther, his uncle's daughter, because she had neither father nor mother** to mean Mordecai was taking care of his cousin Hadassah, whose Persian name was Esther, because her father and mother had died.
|
||||
[^31]: **2:7** **He was caring for Hadassah, that is, Esther, his uncle's daughter, because she had neither father nor mother** (**L**: *And he was fostering Hadassah (she is Esther), the daughter of his uncle, because there was not for her a father or a mother* | **S**: *Mordecai was taking care of his cousin, who was an orphan. Her {Hebrew} name was Hadassah, and her {Persian} name was Esther.*) Mordecai was taking care of his cousin Hadassah. Her Persian name was Esther. The phrase **his uncle's daughter** means cousin. The statement **she had neither father nor mother** means her father and mother had died. Translate **He was caring for Hadassah, that is, Esther, his uncle's daughter, because she had neither father nor mother** to mean Mordecai was taking care of his cousin Hadassah, whose Persian name was Esther because her father and mother had died.
|
||||
|
||||
[^32]: **2:7** **The young woman had a beautiful figure and was lovely in appearance** (**L**: *Now the young woman was beautiful of form and pleasing of appearance* | **S**: *she was exceptionally attractive*) Esther was a very beautiful woman. The phrase **had a beautiful figure** means Esther was physically beautiful. The phrase **was lovely in appearance** means Esther was pretty to look at. Translate **The young woman had a beautiful figure and was lovely in appearance** to mean Esther was exceptionally attractive.
|
||||
[^32]: **2:7** **The young woman had a beautiful figure and was lovely in appearance** (**L**: *Now the young woman was beautiful of form and pleasing of appearance* | **S**: *she was exceptionally attractive*). Esther was a very beautiful woman. The phrase **had a beautiful figure** means Esther was physically beautiful. The phrase **was lovely in appearance** means Esther was pretty to look at. Translate **The young woman had a beautiful figure and was lovely in appearance** to, mean Esther was exceptionally attractive.
|
||||
|
||||
[^33]: **2:7** **Mordecai took her as his own daughter** (**L**: *Mordecai had taken her for him as a daughter* | **S**: *Mordecai had adopted her as his own daughter*) Mordecai adopted Esther as his own daughter. The phrase **took her as his own daughter** means adopted her as a daughter. Unlike the king and his officials, Mordecai valued Esther as a person. He took care of her because he loved her and valued her life. Woman are more than their physical appearance. They bear the image of God and have worth despite how they might look. Translate **Mordecai took her as his own daughter** to mean Mordecai adopted her as his own daughter.
|
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[^33]: **2:7** **Mordecai took her as his own daughter** (**L**: *Mordecai had taken her for him as a daughter* | **S**: *Mordecai had adopted her as his own daughter*) Mordecai adopted Esther as his own daughter. The phrase **took her as his own daughter** means he adopted her as a daughter. Unlike the king and his officials, Mordecai valued Esther as a person. He took care of her because he loved her and valued her life. Women are more than their physical appearance. They bear the image of God and have worth despite how they might look. Translate **Mordecai took her as his own daughter** to mean Mordecai adopted her as his own daughter.
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8 When the king's order and decree were proclaimed, many young women were brought to the fortress of Susa.[^34] They were put under Hegai's care. Esther also was taken into the king's palace and put under the care of Hegai, the overseer of the women. 9 The young girl pleased him, and she found favor with him.[^35] Immediately he provided her with cosmetics and her portion of food. He assigned to her seven servant girls from the king's palace, and he moved her and the servant girls to the best place in the house of the women. 10 Esther had not told anyone who her people or relatives were,[^36] for Mordecai had instructed her not to tell. 11 Every day Mordecai walked back and forth in front of the courtyard outside the house of the women, to learn about Esther's welfare, and about what would be done with her.[^37]
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[^34]: **2:8** **many young women were brought to the fortress of Susa.** (**L**: ** | **S**: **) In compliance with the king's decree, many women were brought to the harem located in Susa. The phrase **young women were brought** means the king's men brought young women. It is unlikely the women had a choice in this matter. They were likely forced into the king's harem. When people are seen as objects, or possessions, it becomes easier to treat them as less than human. Translate **many young women were brought to the fortress of Susa** to mean the king's men brought many young women to the fortress of Susa where they were forced to join the king's harem.
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[^34]: **2:8** **many young women were brought to the fortress of Susa.** (**L**: ** | **S**: **) In compliance with the king's decree, many women were brought to the harem located in Susa. The phrase **young women were brought** means the king's men brought young women. It is unlikely the women had a choice in this matter. They were likely forced into the king's harem. When people are seen as objects or possessions, it becomes easier to treat them as less than human. Translate **many young women were brought to the fortress of Susa** to mean the king's men brought many young women to the fortress of Susa, where they were forced to join the king's harem.
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[^35]: **2:9** **The young girl pleased him, and she found favor with him** (**L**: *And the young woman was pleasing in his eyes, and she lifted kindness before his face* | **S**: *Hegai was very impressed with Esther, and he treated her favorably*) Hegai was pleased with Esther. He started to treat her more favorably than the other girls. The statement **the young girl pleased him** means that Hegai found Esther attractive. The statement **she found favor with him** means he started to treat her favorably. Translate **The young girl pleased him, and she found favor with him** to mean he found the young girl attractive and started to treat her favorably.
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[^36]: **2:10** **Esther had not told anyone who her people or relatives were** (**L**: *Esther had not declared her people or her ancestry* | **S**: *she did not tell anyone that she was a Jew or who her relatives were*) Esther did not tell anyone that she was a Jew. The phrase who her people or relatives were means that she was a Jew. Esther was afraid that she would be treated poorly if the king's men knew she was a Jew. So she concealed her ancestry from Hegai and his assistants. Translate **Esther had not told anyone who her people or relatives were** to mean Esther had not told anyone that she was a Jew.
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[^36]: **2:10** **Esther had not told anyone who her people or relatives were** (**L**: *Esther had not declared her people or her ancestry* | **S**: *she did not tell anyone that she was a Jew or who her relatives were*). Esther did not tell anyone that she was a Jew. The phrase who her people or relatives were means she was a Jew. Esther feared she would be treated poorly if the king's men knew she was a Jew. So she concealed her ancestry from Hegai and his assistants. Translate **Esther had not told anyone who her people or relatives were** to mean Esther had not told anyone that she was a Jew.
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[^37]: **2:11** **to learn about Esther's welfare, and about what would be done with her** (**L**: *in order to know the peace of Esther and what was being done with her* | **S**: *to know how Esther was doing and what was happening to her*) Mordecai came to the courtyard of the harem everyday to make sure Esther was well. The phrase **to learn Esther's welfare** means to make sure that Esther was well. The phrase **about what would be done with her** is another way of saying to make sure she would be safe. Mordecai loved Esther. He wanted to know that she was safe in the harem. To love someone is to show a deep concern for their well-being. God wants people to love one another. Translate **to learn about Esther's welfare, and about what would be done with her** to mean to know about Esther's well-being.
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[^37]: **2:11** **to learn about Esther's welfare, and about what would be done with her** (**L**: *in order to know the peace of Esther and what was being done with her* | **S**: *to know how Esther was doing and what was happening to her*). Mordecai came to the courtyard of the harem every day to make sure Esther was well. The phrase **to learn Esther's welfare** means to make sure that Esther was well. The phrase **about what would be done with her** is another way to ensure she would be safe. Mordecai loved Esther. He wanted to know that she was safe in the harem. To love someone is to show a deep concern for their well-being. God wants people to love one another. Translate **to learn about Esther's welfare, and about what would be done with her** to mean to know about Esther's well-being.
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12 When the turn came for each girl to go to King Ahasuerus[^38]—complying with the regulations for the women, each girl had to complete twelve months of beauty treatments, six months with oil of myrrh, and six with perfumes and cosmetics—13 when a young woman went to the king,[^39] whatever she desired was given to her from the house of the women, for her to take to the palace. 14 In the evening she would go in, and in the morning she would return to the second house of the women, and to the custody of Shaashgaz, the king's official, who was in charge of the concubines. She would not return to the king again unless he had taken great pleasure in her and called for her again.[^40] 15 Now when the time came for Esther (daughter of Abihail, the uncle of Mordecai, who had taken her as his own daughter)[^41] to go in to the king,[^42] she did not ask for anything but what Hegai the king's official, who was in charge of the women, suggested. Now Esther received the favor of all who saw her.[^43]
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[^38]: **2:12** **When the turn came for each girl to go to King Ahasuerus** (**L**: *For thus the days of their beautification would be fulfilled: six months by oil of myrrh, then six months by perfumes and by the ointments of women* | **S**: *This is how the beauty treatments were completed: For the first six months, {a woman’s attendants would rub her body every day} with olive oil mixed with myrrh. For the next six months, {her attendants would rub her body every day} with perfumes and lotions designed for women*) Eventually the time came when the young women, one by one, would spend the night with the king and have sexual relations with him. After this, they would legally become one of his concubines and be prohibited from marrying anyone else. The phrase **when the turn came** presents background information to the reader. It's a way of expressing how virgins became concubines for the king. The term **girl** here means young women. When women are seen as sexual objects, they are often used in this way. Such behavior is against God's design for sex and marriage. Translate **When the turn came for each girl to go to King Ahasuerus** to mean each young woman in the harem, one at a time, was going to have sexual relations with King Ahasuerus and become one of his concubines.
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[^38]: **2:12** **When the turn came for each girl to go to King Ahasuerus** (**L**: *For thus the days of their beautification would be fulfilled: six months by oil of myrrh, then six months by perfumes and by the ointments of women* | **S**: *This is how the beauty treatments were completed: For the first six months, {a woman’s attendants would rub her body every day} with olive oil mixed with myrrh. For the next six months, {her attendants would rub her body every day} with perfumes and lotions designed for women*) Eventually, the time came when the young women, one by one, would spend the night with the king and have sexual relations with him. After this, they would legally become one of his concubines and be prohibited from marrying anyone else. The phrase **when the turn came** presents background information to the reader. It's a way of expressing how virgins became concubines for the king. The term **girl** here means young woman. When women are seen as sexual objects, they are often used in this way. Such behavior is against God's design for sex and marriage. Translate **When the turn came for each girl to go to King Ahasuerus** to mean each young woman in the harem, one at a time, was going to have sexual relations with King Ahasuerus and become one of his concubines.
|
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[^39]: **2:13** **went to the king.** The young woman **went to the king** to have sexual relations with him. See note on 2:11.
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[^40]: **2:14** **She would not return to the king again unless he had taken great pleasure in her and called for her again** (**L**: ** | **S**: **) The king would only have sexual relations with each young woman once, unless she greatly pleased the king. The phrase **had taken great pleasure in her** means she had pleased the king very much. The king was using these young women, one by one, as objects for his pleasure. They were forced into the harem, and then forced to be a concubine for the remainder of their days. Those who do not fear God can often gratify themselves endlessly with pleasure. They often hurt other human beings while they're satisfying their selfish desires. Translate **She would not return to the king again unless he had taken great pleasure in her and called for her again** to mean a young woman would not return a second time to the king for sexual relations unless the she greatly pleased the king.
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[^40]: **2:14** **She would not return to the king again unless he had taken great pleasure in her and called for her again** (**L**: ** | **S**: **) The king would only have sexual relations with each young woman once, unless she greatly pleased the king. The phrase **had taken great pleasure in her** means she greatly pleased the king. The king was using these young women, one by one, as objects for his pleasure. They were forced into the harem and then forced to be a concubine for the remainder of their days. Those who do not fear God can often gratify themselves endlessly with pleasure. They often hurt other human beings while they satisfy their selfish desires. Translate **She would not return to the king again unless he had taken great pleasure in her and called for her again** to mean a young woman would not return a second time to the king for sexual relations unless she greatly pleased the king.
|
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[^41]: **2:15** **daughter of Abihail, the uncle of Mordecai, who had taken her as his own daughter.** See note on 2:7.
|
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[^42]: **2:15** **to go in to the king.** See note on 2:13.
|
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[^43]: **2:15** **Esther received the favor of all who saw her** (**L**: *And Esther was a lifter of favor in the eyes of everyone who saw her* | **S**: *Everyone who saw Esther was very impressed with her*) Everyone who saw Esther dressed in the clothes she would wear for her visit to the king was very impressed with the way she looked. The phrase **received the favor of all who saw her** means those that saw Esther were pleased with what they saw. Translate **Esther received the favor of all who saw her** to mean everyone who saw Esther was very pleased and impressed with how she looked.
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[^43]: **2:15** **Esther received the favor of all who saw her** (**L**: *And Esther was a lifter of favor in the eyes of everyone who saw her* | **S**: *Everyone who saw Esther was very impressed with her*) Everyone who saw Esther dressed in the clothes she would wear for her visit to the king was very impressed with the way she looked. The phrase **received the favor of all who saw her** means those that saw Esther were pleased with what they saw. Translate **Esther received the favor of all who saw her** to mean everyone who saw Esther was very pleased and impressed with her appearance.
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16 Esther was taken to King Ahasuerus into the royal residence on the tenth month, which is the month of Tebeth, in the seventh year of his reign. 17 The king loved Esther more than all the other women and she received acceptance and favor before him, more than all the other virgins.[^44] So he set the royal crown on her head and made her queen instead of Vashti.[^45] 18 The king gave a great feast for all his officials and his servants, "Esther's feast," and he granted relief from taxation to the provinces.[^46] He also gave gifts with royal generosity.
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[^44]: **2:17** **she received acceptance and favor before him, more than all the other virgins** (**L**: *she lifted favor and kindness before his face more than all the virgins* | **S**: *He treated her more kindly and more favorably than any of the other young women {who had become his concubines}*) The king loved Esther more than all the other young women. The statement **she received acceptances and favor before him, more than all the other virgins** means the same thing as the king loved Esther very much, which was said in the previous statement. This repetition emphasizes how much the king loved Esther. Although it is not directly mentioned, the Lord was obviously showing favor to Esther. He is always at work, even when we don't notice it. Translate **she received acceptance and favor before him, more than all the other virgins** to mean the king loved Esther very much, more than all the other young women in the harem.
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[^44]: **2:17** **she received acceptance and favor before him, more than all the other virgins** (**L**: *she lifted favor and kindness before his face more than all the virgins* | **S**: *He treated her more kindly and more favorably than any of the other young women {who had become his concubines}*). The king loved Esther more than all the other young women. The statement that **she received acceptance and favor before him, more than all the other virgins**, means that the king loved Esther very much, as the previous statement said. This repetition emphasizes how much the king loved Esther. Although it is not directly mentioned, the Lord obviously favored Esther. He is always at work, even when we don't notice it. Translate **she received acceptance and favor before him, more than all the other virgins** to mean the king loved Esther very much, more than all the other young women in the harem.
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[^45]: **2:17** **he set the royal crown on her head and made her queen instead of Vashti** (**L**: *he set a crown of royalty on her head, and he made her queen instead of Vashti.* | **S**: *King Ahasuerus put a royal crown on her head, and he made her the queen instead of Vashti*) The king crowned Esther and made her the new queen. When the king **set the royal crown on her head** he performed a symbolic action. The act signified that Esther was the new queen. This extremely unlikely occurrences shows the hand of God at work. Sometimes he carries out his plans by seemingly normal occurrences. Translate **he set the royal crown on her head and made her queen instead of Vashti** to mean he placed the royal crown on her head to show that she was the new queen, instead of Vashti.
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[^45]: **2:17** **he set the royal crown on her head and made her queen instead of Vashti** (**L**: *he set a crown of royalty on her head, and he made her queen instead of Vashti.* | **S**: *King Ahasuerus put a royal crown on her head, and he made her the queen instead of Vashti*) The king crowned Esther and made her the new queen. When the king **set the royal crown on her head** he performed a symbolic action. The act signified that Esther was the new queen. This extremely unlikely occurrence shows the hand of God at work. Sometimes he carries out his plans through seemingly normal occurrences. Translate **he set the royal crown on her head and made her queen instead of Vashti** to mean he placed the royal crown on her head to show that she was the new queen, instead of Vashti.
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[^46]: **2:18** **The king gave a great feast for all his officials and his servants, "Esther's feast," and he granted relief from taxation to the provinces** (**L**: *the king made a great feast for all his officials and his servants, the feast of Esther. And he made a holiday for the provinces* | **S**: *the king hosted a great feast and invited all of his officials and servants. It was a feast to celebrate Esther {becoming the queen}. He proclaimed that this would be a time to celebrate for people in all of the provinces of his empire {when they would not have to pay taxes}*) Because he had found a new queen, the king hosted a great feast on Esther's behalf, which he called "Esther's feast." He also suspended taxes in celebration of this event. The phrase **granted relief from taxation to the provinces** means temporarily suspended the collection of taxes from the provinces. Translate **The king gave a great feast for all his officials and his servants, "Esther's feast," and he granted relief from taxation to the provinces** to mean the king threw a big feast for all his official and servants called Esther's feast, in celebration of his new queen; he also temporally suspended the collection of taxes.
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19 Now when the virgins had been gathered together a second time,[^47] Mordecai was sitting at the king's gate.[^48] 20 Esther had not yet told anyone about her relatives or her people, as Mordecai had instructed her. She continued to follow Mordecai's advice, as she had done when she was raised by him. 21 In those days, while Mordecai was sitting at the king's gate, two of the king's officials, Bigthana and Teresh, who guarded the doorway, became angry and sought to do harm to King Ahasuerus.[^49] 22 When the matter was revealed to Mordecai, he told Queen Esther, and Esther spoke to the king in the name of Mordecai.[^50] 23 The report was investigated and confirmed, and both the men were hanged from a gallows.[^51] This account was written in the book of the chronicles in the presence of the king.
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[^47]: **2:19** **Now when the virgins had been gathered together a second time** (**L**: *Now when virgins were being gathered a second time* | **S**: *{Later,} Ahasuerus had his officers bring more virgins {to Susa}. During this time,*) After some time had passed, the king gathered the group of virgins a second time. The term **now** references an event that takes place some time after the events of Esther becoming queen. The king either gathered a new group of virgins or the same harem as before. Translate **Now when the virgins had been gathered together a second time** to mean after some time had passed, the king gathered the virgins together a second time.
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[^47]: **2:19** **Now when the virgins had been gathered together a second time** (**L**: *Now when virgins were being gathered a second time* | **S**: *{Later,} Ahasuerus had his officers bring more virgins {to Susa}. During this time,*). After some time had passed, the king gathered the group of virgins a second time. The term **now** references an event that takes place sometime after the events of Esther becoming queen. The king gathered a new group of virgins or the same harem as before. Translate **Now when the virgins had been gathered together a second time** to mean after some time had passed, the king gathered the virgins together a second time.
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[^48]: **2:21** **Mordecai was sitting at the king's gate** (**L**: *Mordecai was then sitting at the gate of the king* | **S**: *During this time, Mordecai {was working for the king, and he} sat at the king’s gate*) Mordecai worked for the king in some capacity and was stationed at the gate. The phrase **sitting at the king's gate** is an idiom that means Mordecai worked for the king. This appears to be a fortuitous event. But God is working behind the scenes to eventually save the Jews. Nothing happens by chance or luck. God does not need to use miracles to ensure the success of his plans. Translate **Mordecai was sitting at the king's gate** to mean Mordecai worked for the king in an official capacity and was stationed at the gate to the king's house.
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[^49]: **2:21** **sought to do harm to King Ahasuerus** (**L**: *sought to do harm to King Ahasuerus* | **S**: *They planned to assassinate King Ahasuerus*) The two mean plotted to kill King Ahasuerus. The phrase **sought to do harm** means planned to kill. This two men were upset with the king and so they planned to assassinate him. Translate **sought to do harm to King Ahasuerus** to mean the two men planned to kill King Ahasuerus.
|
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[^49]: **2:21** **sought to do harm to King Ahasuerus** (**L**: *sought to do harm to King Ahasuerus* | **S**: *They planned to assassinate King Ahasuerus*). The two men plotted to kill King Ahasuerus. The phrase **sought to do harm** means planned to kill. These two men were upset with the king, so they planned to assassinate him. Translate **sought to do harm to King Ahasuerus** to mean the two men planned to kill King Ahasuerus.
|
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|
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[^50]: **2:22** **Esther spoke to the king in the name of Mordecai** (**L**: *Esther spoke to the king in the name of Mordecai* | **S**: *she told the king. She explained that Mordecai had given her the information*) Mordecai overheard the plot to kill King Ahasuerus and then told Esther. Esther told the king and explained that she received her information from Mordecai. The phrase **in the name of Mordecai** means on Mordecai's behalf. Esther gave Mordecai credit for reporting the plot, so that he would gain favor with the king. While these events took place because of the wisdom of Mordecai, it is God's sovereign wisdom that is truly bringing these events about. God is always working to bring about his plans, even when humans cannot detect it. Translate **Esther spoke to the king in the name of Mordecai** to mean Esther relayed Mordecai's information about the plot to the king, and told him it came from Mordecai.
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[^50]: **2:22** **Esther spoke to the king in the name of Mordecai** (**L**: *Esther spoke to the king in the name of Mordecai* | **S**: *she told the king. She explained that Mordecai had given her the information*) Mordecai overheard the plot to kill King Ahasuerus and then told Esther. Esther told the king and explained that she had received her information from Mordecai. The phrase **in the name of Mordecai** means on Mordecai's behalf. Esther gave Mordecai credit for reporting the plot so that he would gain favor with the king. While these events took place because of the wisdom of Mordecai, it is God's sovereign wisdom that truly brings these events about. God always works to bring about his plans, even when humans cannot detect them. Translate **Esther spoke to the king in the name of Mordecai** to mean Esther relayed Mordecai's information about the plot to the king and told him it came from Mordecai.
|
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[^51]: **2:23** **both the men were hanged from a gallows** (**L**: *the two of them were hanged on a pole* | **S**: *the king ordered his servants to hang those two men from wooden poles {until they died}*) The two men were hanged from the gallows. The phrase **were hanged from a gallows** means were killed on the gallows. The two men were hanged from wooden poles until they died. Translate **both the men were hanged from a gallows** to mean the king ordered the execution of the two men and they were hanged from a wooden pole until they died.
|
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[^51]: **2:23** **both the men were hanged from a gallows** (**L**: *the two of them were hanged on a pole* | **S**: *the king ordered his servants to hang those two men from wooden poles {until they died}*) The two men were hanged from the gallows. The phrase **were hanged from a gallows** means the men were killed on the gallows. The two men were hanged from wooden poles until they died. Translate **both the men were hanged from a gallows** to mean the king ordered the execution of the two men, and they were hanged from a wooden pole until they died.
|
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3:1 After these things, King Ahasuerus promoted Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite, and placed his seat of authority above all the officials who were with him.[^52] 2 All the king's servants who were at the king's gate always knelt and prostrated themselves to Haman,[^53] as the king had ordered them to do. But Mordecai neither knelt nor prostrated himself. 3 Then the king's servants who were at the king's gate said to Mordecai, "Why do you disobey the king's command?" 4 They spoke with him day after day, but he refused to comply with their demands. So they spoke with Haman to see if the matter about Mordecai would remain like that, for he had told them that he was a Jew.[^54] 5 When Haman saw that Mordecai did not kneel and bow down to him,[^55] Haman was filled with rage.[^56] 6 He had contempt for the idea of killing only Mordecai, for the king's servants had told him who Mordecai's people were.[^57] Haman wanted to exterminate all the Jews, the people of Mordecai, who were in the entire kingdom of Ahasuerus.
|
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[^52]: **3:1** **placed his seat of authority above all the officials who were with him** (**L**: *he lifted him up and placed his seat of authority from over all the officials who were with him* | **S**: *The king gave Haman a very important position, more important than any of his other officials*) Some time after the execution of the assassins, the king promoted Haman above all of the other officials. The phrase **placed his seat of authority** means set his position. The king gave Haman a higher position than the other officials. Translate **placed his seat of authority above all the officials who were with him** to mean the king gave Haman a very high position that was over all of his other officials.
|
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[^52]: **3:1** **placed his seat of authority above all the officials who were with him** (**L**: *he lifted him up and placed his seat of authority from over all the officials who were with him* | **S**: *The king gave Haman a very important position, more important than any of his other officials*). Sometime after the execution of the assassins, the king promoted Haman above all the other officials. The phrase **placed his seat of authority** means to set his position. The king gave Haman a higher position than the other officials. Translate **placed his seat of authority above all the officials who were with him** to mean the king gave Haman a very high position over all of his other officials.
|
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|
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[^53]: **3:2** **All the king's servants who were at the king's gate always knelt and prostrated themselves to Haman** (**L**: *all the servants of the king who were at the gate of the king were bowing down and prostrating themselves to Haman* | **S**: *So {he} commanded all of his other servants who were at the king’s gate to bow down all the way to the ground to honor Haman {whenever he walked by}*) All the servants and officials bowed down to the ground whenever Haman walked by. The phrase **prostrated themselves** means laid flat on the ground. It is a symbolic action that shows honor to Haman. Translate **All the king's servants who were at the king's gate always knelt and prostrated themselves to Haman** to mean all the king's officials who were at the king's gate always knelt and bowed down to the ground whenever Haman walked by.
|
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[^53]: **3:2** **All the king's servants who were at the king's gate always knelt and prostrated themselves to Haman** (**L**: *all the servants of the king who were at the gate of the king were bowing down and prostrating themselves to Haman* | **S**: *So {he} commanded all of his other servants who were at the king’s gate to bow down all the way to the ground to honor Haman {whenever he walked by}*) All the servants and officials bowed down to the ground whenever Haman walked by. The phrase **prostrated themselves** means laid flat on the ground. It is a symbolic action that shows honor to Haman. Translate **All the king's servants who were at the king's gate always knelt and prostrated themselves to Haman**, to mean all the king's officials who were at the king's gate always knelt and bowed down to the ground whenever Haman walked by.
|
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|
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[^54]: **3:4** **for he had told them that he was a Jew** (**L**: *for he had told them that he was a Jew* | **S**: *{because he was a Jew}*) Mordecai refused to bow down to Haman. He said he refused because he was a Jew. This may have been for religious reasons, or because of a personal issue between Mordecai and Haman. But God used this conflict to further his plans for his people. God is at work during the normal circumstances of life. Translate **for he had told them that he was a Jew** to mean for he told them that the reason he would not bow down was because he was a Jew.
|
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[^54]: **3:4** **for he had told them that he was a Jew** (**L**: *for he had told them that he was a Jew* | **S**: *{because he was a Jew}*) Mordecai refused to bow down to Haman. He said he refused because he was a Jew. This may have been for religious reasons or because of a personal issue between Mordecai and Haman. But God used this conflict to further his plans for his people. God is at work during the normal circumstances of life. Translate **for he had told them that he was a Jew** to mean he told them that the reason he would not bow down was because he was a Jew.
|
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|
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[^55]: **3:5** **When Haman saw that Mordecai did not kneel and bow down to him** (**L**: *Haman saw that Mordecai would neither bow down nor prostrate himself to him* | **S**: *When Haman saw that Mordecai would not bow down to him*) The king's servants spoke with Haman and reported Mordecai's refusal to bow down. The phrase **when Haman saw** here means when Haman received the report. He heard about Mordecai's actions and began to think about how to respond. Translate **When Haman saw that Mordecai did not kneel and bow down to him** to mean when Haman heard that Mordecai did not kneel and bow down to him.
|
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|
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[^56]: **3:5** **Haman was filled with rage** (**L**: *Haman was filled with rage* | **S**: *he became furious*) Haman was enraged at Mordecai's refusal to bow down. The phrase **was filled with rage** means became extremely angry. Haman felt disrespected by Mordecai's defiant act. Anger and rage often lead to violent acts. Wounded pride can often produce these sinful emotions. Translate **Haman was filled with rage** to mean Haman became furious because Mordecai refused to kneel and bow down to him.
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[^56]: **3:5** **Haman was filled with rage** (**L**: *Haman was filled with rage* | **S**: *he became furious*). Haman was enraged at Mordecai's refusal to bow down. The phrase **was filled with rage** means he became extremely angry. Haman felt disrespected by Mordecai's defiant act. Anger and rage often lead to violent acts. Wounded pride can often produce these sinful emotions. Translate **Haman was filled with rage** to mean Haman became furious because Mordecai refused to kneel and bow down to him.
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[^57]: **3:6** **He had contempt for the idea of killing only Mordecai, for the king's servants had told him who Mordecai's people were** (**L**: *it was despised in his eyes to stretch out a hand against Mordecai alone, for they had told him the people of Mordecai* | **S**: *Haman decided it would not be enough just to kill Mordecai alone*) Haman wanted revenge on Mordecai's people, the Jews, not on just him alone. The phrase **he had contempt for the idea** means strongly against the idea. Rage can often cause people to seek revenge in horrific ways. Hatred and rage are powerful forces. They can lead to great sin if left unchecked. Translate **He had contempt for the idea of killing only Mordecai, for the king's servants had told him who Mordecai's people were** to mean he was strongly against the idea of only killing Mordecai, for the king's servants had told him that Mordecai was a Jew, and he wanted revenge on that people group as well.
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7 In the first month (which is the month of Nisan), in the twelfth year of King Ahasuerus, the Pur—that is the lot—was thrown before Haman, to select a day and month.[^58] They cast the lot over and over until the lot fell on the twelfth month (which is the month of Adar). 8 Then Haman said to King Ahasuerus,[^59] "There is a certain people scattered and distributed among all the provinces of your kingdom.[^60] Their laws are different from those of other people, and they do not keep the king's laws,[^61] so it is not suitable for the king to let them stay.[^62] 9 If it please the king, give a command to kill them,[^63] and I will weigh out ten thousand talents of silver into the hands of those who are in charge of the king's business, for them to put it into the king's treasury."[^64] 10 Then the king took the signet ring from his hand and gave it to Haman[^65] son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of the Jews. 11 And the king said to Haman, "The money is given to you, the people also, to do with them as it seems good to you."[^66]
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[^58]: **3:7** **the Pur—that is the lot—was thrown before Haman, to select a day and month** (**L**: *a Pur (which is “the lot”) was cast before the face of Haman from day to day and from month to month:* | **S**: *Haman had his servants cast a Pur (that is, a lot) while he watched {to determine the best month and the best day of the month to kill the Jews}*) Haman instructed his men to repeatedly cast a pur in order to determine that best month and day to attack the Jews. Haman was present while the pur was cast. A **lot** was an object with different markings on various sides that was used, most likely by dropping it on the ground, to select a specific time for doing something. **Pur** is the Persian word for **lot.** The Persians believed they could figure out a successful course of action by casting a lot and interpreting its meaning. This view of the word is incorrect. All events, even those which seem meaningless, are control by the one true God. Nothing occurs in the world that God does not allow. He is sovereign over all creation. Translate **the Pur—that is the lot—was thrown before Haman, to select a day and month** to mean Haman's men cast the lot repeatedly in front of him to select the day and month to launch to successfully kill all the Jews.
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[^58]: **3:7** **the Pur—that is the lot—was thrown before Haman, to select a day and month** (**L**: *a Pur (which is “the lot”) was cast before the face of Haman from day to day and from month to month:* | **S**: *Haman had his servants cast a Pur (that is, a lot) while he watched {to determine the best month and the best day of the month to kill the Jews}*). Haman instructed his men to repeatedly cast a pur to determine the best month and day to attack the Jews. Haman was present while the pur was cast. A **lot** was an object with different markings on various sides that was used, most likely by dropping it on the ground, to select a specific time for doing something. **Pur** is the Persian word for **lot.** The Persians believed they could figure out a successful course of action by casting a lot and interpreting its meaning. This view of the word is incorrect. All events, even those which seem meaningless, are controlled by the one true God. Nothing occurs in the world that God does not allow. He is sovereign over all creation. Translate **the Pur—that is the lot—was thrown before Haman, to select a day and month** to mean Haman's men cast the lot repeatedly in front of him to select the day and month to launch to successfully kill all the Jews.
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[^59]: **3:8** **Then Haman said to King Ahasuerus** (**L**: *And Haman said to the king Ahasuerus* | **S**: *Then Haman went to King Ahasuerus and said*) Sometime after casting the pur, Haman went and spoke with King Ahasuerus. The word **then** may not be enough to express that King Ahasuerus was not with Haman when he was casting the pur. This conversation took place after those events. Translate **Then Haman said to King Ahasuerus** to mean sometime later, Haman said to King Ahasuerus.
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[^59]: **3:8** **Then Haman said to King Ahasuerus** (**L**: *And Haman said to the king Ahasuerus* | **S**: *Then Haman went to King Ahasuerus and said*) Sometime after casting the pur, Haman went and spoke with King Ahasuerus. The word **then** may not be enough to express that King Ahasuerus was not with Haman when he was casting the pur. This conversation took place after those events. Translate **Then Haman said to King Ahasuerus** to mean sometime later Haman said to King Ahasuerus.
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[^60]: **3:8** **There is a certain people scattered and distributed among all the provinces of your kingdom.** (**L**: *He has one people scattered and dispersed among the peoples in all the provinces of your kingdom* | **S**: *there is a certain group of people who live among the other peoples in your empire*) Haman told the king that the Jews were scattered throughout all the provinces of the kingdom. The words **scattered and distributed** mean the same thing. Saying both is Haman's way of emphasizing the urgency of the matter. People often use hyperbole and rhetoric to manipulate the emotions of others. Haman was to make the king afraid of the Jews and their influence. the s Translate **There is a certain people scattered and distributed among all the provinces of your kingdom.** to mean Mordecai belongs to a certain people group that is scattered everywhere throughout the provinces of the kingdom.
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[^60]: **3:8** **There is a certain people scattered and distributed among all the provinces of your kingdom.** (**L**: *He has one people scattered and dispersed among the peoples in all the provinces of your kingdom* | **S**: *there is a certain group of people who live among the other peoples in your empire*) Haman told the king that the Jews were scattered throughout all the provinces of the kingdom. The words **scattered and distributed** mean the same thing. Saying both is Haman's way of emphasizing the urgency of the matter. People often use hyperbole and rhetoric to manipulate the emotions of others. Haman was to make the king afraid of the Jews and their influence. Translate **There is a certain people scattered and distributed among all the provinces of your kingdom.** to mean Mordecai belongs to a certain people group that is scattered everywhere throughout the provinces of the kingdom.
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[^61]: **3:8** **Their laws are different from those of other people, and they do not keep the king's laws** (**L**: *their laws are different from every people, and the laws of the king they do not obey* | **S**: *they have their own set of laws, and so they do not obey your laws*) Haman said that the Jews had their own set of laws and that they did not obey the laws of the king. The statement **their laws are different from those of other people** refers to the distinctive nature of the Torah and worship of Yahweh. The Jews were suppose to look very different from the surrounding people with regards to their customs and worship. The statement **they do not keep the king's laws** means they do not obey the kings laws. Haman is saying that the Jews have their own set of laws, and he is accusing them of not obeying the king’s laws as a result. Being a follower of Yahweh should shape how we live. This way of life will often conflict with the surrounding culture. Translate **Their laws are different from those of other people, and they do not keep the king's laws** to mean they have their own set of laws; as a result, they disobey the laws of the king.
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[^61]: **3:8** **Their laws are different from those of other people, and they do not keep the king's laws** (**L**: *their laws are different from every people, and the laws of the king they do not obey* | **S**: *they have their own set of laws, and so they do not obey your laws*). Haman said that the Jews had their own set of laws and that they did not obey the laws of the king. The statement **their laws are different from those of other people** refers to the distinctive nature of the Torah and worship of Yahweh. The Jews were supposed to look very different from the surrounding people with regard to their customs and worship. The statement **they do not keep the king's laws** means they do not obey the king's laws. Haman is saying that the Jews have their own set of laws, and he is accusing them of not obeying the king’s laws as a result. Being a follower of Yahweh should shape how we live. This way of life will often conflict with the surrounding culture. Translate **Their laws are different from those of other people, and they do not keep the king's laws**, to mean they have their own set of laws; as a result, they disobey the laws of the king.
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[^62]: **3:8** **it is not suitable for the king to let them stay** (**L**: *And there is no profit to the king to leave them untouched* | **S**: *It is not good for you to allow them to live in your empire*) Haman advised the king to remove Mordecai's people group from the empire. The statement **it is not suitable** means it should not be. Haman claimed that the Jews should not be allowed to remain in the empire. In all different ages, the people of God have faced various levels of persecution. Simply being associated with God is often enough to bring this about. Translate **it is not suitable for the king to let them stay** to mean the king should remove them from the empire.
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[^62]: **3:8** **it is not suitable for the king to let them stay** (**L**: *And there is no profit to the king to leave them untouched* | **S**: *It is not good for you to allow them to live in your empire*). Haman advised the king to remove Mordecai's people group from the empire. The statement **it is not suitable** means it should not be. Haman claimed that the Jews should not be allowed to remain in the empire. In all different ages, the people of God have faced various levels of persecution. Simply being associated with God is often enough to bring this about. Translate **it is not suitable for the king to let them stay** to mean the king should remove them from the empire.
|
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[^63]: **3:9** **If it please the king, give a command to kill them** (**L**: *If it is good to the king, let it be written to destroy them* | **S**: *If you approve of this plan, O king, then write a decree saying that all of the Jews must die*) Haman advised the king to have the Jews killed. The phrase **if it please the king** means if the king thinks its a good idea. First Haman claimed that the Jews were a threat to the empire, because they refused to obey the king's laws. Now he suggest that the threat be removed by killing them. Translate **If it please the king, give a command to kill them** to mean if the king thinks its a good idea, command that the Jews be killed.
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[^63]: **3:9** **If it please the king, give a command to kill them** (**L**: *If it is good to the king, let it be written to destroy them* | **S**: *If you approve of this plan, O king, then write a decree saying that all of the Jews must die*). Haman advised the king to have the Jews killed. The phrase **if it please the king** means if the king thinks it's a good idea. First, Haman claimed that the Jews were a threat to the empire because they refused to obey the king's laws. Now he suggests that the threat be removed by killing them. Translate **If it please the king, give a command to kill them** to mean if the king thinks its a good idea, command that the Jews be killed.
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[^64]: **3:9** **I will weigh out ten thousand talents of silver into the hands of those who are in charge of the king's business, for them to put it into the king's treasury** (**L**: *I will weigh out 10,000 talents of silver into the hands of the doers of the work, to bring into the treasuries of the king* | **S**: *I will give 300 tons of silver to your administrators for them to put into your royal treasuries*) Haman told the king he would pay him 10,000 talents of silver, if the king would allow Haman to lead the effort to exterminate the Jews. The phrase **weigh out ten thousand talents of silver** means Haman himself will pay the officers who will put the plan into effect. He probably expected to make this money back by plundering the Jews. The enemies of God often use lies and manipulation to launch attacks against his people. Such evil still takes place often today. Translate **I will weigh out ten thousand talents of silver into the hands of those who are in charge of the king's business, for them to put it into the king's treasury** to mean I will pay the king's men 10,000 talents of silver, to be placed in the king's treasury, so that this plan to kill the Jews may commence.
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[^64]: **3:9** **I will weigh out ten thousand talents of silver into the hands of those who are in charge of the king's business, for them to put it into the king's treasury** (**L**: *I will weigh out 10,000 talents of silver into the hands of the doers of the work, to bring into the treasuries of the king* | **S**: *I will give 300 tons of silver to your administrators for them to put into your royal treasuries*). Haman told the king he would pay him 10,000 talents of silver if the king allowed Haman to lead the effort to exterminate the Jews. The phrase **weigh out ten thousand talents of silver** means Haman himself will pay the officers who will put the plan into effect. He probably expected to make this money back by plundering the Jews. The enemies of God often use lies and manipulation to launch attacks against his people. Such evil still takes place often today. Translate **I will weigh out ten thousand talents of silver into the hands of those who are in charge of the king's business, for them to put it into the king's treasury** to mean I will pay the king's men 10,000 talents of silver, to be placed in the king's treasury, so that this plan to kill the Jews may commence.
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[^65]: **3:10** **the king took the signet ring from his hand and gave it to Haman** (**L**: *the king removed his signet ring from on his hand, and he gave it to Haman* | **S**: *The king {liked what Haman said. So he} gave Haman the ring that he wore that had his official seal on it*) The king gave Haman his ring which had his official seal on it. With this, Haman could make laws as if he were the king. By this act, the king approved Haman's plan and gave him the power to act on his authority to carry it out. Translate **the king took the signet ring from his hand and gave it to Haman** to mean the king took the signet ring from his hand and gave it to Haman, which allowed him to issue laws on behalf of the king and carry out his plan.
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[^66]: **3:11** **The money is given to you, the people also, to do with them as it seems good to you* (**L**: *The silver is given to you, and the people, to do with them as is good in your eyes* | **S**: *You can keep the money for yourself, and you can do whatever you want to do with those people*) The king told Haman that he would cover the expenses for Haman's mission. He also gave him authority to do whatever he wanted the Jews. The phrase **to do with them as it seems good to you** means you can do to the Jews as you see fit. The king showed no regard for Yahweh or his people. He did not realize Esther, his beloved queen, was a Jew. The enemies of God can be callous and cruel. God's people have been violently persecuted down through the ages. Translate **I will see that the money is given back to you and your people** to mean I will cover the expenses of your mission to kill all the Jews.
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[^66]: **3:11** **The money is given to you, the people also, to do with them as it seems good to you* (**L**: *The silver is given to you, and the people, to do with them as is good in your eyes* | **S**: *You can keep the money for yourself, and you can do whatever you want to do with those people*) The king told Haman that he would cover the expenses for Haman's mission. He also gave him authority to do whatever he wanted to the Jews. The phrase **to do with them as it seems good to you** means you can do to the Jews as you see fit. The king showed no regard for Yahweh or his people. He did not realize Esther, his beloved queen, was a Jew. The enemies of God can be callous and cruel. God's people have been violently persecuted down through the ages. Translate **I will see that the money is given back to you and your people** to mean I will cover the expenses of your mission to kill all the Jews.
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12 Then the king's scribes were summoned on the thirteenth day of the first month, and a decree containing all that Haman had commanded was written to the king's provincial governors, those who were over all the provinces, to the governors of all the various peoples, and to the officials of all the people, to every province in their own writing, and to every people in their own language. It was written in the name of King Ahasuerus and was sealed with his ring.[^67] 13 Documents were hand-delivered by couriers to all the king's provinces, to annihilate, kill, and destroy all Jews, from young to old, children and women, in one day[^68]—on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month (which is the month of Adar)—and to plunder their possessions.[^69] 14 A copy of the letter was made law in every province. In every province it was made known to all the people that they should prepare for this day. 15 The couriers went out and hurried to distribute the king's order. The decree was also distributed within the fortress of Susa. The king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of Susa was in turmoil.[^70]
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[^67]: **3:12** **It was written in the name of King Ahasuerus and was sealed with his ring** (**L**: *In the name of the king Ahasuerus it was written, and it was sealed with the signet ring of the king. | **S**: *To show that he was sending the letter under the king’s own authority, Haman sealed each copy of the letter with the ring that had the king’s official seal on it*) Haman sent out the decree to all the provinces in their various languages. It was sealed using the king's ring, which gave it the authority of the king. The statement **it was written in the name of King Ahasuerus** means Haman’s letter had the same authority as it would have had if the king had sent it himself. Satan has incited men, or people groups, to attempt the mass extermination of the Jews. This has occurred multiple times throughout history. But God will never allow his chosen people to be wiped off the Earth. This plan has failed every time it was attempted. Translate **It was written in the name of King Ahasuerus and was sealed with his ring** to mean the letter which contained Haman's instructions was sealed with the king's ring, which gave the contained decree the king's authority.
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[^67]: **3:12** **It was written in the name of King Ahasuerus and was sealed with his ring** (**L**: *In the name of the king Ahasuerus it was written, and it was sealed with the signet ring of the king. | **S**: *To show that he was sending the letter under the king’s own authority, Haman sealed each copy of the letter with the ring that had the king’s official seal on it*). Haman sent out the decree to all the provinces in their various languages. It was sealed using the king's ring, which gave it the authority of the king. The statement **it was written in the name of King Ahasuerus** means Haman’s letter had the same authority as it would have had if the king had sent it himself. Satan has incited men, or people groups, to attempt the mass extermination of the Jews. This has occurred multiple times throughout history. But God will never allow his chosen people to be wiped off the Earth. This plan has failed every time it was attempted. Translate **It was written in the name of King Ahasuerus and was sealed with his ring** to mean the letter which contained Haman's instructions was sealed with the king's ring, which gave the contained decree the king's authority.
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[^68]: **3:13** **to annihilate, kill, and destroy all Jews, from young to old, children and women, in one day** (**L**: *to annihilate, to slaughter, and to destroy all the Jews from young even to old, children and women, in one day* | **S**: *to completely destroy all the Jews, including the children and women, on a single day*) Haman's letter, which had the authority of the king, commanded the provinces to kill all Jews, young and old. This was to be done in a single day, the day indicated by the pur. The words **annihilate, kill and destroy** all mean the same thing. They effectively mean completely destroy. See note on 3:12 regarding how this type of operation has been attempted multiple times throughout history. Translate **to annihilate, kill, and destroy all Jews, from young to old, children and women, in one day** to mean completely destroy all the Jews in one day.
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[^68]: **3:13** **to annihilate, kill, and destroy all Jews, from young to old, children and women, in one day** (**L**: *to annihilate, to slaughter, and to destroy all the Jews from young even to old, children and women, in one day* | **S**: *to completely destroy all the Jews, including the children and women, on a single day*). Haman's letter, which had the authority of the king, commanded the provinces to kill all Jews, young and old. This was to be done in a single day, as indicated by the pur. The words **annihilate, kill and destroy** all mean the same thing. They effectively mean to completely destroy. See note on 3:12 regarding how this type of operation has been attempted multiple times throughout history. Translate **to annihilate, kill, and destroy all Jews, from young to old, children and women, in one day** to mean completely destroy all the Jews in one day.
|
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[^69]: **3:13** **to plunder their possessions** (**L**: *to plunder their spoils* | **S**: *The letters also said that those who killed the Jews could take everything that belonged to them*) The letters also commanded that the governors and officials take the Jews' belongings after killing them. At least some of these spoils likely made there way back to Haman. Translate **to plunder their possessions** to mean steal their possessions after killing them.
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[^69]: **3:13** **to plunder their possessions** (**L**: *to plunder their spoils* | **S**: *The letters also said that those who killed the Jews could take everything that belonged to them*). The letters also commanded that the governors and officials take the Jews' belongings after killing them. At least some of these spoils likely made there way back to Haman. Translate **to plunder their possessions** to mean steal their possessions after killing them.
|
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[^70]: **3:15** **The king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of Susa was in turmoil** (**L**: *the king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of Susa was in confusion* | **S**: *The king and Haman relaxed and drank together. But everyone who lived in Susa was very upset {about what was going to happen}*) After issuing a wicked decree, Haman sat down with the king to drink. The statement **but the city of Susa was in turmoil** means the people of Susa were confused by Haman's decree. This was likely due to the highly wicked nature of the command, and to fear that they could be next. The king and Haman were unphased by the evil of their decree. They enjoyed a drink together as if nothing were wrong. If a law is wicked and unjust, people are not obligated to obey. God laws supersede the laws of man. Translate **The king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of Susa was in turmoil** to mean the king and Haman sat down to drink, but the people of Susa were confused and disturbed by the decree.
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[^70]: **3:15** **The king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of Susa was in turmoil** (**L**: *the king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of Susa was in confusion* | **S**: *The king and Haman relaxed and drank together. But everyone who lived in Susa was very upset {about what was going to happen}*). After issuing a wicked decree, Haman sat down with the king to drink. The statement **but the city of Susa was in turmoil** means the people of Susa were confused by Haman's decree. This was likely due to the highly wicked nature of the command and to fear that they could be next. The king and Haman were unphased by the evil of their decree. They enjoyed a drink together as if nothing were wrong. If a law is wicked and unjust, people are not obligated to obey it. God's laws supersede the laws of man. Translate **The king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of Susa was in turmoil** to mean the king and Haman sat down to drink, but the people of Susa were confused and disturbed by the decree.
|
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4:1 When Mordecai learned of all that had been done, he tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and ashes.[^71] He went out into the middle of the city, and cried out with a loud and a bitter cry.[^72] 2 He went up only as far as the king's gate, because no one was allowed to go through it clothed in sackcloth. 3 In every province, wherever the king's command and decree reached, there was great mourning among the Jews, with fasting, weeping, and lamenting.[^73] Many of them lay in sackcloth and ashes.
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[^71]: **4:1** **he tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and ashes** (**L**: *Mordecai tore his garments and put on sackcloth and ashes* | **S**: *he tore his clothes and put on rough sackcloth and threw ashes over himself*) Mordecai was greatly saddened by Haman's decree. The symbolic actions of tearing clothes and putting **on sackcloth and ashes** indicate extreme grief and sorrow. The possible annihilation of the entire Jewish race horrified Mordecai. So he expressed his emotions using these actions. In contrast to the actions of Haman and the king, this is the proper response to evil and sin. God wants people to hate what is evil, and to cherish that which is good. Translate **he tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and ashes** to mean he was so anguished that he tore his clothes and put on rough sackcloth and threw ashes over himself.
|
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[^71]: **4:1** **he tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and ashes** (**L**: *Mordecai tore his garments and put on sackcloth and ashes* | **S**: *he tore his clothes and put on rough sackcloth and threw ashes over himself*) Mordecai was greatly saddened by Haman's decree. The symbolic actions of tearing clothes and putting **on sackcloth and ashes** indicate extreme grief and sorrow. The possible annihilation of the entire Jewish race horrified Mordecai. So he expressed his emotions using these actions. In contrast to the actions of Haman and the king, this is the proper response to evil and sin. God wants people to hate what is evil and cherish what is good. Translate **he tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and ashes** to mean he was so anguished that he tore his clothes, put on rough sackcloth, and threw ashes over himself.
|
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[^72]: **4:1** **cried out with a loud and a bitter cry** (**L**: *cried out a great and bitter outcry* | **S**: *he started walking towards the city center, {towards the king’s palace}, crying out in anguish*) Mordecai cried out loudly as an expression of his grief, and as a protest against that great evil that was to come. He did this in the middle of the city, where everyone could see. God wants his people to speak out against all evil. Translate **cried out with a loud and a bitter cry** to mean cried out in anguish with a loud and bitter cry.
|
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[^72]: **4:1** **cried out with a loud and a bitter cry** (**L**: *cried out a great and bitter outcry* | **S**: *he started walking towards the city center, {towards the king’s palace}, crying out in anguish*) Mordecai cried out loudly as an expression of his grief and as a protest against that great evil that was to come. He did this in the middle of the city, where everyone could see. God wants his people to speak out against all evil. Translate **cried out with a loud and a bitter cry** to mean cried out in anguish with a loud and bitter cry.
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[^73]: **4:3** **there was great mourning among the Jews, with fasting, weeping, and lamenting** (**L**: *there was great mourning by the Jews, and fasting and weeping and lamenting* | **S**: *{When} the Jews {heard about it, they} mourned greatly. They went without food and wailed loudly*) The Jews in the provinces where the edict was received responded similarly to Mordecai. They fasted, wept, and lamented because of the severity of the command. See notes on 4:1. Translate **there was great mourning among the Jews, with fasting, weeping, and lamenting** to mean the Jews mourned by fasting, weeping, and lamenting in the provinces where the edict was read.
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4 When Esther's young women and her servants came and told her, the queen was in great distress.[^74] She sent garments to clothe Mordecai (so he could take off his sackcloth), but he would not accept them. 5 Then Esther called for Hathak, one of the king's officials who had been assigned to serve her. She ordered him to go to Mordecai to learn what had happened and what it meant. 6 So Hathak went to Mordecai in the city square in front of the king's gate.[^75] 7 Mordecai reported to him all that had happened to him, and the total amount of the silver that Haman had promised to weigh out and put into the king's treasuries[^76] in order to put the Jews to death. 8 He also gave him a copy of the decree that was issued in Susa for the Jews' destruction. He did this so that Hathak could show it to Esther, and that he should give her the responsibility of going to the king to beg for his favor, and to plead with him on behalf of her people.[^77]
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[^74]: **4:4** **the queen was in great distress** (**L**: *he queen was seized with extreme fear* | **S**: *Queen Esther herself became very afraid*) The queen was very upset when she heard of Mordecai's actions. She did not know what he was lamenting, but the extreme nature of his grief and mourning made her very afraid. The phrase **in great distress** means the queen was extremely anxious or very concerned because Mordecai's actions. This was because she loved Mordecai, and because she was anxious to learn the cause of his grief. Translate **the queen was in great distress** to mean the queen was greatly distressed by Mordecai's actions.
|
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[^74]: **4:4** **the queen was in great distress** (**L**: *he queen was seized with extreme fear* | **S**: *Queen Esther herself became very afraid*). The queen was very upset when she heard of Mordecai's actions. She did not know what he was lamenting, but the extreme nature of his grief and mourning made her very afraid. The phrase **in great distress** means the queen was extremely anxious or very concerned because of Mordecai's actions. This was because she loved Mordecai and was anxious to learn the cause of his grief. Translate **the queen was in great distress** to mean the queen was greatly distressed by Mordecai's actions.
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|
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[^75]: **4:6** **in front of the king's gate.** (**L**: *before the face of the gate of the king* | **S**: *in front of the king’s gate*) Hathak met Mordecai in front of the king's gate. The phrase **the king's gate** is a way of describing the citadel by reference to something associated with it --- the gate that leads into it. Translate **in front of the king's gate** to mean in front of the citadel gate.
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[^75]: **4:6** **in front of the king's gate.** (**L**: *before the face of the gate of the king* | **S**: *in front of the king’s gate*). Hathak met Mordecai in front of the king's gate. The phrase **the king's gate** describes the citadel by referencing something associated with it --- the gate that leads into it. Translate **in front of the king's gate** to mean in front of the citadel gate.
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|
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[^76]: **4:7** **to weigh out and put into the king's treasuries.** See note on 3:9.
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|
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[^77]: **4:8** **give her the responsibility of going to the king to beg for his favor, and to plead with him on behalf of her people** (**L**: *to lay a charge upon her to go to the king to implore his favor and to seek from before his face concerning her people* | **S**: *urge her to go to the king personally and to beg him desperately to save her people from destruction*) Mordecai sent a copy of Haman's letter to Esther. He also sent instructions for her to approach the king and plead for mercy on behalf of the Jews. The phrase **give her the responsibility of going to the king** means instructed her to go to the king. The phrase **to plead with him on behalf of her people** means beg the king to annul the order to have all the Jews in the kingdom killed. If Esther followed Mordecai's instructions, it would put her at great risk. This was an extremally tough decision for her to make. God wants his people to make the right decision, even when it is hard. He also wants his people to support each other when making tough decisions. Translate **give her the responsibility of going to the king to beg for his favor, and to plead with him on behalf of her people** to mean instruct her to beg the king to revoke the edict that was sent to the provinces.
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[^77]: **4:8** **give her the responsibility of going to the king to beg for his favor, and to plead with him on behalf of her people** (**L**: *to lay a charge upon her to go to the king to implore his favor and to seek from before his face concerning her people* | **S**: *urge her to go to the king personally and to beg him desperately to save her people from destruction*). Mordecai sent a copy of Haman's letter to Esther. He also instructed her to approach the king and plead for mercy on behalf of the Jews. The phrase **give her the responsibility of going to the king** means he instructed her to go to the king. The phrase **to plead with him on behalf of her people** means to beg the king to annul the order to have all the Jews in the kingdom killed. If Esther followed Mordecai's instructions, it would put her at great risk. This was an extremely tough decision for her to make. God wants his people to make the right decision, even when it is hard. He also wants his people to support each other when making tough decisions. Translate **give her the responsibility of going to the king to beg for his favor, and to plead with him on behalf of her people** to mean instruct her to beg the king to revoke the edict that was sent to the provinces.
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9 So Hathak went and told Esther what Mordecai had said. 10 Then Esther spoke to Hathak and told him to go back to Mordecai. 11 She said, "All the king's servants and the people of the king's provinces know that if any man or woman goes to the king inside the inner courtyard[^78] without being summoned, there is only one law: That he must be put to death[^79]—except for anyone to whom the king holds out the golden scepter so that he may live.[^81] I have not been called to come to the king these thirty days."[^] 12 So Hathak reported Esther's words to Mordecai.
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|
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[^78]: **4:11** **inside the inner courtyard** (**L**: *to the inner court* | **S**: *into the inner courtyard of the palace, {where the king can see them}*) The inner courtyard refers to a courtyard right outside the room where King Ahasuerus sat on his throne. He could see out of the entrance to the room into the courtyard and tell if anyone came and stood there. Anyone who did that was asking to speak to the king. Translate **inside the inner courtyard** to mean into the inner courtyard of the palace.
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[^79]: **4:11** **there is only one law: That he must be put to death** (**L**: *his law is one: to cause to die* | **S**: *There is a law {about going to the king} that applies to {everyone in the kingdom}, both men and women. If anyone goes into the inner courtyard of the palace, {where the king can see them}, and the king has not summoned them, that person will die*) Esther said that there was a law that applied to everyone in the kingdom. The law stated that if anyone approached the king who had not be summoned, that person would be put to death. The phrase **there is only one law** means this law applies to everyone in the kingdom. The statement **he must be put to death** means that person must be executed. Esther knew that following Mordecai's instructions could result in her death. She wanted to make sure that Mordecai understood this as well. Sometimes God calls his people to die while doing his will. Translate **there is only one law: That he must be put to death** to mean there is a law that everyone must follow: if anyone approaches the king without being summoned that person will be executed.
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[^79]: **4:11** **there is only one law: That he must be put to death** (**L**: *his law is one: to cause to die* | **S**: *There is a law {about going to the king} that applies to {everyone in the kingdom}, both men and women. If anyone goes into the inner courtyard of the palace, {where the king can see them}, and the king has not summoned them, that person will die*). Esther said that there was a law that applied to everyone in the kingdom. The law stated that if anyone approached the king who had not been summoned, that person would be put to death. The phrase **there is only one law** means this law applies to everyone in the kingdom. The statement **he must be put to death** means that person must be executed. Esther knew that following Mordecai's instructions could result in her death. She wanted to make sure that Mordecai understood this as well. Sometimes God calls his people to die while doing his will. Translate **there is only one law: That he must be put to death** to mean there is a law that everyone must follow: if anyone approaches the king without being summoned, that person will be executed.
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[^80]: **4:11** **except for anyone to whom the king holds out the golden scepter so that he may live** (**L**: *apart from when the king holds out to him the scepter of gold; then he will live* | **S**: *Only if the king holds out his golden scepter to them, then they will live*) Esther explained that the king reserved the right to pardon a person if they approached him without being summoned. Esther would need to trust that God would lead the king to do pardon her. God does not always intervene in this way. Sometimes God chooses to deliver his servants. But sometimes he allows them to die for his glory and purposes. Translate **except for anyone to whom the king holds out the golden scepter so that he may live** to mean except if the king holds out the golden scepter to signal that he has pardoned them.
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[^80]: **4:11** **except for anyone to whom the king holds out the golden scepter so that he may live** (**L**: *apart from when the king holds out to him the scepter of gold; then he will live* | **S**: *Only if the king holds out his golden scepter to them, then they will live*) Esther explained that the king reserved the right to pardon a person if they approached him without being summoned. Esther would need to trust that God would lead the king to pardon her. God does not always intervene in this way. Sometimes God chooses to deliver his servants. But sometimes, he allows them to die for his glory and purposes. Translate **except for anyone to whom the king holds out the golden scepter so that he may live** to mean except if the king holds out the golden scepter to signal that he has pardoned them.
|
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[^81]: **4:11** **I have not been called to come to the king these thirty days** (**L**: *I have not been called to come to the king these 30 days* | **S**: *The king has not called for me in over a month, {and if I go without being summoned, I could be put to death}.*) Esther said that the king had not called for her in over a month. She wanted to let Mordecai know that if she went without being summoned, she could be put to death. Translate **I have not been called to come to the king these thirty days** to mean the king has not called me to see him for thirty days.
|
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[^81]: **4:11** **I have not been called to come to the king these thirty days** (**L**: *I have not been called to come to the king these 30 days* | **S**: *The king has not called for me in over a month, {and if I go without being summoned, I could be put to death}.*) Esther said that the king had not called for her in over a month. She wanted to let Mordecai know that she could be put to death if she went without being summoned. Translate **I have not been called to come to the king these thirty days** to mean the king has not called me to see him for thirty days.
|
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|
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13 Mordecai sent back this message: "You must not think that in the king's palace, you will escape any more than all the other Jews.[^82] 14 If you remain silent at this time, relief and rescue will rise up for the Jews from another place,[^83] but you and your father's house will perish.[^84] Who knows whether you have come to this royal position for such a time as this?"[^85] 15 Then Esther sent this message to Mordecai, 16 "Go, gather together all the Jews who live in Susa, and fast for me.[^86] Do not eat nor drink for three days, night or day.[^87] My young girls and I will fast in the same way.[^88] Then I will go to the king, even though it is against the law, and if I perish, I perish."[^89] 17 Mordecai went and did all that Esther told him to do.
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[^82]: **4:13** **You must not think that in the king's palace, you will escape any more than all the other Jews** (**L**: *Do not think to yourself to escape in the palace of the king, different from all the Jews* | **S**: *Do not imagine that just because you live there in the king’s palace that you will be safe when they kill all the other Jews*) Mordecai believed that Esther would be killed even if she didn't approach the king. This meant that if she decided not to plead on behalf of her people, she would not be any safer from harm. The statement **you must not think** that means it is not true that. Mordecai likely thought that Esther's secret would get out, or that she would be harmed by other means. By these words, he encouraged Esther to do the right thing. Sometimes we need the stern word of others to encourage us to do God's will. Translate **You must not think that in the king's palace, you will escape any more than all the other Jews** to mean it is not true that you will escape any more than all the other Jews.
|
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[^82]: **4:13** **You must not think that in the king's palace, you will escape any more than all the other Jews** (**L**: *Do not think to yourself to escape in the palace of the king, different from all the Jews* | **S**: *Do not imagine that just because you live there in the king’s palace that you will be safe when they kill all the other Jews*) Mordecai believed that Esther would be killed even if she didn't approach the king. This meant that if she decided not to plead on behalf of her people, she would not be any safer from harm. The statement **you must not think** that means it is not true that. Mordecai likely thought that Esther's secret would get out or that she would be harmed by other means. By these words, he encouraged Esther to do the right thing. Sometimes we need the stern word of others to encourage us to do God's will. Translate **You must not think that in the king's palace, you will escape any more than all the other Jews** to mean it is not true that you will escape any more than all the other Jews.
|
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|
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[^83]: **4:14** **If you remain silent at this time, relief and rescue will rise up for the Jews from another place** (**L**: *if you indeed remain silent at this time, relief and deliverance will arise for the Jews from another place* | **S**: *If you say nothing at all now, someone from some other place will rescue the Jews*) In Mordecai's message to Esther, he said that the Jews would be rescued from Haman's plan even if Esther didn't help. The phrase **if you remain silent at this time** means if you don't plead with the king on the Jews behalf. The statement relief and rescue will rise up speaks of relief and rescue as if they are living things that can rise up. Mordecai believed Yahweh would rescue the Jews regardless of Esther's decision. He showed a deep faith in the success of God's promises and plans. Because of God's ultimate plan for the Jews, they can never be totally wiped out. No human king or people group can stop God's plan for his people. Translate **If you remain silent at this time, relief and rescue will rise up for the Jews from another place** to mean if you decide not to approach the king on the Jews behalf, the Jews will be saved by other means.
|
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[^83]: **4:14** **If you remain silent at this time, relief and rescue will rise up for the Jews from another place** (**L**: *if you indeed remain silent at this time, relief and deliverance will arise for the Jews from another place* | **S**: *If you say nothing at all now, someone from some other place will rescue the Jews*) In Mordecai's message to Esther, he said that the Jews would be rescued from Haman's plan even if Esther didn't help. The phrase **if you remain silent at this time** means if you don't plead with the king on behalf of the Jews. The statement relief and rescue will rise up speaks of relief and rescue as if they are living things that can rise up. Mordecai believed Yahweh would rescue the Jews regardless of Esther's decision. He showed a deep faith in the success of God's promises and plans. Because of God's ultimate plan for the Jews, they can never be completely wiped out. No human king or people group can stop God's plan for his people. Translate **If you remain silent at this time, relief and rescue will rise up for the Jews from another place**, to mean if you decide not to approach the king on behalf of the Jews, the Jews will be saved by other means.
|
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|
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[^84]: **4:14** **you and your father's house will perish** (**L**: *you and the house of your father will perish* | **S**: *you and your relatives will not survive*) Mordecai claimed that if Esther failed to act it would bring judgment upon Esther and her family. The phrase **your father's house** refers to Esther's family. The phrase **will perish** means will die. Mordecai believed that some form of divine judgment would befall Esther and her family if she did not intervene to stop the massacre of the Jews. Translate **you and your father's house will perish** to mean you and your family will die.
|
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[^84]: **4:14** **you and your father's house will perish** (**L**: *you and the house of your father will perish* | **S**: *you and your relatives will not survive*). Mordecai claimed that if Esther failed to act, it would bring judgment upon Esther and her family. The phrase **your father's house** refers to Esther's family. The phrase **will perish** means will die. Mordecai believed that some form of divine judgment would befall Esther and her family if she did not intervene to stop the massacre of the Jews. Translate **you and your father's house will perish** to mean you and your family will die.
|
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[^85]: **4:14** **Who knows whether you have come to this royal position for such a time as this?** (**L**: *who knows if you have arrived at royalty for such a time as this?* | **S**: *Who knows, perhaps it was for just such a time as this that you became queen*) Mordecai wondered if God orchestrated Esther becoming queen so that she could save the Jews from annihilation. The question who knows whether you have come to this royal position for such a time as this? is a way of saying what might be true. Mordecai believed God would keep his promises to Abraham, and protect his people, the Jews, and that he might be using Esther to do it. God assigns his people with unique roles in his plans. And then he gives them what they need to fulfill their purpose. Translate **Who knows whether you have come to this royal position for such a time as this?** to mean who knows, perhaps it was to intervene in this very situation that you became queen.
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[^85]: **4:14** **Who knows whether you have come to this royal position for such a time as this?** (**L**: *who knows if you have arrived at royalty for such a time as this?* | **S**: *Who knows, perhaps it was for just such a time as this that you became queen*) Mordecai wondered if God orchestrated Esther becoming queen so that she could save the Jews from annihilation. The question **who knows whether you have come to this royal position for such a time as this?** is a way of saying what might be true. Mordecai believed God would keep his promises to Abraham and protect his people, the Jews, and that he might use Esther to do it. God assigns his people unique roles in his plans, and he gives them what they need to fulfill their purpose. Translate **Who knows whether you have come to this royal position for such a time as this?** to mean who knows, perhaps it was to intervene in this very situation that you became queen.
|
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[^86]: **4:16** **gather together all the Jews who live in Susa, and fast for me** (**L**: *gather all the Jews who are found in Susa. And fast on account of me* | **S**: *Gather together all the Jews who live here in Susa and tell them to fast and pray for my sake*) Esther instructed Mordecai to gather the Jews in Susa and tell them to fast for her. The word **fast** refers to the practice of not eating or drinking as a means of focusing on one's relationship with God. It is often accompanied with deep prayer, as was likely the case in this situation. The purpose for the fast here is to beseech God for Esther's success. God hears the cries, groans, and prayers of his people, because he loves them. He responds to prayer according to his purposes, and for their ultimate good. Translate **gather together all the Jews who live in Susa, and fast for me** to mean instruct the Jews who live in Susa to fast for my sake.
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[^86]: **4:16** **gather together all the Jews who live in Susa, and fast for me** (**L**: *gather all the Jews who are found in Susa. And fast on account of me* | **S**: *Gather together all the Jews who live here in Susa and tell them to fast and pray for my sake*). Esther instructed Mordecai to gather the Jews in Susa and tell them to fast for her. The word **fast** refers to the practice of not eating or drinking to focus on one's relationship with God. It is often accompanied by deep prayer, as was likely the case in this situation. The purpose of the fast here was to beseech God for Esther's success. God hears the cries, groans, and prayers of his people because he loves them. He responds to prayer according to his purposes and for their ultimate good. Translate **gather together all the Jews who live in Susa, and fast for me** to mean instruct the Jews who live in Susa to fast for my sake.
|
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|
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[^87]: **4:16** **Do not eat nor drink for three days, night or day.** This was the duration of the fast. It was a continuous fast which lasted three days. See note above for an explanation of fasting.
|
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[^87]: **4:16** **Do not eat nor drink for three days, night or day.** This was the duration of the fast. It was a continuous fast that lasted three days. See note above for an explanation of fasting.
|
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|
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[^88]: **4:16** **My young girls and I will fast in the same way** (**L**: *I myself and my young female attendants will fast likewise* | **S**: *My female attendants and I will also fast in the same way*) Esther said that she and her female attendants would also fast and likely pray. The phrase **in the same way** means also fast for three days. Esther has shown remarkable growth in the last few verses. Her decision to fast and pray showed a genuine, and growing, relationship with God. Like Mordecai, Esther is hoping God will deliver both her people and herself. Increased trust in God comes as one grows in faith. Translate **My young girls and I will fast in the same way** to mean my female attendants and I will also fast for three days.
|
||||
[^88]: **4:16** **My young girls and I will fast in the same way** (**L**: *I myself and my young female attendants will fast likewise* | **S**: *My female attendants and I will also fast in the same way*). Esther said she and her female attendants would also fast and likely pray. The phrase **in the same way** means also fast for three days. Esther has shown remarkable growth in the last few verses. Her decision to fast and pray showed a genuine and growing relationship with God. Like Mordecai, Esther hopes God will deliver both her people and herself. Increased trust in God comes as one grows in faith. Translate **My young girls and I will fast in the same way** to mean my female attendants and I will also fast for three days.
|
||||
|
||||
[^89]: **4:16** **if I perish, I perish** (**L**: *if I perish, I perish* | **S**: *I will do that even if it costs me my life*) Esther accepted that going to the king, when she had not be summoned, could result in her death. She decides to go anyway despite this real risk. The statement **if I perish, I perish** is another way of saying if I die, so be it. Esther is willing to accept God's will in this matter. This situation has forced Esther to trust in God for her safety, and to rely on him for the wellbeing of her people. To risk one's life to do God's will is a sign of tremendous growth. Faith is often tested and rapidly matured in the midst of persecution. Translate **if I perish, I perish** to mean if I die, so be it.
|
||||
[^89]: **4:16** **if I perish, I perish** (**L**: *if I perish, I perish* | **S**: *I will do that even if it costs me my life*). Esther accepted that going to the king when she had not been summoned could result in her death. She decides to go anyway despite this real risk. The statement **if I perish, I perish** is another way of saying if I die, so be it. Esther is willing to accept God's will in this matter. This situation has forced Esther to trust in God for her safety and to rely on him for the wellbeing of her people. To risk one's life to do God's will is a sign of tremendous growth. Faith is often tested and rapidly matures in the midst of persecution. Translate **if I perish, I perish** to mean if I die, so be it.
|
||||
|
||||
5:1 After three days, Esther put on her royal clothes and went to stand in the courtyard of the king's palace,[^90] in front of the king's house. The king was sitting on his royal throne in the royal house, facing the entrance to the house. 2 When the king saw Esther the queen standing in the courtyard, she received approval in his eyes.[^91] He held out to her the golden scepter in his hand.[^92] So Esther approached and touched the tip of the scepter. 3 Then the king said to her, "What do you want, Queen Esther? What is your request? Up to half of my kingdom, it will be given to you."[^93] 4 Esther said, "If it pleases the king,[^94] let the king and Haman come today to a feast that I have prepared for him."[^95]
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|
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[^90]: **5:1** **in the courtyard of the king's palace** See note on 4:11.
|
||||
[^90]: **5:1** **in the courtyard of the king's palace**. See note on 4:11.
|
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|
||||
[^91]: **5:2** **she received approval in his eyes** (**L**: *she lifted favor in his eyes* | **S**: *he was very pleased to see her*) The king was happy to see Esther. The phrase **in his eyes** uses the word **eyes** to figuratively represent seeing, and seeing is a metaphor for knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. This phrase means that King Ahasuerus decided not to kill Esther for coming into the inner court without being summoned. Translate **she received approval in his eyes** to mean King Ahasuerus thought Esther looked very attractive and was pleased to see her.
|
||||
[^91]: **5:2** **she received approval in his eyes** (**L**: *she lifted favor in his eyes* | **S**: *he was very pleased to see her*). The king was happy to see Esther. The phrase **in his eyes** uses the word **eyes** to represent seeing, and seeing figuratively is a metaphor for knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. This phrase means that King Ahasuerus decided not to kill Esther for coming into the inner court without being summoned. Translate **she received approval in his eyes** to mean King Ahasuerus thought Esther looked very attractive and was pleased to see her.
|
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[^92]: **5:2** **He held out to her the golden scepter in his hand** (**L**: *the king held out to Esther the scepter of gold that was in his hand* | **S**: *he held out his golden scepter to her, {to show that she could safely approach him}*) The king held out the gold scepter when he saw Esther. The symbolic act of holding out **the golden scepter** showed that Esther had been pardoned. The king decided to pardon her unscheduled visit. Translate **He held out to her the golden scepter in his hand** to mean he held out to her the golden scepter in his hand to show that he had pardoned Esther.
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[^93]: **5:3** **Up to half of my kingdom, it will be given to you** (**L**: *As much as half of the kingdom, and let it be given to you* | **S**: *I will give you anything you ask for, no matter how great it is*) The king told Esther that he would give her up to half his kingdom if she asked. The idiom **up to half of my kingdom, it will be given to you** is a way of saying I will grant anything that you request. The king was not actually offering to give Esther half of his kingdom. This willingness to grant Esther's request showed how much the king favored Esther, and the favor of God upon the Jews. God cares for his people, even when they don't deserve it. He is a loving God full of mercy and grace. Translate **Up to half of my kingdom, it will be given to you** to mean I will give you anything you request, no matter how great it is.
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||||
[^93]: **5:3** **Up to half of my kingdom, it will be given to you** (**L**: *As much as half of the kingdom, and let it be given to you* | **S**: *I will give you anything you ask for, no matter how great it is*) The king told Esther that he would give her up to half his kingdom if she asked. The idiom **up to half of my kingdom, it will be given to you** is a way of saying I will grant anything that you request. The king was not actually offering to give Esther half of his kingdom. This willingness to grant Esther's request showed how much the king favored Esther and the favor of God upon the Jews. God cares for his people, even when they don't deserve it. He is a loving God full of mercy and grace. Translate **Up to half of my kingdom, it will be given to you** to mean I will give you anything you request, no matter how great it is.
|
||||
|
||||
[^94]: **5:4** **If it pleases the king** See note on 1:19 for an explanation of this phrase.
|
||||
[^94]: **5:4** **If it pleases the king**. See note on 1:19 for an explanation of this phrase.
|
||||
|
||||
[^95]: **5:4** **let the king and Haman come today to a feast that I have prepared for him** (**L**: *let the king come with Haman today to the banquet that I have made for him* | **S**: *please come with Haman today to the banquet that I have prepared for you*) At some point prior to approaching the king, Esther had prepared a banquet for Haman and King Ahasuerus. This too showed tremendous growth on the part of Esther, and a growing confidence in God's ability to save. As people take small steps of faith, their confidence in God begins to grow. Trusting in God through action is the way to start this process. Translate **let the king and Haman come today to a feast that I have prepared for him** to mean today please come with Haman to the banquet that I have already prepared for you.
|
||||
[^95]: **5:4** **let the king and Haman come today to a feast that I have prepared for him** (**L**: *let the king come with Haman today to the banquet that I have made for him* | **S**: *please come with Haman today to the banquet that I have prepared for you*). At some point before approaching the king, Esther had prepared a banquet for Haman and King Ahasuerus. This, too, showed tremendous growth on the part of Esther, and a growing confidence in God's ability to save. As people take small steps of faith, their confidence in God grows. Trusting in God through action is the way to start this process. Translate **let the king and Haman come today to a feast that I have prepared for him** to mean today please come with Haman to the banquet that I have already prepared for you.
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||||
|
||||
5 Then the king said, "Bring Haman quickly, to do what Esther has said." So the king and Haman went to the feast that Esther had prepared. 6 When the wine was being served at the feast, the king said to Esther, "What is your petition? It will be granted you. What is your request? Up to half of the kingdom, it will be granted."[^96] 7 Esther answered, "My petition and my request is this, 8 if I have found favor in the eyes of the king[^97[] and if it pleases the king to grant my petition and to honor my request, let the king and Haman come to the feast that I will prepare for you tomorrow and I will answer the king's question."
|
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|
||||
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|
@ -290,61 +290,61 @@ This narrative shows that valuing glory and honor from men, above all other thin
|
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|
||||
[^98]: **5:9** **Haman went out that day joyful and glad at heart** (**L**: *Haman went out that day joyful and pleased of heart* | **S**: *Haman was feeling very happy as he left {the banquet that day}*) Haman was happy because he had been honored at Esther's banquet along with the king. The word **joyful** and the phrase **glad at heart** mean the same thing. These terms are used together to show that Haman was very happy after attending Esther’s banquet with King Ahasuerus. Translate **Haman went out that day joyful and glad at heart** to mean Haman left the banquet feeling very good and content.
|
||||
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[^99]: **5:9** **that Mordecai neither rose up nor trembled before him with any fear** (**L**: *that he neither rose up nor trembled from him* | **S**: *Mordecai did not stand up to show respect for Haman or tremble fearfully in front of him*) Just as before, Mordecai refused to do any of the customary actions to show honor and respect to Haman when he came by. The phrase **neither rose up nor trembled before him** is a figurative way of saying showed no honor or respect for Haman according to custom. Since Mordecai was already sitting as a sign of mourning, he was expected to stand up and acknowledge Haman, as a sign of great honor and respect, when he came by. This was the reason Haman wanted Mordecai killed along with all other Jews. Mordecai's actions greatly contrasted with the honor and respect Haman received at Esther's banquet. Translate **that Mordecai neither rose up nor trembled before him with any fear** to mean that Mordecai did not stand to show honor and respect and did not fear Haman's power and authority.
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[^99]: **5:9** **that Mordecai neither rose up nor trembled before him with any fear** (**L**: *that he neither rose up nor trembled from him* | **S**: *Mordecai did not stand up to show respect for Haman or tremble fearfully in front of him*) Just as before, Mordecai refused to do any of the customary actions to show honor and respect to Haman when he came by. The phrase **neither rose up nor trembled before him** is a figurative way of saying he showed no honor or respect for Haman according to custom. Since Mordecai was already sitting as a sign of mourning, he was expected to stand up and acknowledge Haman, as a sign of great honor and respect, when he came by. This was the reason Haman wanted Mordecai killed along with all other Jews. Mordecai's actions greatly contrasted with the honor and respect Haman received at Esther's banquet. Translate **that Mordecai neither rose up nor trembled before him with any fear** to mean that Mordecai did not stand to show honor and respect and did not fear Haman's power and authority.
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[^100]: **5:9** **he was filled with rage against Mordecai** (**L**: *Haman was filled with rage on account of Mordecai* | **S**: *This made Haman furious with Mordecai*) Haman became furious with Mordecai once again because he refused to stand up when Haman came by. The good feeling Haman felt after Esther's banquet quickly disappeared. The honor and glory that comes from people does not last. When people determine their happiness, and value, based on the honor received from men, they can lash out in rage and violence when that honor is taken. See note on 3:5.
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[^100]: **5:9** **he was filled with rage against Mordecai** (**L**: *Haman was filled with rage on account of Mordecai* | **S**: *This made Haman furious with Mordecai*) Haman became furious with Mordecai once again because he refused to stand up when Haman came by. The good feeling Haman felt after Esther's banquet quickly disappeared. The honor and glory that comes from people does not last. When people determine their happiness and value based on the honor received from men, they can lash out in rage and violence when that honor is taken. See note on 3:5.
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[^101]: **5:10** **Haman restrained himself** (**L**: *Haman restrained himself* | **S**: *{even though} Haman {was so angry, he} kept himself from showing that he was angry*) Haman likely wanted to hurt Mordecai, but he kept himself under control. He kept his anger and rage hidden. The phrase **restrained himself** means he kept his anger and rage under control, instead of verbally or physically attacking Mordecai for his disrespect. The anger and rage was building inside of Haman. When anger and rage are left unresolved, they often lead to physical violence. There is a strong connection between wounded pride and anger and rage. Translate **Haman restrained himself** to mean Haman did not show how angry he was at Mordecai.
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[^101]: **5:10** **Haman restrained himself** (**L**: *Haman restrained himself* | **S**: *{even though} Haman {was so angry, he} kept himself from showing that he was angry*). Haman likely wanted to hurt Mordecai, but he kept himself under control. He kept his anger and rage hidden. The phrase **restrained himself** means he controlled his anger and rage instead of verbally or physically attacking Mordecai for his disrespect. The anger and rage were building inside of Haman. When anger and rage are left unresolved, they often lead to physical violence. There is a strong connection between wounded pride and anger and rage. Translate **Haman restrained himself** to mean Haman did not show how angry he was at Mordecai.
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[^102]: **5:11** **Haman recounted to them** (**L**: *Haman recounted to them* | **S**: *he boasted to them about*) Haman bragged to his friends and wife about all the ways he was great. The word **recounted** means boasted by listing various things. Haman told his wife and friends all the things he had accomplished, which he believed showed how much greater he was then everyone else. He bragged about his riches, number of sons, and promotions from the king. Yet, these thing weren't enough to give him peace. The only thing that gives permanent peace is relationship with God. The things and accolades of this world leave people always wanting more. Translate **Haman recounted to them** to mean Haman boasted to them.
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[^102]: **5:11** **Haman recounted to them** (**L**: *Haman recounted to them* | **S**: *he boasted to them about*) Haman bragged to his friends and wife about all the ways he was great. The word **recounted** means boasted by listing various things. Haman told his wife and friends everything he had accomplished, which he believed showed how much greater he was than everyone else. He bragged about his riches, number of sons, and promotions from the king. Yet, these things weren't enough to give him peace. The only thing that gives permanent peace is a relationship with God. The things and accolades of this world leave people always wanting more. Translate **Haman recounted to them** to mean Haman boasted to them.
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[^103]: **5:11** **the splendor of his riches** (**L**: *the glory of his wealth* | **S**: *how rich he was*) This is one of the things Haman bragged about. The phrase **splendor of this riches** means the great amount of money that Haman possessed. One of the things Haman bragged about was being rich. Translate **the splendor of his riches** to mean the many great things he owned.
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[^103]: **5:11** **the splendor of his riches** (**L**: *the glory of his wealth* | **S**: *how rich he was*). This is one of the things Haman bragged about. The phrase **splendor of this riches** means the great amount of money that Haman possessed. One of the things Haman bragged about was being rich. Translate **the splendor of his riches** to mean the many great things he owned.
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[^104]: **5:11** **the number of his many sons** (**L**: *the multitude of his sons* | **S**: *how many sons he had*) This is another one of the things Haman bragged about. The phrase **number of his many sons** means the high number of sons that Haman possessed. One of the things Haman bragged about was having lots of sons, which was a valued status among his people. Translate **the number of his many sons** to mean how many sons he had.
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[^105]: **5:11** **all the promotions by which the king honored him** (**L**: *how the king had made him great* | **S**: *how the king had promoted him many times*) This is another one of the things Haman bragged about. The phrase **all the promotions** refers to the multiple times the king has raised Haman to a higher status. He was now one of the kings top, most trusted officials. Translate **all the promotions by which the king honored him** to mean how the king had continually given him more authority.
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[^105]: **5:11** **all the promotions by which the king honored him** (**L**: *how the king had made him great* | **S**: *how the king had promoted him many times*) This is another one of the things Haman bragged about. The phrase **all the promotions** refers to the multiple times the king has raised Haman to a higher status. He was now one of the king's top, most trusted officials. Translate **all the promotions by which the king honored him** to mean how the king had continually given him more authority.
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[^106]: **5:12** **Queen Esther invited no one else but me to come with the king to the feast she prepared** (**L**: *Esther the queen did not bring anyone with the king to the banquet that she had made except me.* | **S**: *I was the only one Queen Esther invited to come with the king to a banquet that she prepared {for us today}.*) Haman emphasized that no other official had been invited to Queen Esther's banquet. The phrase **invited no one else but me** means Queen Esther invited only me. For Haman, this proved that he was the highest ranked official and that he deserved honor and respect from everyone in the kingdom. Translate **Queen Esther invited no one else but me to come with the king to the feast she prepared** to mean Queen Esther invited only me to come with the king to the banquet she prepared.
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[^106]: **5:12** **Queen Esther invited no one else but me to come with the king to the feast she prepared** (**L**: *Esther the queen did not bring anyone with the king to the banquet that she had made except me.* | **S**: *I was the only one Queen Esther invited to come with the king to a banquet that she prepared {for us today}.*) Haman emphasized that no other official had been invited to Queen Esther's banquet. The phrase **invited no one else but me** means Queen Esther invited only me. For Haman, this proved that he was the highest-ranked official and deserved honor and respect from everyone in the kingdom. Translate **Queen Esther invited no one else but me to come with the king to the feast she prepared** to mean Queen Esther invited only me to come with the king to the banquet she prepared.
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[^107]: **5:12** **Even tomorrow I am again invited by her along with the king** (**L**: *also for tomorrow, I am called by her with the king* | **S**: *she has also invited only me {to attend another banquet} with the king tomorrow*) Because Esther had invited Haman to two banquets with the king, he believed his status was higher than any other official. The phrase **I am again invited** means Queen Esther has invited me again. For Haman, nothing could have proven his unsurpassed greatness any better. Translate **Even tomorrow I am again invited by her along with the king** to mean tomorrow, Queen Esther has again invited me to another banquet along with the king.
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[^108]: **5:13** **But all this is worth nothing to me as long as I see Mordecai the Jew sitting at the king's gate** (**L**: *But all of this is not equal for me to every time that I see Mordecai the Jew sitting at the gate of the king* | **S**: *But I still cannot be happy as long as I keep seeing that Jew, Mordecai, sitting there at the king’s gate {and refusing to honor me}*) Haman said that all of his accomplishments meant nothing as long as Mordecai continued to sit at the gate and disrespect him. The phrase **all this is worth nothing to me** means I get no happiness or joy from these things. The statement **as long as I see Mordecai the Jew sitting at the king's gate** means as long as Mordecai sits at the king's gate and fails to honor me. Despite all of Haman's accomplishments, he still needed and craved honor, respect, and praise from this one Jewish man. Mordecai's refusal to give it was driving Haman mad. There is no way to have enough honor and praise from men. It only ever brings temporary satisfaction not permanent peace. Translate **But all this is worth nothing to me as long as I see Mordecai the Jew sitting at the king's gate** to mean but all of this does not make me happy because Mordecai still sits at the king's gate and refuses to honor me.
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[^108]: **5:13** **But all this is worth nothing to me as long as I see Mordecai the Jew sitting at the king's gate** (**L**: *But all of this is not equal for me to every time that I see Mordecai the Jew sitting at the gate of the king* | **S**: *But I still cannot be happy as long as I keep seeing that Jew, Mordecai, sitting there at the king’s gate {and refusing to honor me}*) Haman said that all of his accomplishments meant nothing as long as Mordecai continued to sit at the gate and disrespect him. The phrase **all this is worth nothing to me** means I get no happiness or joy from these things. The statement **as long as I see Mordecai the Jew sitting at the king's gate** means as long as Mordecai sits at the king's gate and fails to honor me. Despite all of Haman's accomplishments, he still needed and craved honor, respect, and praise from this one Jewish man. Mordecai's refusal to give it was driving Haman mad. There is no way to have enough honor and praise from men. It only ever brings temporary satisfaction, not permanent peace. Translate **But all this is worth nothing to me as long as I see Mordecai the Jew sitting at the king's gate** to mean but all of this does not make me happy because Mordecai still sits at the king's gate and refuses to honor me.
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[^109]: **5:14** **Let them make a gallows fifty cubits high** (**L**: *Let them make a pole 50 cubits high* | **S**: *Have your servants set up a pole 25 meters high*) The word **gallows** refers to a long wooden pole from which the Persians hung or impaled people. Haman's wife suggested that Haman have the king's men build one for Mordecai, so that he could be killed and Haman could have peace. Translate **Let them make a gallows fifty cubits high** to mean ask the King to command his men to make a gallows fifty cubits high.
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[^109]: **5:14** **Let them make a gallows fifty cubits high** (**L**: *Let them make a pole 50 cubits high* | **S**: *Have your servants set up a pole 25 meters high*) The word **gallows** refers to a long wooden pole from which the Persians hung or impaled people. Haman's wife suggested that Haman have the king's men build one for Mordecai so that he could be killed and Haman could have peace. Translate **Let them make a gallows fifty cubits high** to mean ask the King to command his men to make a gallows fifty cubits high.
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[^110]: **5:14** **In the morning speak to the king for them to hang Mordecai on it** (**L**: *Then tomorrow morning speak to the king and tell him that you want to hang Mordecai on it* | **S**: *Then tomorrow morning speak to the king and tell him that you want to hang Mordecai on it*) Haman's wife suggested that Haman have Mordecai executed on the gallows. The phrase **speak to the king for them to hang Mordecai on it** means ask the king to execute Mordecai on the gallows. The is the end result of Haman's rage. He planned to have Mordecai murdered even earlier than the rest of the Jews. When a person's pride is hurt, there is no limit to the damage they may inflict on others. Translate **In the morning speak to the king for them to hang Mordecai on it** to mean tomorrow morning speak to the king and request that he have his men hang Mordecai from the gallows.
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[^110]: **5:14** **In the morning speak to the king for them to hang Mordecai on it** (**L**: *Then tomorrow morning speak to the king and tell him that you want to hang Mordecai on it* | **S**: *Then tomorrow morning speak to the king and tell him that you want to hang Mordecai on it*). Haman's wife suggested that Haman have Mordecai executed on the gallows. The phrase **speak to the king for them to hang Mordecai on it** means to ask the king to execute Mordecai on the gallows. The is the end result of Haman's rage. He planned to have Mordecai murdered even earlier than the rest of the Jews. When a person's pride is hurt, there is no limit to the damage they may inflict on others. Translate **In the morning speak to the king for them to hang Mordecai on it** to mean tomorrow morning, speak to the king and request that he have his men hang Mordecai from the gallows.
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[^111]: **5:14** **Then go joyfully with the king to the feast** (**L**: *Then go with the king to the banquet joyful* | **S**: *then you can go to the banquet with the king in a good mood*) Zeresh told Haman that if he had Mordecai killed, it would return him to a good mood. The phrase **go joyfully** means go while also being happy. Haman's happiness was based on the praise he got from others. So if Haman had the one person who refused to praise him killed, he would probably return to joy. Using murder to solve problems never works in the end. It only makes things much worse, and leaves the source of the problem unresolved. Translate **Then go joyfully with the king to the feast** to mean then go to the feast with the king while in a happy mood.
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[^111]: **5:14** **Then go joyfully with the king to the feast** (**L**: *Then go with the king to the banquet joyful* | **S**: *then you can go to the banquet with the king in a good mood*) Zeresh told Haman that if he had Mordecai killed, it would return him to a good mood. The phrase **go joyfully** means go while also being happy. Haman's happiness was based on the praise he got from others. So if Haman had the one person who refused to praise him killed, he would probably return to joy. Using murder to solve problems never works in the end, and it only worsens things and leaves the source of the problem unresolved. Translate **Then go joyfully with the king to the feast** to mean then go to the feast with the king while in a happy mood.
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6:1 That night the king could not sleep.[^112] He commanded servants to bring the records of the events of his reign, and they were being read aloud to the king. 2 It was found recorded there that Mordecai had told about Bigthana and Teresh,[^113] two of the king's officials who guarded the entrance, who had tried to harm King Ahasuerus.[^114] 3 The king asked, "What was done to give honor or recognition to Mordecai for doing this?" Then the king's young men who served him said, "Nothing was done for him."[^115] 4 The king said, "Who is in the courtyard?"[^116] Now Haman had entered the outer courtyard of the king's house[^117] to speak to him about hanging Mordecai on the gallows he set up for him. 5 The king's servants said to him, "Haman is standing in the courtyard." The king said, "Let him come in." 6 When Haman entered, the king said to him, "What should be done for the man whom the king takes pleasure in honoring?" Now Haman said in his heart, "Whom would the king take pleasure in honoring more than me?"[^118] 7 Haman said to the king, "For the man whom the king takes pleasure in honoring, 8 let royal robes be brought, robes that the king has worn,[^119] and a horse that the king has ridden and on whose head is the royal crest.[^120] 9 Then let the robes and the horse be given to one of the king's most noble officials. Let them dress the man whom the king takes pleasure in honoring, and let them lead him on the horse through the city streets. Let them proclaim before him, 'This is what is done to the one whom the king takes pleasure in honoring!'"[^121]
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[^112]: **6:1** **That night the king could not sleep** (**L**: *That night the sleep of the king fled away* | **S**: *That night the king was unable to sleep*) King Ahasuerus was unable to sleep that night. This introduces a new event in the story. Use a natural way of introducing a new event in your language. It is no coincidence that the king could not sleep **that night**, nor that the record of Mordecai's heroism would be found. There is no such thing as chance. God is at work in every minor detail of life. God weaves together people and events, both small and large, to further his plan for people and the world. Translate **That night the king could not sleep** to mean that night the king was unable to sleep.
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[^112]: **6:1** **That night the king could not sleep** (**L**: *That night the sleep of the king fled away* | **S**: *That night the king was unable to sleep*). King Ahasuerus was unable to sleep that night. This introduces a new event in the story. Use a natural way of introducing a new event in your language. It is no coincidence that the king could not sleep **that night**, nor would the record of Mordecai's heroism be found. There is no such thing as chance. God is at work in every minor detail of life. God weaves together people and events, small and large, to further his plan for people and the world. Translate **That night the king could not sleep** to mean that night the king could not sleep.
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[^113]: **6:2** **Mordecai had told about Bigthana and Teresh** (**L**: *Mordecai had told about Bigthana and Teresh* | **S**: *Mordecai {had discovered their plot and} had let the king know about it*) The chronicles recorded the incident where Mordecai informed the king about a plot to take his life. Mordecai's message was relayed through Esther. The statement **Mordecai had told about Bigthana and Teresh** means Mordecai had informed the king, through Esther, about Bigthana and Teresh's plot to take his life. Translate ** Mordecai had told about Bigthana and Teresh** to mean Mordecai had relayed to the king information about Bigthana and Teresh's plan to assassinate him.
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[^113]: **6:2** **Mordecai had told about Bigthana and Teresh** (**L**: *Mordecai had told about Bigthana and Teresh* | **S**: *Mordecai {had discovered their plot and} had let the king know about it*). The chronicles recorded the incident where Mordecai informed the king about a plot to take his life. Mordecai's message was relayed through Esther. The statement **Mordecai had told about Bigthana and Teresh** means Mordecai had informed the king, through Esther, about Bigthana and Teresh's plot to take his life. Translate ** Mordecai had told about Bigthana and Teresh** to mean Mordecai had relayed to the king information about Bigthana and Teresh's plan to assassinate him.
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[^114]: **6:2** **who had tried to harm King Ahasuerus.** See note on 2:21.
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[^115]: **6:3** **Nothing was done for him** (**L**: *Not a thing has been done with him* | **S**: *No one did anything for him*) No glory or honor had been shown to Mordecai, even though he saved the king's life. The phrase **nothing was done for him** means nothing was done to show him honor for what he did for the king. Unlike Haman, Mordecai did not crave honor from men. So when he did not receive it, it did not fill him with rage. When people receive honor and glory for their achievements, they should redirect that honor to God. For without his help, no human could achieve great things. Translate **Nothing was done for him** to mean no glory and honor was shown to him for what he did.
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[^115]: **6:3** **Nothing was done for him** (**L**: *Not a thing has been done with him* | **S**: *No one did anything for him*). No glory or honor had been shown to Mordecai, even though he saved the king's life. The phrase **nothing was done for him** means nothing was done to show him honor for what he did for the king. Unlike Haman, Mordecai did not crave honor from men. So when he did not receive it, it did not fill him with rage. When people receive honor and glory for their achievements, they should redirect that honor to God. For without his help, no human could achieve great things. Translate **Nothing was done for him** to mean no glory and honor was shown to him for what he did.
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[^116]: **6:4** **Who is in the courtyard** (**L**: *Who is in the court?”* | **S**: *The king {wanted to consult someone about the best way to honor Mordecai, so he} asked, “Who is out in the courtyard?”*) The king wanted to know if there was someone there with whom he could consult about the best way to honor Mordecai. It was the king’s habit to consult his advisors on important questions. So he asked if there was anyone in the courtyard to consult with. Translate **Who is in the courtyard** to mean the king wanted to consult someone about the best way to honor Mordecai, so he asked, "who is in the courtyard."
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[^116]: **6:4** **Who is in the courtyard** (**L**: *Who is in the court?”* | **S**: *The king {wanted to consult someone about the best way to honor Mordecai, so he} asked, “Who is out in the courtyard?”*) The king wanted to know if there was someone there with whom he could consult about the best way to honor Mordecai. It was the king’s habit to consult his advisors on important questions. So he asked if there was anyone in the courtyard to consult with. Translate **Who is in the courtyard** to mean the king wanted to consult someone about the best way to honor Mordecai, so he asked, "Who is in the courtyard."
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[^117]: **6:4** **Now Haman had entered the outer courtyard of the king's house** (**L**: *Now Haman had come into the outer court of the house of the king* | **S**: *At that moment, Haman entered the outer courtyard of the king’s house*) Right at the moment when the king asked who was in the courtyard, Haman just so happened to arrive. The word **now** in this sentence means right at that moment. This perfect timing has been orchestrated by God. Right at the moment when Haman entered to have Mordecai killed, the king was looking for someone to honor Mordecai. Although humans have free will, God is the author of all human history. The timing and details of every event is under his control. Translate **Now Haman had entered the outer courtyard of the king's house** to mean right at that moment, Haman entered the outer courtyard of the king's house.
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[^117]: **6:4** **Now Haman had entered the outer courtyard of the king's house** (**L**: *Now Haman had come into the outer court of the house of the king* | **S**: *At that moment, Haman entered the outer courtyard of the king’s house*). Right at the moment when the king asked who was in the courtyard, Haman just so happened to arrive. The word **now** in this sentence means right at that moment. God has orchestrated this perfect timing. Right at the moment when Haman entered to have Mordecai killed, the king was looking for someone to honor Mordecai. Although humans have free will, God is the author of all human history. The timing and details of every event are under his control. Translate **Now Haman had entered the outer courtyard of the king's house** to mean right at that moment, Haman entered the outer courtyard of the king's house.
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[^118]: **6:6** **Whom would the king take pleasure in honoring more than me?** (**L**: *For whom would the king delight to do honor more than me?* | **S**: *Certainly I am the person whom the king would like to honor more than anyone else!*) Haman thought to himself that the king must be talking about him. He thought that there could not possibly be anyone else the king would want to honor. The rhetorical question **whom would the king take pleasure in honoring more than me?** is another way of saying there is no one else the king would want to honor more than me! Haman's thoughts revealed just how prideful he had become. Such pride has caused the downfall of many women and men. The only one worthy of honor and praise is God. Translate **Whom would the king take pleasure in honoring more than me?** to mean surely there is no one whom the king would take pleasure in honoring more than me!
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[^118]: **6:6** **Whom would the king take pleasure in honoring more than me?** (**L**: *For whom would the king delight to do honor more than me?* | **S**: *Certainly I am the person whom the king would like to honor more than anyone else!*) Haman thought to himself that the king must be talking about him. He thought there could not be anyone else the king would want to honor. The rhetorical question **whom would the king take pleasure in honoring more than me?** is another way of saying there is no one else the king would want to honor more than me! Haman's thoughts revealed just how prideful he had become. Such pride has caused the downfall of many women and men. The only one worthy of honor and praise is God. Translate **Whom would the king take pleasure in honoring more than me?** to mean surely there is no one whom the king would take pleasure in honoring more than me!
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[^119]: **6:8** **let royal robes be brought, robes that the king has worn** (**L**: *let them bring a garment of royalty with which the king has clothed himself* | **S**: *tell your servants to bring one of your own royal robes that you have already worn yourself*) Haman advised the king to clothe the one he intended to honor with robes that the king had worn. The statement **let royal robes be brought** means have your men bring royal robes. These are the things Haman associates with honor. But true honor only comes from being a child of God. It is based on God not on the accomplishments of men. Translate **let royal robes be brought, robes that the king has worn** to mean have your servants bring robes that the king has worn.
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[^120]: **6:8** **a horse that the king has ridden and on whose head is the royal crest** (**L**: *a horse on which the king has ridden and which has been given a crown of royalty for its head* | **S**: *a horse that you have already ridden yourself and put a royal crown on its head {to show that it belongs to you}*) Haman advised the king to let the one he intended to honor ride a horse that the king had ridden, and that was wearing a royal crown on its head. The phrase **royal crest** means royal crown. This would show that the horse belonged to the king. Because Haman thought the one to be honored was him, he listed all the things he would want done to him. He wanted the same honor bestowed on him as the king himself. Translate **a horse that the king has ridden and on whose head is the royal crest** to mean a horse that the king has ridden that has a royal crown on its head to show that it belongs to you.
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[^120]: **6:8** **a horse that the king has ridden and on whose head is the royal crest** (**L**: *a horse on which the king has ridden and which has been given a crown of royalty for its head* | **S**: *a horse that you have already ridden yourself and put a royal crown on its head {to show that it belongs to you}*) Haman advised the king to let the one he intended to honor ride a horse that the king had ridden, and that was wearing a royal crown on its head. The phrase **royal crest** means royal crown. This would show that the horse belonged to the king. Because Haman thought the one to be honored was him, he listed everything he would want done to him. He wanted the same honor bestowed on him as the king himself. Translate **a horse that the king has ridden and on whose head is the royal crest** to mean a horse that the king has ridden that has a royal crown on its head to show that it belongs to you.
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[^121]: **6:9** **This is what is done to the one whom the king takes pleasure in honoring** (**L**: *Thus shall it be done for the man whom the king delights to honor!’* | **S**: *The king is doing this because he really wants to honor this man!’*) Haman also said that one of the king's top officials should dress the honored man, lead him on the horse, and shout these words of praise as he led him. Haman does not realize that he will be the official given this task. Pride often comes before a great, often embarrassing fall. Trying to be the greatest is an endless task that eventually always fails. Translate **This is what is done to the one whom the king takes pleasure in honoring** to mean the king is doing this because he wants to greatly honor this man!
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[^121]: **6:9** **This is what is done to the one whom the king takes pleasure in honoring** (**L**: *Thus shall it be done for the man whom the king delights to honor!’* | **S**: *The king is doing this because he really wants to honor this man!’*) Haman also said that one of the king's top officials should dress the honored man, lead him on the horse, and shout these words of praise as he led him. Haman does not realize that he will be the official given this task. Pride often comes before a great, often embarrassing fall. Trying to be the greatest is an endless task that eventually always fails. Translate **This is what is done to the one whom the king takes pleasure in honoring** to mean the king is doing this because he wants to honor this man greatly!
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10 Then the king said to Haman, "Hurry, take the robes and the horse, as you have said, and do this for Mordecai the Jew who sits at the king's gate. Do not fail in a single matter of what you have said."[^122] 11 Then Haman took the robe and the horse. He dressed Mordecai and led him on the horse through the city streets. He proclaimed before him, "This is what is done for a man whom the king takes pleasure in honoring!" 12 Mordecai returned to the king's gate. But Haman hurried to his house, mourning, with his head covered.[^123] 13 Haman told Zeresh his wife and all his friends everything that happened to him. Then his men who were known for their wisdom, and Zeresh his wife, said to him, "If Mordecai, before whom you have begun to fall, is Jewish, you will not overcome him, but you will certainly fall before him."[^124] 14 While they were talking with him, the king's officials arrived. They hurried to bring Haman to the feast that Esther had prepared.
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[^122]: **6:10** **Do not fail in a single matter of what you have said** (**L**: *Do not allow a word to fall of all that you have spoken* | **S**: *Make sure that you do absolutely everything that you have said*) The king told Haman that he was the official that was assigned to perform these tasks, and that the man to be honored was Mordecai the Jew. The statement **do not fail in a single matter of what you have said** means do every single thing you suggested. This was likely the most humiliating day of Haman's life. Those who have great pride in themselves will eventually be humbled, either in this life, or at the judgment to come. Translate **Do not fail in a single matter of what you have said** to mean do every single thing that you advised me to do.
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[^122]: **6:10** **Do not fail in a single matter of what you have said** (**L**: *Do not allow a word to fall of all that you have spoken* | **S**: *Make sure that you do absolutely everything that you have said*) The king told Haman that he was the official that was assigned to perform these tasks, and that the man to be honored was Mordecai the Jew. The statement **do not fail in a single matter of what you have said** means do everything you suggested. This was likely the most humiliating day of Haman's life. Those with great pride in themselves will eventually be humbled, either in this life or at the judgment to come. Translate **Do not fail in a single matter of what you have said** to mean do every single thing that you advised me to do.
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[^123]: **6:12** **Haman hurried to his house, mourning, with his head covered** (**L**: *Haman hurried to his house, mourning with a covering of head* | **S**: *Haman hurried to his house, covering {his} head {because he felt so} humiliated*) Haman was deeply humiliated because he had to personally honor Mordecai, his enemy, in public. People often covered their heads to show that they were either extremely sad or ashamed. Haman was embarrassed and ashamed because he had to honor Mordecai. Translate **Haman hurried to his house, mourning, with his head covered** to mean Haman hurried to his house where he could continue to mourn, covering his head because he felt completely disgraced.
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[^123]: **6:12** **Haman hurried to his house, mourning, with his head covered** (**L**: *Haman hurried to his house, mourning with a covering of head* | **S**: *Haman hurried to his house, covering {his} head {because he felt so} humiliated*). Haman was deeply humiliated because he had to personally honor Mordecai, his enemy, publicly. People often covered their heads to show they were either extremely sad or ashamed. Haman was embarrassed and ashamed because he had to honor Mordecai. Translate **Haman hurried to his house, mourning, with his head covered** to mean Haman hurried to his house where he could continue to mourn, covering his head because he felt utterly disgraced.
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[^124]: **6:13** **If Mordecai, before whom you have begun to fall, is Jewish, you will not overcome him, but you will certainly fall before him** (**L**: *If Mordecai, before whose face you have begun to fall, is from the seed of the Jews, then you will not prevail against him, but you will surely fall before his face* | **S**: *Mordecai has begun to defeat you. Since he is one of the Jewish people, you will not win against him. Instead, he will certainly defeat you*) Haman's wife told him that he could not defeat Mordecai, because Mordecai was a Jew. The phrase **before whom you have begun to fall** means who is starting to defeat you. The statement **you will not overcome him** means you will not defeat him. The statement you will certainly fall before him means **he will certainly defeat you in the end.** These are remarkable statements coming from a non-Jewish person. But even at that time, Yahweh's continual deliverance of the Jews had become known. God promised Abraham that he would curse the enemies of him and his descendants, and that he would bless those who showed them favor. The plans of Yahweh cannot be stopped and his promises never fail. He will protect and preserve the Jews until Christ returns. Translate **If Mordecai, before whom you have begun to fall, is Jewish, you will not overcome him, but you will certainly fall before him** to mean if Mordecai, who is already defeating you, is a Jew, you will not defeat him; instead, he will certainly defeat you.
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[^124]: **6:13** **If Mordecai, before whom you have begun to fall, is Jewish, you will not overcome him, but you will certainly fall before him** (**L**: *If Mordecai, before whose face you have begun to fall, is from the seed of the Jews, then you will not prevail against him, but you will surely fall before his face* | **S**: *Mordecai has begun to defeat you. Since he is one of the Jewish people, you will not win against him. Instead, he will certainly defeat you*). Haman's wife told him that he could not defeat Mordecai because Mordecai was a Jew. The phrase **before whom you have begun to fall** means who is starting to defeat you. The statement **you will not overcome him** means you will not defeat him. The statement you will certainly fall before him means **he will certainly defeat you in the end.** These are remarkable statements coming from a non-Jewish person. But even at that time, Yahweh's continual deliverance of the Jews had become known. God promised Abraham that he would curse the enemies of him and his descendants and bless those who showed them favor. The plans of Yahweh cannot be stopped, and his promises never fail. He will protect and preserve the Jews until Christ returns. Translate **If Mordecai, before whom you have begun to fall, is Jewish, you will not overcome him, but you will certainly fall before him** to mean if Mordecai, who is already defeating you, is a Jew, you will not defeat him; instead, he will certainly defeat you.
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7:1 So the king and Haman went to feast with Queen Esther. 2 On this second day, while they were serving wine, the king said to Esther, "What is your petition, Queen Esther? It will be granted to you. What is your request? Up to half of the kingdom, and it will be granted."[^125] 3 Then Queen Esther replied, "If I have found favor in your eyes,[^126] king, and if it pleases you,[^127] let my life be given to me—this is my petition,[^] and I request this also for my people.[^128] 4 For we have been sold, I and my people, to be destroyed, killed, and annihilated.[^129] If we had only been sold into slavery, as male and female slaves, I would have kept quiet, for no such distress as this would justify disturbing the king."[^130] 5 Then King Ahasuerus said to Esther the queen, "Who is he? Where is this person to be found who has filled his heart to do such a thing?"[^131] 6 Esther said, "The hostile man, that enemy, is this evil Haman!"[^132] Then Haman was terrified before the king and the queen. 7 The king got up in a rage[^133] from the wine-drinking at the feast and went into the palace garden, but Haman stayed to beg for his life from Queen Esther.[^134] He saw that disaster was being decided against him by the king.[^135] 8 Then the king returned from the palace garden into the room where the wine had been served. Haman had just fallen on the couch where Esther was.[^136] The king said, "Will he assault the queen in my presence in my own house?"[^137] As soon as this sentence came out of the king's mouth, the servants covered Haman's face.[^138] 9 Then Harbona, one of the officials who served the king, said, "A gallows fifty cubits tall stands beside Haman's house. He set it up for Mordecai, the one who spoke up to protect the king." The king said, "Hang him on it."[^139] 10 So they hanged Haman on the gallows that he had prepared for Mordecai. Then the king's rage abated.[^140]
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@ -354,71 +354,71 @@ This narrative shows that valuing glory and honor from men, above all other thin
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[^127]: **7:3** **if it pleases you.** See note on 1:19 for an explanation of this phrase.
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[^128]: **7:3** **let my life be given to me—this is my petition and I request this also for my people** (**L**: *let my life be given to me at my petition and my people at my request* | **S**: *Please allow me to live, and please save my people. That is what I am asking for*) Queen Esther asked the king to spare her life and the life of her people, the Jews. The request **let my life be given to me** means spare or save my life. The word **petition** means earnest request. This is the request that Esther has withheld from the king until now. The statement **I request this also for my people** means spare the life of my people as well. Esther boldly asked the king to save her life and the lives of the Jews, even though this would cause him to revoke his signed decree. Translate **let my life be given to me—this is my petition and I request this also for my people** to mean please spare my life—this is my request—and please spare the lives of my people as well.
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[^128]: **7:3** **let my life be given to me—this is my petition and I request this also for my people** (**L**: *let my life be given to me at my petition and my people at my request* | **S**: *Please allow me to live, and please save my people. That is what I am asking for*) Queen Esther asked the king to spare her life and the life of her people, the Jews. The request **let my life be given to me** means sparing or saving my life. The word **petition** means earnest request. This is the request that Esther has withheld from the king until now. The statement **I request this also for my people** means spare the life of my people as well. Esther boldly asked the king to save her life and the lives of the Jews, even though this would cause him to revoke his signed decree. Translate **let my life be given to me—this is my petition and I request this also for my people** to mean please spare my life—this is my request—and please spare the lives of my people as well.
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[^129]: **7:4** **For we have been sold, I and my people, to be destroyed, killed, and annihilated** (**L**: *For we have been sold, I and my people, for annihilation, for slaughter, and for destruction* | **S**: *{I am appealing to you} because someone has turned my people and me over {to our enemies}, and they are going to destroy us completely*) Esther informed the king that someone had paid money to ensure that the enemies of the Jews would totally annihilate them. The statement **we have been sold...to be destroyed, killed, and annihilated** means someone has paid money to make sure that we are killed. The words **destroyed, killed, and annihilated** all mean the same thing here. They are placed together to emphasize the completeness of the destruction. Esther had not yet told the king who this person was. She wanted to first convey the urgency of the matter, and the great evil that was about to take place. When God's people are in tough moments, and they must take a stand, God has promised to be with them, and empower them to do his will. Translate **For we have been sold, I and my people, to be destroyed, killed, and annihilated** to mean someone has paid money so that I and my people would be completely wiped out.
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[^129]: **7:4** **For we have been sold, I and my people, to be destroyed, killed, and annihilated** (**L**: *For we have been sold, I and my people, for annihilation, for slaughter, and for destruction* | **S**: *{I am appealing to you} because someone has turned my people and me over {to our enemies}, and they are going to destroy us completely*). Esther informed the king that someone had paid money to ensure that the enemies of the Jews would totally annihilate them. The statement **we have been sold...to be destroyed, killed, and annihilated** means someone has paid money to ensure we are killed. The words **destroyed, killed, and annihilated** all mean the same thing here. They are placed together to emphasize the completeness of the destruction. Esther had not yet told the king who this person was. She wanted to first convey the urgency of the matter and the great evil that was about to take place. When God's people are in challenging moments and must take a stand, God has promised to be with them and empower them to do his will. Translate **For we have been sold, I and my people, to be destroyed, killed, and annihilated** to mean someone has paid money so that I and my people would be completely wiped out.
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[^130]: **7:4** **for no such distress as this would justify disturbing the king** (**L**: *because the distress would not have been equal to a burden of the king* | **S**: *because that would not have been important enough to bother you, the king, with that*) Esther told the king that she would not have bothered him with her request, if it was not so urgent. She said that even if the Jews had been sold into slavery, that would not be enough to make her disturb the king. By making this comparison to slavery, Esther emphasized the urgency of the matter at hand. The annihilation of the Jews was an act so horrifying that it justified disturbing the king. Translate **for no such distress as this would justify disturbing the king** to mean because not even the Jews being sold into slavery would be important enough to justify disturbing you in this way.
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[^130]: **7:4** **for no such distress as this would justify disturbing the king** (**L**: *because the distress would not have been equal to a burden of the king* | **S**: *because that would not have been important enough to bother you, the king, with that*) Esther told the king that she would not have bothered him with her request if it was not so urgent. She said that even if the Jews had been sold into slavery, that would not be enough to make her disturb the king. By comparing this to slavery, Esther emphasized the urgency of the matter at hand. The annihilation of the Jews was an act so horrifying that it justified disturbing the king. Translate **for no such distress as this would justify disturbing the king** to mean that not even the Jews being sold into slavery would be important enough to justify disturbing you in this way.
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[^131]: **7:5** **Where is this person to be found who has filled his heart to do such a thing** (**L**: *Where is this man, he whose heart is full to do thus?”* | **S**: *Where is the man who has dared to do such a thing?*) The king asked Esther for the identity of the person responsible for the plan to kill all the Jews. The phrase **who has filled his heart to do such a thing** is a way of saying has decided to do this. The king seemed to think what Esther described was evil, and now he wanted to know who was to blame. Translate **Where is this person to be found who has filled his heart to do such a thing** to mean where is the person who is responsible for this plan?
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[^131]: **7:5** **Where is this person to be found who has filled his heart to do such a thing** (**L**: *Where is this man, he whose heart is full to do this?”* | **S**: *Where is the man who has dared to do such a thing?*) The king asked Esther for the identity of the person responsible for the plan to kill all the Jews. The phrase **who has filled his heart to do such a thing** is a way of saying he has decided to do this. The king seemed to think what Esther described was evil, and now he wanted to know who was to blame. Translate **Where is this person to be found who has filled his heart to do such a thing** to mean where is the person responsible for this plan?
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[^132]: **7:6** **The hostile man, that enemy, is this evil Haman!** (**L**: *A man, an adversary, and an enemy—this evil Haman!* | **S**: *The man who is our bitter enemy is this evil man Haman!”*) Queen Esther told the king that Haman was the evil man responsible for the plot to kill the Jews. The phrases **hostile man** and **enemy** mean the same thing. They are both used for emphasis. Queen Esther told the king who was responsible for the plot, and also what she thought of that person. She called Haman evil, and said he was an enemy of the Jews. Enemies of the Jews are enemies of God. Such foes will never prevail over God's chosen people. Translate **The hostile man, that enemy, is this evil Haman!** to mean the man who is our bitter enemy is this evil man Haman!
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[^132]: **7:6** **The hostile man, that enemy, is this evil Haman!** (**L**: *A man, an adversary, and an enemy—this evil Haman!* | **S**: *The man who is our bitter enemy is this evil man Haman!”*) Queen Esther told the king that Haman was the evil man responsible for the plot to kill the Jews. The phrases **hostile man** and **enemy** mean the same thing. They are both used for emphasis. Queen Esther told the king who was responsible for the plot and what she thought of that person. She called Haman evil and said he was an enemy of the Jews. Enemies of the Jews are enemies of God. Such foes will never prevail over God's chosen people. Translate **The hostile man, that enemy, is this evil Haman!** to mean the man who is our bitter enemy is this evil man Haman!
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[^133]: **7:7** **The king got up in a rage** (**L**: *the king rose up in his rage* | **S**: *The king became so angry that he got up*) The king was furious at Haman and what he did. He most likely felt that he was tricked by Haman, although Haman did not know Esther was a Jew. The phrase **got up in a rage** means the king was so filled with rage that he got up and left the place where they were eating and drinking. The evil edict was issued because of Haman's rage. Now Haman would face the rage of the king. Evil acts and violence have a way of coming back to the person who does them. God will avenge all evil and make all things right in the end. Translate **The king got up in a rage** to mean the king was extremely angry and got up.
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[^133]: **7:7** **The king got up in a rage** (**L**: *the king rose up in his rage* | **S**: *The king became so angry that he got up*). The king was furious at Haman and what he did. He most likely felt that Haman tricked him, although Haman did not know Esther was a Jew. The phrase **got up in a rage** means the king was so filled with rage that he got up and left the place where they were eating and drinking. The evil edict was issued because of Haman's rage. Now Haman would face the rage of the king. Evil acts and violence have a way of returning to the person who does them. God will avenge all evil and make all things right in the end. Translate **The king got up in a rage** to mean the king was extremely angry and got up.
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[^134]: **7:7** **Haman stayed to beg for his life from Queen Esther** (**L**: *Haman remained in order to seek for his life from Esther the queen* | **S**: *Haman stayed {inside} to beg Queen Esther to save his life*) Haman pleaded with Esther to ask the king to spare his life. The phrase **beg for his life** means beg Esther to tell the king not to execute him. First Esther begged the king to spare the life of the Jews. Now Haman begged Esther to spare his life. Those who use violence to carry out their plans often die violent deaths themselves. Translate **Haman stayed to beg for his life from Queen Esther** to mean Haman pleaded with Esther to have his life spared.
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[^134]: **7:7** **Haman stayed to beg for his life from Queen Esther** (**L**: *Haman remained in order to seek for his life from Esther the queen* | **S**: *Haman stayed {inside} to beg Queen Esther to save his life*). Haman pleaded with Esther to ask the king to spare his life. The phrase **beg for his life** means to beg Esther to tell the king not to execute him. First, Esther begged the king to spare the life of the Jews. Now Haman begged Esther to spare his life. Those who use violence to carry out their plans often die violent deaths themselves. Translate **Haman stayed to beg for his life from Queen Esther** to mean Haman pleaded with Esther to have his life spared.
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[^135]: **7:7** **He saw that disaster was being decided against him by the king** (**L**: *he saw that evil was determined against him by the king* | **S**: *he recognized that the king wanted to execute him*) Haman knew that the king was planning to execute him. Only Esther could possibly save his life. The statement **disaster was being decided against him by the king** means the king had decided to destroy him. Translate **He saw that disaster was being decided against him by the king** to mean he knew that the king had decided to kill him.
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[^135]: **7:7** **He saw that disaster was being decided against him by the king** (**L**: *he saw that evil was determined against him by the king* | **S**: *he recognized that the king wanted to execute him*). Haman knew that the king was planning to execute him. Only Esther could possibly save his life. The statement **disaster was being decided against him by the king** means the king had decided to destroy him. Translate **He saw that disaster was being decided against him by the king** to mean he knew that the king had decided to kill him.
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[^136]: **7:8** **Haman had just fallen on the couch where Esther was** (**L**: *Haman was fallen on the couch on which Esther was* | **S**: *Haman knelt down very close to Esther as she was {reclining} on a {banqueting} couch*) Haman knelt down very close to the queen and continued to beg for his life. The phrase **had just fallen on the couch** means that as Haman was begging for his life, he was not standing up; he had suddenly come down very close to Esther as she was reclining on a couch. From the impression that the king got when he returned, it is very possible that Haman was even grabbing her arms or shoulders or feet as he pleaded for his life. Translate **Haman had just fallen on the couch where Esther was** to mean Haman had thrown himself down on the couch where Esther was reclining as he was begging Esther to spare his life.
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[^136]: **7:8** **Haman had just fallen on the couch where Esther was** (**L**: *Haman was fallen on the couch on which Esther was* | **S**: *Haman knelt down very close to Esther as she was {reclining} on a {banqueting} couch*) Haman knelt down very close to the queen and continued to beg for his life. The phrase **had just fallen on the couch** means that as Haman was begging for his life, he was not standing up; he had suddenly come down very close to Esther as she was reclining on a couch. From the impression that the king got when he returned, it is very possible that Haman was even grabbing her arms, shoulders, or feet as he pleaded for his life. Translate **Haman had just fallen on the couch where Esther was** to mean Haman had thrown himself down on the couch where Esther was reclining as he was begging Esther to spare his life.
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[^137]: **7:8** **Will he assault the queen in my presence in my own house?** (**L**: *Is it also to subdue the queen with me in the house?* | **S**: *He is even trying to rape the queen in my presence and in my own house!*) The king accused Haman of trying to assault the queen in his own house. The question **will he assault the queen** means how dare he assault the queen. The king rebuked Haman's actions using a question. Although humans are making decisions in this narrative, God is making decisions as well. He has brought judgment upon Haman for his actions. Haman wanted Mordecai, the Jew, to bow down in his presence. Now Haman bows down to Esther. God opposes the proud, but he also shows grace to the humble. Translate **Will he assault the queen in my presence in my own house?** to mean how dare he attempt to rape the queen in my own house while I'm right here.
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[^138]: **7:8** **the servants covered Haman's face** (**L**: *they covered the face of Haman* | **S**: *{some of his servants} covered Haman’s face {as a sign that he would be executed}*) The king's servants covered Haman's face. This was customary for those who were to be executed. Translate **the servants covered Haman's face** to mean some of his servants covered Haman’s face because he was going to be executed.
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[^139]: **7:9** **Hang him on it** (**L**: *Hang him on it”* | **S**: *Hang Haman on it!”*) The king commanded his men to hang Haman on the very pole he had set up for Mordecai. Little did he know, he set up the pole on which he himself would be killed. The phrase **hang him** means hang or impale Haman. The irony of these events are not the result of fate or chance. God brings about the destruction of the wicked, and the salvation of his people, according to his sovereign will. Translate **Hang him on it** to mean hang Haman on the gallows that he created.
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[^139]: **7:9** **Hang him on it** (**L**: *Hang him on it”* | **S**: *Hang Haman on it!”*) The king commanded his men to hang Haman on the very pole he had set up for Mordecai. Little did he know, he set up the pole on which he himself would be killed. The phrase **hang him** means to hang or impale Haman. The irony of these events is not the result of fate or chance. God brings about the destruction of the wicked and the salvation of his people, according to his sovereign will. Translate **Hang him on it** to mean hang Haman on the gallows he created.
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[^140]: **7:10** **Then the king's rage abated** (**L**: *the rage of the king subsided* | **S**: *the king stopped being so angry*) After executing Haman, the king was no longer angry. The statement **the king's rage abated** figuratively compares the king’s anger to floodwaters, which can cause great destruction. Translate **Then the king's rage abated** to mean after executing Haman, the king calmed down.
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[^140]: **7:10** **Then the king's rage abated** (**L**: *the rage of the king subsided* | **S**: *the king stopped being so angry*). After executing Haman, the king was no longer angry. The statement **the king's rage abated** figuratively compares the king’s anger to floodwaters, which can cause great destruction. Translate **Then the king's rage abated** to mean after executing Haman, the king calmed down.
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8:1 On that day King Ahasuerus gave Queen Esther the property of Haman,[^141] the enemy of the Jews, and Mordecai began to serve before the king, for Esther told the king how Mordecai was related to her. 2 The king took off his signet ring, which he had taken back from Haman, and gave it to Mordecai.[^142] Esther designated Mordecai to be in charge of Haman's estate.
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[^141]: **8:1** **On that day King Ahasuerus gave Queen Esther the property of Haman** (**L**: *On that day, the king Ahasuerus gave to Esther the queen the house of Haman* | **S**: *That same day, King Ahasuerus gave Queen Esther all the property that had belonged to Haman*) King Ahasuerus gave Queen Esther all of Haman's property and possessions. This is another reversal brought about by God, for king's usually confiscated the land of convicted criminals. Translate **On that day King Ahasuerus gave Queen Esther the property of Haman** to mean on that day, the king transferred all of Haman's properties to Queen Esther.
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[^141]: **8:1** **On that day King Ahasuerus gave Queen Esther the property of Haman** (**L**: *On that day, the king Ahasuerus gave to Esther the queen the house of Haman* | **S**: *That same day, King Ahasuerus gave Queen Esther all the property that had belonged to Haman*) King Ahasuerus gave Queen Esther all of Haman's property and possessions. This is another reversal brought about by God, for kings usually confiscated the land of convicted criminals. Translate **On that day King Ahasuerus gave Queen Esther the property of Haman** to mean on that day, the king transferred all of Haman's properties to Queen Esther.
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[^142]: **8:2** **The king took off his signet ring, which he had taken back from Haman, and gave it to Mordecai** (**L**: *the king removed his signet ring, which he had caused to pass from Haman, and he gave it to Mordecai* | **S**: *the king took back from Haman the ring that had the king’s official seal on it {and the king was wearing it again.} The king now took the ring off and gave it to Mordecai, {to show that Mordecai would have the power to act with the king’s authority.*) The king promoted Mordecai because of his relationship with Esther. This is another reversal brought about by God. What Haman fought so hard to achieve, God gave to Mordecai without effort. He now possessed the power to act with the king's authority, just as Haman had before his fall. People should trust God for their success in life, instead of forcing success by deceit or other evil means. If we trust in the Lord, he will direct our paths. Translate **The king took off his signet ring, which he had taken back from Haman, and gave it to Mordecai** to mean the king now gave this ring to Mordecai to show that Mordecai had the power to act on the authority of the king.
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[^142]: **8:2** **The king took off his signet ring, which he had taken back from Haman, and gave it to Mordecai** (**L**: *the king removed his signet ring, which he had caused to pass from Haman, and he gave it to Mordecai* | **S**: *the king took back from Haman the ring that had the king’s official seal on it {and the king was wearing it again.} The king now took the ring off and gave it to Mordecai, {to show that Mordecai would have the power to act with the king’s authority.*) The king promoted Mordecai because of his relationship with Esther. This is another reversal brought about by God. What Haman fought so hard to achieve, God gave to Mordecai without effort. He now possessed the power to act with the king's authority, just as Haman had before his fall. People should trust God for their success in life instead of forcing success by deceit or other evil means. If we trust in the Lord, he will direct our paths. Translate **The king took off his signet ring, which he had taken back from Haman, and gave it to Mordecai** to mean the king now gave this ring to Mordecai to show that Mordecai had the power to act on the authority of the king.
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3 Then Esther spoke again to the king. She lay facedown on the ground and wept as she pleaded with him to put an end to the evil plan of Haman the Agagite,[^143] to the scheme that he had devised against the Jews. 4 Then the king held out the golden scepter to Esther,[^144] she arose and stood before the king. 5 She said, "If it pleases the king, and if I have found favor in your eyes, if the thing seems right before the king, and I am pleasing in your eyes, let a decree be written to revoke the letters written by Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite,[^145] the letters that he wrote to destroy the Jews who are in all the king's provinces. 6 For how could I bear to see disaster fall on my people?[^146] How could I endure watching the destruction of my relatives?"[^147] 7 King Ahasuerus said to Queen Esther and to Mordecai the Jew, "Look, I have given Esther the house of Haman, and they have hanged him on the gallows, because he was going to attack the Jews. 8 Write another decree for the Jews in the name of the king and seal it with the king's ring.[^148] For the decree that has already been written in the king's name and sealed with the king's ring cannot be revoked."
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[^143]: **8:3** **She lay facedown on the ground and wept as she pleaded with him to put an end to the evil plan of Haman the Agagite** (**L**: *She fell before the face of his feet and wept and implored favor from him to take away the evil of Haman the Agagite and his plot* | **S**: *Esther knelt down and put her face right on top of his feet. She cried as she begged him to stop the terrible plan of Haman the Agagite*) Esther pleaded with the king to revoke the edict that Haman had sent to the provinces. She wanted the king to stop Haman's plan to kill the Jews. To **lay facedown on the grown** is a symbolic action which shows reverence and respect. Esther showed the king great respect as she begged him to spare the Jews' lives. Esther was not only concerned with her own life, and Mordecai's, but with the lives of all the Jews as well. This is another example of her growth and her increased faith in God. Godly leaders place the needs of others above their own needs and desires. They have a servant's heart, like the Lord Jesus himself. Translate **She lay facedown on the ground and wept as she pleaded with him to put an end to the evil plan of Haman the Agagite** to mean she lay facedown on the ground as an act of respect and wept as she begged for the king to stop the evil plan of Haman the Agagite.
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[^143]: **8:3** **She lay facedown on the ground and wept as she pleaded with him to put an end to the evil plan of Haman the Agagite** (**L**: *She fell before the face of his feet and wept and implored favor from him to take away the evil of Haman the Agagite and his plot* | **S**: *Esther knelt down and put her face right on top of his feet. She cried as she begged him to stop the terrible plan of Haman the Agagite*). Esther pleaded with the king to revoke the edict that Haman had sent to the provinces. She wanted the king to stop Haman's plan to kill the Jews. To **lay facedown on the grown** is a symbolic action that shows reverence and respect. Esther showed the king great respect, begging him to spare the Jews' lives. Esther was not only concerned with her own life and Mordecai's but with the lives of all the Jews as well. This is another example of her growth and her increased faith in God. Godly leaders place the needs of others above their own needs and desires. They have a servant's heart, like the Lord Jesus himself. Translate **She lay facedown on the ground and wept as she pleaded with him to put an end to the evil plan of Haman the Agagite** to mean she lay facedown on the ground as an act of respect and wept as she begged for the king to stop the evil plan of Haman the Agagite.
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[^144]: **8:4** **the king held out the golden scepter to Esther.** See notes on 4:11 and 5:2.
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[^145]: **8:5** **let a decree be written to revoke the letters written by Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite** (**L**: *let it be written to bring back the letters, the plot of Haman* | **S**: *please write a new letter revoking the letters that Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, sent out*) Esther respectfully asked the king to issue a decree that would nullify the letters sent by Haman. The word **revoke** means to cancel or to make void. Esther wanted the letters canceled before any Jews were killed. Translate **let a decree be written to revoke the letters written by Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite** to mean please make a new law to cancel what Haman decreed.
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[^146]: **8:6** **how could I bear to see disaster fall on my people?** (**L**: *how could I bear to see the evil that my people would find?* | **S**: *I cannot bear to see the terrible thing that is about to happen to my people.*) Esther told the king that she could not watch and do nothing while her people were destroyed because of Haman's letter. The word **bear** means to endure. The phrase **disaster fall on my people** means my people be destroyed. Esther is actually making a statement, but she expresses herself in question form to show how strongly she feels about what she is saying. She does not actually expect the king to tell her how she could bear seeing her people destroyed. Translate **how could I bear to see disaster fall on my people?** to mean I cannot bear to see disaster fall on the Jews.
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[^146]: **8:6** **how could I bear to see disaster fall on my people?** (**L**: *how could I bear to see the evil that my people would find?* | **S**: *I cannot bear to see the terrible thing that is about to happen to my people.*) Esther told the king she could not watch and do nothing while Haman's letter destroyed her people. The word **bear** means to endure. The phrase **disaster fall on my people** means my people to be destroyed. Esther is actually making a statement but expresses herself in question form to show how strongly she feels about what she is saying. She does not actually expect the king to tell her how she could bear seeing her people destroyed. Translate **how could I bear to see disaster fall on my people?** to mean I cannot bear to see disaster fall on the Jews.
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[^147]: **8:6** **How could I endure watching the destruction of my relatives?** (**L**: *how could I bear seeing the destruction of my kindred?”* | **S**: *They are my kindred. I cannot bear to see people destroy them*) Esther told the king that she could not watch and do nothing while her people were destroyed because of Haman's letter. The word **bear** means to endure. This and the previous sentences basically mean the same thing. Esther uses the repetition to emphasize the importance of what she is saying. She informed the king that it would be impossible for her to sit by as her people were slaughter. This is the reason she made her plea. If we take a small step of faith, God will give us what we need to speak boldly to others for his glory. Translate **How could I endure watching the destruction of my relatives?** to mean I cannot bear to see the Jews being destroyed.
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[^147]: **8:6** **How could I endure watching the destruction of my relatives?** (**L**: *how could I bear seeing the destruction of my kindred?”* | **S**: *They are my kindred. I cannot bear to see people destroy them*) Esther told the king that she could not watch and do nothing while her people were destroyed because of Haman's letter. The word **bear** means to endure. This and the previous sentences basically mean the same thing. Esther uses repetition to emphasize the importance of what she is saying. She informed the king that it would be impossible for her to sit by as her people were slaughtered. This is the reason she made her plea. If we take a small step of faith, God will give us what we need to speak boldly to others for his glory. Translate **How could I endure watching the destruction of my relatives?** to mean I cannot bear to see the Jews being destroyed.
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[^148]: **8:8** **Write another decree for the Jews in the name of the king and seal it with the king's ring** (**L**: *you write for the Jews as is good in your eyes, and seal it with the signet ring of the king* | **S**: *Write {a new letter} to help the Jews, as you think best. {I give you permission to} put my name on it and to seal {the letter} with the ring that has my official seal on it*) The king told Esther and Mordecai to write another decree that would help the Jews, because the decree sent by Haman could not be revoked. According to Persian law, no decree sealed by the king could be revoked once it had been sealed. The phrase **for the Jews** means for the benefit of the Jews. Esther and Mordecai would need to somehow make a decree the help the Jews against the effects of Haman's decree Translate **Write another decree for the Jews in the name of the king and seal it with the king's ring** to mean write a second decree for the benefit of the Jews in the name of the king and seal it with the king's ring.
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[^148]: **8:8** **Write another decree for the Jews in the name of the king and seal it with the king's ring** (**L**: *you write for the Jews as is good in your eyes, and seal it with the signet ring of the king* | **S**: *Write {a new letter} to help the Jews, as you think best. {I give you permission to} put my name on it and to seal {the letter} with the ring that has my official seal on it*). The king told Esther and Mordecai to write another decree that would help the Jews because the decree sent by Haman could not be revoked. According to Persian law, no decree sealed by the king could be revoked once it had been sealed. The phrase **for the Jews** means for the benefit of the Jews. Esther and Mordecai would need to somehow make a decree the help the Jews against the effects of Haman's decree Translate **Write another decree for the Jews in the name of the king and seal it with the king's ring** to mean write a second decree for the benefit of the Jews in the name of the king and seal it with the king's ring.
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9 Then the king's scribes were called at that time, in the third month, which is the month of Sivan, on the twenty-third day of the month. A decree was written containing all that Mordecai was commanding concerning the Jews.[^149] It was written to the provincial governors, the governors and officials of the provinces that were located from India to Cush, 127 provinces, to every province written in their own writing, and to every people in their language, and to the Jews in their writing and language. 10 Mordecai wrote in the name of King Ahasuerus and sealed it with the king's signet ring. He sent the documents by couriers riding on the fast horses that were used in the king's service, bred from the royal stud. 11 The king gave to the Jews who were in every city permission to gather together and to make a stand to protect their lives:[^150] To annihilate, to kill, and to destroy any armed force from any people or province that might attack them, children and women included,[^151] or to plunder their possessions.[^152] 12 This was to be in effect in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar.[^153] 13 A copy of the decree was to be issued as a law and publicly displayed to all the peoples. The Jews were to be ready on that day to take vengeance on their enemies.[^154] 14 So the couriers rode on the royal horses that were used in the king's service. They went without delay. The king's decree was also issued from the palace in Susa.
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[^149]: **8:9** **A decree was written containing all that Mordecai was commanding concerning the Jews** (**L**: *according to all that Mordecai commanded, it was written* | **S**: *{They came and} they wrote a letter saying everything that Mordecai told them {to write}*) The king's men wrote a decree containing everything Mordecai instructed. This decree would help the Jews defend themselves against the effects of Haman's decree. The phrase **a decree was written** means the king's men wrote the decree. In the providence of God, Mordecai was promoted to his position, which made it possible for he to be the one who wrote this decree. God puts people where he needs them to be to carry out his plans. He uses people to complete his mission in the world. Translate **A decree was written containing all that Mordecai was commanding concerning the Jews** to mean the king's scribes wrote a decree containing everything that Mordecai told them to write.
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[^149]: **8:9** **A decree was written containing all that Mordecai was commanding concerning the Jews** (**L**: *according to all that Mordecai commanded, it was written* | **S**: *{They came and} they wrote a letter saying everything that Mordecai told them {to write}*) The king's men wrote a decree containing everything Mordecai instructed. This decree would help the Jews defend themselves against the effects of Haman's decree. The phrase **a decree was written** means the king's men wrote the decree. In the providence of God, Mordecai was promoted to his position, which made it possible for him to be the one who wrote this decree. God puts people where he needs them to be to carry out his plans. He uses people to complete his mission in the world. Translate **A decree was written containing all that Mordecai was commanding concerning the Jews** to mean the king's scribes wrote a decree containing everything that Mordecai told them to write.
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[^150]: **8:11** **The king gave to the Jews who were in every city permission to gather together and to make a stand to protect their lives** (**L**: *the king gave to the Jews who were in every city, city by city: to gather and to stand for their life* | **S**: *the king permits the Jews throughout the empire to join together and to fight to protect themselves*) The decree stated that the Jews had the right to protect themselves from their attackers. The phrase make a stand means to fight for their lives. Haman issued a decree of death. But Mordecai issued a decree to preserve life, by force if required. This is how God intervened to protect his people. Sometimes he empowers people to defend the weak, or to fight battles or wars that are just. Translate **The king gave to the Jews who were in every city permission to gather together and to make a stand to protect their lives** to mean the king gave the Jews in every city of the kingdom the right to band together and defend themselves.
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[^150]: **8:11** **The king gave to the Jews who were in every city permission to gather together and to make a stand to protect their lives** (**L**: *the king gave to the Jews who were in every city, city by city: to gather and to stand for their life* | **S**: *the king permits the Jews throughout the empire to join together and to fight to protect themselves*) The decree stated that the Jews had the right to protect themselves from their attackers. The phrase **make a stand** means to fight for their lives. Haman issued a decree of death. But Mordecai issued a decree to preserve life by force if required. This is how God intervened to protect his people. Sometimes he empowers people to defend the weak or to fight battles or wars that are just. Translate **The king gave to the Jews who were in every city permission to gather together and to make a stand to protect their lives** to mean the king gave the Jews in every city of the kingdom the right to band together and defend themselves.
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[^151]: **8:11** **To annihilate, to kill, and to destroy any armed force from any people or province that might attack them, children and women included** (**L**: *to annihilate, and to slaughter, and to destroy any strength of a people or province that would attack them, children and women* | **S**: *{The king’s letter} also {permits them} to completely destroy any group of armed men from any people or province who would attack them. {The letter} also {permits them} to kill the women and children {of those who would attack them}*) The decree gave the Jews permission to deadly force against their attackers, even attackers that were women or children. The phrases **to annihilate, to kill, and to destroy** mean the same thing here. They are put together this way for emphasis. The decree gave permission for the Jews to utterly destroy their attackers. Translate **To annihilate, to kill, and to destroy any armed force from any people or province that might attack them, children and women included** to mean to completely destroy any armed force from any people or province that attacked them, including attackers that were women or children.
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[^151]: **8:11** **To annihilate, to kill, and to destroy any armed force from any people or province that might attack them, children and women included** (**L**: *to annihilate, and to slaughter, and to destroy any strength of a people or province that would attack them, children and women* | **S**: *{The king’s letter} also {permits them} to completely destroy any group of armed men from any people or province who would attack them. {The letter} also {permits them} to kill the women and children {of those who would attack them}*). The decree permitted the Jews to use deadly force against their attackers, even attackers that were women or children. The phrases **to annihilate, to kill, and to destroy** mean the same thing here. They are put together this way for emphasis. The decree permitted the Jews to utterly destroy their attackers. Translate **To annihilate, to kill, and to destroy any armed force from any people or province that might attack them, children and women included** to mean to completely destroy any armed force from any people or province that attacked them, including attackers that were women or children.
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[^152]: **8:11** **or to plunder their possessions** (**L**: *and plunder their spoil* | **S**: *and to take the possessions of the people {whom they kill}*) The decree gave the Jews permission to take the possessions of any attackers they defeated. The word **plunder** means to take. This was in the decree issued by Haman. Mordecai put it in his decree as well. By giving the Jews the same rights as their attackers, the decree would make any attacker think twice about attacking the Jews. God has brought about a total reversal of Haman's evil decree. He sometimes uses human systems of law and government to carry out his mission on the Earth. Translate **or to plunder their possessions** to mean or to take the possessions of the attackers.
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[^152]: **8:11** **or to plunder their possessions** (**L**: *and plunder their spoil* | **S**: *and to take the possessions of the people {whom they kill}*). The decree permitted the Jews to take the possessions of any attackers they defeated. The word **plunder** means to take. This was in the decree issued by Haman. Mordecai put it in his decree as well. By giving the Jews the same rights as their attackers, the decree would make any attacker think twice about attacking the Jews. God has brought about a total reversal of Haman's evil decree. He sometimes uses human systems of law and government to carry out his mission on the Earth. Translate **or to plunder their possessions** to mean or to take the possessions of the attackers.
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[^153]: **8:12** **This was to be in effect in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar** (**L**: *on one day in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, on the thirteenth of month 12, which is the month of Adar.* | **S**: *{The letter permitted all the Jews} in every province throughout the empire {to do this} on a single day, the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month of Adar, {in that same year}.*) The decree became law on the same day is the decree issued by Haman. The phrase **to be in effect** means to became active or became a binding law. It was important that Mordecai's decree become active at the same time as Haman's, so that the Jews could defend themselves on the day of the scheduled attack. Translate **This was to be in effect in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar** to mean the Jews were allowed to defend themselves in this way in all the provinces of king Ahasuerus starting on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar.
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[^153]: **8:12** **This was to be in effect in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar** (**L**: *on one day in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, on the thirteenth of month 12, which is the month of Adar.* | **S**: *{The letter permitted all the Jews} in every province throughout the empire {to do this} on a single day, the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month of Adar, {in that same year}.*) The decree became law on the same day as the decree issued by Haman. The phrase **to be in effect** means becoming active or a binding law. It was important that Mordecai's decree become active at the same time as Haman's so that the Jews could defend themselves on the day of the scheduled attack. Translate **This was to be in effect in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar** to mean the Jews were allowed to defend themselves in this way in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus starting on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar.
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[^154]: **8:13** **The Jews were to be ready on that day to take vengeance on their enemies** (**L**: *for the Jews to be prepared for that day to take revenge from their enemies* | **S**: *the Jews would be ready to fight back against their enemies when the day came*) The new decree made it possible for the Jews to be ready to protect themselves against potential attackers. In this context, the phrase **to take vengeance on their enemies** means to correct the wrong of the original law that gave people permission to kill the Jews. The Jews were ready to defend themselves against anyone trying to kill them. Translate **The Jews were to be ready on that day to take vengeance on their enemies** to mean the Jews would be reading on that day to fight back against their enemies.
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15 Then Mordecai left the king's presence wearing royal clothes of blue and white, with a great crown of gold and a purple robe of fine linen, and the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced.[^155] 16 The Jews had light and gladness, and joy and honor.[^156] 17 In every province and in every city, wherever the king's decree reached, there was gladness and joy among the Jews, a feast and a holiday. Many from among the variety of peoples of the land became Jews, because the fear of the Jews had fallen on them.[^157]
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[^155]: **8:15** **the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced** (**L**: *the city of Susa cheered and rejoiced* | **S**: *{When} the people of Susa {saw him, they} shouted joyfully*) The people of Susa celebrated when they saw Mordecai leaving the king's presence dressed in blue and white clothes. He was also wearing a gold crown and a purple robe of fine linen. The phrase **city of Susa** here represents the people of Susa. The phrase **shouted and rejoiced** expresses a single idea by using two words connected with "and." It means the people shouted joyfully. The confusion of Haman's decree had been replaced with joy for the decree of Mordecai. The people of Susa were happy that the Jews had been saved. All people should be concerned about the welfare of the Jews. God has promised to bless those who bless his chosen people. Translate **the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced** to mean the people of Susa shouted with joy.
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[^155]: **8:15** **the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced** (**L**: *the city of Susa cheered and rejoiced* | **S**: *{When} the people of Susa {saw him, they} shouted joyfully*) The people of Susa celebrated when they saw Mordecai leaving the king's presence dressed in blue and white clothes. He was also wearing a gold crown and a purple robe of fine linen. The phrase **city of Susa** here represents the people of Susa. The phrase **shouted and rejoiced** expresses a single idea using two words connected with "and." It means the people shouted joyfully. The confusion of Haman's decree had been replaced with joy for the decree of Mordecai. The people of Susa were happy that the Jews had been saved. All people should be concerned about the welfare of the Jews. God has promised to bless those who bless his chosen people. Translate **the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced** to mean the people of Susa shouted with joy.
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[^156]: **8:16** **The Jews had light and gladness, and joy and honor** (**L**: *For the Jews there was light and joy and rejoicing and honor* | **S**: *The Jews in Susa were very happy, and other people honored them*) The Jews in Susa were very happy to see Mordecai. They were overjoyed that they have been saved because of his decree. The terms **light** and **joy** refer to the same thing here. They are used together to emphasize the extreme happiness that the Jews felt. The terms **gladness** and **honor** have similar meaning and are used together with the previous doublet to emphasize again the great happiness and joy that the Jews felt. God had again delivered the Jews from the hands of their oppressors. He turned their sadness and mourning to joy. God will ultimately do this for all children of God. Translate **the Jews had light and gladness, and joy and honor** to mean the Jews in Susa were very happy and felt extremely honored.
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[^156]: **8:16** **The Jews had light and gladness, and joy and honor** (**L**: *For the Jews there was light and joy and rejoicing and honor* | **S**: *The Jews in Susa were very happy, and other people honored them*). The Jews in Susa were very happy to see Mordecai. They were overjoyed that they had been saved because of his decree. The terms **light** and **joy** refer to the same thing here. They are used together to emphasize the extreme happiness that the Jews felt. The terms **gladness** and **honor** have a similar meaning and are used together with the previous doublet to emphasize again the great happiness and joy that the Jews felt. God had again delivered the Jews from the hands of their oppressors. He turned their sadness and mourning into joy. God will ultimately do this for all children of God. Translate **the Jews had light and gladness, and joy and honor** to mean the Jews in Susa were very happy and felt extremely honored.
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<!-- stopped here. 11/26. 11 completed. -->
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@ -426,9 +426,9 @@ This narrative shows that valuing glory and honor from men, above all other thin
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9:1 Now in the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar, on the thirteenth day, when the king's law and decree were about to be carried out, on the day when the enemies of the Jews hoped to gain power over them, it was reversed. The Jews gained power over those who hated them.[^158] 2 The Jews assembled in their cities throughout all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, to lay hands on those who tried to bring disaster on them.[^159] No one could stand against them, for the fear of them had fallen on all the peoples.[^160] 3 All the officials of the provinces, the provincial governors, the governors, and the king's administrators, helped the Jews because the fear of Mordecai had fallen on them.[^161] 4 For Mordecai was great in the king's house, and his fame spread throughout all the provinces,[^162] for the man Mordecai was becoming great. 5 The Jews attacked their enemies with the sword, killing and destroying them, and did as they pleased to those who hated them.[^163] 6 In the fortress of Susa itself the Jews killed and destroyed five hundred men. 7 They killed Parshandatha, Dalphon, Aspatha, 8 Poratha, Adalia, Aridatha, 9 Parmashta, Arisai, Aridai, Vaizatha, 10 the ten sons of Haman son of Hammedatha, the enemy of the Jews. But they did not take any plunder.[^164]
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[^158]: **9:1** **The Jews gained power over those who hated them** (**L**: *but being overturned, it happened that the Jews themselves dominated those who hated them* | **S**: *Instead, it was the Jews who destroyed their enemies*) Although things originally looked bad for the Jews, the Jews were able to defeat their enemies. Mordecai's decree made this possible. The phrase **gained power over those who hated them** means defeated their enemies who attacked them. When the Jews were attacked on the appointed day, in various cities, they defeated all their foes. It is God who ultimately defends his people, and God can never be defeated. Translate **The Jews gained power over those who hated them** to mean the Jews defeated their enemies when they attacked them.
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[^158]: **9:1** **The Jews gained power over those who hated them** (**L**: *but being overturned, it happened that the Jews themselves dominated those who hated them* | **S**: *Instead, it was the Jews who destroyed their enemies*). Although things originally looked bad for the Jews, the Jews were able to defeat their enemies. Mordecai's decree made this possible. The phrase **gained power over those who hated them** means they defeated their enemies who attacked them. When the Jews were attacked on the appointed day, they defeated all their foes in various cities. God ultimately defends his people, and God can never be defeated. Translate **The Jews gained power over those who hated them** to mean the Jews defeated their enemies when they attacked them.
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[^159]: **9:2** **to lay hands on those who tried to bring disaster on them** (**L**: *to stretch out a hand against those seeking their evil* | **S**: *to defend themselves against those who wanted to harm them*) The Jews fought back against those who attacked them. The phrase **to lay hands on** means to cause someone physical harm with the intention of killing him. Translate **to lay hands on those who tried to bring disaster on them** to mean to physically attack and kill those who tried to kill them.
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[^159]: **9:2** **to lay hands on those who tried to bring disaster on them** (**L**: *to stretch out a hand against those seeking their evil* | **S**: *to defend themselves against those who wanted to harm them*). The Jews fought back against those who attacked them. The phrase **to lay hands on** means to cause someone physical harm with the intention of killing them. Translate **to lay hands on those who tried to bring disaster on them** to mean to physically attack and kill those who tried to kill them.
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[^160]: **9:2** **No one could stand against them, for the fear of them had fallen on all the peoples** (**L**: *But a man did not stand to their face, for sudden fear of them had fallen on all the peoples* | **S**: *No one was able to fight back against them because everyone in the empire had become very afraid of them, {so no one helped anyone who attacked the Jews}*) None of the people groups who attacked the Jews were successful. They were very afraid because the Jews had assembled together to defend themselves. The statement **no one could stand against them** means no one could defeat them. For an explanation of **the fear of them had fallen** see note on 8:17. Translate **No one could stand against them, for the fear of them had fallen on all the peoples** to mean no one could defeat them, because all the people had become very afraid of the Jews
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@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ This narrative shows that valuing glory and honor from men, above all other thin
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[^162]: **9:4** **For Mordecai was great in the king's house, and his fame spread throughout all the provinces** (**L**: *For Mordecai was great in the palace of the king, and the report of him was going out into all the provinces* | **S**: *They were afraid of Mordecai because he was a very important royal official. Throughout the empire, everyone was hearing about how great he was*) Mordecai became a very important and influential official in the king's government. His importance became known throughout the entire kingdom. The phrase **in the king's house** means in the king's government. The statement his fame spread means his greatness became known. Translate **For Mordecai was great in the king's house, and his fame spread throughout all the provinces** to mean because Mordecai was extremely important in the king's government, and this knowledge became known throughout the entire kingdom.
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[^163]: **9:5** **did as they pleased to those who hated them** (**L**: *they did to those who hated them according to their pleasure* | **S**: *They were able to do everything that they wanted to do against their enemies*) The Jews were able to defeat their enemies with relative ease. This expression does not mean that the Jews felt pleasure when they killed their enemies. Rather, it means that the Jews were able to defend themselves against their enemies and were not hindered in any way. Translate **did as they pleased to those who hated them** to mean they were able to do everything they wanted to do against their enemies.
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[^163]: **9:5** **did as they pleased to those who hated them** (**L**: *they did to those who hated them according to their pleasure* | **S**: *They were able to do everything that they wanted to do against their enemies*). The Jews were able to defeat their enemies with relative ease. This expression does not mean that the Jews felt pleasure when they killed their enemies. Instead, it means that the Jews could defend themselves against their enemies and were not hindered in any way. Translate **did as they pleased to those who hated them** to mean they could do everything they wanted to do against their enemies.
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[^164]: **9:10** **But they did not take any plunder.** (**L**: *But they did not stretch out their hand to the plunder* | **S**: *but they did not take the things that belonged to them*) The Jews killed Haman's ten sons but did not take any blunder from them. Translate **But they did not take any plunder* to mean but the Jews did not take any of their possessions.
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@ -444,21 +444,21 @@ This narrative shows that valuing glory and honor from men, above all other thin
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<!-- stop here after 9:11. 11/28. 12 completed. -->
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[^165]: **9:12** **What then have they done in the rest of the king's provinces?** (**L**: *In the rest of the provinces of the king, what have they done?* | **S**: *In the rest of my empire, they must have killed many more than that!*) The king told Esther that he had fully fulfilled her request. The question **What then have they done in the rest of the king's provinces?** Is a way of saying they must have killed much more in the rest of my provinces. The king emphasized how well he had fulfilled Esther's request. Translate **What then have they done in the rest of the king's provinces?** to mean they must have killed many more in the rest of the king’s provinces.
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[^165]: **9:12** **What then have they done in the rest of the king's provinces?** (**L**: *In the rest of the provinces of the king, what have they done?* | **S**: *In the rest of my empire, they must have killed many more than that!*) The king told Esther that he had fully fulfilled her request. The question **What then have they done in the rest of the king's provinces?** is a way of saying they must have killed much more in the rest of my provinces. The king emphasized how well he had fulfilled Esther's request. Translate **What then have they done in the rest of the king's provinces?** to mean they must have killed many more in the rest of the king’s provinces.
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[^166]: **9:13** **let the Jews who are in Susa be permitted to carry out this day's decree tomorrow also** (**L**: *let it be given also tomorrow to the Jews who are in Susa to do according to the law of today* | **S**: *please allow the Jews who {live here} in Susa to do again tomorrow what you allowed them to do today*) Esther asked the king if the Jews could be given an additional day to continue fighting against their enemies. The phrase **let the Jews** means please allow the Jews. The phrase **to carry out this day's decree tomorrow also** means to do tomorrow also what was decreed that they should do today. Sometimes God authorizes people to administer justice on his behalf. This is one of the ways he fights against evil on the Earth. Translate **let the Jews who are in Susa be permitted to carry out this day's decree tomorrow also** to mean please allow the Jews in Susa to do tomorrow what they were permitted to do today.
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[^166]: **9:13** **let the Jews who are in Susa be permitted to carry out this day's decree tomorrow also** (**L**: *let it be given also tomorrow to the Jews who are in Susa to do according to the law of today* | **S**: *please allow the Jews who {live here} in Susa to do again tomorrow what you allowed them to do today*) Esther asked the king if the Jews could be given an additional day to continue fighting against their enemies. The phrase **let the Jews** means, please allow the Jews. The phrase **to carry out this day's decree tomorrow also** means to do tomorrow what was also decreed that they should do today. Sometimes God authorizes people to administer justice on his behalf. This is one of the ways he fights against evil on the Earth. Translate **let the Jews who are in Susa be permitted to carry out this day's decree tomorrow also** to mean please allow the Jews in Susa to do tomorrow what they were permitted to do today.
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[^167]: **9:13** **let the bodies of Haman's ten sons be hanged on gallows** (**L**: *let the ten sons of Haman hang on the pole* | **S**: *command {your servants} to hang {the bodies of} Haman’s ten sons on wooden poles*) Esther asked the king to hang the dead bodies of Haman's 10 sons from the gallows. The phrase **let the bodies** means please allow the bodies. Esther wanted the bodies of Haman's sons hanged on the gallows. This would serve as a warning and reminder to those who might want to attack the Jews in the future. Sometimes God authorizes people to employ methods to restrain evil in the world. This is one of the ways he prevents evil and violence on the Earth. Translate **let the bodies of Haman's ten sons be hanged on gallows** to mean please allow the bodies of Haman's ten sons to be hanged on the gallows.
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[^167]: **9:13** **let the bodies of Haman's ten sons be hanged on gallows** (**L**: *let the ten sons of Haman hang on the pole* | **S**: *command {your servants} to hang {the bodies of} Haman’s ten sons on wooden poles*). Esther asked the king to hang the dead bodies of Haman's ten sons from the gallows. The phrase **let the bodies** means, please allow the bodies. Esther wanted the bodies of Haman's sons hanged on the gallows. This would serve as a warning and reminder to those who might want to attack the Jews in the future. Sometimes God authorizes people to employ methods to restrain evil in the world. This is one of the ways he prevents evil and violence on the Earth. Translate **let the bodies of Haman's ten sons be hanged on gallows** to mean please allow the bodies of Haman's ten sons to be hanged on the gallows.
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[^168]: **9:15** **but laid no hands on the plunder** (**L**: *But they did not stretch out their hand to the plunder* | **S**: *But {once again} they did not take the things that belonged to those men*) See note on 9:10. The Jews decided not to take any spoils even though they were authorized to. There is a difference between justice and vengeance. To take the belongings of the attackers' families would have been an unnecessary punishment for the crimes. God does not take joy in the punishment of the wicked and neither should his people when they act on his behalf. Translate **but laid no hands on the plunder** but they took no spoils after defeating their attackers.
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[^168]: **9:15** **but laid no hands on the plunder** (**L**: *But they did not stretch out their hand to the plunder* | **S**: *But {once again} they did not take the things that belonged to those men*) See note on 9:10. The Jews decided not to take any spoils even though they were authorized to. There is a difference between justice and vengeance. To take the belongings of the attackers' families would have been an unnecessary punishment for the crimes. God does not take joy in punishing the wicked, and neither should his people when they act on his behalf. Translate **but laid no hands on the plunder** but they took no spoils after defeating their attackers.
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[^169]: **9:16** **they got relief from their enemies and killed seventy-five thousand of those who hated them** (**L**: *they rested from their enemies, and they slaughtered 75,000 of those who hated them* | **S**: *had defeated their enemies and killed 75,000 of them {on that day}*) The Jews in the provinces outside of Susa defeated their enemies, killing 75,000 attackers in the process. The phrase **got relief from their enemies** is a figurative way of saying that they no longer needed to fight against their enemies because they had won the battle. The phrase **those who hated them** refers to their attackers. The Jews defeated all of their enemies with no trouble because God was with them. God has promised to bring those who attack his people to justice. God keeps every promise that he makes. Translate **they got relief from their enemies and killed seventy-five thousand of those who hated them** to mean they defeated all their enemies and killed seventy-five thousand of them in the process.
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17 This happened on the thirteenth day of the month of Adar. On the fourteenth day they rested and made that a day of feasting and gladness.[^171] 18 But the Jews who were in Susa assembled together[^] on the thirteenth and the fourteenth days. On the fifteenth day they rested and made it a day of feasting and gladness.[^172] 19 That is why the Jews of the villages, who make their homes in the rural towns, observe the fourteenth day of the month of Adar as a day of gladness and feasting,[^173] and as a day on which they send gifts of food to one another.
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[^170]: **9:17** **On the fourteenth day they rested and made that a day of feasting and gladness** (**L**: *On the fourteenth of it, then they made it a day of feasting and rejoicing* | **S**: *they rested on the fourteenth day. They devoted the fourteenth day as a day to celebrate joyfully*) The Jews in the provinces outside of Susa stopped fighting after the thirteenth day of the month of Adar. They spent the fourteenth day feasting and celebrating. In the phrase **feasting and gladness** the word **gladness** describes the people's emotions while they feasted. The people feasted and celebrated with gladness in their heart. Translate **On the fourteenth day they rested and made that a day of feasting and gladness** to mean on the fourteenth day, after defeating their enemies, the people rested and feasted with gladness in their hearts.
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[^170]: **9:17** **On the fourteenth day they rested and made that a day of feasting and gladness** (**L**: *On the fourteenth of it, then they made it a day of feasting and rejoicing* | **S**: *they rested on the fourteenth day. They devoted the fourteenth day as a day to celebrate joyfully*) The Jews in the provinces outside of Susa stopped fighting after the thirteenth day of the month of Adar. They spent the fourteenth day feasting and celebrating. In the phrase **feasting and gladness** the word **gladness** describes the people's emotions while they feasted. The people feasted and celebrated with gladness in their hearts. Translate **On the fourteenth day they rested and made that a day of feasting and gladness** to mean on the fourteenth day, after defeating their enemies, the people rested and feasted with gladness in their hearts.
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[^171]: **9:18** **assembled together** (**L**: *assembled themselves* | **S**: *joined together {to fight against their enemies}*) The Jews in Susa assembled together to fight on both the thirteenth and fourteenth days of Adar. Translate **assembled together** to mean joined together to fight.
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[^171]: **9:18** **assembled together** (**L**: *assembled themselves* | **S**: *joined together {to fight against their enemies}*). The Jews in Susa assembled together to fight on both the thirteenth and fourteenth days of Adar. Translate **assembled together** to mean joined together to fight.
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[^172]: **9:18** **day of feasting and gladness.** See note on 9:17.
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@ -466,27 +466,27 @@ This narrative shows that valuing glory and honor from men, above all other thin
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20 Mordecai recorded these things and sent letters to all the Jews who were in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, both near and far,[^174] 21 obligating them to keep the fourteenth and the fifteenth day of Adar every year.[^175] 22 These were the days when the Jews got relief from their enemies, and the month when their sorrow turned to joy, and mourning into a day of celebration.[^176] They were to make them days of feasting and gladness, and of sending gifts of food to one another, and gifts to the poor. 23 So the Jews continued the celebration they had begun, doing what Mordecai had written to them. 24 At that time Haman[^] son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them,[^177] and he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots), to crush and destroy them. 25 But when the matter came before the king, he gave orders by letters that the wicked plan Haman developed against the Jews should come back on his own head, and that he and his sons should be hanged on the gallows.
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[^174]: **9:20** **to all the Jews who were in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, both near and far** (**L**: *to all the Jews who were in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, the near ones and the far ones* | **S**: *to all the Jews throughout the empire, everywhere that they lived*) Mordecai recorded all the events that had transpired and the sent what he recorded in a letter to all the Jews in the empire. The phrase **all the Jews who were in all the provinces** means all the Jews in the kingdom. The idiom **both near and far** is a figurative way of referring to something by speaking of two extreme parts of it in order to include everything in between. This expression means the Jews who lived in or near Susa, those who lived far away, and all Jews in between. Translate **to all the Jews who were in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, both near and far** to mean to every Jew in the empire, in every province where they were found.
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[^174]: **9:20** **to all the Jews who were in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, both near and far** (**L**: *to all the Jews who were in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, the near ones and the far ones* | **S**: *to all the Jews throughout the empire, everywhere that they lived*). Mordecai recorded all the events that had transpired and the sent what he recorded in a letter to all the Jews in the empire. The phrase **all the Jews who were in all the provinces** means all the Jews in the kingdom. The idiom **both near and far** is a figurative way of referring to something by speaking of two extreme parts of it in order to include everything in between. This expression means the Jews who lived in or near Susa, those who lived far away, and all Jews in between. Translate **to all the Jews who were in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, both near and far** to mean to every Jew in the empire, in every province where they were found.
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[^175]: **9:21** **obligating them to keep the fourteenth and the fifteenth day of Adar every year** (**L**: *to set up for them to be making day 14 of the month of Adar and day 15 of it, every year by year* | **S**: *He established {a holiday on} the fourteenth and fifteenth days of the month of Adar. He told the Jews to observe it every single year*) Mordecai created holidays on the fourteenth and fifteenth days of Adar to commemorate what had happened. In this context, the phrase **obligating them** means instructing them to observe these holidays every year. It is right to celebrate and remember the good things God has done for his people. God is worthy of our gratitude and praise because of who he is and what he has delivered us from. Translate **obligating them to keep the fourteenth and the fifteenth day of Adar every year** to mean instructing them to observe the fourteenth and the fifteenth days of Adar as holidays every year.
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[^175]: **9:21** **obligating them to keep the fourteenth and the fifteenth day of Adar every year** (**L**: *to set up for them to be making day 14 of the month of Adar and day 15 of it, every year by year* | **S**: *He established {a holiday on} the fourteenth and fifteenth days of the month of Adar. He told the Jews to observe it every single year*) Mordecai created holidays on the fourteenth and fifteenth days of Adar to commemorate what had happened. In this context, the phrase **obligating them** means instructing them to observe these holidays every year. It is right to celebrate and remember the good things God has done for his people. God is worthy of our gratitude and praise because of who he is and what he has delivered us from. Translate **obligating them to keep the fourteenth and the fifteenth day of Adar every year** to mean instructing them to observe the fourteenth and fifteenth days of Adar as holidays every year.
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[^176]: **9:22** **when their sorrow turned to joy, and mourning into a day of celebration** (**L**: *when it had turned for them from sorrow into joy and from mourning into a good day* | **S**: *when the Jews rested and no longer had to fight their enemies. That was the month when everything had changed for them. They had been deeply distressed {because their enemies were going to destroy them}. But then they became very happy {after they were safe from all their enemies}*) The great sadness the Jews experienced when Haman's decree was sent had now been turned to happiness and joy. The phrases **sorrow turned to joy** and **mourning into a day of celebration** mean similar things. The repetition is used to emphasize how dramatic and wonderful the change was. God sees the evil done in the world and he will make things right in the end. One day, he will turn sorrow into joy for all those who call upon his name. Translate **when their sorrow turned to joy, and mourning into a day of celebration** to mean when they changed from being very sorrowful and crying to being very joyful and celebrating.
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[^176]: **9:22** **when their sorrow turned to joy, and mourning into a day of celebration** (**L**: *when it had turned for them from sorrow into joy and from mourning into a good day* | **S**: *when the Jews rested and no longer had to fight their enemies. That was the month when everything had changed for them. They had been deeply distressed {because their enemies were going to destroy them}. But then they became very happy {after they were safe from all their enemies}*) The great sadness the Jews experienced when Haman's decree was sent had now been turned to happiness and joy. The phrases **sorrow turned to joy** and **mourning into a day of celebration** mean similar things. The repetition is used to emphasize how dramatic and wonderful the change was. God sees the evil done in the world, and he will make things right in the end. One day, he will turn sorrow into joy for all those who call upon his name. Translate **when their sorrow turned to joy, and mourning into a day of celebration** to mean when they changed from being very sorrowful and crying to being very joyful and celebrating.
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[^177]: **9:24** **At that time Haman, son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them** (**L**: *For Haman, the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the adversary of all the Jews, had plotted concerning the Jews to annihilate them.* | **S**: *{They would celebrate those days to remember} how Haman, the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had tried to destroy them*) The author of Esther gave a recap or summary of how the feast of Purim came to be. Additional information before the phrase **Haman, son of Hammedatha the Agagite,** could be added to make that clear. By providing this summary, the author indicated that remembering these events was important. It was important that future Jews remember these events and understand why they celebrated the feast of Purim. God wants his people to remember his acts of deliverance. Those memories help people worship, show gratitude to, and praise God for what he has done. Translate **At that time Haman, son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them** to mean they would celebrate these days to remember how Haman, son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them.
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[^177]: **9:24** **At that time Haman, son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them** (**L**: *For Haman, the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the adversary of all the Jews, had plotted concerning the Jews to annihilate them.* | **S**: *{They would celebrate those days to remember} how Haman, the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had tried to destroy them*). The author of Esther gave a recap or summary of how the feast of Purim came to be. Additional information before the phrase **Haman, son of Hammedatha the Agagite,** could be added to make that clear. By providing this summary, the author indicated that remembering these events was important. It was important that future Jews remember these events and understand why they celebrated the feast of Purim. God wants his people to remember his acts of deliverance. Those memories help people worship, show gratitude to, and praise God for what he has done. Translate **At that time Haman, son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them** to mean they would celebrate these days to remember how Haman, son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them.
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26 Therefore they called these days Purim, after the name of Pur.[^178] Because of everything that was written in this letter, and everything that they had seen and that had happened to them, 27 the Jews accepted a new custom and duty.[^179] This custom would be for themselves, their descendants, and everyone who joined them. It would be that they would celebrate these two days every year. They would celebrate them in a certain way and at the same time each year. 28 These days were to be celebrated and observed in every generation, every family, every province, and every city. These Jews and their descendants would never cease to faithfully observe these days of Purim, so that they should never forget them.[^]
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[^178]: **9:26** **Therefore they called these days Purim, after the name of Pur** (**L**: *Therefore, they called these days “Purim,” on account of the name of Pur* | **S**: *The {Persian} word {for “lot”} is “Pur.” That is why {the Jews} gave the name Purim to this celebration*) The Jews decided to name the feast Pur because Haman used pur to determine the day to attack the Jews. But this day ended up being the day they had victory over the enemies. The word **therefore** introduces the reason why the Jews gave the name “Purim” to this celebration. It means for that reason. What Haman meant for evil, God used for good. God used the day selected by the pur to glorify himself and valiantly defend his people. Translate **Therefore they called these days Purim, after the name of Pur** to mean that is why they called these days Purim, after the name of Pur.
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[^179]: **9:27** **the Jews accepted a new custom and duty** (**L**: *the Jews set up and accepted for themselves...to be making these two days* | **S**: *the Jews agreed to establish those two days as holidays and to observe them in the way that {Mordecai} had told them, on those specific days*) The Jews accepted Mordecai's instructions to observe the days of Purim every year. The word **custom** refers to a behavior or practice that is consistently done by a group of people. The word **duty** means obligation. The Jews were obligated to celebrate these days every year. Translate **the Jews accepted a new custom and duty** to mean the Jews agreed to celebrate these two days as holidays.
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[^179]: **9:27** **the Jews accepted a new custom and duty** (**L**: *the Jews set up and accepted for themselves...to be making these two days* | **S**: *the Jews agreed to establish those two days as holidays and to observe them in the way that {Mordecai} had told them, on those specific days*) The Jews accepted Mordecai's instructions to observe the days of Purim every year. The word **custom** refers to a behavior or practice that is consistently done by a group of people. The word **duty** means an obligation. The Jews were obligated to celebrate these days every year. Translate **the Jews accepted a new custom and duty** to mean the Jews agreed to celebrate these two days as holidays.
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29 Queen Esther daughter of Abihail and Mordecai the Jew wrote with full authority and confirmed this second letter about Purim.[^180] 30 Letters were sent to all the Jews in the 127 provinces of the kingdom of Ahasuerus, wishing the Jews safety and truth.[^181] 31 These letters confirmed the days of Purim at their appointed times, as Mordecai the Jew and Queen Esther obligated the Jews.[^182] The Jews accepted this obligation for themselves and their descendants, just as also they accepted times of fasting and lamenting. 32 The command of Esther confirmed these regulations regarding Purim, and it was written in the book.[^183]
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[^180]: **9:29** **Queen Esther daughter of Abihail and Mordecai the Jew wrote with full authority and confirmed this second letter about Purim** (**L**: *Then Queen Esther, the daughter of Abihail, with {help from} Mordecai the Jew, wrote a second letter about Purim* | **S**: *Then Queen Esther, the daughter of Abihail, with {help from} Mordecai the Jew, wrote a second letter about Purim*) Queen Esther wrote a letter, with Mordecai's assistance, using her royal authority as queen. The statement **Queen Esther...and Mordecai the Jew wrote** means Queen Esther wrote with Mordecai's assistance. The original language of Scripture makes this clear. Queen Esther sent the letter using her royal authority to make sure the Jews accepted the second letter about Purim. This second letter of Purim could refer to this letter that Esther is writing, which is the second letter that the Jews will receive about the festival of Purim, or to the second letter that Mordecai wrote, creating the festival of Purim. Translate **Queen Esther daughter of Abihail and Mordecai the Jew wrote with full authority and confirmed this second letter about Purim** to mean Queen Esther daughter of Abihail, with the help of Mordecai the Jew, wrote this second letter about Purim using her royal authority as queen.
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[^180]: **9:29** **Queen Esther daughter of Abihail and Mordecai the Jew wrote with full authority and confirmed this second letter about Purim** (**L**: *Then Queen Esther, the daughter of Abihail, with {help from} Mordecai the Jew, wrote a second letter about Purim* | **S**: *Then Queen Esther, the daughter of Abihail, with {help from} Mordecai the Jew, wrote a second letter about Purim*) Queen Esther wrote a letter, with Mordecai's assistance, using her royal authority as queen. The statement **Queen Esther...and Mordecai the Jew wrote** means Queen Esther wrote with Mordecai's assistance. The original language of Scripture makes this clear. Queen Esther sent the letter using her royal authority to ensure the Jews accepted the second letter about Purim. This second letter of Purim could refer to this letter that Esther is writing, which is the second letter that the Jews will receive about the festival of Purim, or to the second letter that Mordecai wrote, creating the festival of Purim. Translate **Queen Esther daughter of Abihail and Mordecai the Jew wrote with full authority and confirmed this second letter about Purim** to mean Queen Esther, daughter of Abihail, with the help of Mordecai the Jew, wrote this second letter about Purim using her royal authority as queen.
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[^181]: **9:30** **wishing the Jews safety and truth** (**L**: *words of peace and truth* | **S**: *It encouraged them that {their situation was now} peaceful and secure*) The letter encouraged the Jews by letting them know they were safe and secure. In this context, the phrase **safety and truth** refers to the new peaceful and secure situation the Jews were now in. God had intervened and brought peace to their lives. God often uses tough situations to help his people grow. But he never lets these situations last forever. Translate **wishing the Jews safety and truth** to mean encouraging the Jews that they are now safe and can live peacefully.
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[^181]: **9:30** **wishing the Jews safety and truth** (**L**: *words of peace and truth* | **S**: *It encouraged them that {their situation was now} peaceful and secure*) The letter encouraged the Jews by letting them know they were safe and secure. In this context, the phrase **safety and truth** refers to the new peaceful and secure situation the Jews were now in. God intervened and brought peace to their lives. God often uses tough situations to help his people grow. But he never lets these situations last forever. Translate **wishing the Jews safety and truth** to mean encouraging the Jews that they are now safe and can live peacefully.
|
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[^182]: **9:31** **as Mordecai the Jew and Queen Esther obligated the Jews** (**L**: *according to what Mordecai the Jew and Esther the queen had set up for them* | **S**: *Mordecai the Jew and Queen Esther confirmed that Purim should be celebrated on the {fourteenth and fifteenth} days {of the month of Adar}*) Mordecai and Queen Esther decreed that the Jews should continue this custom from generation to generation. The term **obligated** means to make someone responsible to do something. Queen Esther and Mordecai informed the Jews that the feast of Purim was required, not optional. Sometimes God, or those acting on his behalf, obligate people to do things that are for their good. Some people would fail to do these things if they weren't required. Translate **as Mordecai the Jew and Queen Esther obligated the Jews** to mean as Mordecai the Jew and Queen Esther required the Jews to do.
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[^182]: **9:31** **as Mordecai the Jew and Queen Esther obligated the Jews** (**L**: *according to what Mordecai the Jew and Esther the queen had set up for them* | **S**: *Mordecai the Jew and Queen Esther confirmed that Purim should be celebrated on the {fourteenth and fifteenth} days {of the month of Adar}*). Mordecai and Queen Esther decreed that the Jews should continue this custom from generation to generation. The term **obligated** means to make someone responsible for doing something. Queen Esther and Mordecai informed the Jews that the feast of Purim was required, not optional. Sometimes God, or those acting on his behalf, obligate people to do things that are for their good. Some people would fail to do these things if they weren't required. Translate **as Mordecai the Jew and Queen Esther obligated the Jews** to mean as Mordecai the Jew and Queen Esther required the Jews to do.
|
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||||
[^183]: **9:32** **and it was written in the book** (**L**: *and it was written in the book* | **S**: *and the {royal scribes} wrote it down in the book {of laws}*) The royal scribes recorded Esther's command in a book. The statement **it was written in a book** means the scribes recorded Esther's decree. Translate **and it was written in the book** to mean and the royal scribes made an official record of it.
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@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ This narrative shows that valuing glory and honor from men, above all other thin
|
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[^184]: **10:2** **with the full account of the greatness of Mordecai to which the king had raised him** (**L**: *with the full account of the greatness of Mordecai to which the king had made him great* | **S**: *{They} also {wrote} there in a complete way the great {things that} Mordecai {did} because the king had promoted him to a very important position.*) The story of Mordecai's rise to power was included in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Media and Persia. The phrase **the greatness of Mordecai** refers to how important Mordecai had become. The phrase **to which the king had raised him** refers to how the king promoted Mordecai. This is how Mordecai became important. Translate **the full account of the greatness of Mordecai to which the king had raised him** to mean the full story of how the king promoted Mordecai and made him great.
|
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|
||||
[^185]: **10:3** **he sought the welfare of his people and he spoke for the peace of all his people** (**L**: *seeking good for his people and speaking peace to all its seed* | **S**: *He worked {hard} to make sure that the Jews would always prosper.*) Mordecai was greatly respected by the Jews because he worked hard to make sure they were safe and that they prospered. The word **sought** is a figurative way to describe actively trying to do something or work hard for something. The abstract nouns welfare and peace refer in this context to prosperity and security. God sometimes establishes his people in influential positions so they can benefit others and glorify his name for all to see. Translate **he sought the welfare of his people and he spoke for the peace of all his people** to mean he worked hard so his people and their descendants would be safe and prosper.
|
||||
[^185]: **10:3** **he sought the welfare of his people and he spoke for the peace of all his people** (**L**: *seeking good for his people and speaking peace to all its seed* | **S**: *He worked {hard} to make sure that the Jews would always prosper.*) Mordecai was greatly respected by the Jews because he worked hard to ensure they were safe and prospered. The word **sought** is a figurative way to describe actively trying to do something or working hard for something. The abstract nouns **welfare** and **peace** refer to prosperity and security in this context. God sometimes establishes his people in influential positions to benefit others and glorify his name for all to see. Translate **he sought the welfare of his people and he spoke for the peace of all his people** to mean he worked hard so his people and their descendants would be safe and prosper.
|
||||
|
||||
## Introduction
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -514,22 +514,20 @@ Take a moment to think about a specific area in your life where you have seen gr
|
|||
> The Lord helped me grow by...
|
||||
|
||||
#### Read the Passage
|
||||
God ways are the path for the best possible life. Even if all the world is against you. Read the following passage about the importance of following God's path.
|
||||
God's ways are the path to the best possible life. Even if all the world is against you. Read the following passage about the importance of following God's path.
|
||||
|
||||
> Care for these things. Be in them, so that your progress may be evident to all people. 1 Timothy 4:15
|
||||
|
||||
#### Discuss the Passage
|
||||
After reading the passage, discuss what this passage says about progress and obedience? Use the following questions to guide your discussion as a community.
|
||||
After reading the passage, discuss what this passage says about progress and obedience. Use the following questions to guide your discussion as a community.
|
||||
|
||||
1. In this passage, what important action does God want believers to do?
|
||||
2. What hinders people to make progress? How does the world impact our progress?
|
||||
1. What important action does God want believers to take in this passage?
|
||||
2. What hinders people from making progress? How does the world impact our progress?
|
||||
3. What challenges in living a lifestyle that pleases God? What characteristics define a godly lifestyle?
|
||||
4. How can we move from complacency to a firm conviction?
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Celebrate
|
||||
Think about the other Scripture passages you have studied. Identify some challenges you have faced. Write (or speak) the anticipation you have for upcoming road God has for you.
|
||||
|
||||
Think about the other Scripture passages you have studied. Identify some challenges you have faced. Write (or speak) about the anticipation you have for the upcoming road God has for you.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Pray to God
|
||||
After sharing the message, conclude this time together by praying for one another. Ask God to direct you on the upcoming path He has for you.
|
||||
|
|
@ -559,7 +557,7 @@ The officials of the provinces were "before his face," meaning that they were in
|
|||
For whom did the king give the feast that lasted seven days?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
The king made a feast for all the people who were found in Susa the citadel, from the greatest even to the least.
|
||||
The king made a feast for all the people found in Susa, the citadel, from the greatest to the least.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 1:7
|
||||
Why was there much royal wine?
|
||||
|
|
@ -571,19 +569,19 @@ The wine of royalty was abundant according to the hand of the king. And the drin
|
|||
What were the king’s orders to all the overseers of his palace?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
And the drinking was according to the law, “There is no compulsion,” for thus the king had established for every overseer of his house, to do according to the desire of man by man.
|
||||
And the drinking was according to the law, “There is no compulsion,” for thus the king had established for every overseer of his house to do according to the desire of man by man.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 1:10-11
|
||||
What did the king tell the seven officials who served before him?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
To bring Vashti the queen before the king in a crown of royalty in order to show the people and the officials her beauty.
|
||||
To bring Vashti the queen before the king in a crown of royalty to show the people and the officials her beauty.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 1:12
|
||||
Why did the king become very angry?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
The king became very angry because the queen Vashti refused to come at the word of the king that was by the hand of the eunuchs.
|
||||
The king became very angry because Queen Vashti refused to come at the word of the king that was by the hand of the eunuchs.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 1:13
|
||||
With whom did the king confer?
|
||||
|
|
@ -595,20 +593,20 @@ The king consulted with the wise men, who were knowers of the times.
|
|||
According to Memucan, against whom did Vashti do wrong?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
Vashti the queen did wrong not only toward the king alone, but toward all the officials and toward all the people who were in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus.
|
||||
Vashti, the queen, did wrong not only toward the king alone but toward all the officials and the people in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 1:17
|
||||
What did Memukan say the women of Persia and Media would do?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
Memukan said that what the queen did would become known to all the women in the kingdom of king Ahasuerus and that when the women of the kingdom found out what the queen had done they would despise their own husbands and say, “King Ahasuerus commanded his servants to bring Queen Vashti to him, but she did not come!”
|
||||
Memukan said that what the queen did would become known to all the women in the kingdom of King Ahasuerus and that when the women of the kingdom found out what the queen had done, they would despise their own husbands and say, “King Ahasuerus commanded his servants to bring Queen Vashti to him, but she did not come!”
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 1:18
|
||||
What did Memucan say the noble women of Persia and Media would do before the end of
|
||||
that very day?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
For the matter of the queen will go out to all the women, in order to make their husbands despised in their eyes when they say, ‘The king Ahasuerus said to bring Vashti the queen before him, but she did not come.’ Now this day, the noblewomen of Persia and Media who have heard the matter of the queen will speak to all the officials of the king; and there will be contempt and wrath enough!
|
||||
For the matter of the queen will go out to all the women to make their husbands despised in their eyes when they say, ‘The king Ahasuerus said to bring Vashti the queen before him, but she did not come.’ Now this day, the noblewomen of Persia and Media who have heard the matter of the queen will speak to all the officials of the king; and there will be contempt and wrath enough!
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 1:19
|
||||
To whom would the king give Vashti’s position as queen?
|
||||
|
|
@ -626,13 +624,13 @@ The king sent letters that every man should be ruling in his house and speaking
|
|||
What did the king’s young men recommend?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
The king’s young men recommended that they seek for the king young women who were virgins and pleasing of appearance.
|
||||
The king’s young men recommended that they seek for the king young women who were virgins and pleasing in appearance.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 2:3
|
||||
Under whose care would the virgins be put?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
The virgins would be put into the hand of Hegai, the eunuch of the king who is overseer of the women. This means Hegai was the one who was responsible to take care of the virgins.
|
||||
The virgins would be put into the hand of Hegai, the eunuch of the king who is the overseer of the women. This means Hegai was the one who was responsible for taking care of the virgins.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 2:6
|
||||
Who had taken Kish from Jerusalem?
|
||||
|
|
@ -644,7 +642,7 @@ Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, had taken Kish from Jerusalem.
|
|||
What was Esther’s other name?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
Esther’s other name was Hadassah
|
||||
Esther’s other name was Hadassah.
|
||||
|
||||
How was Esther related to Mordecai?
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -691,19 +689,19 @@ She did not ask for anything except what Hegai, the eunuch of the king who was o
|
|||
When was Esther taken to King Ahasuerus?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
So Esther was taken to the king Ahasuerus, to the house of his royalty, in the tenth month (which is the month of Tebeth), in the seventh year of his reign.
|
||||
Esther was taken to King Ahasuerus, to the house of his royalty, in the tenth month (which is the month of Tebeth), in the seventh year of his reign.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 2:17
|
||||
Why did the king set the royal crown on Esther’s head and make her queen?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
And the king loved Esther more than all the women, and she lifted favor and kindness before his face more than all the virgins. So he set a crown of royalty on her head, and he made her queen instead of Vashti.
|
||||
The King loved Esther more than all the women; she lifted favor and kindness before his face more than all the virgins. He set a crown of royalty on her head and made her queen instead of Vashti.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 2:21
|
||||
What did Bigthan and Teresh seek to do to King Ahasuerus?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
Bigthan and Teresh, two eunuchs of the king who were guardians of the doorway, became angry. And they sought to stretch out a hand to the king Ahasuerus
|
||||
Bigthan and Teresh, two eunuchs of the king who were guardians of the doorway, became angry. And they sought to stretch out a hand to the King Ahasuerus.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 2:23
|
||||
What happened to Bigthan and Teresh?
|
||||
|
|
@ -712,10 +710,10 @@ What happened to Bigthan and Teresh?
|
|||
The two of them were hung on a tree.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 3:2
|
||||
Who were kneeling and prostrating themselves to Haman
|
||||
Who was kneeling and prostrating themselves to Haman?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
All the servants of the king were at the gate of the king and were bowing down and prostrating themselves to Haman
|
||||
All the servants of the king were at the gate of the king and were bowing down and prostrating themselves to Haman.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 3:4
|
||||
What did Mordecai refuse to do?
|
||||
|
|
@ -730,7 +728,7 @@ Who did Haman want to kill?
|
|||
Haman sought to annihilate all the Jews, the people of Mordecai, who were in all the kingdom of Ahasuerus.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 3:8
|
||||
When they threw lots, what month did they chose?
|
||||
When they threw lots, what month did they choose?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
In the first month, which is the month of Nisan, in the twelfth year of the king Ahasuerus, a Pur (which is “the lot”) was cast before the face of Haman from day to day and from month to month: the twelfth, which is the month of Adar.
|
||||
|
|
@ -739,7 +737,7 @@ In the first month, which is the month of Nisan, in the twelfth year of the king
|
|||
How much money was Haman willing to put into the king’s treasury if the king would give a command to kill the Jews?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
Haman said he would pay 10,000 talents of silver into the hands of the doers of the work, to bring into the treasuries of the king.
|
||||
Haman said he would pay 10,000 talents of silver into the hands of the doers of the work to bring into the treasuries of the king.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 3:13
|
||||
How were documents delivered to all the king’s provinces?
|
||||
|
|
@ -757,28 +755,28 @@ The city of Susa was in confusion.
|
|||
How far did Mordecai go? Why?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
And he came only as far as before the face of the gate of the king, because no one was to come into the gate of the king while wearing sackcloth.
|
||||
He came only as far as before the face of the gate of the king because no one was to come into the gate of the king while wearing sackcloth.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 4:4
|
||||
When Esther sent garments to clothe Mordecai, how did he respond?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
And she sent garments to clothe Mordecai and to take off his sackcloth from upon him, but he did not accept.
|
||||
She sent garments to clothe Mordecai and remove his sackcloth from upon him, but he did not accept.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 4:7
|
||||
What did Mordecai report to Hathak?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
And Mordecai reported to him all that had happened to him, and the exact amount of silver that Haman had said to weigh out into the treasuries of the king, against the Jews, to destroy them.
|
||||
Mordecai reported to him all that had happened to him and the exact amount of silver that Haman had said to weigh out into the treasuries of the king against the Jews, to destroy them.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 4:8
|
||||
Why did Mordecai give Hathak a copy of the decree that was issued in Susa for the Jews’ destruction?
|
||||
Why did Mordecai give Hathak a copy of the decree issued in Susa for the Jews’ destruction?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
Also he gave to him a copy of the writing of the law that had been given in Susa to annihilate them, in order to show Esther, and to inform her, and to lay a charge upon her to go to the king to implore his favor and to plead from before his face concerning her people.
|
||||
He gave him a copy of the writing of the law that had been given in Susa to annihilate them to show Esther, and to inform her, and to lay a charge upon her to go to the king to implore his favor and to plead from before his face concerning her people.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 4:11
|
||||
What happened if any man or woman went to the king inside the inner courtyard without being summoned?
|
||||
What would happen if any man or woman went to the king inside the inner courtyard without being summoned?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
The law was that any man or woman would die who went to the king inside the inner court without first being called unless the king held out to him or her the scepter of gold, in which case the person was allowed to live.
|
||||
|
|
@ -799,7 +797,7 @@ Go, gather all the Jews who are found in Susa. And fast on account of me, neithe
|
|||
Where was the inner courtyard of the king’s palace?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
The inner courtyard of the king’s palace was opposite to the house of the king.
|
||||
The inner courtyard of the king’s palace was opposite the house of the king.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 5:2
|
||||
When the king saw Esther the queen standing in the court, why did he hold out to her the
|
||||
|
|
@ -836,7 +834,7 @@ But all of this is not equal for me to every time that I see Mordecai the Jew si
|
|||
What did Zeresh tell Haman to make? Why?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
Let them make a tree fifty cubits high. And in the morning speak to the king, and let them hang Mordecai on it.
|
||||
Let them make a tree fifty cubits high. And in the morning, speak to the king and let them hang Mordecai on it.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 6:1
|
||||
Why did the king command servants to bring the records of the events of his reign?
|
||||
|
|
@ -851,8 +849,7 @@ What was found written in the book of records that was read to the king?
|
|||
It was found written that Mordecai had reported that Bigthana and Teresh, two of the king’s eunuchs who guarded the door, had conspired to kill the King.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 6:3
|
||||
What had been done to give honor or recognition to Mordecai for telling the king about
|
||||
Bigthana and Teresh?
|
||||
What had been done to honor or recognize Mordecai for telling the king about Bigthana and Teresh?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
Nothing had been done to give honor or recognition to Mordecai for telling the king about Bigthana and Teresh.
|
||||
|
|
@ -864,29 +861,28 @@ When the king asked Haman what should be done for the man whom the king takes pl
|
|||
Then Haman said in his heart, “For whom would the king delight to do honor more than me?”
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 6:9
|
||||
Who would dress the man whom the king takes pleasure in honoring, and lead him on the
|
||||
horse through the city streets?
|
||||
Who would dress the man whom the king takes pleasure in honoring and lead him on the horse through the city streets?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
A man from the most noble officials of the king would do these things.
|
||||
A man from the king's most noble officials would do these things.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 6:11
|
||||
Who dressed Mordecai and led him on the horse through the city streets?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
So Haman took the garment and the horse, and he clothed Mordecai and paraded him in the open square of the city, and called out before his face, “Thus shall it be done for the man in whose honor the king is delighted!”
|
||||
So Haman took the garment and the horse, clothed Mordecai, paraded him in the open square of the city, and called out before his face, “Thus shall it be done for the man in whose honor the king is delighted!”
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 6:13
|
||||
About what did Haman’s wise men and his wife warn him?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
If Mordecai, before whose face you have begun to fall, is from the seed of the Jews, then you will not prevail against him, but you will surely fall before his face.
|
||||
If Mordecai, before whose face you have begun to fall, is from the seed of the Jews, then you will not prevail against him but surely fall before his face.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 7:3
|
||||
What did Esther ask from King Ahasuerus?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
Let my life be given to me at my petition, and my people at my request.
|
||||
Let my life be given to me at my petition and my people at my request.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 7:4
|
||||
What did Esther say she would have done if her people had only been sold into slavery?
|
||||
|
|
@ -898,7 +894,7 @@ Now if we had been sold as slaves and female servants, I would have kept silent.
|
|||
Who did Esther describe as an “adversary” and “enemy?”
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
A man, an adversary, and an enemy is this evil Haman!
|
||||
Haman
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 7:7
|
||||
What did Haman do when the king got up in a rage from the banquet of wine?
|
||||
|
|
@ -917,7 +913,7 @@ The king thought Haman was trying to subdue the queen with me. This means that h
|
|||
Where did the king say to hang Haman?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
The king said to hang Haman on the tree that Haman made for Mordecai, which was standing at the house of Haman 50 cubits high.
|
||||
The king said to hang Haman on the tree that Haman made for Mordecai, standing at the house of Haman 50 cubits high.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 8:1
|
||||
Why did Mordecai begin to serve before the king?
|
||||
|
|
@ -941,13 +937,13 @@ And the king held out to Esther the scepter of gold, so Esther rose up and stood
|
|||
What letters had Haman written?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
Haman had written letters to destroy the Jews who were in all of the provinces of the king.
|
||||
Haman had written letters to destroy the Jews who were in the king's provinces.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 8:8
|
||||
Why did Esther need to write another decree for the Jews in the name of the king?
|
||||
Why did Esther need to write another decree for the Jews in the king's name?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
Esther needed to write another decree because there was none to take back a writing that had been written in the name of the king and had been sealed with the signet ring of the king.
|
||||
Esther needed to write another decree because there was none to take back a writing that had been written in the king's name and had been sealed with the king's signet ring.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 8:9
|
||||
When were the king’s scribes called?
|
||||
|
|
@ -956,16 +952,16 @@ When were the king’s scribes called?
|
|||
So the scribes of the king were called at that time, in the third month, which is the month of Sivan, on the twenty-third of it.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 8:11
|
||||
What did the king give the Jews permission to do?
|
||||
What did the king permit the Jews to do?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
The king gave the Jews in every city the legal right to gather together and defend their lives, to annihilate and to slaughter and to destroy any group of a people or province that would attack them including their women and children and women, and to plunder their spoil.
|
||||
The king gave the Jews in every city the legal right to gather together and defend their lives, to annihilate and to slaughter and destroy any group of a people or province that would attack them, including their women and children and women, and to plunder their spoil.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 8:17
|
||||
Why did many from among the variety of peoples of the land become Jews?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
Many from the peoples of the land became Jews because dread of the Jews had fallen upon them.
|
||||
Many of the peoples of the land became Jews because dread of the Jews had fallen upon them.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 9:2
|
||||
Why could no one stand against the Jews?
|
||||
|
|
@ -983,7 +979,7 @@ And the Jews struck to all their enemies a strike of sword and slaughter and des
|
|||
Who did the Jews kill?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
In Susa the citadel the Jews have slaughtered and destroyed five hundred men, with the ten sons of Haman.
|
||||
In Susa, the citadel, the Jews have slaughtered and destroyed five hundred men, with the ten sons of Haman.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 9:13
|
||||
What happened to the bodies of Haman’s ten sons?
|
||||
|
|
@ -998,25 +994,22 @@ How many men did the Jews kill on the fourteenth day of the month Adar?
|
|||
So the Jews who were in Susa assembled themselves also on day 14 of the month of Adar, and they killed 300 men in Susa.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 9:17
|
||||
What did the rest of the Jews who were in the provinces of the king do on the fourteenth
|
||||
day of the month Adar?
|
||||
What did the rest of the Jews in the king's provinces do on the fourteenth day of the month Adar?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
On the fourteenth day of the month of Adar they made it a day of feasting and rejoicing.
|
||||
They made it a day of feasting and rejoicing.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 9:18
|
||||
Why do the Jews in Susa observe the fifteenth day of the month Adar as a day of gladness
|
||||
and feasting?
|
||||
Why do the Jews in Susa observe the fifteenth day of the month Adar as a day of gladness and feasting?
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<!-- answer -->
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But the Jews who were in Susa assembled themselves on the thirteenth of it and on the fourteenth of it. And they rested on the fifteenth of it, and they made it a day of feasting and rejoicing.
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But the Jews who were in Susa assembled themselves on the thirteenth of it and the fourteenth of it. They rested on the fifteenth of it and made it a day of feasting and rejoicing.
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#### Esther 9:19
|
||||
What do the Jews of the open country, the ones who dwell in the cities of the open areas,
|
||||
do on day 14 of the month of Adar?
|
||||
What do the Jews of the open country, the ones who dwell in the cities of the open areas, do on day fourteen of the month of Adar?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
They make day 14 of the month of Adar a day for rejoicing and for feasting and a good day, and for the sending of gifts, a man to his friend.
|
||||
They make day fourteen of the month of Adar a day for rejoicing, feasting, a good day, and for sending gifts, a man to his friend.
|
||||
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#### Esther 9:20-21
|
||||
How often did Mordecai obligate the Jews to keep the fourteenth and the fifteenth day of
|
||||
|
|
@ -1032,20 +1025,19 @@ What does Pur mean?
|
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The name Pur means “the lot.”
|
||||
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#### Esther 9:28
|
||||
Why would the Jews and their descendants never cease to faithfully observe these days of
|
||||
Purim?
|
||||
Why would the Jews and their descendants never cease to faithfully observe these days of Purim?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
So these days are remembered and are made in every generation by generation, family by family, province by province, and city by city. And these days of Purim will not pass away from the midst of the Jews, and their remembrance will not come to an end from their seed.
|
||||
So these days are remembered and are made in every generation by generation, family by family, province by province, and city by city. And these days of Purim will not pass away from the midst of the Jews, and their remembrance will not end from their seed.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 10:1
|
||||
Where did King Ahasuerus impose a tax?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
Then the king Ahasuerus set a tribute on the land and the islands of the sea.
|
||||
The King Ahasuerus set a tribute on the land and the islands of the sea.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Esther 10:2
|
||||
Where were all the achievements of King Ahasuerus’ power and might written?
|
||||
Where were all the achievements of King Ahasuerus’ power and might be written?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
And all the deeds of his power and his might, with the full account of the greatness of Mordecai to which the king had made him great, are they not written in the book of the events of days for the kings of Media and Persia?
|
||||
|
|
@ -1059,7 +1051,7 @@ Mordecai the Jew was second to the King Ahasuerus.
|
|||
Why was Mordecai great among the Jews and popular with his many Jewish brothers?
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- answer -->
|
||||
For Mordecai the Jew was second to the King Ahasuerus, and great among the Jews, and favored by the multitude of his brothers, seeking good for his people and speaking peace to all its seed.
|
||||
For Mordecai, the Jew was second to the King Ahasuerus, and great among the Jews, and favored by the multitude of his brothers, seeking good for his people and speaking peace to all its seed.
|
||||
|
||||
### Translation Questions
|
||||
Use the following translation questions to understand specific details of the passage. Discuss how you might translate these specific elements of the text.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1074,15 +1066,15 @@ How would you translate **he gave a feast to all his officials and his servants*
|
|||
How would you translate **He displayed the wealth of the splendor of his kingdom and the honor of the glory of his greatness**? Does it mean he showed that his kingdom was extremely rich and that he was an extremely magnificent and powerful king?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1:5
|
||||
How would you translate **When these days were completed, the king gave a feast lasting seven days**? Does it mean at the end of those six months, the king hosted a second feast which lasted seven days?
|
||||
How would you translate **When these days were completed, the king gave a feast lasting seven days**? Does it mean the king hosted a second feast that lasted seven days at the end of those six months?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1:6
|
||||
How would you translate **The courtyard of the garden was decorated with curtains of white cotton and violet, with cords of fine linen and purple**? Does it mean In the courtyard, there were white and violet curtains hanging from white and purple cords?
|
||||
How would you translate **The courtyard of the garden was decorated with curtains of white cotton and violet, with cords of fine linen and purple**? Does it mean there were white and violet curtains hanging from white and purple cords in the courtyard?
|
||||
|
||||
How would you translate **couches of gold and silver on a mosaic pavement of porphyry, marble, mother-of-pearl, and colored paving stones**? Does it mean couches made of gold and silver set on a mosaic floor that was made of red marble, white marble, and pearl bordered with black marble?
|
||||
How would you translate **couches of gold and silver on a mosaic pavement of porphyry, marble, mother-of-pearl, and colored paving stones**? Does it mean couches made of gold and silver set on a mosaic floor made of red marble, white marble, and pearl-bordered with black marble?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1:7
|
||||
How would you translate **there was much royal wine that came because of the king's generosity**? Does it mean the king had his servants provide generous amounts of his own royal wine to his guests?
|
||||
How would you translate **there was much royal wine that came because of the king's generosity**? Does it mean the king had his servants provide generous amounts of his royal wine to his guests?
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1:8
|
||||
How would you translate **The drinking was carried out in keeping with the decree, "There must be no compulsion"**? Does it mean the king decreed that everyone could drink as little or much as they pleased, and his attendants and guests followed the his command?
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue