richmahn_en_tn/en_tn_24-JER.tsv

Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
JER	front	intro	l3xj			0		# Introduction to Jeremiah<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Jeremiah<br><br>1. Yahweh calls Jeremiah to be a prophet (1:1-19)<br>1. Yahweh will judge and punish Judah (2:1-29:32)<br>    * Judah called to repent of spiritual adultery (2:1–6:30)<br>    * Judah judged for its false religion (7:1–10:16)<br>    * Jeremiah stands between Yahweh and his people (11:1–20:19)<br>    * Jeremiah confronts his people (21:1–29:32)<br>1. Yahweh promises to restore Judah (30:1-33:26)<br>    * Yahweh will bring the people of Judah back to their land (30:1–24)<br>    * Yahweh will create a new covenant with them (31:1–40)<br>    * The people will come back (32:1–44)<br>    * Kings descended from David will rule again (33:1–26)<br>1. Jeremiah suffers (34:1-45:5)<br>    * Before Yahweh punishes Judah (34:1–36:32)<br>    * While Yahweh punishes Judah (37:1–39:18)<br>    * After Yahweh punishes Judah (40:1–45:5)<br>1. Yahweh will judge and punish the nations (46:1-51:64)<br>    * Egypt (46:1–28)<br>    * Philistia (47:1–28)<br>    * Moab (48:1–47)<br>    * Ammon (49:1–6)<br>    * Edom (49:7–22)<br>    * Damascus (49:23–27)<br>    * Kedar (49:28–33)<br>    * Elam (49:34–39)<br>    * Babylonia (50:1–51:64)<br>1. Jerusalem captured and destroyed (52:1–34)<br><br>### What is the Book of Jeremiah about?<br><br>The Book of Jeremiah gives the prophesies of a priest named Jeremiah. It also tells how Jeremiah suffered in different ways while he prophesied.<br><br>Jeremiah began prophesying about 626 B.C. After the death of King Josiah, many groups of people in Israel opposed Jeremiah. Some of these people wanted to depend on Egypt to protect the nation. Others were idol worshipers. They hated Jeremiah for denouncing their gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br><br>During the reign of King Jehoiakim, Jeremiah prophesied about the temple of Yahweh. King Jehoiakim received some of these prophecies in writing and burned the document. The next king, Zedekiah, put Jeremiah in prison when he told the king to surrender to Babylon.<br><br>King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylonia invaded Judah in 597 B.C. He conquered Jerusalem in 587 B.C. He offered Jeremiah housing and money if Jeremiah would go to Babylon. But Jeremiah remained in Jerusalem to help the few Jews left there.<br><br>Shortly after that, Gedaliah, whom Nebuchadnezzar had chosen to be governor over Judah, was murdered. Some Jewish rebels captured Jeremiah and took him to Egypt. Those rebels went to Egypt to be protected there rather than to live under Nebuchadnezzar’s rule. Jeremiah may have died soon after being taken to Egypt. But while in Egypt he prophesied that the Babylonians would invade and conquer Egypt.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The traditional title of this book is “The Book of Jeremiah” or just “Jeremiah.” Translators may also call it the “The Book about Jeremiah” or “What the Prophet Jeremiah Said.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Jeremiah?<br><br>Jeremiah was a priest and a prophet living in Judah. He spoke the prophesies in the Book of Jeremiah. A friend named Baruch wrote down many of the prophecies as Jeremiah spoke them to him.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What is the new covenant that is presented in the Book of Jeremiah?<br><br>Jeremiah introduced a “new covenant” between Yahweh and Israel (chapter 31). Yahweh would “write this covenant on the hearts” of the people. This means that the covenant would be a part of the people instead of just written on stone or paper. The people would obey the new covenant with all their heart. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>### What relationship do Jeremiah’s prophecies have to the other nations besides Israel?<br><br>Much of the Old Testament before this time is only about the nation of Israel. But Jeremiah also spoke of how Yahweh would judge other nations of the world. Yahweh would also punish the other nations for their wicked deeds. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Are the events in the Book of Jeremiah told in the order that they actually happened?<br><br>Many of the events in the Book of Jeremiah are not told in the order that they actually happened. Instead, the various prophecies appear to be arranged by topic.<br><br>### Why does the Book of Jeremiah refer to this prophet as “he” or “him”?<br><br>Many times in the book, the author refers to Jeremiah as “Jeremiah” or “he.” This is unusual if Jeremiah wrote the book. The reason this occurs is perhaps because Baruch, Jeremiah’s secretary, wrote down some parts of the book. Translators should keep the words “Jeremiah” and “he.”
JER	1	intro	e235			0		# Jeremiah 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 1:4-10.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jeremiah appointed as prophet<br><br>God chose Jeremiah to be his prophet and although many powerful people would be against him, God promised to protect him. This chapter emphasizes that Jeremiah was chosen by God to be his prophet. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br><br>### Northern kingdom<br>This was not a reference to the northern kingdom of Israel; it had already been conquered. It was a reference to a kingdom located north of Judah, that is, to Babylon. The Babylonian armies would attack Judah and conquer it.<br><br>### Opposition<br>The people were supposed to listen to God’s prophet. When he prophesied, they should have repented. Instead, they persecuted Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
JER	1	1	zm8t			0	Jeremiah son of Hilkiah, one of the priests	Alternate translation: “Jeremiah son of Hilkiah. Jeremiah was one of the priests”
JER	1	1	ynh2	translate-names		0	Hilkiah	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	1	1	hbs3	translate-names		0	Anathoth	This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	1	1	m9zz			0	the land of Benjamin	Alternate translation: “the land that belongs to the tribe of Benjamin”
JER	1	2	qj8r	figs-idiom		0	The word of Yahweh came to him	This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to him” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	1	2	tdx8			0	Yahweh	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
JER	1	2	gg1j	figs-idiom		0	in the days of Josiah son of Amon, king of Judah	Here “in the days of” is an idiom that refers to the time when a king reigned. Alternate translation: “when Josiah son of Amon was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	1	2	xy18	translate-ordinal		0	the thirteenth	The word “thirteenth” is the ordinal form of “13.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	1	2	bvz7	translate-names		0	Amon	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	1	2	h452			0	his reign	Alternate translation: “Josiah’s reign”
JER	1	3	wl81	translate-ordinal		0	the eleventh	The word “eleventh” is the ordinal form of “11.”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	1	3	vh91			0	It also came	Alternate translation: “The word of Yahweh also came”
JER	1	3	iba7	figs-idiom		0	in the days of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah	Here “in the days of” is an idiom that refers to the time when a king reigned. Alternate translation: “when Johoiakim son of Josiah was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	1	3	ui8x	translate-hebrewmonths		0	the fifth month	This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	1	3	xqi2	figs-explicit		0	of Zedekiah	This refers to the rule of Zedekiah. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “of the reign of Zedekiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	1	3	g4f3	figs-activepassive		0	when the people of Jerusalem were taken away as prisoners	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. It can be stated clearly that they were taken to Babylon. Alternate translation: “when the army of Babylon took the people of Jerusalem away as prisoners” or “when the army of Babylon took the people of Jerusalem as prisoners to Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	1	4	vzg7	figs-idiom		0	The word of Yahweh came to me, saying	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	1	5	j2el			0	formed you	Alternate translation: “shaped you”
JER	1	5	f9sn			0	before you came out from the womb	This can also be expressed without referring to the womb. Alternate translation: “before you were born”
JER	1	6	x52n			0	Ah, Lord Yahweh	Here “Ah” shows Jeremiah’s fear of doing what God has said.
JER	1	6	j6eh	figs-hyperbole		0	I do not know how to speak	Jeremiah may have been exaggerating to show his fear of speaking in public. Alternate translation: “I do not know how to speak in public” or “I do not know how to make announcements to people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER	1	8	r2iu			0	Do not be afraid of them	Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid of the people I will send you to speak to”
JER	1	8	jk96			0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	The word “this” refers to what Yahweh just said in verses 7 and 8.
JER	1	8	tfp9	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	1	9	gq1r	figs-metaphor		0	Then Yahweh reached out with his hand, touched my mouth	This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor representing Yahweh giving Jeremiah special authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then it was as though Yahweh touched my mouth” or (2) Jeremiah was seeing a vision and Yahweh actually did this as a symbolic act of giving Jeremiah authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh touched my mouth with his hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER	1	9	sw5r	figs-metaphor		0	I have placed my word in your mouth	This phrase represents giving Jeremiah his message. Alternate translation: “I have given you my message for you to speak to the people” or “I have enabled you to tell the people my message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	1	10	xz7w			0	I am appointing you … to uproot and break down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and plant	Jeremiah would do these things to various nations by saying that they would happen.
JER	1	10	k126			0	to uproot and break down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and plant	He would uproot, break down, destroy and overthrow some nations, and he would build and plant other nations.
JER	1	10	hzc6	figs-metaphor		0	to uproot	God speaks of Jeremiah destroying the nations by what he says as if the nations were plants and he were to pull them up out of the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	1	10	vgg1	figs-doublet		0	to destroy and overthrow	Jeremiah uses these words, which mean almost the same thing, to show that this will certainly happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	1	10	q2dm	figs-metaphor		0	to build and plant	God speaks of Jeremiah causing nations to become strong as if they were a building and he would build them, and as if they were plants and he would plant them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	1	11	i5z1	figs-idiom		0	The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, “What	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 1:4](./04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said, ‘What” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me: ‘What” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	1	11	hmj4			0	I see an almond branch	Yahweh shows Jeremiah a spiritual vision.
JER	1	11	zuu3	translate-unknown		0	an almond branch	An almond tree is a kind of nut tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JER	1	12	mr44	figs-metaphor		0	I am watching over my word to carry it out	This represents guaranteeing that he will do what he has said. Alternate translation: “I am remembering my word to carry it out” or “I guarantee that I will do what I have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	1	12	s9ac			0	for I am watching over my word	The Hebrew words for “almond” and “watch over” sound almost the same. God wants Jeremiah to remember that God will make his word succeed.
JER	1	13	ntu1	figs-idiom		0	The word of Yahweh came to me a second time, saying	The idiom “The word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](./04.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message a second time. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this second message to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	1	13	wx7m	figs-metonymy		0	whose surface is churning	The surface refers to the surface of the water in the pot. Jeremiah could see the water boiling. Alternate translation: “whose water is boiling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	1	13	dy8k			0	tipping away from the north	This means that it was tipping toward the south, where Jeremiah was in Judah.
JER	1	14	sxk1	figs-metaphor		0	Disaster will be opened up out of the north	“Disaster will be let loose from the north.” This represents God causing disaster to come from the north to the south. Alternate translation: “Disaster will come from the north” or “I will send disaster from the north” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	1	15	ci59			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah about the disaster that would come from the north.
JER	1	15	eu1c	figs-hyperbole		0	everyone	This generalization refers to the kings of the northern kingdoms. Alternate translation: “every king” or “all of the northern kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER	1	15	duv8	figs-metaphor		0	will set his throne at the entrance of the gates of Jerusalem	This could mean: (1) this represents ruling over Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will rule at the gates of Jerusalem” or (2) this represents judging Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will judge Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	1	15	j1zf	figs-metonymy		0	against all the walls that surround it	Setting their thrones “against all the walls that surround it” represents commanding their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “and they will command their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	1	15	d8i9	figs-metonymy		0	against all the cities of Judah	Setting their thrones “against all the cities of Judah” represents commanding their armies to destroy all the cities of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	1	16	gg7p			0	I will pronounce sentence against them	Alternate translation: “I will announce how I will punish them”
JER	1	16	wrh7			0	I will pronounce sentence against them	Alternate translation: “I will pronounce sentence against the people of Judah”
JER	1	16	s442			0	worshiping what they made with their own hands	Since the people had made the idols with their own hands, they should have known that the idols are not worthy of worship.
JER	1	17	k94h			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
JER	1	17	qw4v	figs-metaphor		0	Do not be shattered … I will shatter you	Here “be shattered” represents being extremely afraid, and “shatter” represents causing Jeremiah to be extremely afraid. Alternate translation: “Do not be terrified … I will terrify you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	1	18	q32g			0	Behold!	Alternate translation: “Pay attention!”
JER	1	18	k16n	figs-metaphor		0	Today I have made you a fortified city, an iron pillar, and bronze walls against the whole land	Being strong like these things represents being confident and unchanging in saying what God had told him to say. Alternate translation: “I have made you strong against the whole land like a fortified city, an iron pillar, and bronze walls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	1	18	l1sl	figs-metaphor		0	iron … bronze	These were the strongest materials known at that time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	1	18	u7cf	figs-metonymy		0	the whole land	This represents all the people of the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	1	19	zp53			0	They will fight against you	This refers to the people of Judah.
JER	1	19	c3xx	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	2	intro	cx16			0		# Jeremiah 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 2:1-31.<br><br>The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 2:1-3:5. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The people refuse to learn<br><br>The people worshiped other gods, particularly the fertility gods of Baal and Ashtoreth. Even when the nation was punished, the people did not learn. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Israel is compared to a female camel or a wild donkey for being unstable and lustful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	1	n8ww	figs-idiom		0	The word of Yahweh came to me, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	2	2	g2d8			0	Go and proclaim in the hearing of Jerusalem	Alternate translation: “Go and speak where the people in Jerusalem can hear you”
JER	2	2	mz95			0	I have called to mind on your behalf	Alternate translation: “I remember about you”
JER	2	2	jw4x	figs-abstractnouns		0	the covenant faithfulness in your youthfulness, your love	The abstract nouns “faithfulness,” “youthfulness” and “love” can be expressed with the adjectives “faithful” and “young,” and the verb “love.” Alternate translation: “how, when you were young, you were faithful to our covenant, and how you loved me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	2	2	p3v3	figs-metaphor		0	when we were engaged	God speaks of his relationship with the people of Israel as though they had been engaged to be married. Alternate translation: “when we first agreed that we would marry each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	2	gl65	figs-activepassive		0	the land that was not sown	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “the land where no one had sown seed” or “the land where no food was growing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	2	3	ubv5	figs-metaphor		0	the firstfruits of his harvest	God speaks of Israel as if they were an offering dedicated to God. Alternate translation: “like the firstfruits of his harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	3	b2kn	figs-metaphor		0	All who ate from the firstfruits were held guilty	God speaks of those who attacked Israel as if they were eating the offering that was set apart for God. Alternate translation: “All who attacked Israel were held guilty like people who ate from the first fruits of his harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	3	j1qx	figs-metaphor		0	disaster came upon them	The phrase “came upon them” is a metaphor for happened to them. Alternate translation: “Disasters happened to them” or “I made terrible things happen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	3	bei6	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	2	4	u5jc	figs-parallelism		0	house of Jacob, all you clans of the house of Israel	Jacob and Israel were two names for one man, and these two phrases refer to the same group of people. Alternate translation: “all you descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	2	4	gq5q	figs-metonymy		0	house of Jacob	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob’s descendants. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	2	4	p8u3	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants, who had become the nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	2	5	y22p	figs-rquestion		0	What did your fathers find wrong with me, that they went far from following me? That they went after useless idols and became useless themselves?	Yahweh uses these questions to say that since he has done no wrong, his people should not have rejected him and worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “I did nothing wrong to your forefathers, so they should not have gone far from following me, and they should not have gone after useless idols. By doing that they themselves have become useless!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	2	5	k654	figs-metaphor		0	they went far from following me	This represents rejecting God and refusing to be loyal to him. Alternate translation: “they rejected me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	5	p2c2	figs-metaphor		0	they went after useless idols	This represents choosing to be loyal to idols and worship them. Alternate translation: “they worshiped useless idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	5	ea5y			0	useless idols	idols that people can use for nothing good. The translation should not make people think that there are some idols that are useful.
JER	2	6	qj82	figs-explicit		0	They did not say	It is implied that they should have said what follows. Alternate translation: “They should have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	2	6	bj3g	figs-rquestion		0	Where is Yahweh, who brought us … Egypt?	This rhetorical question would have been used to show the people’s need of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need Yahweh. He is the one who brought us … Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	2	6	sb9y	figs-rquestion		0	Where is Yahweh, who led us … lives?	This rhetorical question would have been used to show the people’s need of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need Yahweh. He is the one who led us … lives.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	2	6	xpu1	figs-metaphor		0	a land of drought and deep darkness	A “land of drought” is a land that does not have enough water. Here “deep darkness” is a metaphor for danger. Alternate translation: “a dangerous land where there is not enough water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	7	e78y	figs-parallelism		0	you defiled my land, you made my inheritance an abomination!	These two phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “you sinned and made the land I gave you disgusting to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	2	7	z346	figs-metaphor		0	you defiled my land	Here “defiled” represents making the land unacceptable to God. They did this by sinning against him there when they worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “by sinning, you made my land no good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	7	x8z6			0	you made my inheritance an abomination	Alternate translation: “you made my inheritance disgusting by your sin” or “by sinning, you made my inheritance repulsive”
JER	2	7	bs45	figs-metaphor		0	my inheritance	This could mean: (1) God is speaking of his land as if he had inherited it. Alternate translation: “my land” or (2) God is speaking of the land he gave to Israel as if he had given it to them as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land I gave you” or “the land I gave you as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	8	kt1g	figs-rquestion		0	Where is Yahweh?	This question would have shown that they wanted to obey Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need to obey Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	2	8	hl48			0	did not care about me	Alternate translation: “were not committed to me” or “rejected me”
JER	2	8	vv8y	figs-metaphor		0	The shepherds transgressed against me	The leaders are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people who followed them were sheep. Alternate translation: “Their leaders sinned against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	8	fs7t	figs-metaphor		0	walked after unprofitable things	Here “walked after” represents obeying or worshiping. Alternate translation: “obeyed unprofitable things” or “worshiped unprofitable things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	8	b2si			0	unprofitable things	Unprofitable things are things that cannot help a person. Here it refers to idols.
JER	2	9	wb2t			0	your sons’ sons	Alternate translation: “your future generations”
JER	2	10	m3dc	translate-names		0	cross over to the coasts of Kittim	Kittim was an island west of Israel. Today it is called Cyprus. It represented all the lands far to the west of Israel. Alternate translation: “go west across the ocean to Kittim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	2	10	r42k	translate-names		0	Send messengers out to Kedar	Kedar is the name of a land far to the east of Israel. Alternate translation: “Send messengers far east to the land of Kedar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	2	11	g27j	figs-rquestion		0	Has a nation exchanged gods … gods?	God uses this question to tell the people of Israel that other nations continue to worship their own gods. They do not change and worship other gods. Alternate translation: “You will see that no nation has ever exchanged gods … gods.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	2	11	y4gc	figs-123person		0	But my people have exchanged their glory for what cannot help them	Here God speaks as though he were not speaking directly to his people. Alternate translation: “But you, my people, have exchanged me, your glorious God, for what cannot help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	2	11	ad5n	figs-metonymy		0	their glory	This expression refers to God himself, who is glorious. Alternate translation: “their glorious God” or “me, your glorious God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	2	11	i74r	figs-metonymy		0	for what cannot help	Here false gods are spoken of in terms of what they cannot do. Alternate translation: “for false gods, which cannot help” or “for gods who cannot help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	2	12	gfd1	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	2	13	xga4	figs-metaphor		0	have abandoned the springs of living waters	God speaks of himself as if he were springs of living waters. Alternate translation: “have abandoned me, their springs of living waters” or “have abandoned me, who is like springs of living water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	13	zfj3	figs-metaphor		0	have dug out cisterns for themselves	God speaks of false gods as if they were cisterns that people dig in order to get water. Alternate translation: “have gone to false gods, which are like cisterns they have dug for themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	13	y6j8			0	cisterns	deep holes for storing water
JER	2	14	gf3q	figs-123person		0	Is Israel a slave? Was he born in his master’s home? So why has he become plunder?	Though Yahweh was speaking to the people of Israel, he used the third person as though he were talking to someone else about Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel, are you a slave? Were you born at home? So why have you become plunder?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	2	14	dz58	figs-rquestion		0	Is Israel a slave? Was he born in his master’s home?	Yahweh uses these questions to tell why Israel should not have become plunder. Alternate translation: “Israel is not a slave. Israel was not born at home.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	2	14	fp49	figs-metonymy		0	Was he born in his master’s home	Here “born in his master’s home” is metonym for being born into slavery. Alternate translation: “Was he born a slave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	2	14	d84g	figs-rquestion		0	So why has he become plunder?	Yahweh uses this question to indicate that Israel should not have become plunder. Alternate translation: “So he should not have become plunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	2	14	gd7n	figs-metaphor		0	So why has he become plunder	Here “become plunder” represents being attacked and taken as captives to another country. Alternate translation: “So why has Israel been taken away as captives” or “So why have Israel’s enemies taken Israel away as captives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	15	sra1	figs-metaphor		0	Young lions roared against him. They made a lot of noise	God speaks of Israel’s enemies attacking Israel as if the enemies were lions roaring and attacking Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	15	w8su	figs-metonymy		0	made his land a horror	This represents destroying the land in such a way that people will feel horror when they see it. Alternate translation: “destroyed Israel’s land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	2	15	bs9w			0	Young lions roared	A roar is a loud sound that a wild animal makes when it attacks.
JER	2	15	fgd1	figs-activepassive		0	His cities are destroyed without any inhabitants	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They have destroyed Israel’s cities and now no one lives in them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	2	15	ph93			0	inhabitants	people who live in a certain place
JER	2	16	z9t5	translate-names		0	Memphis and Tahpanhes	These are the names of two cities in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	2	16	z84p			0	will shave your skull	The Egyptians shaved the head of their slaves to mark them as slaves.
JER	2	16	f67y			0	will shave your skull	Some versions interpret the Hebrew text as “have cracked your skull.”
JER	2	17	rh64	figs-rquestion		0	Did you not do this to yourselves when you abandoned Yahweh your God, while he was leading you along the way?	Yahweh uses this question to remind Israel that it is their own fault that their enemies attacked them. Alternate translation: “You caused this yourselves by abandoning Yahweh your God while he was leading you along the way.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	2	18	ksj8	figs-rquestion		0	So now, why take the road to Egypt and drink the waters of Shihor? Why take the road to Assyria and drink the waters of the Euphrates River?	Yahweh uses these questions to remind his people that it does not do any good to ask Egypt and Assyria to help them. Alternate translation: “It does not help you to go to Egypt and drink from the waters of the Shihor River, or to go to Assyria and drink from the waters of the Euphrates River.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	2	18	qic3	figs-metaphor		0	why take the road to Egypt and drink the waters of Shihor … Why take the road to Assyria and drink the waters of the Euphrates River	These are a metaphor for asking the Egyptian and Assyrian armies to help them. Alternate translation: “why ask the Egyptians to help you … Why ask the Assyrians to help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	18	b4bs	translate-names		0	Shihor	This is the name of a stream associated with Egypt. It may have been a branch of the Nile River. Some versions call it the Nile. Alternate translation: “the Shihor Stream” or “the Shihor River” or “the Nile River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	2	19	d7s4	figs-personification		0	Your wickedness rebukes you, and your faithlessness punishes you	Both of these phrases mean that their punishment is the result of their wicked behavior. Alternate translation: “Because you have been wicked and unfaithful, I will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	2	19	r6k2	figs-hendiadys		0	it is wicked and bitter	Here the word “bitter” describes “wicked.” Alternate translation: “it is bitterly wicked” or “it is extremely wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
JER	2	20	z744	figs-metaphor		0	For I broke your yoke that you had in ancient days; I tore your fetters off you. Still you said, ‘I will not serve!’	Here “broke your yoke” and “tore your fetters off you” are metaphors for setting them free from slavery. The people of Israel had been slaves in Egypt. Alternate translation: “Long ago I released you from slavery, but still you refused to worship me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	20	i6lm			0	fetters	chains used to restrain a person or an animal
JER	2	20	e3b8	figs-metaphor		0	since you bowed down on every high hill and beneath every leafy tree, you adulterer	What they bowed down to can be stated clearly. Here “adulterer” is a metaphor for someone who is unfaithful to God. Alternate translation: “You bowed down to idols and worshiped them instead of me, like an adulterous wife who is unfaithful to her husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	20	rwq2			0	beneath	below
JER	2	21	ppz2	figs-metaphor		0	I planted you as a choice vine, completely from pure seed	God speaks of making his people into a great nation in Canaan as if they were the seed of a grapevine that he had planted. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, started you with a very good beginning, like a farmer who uses excellent seed to plant the best kind of vine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	21	w7eu			0	a choice vine	Alternate translation: “a vine of very good quality”
JER	2	21	ys3q			0	completely from pure seed	Here “pure seed” is the best seed that has not been mixed with seed that is not good. Alternate translation: “that grew from excellent seed”
JER	2	21	ht1q	figs-rquestion		0	How then have you have changed yourself into a corrupt, worthless vine?	God uses this question to rebuke his people for changing and becoming like a corrupt worthless vine. Alternate translation: “But you have changed yourself into a corrupt, worthless vine!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	2	22	d3qb	figs-123person		0	this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	2	23	njn2	figs-rquestion		0	How can you say, ‘I … have not walked after the Baals’?	God uses this question to rebuke his people for saying that they have not worshiped the Baals. Alternate translation: “You lie when you say, ‘I … have not walked after the Baals.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	2	23	ga8k	figs-metaphor		0	walked after	This is a metaphor for serving or worshiping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	23	y5u9	figs-metaphor		0	you are a swift female camel running here and there	God speaks of Israel worshiping other gods as if they were like a female camel running in different directions looking for a male camel to mate with. Alternate translation: “You are like a swift female camel running back and forth looking for a male camel to mate with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	23	uh3n			0	swift	able to run quickly
JER	2	24	vc12	figs-metaphor		0	a wild donkey accustomed to the wilderness, in her heat sniffing the wind	God speaks of Israel worshiping other gods as if they were a wild female donkey running to find male donkeys. Alternate translation: “You are like a young female donkey that lives in the desert. When she wants to mate she is out of control and constantly sniffs the breeze to find a mate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	24	ll6w	figs-idiom		0	in her heat	This phrase is an idiom referring to the time when a female donkey wants to mate with male donkeys. Alternate translation: “when she wants to mate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	2	24	e3r7	figs-rquestion		0	Who can restrain her lust?	This question is used to emphasize that no one can control a female donkey when she is wants to mate with a male donkey. Alternate translation: “No one can turn her around when she wants to mate.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	2	25	j3xn	figs-metaphor		0	You must restrain your feet from becoming bare and your throat from being thirsty!	God speaks of Israel wanting to worship other gods as if they were running around in the desert looking for those gods. Alternate translation: “I have told you to stop running here and there chasing after false gods, because all that it does is wear out your sandals and make you very thirsty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	25	gpl8	figs-explicit		0	It is hopeless	“There is no hope for us to restrain ourselves.” This implies that they cannot stop themselves from running after other gods. Alternate translation: “We cannot stop ourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	2	25	zq2r	figs-metaphor		0	No, I love strangers and go after them!	Here “strangers” represents foreign gods, and “go after them” represents worshiping them. Alternate translation: “We must follow after foreign gods and worship them!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	26	i7vu	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	2	26	amq4	figs-idiom		0	when he is found	This idiom means that someone discovers that the person’s actions. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when someone finds him” or “when people know that he has stolen things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	2	26	w6vi			0	they, their kings, their princes, and their priests and prophets	This list shows that everyone belonging to Israel will be ashamed.
JER	2	27	yi97	figs-metonymy		0	These are the ones who say to the tree, ‘You are my father,’ and to the stone, ‘You gave birth to me.’	Here “tree” and “stone” represent idols carved from wood and stone. These words emphasize that the idol was made of ordinary things and is not worthy of worship. Alternate translation: “These people are the ones who say to a carved piece of wood, ‘You are my father,’ and to a carved stone, ‘You gave birth to me.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	2	27	rzb7	figs-metaphor		0	their back faces me and not their faces	“their backs are toward me; their faces are not toward me.” This represents them rejecting God. Alternate translation: “they have turned away from me” or “they have turned their backs toward me and not their faces” or “they have completely rejected me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	27	v294	figs-explicit		0	Arise and save us	It can be made clear that they say this to Yahweh. “Yahweh, come and save us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	2	28	dv1r	figs-rquestion		0	Yet where are the gods that you made for yourselves?	With this question God implies that people should ask the gods they worship to help them. He uses this irony to show that he is angry that they worship other gods. Alternate translation: “You should ask the gods you made to help you.” or “You do not ask the gods you made to help you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER	2	28	bmg6	figs-irony		0	Let them arise if they wish to save you in your time of troubles	God implies that false gods should help the people who worship them. He knows that false gods cannot help people. When he said this he was using irony to show that he was angry that his people worshiped false gods. Alternate translation: “You do not ask them because know you that they cannot save you in your time of troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER	2	29	xa5m	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	2	30	e8re	figs-metaphor		0	They would not accept discipline	Here “accept discipline” represents learning from discipline. Alternate translation: “They refused to learn from discipline” or “When I disciplined them, they refused to learn to obey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	30	m3cp	figs-metaphor		0	Your sword has devoured your prophets like a destructive lion	God speaks of the people of Israel killing the prophets as if their sword were a lion that ate the prophets. Alternate translation: “You have killed the prophets brutally with your sword like a destructive lion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	30	px12			0	destructive	capable of causing a very large amount of damage
JER	2	31	iyj9			0	You who belong to this generation! Pay attention to my word, the word of Yahweh	The phrase “this generation” refers to the people who lived when Jeremiah lived. Alternate translation: “You who live today, pay attention to what I, Yahweh, say to you”
JER	2	31	egz3	figs-metaphor		0	Have I been a wilderness to Israel? Or a land of deep darkness?	Here “a wilderness” and “a land of deep darkness” are metaphors for danger. God uses this question to rebuke the Israelites for behaving as though he had been dangerous. Alternate translation: “You act as though I have been like a wilderness or a land of deep darkness to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	2	31	r2gx	figs-rquestion		0	Why would my people say, ‘Let us wander around, we will not go to you anymore’?	God uses this question to rebuke his people for saying this. Alternate translation: “You my people say ‘We can go where we want to go and not worship Yahweh anymore.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	2	31	c46a			0	wander	move around or go to different places usually without any particular purpose or direction
JER	2	32	ajg9	figs-ellipsis		0	Will a virgin forget her jewelry, a bride her veils	The words “will” and “forget” are understood to be part of the second phrase also. Alternate translation: “Will a virgin forget her jewelry, and will a bride forget her veils” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	2	32	snl1	figs-rquestion		0	Will a virgin forget her jewelry, a bride her veils?	God uses this question to introduce the idea of remembering things that are important to someone. Alternate translation: “You know that a virgin would never forget to put on her jewelry, and a bride would never forget to put on her veils.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	2	32	el7h			0	days without number	Alternate translation: “a very long time”
JER	2	33	amu3	figs-irony		0	How well you make your way to look for love	God appears to be praising his people for looking for love, but this is irony. He was showing that he was angry with them for being unfaithful to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER	2	33	sl8c	figs-metaphor		0	to look for love	God speaks of his people worshiping other gods as if they were a woman who is unfaithful to her husband and is looking for other men to love her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	2	33	ymk8	figs-irony		0	You have even taught your ways to wicked women	God speaks of how unfaithful his people are to him as though they were even teaching prostitutes how to be unfaithful to their husbands and find other men to be their lovers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER	2	34	t7iw	figs-explicit		0	The blood that was the life of innocent, poor people has been found on your clothes	Blood on their clothes was evidence that they had killed people. Alternate translation: “The blood of innocent, poor people on your clothes shows that you are guilty of killing them” or “You are guilty of killing poor and innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	2	34	z8tn			0	The blood that was the life	Alternate translation: “The blood that represents the life”
JER	2	34	bb1t	figs-activepassive		0	These people were not discovered in acts of burglary	If they found people in an act of burglary, this might have been an excuse for killing them. But the people that they murdered were innocent. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You did not discover these people stealing things” or “But you killed them even though they were not even stealing anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	2	35	w9ip	figs-personification		0	surely his anger has turned away from me	Here anger is spoken of as if it were a person that could turn away from Israel. Its turning represents Yahweh’s stopping be angry with Israel. Alternate translation: “surely Yahweh has stopped being angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	2	35	w15i	figs-metonymy		0	I will bring down judgment on you	Here “judgment” represents punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	2	36	vpy2	figs-rquestion		0	Why do you treat so very lightly this change in your ways?	Yahweh is scolding the Israelites because they changed from one kingdom to another for help but did not rely on God for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	2	36	s2aj			0	lightly	without care or concern
JER	2	36	gc4f			0	You will also be disappointed by Egypt	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Egypt will also disappoint you”
JER	2	36	jiq5	figs-explicit		0	You will also be disappointed by Egypt	The people of Israel will be sad because the army of Egypt will not be able protect them. Alternate translation: “You will be disappointed when Egypt does not protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	2	36	f9em	figs-ellipsis		0	just as you were by Assyria	The word “disappointed” is understood from the previous phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as you were disappointed by Assyria” or “just as Assyria disappointed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	2	37	e943			0	You will also go out from there	Alternate translation: “You will go out from Egypt”
JER	2	37	tk5j	translate-symaction		0	with your hands on your head	This is a symbol of shame. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER	2	37	dzs3	figs-activepassive		0	so you will not be helped by them	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so they will not help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	3	intro	v6u2			0		# Jeremiah 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:1-5, 12-17, 19-25.<br><br>The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 2:1-3:5. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. The same is true for 3:19-4:3. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Judah told to repent<br><br>If Judah repents, God will bring the people back from the captivity into which he is going to send them. In this book, “Israel” serves as another name Judah because the northern kingdom of Israel no longer exists. The people group formed by these ten tribes had been scattered among the other nations by the Assyrians, who had conquered them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>### Adultery<br>Judah’s faithlessness to God is often pictured as adultery. This is a common image in Scripture. When Judah does not worship God, their nation is spoken of as if it were a woman unfaithful to her husband. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
JER	3	1	b8c6	figs-rquestion		0	will he return to her again?	God uses this question to remind the people that a man would never return to his wife if another man marries her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “he would not return to her again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	3	1	wfd2	figs-rquestion		0	Would that land not be greatly polluted?	God uses this question to remind the people that a married man would not return to his wife if she married another man, because he knows that the land would become ceremonially unclean. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He knows that if he did, the land would be greatly polluted.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	3	1	f5ac	figs-metaphor		0	greatly polluted	This is a metaphor for being terribly unacceptable to God. Alternate translation: “completely unacceptable to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	3	1	j8li	figs-simile		0	You have lived as a prostitute who has many lovers	God speaks of Israel worshiping many idols as being like a woman having sex with many men. Alternate translation: “You have given your love and trust to idols the way a prostitute gives her body to men who are not her husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	3	1	j5dl	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	3	2	f7nj	figs-metonymy		0	Lift up your eyes	Here “your eyes” represents looking at something. Alternate translation: “Look up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	3	2	d2qe	figs-metaphor		0	Is there any place where you have not had illicit sex?	God speaks of Israel worshiping idols as if they were a woman who had sex with many different men. He uses this question to tell the Israelites that he knows that they have worshiped idols everywhere. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no place where you have not had illicit sex!” or “As a whore sleeps with many men, you have worshiped your idols everywhere!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	3	2	tkw5	figs-metaphor		0	By the roadsides you sat waiting for your lovers	God speaks of his people being eager to worship any idol as being like a prostitute waiting by the road for any man to come along. Alternate translation: “Like a prostitutes waiting at the roadside for her lovers, you were eager to worship any idol you learned about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	3	2	p75c	figs-simile		0	as an Arab in the wilderness	God speaks of his people being eager to worship any idol as being like someone in the wilderness waiting for anyone to come along so he could rob them. Alternate translation: “like an Arab in the wilderness waiting for people he might rob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	3	2	h79r	translate-names		0	an Arab in the wilderness	An Arab is a person from Arabia. Some Arabs lived as nomads in the desert and would rob others who came near them. Alternate translation: “a nomad in the wilderness” or “a robber in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JER	3	3	bza8	figs-activepassive		0	So the showers have been withheld	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So I withheld the showers from you” or “So I prevented the rains from falling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	3	3	ry2i	figs-metonymy		0	you have the forehead of a prostitute	The arrogance showing on a person’s face is spoken of as if the face itself were arrogant. Alternate translation: “But the expression on your face shows that you arrogant, like the face of a prostitute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	3	5	gxd9			0	Connecting Statement:	The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you not” in verse 4 ends here.
JER	3	5	tm6g	figs-rquestion		0	Will he … to the end?’	The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you not” in verse 4 ends here. God uses this question to rebuke his people for calling out to him and saying these things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have just called out to me: ‘My father … youth! Will he … to the end?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	3	5	ks4c	figs-rquestion		0	Will he always be angry? Will he always keep his wrath to the end?	These questions express the people’s hope that God will not be angry with them forever. They can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Surely he will not always be angry. Surely he will not always keep his wrath to the end.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	3	5	ad4m			0	Look!	Alternate translation: “pay attention” or “listen”
JER	3	6	q6wm	figs-rquestion		0	Do you see what faithless Israel has done?	God uses this question to draw Jeremiah’s attention to Israel’s faithlessness. It can be translated as a command or a statement. Alternate translation: “See how faithless Israel is to me.” or “You see how faithless Israel is to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	3	6	pea6	figs-metaphor		0	She has gone up	The people of Israel are spoken of as if Israel were a woman. Alternate translation: “Israel’s people have gone up” or “They have gone up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	3	6	q6pr	figs-hyperbole		0	every high hill and under every leafy tree	The tops of hills and under shade trees were common places for people to worship idols. The word “every” is used as a generalization to show that the people were worshiping idols in many different places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER	3	6	r3ip	figs-simile		0	she has acted like a prostitute	God speaks as of Israel worshiping idols as if she were a woman having sex with many men. Alternate translation: (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	3	7	wy1h	figs-metaphor		0	her faithless sister Judah saw	God speaks of Israel and Judah as if they were sisters. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah, who also did not obey me, saw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	3	8	k4ts			0	bill of divorce	Something that a man writes to certify that he has divorced his wife.
JER	3	9	l7vx			0	Her prostitution was nothing to her	Here prostitution being “nothing” represents Judah not caring about it. Alternate translation: “She did not care about her prostitution” or “She was not ashamed of her prostitution”
JER	3	9	t26n	figs-metaphor		0	she defiled the land	Here “defiled” represents making the land unacceptable to God. They did this by sinning against him there when they worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “she made my land no good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	3	9	h9kk	figs-metonymy		0	she committed adultery with stones and trees	Here “stones” and “trees” represent the stone and wood material that was used to create idols. The people’s idol worship is spoken of as if they were committing adultery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	3	10	u38c	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	3	11	cnw5			0	Faithless Israel has been more righteous than faithless Judah!	By calling Israel “more righteous” than Judah, God emphasizes that Judah is very guilty. Alternate translation: “Israel has been unfaithful to me, but Judah is even more guilty than Israel”
JER	3	12	nc94	figs-metonymy		0	Go and proclaim these words to the north	Here the north represents the people of Israel who had been taken north to Assyria. Alternate translation: “Go and proclaim these words to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	3	13	vc3r			0	Acknowledge your iniquity	“Admit how you have sinned.” God was speaking to Israel.
JER	3	13	afy2	figs-metaphor		0	you have shared your ways with strangers under every leafy tree!	The word “strangers” refers to foreign gods. God speaks of Israel worshiping foreign gods as if Israel were a woman who was having sex with strangers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	3	13	cyd5	figs-hyperbole		0	under every leafy tree	People would worship idols under trees. The word “every” is a generalization used to show that the people of Israel worshiped many gods under many different trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER	3	13	n89f	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	3	14	rfl1	figs-metaphor		0	I am your husband	God speaks of Israel belonging to him as if he were Israel’s husband. Alternate translation: “you belong to me as a wife belongs to her husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	3	15	khd7	figs-metaphor		0	I will give you shepherds … they will shepherd you	Here God speaks of leaders as if they were shepherds and the people they led were sheep. Alternate translation: “I will give you leaders … they will lead you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	3	15	jfu5	figs-metonymy		0	shepherds after my heart	Here “heart” represents Yahweh’s desire or will. The phrase “after my heart” is an idiom that describes people who do God’s will. Alternate translation: “shepherds who do my will” or “shepherds who do what I want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	3	16	aah8	figs-metaphor		0	you will increase and bear fruit	The word “you” refers to the people of Israel. The phrase “bear fruit” is a metaphor for having many descendants. Alternate translation: “you will increase greatly in number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	3	16	dr84	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	3	16	p5dj	figs-metonymy		0	This matter will no longer come up in their hearts	Here “come up in their hearts” represents thinking about it. Alternate translation: “They will no longer think of this matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	3	17	i1da	figs-metonymy		0	This is Yahweh’s throne	Here “Yahweh’s throne” represents the place from where Yahweh rules. Alternate translation: “This is from where Yahweh rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	3	17	m3kn	figs-metaphor		0	They will no longer walk in the stubbornness of their wicked hearts	Yahweh speaks of people’s actions as if the people were walking along a path. Here the word “hearts” represents their minds or wills. Alternate translation: “They will no longer stubbornly do the wicked things that they want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	3	18	nc4e	figs-metaphor		0	the house of Judah will walk with the house of Israel	Here “walk with” represents being united. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah will be united with the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	3	18	gyl2	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	3	18	f85t	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	3	18	ni8b	figs-metaphor		0	the land that I gave your ancestors as an inheritance	God speaks of giving them the land to possess forever as if it were an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land that I gave to your ancestors so that it would belong to their descendants forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	3	19	mwz9			0	As for me	the word “me” refers to Yahweh
JER	3	19	x77q	figs-exclamations		0	How I want to treat you as my son … nation	This is an exclamation that expresses God’s desire. Alternate translation: “I want so much to treat you as my son … nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
JER	3	19	fll8	figs-simile		0	I want to treat you as my son	God speaks of Israel as if Israel were his son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	3	19	h67j	figs-metaphor		0	an inheritance more beautiful	God speaks of the land he wanted to give to Israel as if it were an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	3	20	p93d	figs-simile		0	But like a woman faithless to her husband, you have betrayed me	God speaks of Israel being unfaithful to him as if she were an unfaithful wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	3	20	ay61	figs-metonymy		0	house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “kingdom of Israel” or “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	3	20	y4z7	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	3	21	jt6v	figs-activepassive		0	A voice is heard	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People hear a noise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	3	21	n3ty			0	the weeping and pleading of the people of Israel	Alternate translation: “the people of Israel crying and begging loudly”
JER	3	21	kza9	figs-metaphor		0	they have forgotten Yahweh their God	Here “have forgotten” represents neglecting or ignoring. Alternate translation: “They have ignored Yahweh their God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	3	22	y37e	figs-metaphor		0	I will heal you of treachery!	This could mean: (1) “heal you of treachery” represents causing Israel to stop being unfaithful to God. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to stop being unfaithful to me” or (2) “heal you of treachery” represents forgiving Israel for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: “I will forgive your treachery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	3	22	n26k			0	heal you of treachery	Alternate translation: “heal you so you will stop being unfaithful to me”
JER	3	22	z8l6	figs-ellipsis		0	Behold! We will come to you	It is understood that this is what the people of Israel will say. Alternate translation: “The people will reply, ‘Behold! We will come to you” or “You will say “Behold! We will come to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	3	22	t3nz			0	Behold	Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
JER	3	23	az6h	figs-metonymy		0	Surely lies come from the hills	Here “the hills” represent the people’s worship of false gods on the hills. The people now realize that those false gods could not guide and help them. Alternate translation: “The false gods that we worshiped on the hills could not guide us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	3	23	uic1	figs-explicit		0	a confusing noise from the mountains	People made a lot of noise on the hills and mountains when they worshiped false gods. Alternate translation: “We made a confusing noise on the mountains while we worshiped them, but they did not help us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	3	23	n3uy			0	surely Yahweh our God is the salvation of Israel	Alternate translation: “surely Yahweh our God is the savior of Israel” or “surely Yahweh our God is the only one who can save Israel”
JER	3	24	q1yv			0	their flocks and cattle, their sons and daughters	This is a list of animals and people that the people of Israel had killed and offered to the idols.
JER	3	25	qy9p	figs-parallelism		0	Let us lie down in shame. May our shame cover us	These phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that the people are fully aware of their shameful behavior. Alternate translation: “Let us be completely humiliated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	3	25	ny7e	figs-metaphor		0	May our shame cover us	Being fully aware of their shame is spoken of as if shame were covering them like a blanket or a garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	3	25	x6vr	figs-metaphor		0	from the time of our youthfulness	This could mean: (1) “the time of our youthfulness” refers to when each person was young. Alternate translation: “from when we were young” or (2) “the time of our youthfulness” is a metaphor that refers to when Israel was first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: “from when we were first becoming a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	3	25	u638	figs-metonymy		0	have not listened to the voice of Yahweh our God	Here “listened” represents obeying, and “the voice of Yahweh” represents what Yahweh has said. Alternate translation: “have not obeyed what Yahweh our God has said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	4	intro	yf6n			0		# Jeremiah 4 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 4:1-9.<br><br>The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 3:19-4:3. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s punishment<br>This chapter prophecies Yahweh’s punishment on Judah. This should bring Judah to repentance, but it does not. It is also intended to make the nations fear the power of Yahweh and make them desire to worship him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])
JER	4	1	nmt1	figs-metonymy		0	then it should be to me that you return	This could mean: (1) this is a command that emphasizes who they should return to. Alternate translation: “then come back to me” or “then worship me” (2) this is a repetition of the first phrase, which expresses a condition. Alternate translation: “if you will come back to me” or “if you will start worshiping me again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	4	1	q5zm	figs-metonymy		0	If you remove your detestable things from before me	Here “detestable things” refers to idols, which God hates. Alternate translation: “If you remove your disgusting idols from my presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	4	1	g7zg	figs-metaphor		0	do not wander from me again	Here “wander” is a metaphor for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: “if you remain faithful to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	4	2	qu22	figs-idiom		0	As Yahweh lives	“As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	4	2	i2an	figs-metonymy		0	the nations will bless themselves in him	Here “the nations” is a metonym for people of other nations. The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Since Yahweh is speaking, it can also be translated as “me.” Alternate translation: “people of other nations will bless themselves in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	4	2	hbb7	figs-metonymy		0	the nations will bless themselves in him	Here “bless themselves in him” is a metonym for asking Yahweh to bless them. Alternate translation: “the people of the nations will ask Yahweh to bless them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	4	2	nkf4	figs-123person		0	in him they will glory	The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Since Yahweh is speaking, “him” can also be translated as “me.” Alternate translation: “they will boast in me” or “they will praise me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	4	3	u4kd	figs-metaphor		0	Plow your own ground, and do not sow among thorns	Yahweh tells the people to prepare their lives like a farmer prepares the ground for planting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	4	4	wva4	figs-metaphor		0	Circumcise yourselves to Yahweh, and remove the foreskins of your heart	Yahweh describes the people’s devotion to him in terms of the physical sign of covenant. Alternate translation: “Dedicate yourselves completely to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	4	4	pp1f	figs-parallelism		0	Circumcise yourselves … remove the foreskins of your heart	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	4	4	kf3t	figs-simile		0	my fury will break out like fire, and burn with no one to quench it	Yahweh speaks of becoming extremely angry as if his anger were fire. Alternate translation: “my anger will burn like a fire and no one will be able to stop it” or “I will be extremely angry, and no one will be able to stop me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	4	4	tw9h			0	fury	Alternate translation: “great anger”
JER	4	5	e8kp	figs-parallelism		0	Report in Judah and let it be heard in Jerusalem	These phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	4	5	j19h	figs-activepassive		0	let it be heard in Jerusalem	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “cause the people in Jerusalem to hear it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	4	5	lrv2			0	Blow the trumpet in the land	The trumpet would warn the people that their enemies were coming to attack them.
JER	4	5	n1n6			0	Let us go to the fortified cities	They would go to the fortified cities for protection from their enemies.
JER	4	6	tf7e	figs-doublet		0	disaster … a great collapse	These words mean basically the same thing. The phrase “a great collapse” defines what the “disaster” will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	4	6	xug6	figs-metaphor		0	for I am bringing disaster from the north and a great collapse	This represents God sending an army from the north to cause disaster and destruction in Judah. Alternate translation: “for I will cause an army from the north to come and destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	4	6	d4sz	figs-metonymy		0	from the north	This represents an enemy army that would come from the north. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	4	7	a149	figs-metaphor		0	A lion is coming	God speaks of a powerful army as if it were a fierce lion. Alternate translation: “A powerful and merciless army approaches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	4	7	myr9			0	thicket	a set of bushes that grew closely together
JER	4	7	lwr1	figs-synecdoche		0	someone who will destroy nations	Here “someone” represents a king and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	4	7	w16d	figs-idiom		0	is setting out	This idiom refers to starting to move. Alternate translation: “is starting to march” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	4	7	cix1	figs-metonymy		0	to bring horror to your land	This represents destroying the land, which would cause people who see it to be horrified. Alternate translation: “to destroy your land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	4	8	q3kk	translate-symaction		0	wrap yourself in sackcloth	People would wear sackcloth to show that they were very sad. In this context it would be to show that they were very sorry for the bad things they had done. Alternate translation: “put on the clothes that show you are mourning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER	4	8	j7pi			0	wail	cry loudly
JER	4	8	pwd6	figs-metaphor		0	For the force of Yahweh’s anger has not turned away from us	Anger is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could turn away from people. Here “Yahweh’s anger has not turned away from us” means that Yahweh is still very angry with the people. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is still very angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	4	9	l39s	figs-metonymy		0	the hearts of the king and his officials will die	Here “hearts” represent courage. Also “the hearts … will die” represents losing courage and being afraid. Alternate translation: “the king and his officials will stop being courageous” or “the king and his officials will be terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	4	10	u3zu	figs-personification		0	the sword is striking against their life	Here enemies being ready to kill people is spoken of as if the sword was a person striking at people. Alternate translation: “our enemies are ready to slaughter us with their swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	4	11	eaf4	figs-activepassive		0	it will be said	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	4	11	l2gl	figs-metaphor		0	burning wind from the plains	Here a “burning wind” represents a fierce and merciless enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	4	11	apu1			0	will make its way	Alternate translation: “will travel” or “will rush”
JER	4	11	c8vv	figs-metaphor		0	the daughter of my people	Yahweh shows his love for his people by speaking of them as a daughter. Alternate translation: “my people, who are like a daughter to me” or “my dear people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	4	11	y4pq	figs-doublet		0	It will not winnow or cleanse them	The words “winnow” and “cleanse” refer to blowing away the useless skins from grain. Only a light wind was needed for that. Alternate translation: “It will not be a light wind for blowing the chaff away from the grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	4	12	xws1	figs-metaphor		0	A wind far stronger than that	far stronger than the “burning wind” of verse 11. The wind is a metaphor for a fierce and merciless enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	4	12	s27n			0	will come at my command	Alternate translation: “will come when I command it to come”
JER	4	12	rx21			0	at my command	This expression in Hebrew is interpreted by some modern versions as “for me” or “from me.”
JER	4	12	y377			0	pass sentence against them	Alternate translation: “announce their punishment”
JER	4	13	t3g7	figs-simile		0	See, he is attacking like clouds	The word “he” refers to the enemy king and his army. The great size of the army is spoken of as if they were giant storm clouds. Alternate translation: “See, great armies like giant clouds are gathering to attack” or “See, great armies are gathering to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	4	13	y26t	figs-simile		0	his chariots are like a storm	The enemies’ chariots are spoken of as if they were like a storm. Storms can be noisy, destructive, and fast-moving. Alternate translation: “the roar of their chariots coming is like a fierce storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	4	13	pd5b			0	Woe to us	Alternate translation: “This is terrible”
JER	4	13	rkz7	figs-activepassive		0	for we will be devastated	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for they will devastate us” or “for they will destroy us all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	4	14	n8cb	figs-metaphor		0	Cleanse your heart from wickedness, Jerusalem	This is a warning to the people living in Jerusalem to repent. “Cleanse your heart” is a metaphor for removing evil from their lives. Alternate translation: “People of Jerusalem, stop being evil” or “People of Jerusalem, stop living wickedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	4	14	wj5b	figs-rquestion		0	How long will your deepest thoughts be about how to sin?	This question is used to rebuke the people for always planning how to sin. Alternate translation: “Your deepest thoughts are about how to sin!” or “You are always thinking about how to sin!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	4	15	ri3n	figs-synecdoche		0	a voice is bringing news from Dan	Here “a voice” represents a messenger. Alternate translation: “a messenger comes and tells about what is happening in Dan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	4	15	w5rx			0	Dan	This probably refers to the region of Dan, which was west of Jerusalem.
JER	4	15	mu7y	figs-activepassive		0	the coming disaster is heard from the mountains of Ephraim	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people hear about the disaster that is coming from Ephraim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	4	15	t4qv			0	from Dan … mountains of Ephraim	By hearing that the enemies had gotten to Dan and Ephraim, people in Jerusalem would understand that the enemies were getting closer to them.
JER	4	16	e4lv			0	besiegers are coming	Besiegers are soldiers who surround a city in order to keep the people in the city from being able to get supplies of food and water.
JER	4	17	b2nh	figs-simile		0	They will be like the watchmen of a cultivated field against her all around	Carefully guarding a city to keep people from going in and out is spoken of as if they are carefully watching a field to keep people from stealing from it. Alternate translation: “they will guard Jerusalem carefully like watchmen who carefully guard a cultivated field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	4	17	vj61	figs-personification		0	against her all around	The word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Jerusalem was often spoken of as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	4	18	vwi9	figs-personification		0	your conduct and your deeds have done these things to you	Here “conduct” and “deeds” are spoken of as if they are people that could do things. These abstract nouns can be expressed with the phrase “what you have done.” Alternate translation: “These things are happening to you because of what you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	4	18	xek6	figs-metaphor		0	It will strike your very heart	Here “heart” probably refers to the emotions, and “strike your very heart” probably refers to causing them to suffer terribly. Alternate translation: “It will be as if it strikes your very heart” or “It will cause you to suffer terrible anguish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	4	19	yrw5	figs-metonymy		0	My heart! My heart!	Here “heart” represents painful emotions, such as grief and fear. The phrase is repeated to express the intensity of the pain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	4	19	zw89			0	I am in anguish in my heart	The speaker feels severe emotional pain that causes severe physical pain.
JER	4	19	l92y			0	My heart is turbulent within me	“My heart is beating wildly.” Here “heart” refers to the body part. It is turbulent because it is beating much stronger and faster than normal.
JER	4	19	a6je			0	turbulent	full of confusion, violence, or disorder; not stable or steady
JER	4	20	eaz9	figs-activepassive		0	Suddenly my tents are destroyed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Enemies have suddenly destroyed my tents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	4	20	edb5	figs-ellipsis		0	my curtains in a moment	The words “are destroyed” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “my curtains are destroyed in a moment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	4	20	b4gs			0	my curtains	Curtains are cloths that are hung to separate the rooms in the tents.
JER	4	21	k2xu	figs-rquestion		0	How long will I see the standard? Will I hear the sound of the horn?	Jeremiah uses these questions to show his distress about seeing the battle flag and hearing the sound of the horn for such a long time. He wishes that the battle would end soon. It can be stated as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Oh, how I wish that the battle would end, and the flag would be lowered, and the sound of the army’s horn would stop” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	4	21	cy1e			0	the standard	Alternate translation: “the battle flag”
JER	4	21	bdm1			0	the sound of the horn	Someone would blow the horn as a signal for battle.
JER	4	22	q9tl	figs-explicit		0	For the foolishness of my people … do not know to do good.	It can be stated clearly that Yahweh says this. This is probably his reply to Jeremiah, telling why the battle is still happening. Alternate translation: “Yahweh replied, ‘It is because of the foolishness of my people … do not know to do good.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	4	22	ci3d			0	idiotic people	Alternate translation: “stupid people”
JER	4	23	lj51			0	General Information:	Jeremiah describes a vision that God gave him about things that would happen later.
JER	4	23	r4yf			0	Behold	The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
JER	4	23	p6iz			0	formless and empty	This vision is a prophecy of what the land of Israel would be like after the people were all taken into captivity.
JER	4	23	ex8r			0	there was no light for the heavens	Alternate translation: “there were no lights in the sky”
JER	4	26	y7ek			0	all the cities had been pulled down	Alternate translation: “all the cities had been destroyed” or “all the cities were a heap of ruins”
JER	4	26	zkf9			0	before Yahweh, before the fury of his wrath	This indicates that all these things would happen because Yahweh was so angry with the people of Judah.
JER	4	27	zmu6			0	All the land will become a devastation	Alternate translation: “All the land of Judah will be devastated” or “all the land of Judah will be ruined”
JER	4	28	a8f6	figs-personification		0	the land will mourn, and the heavens above will darken	Jeremiah emphasizes Yahweh’s judgment by saying that the earth itself expresses great sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	4	28	p7nd			0	I will not hold back	Alternate translation: “I will not change my mind”
JER	4	28	nz7a	figs-metaphor		0	I will not turn from carrying them out	Here “turn” represents deciding not to do what he said he would do. Alternate translation: “I will not change my mind about doing what I said I would do” or “I will not refuse to do what I planned to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	4	29	s7su	figs-metonymy		0	Every city	Here “city” represents the people living in the city. Alternate translation: “The people of every city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	4	29	w9pv			0	cavalry	a group of soldiers riding horses
JER	4	29	q17v			0	they will run into the forests	They will run away to the forests for safety.
JER	4	29	v4z8	figs-parallelism		0	The cities will be abandoned, for there will be no one to inhabit them	These two clauses have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. Alternate translation: “The cities will be empty. There will be no one left to live in them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	4	30	dp7c			0	General Information:	Yahweh speaks of the people of Judah as if they were a prostitute because they were unfaithful to him by worshiping other gods.
JER	4	30	n253			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues speaking to Judah.
JER	4	30	cmv6	figs-rquestion		0	Now that you have been devastated, what will you do?	This question is used to tell the people of Judah that there is nothing they can do to help themselves. Alternate translation: “Now that your enemies have devastated you, there is nothing you can do to find help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	4	30	r96u	figs-explicit		0	you dress in scarlet … gold jewelry … eyes … with paint	God speaks of the people of Judah as if they were a prostitute making herself look beautiful in order to attract men to her. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Like a prostitute you dress in scarlet … good jewelry … eyes … with paint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	4	30	qfd4	figs-metonymy		0	you dress in scarlet	Here “scarlet” represents expensive, red clothing. Alternate translation: “you wear expensive red clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	4	30	r71v			0	adorn yourself with gold jewelry	Alternate translation: “you put on gold jewelry”
JER	4	30	z4md	figs-metaphor		0	men who lusted for you now reject you	God speaks of the nations that Judah had depended on for wealth and business as if they were men who lusted after Judah. Those nations would reject Judah when they see God’s judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	4	30	vu5x	figs-metonymy		0	they are trying to take away your life	Here “trying to take your life away” represents trying to kill the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “They are trying to kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	4	31	fqh9	figs-simile		0	distress as in the birth	This simile is used to show how greatly distressed Judah will be. Alternate translation: “severe distress as in the pain and suffering a woman has while giving birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	4	31	l6l7	figs-metaphor		0	the daughter of Zion	God shows his love for the people of Jerusalem by speaking of them as a daughter. Alternate translation: “my dear daughter, Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	4	31	j9ka			0	Woe to me	Alternate translation: “I am in great danger”
JER	4	31	r56w			0	I am fainting	Alternate translation: “I am becoming weak”
JER	5	intro	hq1g			0		# Jeremiah 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 5:1-31.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br>### Hyperbole<br>It is possible that Yahweh is using the word “a” (meaning “even one”) as hyperbole when he states, “If you can find a man or anyone who is acting justly and trying to act faithfully, then I will forgive Jerusalem.” The purpose of this is to show how evil Jerusalem had become. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Yahweh asks several rhetorical questions in this chapter. This is intended to show Jeremiah the justness of his actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	5	1	wtq8	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	5	1	a164			0	Rush about through the streets	Alternate translation: “Go quickly through the streets”
JER	5	1	ig3t			0	Then look and think about this	Alternate translation: “look and find out”
JER	5	1	qf12			0	city squares	broad and open places in a city where people can gather
JER	5	1	rhm7			0	who is acting justly	Alternate translation: “who does what is just”
JER	5	2	y47l			0	Although they say	The word “they” refers to the people of Jerusalem.
JER	5	2	ey96	figs-idiom		0	As Yahweh lives	“as surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	5	3	cl5c	figs-rquestion		0	do your eyes not look for faithfulness?	Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that what Yahweh really wants is faithfulness. Wanting people to be faithful is spoken of as looking for faithfulness. Alternate translation: “you look for faithfulness.” or “you want people to be faithful.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	3	dma9	figs-metaphor		0	You struck the people, but they do not feel pain.	God punished his people in various ways. Here it is spoken of as if he hit them. Alternate translation: “You punish the people, but they do not pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	3	bwd1	figs-metaphor		0	they still refuse to receive discipline	Here “to receive discipline” represents learning from discipline to do what is right. Alternate translation: “they still refuse to learn their lesson” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	3	v9en	figs-metonymy		0	They make their faces harder than rock	Hard faces represents the expression on their faces that shows that they are stubborn. The simile “harder than rock” shows that the people are extremely stubborn. Alternate translation: “They are extremely stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	5	4	ty12			0	So I said	Jeremiah is speaking.
JER	5	5	mu9t	figs-metaphor		0	But they all broke their yoke together; they all tore apart the chains that bound them to God.	The yoke and chains represent the law which bind God and his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	6	d8ks	figs-metaphor		0	So a lion … A wolf … A lurking panther	These are dangerous animals that can kill people. This could mean: (1) this really is about wild animals killing people or (2) these wild animals are metaphors for enemy armies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	6	ei8j	figs-metaphor		0	So a lion … A wolf … A lurking panther … torn apart	One possible meaning is that these are metaphors for enemy armies who will attack Judah. Alternate translation: “Like a lion from the thicket, a wolf from the Arabah, and a lurking panther, enemy armies will come against their cities, attack them, and destroy them. Anyone who goes outside his city will be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	6	qkm7			0	thicket	a set of bushes that grew closely together.
JER	5	6	a7xd			0	wolf	a large wild dangerous dog
JER	5	6	nb63			0	lurking	watching for an opportunity to attack
JER	5	6	jm2c			0	panther	a large wild dangerous cat
JER	5	6	eb17	figs-abstractnouns		0	For their transgressions increase	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **transgressions**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “sin.” Alternate translation: “For they sin much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	5	6	bl92	figs-abstractnouns		0	Their acts of faithlessness are unlimited	The abstract nouns in “acts of faithlessness” can be translated as “the faithless things they do.” Alternate translation: “The faithless things they do are many” or “They do many faithless things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	5	7	tgq4	figs-rquestion		0	Why should I pardon these people?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he has no reason to pardon these people. Alternate translation: “Because of the things that they do, I cannot pardon these people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	5	7	i1na			0	these people	the people of Jerusalem
JER	5	7	duz8	figs-personification		0	Your sons	Yahweh is speaking to Jerusalem as though she were a woman who had children. Jerusalem’s “sons” represent the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	5	7	mvg1	figs-metaphor		0	I fed them fully	Providing all they needed is spoken of as feeding them. Alternate translation: “I gave them everything they needed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	7	cc9s	figs-metaphor		0	they committed adultery and walked in great numbers to the houses of prostitutes	This may be a metaphor for being unfaithful to God and worshiping idols, but idol worship also included prostitution. Alternate translation: “they were unfaithful to me and went in large numbers to the houses of prostitutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	7	vq87			0	walked in great numbers to the houses of prostitutes	Alternate translation: “went in large groups to the houses of prostitutes” or “large groups of them went to the houses of prostitutes”
JER	5	8	m3wt	figs-metaphor		0	They were horses in heat … neighed to his neighbor’s wife	Because the God speaks of them as if they were horses that wanted to mate with other horses. Alternate translation: “They were like horses in heat … neighed to his neighbor’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	8	yq1u			0	in heat	ready to mate
JER	5	8	u1ts			0	mate	when animals breed to reproduce
JER	5	8	hgv8	figs-metaphor		0	Each man neighed to his neighbor’s wife	Male horses neigh loudly to female horses when they want to mate with them. Alternate translation: “Like horses who mate with more than one horse, these men wanted to sleep with other men’s wives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	9	i5z2	figs-rquestion		0	So should I not punish them … and should I not avenge myself on a nation that is like this?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will no have mercy but will punish them. Alternate translation: “Because they do these things, I will punish them … I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	5	9	l377	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	5	10	rwg3			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to speak. Here he speaks to the enemies of Israel.
JER	5	10	uh17	figs-explicit		0	Go up onto her vineyards’ terraces	In verses 10-13 Yahweh speaks to Israel’s enemies. This can be made clear in the quotation. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Israel, go up onto her vineyards’ terraces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	5	10	tnx6	figs-metaphor		0	Go up onto her vineyards’ terraces and destroy	Yahweh speaks of Israel and Judah as if they were a vineyard and the people there were vines. Alternate translation: “Go up into Israel and Judah, which are like a vineyard to me, and destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	10	q848			0	do not bring complete destruction to them	Alternate translation: “do not completely destroy them”
JER	5	10	dtf8	figs-metaphor		0	Trim their vines, since those vines do not come from Yahweh	The word “their” refers to the vineyards. Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel and Judah as if they were vines. Alternate translation: “like farmers who trim the vines of a vineyard, you must remove many of the people of Israel and Judah, because they do not belong to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	11	r8hw	figs-metonymy		0	For the houses of Israel and Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for a person’s descendants. In this case it refers to the people of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. Alternate translation: “For the people of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	5	11	b2gh	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	5	12	hy7p			0	They have spoken falsely about Yahweh and they said	Alternate translation: “They have spoken falsely about Yahweh by saying”
JER	5	12	i2ai	figs-parallelism		0	no harm will come upon us, and we will not see sword or famine	These two sentences say the same thing, the second is more specific than the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	5	12	b9kn	figs-idiom		0	no harm will come upon us	The idiom “come upon us” means “happen to us.” Alternate translation: “No harm will happen to us” or “no one will harm us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	5	12	g399	figs-metaphor		0	we will not see sword or famine	Here “see” is a metaphor for experience, and “sword” is a metonym for war. Alternate translation: “we will not experience war or famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	5	13	b87v	figs-metonymy		0	The prophets will become wind	Here “prophets” is a metonym that represents what the prophets say, and “wind” is a metaphor for something that does not do anything. Alternate translation: “The prophets words are just noisy wind” or “The prophets make noise like the wind, but what they prophesy will not happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	13	z6ye	figs-explicit		0	the word is not in them	Here “the word” refers to God’s message. Alternate translation: “God’s message is not in them” or “the messages that they speak are not from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	5	13	nhv2	figs-explicit		0	so let what they say be done to them	It can be stated clearly what kinds of things the prophets were talking about. Alternate translation: “so let the harm that the prophets talk about come to them” or “since the prophets say that bad things will happen to us, let those bad things happen to the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	5	14	r6t4			0	Because you	The word “you” refers to the people of Israel and Judah.
JER	5	14	x6w7			0	have said this	See what the people said in [Jeremiah 5:12](../05/12.md).
JER	5	14	pet2			0	see	Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER	5	14	e41j	figs-metaphor		0	I am about to place my word in your mouth	Here “place my word in your mouth” represents causing Jeremiah to speak God’s message. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to speak my message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	14	bax7	figs-simile		0	It will be like a fire, and this people will be like wood	Yahweh speaks of his message as if it were a fire, and of his people as if they were wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	5	14	th8l	figs-metaphor		0	For it will consume them	“For my message will consume them.” Yahweh’s message was about how he would punish his people, so he speaks as if his message would destroy them as a fire destroys wood. Alternate translation: “For when you speak my message, it will destroy the people of Israel as fire destroys wood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	15	hr3d			0	against you	“to attack you.” The word “you” refers to the people of Israel.
JER	5	15	w6v8	figs-doublet		0	it is a lasting nation, an ancient nation	These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how long the nation has existed. This refers to the nation from far away that Yahweh will bring against Israel. Alternate translation: “it is a very old and enduring nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	5	15	f6kv			0	a lasting nation	Alternate translation: “an enduring nation” or “a very strong nation”
JER	5	15	c9wc	figs-parallelism		0	It is a nation whose language you do not know, nor will you understand what they say	These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the Israelites do not know the language of those people. It may imply that the Israelites have not had much contact with them. Alternate translation: “It is a nation whose language you will not understand at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	5	16	ub23			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
JER	5	16	yjs1	figs-metonymy		0	Its quiver … They are all soldiers	Here “Its quiver” represents the enemy nation’s army, and the arrows in the quiver represent the soldiers in the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	5	16	a4wr			0	quiver	a container for holding arrows
JER	5	16	nsx2	figs-simile		0	Its quiver is like an open tomb	An open tomb is one that is prepared to have many dead bodies put in it. The enemy army will kill many people. Alternate translation: “That nation’s army will use their arrows and kill many people” or “Because of the arrows of its army, many people will die and be buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	5	17	x18i	figs-metaphor		0	So your harvest will be consumed, your sons and daughters also, and your food	This could mean: (1) their harvest and their food that was for their sons and daughters would be consumed. Alternate translation: “So your harvest and your food for your sons and daughters will be consumed” or (2) their harvest, sons and daughters, and food would all be consumed. The idea of the sons and daughters being “consumed” would be a metaphor for killed. Alternate translation: “So your harvest and your food will be consumed, and your sons and daughters will be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	17	ty62	figs-activepassive		0	So your harvest will be consumed	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the army of that nation will eat the food that you expected to harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	5	17	ycw1			0	your sons and daughters also, and your food	This could mean: (1) the enemies would eat the food that the sons and daughters should eat, or (2) the enemies will destroy the sons and daughters and eat the food.
JER	5	17	e76e			0	They will eat	The word “They” refers to the army of that nation.
JER	5	17	aj2t	figs-synecdoche		0	They will beat down with a sword your fortified cities	The sword is a synecdoche for all of the different weapons that people use in war. Alternate translation: “They will use their weapons to conquer your strong cities that you trusted to protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	5	17	fe1b			0	your fortified cities	Fortified cities had a wall around them to protect the people inside from their enemies outside.
JER	5	17	evt5			0	that you trusted in	Alternate translation: “that you thought were strong enough to keep you safe”
JER	5	18	hp6x			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Jeremiah.
JER	5	18	fq65			0	do not intend to destroy	Alternate translation: “will not destroy”
JER	5	19	v6cs	figs-explicit		0	done all these things to us	The phrase “these things” refers to sending armies to attack them. Alternate translation: “done all these things to harm us” or “sent foreign armies to attack us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	5	19	f6pe	figs-metaphor		0	Just as you … served foreign gods in your land, so you must also serve strangers	Here “served foreign gods” represents worshiping foreign gods. God would punish them for serving foreign gods by making them serve foreign people. Alternate translation: “Because you … worshiped foreign gods in your land, you will have to serve foreigners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	20	h8i5			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
JER	5	20	i1qw			0	Report this	Alternate translation: “Tell this”
JER	5	20	x88v	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Jacob	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob’s descendants. Translate “house of Jacob” as in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	5	20	c3ln	figs-activepassive		0	let it be heard in Judah	This can be expressed in active from. Alternate translation: “Let those in Judah hear it” or “announce it in Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	5	21	huc3			0	who have no understanding	Alternate translation: “who do not understand” or “who understand nothing”
JER	5	21	iqw3	figs-metonymy		0	you cannot see	Here “cannot see” is a metonym for not understanding. Alternate translation: “you do not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	5	21	h6v9	figs-metonymy		0	you cannot hear	Here “cannot hear” represents not understanding. “Alternate translation: “you do not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	5	22	y6ba	figs-rquestion		0	Do you not fear me … face?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people are extremely foolish because they do not fear Yahweh. Alternate translation: “It is foolish that you do not fear me … face!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	5	22	u7l9	figs-explicit		0	or tremble before my face	The trembling would be because of fear, and being “before my face” represents being aware of who God is. Alternate translation: “or shake with fear because of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	5	22	l6nf			0	I have placed a border of sand against the sea	Alternate translation: “I placed the sand as the border for the sea”
JER	5	22	l23z	figs-metaphor		0	an ongoing decree that it does not violate	God speaks of the ocean not going past the border of sand as if the border were a law, and as if the ocean were a person who obeys the law. Alternate translation: “an everlasting limit that it cannot cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	22	ayh2			0	rises and falls	Alternate translation: “moves back and forth”
JER	5	22	kd3c	figs-metaphor		0	it does not violate it	“the ocean does not violate my decree.” God speaks of ocean not going past the border of sand as if the border were a law, and as if the ocean were a person who obeys the law. Alternate translation: “it does not succeed in going past the border” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	23	l32t	figs-metaphor		0	this people has a stubborn heart. It turns	The people’s heart represents their attitude toward God. If Yahweh is speaking to the people, this can also be expressed with the word “you.” Alternate translation: “but you people have a stubborn heart. You turn” or “but you people are stubborn. You turn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	5	23	cf4m	figs-metaphor		0	It turns away in rebellion and goes away	The word “it” refers to the people. Here “goes away” represents disobeying God. Alternate translation: “They rebel and disobey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	24	s5r8	figs-metaphor		0	they do not say in their hearts	Here “their hearts” represent their thoughts, and “say” represents thinking. Alternate translation: “they do not think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	24	k3at	figs-explicit		0	keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest for us	Here “keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest” represents making sure that those weeks happen at the right time. Alternate translation: “making sure for us that the weeks of harvest happen when they are supposed to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	5	25	g8i4			0	Your iniquities	The word “Your” refers to the descendants of Jacob and the people of Judah.
JER	5	25	kl5g			0	these things	This refers to the rains and the harvests.
JER	5	25	th39	figs-metaphor		0	Your sins have stopped good from coming to you	Good things “coming” represents good things happening. “Because of your sins, good things have stopped happening to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	26	x9gl	figs-activepassive		0	For wicked men are found with my people	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “For I have found wicked men among my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	5	26	zk7i	figs-simile		0	They watch as someone crouches to capture birds	God speaks of wicked people wanting to harm someone as if they were waiting to capture birds. Alternate translation: “Like someone hiding and waiting to capture birds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	5	26	rv4u	figs-metaphor		0	they set a trap and catch people	God speaks of wicked people intentionally harming others as if they were setting a trap. Alternate translation: “They set things up so that they can take advantage of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	27	qx63	figs-simile		0	Like a cage full of birds, their houses are full of deceit	Here “deceit” represents the things that were taken by deceit. Alternate translation: Like a cage full of birds that a hunter has caught, wicked people’s houses are full of things that they have taken by deceiving people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	5	27	ktf1	figs-metaphor		0	they grow large and become rich	Here “large” represents powerful. Alternate translation: “these wicked people become powerful and rich” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	28	cw6j			0	they shine with well-being	This could mean: (1) their skin shines because of the healthy food they eat, or (2) their body is smooth because of the muscle and fat between their bones and skin. It indicates that they eat well.
JER	5	28	plb9	figs-metaphor		0	They crossed over all bounds of wickedness	Doing all kinds of wicked things is spoken of as if there were a boundary separating some wicked things from things that are even more wicked. Alternate translation: “They do all kinds of wicked things” or “They even do the most wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	5	28	mc4l			0	They do not plead the cause of the people, or the cause of the orphan	Alternate translation: “They do not plead with the rulers to give the people and the orphans what they need” or “They do not plead with the rulers to give justice to the people and the orphans”
JER	5	28	fdb8			0	they have not given justice to the needy	Alternate translation: “they have not helped the needy by doing what is just for them”
JER	5	29	pah8	figs-rquestion		0	Should I not punish … a nation like this?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will no have mercy but will punish them. See how you translated a similar sentence in [Jeremiah 5:9](../05/09.md). Alternate translation: “So I will punish them, this is Yahweh’s declaration. I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	5	29	s1ep	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	5	30	jnz7	figs-explicit		0	Atrocities and horrors have occurred	This can be stated more actively. Alternate translation: “People do terrible and horrible things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	5	30	a5il	figs-explicit		0	in the land	Here “the land” refers to the land of Israel.’ Alternate translation: “in the land of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	5	31	m6tl			0	The prophets prophesy with deceit, and the priests rule with their own power	These are the atrocities and horrors that are spoken of in verse 30.
JER	5	31	jd9n			0	The prophets prophesy with deceit	Alternate translation: “The prophets prophesy lies” or “The prophets tell lies when they prophesy”
JER	5	31	md9e	figs-explicit		0	the priests rule with their own power	This could mean: (1) the priests do not submit to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “the priests rule by their own authority” or (2) the priests rule according to the directions of the prophets (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	5	31	lf6j	figs-rquestion		0	but what will happen in the end?	“but what will you do at the end of all of this?” Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people will regret being wicked when he punishes them for it. Alternate translation: “but in the end I will punish you and you will be regret your wicked behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	6	intro	f4ic			0		# Jeremiah 6 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 6:1-30.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gods and battle<br>In the ancient Near East, it was commonly believed that a nation’s gods were responsible for military victory. It may have been believed that a god would not defend an evil city. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
JER	6	1	h511			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
JER	6	1	f21l	figs-idiom		0	Find safety … by leaving Jerusalem	Here “Find safety” represents doing what they can in order to be safe. Alternate translation: “Be safe … by leaving Jerusalem” or “Leave Jerusalem … so that you can be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	6	1	a8g6			0	people of Benjamin	This is who Yahweh was speaking to.
JER	6	1	h78h	figs-explicit		0	Blow a trumpet in Tekoa	A trumpet is used as a warning that people will be attacked. Alternate translation: “Blow a trumpet in Tekoa to warn the people that they will be attacked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	6	1	v1e9	translate-names		0	Tekoa	This is the name of a town about 18 kilometers south of Jerusalem. The name means “a horn for blowing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	6	1	m5nz			0	Raise up over Beth Hakkerem a signal	This could mean: (1) the signal is smoke from a fire. Alternate translation: “Light a fire to send up smoke at Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming” or (2) the signal is a flag. Alternate translation: “Raise up a flag over the town of Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming”
JER	6	1	cj9u			0	Beth Hakkerem	the name of a town about 10 kilometers south of Jerusalem. The name means “the place of the vineyard.”
JER	6	1	fa2a	figs-metonymy		0	wickedness is appearing from the north	Here “wickedness” represents disaster and the people who will cause it. Alternate translation: “enemies will come from the north and cause disaster to happen to you” or “enemies coming from the north will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	6	1	sub6	figs-explicit		0	a great crushing is coming	How the crushing will come can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Enemies will come and crush you” or “Enemies will come and destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	6	2	cw79	figs-personification		0	The daughter of Zion, the beautiful and delicate woman	Zion is another name for Jerusalem. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as though it were a woman. He speaks of it as a daughter to show his love for Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “My dear Zion, which is like a beautiful and delicate woman” or “My dear Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	6	3	l12q	figs-metaphor		0	The shepherds and their flocks will go to them	Kings were often spoken of as shepherds of their people. Alternate translation: “The kings and their soldiers will go to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	3	j632	figs-explicit		0	they will set up tents against her all around	The phrase “against her” means “in order to attack Zion.” Alternate translation: “they will set up tents all around Zion in order to attack it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	6	3	g9el	figs-metonymy		0	each man will shepherd	God speaks of kings leading their armies to destroy the land, as if they were shepherds leading their sheep to eat grass. Alternate translation: “like a shepherd each king will lead his army” or “each king will lead his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	6	3	uz2s	figs-metaphor		0	with his own hand	Here “hand” represents the portion of something someone his assigned to take in his hand. Here it refers to the portion of land the king is assigned to conquer. Alternate translation: “and conquer his portion of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	4	u13f			0	General Information:	A king from the attacking army is speaking to the men under his control.
JER	6	4	ejj3	figs-explicit		0	Dedicate yourselves	It can be stated clearly that the kings say this. Alternate translation: “The kings say to their armies, ‘Dedicate yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	6	4	am3p	figs-explicit		0	Dedicate yourselves to the gods for the battle	The attacking army tries to ensure that their gods will help them during the war by performing ceremonies and making sacrifices to them. Alternate translation: “Prepare for war by purifying yourselves and sacrificing to the gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	6	4	l529	figs-metaphor		0	Arise, let us attack	To arise or stand up is a metaphor for no longer watching and thinking and instead beginning to act. Alternate translation: “Let us stop thinking and begin to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	4	ldp8			0	let us attack at noon	Alternate translation: “Let us attack Jerusalem at noon”
JER	6	4	d1mc			0	It is too bad that the daylight is fading away, that the evening shadows are falling	The kings say this later in the day when they want their army to keep fighting even though it is getting dark.
JER	6	4	hnt2	figs-metonymy		0	the daylight is fading away	The end of the day is spoken of in terms of its light becoming dark. Alternate translation: “the day is ending” or “it is beginning to get dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	6	4	su9l			0	are falling	Alternate translation: “are stretching out” or “are getting longer”
JER	6	5	jc1c			0	at night	Alternate translation: “during the night even though it is dark”
JER	6	5	qmf3	figs-explicit		0	her fortresses	People often spoke of cities as if they were women. Her the word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the strong buildings of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	6	6	unq2			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh.
JER	6	6	crp6	figs-personification		0	Cut her trees	God says this to the army that will attack Jerusalem. The word “her” refers to Jerusalem; cities were often spoken of as if they were women. Alternate translation: “Cut down the trees outside of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	6	6	v6t3			0	heap up siegeworks against Jerusalem	Siegeworks are either high mounds of dirt or high ramps made of wood that the enemies build outside the city wall in order go on top of the wall and attack the people inside the city.
JER	6	6	p62r	figs-metaphor		0	because it is filled with oppression	Here “it is filled with oppression” represents people there always oppressing people. Alternate translation: “because its people are always oppressing each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	7	x25i	figs-simile		0	As a well pours out fresh water, so this city keeps producing wickedness	Here “this city keeps producing wickedness” represents people in the city continuing to do wicked things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	6	7	q16a	figs-activepassive		0	Violence and disorder are heard within her	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I hear violence and disorder in her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	6	7	ky66	figs-idiom		0	sickness and wounds are continually before my face	These things being “before” God’s face represents him seeing them. Alternate translation: “I constantly see sickness and wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	6	8	ctm4	figs-metonymy		0	Accept discipline, Jerusalem … make you into a ruin, an uninhabited land	Here God speaks to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the city itself. Alternate translation: “Accept discipline, you people of Jerusalem … make your land into a ruin, an uninhabited land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	6	8	nn5k	figs-metonymy		0	Accept discipline	“Accept discipline” here is a metaphor for learning from discipline. Alternate translation: “Learn from your discipline” or “When I punish you, learn to do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	6	8	vvn8			0	an uninhabited land	Alternate translation: “a land that has no people living in it”
JER	6	9	sz1r	figs-metaphor		0	They will certainly glean those who are left in Israel like a vineyard	Yahweh speaks of the enemy attacking those who remain as if the enemy were to pick grapes that remain in a vineyard after others have harvested it. Alternate translation: “After destroying Israel, they will certainly come back to attack the people who are still alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	9	e5tr			0	They will certainly	The word “They” refers to the enemy that Yahweh sends to destroy Israel.
JER	6	9	kl5d	figs-metaphor		0	Reach out again with your hand to pick grapes from the vines	Yahweh commands the enemy to attack those who remain in Israel as if the enemy were pick to grapes that remain in a vineyard after others have harvested it. Alternate translation: “Come back and attack the people of Israel who remain” or “Like people who reach out again to pick grapes from vines that they have already harvested, come back and attack the people who remain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	10	g9ic	figs-rquestion		0	To whom should I declare and warn so they will listen	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that none of the people of Israel would listen to him even after they survived the attack of their enemies. Alternate translation: “There is no one left for me to speak to and warn who might listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	6	10	uv57			0	Look	Alternate translation: “You can see it yourself”
JER	6	10	p8ap	figs-metaphor		0	Their ears are uncircumcised	This represents their stubborn unwillingness to listen to God. Alternate translation: “Their ears are closed” or “They refuse to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	10	n19z			0	Their ears	The word “Their” refer to the people of Israel.
JER	6	10	yw68	figs-idiom		0	The word of Yahweh has come to them	This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to them. He did this through his prophets. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has sent messages to them” or “Yahweh has spoken to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	6	10	p8sc			0	they do not want it	Alternate translation: “they do not want to listen to the word of Yahweh”
JER	6	11	dqg7	figs-idiom		0	But I am filled with Yahweh’s fury	Jeremiah is speaking. He feels the same anger that Yahweh feels, and he speaks of being extremely angry as if he were filled with anger. Alternate translation: “I am completely angry as Yahweh is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	6	11	bdn3	figs-metaphor		0	I am tired of holding it in	Jeremiah speaks of not showing Yahweh’s anger as if he were holding the anger inside himself. Alternate translation: “I am tired from not expressing this anger” or “I am tired of not doing anything about this anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	11	mm2e	figs-metaphor		0	Pour it out on the children in the streets and on the groups of young men	God speaks of punishing the people of Israel as if his anger were a liquid that he wanted Jeremiah to pour out on them. Alternate translation: “In anger punish the children in the streets and the groups of young men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	11	xce7	figs-activepassive		0	For every man will be taken away with his wife	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Because enemies will capture every man with his wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	6	11	p4cb	figs-ellipsis		0	every old person heavy with years	The words “will be taken” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “every old person heavy with years will be taken” or “they will take every old person heavy with years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	6	11	ug45	figs-idiom		0	every old person heavy with years	The phrase “heavy with years” is an idiom that means “very old.” It reinforces the phrase “old person.” Alternate translation: “every very old person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	6	12	c4qb	figs-activepassive		0	Their houses will be turned over to others	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Their houses will become the possession of other people” or “There people will take their houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	6	12	m3qu	figs-ellipsis		0	both their fields and their wives together	The phrase “will be turned over to others” is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “and their fields and their women will also be turned over to others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	6	12	efu6	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	6	13	eyw7	figs-merism		0	that from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy	The phrase “from the least to the greatest” shows that all the people of Israel are included in the phrase “all of them,” regardless of how important they are. Alternate translation: “all of them, including the least powerful, the most powerful, and every one else, are greedy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER	6	13	vs6m	figs-nominaladj		0	the least	This refers to the least powerful and least important people. Alternate translation: “the least powerful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER	6	13	gwi1	figs-nominaladj		0	the greatest	This refers to the most powerful and most important people. Alternate translation: “the greatest people” or “the most powerful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER	6	13	vdj4			0	all of them	Alternate translation: “all of the people of Israel”
JER	6	13	qw1u	figs-abstractnouns		0	are greedy for dishonest gain	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **gain**, you can express the same idea with the phrases “get more money” or “get more things.” Alternate translation: “want to get more money by lying to people” or “strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	6	13	b8dn			0	all of them practice deceit	Alternate translation: “all of them deceive people” or “all of them are liars”
JER	6	14	it97	figs-metaphor		0	They have healed the wounds of my people lightly	This could mean: (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They acts as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	14	kz57	figs-metaphor		0	They have healed the wounds … lightly	Here “lightly” represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	14	lqp6			0	‘Peace, Peace,’ when there is no peace	Alternate translation: “‘All is well, All is well,’ but it is not well”
JER	6	15	l12m	figs-rquestion		0	Were they ashamed when they practiced abominations?	God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. Alternate translation: “They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	6	15	vc8r			0	they did not know how to blush	When a person is ashamed, his face normally turns red. Alternate translation: “their faces did not even turn red”
JER	6	15	c3ai	figs-metaphor		0	they will fall among the fallen	Here “fall” represents being killed. Alternate translation: “they will be killed along with the others who are killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	15	qg6n	figs-metaphor		0	they will be brought down when they are punished	Here “will be brought down” represents being destroyed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them when I punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	6	16	s27z	figs-explicit		0	Yahweh says this	It can be stated clearly who Yahweh says this to. Alternate translation: “Yahweh says this to the people of Israel” or “Yahweh says this to his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	6	16	s5rz	figs-metaphor		0	Stand at the road crossing … We will not go	The roads and pathways refer to ways that people live their lives. Yahweh wants the people of Israel to ask what is the good way to live their lives and for them to live that way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	16	ez9b			0	the road crossing	This refers to the place where two roads meet.
JER	6	16	s5kk	figs-metaphor		0	ask for the ancient pathways	The ancient pathways represent their ancestors’s behavior, how their ancestors lived long ago. Alternate translation: “ask about the pathways that your ancestors walked on” or “ask about how your ancestors behaved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	16	h56h	figs-metaphor		0	Where is this good way	This could mean: (1) “this good way” represents the good way to live. Alternate translation: “What is the good way to live” or (2) “this good way” represents the way to live that results in blessings. Alternate translation: “Where is the way to what is good” or “What is the way to live that results in blessing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	16	a4xf	figs-metaphor		0	Then go on it	“Then walk on that path.” Going on that path represents living that way. Alternate translation: “Then live that way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	16	s29n	figs-metaphor		0	We will not go	This represents not living that way. Alternate translation: “We will not live that way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	17	zs9d	figs-metaphor		0	I appointed for you watchmen to listen for the trumpet	Yahweh speaks of his prophets as if they were watchmen who were sent to warn the people of danger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	17	jp7i			0	appointed for you	The word “you” refers to the people of Israel.
JER	6	17	a3n7			0	to listen for the trumpet	“to listen to the sound of the trumpet.” Yahweh speaks of his warning messages to his prophets as if the messages were a trumpet being blown to warn people about the danger that would come. The prophets were to listen to the warning and tell the people about it.
JER	6	18	upm1	figs-metonymy		0	Therefore, nations, listen! See, you witnesses, what will happen to them.	These two sentences are telling the people of other nations to witness what Yahweh will do to the rebellious people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Therefore, you people of other nations, listen! You witnesses, see what will happen to my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER	6	18	k97t			0	Therefore, nations, listen!	Alternate translation: “Therefore, nations, listen to what I am about to say!”
JER	6	18	cge9			0	you witnesses	Alternate translation: “you who are witnesses”
JER	6	18	zw4l			0	will happen to them	The word “them” refers to the people of Israel.
JER	6	19	jt8u	figs-apostrophe		0	Hear, earth	Jeremiah is speaking to the people of nations far away from him as if they could hear him. He is speaking as if to the earth itself. Alternate translation: “Listen, everyone who lives on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	6	19	yn3n			0	I am about to bring disaster to this people	Alternate translation: “soon I will punish these people severely”
JER	6	19	dce8	figs-metaphor		0	the fruit of their thoughts	Here the word “fruit” represents results or consequences. Alternate translation: “the consequences of their thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	19	du18	figs-explicit		0	They paid no attention to my word or law, but they instead rejected it	Here “paid no attention to my word” refers to not listening to what God said, and “rejected it” refers to refusing to obey God’s law. Alternate translation: “They did not listen to what I said. Instead they disobeyed my law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	6	20	p9c4	figs-rquestion		0	What does this frankincense going up from Sheba mean to me? Or these sweet smells from a distant land?	God uses these questions to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “Frankincense from Sheba and sweet smelling cane from a distant land mean nothing to me.” or “I do not want your burnt offerings of frankincense from Sheba or sweet smelling cane from a distant land.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	6	20	lzv5			0	these sweet smells	People would burn sweet smelling cane as an offering to God.
JER	6	20	x7y3			0	are not acceptable to me	Alternate translation: “do not please me” or “do not make me happy”
JER	6	21	nwr1			0	See, I	Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I”
JER	6	21	d486	figs-metaphor		0	I am about to place a stumbling block against this people	“I am about to put obstacles in front of this people.” Yahweh speaks of the troubles that he will make happen to the people of Israel as if they were a blocks that people stumble over. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	21	wc6y	figs-ellipsis		0	fathers and sons together	The phrase “will stumble” is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “fathers and sons will both stumble” or “fathers and sons will both be hurt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	6	21	eq4s			0	Inhabitants and their neighbors	Alternate translation: “Neighbors and their friends”
JER	6	22	yxt3	figs-explicit		0	a people is coming	Their purpose can be made clear. Alternate translation: “a people is coming to attack you” or “an army is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	6	22	a582	figs-synecdoche		0	a great nation	Here “nation” represents the army of the nation. Alternate translation: “the army of a great nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	6	22	xr58	figs-metaphor		0	is being stirred up from the farthest parts of the earth	Being “stirred up” represents preparing to do something. Alternate translation: “is being prepared to come from a distant land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	23	m4uq			0	They will pick up bows and spears	Alternate translation: “The soldiers will carry bows and spears”
JER	6	23	bam3	figs-simile		0	Their sound is like the sea roar	The loud noise that the soldiers make is compared to the loud noise of the ocean. Alternate translation: “The sound that they make is very loud, like the sound of the ocean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	6	23	xl54	figs-explicit		0	they are riding on horses, set out in order as men for battle	The phrase “set out in order” means that they have organized themselves and are riding in rows. The phrase “as men for battle” indicates that they are ready to fight. Alternate translation: “they are riding on horses in their assigned rows, and they are ready to fight against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	6	24	fbb5			0	We have heard	The word “We” probably refers to Jeremiah and the people of Judah.
JER	6	24	l8gs			0	our hands fall limp in distress	Alternate translation: “our hands are weak because we are anxious”
JER	6	24	d28c	figs-metaphor		0	Anguish seizes us	Feeling great anguish is spoken of as if the anguish grabs them. Alternate translation: “We feel terrible anguish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	24	b25e	figs-simile		0	as a woman giving birth	The anguish that they feel because the enemy coming to attack them is compared to the anguish that a woman feels when she is about to give birth to a baby. Alternate translation: “like a woman who is about to give birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	6	25	k3f1			0	General Information:	Jeremiah speaks to the people of Jerusalem. Some versions interpret this as Yahweh speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
JER	6	25	n3uk	figs-metonymy		0	for the swords of the enemy and terror are all around	The phrase “swords of the enemy” represents the enemy with their swords ready to attack. Here, **terror** refers to things that cause people to be frightened. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “For the enemy is everywhere with their swords and everyone else is terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	6	26	ti8u	figs-metaphor		0	Daughter of my people	Jeremiah shows Yahweh’s love for his people by speaking to them as a daughter. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate translation: “My people, you who are like a daughter to me” or “My dear people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	26	bkm8	translate-symaction		0	put on sackcloth and roll in ashes	People do these things to show that they are extremely sad. Alternate translation: “Show how sad you are by wearing sackcloth and rolling in ashes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER	6	26	u1nu	figs-simile		0	mourn with painful sobs as for an only son	Jeremiah compares the people’s great sadness to the sadness that a mother feels if her only son dies. Alternate translation: “mourn with painful sobs as you would if your only son died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	6	26	as8r			0	for the destroyer will suddenly come upon us	Alternate translation: “because the enemy army will suddenly come to attack us”
JER	6	27	nfn2	figs-metaphor		0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking to Jeremiah. God speaks of the people of Israel being very sinful as if they were silver that was full of impurities. God speaks of punishing Israel to make them stop sinning as if he were boiling silver and lead in a hot fire in order to remove the impurities from the silver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	27	i71y	figs-simile		0	one who tests my people like one would test metal	Yahweh compares Jeremiah testing his people to a person who tests metal to see how good it is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	6	27	uh6e			0	their ways	Alternate translation: “their behavior” or “how they live”
JER	6	28	lmk7			0	who go about slandering others	Alternate translation: “and constantly slander other people”
JER	6	28	qg4z	figs-metaphor		0	All of them are bronze and iron	Bronze and iron are hard metals. Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they were hard like bronze and iron. Alternate translation: “All of them are hard like bronze and iron” or “All of them are stubborn, as hard as bronze and iron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	29	zb2n	figs-explicit		0	The bellows are scorched by the fire that is burning them; the lead is consumed in the flames	God speaks of punishing his people as if they were silver and he was boiling the silver in a very hot fire. These phrases emphasize that the one boiling the metal was working very hard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	6	29	zf3z	figs-metaphor		0	The bellows are scorched by the fire that is burning them	The fire is so hot that it burns the bellows. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This very hot fire represents God’s judgment. Alternate translation: “The fire is so hot that it scorches the bellows” or “The punishment is so severe that it is like a fire that even burns the bellows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	6	29	r6p8	translate-unknown		0	The bellows are scorched	Bellows are a tool used to blow large amounts of air into a burning fire to make the fire hotter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JER	6	29	a9dw	figs-explicit		0	the lead is consumed in the flames	The silver has so many impurities in it that the lead is used up before it can remove them all. This represents the people of Israel being so full of sin, that they continue to sin even after God punishes them. Alternate translation: “the silver is so full of impurities, that the lead that is used to remove them is used up” or “they are like silver that is so full of impurities that the lead cannot remove them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	6	29	fd3z	figs-activepassive		0	The refining continues among them	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will continue to refine them” or “You will continue to try to purify them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	6	29	ujx6	figs-activepassive		0	because the evil is not removed	God speaks of Israel continuing to be evil as if they were silver and the impurities remained in the silver. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because the evil remains” or “the impurities remain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	6	30	q4md	figs-activepassive		0	They will be called rejected silver, for	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will say about the people of Israel, ‘They are rejected silver,’ for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	7	intro	i2dl			0		# Jeremiah 7 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 7:29-34, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Justice in society<br>Jeremiah commanded the people of Jerusalem to live justly. Without justice, they did not truly have faith in Yahweh. Without this faith in Yahweh, the temple and its rituals were useless. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Do not pray for this people”<br>Yahweh wanted the people to repent. This statement, and the others that follow, may be taken in another way. They are intended to show that it is too late for the people, and their punishment will come regardless of their response. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
JER	7	1	y68e	figs-idiom		0	The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said,” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	7	2	bj92			0	all you of Judah	Alternate translation: “all you people of Judah”
JER	7	3	vlv3			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER	7	3	f884			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	7	3	c23a			0	Make your ways and practices good, and I will let you continue	Alternate translation: “If you improve your ways and your practices, then I will let you continue”
JER	7	3	s5g6			0	in this place	This means in the land of Judah, not in the temple.
JER	7	4	e2w3	figs-rpronouns		0	Do not entrust yourself to deceitful words and say	The reflexive pronoun “yourself” emphasizes the personal risk to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “Do not trust in deceitful words to protect you, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER	7	4	ru5l	figs-explicit		0	Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh!	It is implied that, since the temple belongs to Yahweh and represents his presence, he will protect it and the people of Judah will be safe. Possible meanings for why **Temple of Yahweh** is repeated three times are (1) it was repeated for emphasis or (2) it was repeated as part of a temple liturgy. Alternate translation: “This is the temple of Yahweh so it is absolutely certain that no one will destroy it and we are safe.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	7	5	yex8			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER	7	5	b71h			0	make your ways and practices good	“improve your ways and practices.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:3](../07/03.md).
JER	7	5	s949	figs-abstractnouns		0	completely execute justice	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “judge rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	7	6	f96n			0	do not exploit the one	Alternate translation: “treat fairly the foreigner”
JER	7	6	klb1			0	orphan	child whose parents have died
JER	7	6	ivv5	figs-metonymy		0	pour out innocent blood	Here pouring out innocent blood represents killing those not deserving death. Alternate translation: “kill innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	7	6	q1kh	figs-metonymy		0	walk after other gods	Here walking after is a metonym for following after with the intent to serve and obey. Alternate translation: “serve other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	7	6	q3q6			0	in this place	Here “this place” refers to the land of Judah.
JER	7	7	p965			0	will let you stay	Alternate translation: “will let you continue to live”
JER	7	7	n3ke			0	from ancient times and forever	“from ancient times and continually.” This means Yahweh gave the land to the people of Judah to be their permanent possession.
JER	7	8	d4gt			0	General Information:	The word “you” in these verses refers to the people of Judah.
JER	7	8	znm8			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER	7	8	s1dh			0	Behold!	The word “Behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the information that follows.
JER	7	9	bi95	figs-rquestion		0	Do you steal, kill, and commit adultery? Do you swear … and walk after other gods whom you have not known?	These questions expect a positive answer to make the point that God knows the sins they are committing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You steal, kill, and commit adultery. You swear … and walk after other gods whom you have not known.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	7	9	ikv4			0	swear deceitfully	Alternate translation: “lie even in your oaths”
JER	7	9	ps9p	figs-metonymy		0	walk after other gods	Here walking after is a metonym for following after with the intent to serve and obey. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:6](../07/06.md). Alternate translation: “serve other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	7	10	w19j	figs-rquestion		0	Then do you come and stand … so you can do all of these abominations?	This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows the hypocrisy of their words and actions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Then you come and stand … so you could do all of these abominations.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	7	10	ras4	figs-metonymy		0	house that is called by my name	This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “house that belongs to me” or “temple where you worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	7	11	pb4b	figs-rquestion		0	Is this house, which carries my name, a den of bandits in your eyes?	This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows what they think about Yahweh’s temple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “This house, which carries my name, is a den of bandits in your eyes!” or “You act as though you think this house, which is called by my name, should be a place where bandits can go to hide!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	7	11	kj59	figs-idiom		0	this house, which carries my name	Yahweh’s temple is spoken of as if it was carrying the name of Yahweh. This has a similar meaning to “this house that is called by my name” in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	7	11	e4vn			0	bandits	violent people who steal and destroy
JER	7	11	tj9h			0	But behold, I have seen it	Alternate translation: “But I certainly have seen what you are doing”
JER	7	11	ume9	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	7	12	j5kh			0	General Information:	The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
JER	7	12	n4ba			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER	7	12	c6l5	figs-idiom		0	my place that was in Shiloh, where I allowed my name to stay there in the beginning	Here “where I allowed my name to stay” is an idiom that means this was a place where Yahweh was worshiped. Alternate translation: “the place in Shiloh where I first allowed my people to worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	7	13	m7ib	figs-hendiadys		0	time and time again	This hendiadys is also an idiom that means something is done many times. Alternate translation: “repeatedly” or “persistently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	7	14	g8pq	figs-metonymy		0	this house that is called by my name	This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:10](../07/10.md). Alternate translation: “this house that belongs to me” or “this temple where you worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	7	16	b1uq			0	General Information:	Yahweh speaks to Jeremiah about the people of Judah. In these verses, “this people” refers to the people of Judah.
JER	7	16	h32v	figs-parallelism		0	do not pray for this people, and do not lift up a lamenting wail or say a prayer on their behalf, and do not petition me	These four clauses each mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	7	16	mpn3			0	lift up a lamenting wail	Alternate translation: “cry out with sadness”
JER	7	16	ym42			0	on their behalf	Alternate translation: “for their benefit” or “for them”
JER	7	16	d2un			0	petition me	Alternate translation: “plead with me”
JER	7	17	qn8a	figs-rquestion		0	Do you not see what they are doing in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem?	This question expects a positive answer and is asked to bring these things to Jeremiah’s attention. They can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at what they are doing in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	7	18	u9lk			0	kindling the fire	Alternate translation: “starting the fire”
JER	7	18	jc1l			0	kneading dough	mixing dough by hand
JER	7	18	t6z1			0	dough	a thick mixture of flour and liquid used for baking
JER	7	18	u6gq	figs-explicit		0	the queen of the heavens	This was the name of a false god. Alternate translation: “the false god known as ‘the queen of the heavens’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	7	18	sq9a			0	will provoke me	Alternate translation: “will anger me”
JER	7	19	ia89			0	General Information:	In these verses, “they” and “themselves” refer to the people of Judah.
JER	7	19	t7ze			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to speak to Jeremiah about the people of Judah.
JER	7	19	ta4u	figs-rquestion		0	is it not themselves whom they are provoking, so that shame is on them?	This question expects a positive answer. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are provoking themselves, so that shame is on them!” or “they are troubling and bringing shame on themselves!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER	7	19	jj5b	figs-abstractnouns		0	shame is on them	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **shame**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “shamed.” Alternate translation: “they are shamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	7	20	ccj2			0	See	This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER	7	20	ta7u	figs-idiom		0	my anger and wrath will gush out onto this place	Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were something that could be poured out. Alternate translation: “I will punish this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	7	20	xv82	figs-doublet		0	anger and wrath	These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of Yahweh’s anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	7	20	v5eu			0	gush out	Alternate translation: “pour out”
JER	7	20	mf3h	figs-idiom		0	It will burn and never be extinguished	Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a fire that could not be put out. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to stop my anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	7	20	wz4y			0	never be extinguished	Alternate translation: “never stop burning”
JER	7	21	bjt8			0	General Information:	In these verses, “you” and “your” refer to the people of Judah.
JER	7	21	i6xb			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER	7	21	hg9i			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	7	21	p7ch	figs-irony		0	Add your burnt offerings to your sacrifices and the meat from them	This is an ironic statement emphasizing that none of their sacrifices were acceptable to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Go ahead and eat the burnt offerings along with your sacrifices and meat from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER	7	23	zn4g	figs-metonymy		0	Listen to my voice	Here listening to Yahweh’s voice means to both hear his words and obey what he says. Alternate translation: “Hear and obey what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	7	23	ug56	figs-metaphor		0	walk in all the ways that I am commanding you	Yahweh speaks of obeying his commands as if one were walking in them, like person would walk along a road. Alternate translation: “do everything that I am commanding you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	7	24	gts3			0	General Information:	The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the people of Judah. “They” refers to the ancestors of the people of Judah.
JER	7	24	u79z			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER	7	24	mmx8	figs-doublet		0	they did not listen or pay attention	These phrases mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	7	24	hex1			0	by their own stubborn plans of their wicked hearts	Alternate translation: “according to their own plans because they were wicked and stubborn”
JER	7	24	pn8b	figs-metaphor		0	they went backwards, not forward	This is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) they refused to pay attention to Yahweh, instead of eagerly obeying him. Alternate translation: “they went away from me instead of drawing closer to me” or (2) they got worse and worse instead of improving. Alternate translation: “they got worse instead of better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	7	25	g7qg	figs-hyperbole		0	Ever since the day when your ancestors went out from the land of Egypt until this day	This is a generalization that means over this entire period of time, not every day during this period of time. Alternate translation: “From the time your ancestors went out from the land of Egypt until now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER	7	25	wl88			0	I persisted in sending them	Alternate translation: “I sent them again and again” or “I repeatedly sent them”
JER	7	26	x6ns	figs-idiom		0	they hardened their necks	This is an idiom that means they were stubborn. Alternate translation: “they became stubborn” or “they resisted me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	7	26	hje2			0	They were more wicked	Alternate translation: “Each generation was more wicked”
JER	7	27	rs3g			0	General Information:	The words “them” and “they” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
JER	7	27	m2j2			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER	7	27	nc7q	figs-parallelism		0	So proclaim all these words to them, but they will not listen to you. Proclaim these things to them, but they will not answer you.	These two sentences say the same thing, The second emphasizes the message of the first. Alternate translation: “Tell them my message, but they will not listen to you or answer you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	7	28	y4p4	figs-metonymy		0	the voice of Yahweh its God	Here “the voice of Yahweh” represents what Yahweh has said. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:25](../03/25.md). Alternate translation: “what Yahweh its God has said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	7	28	di1t	figs-activepassive		0	Truth is destroyed and cut off from their mouths	Yahweh speaks of truth as if it was something the people could destroy and stop saying. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people destroy truth and cut it off from their mouths” or “The people tell only lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	7	28	zj54	figs-abstractnouns		0	Truth is destroyed	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truth**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “truthful.” Alternate translation: “What is truthful is destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	7	29	d5yd			0	General Information:	The word “your” in these verses refers to the people of Judah.
JER	7	29	y4ae			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER	7	29	rrp6	translate-symaction		0	Cut off your hair and shave yourself, and throw away your hair	This would be done as a sign of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER	7	29	p56k	figs-doublet		0	rejected and abandoned	These two words have similar meanings and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	7	30	hxu1	figs-metonymy		0	sons of Judah	This refers to the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	7	30	aui5	figs-metonymy		0	their detestable things	Here “detestable things” refers to idols, which God hates. Alternate translation: “their disgusting idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	7	30	szk4	figs-metonymy		0	house that is called by my name	This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:10](../07/10.md). Alternate translation: “house that belongs to me” or “temple where they worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	7	31	bpk3			0	General Information:	The words “they” and “their” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
JER	7	31	ud4q			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to describe the evil things that the people of Judah had done.
JER	7	31	v64i	translate-names		0	the high place of Topheth	This is the name of a place where the people of Israel sacrificed their children to a false god by burning them with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	7	31	ikn7	translate-names		0	the Valley of Ben Hinnom	This is the name of a valley south of the city of Jerusalem, where people sacrificed to false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	7	31	iq5w	figs-metonymy		0	nor did it enter my mind	Here the word “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “nor did I ever think about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	7	32	dgv5			0	So see	The word “see” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed”
JER	7	32	pkn1	figs-metaphor		0	days are coming … when it	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” Alternate translation: “in the future … it” or “there will be a time … when it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	7	32	t424	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	7	32	ums9	figs-activepassive		0	it will no longer be called	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will no longer call it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	7	32	zbr4			0	they will bury bodies	Alternate translation: “they will bury dead people”
JER	7	32	tue8			0	no room left	Alternate translation: “no place remaining”
JER	7	33	xa8f			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah.
JER	7	33	mb9t			0	The corpses	Alternate translation: “The dead bodies”
JER	7	33	sc5b			0	this people	Alternate translation: “the people of Judah”
JER	7	33	h5ey			0	the birds of the skies	See how you translated “the birds of the heavens” in [Jeremiah 4:25](../04/25.md).
JER	7	33	jv9c			0	the beasts of the earth	Alternate translation: “the wild animals of the land”
JER	7	33	tf93			0	to frighten them away	Alternate translation: “to scare them away”
JER	7	34	cm8g			0	I will put an end to	Alternate translation: “I will remove from”
JER	7	34	w3gl	figs-doublet		0	the sound of joy and the sound of gladness	These two phrases mean almost the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. The abstract nouns “joy” and “gladness” can be translated using the verb “rejoicing” and the adjective “glad.” Alternate translation: “the sounds of people rejoicing and being glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	7	34	mbc1	figs-metonymy		0	the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride	This is a metonym for what happens at marriage ceremonies. Alternate translation: “and people celebrating marriage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	7	34	t5xh	figs-abstractnouns		0	will become a desolation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “desolate.” Alternate translation: “will become desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	8	intro	b29a			0		# Jeremiah 8 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:5-22.<br><br>The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 8:5-9:12. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Hyperbole<br>The author frequently uses hyperbole in this chapter to describe the complete destruction of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER	8	1	w8bg			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah.
JER	8	1	x5ig			0	they will bring	This word “they” here refers to the enemies of the people of Judah.
JER	8	1	c3wu			0	its officials	Alternate translation: “its princes” or “its rulers”
JER	8	2	p4kx			0	will spread them out	The word “them” refers to the bones of the people listed in the previous verse.
JER	8	2	i7h2	figs-parallelism		0	that they have followed and served, that they have walked after and sought, and that they have worshiped	The word “they” here refers to the people of Judah. These three phrases mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	8	2	gvn4	figs-metaphor		0	walked after	This is a metaphor for serving or worshiping. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:23](../02/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	8	2	mxy9	figs-activepassive		0	The bones will not be gathered or buried again	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “No one will gather their bones or bury them again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	8	2	j8lx	figs-simile		0	They will be like dung on the surface of the earth	The bones are compared to dung on the ground both to emphasize that they will be disgusting and because they will not be buried. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	8	2	vr8n			0	on the surface of the earth	Alternate translation: “all over the ground”
JER	8	3	w45m			0	where I have driven them	The word “them” refers to the people of Judah.
JER	8	3	vl6x	figs-123person		0	this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	8	4	xxz7			0	General Information:	The words “them” and “they” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
JER	8	4	tke2			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah.
JER	8	4	rz6z			0	So say to them	Yahweh is telling Jeremiah what to say to the people of Judah.
JER	8	4	v36i	figs-rquestion		0	Does anyone fall and not get up? Does anyone get lost and not try to return?	These questions make the point that the way that the people of Judah were acting did not make sense. They can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that when someone falls, he gets back up, and when someone gets lost, he tries to find his way back.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	8	5	zes9	figs-rquestion		0	Why has this people, Jerusalem, turned away in permanent faithlessness?	Yahweh is saying that the way the people of Judah are acting does not make sense. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It does not make sense that this people, Jerusalem, has turned away in permanent faithlessness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	8	5	vgq1	figs-synecdoche		0	Jerusalem	The word “Jerusalem” here is a synecdoche for all the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	8	5	h7hw	figs-metaphor		0	hold on to treachery	What the people of Judah were doing is spoken of as if they were clinging to treachery and would not let it go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	8	5	n5b8	figs-abstractnouns		0	They hold on to treachery	Here, **treachery** is spoken of as if it were a physical object that a person could hold on to. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **treachery**, you can express the same idea with the verb “deceive.” Holding on to something is a metaphor for loving. Alternate translation: “They refuse to turn away from what deceives them” or “They love the people who deceive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	8	6	y22u			0	General Information:	The words “they” and “them” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
JER	8	6	v92n			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER	8	6	w5p2	figs-doublet		0	paid attention and listened	These two things mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	8	6	sg8t			0	did not speak right	Alternate translation: “did not say what is right”
JER	8	6	i9mx	figs-abstractnouns		0	for his wickedness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “wicked.” Alternate translation: “for being wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	8	6	yw8x	figs-explicit		0	What have I done?	The implied information is that this is a question that the people of Judah should have been asking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done a terrible thing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	8	6	g12y			0	go where they wish	Alternate translation: “go their own way”
JER	8	6	r6ux	figs-simile		0	like a stallion rushing toward battle	The eagerness of the people to follow their own evil way is compared to the eagerness of a war horse running toward a battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	8	6	j57y			0	stallion	adult male horse
JER	8	7	j78m	figs-explicit		0	Even the stork in heaven knows the right times; and the doves, swifts, and cranes	The implied information is that these types of birds know the right times to migrate, which means to fly from one place to another at different times of the year for feeding or breeding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	8	7	lsk2	translate-unknown		0	stork … doves, swifts, and cranes	All of these are different types of birds that migrate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JER	8	7	i7xx	figs-explicit		0	They go on their migrations at the right time, but my people do not know Yahweh’s decrees	The implied information is that the people should have naturally known Yahweh’s decrees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	8	7	g1he	figs-abstractnouns		0	They go on their migrations	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **migrations**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “migrate.” Alternate translation: “They migrate” or “They fly from one region to another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	8	8	qa8a			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER	8	8	n65d	figs-rquestion		0	How can you say, “We are wise, for the law of Yahweh is with us”?	Yahweh asks this question to make the people of Judah think about what they were saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You think that you are wise because you have the law of Yahweh with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	8	8	g95l			0	How can you say	The “you” here refers to the people of Judah.
JER	8	8	d131			0	Indeed, see!	These words tell the hearer to pay close attention to what follows.
JER	8	8	qeg1	figs-metonymy		0	The deceitful pen of the scribes	The pen represents the words that the scribes write. Alternate translation: “The false things that the scribes write” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	8	8	xs9e			0	has created deceit	Alternate translation: “has given you false ideas”
JER	8	9	g2b6	figs-irony		0	The wise men will be ashamed	This is irony because the wise men are normally honored for their wisdom. Alternate translation: “Those men who think they are wise will feel ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER	8	9	eb2b			0	dismayed	terrified or shattered
JER	8	9	kk1b			0	Behold!	Alternate translation: “Pay attention!”
JER	8	9	i9ya	figs-rquestion		0	so what use is their wisdom?	This question expects a negative answer and is intended to make the hearers think about how little what they consider wisdom is really worth when they reject Yahweh’s word. Alternate translation: “so what they think is wise does not do them any good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	8	10	n8yx			0	because from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy for dishonest gain! From the prophet to the priest, all of them practice deceit	See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:13](../06/13.md).
JER	8	10	eq1m	figs-merism		0	because from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy	The phrase “from the least to the greatest” shows that all the people of Judah are included in the phrase “all of them,” regardless of how important they are. Alternate translation: “because all of them, including the least powerful, the most powerful, and everyone else, are greedy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER	8	10	by2f	figs-nominaladj		0	the least	This refers to the least powerful and least important people. Alternate translation: “the least powerful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER	8	10	m98v	figs-nominaladj		0	the greatest	This refers to the most powerful and most important people. Alternate translation: “the greatest people” or “the most powerful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER	8	10	ry2p			0	all of them	Alternate translation: “all of the people of Judah”
JER	8	10	c6bc	figs-abstractnouns		0	are greedy for dishonest gain	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **gain**, you can express the same idea with the phrases “get more money” or “get more things.” Alternate translation: “want to get more money by lying to people” or “strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	8	10	me66			0	all of them practice deceit	Alternate translation: “all of them deceive people” or “all of them are liars”
JER	8	11	a894			0	General Information:	The words “they,” “their” and “them” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
JER	8	11	f7ex			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
JER	8	11	t6ta	figs-metaphor		0	They healed the wounds of my people lightly	This could mean: (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	8	11	t1ge	figs-metaphor		0	They healed the wounds … lightly	Here “lightly” represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	8	11	mjy3			0	“Peace, Peace,” when there was no peace	Alternate translation: “‘All is well, All is well,’ but it was not well”
JER	8	12	j556	figs-rquestion		0	Were they ashamed when they practiced abominations?	God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. Alternate translation: “They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	8	12	a8qy			0	they did not know how to blush	“their faces did not even turn red.” When a person is ashamed, his face normally turns red.
JER	8	12	m1ix	figs-metaphor		0	they will fall among the fallen	Here “fall” represents being killed. Alternate translation: “they will be killed along with the others who are killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	8	12	x1y2	figs-metaphor		0	they will be brought down when they are punished	Here “will be brought down” represents being destroyed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them when I punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	8	13	b972	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	8	13	yf5y			0	the leaf will wither	Alternate translation: “the leaf will dry up”
JER	8	13	qr8u			0	what I have given to them will pass away	The meaning of the original text is uncertain here.
JER	8	14	fx4e			0	General Information:	The words “we,” “us” and “our” refer to the people of Judah.
JER	8	14	nn25			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues his message by telling us what the people of Judah will say at the time of their punishment.
JER	8	14	r249	figs-rquestion		0	Why are we sitting here?	This question is asked to motivate action. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We should not stay here.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	8	14	bl3v			0	Come together; let us go to the fortified cities	The “fortified cities” were cities with high walls and strong defenses. See how you translated the similar phrases in [Jeremiah 4:5](../04/05.md).
JER	8	14	vsn4	figs-metaphor		0	we will become silent there in death	Here “become silent” means to die. Alternate translation: “let us die there” or “let us wait for our enemies to kill us there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	8	14	pv27	figs-metaphor		0	For Yahweh our God will silence us	Here “silence” is a metaphor for condemning to death. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh our God has condemned us to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	8	14	tg23	figs-idiom		0	He will make us drink poison	This is an idiom for Yahweh’s judgment on his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	8	15	cpw9			0	but there will be nothing good	Alternate translation: “but nothing good will happen”
JER	8	15	i77n			0	but see	Alternate translation: “but understand”
JER	8	16	fvu7			0	General Information:	The words “his” and “they” in these verses refer to the enemies of Judah.
JER	8	16	s1ew			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues his message about the punishment coming to Judah.
JER	8	16	ck4x	figs-activepassive		0	The snorting of his stallions is heard from Dan	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Dan hear the snorting of his stallions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	8	16	qq3k			0	snorting	a loud sound that a horse makes with its nose
JER	8	16	x69l			0	stallions	adult male horses
JER	8	16	v3by	figs-hyperbole		0	The whole earth shakes	This is an exaggeration that is a metaphor for the people of Judah trembling with fear. Alternate translation: “All the people of the land shake with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	8	16	hjp2			0	at the sound of the neighing of his strong horses	Alternate translation: “when they hear the sound of the enemy’s strong horses”
JER	8	16	x6ln			0	neighing	a sound that a horse makes
JER	8	16	a2w1	figs-idiom		0	they will come and consume	Here the word “consume” means to eat up. It is an idiom for how the enemies come and destroy the land and its inhabitants. Alternate translation: “they will come and destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	8	17	ns7j			0	For see	Alternate translation: “Now pay attention”
JER	8	17	nvi3			0	vipers that you cannot charm	To charm means to sing or make music in order to control snakes.
JER	8	17	ma3y	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	8	18	f7zw			0	General Information:	Jeremiah and Yahweh have a conversation about the people of Judah.
JER	8	18	hkg9			0	My sorrow has no end	The word “my” refers to Jeremiah. The original text is unclear and is interpreted here in different ways by modern versions.
JER	8	18	ia82	figs-hyperbole		0	has no end	These words are an exaggeration that express the great extent of Jeremiah’s sorrow. Alternate translation: “is very great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER	8	18	ah2i	figs-synecdoche		0	my heart is sick	Here “heart” represents Jeremiah, emphasizing his feelings and emotions. Alternate translation: “I feel sick deep down inside me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	8	19	i7c2			0	Behold!	This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. “Pay attention!”
JER	8	19	i2u5	figs-metaphor		0	the daughter of my people	Jeremiah is speaking about the people of Judah in a way that shows his affection for them, as if for a daughter. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate translation: “my dear people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	8	19	qg4d			0	from a land far away	This could mean: (1) From exile. Alternate translation: “from exile in a distant land” or (2) From throughout the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “throughout our land”
JER	8	19	r91i	figs-parallelism		0	Is Yahweh not in Zion? Is her king no longer there?	These two questions are similar in meaning. They imply that the people of Judah are wondering why Yahweh is not saving them. Alternate translation: “Why does Yahweh not save us if he is the king in Zion?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	8	19	i1se	figs-rquestion		0	Why then do they provoke me to anger with their carved figures and their worthless foreign idols?	The word “me” refers to Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “If they want me to save them, then they must not offend me with their carved figures.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	8	20	i3bj			0	General Information:	The word “we” refers to the people of Judah. The words “I” and “my” refer to Jeremiah.
JER	8	20	f1z4			0	Connecting Statement:	Jeremiah continues talking about the people of Judah.
JER	8	20	ey1x			0	The harvest has passed on	Alternate translation: “Harvest time is over”
JER	8	20	d3mu	figs-activepassive		0	But we have not been saved	Jeremiah tells what the people of Judah are saying. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh has not saved us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	8	21	epc5	figs-parallelism		0	I am hurt because of the hurt of the daughter of my people. I mourn at the horrible things that have happened to her; I am dismayed	These statements express the same idea in more than one way for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	8	22	j9cz	figs-rquestion		0	Is there no medicine in Gilead? Is there no healer there? Why will the healing of the daughter of my people not happen?	These questions are asked to make the point that the people of Judah have not been saved. Alternate translation: “There is medicine in Gilead, and there are healers there, so tell me why the healing of my dear people will not happen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	9	intro	muj3			0		# Jeremiah 9 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 9:1-12, 17-24.<br><br>The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 8:5-9:12. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Funeral<br>This chapter pictures Jerusalem as having a funeral with its typical songs. This is an image used to describe their destruction. It is a time of great sadness.<br><br>### Circumcision<br>Circumcision is used here in an unusual way. Since circumcision was intended to be a display of faith, the author uses the term to differentiate between those who have faith in Yahweh and those who don’t. This is a type of metaphor. Those who have a circumcised heart have faith in Yahweh while those with an uncircumcised heart do not have faith in Yahweh, regardless of whether they are physically circumcised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	9	1	dw2v			0	General Information:	Yahweh and Jeremiah continue talking about the people of Judah.
JER	9	1	rjn7	figs-parallelism		0	If only my head could produce water, and my eyes be a fountain of tears	This is Jeremiah speaking. These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how much Jeremiah is weeping. Alternate translation: “I wish I could make more tears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	9	1	f1ez	figs-merism		0	day and night	By mentioning both “day” and “night” this phrase means all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “continually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER	9	1	x4zd	figs-metaphor		0	the daughter of my people	Yahweh shows his love for his people by speaking of them as a daughter. Here Jeremiah uses this same phrase for the people that Yahweh uses. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate translation: “my people, who are like Yahweh’s daughter” or “my dear people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	9	1	gx7s	figs-activepassive		0	who have been killed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom the enemy has killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	9	2	m5fi			0	If only someone would give me	“I wish someone would give me.” This is still Jeremiah speaking.
JER	9	2	t6vy			0	a place for travelers in the wilderness to stay	This refers to a building for people traveling in the wilderness, where they can stop and sleep overnight.
JER	9	2	l2ci			0	abandon my people	Alternate translation: “leave my people”
JER	9	2	y2h4			0	a band of traitors	Alternate translation: “a group of people who betray other people”
JER	9	3	m7dg			0	Yahweh declares	See how you translated “this is Yahweh’s declaration” in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md).
JER	9	3	dkt1	figs-metaphor		0	They tread on their bows of lies with their tongues	Telling lies is spoken of as being done by the tongues of the wicked. Also, since a spoken lie cannot be taken back, telling lies is spoken of as if it were shooting arrows. Men who use bows must step on their bows in order to fasten the bowstrings, so liars are referred to here as if they were stringing their bows using their tongues. Alternate translation: “Their lies are like arrows that they shoot with the tongues” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	9	3	q5qh	figs-irony		0	but it is not because of any faithfulness of theirs that they grow strong on the earth	“They do not grow strong on the earth because they are faithful to Yahweh, as they are wicked” and “This means that the people are not faithful to Yahweh, but rather are wicked and have gained their power through wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER	9	3	vc82	figs-metaphor		0	They go from one wicked act to another	Committing one evil action after another is spoken of as if the evildoers were going from one action to another. Alternate translation: “They keep doing evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	9	4	i6ut			0	Each of you	The word “you” refers to the people of Judah.
JER	9	4	zbn4			0	be on guard against your neighbor and do not trust in any brother	Alternate translation: “be careful not to trust your fellow Israelites, and do not even trust your own brother”
JER	9	4	n2fi	figs-idiom		0	every neighbor walks in slander	Here “walking” is an idiom for living. Alternate translation: “every neighbor slanders one another” or “every neighbor is a slanderer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	9	5	t4rw			0	Each man mocks his neighbor and does not speak the truth	Alternate translation: “All of the people mock each other, and they do not tell the truth”
JER	9	5	w9wa	figs-synecdoche		0	Their tongues teach deceitful things	Here people are represented by their “tongues” to emphasize their speech. Alternate translation: “They teach deceitful things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	9	5	k167			0	They are exhausted from committing iniquity	Alternate translation: “They are tired from committing so much sin”
JER	9	6	kdu3	figs-metaphor		0	Your dwelling is in the midst of deception	Yahweh speaks of living among people who are liars as living in the middle of deception. Alternate translation: “Your dwelling is among the dwellings of liars” or “You dwell in the midst of liars” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	9	6	ijp7			0	in their deceit	Alternate translation: “By telling all of these lies”
JER	9	6	ra6u	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	9	7	l451	figs-idiom		0	See	Yahweh uses this word here to draw Jeremiah’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	9	7	kq5h	figs-metaphor		0	to refine them	Yahweh speaks of testing the people and dealing with their evil ways, as if they were metal that he were melting in a crucible to remove its impurities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	9	7	y5gl	figs-rquestion		0	for what else can I do, because of what my people have done?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to state that this is how he needs to deal with his people because of what they have done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “for this is how I must deal with my people because of what they have done.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	9	8	ak19	figs-metaphor		0	Their tongues are sharpened arrows	This speaks of people’s tongues as if they were sharpened arrows because of how the people hurt others by what they say. Here their speech is represented by their “tongues.” Alternate translation: “Their words are like sharpened arrows that hurt other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	9	8	yi2b	figs-metonymy		0	With their mouths they proclaim peace with their neighbors	Here people’s speech is represented by their “mouths.” Alternate translation: “They speak, saying that they want peace with their neighbors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	9	8	f4zw	figs-metaphor		0	but with their hearts they lie in wait for them	Here a people’s desires are represented by their “hearts.” This speaks of them wanting to hurt their neighbors as if they were an animal crouching and waiting to attack its prey. Alternate translation: “but what they really want is to destroy their neighbors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	9	9	x1jx	figs-rquestion		0	Should I not punish them because of these things … should I not avenge myself on a nation that is like this?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will not have mercy and stop himself from punishing them. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 5:9](../05/09.md). Alternate translation: “Because they do these things, I will punish them … I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	9	9	fm1d	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	9	10	zfu4	figs-parallelism		0	I will sing a song of mourning … a funeral song will be sung for the meadows	Yahweh is mourning for the land of Israel as if it were a person who died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	9	10	s5s7	figs-activepassive		0	a funeral song will be sung	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will sing a funeral song” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	9	10	xf64			0	the meadows	Alternate translation: “the fields of grass that the livestock eats”
JER	9	10	x2nb	figs-activepassive		0	For they are burned	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Because someone has burned the meadows and pastures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	9	10	dv5k			0	They will not hear the sound of any cattle	Alternate translation: “Nobody will hear the sound of cattle there”
JER	9	11	mp5y			0	a hideout for jackals	“a place for jackals to hide.” Jackals are fierce wild dogs.
JER	9	11	har1			0	places without inhabitants	Alternate translation: “places where no people live”
JER	9	12	lun7	figs-rquestion		0	What man is wise enough to understand this?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only a very wise person will understand the things he has said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only people who are very wise can understand these things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	9	12	dem8	figs-rquestion		0	To whom has the mouth of Yahweh spoken, and he will declare it?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only the people he has spoken to can declare these things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only those who have been taught by Yahweh can explain these things to others.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	9	12	r7i9	figs-synecdoche		0	the mouth of Yahweh	Here Yahweh’s speech is represented by his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	9	12	ru4f	figs-rquestion		0	Why has the land perished and been destroyed … pass through?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only a wise person could explain why the land has been destroyed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only a wise person could explain why the land has perished and been destroyed … pass through.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	9	12	x8mt	figs-activepassive		0	has the land perished and been destroyed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Both “perished” and “been ruined” describe the land being ruined. Alternate translation: “is the land ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	9	13	v98g			0	It is because	Alternate translation: “These things will happen because”
JER	9	13	dqx8	figs-metaphor		0	they have abandoned my law	Yahweh speaks of the people not obeying his law as if it were something that they had walked away from. Alternate translation: “they have rejected my law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	9	13	maj3	figs-metonymy		0	they do not listen to my voice	Here Yahweh’s “voice” represents what he says. Alternate translation: “they do not pay attention to the things I tell them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	9	13	cf6h	figs-idiom		0	or walk by it	Here “walk” is an idiom for “live.” Alternate translation: “or live the way I tell them to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	9	14	d459	figs-metonymy		0	they have walked by their stubborn hearts	Here the people’s “stubborn hearts” represent their stubborn desires and stubborn will. Also, here “walked” represents living. Alternate translation: “they have been stubborn and lived the way they want to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	9	14	upa5			0	have followed the Baals	Alternate translation: “have worshiped the Baals”
JER	9	15	bg34			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	9	15	za9v	figs-idiom		0	See	Yahweh uses this word here to draw the people’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	9	15	s4r8			0	wormwood	a plant that tastes bitter
JER	9	16	nyj4			0	Then I will scatter them among the nations	Alternate translation: “Then I will force them to leave here and live in many different countries”
JER	9	16	axn5	figs-ellipsis		0	neither they nor their ancestors	The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “that neither they nor their ancestors have known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	9	16	w74v	figs-metonymy		0	I will send out a sword after them	Here the word “sword” refers to an enemy army. Alternate translation: “I will send an army of soldiers to fight against them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	9	16	bq4y	figs-metonymy		0	I have completely destroyed them	This is a metonym for Yahweh causing the people’s enemies to destroy them. Alternate translation: “I have caused their enemies to completely destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	9	17	lv4i			0	General Information:	Yahweh tells the people of Judah to mourn for the coming destruction of the land.
JER	9	17	ict2			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	9	17	air9	figs-parallelism		0	Summon funeral singers; let them come … Send out for women skilled at lamenting; let them come	These two phrases have the same meaning. They emphasize that they are to call funeral singers to come. Alternate translation: “Get women who are trained in mourning and bring those women here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	9	17	d5sd			0	Summon funeral singers	Alternate translation: “Call women who are professional singers at funerals”
JER	9	17	u7sp	figs-idiom		0	let them come	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “tell the women to come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	9	17	j5jq	figs-metonymy		0	Send out for women skilled at lamenting	The phrase “send out for” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Send people out to get women who are skilled at mourning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	9	18	ln9m	figs-exclusive		0	Let them hurry and sing a mournful song … and our eyelids flow with water	Here Yahweh says what the people of Judah will say when the destruction comes. The words “us” and “our” refer to the people of Judah and does not include Yahweh. This may be written instead as a command from Yahweh to the people. Alternate translation: “Tell them to hurry and sing a song to mourn for you, so your eyes may run with tears and your eyelids flow with water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
JER	9	18	fft6	figs-explicit		0	so our eyes may run with tears and our eyelids flow with water	This describes the people crying a lot. Alternate translation: “so we will cry very hard with tears flowing from our eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	9	19	g4rv			0	General Information:	Here Yahweh is saying what the people of Judah will say when he destroys the land.
JER	9	19	la1m	figs-activepassive		0	For the sound of wailing is heard in Zion	This refers to the people of Zion wailing loudly and can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Zion are crying loudly, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	9	19	s2nn	figs-idiom		0	How we are devastated	Yahweh tells what the people of Judah will say when the land is destroyed. Alternate translation: “We are very upset” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	9	19	g3w7			0	We are greatly ashamed, for we have abandoned the land since they tore down our houses	Alternate translation: “Our shame is great, because enemies destroyed our houses and we had to leave the land of Israel”
JER	9	20	n18s	figs-parallelism		0	hear Yahweh’s word; pay attention to the messages that come from his mouth	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the command to listen to what Yahweh says. In the second phrase Yahweh’s “mouth” is a metonym for himself. Alternate translation: “listen to what Yahweh says. Pay attention to his words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	9	20	hr1b	figs-ellipsis		0	each neighbor woman a funeral song	The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “teach each neighbor woman a funeral song” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	9	21	ruq9			0	General Information:	Here Yahweh is saying what the people of Judah will say when he destroys the land.
JER	9	21	tk2q	figs-personification		0	For death has come through our windows … young men in the city squares	The people of Judah will compare death to a person who can climb in windows to attack the people inside and attacks people in the palaces, streets, and city squares. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	9	21	nap5			0	palaces	fancy houses where kings live. Death will come to rich and poor alike.
JER	9	21	w73h			0	city squares	marketplaces
JER	9	22	b1lf	figs-123person		0	This is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “This is what Yahweh has declared” or “This is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	9	22	tfy4	figs-parallelism		0	the corpses of men will fall like dung … like grain stalks after the reapers	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the large number dead bodies. Alternate translation: “dead bodies will fall all over the place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	9	22	q61w	figs-simile		0	corpses of men will fall like dung in the fields	This describes the great number of people who will die, by comparing their bodies to dung that falls in the fields. Alternate translation: “dead bodies will drop everywhere like animal dung falls all over the fields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	9	22	j451	figs-simile		0	like grain stalks after the reapers	This describes the great number of people who will die, by comparing their bodies to cut stalks of grain. Alternate translation: “like stalks of grain fall everywhere after the farmers cut them down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	9	22	hyq6			0	there will be no one to gather them	Alternate translation: “there will be nobody to gather the dead bodies”
JER	9	23	v41m			0	General Information:	These are the words of Yahweh.
JER	9	23	cbr4			0	Do not let the wise man take pride in his wisdom	Alternate translation: “A wise man should not be proud because he is wise”
JER	9	23	r3w7	figs-ellipsis		0	or the warrior in his might	The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “or let the warrior take pride in his might” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	9	23	mi8d			0	Do not let the wealthy man take pride in his riches	Alternate translation: “A rich man should not be proud because he is rich”
JER	9	24	vub7	figs-parallelism		0	has insight and knows me	“understands who I am and knows me.” Both of these phrases have similar meanings. They emphasize people knowing who Yahweh is and understanding who he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	9	24	eht9	figs-explicit		0	For I am Yahweh	This refers to people knowing Yahweh and his ways. Alternate translation: “Because people should understand that I am Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	9	24	ccv3			0	For it is in these that I take pleasure	The word “these” refers to covenant loyalty, justice, and righteousness.
JER	9	24	t9de	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	9	25	wg3m			0	General Information:	These are the words of Yahweh.
JER	9	25	md99	figs-idiom		0	See	Yahweh uses this word here to draw the people’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Indeed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	9	25	k6yc	figs-metaphor		0	all the circumcised who are such only in their body	This refers to the people of Israel who have entered into Yahweh’s covenant by getting circumcised physically, but who have not changed their inner beings by following his laws. Alternate translation: “all those people who have changed their bodies by circumcising them but who have not changed their inner beings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	9	26	qn15			0	all the people who cut the hair on their heads very short	This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “all the people who live on the edge of the wilderness.”
JER	9	26	siw4	figs-metonymy		0	For all these nations are uncircumcised	The word “nations” refers to the people who live in these places. Foreigners being uncircumcised was a sign that they were not in Yahweh’s covenant. Alternate translation: “For the people of these nations did not enter into a covenant with Yahweh through circumcision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	9	26	l471	figs-metonymy		0	all the house of Israel has an uncircumcised heart	The “heart” represents a person’s will and desires. An “uncircumcised heart” represents the character of a person that does not follow Yahweh and his laws. Also, the “house” of Israel refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the people of Israel are only circumcised on the outside and have not changed their hearts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	10	intro	v6xy			0		# Jeremiah 10 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 10:1-25 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are a long quotation.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s power<br>This chapter contrasts the great power of Yahweh with the powerlessness of any other false god. It is intended to question why the Jews would worship any other god. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
JER	10	1	v6qy			0	General Information:	Yahweh has just reminded the people of Judah, as well as Egypt, Edom, Ammon, Moab and all people, that they will be punished.
JER	10	1	d4ld			0	Hear the word	Alternate translation: “Hear the message”
JER	10	1	str3	figs-metonymy		0	house of Israel	Here the “house” of Israel represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	10	2	zcj4			0	Do not learn the ways of the nations	Alternate translation: “Do not act like the other nations act”
JER	10	2	v9aa			0	dismayed	worried or upset
JER	10	2	cej6			0	by the signs in the heavens	Alternate translation: “by strange things in the sky”
JER	10	2	f2sy	figs-activepassive		0	for the nations are dismayed by these	Here “the nations” refer to the people who live in them. This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “for the people of the nations are afraid of the strange things they see in the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	10	3	d8ux			0	General Information:	Yahweh has just reminded them not to learn the ways of the nations nor be worried by things that happen in the sky.
JER	10	3	t24u			0	craftsman	a man skilled in his work
JER	10	5	xhf6	figs-simile		0	What they make with their hands is like scarecrows	A scarecrow is a man-like figure made to scare birds and prevent them from eating the crops. Here Yahweh compares the idols to scarecrows because they are not capable of doing anything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	10	5	y84p			0	cucumber	a vegetable that is usually long, with green skin and white flesh that contains much water
JER	10	5	s7ty	figs-activepassive		0	they have to be carried	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people have to carry them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	10	6	gd4l			0	General Information:	Jeremiah has just been talking about idol worship.
JER	10	6	n439	figs-metonymy		0	your name is great in power	Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to himself and his reputation. Alternate translation: “you are very powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	10	7	c4dh	figs-rquestion		0	Who does not fear you, king of the nations?	Jeremiah asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that everyone should fear Yahweh. Here he refers to Yahweh as “king of the nations.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Everyone should fear you, king of the nations.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	10	7	d3y9			0	what you deserve	Alternate translation: “what you have earned”
JER	10	8	p37g	figs-doublet		0	They are all the same, they are brutish and stupid, disciples	The words “brutish” and “stupid” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how foolish the people are for worshiping idols. Alternate translation: “They are all very stupid, they are disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	10	8	hm7c			0	disciples of idols that are nothing but wood	Alternate translation: “they try to learn from an idol which is only a piece of wood”
JER	10	9	ni29	translate-names		0	Tarshish … Uphaz	places where silver and gold are mined (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	10	9	zr2p	figs-activepassive		0	gold from Uphaz made by artificers, the hands of refiners	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Also, the refiners are represented here by their “hands” because they do their work with their hands. Alternate translation: “gold from Uphaz that skilled craftsmen and refiners have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	10	9	a9y4			0	artificers	Alternate translation: “skilled craftsmen”
JER	10	9	xa2h			0	refiners	people who heat gold to remove from it anything that is not gold
JER	10	9	e22z			0	Their clothes are blue and purple cloth	Alternate translation: “The people dress the idols in blue and purple cloth”
JER	10	10	mm4u	figs-personification		0	The earth quakes at his anger	This speaks of the earth shaking as an emotional response to Yahweh’s anger, when actually Yahweh causes the earth to quake. Alternate translation: “The earth quakes when he is angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	10	10	re97			0	quakes	Alternate translation: “shakes”
JER	10	11	ng9f			0	General Information:	God is speaking to Jeremiah.
JER	10	11	bq56			0	You will speak to them like this	The word “you” refers to the Israelites and the word “them” refers to the people of the other nations.
JER	10	11	csc7	figs-metaphor		0	will perish from the earth	This speaks of the idols disappearing and losing their significance as if they were dying. This emphasizes their lack of power. Alternate translation: “will disappear from the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	10	12	sjc2	figs-metaphor		0	stretched out the heavens	This speaks of Yahweh creating the sky as if it were a large sheet that he stretched out. Alternate translation: “created the heavens” or “created the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	10	13	hlz6	figs-metonymy		0	His voice makes the roar of waters in the heavens	Here Yahweh is represented by his “voice” to emphasize his speech. The phrase “the roar of waters” refers to loud storms. Alternate translation: “His voice causes the storms in the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	10	13	b87n	figs-explicit		0	he brings up the mists from the ends of the earth	This means that he causes the mists to evaporate and form clouds. The phrase “the ends of the earth” refers to all of the earth. Alternate translation: “he causes clouds to form over every part of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	10	13	y78p	figs-metaphor		0	sends out wind from his storehouse	This speaks of Yahweh causing the wind to blow as if the wind were kept in a storehouse and brought out when he desires. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	10	13	h3h9			0	storehouse	a building where things are kept
JER	10	14	rb7t			0	has become ignorant	Alternate translation: “is lacking knowledge” or “does not know”
JER	10	14	up7n	figs-activepassive		0	Every metalworker is put to shame by his idols	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Every metalworker’s idols put him to shame” or “As for every metalworker, his idols shame him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	10	15	l8cb	figs-personification		0	they will perish at the time of their punishment	This speaks of the final destruction of the idols. Alternate translation: “there will be a time when God will destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	10	16	gc2y	figs-metonymy		0	the portion of Jacob	Here “Jacob” represents the people of Israel. God being their “portion” is an idiom that means that they worship him. Alternate translation: “the portion of Israel” or “whom the people of Israel worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	10	16	q8sb			0	the molder of all things	Alternate translation: “the creator of all things” or “the one who created all things”
JER	10	16	p7kl	figs-metaphor		0	Israel is the tribe of his inheritance	This speaks of Israel belonging to Yahweh as if it were something that Yahweh gained through inheritance. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Israel belongs to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	10	17	hm4j			0	Gather your bundle	Alternate translation: “Gather your belongings”
JER	10	17	g8r9			0	who have been living under the siege	Alternate translation: “whose city has been surrounded by your enemies’ army” or “who have been living in your city while an enemy army surrounds it”
JER	10	18	h5w8	figs-idiom		0	See	Yahweh uses this word here to draw the peoples’ attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	10	18	yy6k	figs-metaphor		0	I am about to throw the inhabitants of the land out this time	Here Yahweh speaks of causing the people to leave the land as if they were objects that he were throwing out of a container. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people living in the land to leave that land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	10	18	bz7p			0	inhabitants of the land	Alternate translation: “people who live in the land”
JER	10	18	ku2a			0	distress	great pain or suffering
JER	10	19	wud3	figs-synecdoche		0	General Information:	Jeremiah is speaking as if he were the whole tribe of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	10	19	k8py	figs-metaphor		0	Woe to me! Because of my broken bones, my wound is infected	Jeremiah speaks of the peoples’ distress as if they were physically wounded by broken bones and infection. Alternate translation: “Woe to us! It is as though we have broken bones and an infected wound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	10	19	m4ix	figs-synecdoche		0	but I must bear it	Here Jeremiah represents the whole tribe of Israel. Alternate translation: “but we must bear it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	10	20	g663	figs-metaphor		0	My tent is devastated, and all of my tent cords are cut in two	Here Jeremiah speaks of the enemy having destroyed their city as if their tent had been destroyed. Alternate translation: “It is as though our great tent is destroyed; the ropes that held it up have been cut” or “The enemy has completely destroyed our city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	10	20	l9vb	figs-activepassive		0	My tent is devastated	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “My enemy has devastated my tent” or “Our enemy has destroyed our tent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	10	20	plf2	figs-synecdoche		0	They have taken my children away from me	Here Jeremiah represents the whole tribe of Israel. Alternate translation: “Our enemies have taken our children away from us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	10	20	tc5f	figs-metaphor		0	so they no longer exist	The children no longer existing is a metaphor for the parents never seeing them again. Alternate translation: “and it is like they no longer exist” or “and they will never return again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	10	20	n6v1	figs-metaphor		0	There is no longer anyone to spread out my tent or to raise up my tent curtains	Here Jeremiah speaks of them not having descendants to rebuild their city as if their city were a tent that needs to be rebuilt. Alternate translation: “There is no one to rebuild our city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	10	21	x7r1	figs-metaphor		0	For the shepherds are stupid … all their flock has been scattered	Here the leaders of Israel are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were flocks of sheep. Alternate translation: “For the shepherds of our people are stupid … all the people of their flock have been scattered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	10	21	zmx4	figs-activepassive		0	all their flock has been scattered	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and their enemies have scattered all their flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	10	22	r6v8	figs-metaphor		0	See! It is coming, a great earthquake is coming	Here the marching enemy armies are spoken of as if they were an earthquake. The word “See!” is used here as an idiom to draw the listener’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Look! The enemy army is coming, they sound like a great earthquake as they are marching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	10	22	t67q			0	jackals	a type of fierce wild dog
JER	10	23	vv9s			0	General Information:	Jeremiah prays for the people of Israel.
JER	10	23	iqa8	figs-parallelism		0	that the way of a man does not come from himself. No person walking directs his own steps	These two phrases mean the same thing. This means that no one has control over the various things that will happen to him during his life. Alternate translation: “that no person controls what will happen to him; no one is able to direct the events that he will experience” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	10	25	kfn6	figs-metaphor		0	Pour your fury on the nations	Here “the nations” refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “In your fury, punish the nations” or “In your anger, punish the nations of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	10	25	pi1m	figs-idiom		0	that do not call on your name	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that do not worship you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	10	25	b1zn	figs-parallelism		0	For they have devoured Jacob and consumed him so as to completely destroy him	These three phrases have the same meaning. Jeremiah repeats this idea three times to emphasize the utter destruction of Israel. This speaks of the enemy armies attacking the people of Israel as if the armies were a fierce animal attacking and devouring its prey. Alternate translation: “For they have fiercely attacked the people of Israel and consumed them so as to completely destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	10	25	z8p8			0	demolish his habitation	Alternate translation: “demolish their homes”
JER	11	intro	tg7m			0		# Jeremiah 11 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 11:15-17, 20.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The covenant<br><br>The covenant Yahweh made with Moses is prominent in this chapter. Because the people disobeyed this covenant, God will not help them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
JER	11	1	l9ym	figs-idiom		0	The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said,” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	11	2	q9d8			0	the inhabitants of Jerusalem	Alternate translation: “the people who live in Jerusalem”
JER	11	3	d8vl	figs-activepassive		0	Cursed is anyone	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will curse anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	11	4	gi9b	figs-metaphor		0	from the land of Egypt, from the furnace for smelting iron	This speaks of the horrible circumstances and oppression the Israelites were living in Egypt by comparing them to a smelting furnace. Alternate translation: “of Egypt. What happened to them in Egypt was terrible; it was as though they were living in a hot furnace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	11	4	q1a1			0	smelting	heating iron to liquid form
JER	11	4	fni7	figs-metonymy		0	Listen to my voice	The word “voice” here is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and “listen” is a metonym for “obey.” Alternate translation: “Obey what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	11	5	dhd3	figs-metaphor		0	the land flowing with milk and honey	“the land where milk and honey flow.” God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: “the land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	11	6	ts3p			0	the words of this covenant	Alternate translation: “the terms of this covenant”
JER	11	6	szb8	figs-idiom		0	carry them out	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “obey them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	11	7	q8ju			0	solemn	serious and important
JER	11	7	k1gz	figs-metonymy		0	Listen to my voice	The word “voice” here is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and “listen” is a metonym for “obey.” Alternate translation: “Obey what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	11	8	uvr6	figs-idiom		0	Each person has been walking in the stubbornness of his wicked heart.	Here “walking” is an idiom for the way a person lives. The word “heart” is a metonym for a person’s desires and emotions. Alternate translation: “Each person has refused to change and has been living by his own wicked desires” or “Each person has refused to change and continues to do the evil things that they want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	11	8	dla5			0	So I brought all the curses in this covenant that I commanded to come against them	Alternate translation: “So I punished them with all the curses that I described in this covenant that I had commanded them to obey”
JER	11	9	n1vg	figs-activepassive		0	A conspiracy has been discovered	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “There is a conspiracy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	11	9	n8g7			0	conspiracy	a secret plan to do something that is harmful or illegal
JER	11	9	lr11			0	the inhabitants of Jerusalem	Alternate translation: “the people who live in Jerusalem”
JER	11	10	g2wu	figs-activepassive		0	They have turned to the iniquities of their earliest ancestors	The phrase “turned to” is an idiom that means to start doing something. Alternate translation: “They have returned to committing the same iniquities as their earliest ancestors committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	11	10	u3ji			0	walked after	Alternate translation: “followed after”
JER	11	10	x1cg	figs-metonymy		0	The house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “The kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	11	10	u4q4	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	11	11	sr2g			0	See	This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER	11	12	cy8r	figs-metonymy		0	The cities of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem	Here the “cities of Judah” represents the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “The people who live in the cities of Judah and in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	11	12	kpf4	figs-activepassive		0	but they will certainly not be saved by them	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but their gods will certainly not save them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	11	13	k26k			0	to equal	Alternate translation: “to as many as”
JER	11	13	d3q3			0	her streets	Alternate translation: “the streets in Jerusalem”
JER	11	14	em49			0	You must not wail	Alternate translation: “You must not make a loud cry of sadness”
JER	11	15	r1nl	figs-rquestion		0	Why is my beloved one, the one who has had so many wicked intentions, in my house?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the people Judah no longer have a right to be in his temple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “My beloved one, the one who has had so many wicked intentions, should not be in my house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	11	15	r9hb	figs-metaphor		0	is my beloved one, the one who has had	The people of Judah are spoken of as if they were a single woman greatly beloved. Alternate translation: “are the people whom I love, those who have had” or “are the people of Judah whom I love, who have had” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	11	16	ia9c	figs-metaphor		0	In the past Yahweh called you a leafy olive tree	In the Old Testament people were often compared to trees or plants. Those who were prosperous and healthy were spoken of as leafy, fruitful tree. Alternate translation: “In the past Yahweh said that you were like a leafy olive tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	11	16	q1zk	figs-metaphor		0	will light a fire on it	This expression continues the metaphor of the tree. The fire stands for the destruction of the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	11	16	jn51	figs-simile		0	that will sound like the roar of a storm	This compares the sound of the raging fire to the sound of a severe storm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	11	16	bt3s	figs-activepassive		0	its branches will be broken	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it will break off your branches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	11	17	u8fc	figs-metaphor		0	the one who planted you	This speaks of Yahweh placing the people of Israel and Judah in the places where they live as if they were a tree that Yahweh had planted. Alternate translation: “who planted you like a farmer plants a tree” or “the one who placed you to live in the land of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	11	17	b82g			0	has decreed disaster against you	Alternate translation: “has decreed that disaster will come upon you”
JER	11	17	cs7v	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	11	17	p53z	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	11	18	aeu2			0	Yahweh made me know these things, so I know them	“You have revealed things to me and so I know them.” The refers to Yahweh revealing to Jeremiah that his enemies were planning to kill him.
JER	11	18	nd6g	figs-metaphor		0	made me see their deeds	The refers to Yahweh revealing to Jeremiah that his enemies were planning to kill him. This is spoken of here as if Jeremiah has already see their actions. Alternate translation: “have revealed to me their evil plans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	11	19	s72l	figs-metaphor		0	I was like a gentle lamb being led to a butcher	This speaks of Jeremiah being unaware of his enemies’ plans to kill him by comparing him to a lamb who is being led to be slaughtered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	11	19	msn1	figs-activepassive		0	being led to a butcher	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that my enemies were leading to a butcher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	11	19	jta1	figs-metaphor		0	Let us destroy the tree with its fruit	Here Jeremiah’s enemies speak of killing him as if he were a fruit tree that they were planning to destroy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	11	19	brr9	figs-idiom		0	Let us cut him off from the land of the living	The phrase “cut him off” means to destroy him. Also, “the living” refers to living people. Alternate translation: “Let us kill him so he is no longer in the land of those who are alive” or “Let us destroy him so that he is no longer among the world of living people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	11	19	cr3r	figs-activepassive		0	his name will be no longer remembered	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will no longer remember his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	11	20	xa3x	figs-metonymy		0	the heart and the mind	The heart is a metonym for what a person feels and desires and “the mind” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides. Alternate translation: “a person’s feelings and thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	11	20	u147	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will witness your vengeance	The word “vengeance” here can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “I will watch you take revenge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	11	21	xz1z	translate-names		0	Anathoth	This is the name of a special city where priests live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	11	21	jh6a	figs-metaphor		0	seeking your life	This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. Alternate translation: “wanting to kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	11	21	m8v8			0	They say	“They say to me.” The men are speaking to Jeremiah.
JER	11	21	g4k7	figs-synecdoche		0	you will die by our hand	Here the men refer to their “hand” to emphasize that they plan to kill him themselves. Alternate translation: “we ourselves will kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	11	22	d5xb			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	11	22	y5mj			0	See	This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
JER	11	22	kn5i			0	vigorous young men	men at the strongest time of their lives
JER	11	22	hgu8	figs-metonymy		0	will die by the sword	Here the “sword” represents battle. Alternate translation: “will die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	11	23	k7a8	figs-activepassive		0	None of them will be left	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will leave none of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	11	23	wlv1	figs-idiom		0	a year of their punishment	The word “year” here is a idiom that describes a specific period of time that Yahweh decides. Alternate translation: “in the time of their punishment” or “for the time of their punishment is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	12	intro	mtm9			0		# Jeremiah 12 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 12:1-13.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jeremiah complains that evil men prosper<br><br>Jeremiah complains that evil men prosper. He questions Yahweh’s justice. Yahweh’s response: if Jeremiah is upset by the people of Anathoth, how will he face enemies in Jerusalem? (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>### Yahweh’s grace to the other nations<br><br>Yahweh gives a gracious offer to the Gentile nations. If the other nations who have been against Judah leave their idols and worship God, then God will allow them to return to their lands. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]])
JER	12	1	h7ur			0	General Information:	Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh.
JER	12	1	v383	figs-nominaladj		0	the wicked	This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER	12	2	xd5m	figs-metaphor		0	You planted them and they took root. They continue to produce fruit	Here Jeremiah speaks of the wicked as if they were fruit trees. Alternate translation: “They are like fruit trees that you planted, that you allow to prosper and to produce lots of fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	12	2	bj22	figs-metonymy		0	You are near to them in their mouths, but far away from their hearts	Here “mouths” represents what a person says. And, “hearts” represents what a person thinks or feels. Also, being loyal is spoken of as if it were being near a person, and being disloyal is spoken of as if it were being far away from a person. Alternate translation: “They always say good things about you, but they do not love or respect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	12	3	kt44	figs-metonymy		0	my heart	Here the “heart” represents a person’s thoughts and true feelings. Alternate translation: “my thoughts” or “my inner feelings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	12	3	p1lp	figs-metaphor		0	Take them away like sheep to the slaughter	Here Jeremiah asks Yahweh to prepare to punish the wicked as if they were sheep to be taken away to be slaughtered. Alternate translation: “Take the wicked people away, like sheep for slaughter” or “Prepare to punish those wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	12	3	jep3			0	the day of slaughter	Alternate translation: “the day they will be destroyed”
JER	12	4	gvz5			0	How long will the land go on drying up … because of the wickedness of its inhabitants?	Their land is dry and rain has not come as punishment for the peoples’ wickedness.
JER	12	4	bea9			0	wither	dry up
JER	12	4	lm57	figs-activepassive		0	The animals and the birds have been taken away	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The animals and the birds are gone” or “The animals and the birds have all died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	12	4	a1hp			0	God will not see what happens to us	This could mean: (1) The people are saying that God does not know what things will happen to them in their future or (2) God is unaware of their sin. Alternate translation: “God does not see the sinful things that we do”
JER	12	5	hax2	figs-rquestion		0	how can you compete against horses?	This rhetorical question implies that he would not be able to run with horses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will never compete well against horses.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	12	5	e5b2	figs-ellipsis		0	If you fall down	This refers to while the person is running. Alternate translation: “If you fall down while running” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	12	5	km32			0	the safe countryside	This refers to the open countryside, where it is easy to travel quickly, in contrast to the overgrown thickets along the Jordan River, where it is difficult to move.
JER	12	5	rki9	figs-rquestion		0	how will you do in the thickets along the Jordan?	This rhetorical question implies that he would not be able to run through the thickets along the Jordan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will surely not be able to run in the thickets along the Jordan.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	12	5	c56k			0	thickets	many bushes or small trees growing close together
JER	12	6	g1pt			0	denounced	to have accused someone publicly
JER	12	7	js9l	figs-parallelism		0	I have abandoned my house; I have forsaken my inheritance. I have given my beloved into the hands of her enemies.	These three sentences have similar meanings. The first and second one strengthens the thought in the third. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	12	7	v9at	figs-metaphor		0	I have abandoned my house; I have forsaken my inheritance	The two phrases are metaphors in which Yahweh speaks of his people as if they were his “house” and his “inheritance.” Alternate translation: “I have abandoned my Israelite people, the people whom I chose to belong to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	12	7	v6xh	figs-metonymy		0	into the hands of her enemies	Here the word “hands” represents control. Alternate translation: “to be conquered by her enemies” or “over to the control of her enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	12	7	ra61	figs-personification		0	of her	Here Yahweh refers to his people as a female by using a feminine pronoun. Alternate translation: “of their” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	12	8	n59e			0	she sets herself against me with her own voice	This continues to speaks of Yahweh’s people as a lion. This speaks of the people showing they are against him as if they were roaring at him. Alternate translation: “it is like she roars at me to defy me”
JER	12	8	ik2q	figs-personification		0	she sets herself … with her … hate her	Here Yahweh refers to his people as a female by using feminine pronouns. Alternate translation: “they set themselves … with their … hate them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	12	9	m995	figs-rquestion		0	Has not my prized possession become a speckled bird, that other birds of prey go against her all around?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that his people are surrounded by their enemies. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “My prized possession has become a speckled bird and other birds of prey go against her all around.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	12	9	j8nr	figs-explicit		0	Has not my prized possession	Here Yahweh speaks of his people as his “prized possession.” Alternate translation: “Have not my people, who are my prized possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	12	9	rn3n	figs-metaphor		0	become a speckled bird, that other birds of prey go against her all around	Here Yahweh speaks of his people being in danger and surrounded by their enemies as if they were a speckled bird surrounded by birds of prey. Alternate translation: “become like a speckled bird, and her enemies are like birds of prey attacking her on all sides” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	12	9	q57h			0	a speckled bird	“a strange looking bird.” This refers to a bird that was often picked on and eaten by other birds.
JER	12	9	l3t3			0	birds of prey	birds that attack and eat animals
JER	12	9	idp1	figs-apostrophe		0	Go and gather all the wild beasts and bring them to devour her	Yahweh speaks here in the form of a command to strengthen what he says. This command is not directed to a specific person and may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Let all the wild beasts in the fields come and eat her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER	12	10	jl5k	figs-metaphor		0	Many shepherds have destroyed my vineyard	Here Yahweh speaks of his land and his people being destroyed by armies as if they were a vineyard that shepherds had destroyed. Alternate translation: “My people and my land are like a vineyard that many shepherds have destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	12	10	nw8j	figs-metonymy		0	Many shepherds have destroyed	Here the word “shepherds” refers to their sheep. Alternate translation: “Many shepherds have allowed their sheep to destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	12	10	dr86			0	They have stomped all over	Alternate translation: “They have crushed under their feet”
JER	12	10	d5c7			0	my portion of land	Alternate translation: “the ground I planted” or “my field”
JER	12	11	ry1p	figs-activepassive		0	All the land has been made desolate	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “All the land is desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	12	11	z4k3	figs-idiom		0	takes it to heart	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cares” or “pays any attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	12	12	uwl3			0	Destroyers have come	Alternate translation: “Destroying armies have come”
JER	12	12	rbb1			0	bare places in the wilderness	Alternate translation: “places in the wilderness where nothing grows”
JER	12	12	s2mb	figs-metaphor		0	for Yahweh’s sword is devouring	Here Yahweh speaks of the armies that he is using to punish his people as being his “sword.” His”sword” is described here as if it were a large animal that attacked and devoured the people. Alternate translation: “for the armies are my sword that I am using to punish you” or “for I am sending the destroying armies to attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	12	12	c8pt			0	from one end of the land to the other	This refers to the whole land that belongs to his people.
JER	12	13	du4i			0	They have sown wheat but harvest thornbushes	Alternate translation: “They have sown wheat, but there is nothing to harvest but thornbushes”
JER	12	13	k4yk			0	They have	Alternate translation: “My people have”
JER	12	13	c3di			0	thornbushes	a large plant that is covered in sharp points
JER	12	13	jez5			0	exhausted	unable to do more, without any more strength
JER	12	13	fby2			0	So be ashamed of your gain because of Yahweh’s anger	“So be ashamed of your tiny harvest because Yahweh is angry with you.” Here the word “gain” does not mean a large amount of something, but refers to a small amount.
JER	12	14	w8dl			0	strike at the possession	Alternate translation: “have been trying to take away the land”
JER	12	14	c7h3			0	made my people Israel inherit	Alternate translation: “gave my people Israel as an inheritance”
JER	12	14	e4jf			0	See	This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER	12	14	b371	figs-metaphor		0	to uproot them from their own ground	God speaks of forcing the people to leave their land as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. See how you translated this concept in [Jeremiah 1:10](../01/10.md). Alternate translation: “to make them leave their own land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	12	14	sv7x	figs-metaphor		0	I will pull up the house of Judah from among them	Here Yahweh speaks of causing the people of Judah to leave the lands of the other nations as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. Alternate translation: “I will cause the house of Judah to leave their lands as well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	12	14	ylh4			0	pull up	Alternate translation: “uproot”
JER	12	14	t297	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	12	15	i4tb	figs-metaphor		0	I uproot those nations	God speaks of forcing the people to leave their land as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. Alternate translation: “I make those nations leave their lands and move to different places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	12	16	f6ti			0	General Information:	God’s word about Judah’s neighbors.
JER	12	16	i1wv			0	It will come about that	Alternate translation: “It will happen that”
JER	12	16	j3ji	figs-idiom		0	As Yahweh lives	“As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Swearing in Yahweh’s name instead of in Baal’s name indicates that they worship Yahweh instead of Baal. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	12	16	uph7	figs-metaphor		0	they will be built up in the midst of my people	This speaks of the people becoming prosperous as if they were a building that was being built. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will build them up in the midst of my people” or “I will make them wealthy and they will live among my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	12	16	pe5g			0	midst	middle
JER	12	17	w4yd	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	13	intro	ky38			0		# Jeremiah 13 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 13:15-27.<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Symbolism<br><br>The action of hiding the undergarment was intended to be a symbolic event. It was supposed to get the Jews’ attention and be a lesson for them to learn. Jeremiah performed the action, but it was not the action itself that was important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	13	1	yq1d			0	linen	a type of very fine cloth
JER	13	1	puq2			0	undergarment	clothing that people wear under their clothes; underwear
JER	13	1	d4jw			0	waist	the middle part of the body, usually the narrowest, between the hips and chest
JER	13	1	kf2e			0	do not put it in water first	Alternate translation: “do not wash it or get it wet”
JER	13	3	z13h	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to me a second time, saying,	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message a second time. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this second message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	13	4	b7b3			0	rock crevice	a space between rocks or a crack in a rock, big enough to put something into it
JER	13	8	wf3x	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to me, saying,	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	13	9	a1zp	figs-metonymy		0	of Judah and Jerusalem	Here Judah and Jerusalem refer to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “of the people of Judah and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	13	10	j3d9			0	to listen to my word	Alternate translation: “to obey what I say”
JER	13	10	rn4k	figs-idiom		0	who walk in the hardness of their heart	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “who are stubborn and only do the things they desire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	13	11	z1xb			0	clings to … cling to me	Alternate translation: “sticks to … stick to me” or “stays close to … stay close to me”
JER	13	11	t4mp			0	all the house of … all the house of	Alternate translation: “all the people of … all the people of”
JER	13	11	uak7	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	13	11	h7ch	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	13	11	b9j5	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	13	12	sbk9	figs-activepassive		0	Every jar will be filled with wine … every jar will be filled with wine	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Every wineskin should be full of wine … every wineskin should be full of wine” or “Every wine jar should be full of wine … every wine jar should be full of wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	13	13	bv6t			0	See	This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER	13	13	g8y3			0	fill with drunkenness every inhabitant of this land	Alternate translation: “cause all the people of this land to be drunk”
JER	13	13	e418	figs-metonymy		0	the kings who sit on David’s throne	Here the throne that the king of Judah sits on is represented as “David’s throne.” Alternate translation: “the kings who sit on Judah’s throne” or “the kings of the nation of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	13	14	e1iz	figs-gendernotations		0	smash each man against the other, fathers and children together	Here the words “each man” refer to both men and women. Alternate translation: “Then I will cause the people to fight with each other, even parents and children will fight one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
JER	13	14	g1jc	figs-ellipsis		0	fathers and children together	The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “I will smash fathers and children together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	13	14	kq6a	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	13	14	n1g8			0	I will not pity	Alternate translation: “I will not feel sorry for”
JER	13	14	p3a5			0	will not spare them from destruction	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will allow them to be destroyed”
JER	13	15	d8mp			0	arrogant	falsely believing oneself to be important
JER	13	16	wwm1			0	he brings darkness	Here trouble and despair are spoken of as if they were “darkness.” Alternate translation: “he brings trouble and despair” or “he cause great troubles to come”
JER	13	16	f21v	figs-synecdoche		0	before he causes your feet to stumble	Here a person is referred to by his “feet” to emphasize that he is walking. Alternate translation: “before he causes you to trip and fall as you walk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	13	16	nkc1			0	twilight	early morning or evening when it is partially dark, when the sun is beginning to rise or when the sun is almost set
JER	13	16	lg6k	figs-metaphor		0	For you are hoping for light, but he will turn the place into a deep darkness, into a dark cloud	This speaks of goodness and blessings as “light” and of trouble and despair as “darkness.” Alternate translation: “For you were hoping for light and blessings, but Yahweh will give you darkness and great despair--you will feel like you are surrounded by a dark cloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	13	17	k2pj	figs-activepassive		0	for Yahweh’s flock has been taken captive	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for enemies have captured Yahweh’s flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	13	17	j4z9	figs-metaphor		0	for Yahweh’s flock has been taken captive	Here Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh’s people as Yahweh’s “flock” because he cares for them like a shepherd cares for his sheep. This event has not happened yet, but it is written here as if it already has. This can be written in future tense. Alternate translation: “for you who are Yahweh’s flock, your enemies will soon capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JER	13	18	f5bj			0	General Information:	Yahweh is continuing to talk to Jeremiah. He is telling Jeremiah what to say to the king of Judah and the king’s mother.
JER	13	18	ihz2			0	queen mother	the mother of the king
JER	13	18	i8em	translate-symaction		0	for your splendid crowns have fallen from your heads	A king and queen mother wear crowns to represent their royal positions as the king and queen mother. Also, this event has not happened yet, but it is written here as if it already has. This can be written in future tense. Alternate translation: “for you will no longer be the king and queen mother, for your crowns, your pride and glory, will fall off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JER	13	19	jw8r	figs-explicit		0	The cities in the Negev will be shut up, with no one to open them	This means that the cities will be surrounded by their enemies, who will not allow anyone to go in or come out of the cities. Alternate translation: “The cities in the Negev will be shut up, and no one will be able to go into them or come out of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	13	19	r9z3	figs-activepassive		0	The cities in the Negev will be shut up	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will shut the cities in the Negev up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	13	19	hr6g	figs-metonymy		0	All Judah will be taken captive, completely taken captive	Here “Judah” represents the people who live there. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemies will take all of the people of Judah captive into exile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	13	20	qx4s			0	General Information:	Yahweh is talking to the people of Jerusalem.
JER	13	20	s5yj	figs-idiom		0	Lift up your eyes and look at the ones coming from the north	Here the word “look” is an idiom that means to pay attention and be aware of what is happening. Also, “Lift up your eyes” represents looking at something. Alternate translation: “Pay attention and be aware of the ones coming from the north” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	13	20	ve51	figs-explicit		0	the ones coming from the north	This refers an enemy army that will come from the north. Alternate translation: “the enemy army coming from the north” or “the enemy army marching from the north” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	13	20	iny8	figs-rquestion		0	Where is the flock he gave to you, the flock that was so beautiful to you?	This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that the people of Judah will be captured by the enemy armies. This question is asked as if the people of Judah had already been captured even though this has not yet happened. The question can be written as a statement and in future tense. Alternate translation: “I gave you the people of Judah to care for, like a beautiful flock of sheep, but the enemy army will capture them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JER	13	20	e5mm	figs-metaphor		0	the flock	This speaks of the people of Judah as a “flock” of sheep to emphasize that the leaders of Judah were supposed to care for them and look after them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	13	21	t9l3	figs-rquestion		0	What will you say when God sets over you those you had trained to be your special allies?	This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that the people who Judah’s leaders thought they were at peace with will conquer them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “The people you thought were your friends will conquer you and rule over you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	13	21	br9q	figs-rquestion		0	Are these not the beginnings of the labor pains that will seize you just like a woman in childbirth?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to tell the people that their capture is just the beginning of the suffering they will go through. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “These things that you will suffer are like the beginning of the labor pains of a woman in childbirth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	13	22	i8we	figs-euphemism		0	that your skirts are raised up and you have been violated	This means that the enemy soldiers will rape the Judean women. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the enemy soldiers will lift up the skirts of your women and rape them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	13	23	wyf8	figs-rquestion		0	Can the people of Cush change their skin color, or a leopard change its spots?	This rhetorical question is used to state an example of something that is impossible. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Also, the understood verb “can” maybe be supplied in the second phrase. Alternate translation: “The people of Cush cannot change their skin color and a leopard cannot change its spots.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	13	23	m8ie	figs-irony		0	If so, then you yourself, although accustomed to wickedness, would be able to do good	This statement is ironic because the examples about the Cushite and the leopard are impossible situations. This states that if those impossible things could happen then they could do good. Alternate translation: “Just like these things are impossible, so it is also impossible for you who always do evil to do good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER	13	24	rw5p	figs-simile		0	I will scatter them like chaff that perishes in the desert wind	“I will scatter them like chaff that is blown away by the wind.” Yahweh is saying He will scatter His people throughout the world just as chaff is scattered by the wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	13	26	pid5	figs-metaphor		0	I myself will strip your skirts off you, and your private parts will be seen.	This means that Yahweh will make them feel ashamed. It does not in any way mean that he will rape them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It is as though I myself will strip your skirts off of you so that everyone will see your private parts and you will be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	13	27	r896	figs-metaphor		0	neighing	This is the sound of a male horse desiring a female horse. Alternate translation: “lusting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	14	intro	pqn1			0		# Jeremiah 14 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:1-10, 17-22.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### False prophets<br><br>The false prophets promised there would not be any war or drought. They gave people a false sense of hope, when they needed to repent. Because of this, Yahweh sent a drought and said that the false prophets would die of drought and war. This showed that these were not true prophets of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
JER	14	1	dvb6			0	General Information:	Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has just talked about the adultery of the people.
JER	14	1	c8lt	figs-idiom		0	This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	14	2	cn9g	figs-metonymy		0	Let Judah mourn	Here “Judah” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “Let the people of Judah mourn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	14	2	zct6	figs-synecdoche		0	let her gates fall apart	Here the word “gates,” which keep enemies out of cities and where people conduct business and government, is a synecdoche for Judah’s cities, and Judah’s cities are a metonym for the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “let her cities fall apart” or “let the people in her cities become unable to defend themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	14	2	twu5			0	fall apart	Alternate translation: “fall into pieces”
JER	14	2	qu68	figs-idiom		0	their cries for Jerusalem are going up	The phrase “going up” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “They are calling out loudly in prayer for Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	14	3	v2l2			0	Their mighty ones	Alternate translation: “The rich people”
JER	14	3	z6ul	figs-doublet		0	ashamed and dishonored	Both of these words have similar meaning and together emphasize that the servants were ashamed that they were unable to get water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	14	3	drx3	translate-symaction		0	they cover their heads	In biblical times, people would wear a headcovering to show that they were ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER	14	4	l4rv			0	General Information:	Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has continued to tell the people about the drought.
JER	14	4	je8k	translate-symaction		0	The plowmen are ashamed and cover their heads	In biblical times, people would wear a headcovering to show that they were ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER	14	5	yca3	figs-parallelism		0	the doe leaves her young in the fields and abandons them	These two phrase have the same meaning and emphasize that the doe leaves her young deer because she cannot provide for them. A doe is a female deer. Alternate translation: “the deer leaves her young in the field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	14	5	q5hd	figs-explicit		0	for there is no grass	This means that there is no grass for the deer to eat. Alternate translation: “for there is no grass for them to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	14	6	rv34	figs-simile		0	they pant in the wind like jackals	This speaks of the donkeys panting because they are thirsty by saying that they pant like jackals. Jackals are fiece wild dog which pant a lot. Alternate translation: “they pant in the wind like thirsty jackals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	14	6	sa12			0	Their eyes fail to work, for there is no vegetation	Alternate translation: “They become blind because there is no grass to eat”
JER	14	7	u1uz			0	General Information:	Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has just told the people about the drought.
JER	14	7	a7md	figs-personification		0	our iniquities testify against us	Here their “iniquities” are spoken of as if they were people who testified against them about their wrong doing. Alternate translation: “our iniquities give evidence of our wrongdoing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	14	7	hdk6	figs-metonymy		0	for the sake of your name	Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to his reputation. Alternate translation: “for the sake of your reputation” or “in order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	14	8	t2bf	figs-explicit		0	Hope of Israel	This is another name for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “You are the hope of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	14	8	pi7p	figs-parallelism		0	why will you be like a stranger in the land, like a foreign wanderer who stretches out and spends just one night?	The people are asking if Yahweh is unconcerned with his people and unable to help them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you should not be like a stranger in the land, like a foreign wanderer who stretches out and spends just one night.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	14	8	m5rq	figs-simile		0	why will you be like a stranger in the land, like a foreign wanderer … just one night	This question speaks of the possibility of Yahweh being unconcerned with helping his people as if he were a stranger just travelling though a place unconcerned with those living there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	14	9	i24n	figs-simile		0	Why are you like someone who is astounded, or like a warrior who has no power to rescue?	This speaks of the possibility of Yahweh being unable to help his people as if he were a confused warrior who was unable to rescue anyone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do nothing to help us, like someone who is astounded or like a warrior who has no power to rescue us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	14	9	np92			0	astounded	unable to understand or to think clearly
JER	14	9	s46u	figs-activepassive		0	your name is called over us	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This speaks of the people being Yahweh’s people by saying that his name is over them. Alternate translation: “we bear your name” or “we are your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	14	10	jb8u			0	General Information:	Jeremiah has been praying and asking Yahweh not to leave them alone.
JER	14	10	u7uz	figs-metaphor		0	they love to wander	“they love to wander away from me.” This speaks of people being unfaithful to Yahweh and not obey him as if they had wandered from the place where he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	14	10	x599	figs-synecdoche		0	have not held back their feet	Here the people are referred to by their “feet” to emphasize their walking away from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “have not kept themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	14	10	t4hn	figs-idiom		0	calls to mind	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remembers” or “recalls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	14	11	i69u			0	on behalf of	Alternate translation: “to assist” or “to help”
JER	14	12	a2l9			0	wailing	loudly crying because of sorrow
JER	14	12	vgw6	figs-euphemism		0	I will put an end to them	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER	14	12	c1vk	figs-metonymy		0	by sword	Here war is represented by the “sword” which was the common weapon used in battle. Alternate translation: “by war” or “by battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	14	13	xfr8			0	General Information:	Yahweh has just told Jeremiah not to pray for the people of Judah.
JER	14	13	l6t3	figs-metonymy		0	You will not see the sword	Here “sword” represents war, and to “see” represents experiencing. Alternate translation: “You will not experience any war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	14	13	sd1w	figs-metaphor		0	I will give you true security	Here “security” is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could give to another person. Alternate translation: “I will allow you to live securely” or “I will allow you to live peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	14	14	jsc3	figs-abstractnouns		0	prophesy deceit	The word “deceit” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “prophesy deceitfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	14	14	xd4x	figs-metonymy		0	in my name	This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	14	14	jv6e	figs-explicit		0	I did not send them out	This means that Yahweh did not send them out with messages to give to the people. Alternate translation: “I did not send them to prophesy to other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	14	14	t2xs	figs-metaphor		0	coming from their own minds	Here “minds” are spoken of as if they were a place instead of the ability to think of ideas. Alternate translation: “that they think up themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	14	15	p8k9			0	General Information:	Jeremiah has just been talking to Yahweh about the things the false prophets have been prophesying.
JER	14	15	kl3i	figs-metonymy		0	in my name	This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:14](../14/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	14	15	q47z	figs-metonymy		0	there will be no sword … perish by sword	Here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “there will be no war … perish by war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	14	16	yx8a	figs-metonymy		0	famine and sword	Here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “famine and war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	14	16	ex5f	figs-activepassive		0	Then the people to whom they prophesied will be thrown out in the streets of Jerusalem because of famine and sword	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This means that whole families will die and people will throw their bodies into the streets instead of burying them. Alternate translation: “Then the people to whom they prophesied will die by famine and sword and people will throw their bodies into the streets of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	14	16	vjb4			0	their wives, their sons, or their daughters	This describes who is referred to by the word “them,” that is, everyone who died by famine and sword.
JER	14	16	wam5	figs-metaphor		0	I will pour out their wickedness on them	Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people in accordance to their wicknedness as if their own wickedness were a liquid that he would pour upon them. Alternate translation: “I will punish them like they deserve to be punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	14	17	m8yd	figs-merism		0	night and day	Here two opposite times of the day are given to mean all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time, both night and day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER	14	17	v4hr			0	incurable wound	a cut or break in skin that cannot be cured
JER	14	18	kwc2	figs-activepassive		0	who were killed by the sword	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Also, here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “who died by the sword” or “who died in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	14	18	xa86	figs-metonymy		0	there are the diseases that are caused by famine	Here the “diseases” represent the people who have these diseases because of their starvation. Alternate translation: “there are the ones who are sick because of famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	14	18	uax5			0	wander	move around without purpose
JER	14	18	nrq3	figs-explicit		0	they do not know	It may be helpful to state what they do not know. Alternate translation: “they do not know what they are doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	14	19	bxi3	figs-ellipsis		0	for a time of healing	The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “we hoped for a time of healing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	14	20	z8n3			0	We admit, Yahweh, our offenses, the iniquity of our ancestors	Alternate translation: “Yahweh, we admit our wicked offenses and our ancestors’ iniquity”
JER	14	21	ur4i	figs-metonymy		0	For the sake of your name	Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to his reputation. Alternate translation: “For the sake of your reputation” or “In order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	14	21	h4sh	figs-metonymy		0	your glorious throne	Yahweh’s “throne” is represented by Zion, that is Jerusalem. His “throne” also represents the place where he rules as king. Alternate translation: “do disgrace Zion where you glorious throne is” or “do not disgrace Zion, where you rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	14	22	my15			0	can the skies themselves send down showers	Alternate translation: “Can the skies decide when they make the rain to fall?”
JER	15	intro	ebq4			0		# Jeremiah 15 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:2, 5-21.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Do not pray for the people<br><br>God told Jeremiah not to pray for the people because God was punishing them. This was meant to be an illustration for Jeremiah. Jeremiah was not to pray because the punishment was already determined. Yahweh also explains that even the great Moses could not help the sinful Jews. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Yahweh uses Gentile nations<br>Yahweh is going to use the Gentile nations to punish Judah. This would have been very offensive to the Jews. They would have also been surprised to learn that Yahweh was using the Gentile nations to punish his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	15	1	w1rn			0	General Information:	Jeremiah has just been praying to Yahweh.
JER	15	1	az7b	figs-explicit		0	were standing in front of me, I would still not be in favor of this people	This implies that they are pleading for Yahweh to spare the people. Alternate translation: “were standing in front of me pleading for these people, I would still not be in favor of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	15	1	g56c	figs-parallelism		0	Send them out from before me, for them to go away	Yahweh repeats this idea of sending away his people to add emphasis to it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	15	2	i7zf			0	Those who are for	Alternate translation: “Those whom I have appointed to go to”
JER	15	2	a7na	figs-metaphor		0	should go to death	This speaks of dying as if death were a place that people can go to. Alternate translation: “should die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	15	2	qrc1	figs-metonymy		0	those who are for the sword should go to the sword	Here the “sword” represents war. To be “for the sword” means that God has appointed them to die in war. Alternate translation: “those whom I have appointed to die in war should go to die in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	15	2	s5vx	figs-metaphor		0	Those who are for famine should go to famine	This means that Yahweh has appointed these to die because of famine, and these words speak of dying by famine as if “famine” were a place that people can go to. Alternate translation: “Those whom I have appointed to die by famine should go and die by famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	15	2	ub7g			0	should go to captivity	Alternate translation: “should go into captivity”
JER	15	3	xfn3			0	General Information:	Yahweh has just told them he will send some of them to death, some to die by the sword, some to die by famine, and some to be captives.
JER	15	3	b44y	figs-metonymy		0	the sword	Here the “sword” refers to the enemy soldiers. Alternate translation: “the enemy soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	15	4	etb6			0	I will make of them	Here the word “them” refers to the people of Judah, not to the four groups listed in the previous verse.
JER	15	4	g2xb	figs-explicit		0	because of what Manasseh … did in Jerusalem	Manasseh was a very wicked king who did many evil things in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “because of the wicked things that Manasseh … did in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	15	5	sb18			0	General Information:	Yahweh has just told them he will assign them to four groups to kill them—the sword, dogs, birds, and beasts.
JER	15	5	lb4g	figs-rquestion		0	For who will have compassion for you, Jerusalem? Who will grieve for you?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one should mourn for Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one should have compassion on you, Jerusalem. No one should mourn for your destruction.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	15	5	wfj2	figs-metonymy		0	for you, Jerusalem	Here “Jerusalem” refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “for you people who live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	15	6	es4m	figs-parallelism		0	You have forsaken me … you have gone back from me	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people have, indeed, forsaken Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	15	6	w5w5	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	15	6	hk2v			0	gone back from me	Alternate translation: “left me” or “gone away from me”
JER	15	6	ub2d	figs-metonymy		0	I will strike you with my hand	Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “I will use my power to strike you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	15	7	xa8z	figs-metaphor		0	So I will winnow them with a pitchfork at the gates of the land	Here Yahweh speaks of scattering the people and causing them to leave Jersalem as if they were winnowed chaff being blown away on the wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	15	7	i5zm			0	pitchfork	a farm tool with a long handle and sharp metal prongs, used especially for lifting and tossing grain in the air for winnowing
JER	15	7	tdb1			0	I will bereave them	Alternate translation: “I will cause their children to die” or “I will let their enemies kill their children”
JER	15	8	lzr4			0	General Information:	Yahweh has just told them no one will care about them and that he will destroy his people since they would not turn from their wicked ways.
JER	15	8	pg9y			0	widows	women whose husbands have died
JER	15	8	zf6z	figs-hyperbole		0	more than the sands of the seashore	“than the grains of sand on the seashore.” This comparison is an exaggeration used to emphasize an uncountable number. Alternate translation: “more than you can count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER	15	8	xv7a	figs-explicit		0	Against the mothers of young men I will send the destroyer at noonday	This means that Yahweh will send an enemy army to kill young men, which will cause their mothers great sorrow. Alternate translation: “At noonday I will send an enemy army to destroy young men and cause their mothers to weep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	15	8	rv53	figs-idiom		0	fall on them	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “happen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	15	9	ab1l	figs-doublet		0	She will be ashamed and embarrassed	The words “ashamed” and “embarrassed” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of shame. Alternate translation: “She will be completely ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	15	9	ysv5	figs-idiom		0	will waste away	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will grow faint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	15	9	syp4	figs-metaphor		0	Her sun will set while it is still day	This speaks of a woman becoming sorrowful because her children have died, as if her life were a day in which the sun had set early and turned to darkness. Here the darkness represents her sorrow. Alternate translation: “Because of her sorrow, it will be as though the sun has set and her day has turned to darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	15	9	e2fw	figs-metonymy		0	I will give those who remain to the sword in the presence of their enemies	Here the “sword” represents the enemy soldiers. This means that Yahweh will allow the enemy solider to kill any of her children that remain. Alternate translation: “I will allow the enemy soldiers to kill those of her children that remain alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	15	9	yh62	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	15	10	tf3x			0	General Information:	In these verse, Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh about his suffering, and Yahweh answers him.
JER	15	10	bwu4	figs-apostrophe		0	Woe to me, my mother	Jeremiah pretends to speak to his mother as a way to emphasize how sad he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER	15	10	z3f7	figs-doublet		0	a man of controversy and argument	The words “controversy” and “argument” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize how much Jeremiah is arguing. Alternate translation: “a man with whom everyone argues all the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	15	10	pi56	figs-explicit		0	I have not lent, nor has anyone lent to me	This refers to lending money to people. Often lending money causes people to fight with one another. Alternate translation: “I have not lent money to anyone, nor has anyone lent money to me” or “I have not made anyone angry by lending or borrow money and then quarreling about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	15	11	jwd5	figs-rquestion		0	Will I not rescue you for good?	The implicit answer to this rhetorical question is “yes.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will certainly rescue you for good!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	15	11	hg1a			0	your enemies	Those are the enemies of Jeremiah who disagreed with his prophecies.
JER	15	11	t2nb	figs-doublet		0	in the time of calamity and distress	Here the words “calamity” and “distress” mean basically the same thing. They emphasize the amount or intensity of the calamity. Alternate translation: “in the time of great calamity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	15	12	gp33	figs-rquestion		0	Can one smash iron? Especially iron from the north that is mixed with bronze?	In these questions Yahweh speaks of the strength of Judah’s enemies as if they were iron mixed with bronze. These rhetorical questions can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can smash iron, especially if it is as strong as the iron from the north that is mixed with bronze.” or “But Judah’s enemies, who are as strong as iron or bronze, will attack Judah from the north, no one will be able to stop them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	15	13	m4cc			0	General Information:	In these verse, Yahweh speaks to the nation of Israel as if it were one person.
JER	15	13	r9fq	figs-doublet		0	wealth and treasures	The words “wealth” and “treasures” mean the same thing and refer to anything that people consider to be valuable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	15	13	cy1n			0	plunder	things that you steal from a city after conquering it
JER	15	13	c2bt	figs-activepassive		0	all your sins committed	This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “all of the sins you have committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	15	13	dzj5			0	within all your borders	Alternate translation: “throughout your country”
JER	15	14	e1nj			0	a land that you do not know	Alternate translation: “to a land that is strange to you”
JER	15	14	p77q	figs-metaphor		0	for a fire will ignite, kindled in my wrath against you	The wrath of God is spoken of as if it were a destructive fire. Alternate translation: “I will destroy you because I am very angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	15	14	y1s1	figs-metaphor		0	for a fire will ignite, kindled in my wrath against you	Here Yahweh speaks of his wrath as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: “for my wrath is like a fire that I will kindle against you” or “for I will come against you in my wrath, and my wrath will be like a burning fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	15	14	ap1i			0	kindled	to light a fire
JER	15	15	mlt5			0	General Information:	Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh.
JER	15	15	lk6p	figs-explicit		0	You are patient, but do not allow them to take me away	Jeremiah is asking Yahweh not to be patient with the sins of his enemies. The phrase “take me away” refers to him being killed. Alternate translation: “Please do not continue to be patient with them and allow them to kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER	15	16	ds55	figs-activepassive		0	Your words have been found	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have heard your message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	15	16	a55i	figs-metaphor		0	I consumed them	Jeremiah speaks of listening and understanding Yahweh’s message as if it were food that he ate. Alternate translation: “I understood your message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	15	16	f4hq	figs-metonymy		0	the delight of my heart	Here the “heart” represents a person emotions and feelings. Alternate translation: “what I love most” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	15	16	se2v			0	I bear your name	Alternate translation: “people know that I serve you”
JER	15	17	xx62	figs-idiom		0	I did not sit in the circle of	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I did not spend time with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	15	17	lst3	figs-metaphor		0	of your powerful hand	Here Yahweh’s “powerful hand” refers to his control and influence over Jeremiah. Alternate translation: “you powerfully influence me” or “you are the one who controls what I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	15	18	xb1d	figs-rquestion		0	Why is my pain ongoing and my wound incurable, refusing to be healed?	Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to emphasize his pain. He speaks of his pain as if it were a physical wound. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “My pain is ongoing, it is like a wound that will not heal.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	15	18	f64w	figs-personification		0	refusing to be healed	This speaks of Jeremiah’s wound as if it were a person that refuses to be healed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that will not heal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	15	18	c2kw	figs-rquestion		0	Will you be like deceitful waters to me, waters that dry up?	Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he feels like he cannot depend on Yahweh. He speaks of this as if Yahweh were a stream that dries up. Alternate translation: “It feels like you are undependable to me, like a stream I go to for a drink only to find it dried up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	15	19	l1n1	figs-simile		0	you will be like my mouth	Jeremiah is compared to the mouth of Yahweh because he will be used to speak Yahweh’s message. Alternate translation: “you will speak for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	15	19	ud46	figs-rpronouns		0	you yourself	The pronoun, “yourself”, is used here to emphasis the command was specifically for Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER	15	20	gf1p	figs-simile		0	like an impenetrable bronze wall to this people	Yahweh compares Jeremiah to a wall because the people will not be able to defeat him. Alternate translation: “I will make you strong, like a bronze wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	15	20	nx8l	figs-metaphor		0	they will wage war against you	This speaks of the people fighting with Jeremiah as if he were an army that they waged war against. Alternate translation: “they will fight against you” or “they will oppose you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	15	20	z1e8	figs-doublet		0	save and rescue	The words “save” and “rescue” mean the same thing and emphasize the safety that God promises. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	15	21	bet8	figs-parallelism		0	rescue you from … and redeem you from	These phrases have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize the safety that God provides. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	15	21	z99x	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of the wicked … the hand of the tyrant	Here the word “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the control of the wicked … the control of the tyrant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	15	21	lwc5	figs-nominaladj		0	the wicked	This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER	15	21	mm5k			0	tyrant	a ruler who demands absolute obedience and is not friendly for the people under his rule
JER	16	intro	mts4			0		# Jeremiah 16 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 16:19-21. This poem also continues in chapter 17, and these should be seen as one section.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Coming punishment<br><br>The punishment that is prophesied in this chapter will happen quickly. The author gives many illustrations which describe how quickly this punishment will come. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>### Israel restored<br><br>God will bring his people back from captivity. Even though the punishment of Judah will be great, Yahweh promised a future restoration. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])
JER	16	1	iq2r	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to me, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	16	4	bdx2			0	They will die diseased deaths	Alternate translation: “They will die from deadly diseases”
JER	16	4	nm5s	figs-activepassive		0	They will not be mourned or buried	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one will mourn for them or bury them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	16	4	paq4	figs-simile		0	They will be like dung on the ground	The sons and daughters born in the land are compared to dung on the ground to emphasize that they will be disgusting and that no one will bury them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 8:2](../08/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	16	4	b995	figs-euphemism		0	they will come to an end by sword and famine	The phrase “come to an end” is a mild way to say that they will die. The word “sword” represents an army whose soldiers fight with swords. The phrase represents dying in battle. Alternate translation: “they will die in battle or from famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	16	5	irw5	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, ‘Do	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said, ‘Do” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me: ‘Do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	16	5	byl9	figs-abstractnouns		0	where there is mourning	The word “mourning” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people are mourning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	16	5	e7zp	figs-metaphor		0	I have taken away my peace from this people … and my steadfast love and mercy	Yahweh speaks of no longer acting towards the people with peace, steadfast love, and mercy as if these were items that he has taken away from them. Alternate translation: “I will no longer act towards them with peace … or with steadfast love and mercy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	16	5	fg62	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	16	6	ngj4	figs-merism		0	Both the great and the small will	This refers to all kinds of people and uses size to refer to how important they are. Alternate translation: “Both the important and the unimportant” or “Many people, regardless of how important they are, will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER	16	6	k2n5	figs-activepassive		0	They will not be buried	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one will bury them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	16	6	s8kp	translate-symaction		0	no one will … cut themselves or shave their heads for them	Cutting oneself and shaving one’s head were symbolic actions that expressed strong grief, especially when a loved one died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER	16	7	t3iq	figs-parallelism		0	No one must share any food in mourning to comfort them because of the deaths … none must give a comforting cup to his father or his mother	These two clauses have a similar meaning. God said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. It was customary to take food or wine to people whose relative had died. Yahweh has removed all comfort from the people because of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	16	7	ae18	figs-metonymy		0	none must give a comforting cup	Here the word “cup” represents the drink that the cup holds. Alternate translation: “none must give a comforting drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	16	8	rzm9			0	a banquet house	Alternate translation: “a house where people are feasting”
JER	16	9	z6t7			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	16	9	hq3r			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER	16	9	fxi9	figs-you		0	before your eyes	Here the word “your” is plural and refers to the people of Israel. The idiom means that Yahweh will do this where they can see. Alternate translation: “in front of you” or “where you can see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	16	9	b3s5	figs-idiom		0	in your days	This idiom means during their lifetime. Alternate translation: “during your lifetime” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	16	9	lki1			0	the sound of joy and the sound of gladness, the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride	See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:34](../07/34.md).
JER	16	11	fq83	figs-parallelism		0	worshiped and bowed down to them	The words “bowed down to” mean basically the same thing as “worshiped” and describe the posture that people used in worship. God said essentially the same thing twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	16	12	cu97			0	ancestors, for see, each person	Alternate translation: “ancestors. Look at these people and you will see that each person”
JER	16	12	c169	figs-metaphor		0	walking by the stubbornness of his wicked heart	Yahweh speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking along a path. Here the word “heart” represents the mind or will. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 11:8](../11/08.md). Alternate translation: “stubbornly doing the wicked things that he wants to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	16	12	qh3g			0	who listens to me	Alternate translation: “who does what I tell him to do”
JER	16	13	y41b	figs-metaphor		0	throw you from this land	Yahweh speaks of forcefully removing the people from the land as if he were throwing them from the land. Alternate translation: “force you to leave this land and go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	16	13	e16l	figs-merism		0	by day and night	The mention of both “day” and “night” means all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “continually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER	16	14	em2d			0	behold	The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
JER	16	14	l615	figs-activepassive		0	when it will no longer be said	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when people will no longer say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	16	14	xr81	figs-idiom		0	As Yahweh lives	“As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	16	16	mt7v	figs-metaphor		0	I will send for many fishermen … so they will fish the people out	Yahweh speaks of enemy armies who will attack and kill the people as if they were fishermen who are catching fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	16	16	mx2n	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	16	16	y22w	figs-metaphor		0	I will send for many hunters so they will hunt for them among	Yahweh speaks of enemy armies who will attack and kill the people as if they were hunters who are hunting animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	16	17	l1xj	figs-synecdoche		0	my eye is on all their ways	Here the word “eye” represents Yahweh who sees all that they do. Alternate translation: “I am watching everything they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	16	17	c7ju	figs-activepassive		0	they cannot be hidden from before me	Here the word “they” may refer either to the people or to their actions. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they cannot hide from me” or “they cannot hide their ways from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	16	17	f9r8	figs-synecdoche		0	Their iniquity cannot be concealed from before my eyes	Here the word “eyes” represents Yahweh who sees. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They cannot conceal their iniquity from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	16	18	tpe4	figs-metaphor		0	for their polluting of my land	Yahweh speaks of causing the land to be unacceptable to him as if the people had polluted the land. The words “their polluting” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because they have polluted my land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	16	18	sq29	figs-idiom		0	for their filling my inheritance with their disgusting idols	The idiom “to fill” means that they have placed many idols in the land. The words “their filling” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because they have filled my inheritance with their disgusting idols” or “because their disgusting idols are everywhere in my inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	16	18	wkp2	figs-metaphor		0	my inheritance	Yahweh speaks of the land as if it were his inheritance that he has claimed as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “the land that is my inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	16	19	rt34			0	Yahweh, you are my stronghold	Here Jeremiah begins speaking to Yahweh.
JER	16	19	y75t	figs-metaphor		0	my stronghold and my refuge, my place of safety	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as a place where enemies cannot attack him. He repeats the same idea three times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	16	19	x7cn	figs-metonymy		0	The nations will go to you	Here the word “nations” represents the people from the nations. Alternate translation: “The people from the nations will go to you” or “The people of the nations will come to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
JER	16	19	nk1x	figs-idiom		0	the ends of the earth	This is an idiom that means the farthest places on the earth. By referencing both ends, it refers to everywhere in between. Alternate translation: “the farthest places on the earth” or “everywhere on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER	16	19	c5xl	figs-metonymy		0	our ancestors inherited deceit	Here the word “deceit” refers to false gods. Alternate translation: “our ancestors inherited nothing but false gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	16	19	jrc3	figs-parallelism		0	They are empty; there is no profit in them	Here the words “They” and “them” refer to the false gods that the ancestors taught them to believe in. The two phrases mean basically the same thing, with the second explaining how they “are empty.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	16	20	y3fg	figs-rquestion		0	Do people make gods for themselves? But they are not gods	The people ask this rhetorical question to emphasize that people cannot make gods for themselves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “People cannot make gods for themselves. The things that they make are not gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	16	21	gwn6			0	Therefore see	“Therefore, indeed.” Here Yahweh begins speaking. The word “see” adds emphasis to what follows.
JER	16	21	fz8r			0	I will cause them to know	Here the word “them” refers to the people from the nations. Yahweh repeats this phrase for emphasis.
JER	16	21	cs55	figs-metonymy		0	my hand and my power	Here the word “hand” refers to power and authority. The two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize Yahweh’s great power. Alternate translation: “my great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	16	21	hl7n	figs-metonymy		0	they will know that Yahweh is my name	Here the word “name” refers to Yahweh’s entire person. Alternate translation: “they will know that I am Yahweh, the true God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	17	intro	l48r			0		# Jeremiah 17 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 17:1-18. This poem is a continuation of 16:19-21, and these should be seen as one section.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Trusting God or humans<br><br>Trust is an important part of this chapter. Those who trust in human wisdom will not prosper. Those who trust in God will have all of their needs met. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Simile<br><br>The person who depends on the power of other people is compared to a bush in the desert which always has to struggle for life. But the person who trusts in God is like a tree growing by a stream and has all his needs supplied. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	17	1	f2as	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	17	1	qcz2	figs-metaphor		0	The sin of Judah is written … on the horns of your altars	Yahweh speaks of Judah’s sins being so great that they cannot stop committing them as if someone had engraved their sin permanently. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	17	1	ntb1	figs-activepassive		0	The sin of Judah is written	Here the word “Judah” represents the people of Judah. This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone has written the sin of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	17	1	r9u2	figs-activepassive		0	It is engraved	This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone has engraved it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	17	1	t19m	figs-synecdoche		0	engraved on the tablet of their hearts	The sinful habits of the people are spoken of as if their sins had been engraved on their own hearts. The word “hearts” refers to the whole person: their thoughts, emotions, and actions. Alternate translation: “engraved in their very beings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	17	1	gc1k			0	on the horns of your altars	The word “horns” refers to the projections on the corners of the altars.
JER	17	3	ve7m	figs-doublet		0	your wealth and all your treasures	The words “wealth” and “treasures” mean the same thing and refer to anything that they consider valuable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	17	3	gfz3			0	plunder	This refers to things that people steal or take by force.
JER	17	4	mei2	figs-metaphor		0	You will lose the inheritance that I gave to you	Yahweh speaks of the land as if it were an inheritance that he had given to the people of Judah as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “You will lose the land that I have given to you as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	17	4	w768	figs-metaphor		0	you have ignited a fire in my wrath, which will burn forever	Yahweh speaks of the fierceness of his anger as if his anger were a fire that burns those with whom he is angry. Alternate translation: “you have made me so angry that my anger will be like a fire that will burn forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	17	5	zp54	figs-activepassive		0	The person who trusts in mankind is accursed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will curse any person who trusts in mankind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	17	5	sd5y	figs-metonymy		0	he makes flesh his strength	Here the word “flesh” represents humans. Alternate translation: “he depends on mere humans for strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	17	5	f1ec	figs-metonymy		0	turns his heart away from Yahweh	Here the word “heart” refers to the thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “turns his devotion away from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	17	6	wqm5	figs-simile		0	like a small bush	The person who trusts in man instead of Yahweh will be like a plant that struggles to survive in an infertile land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	17	6	d8k3	figs-doublet		0	the wilderness, barren land without inhabitants	The phrase “barren land without inhabitants” describes and means basically the same thing as “wilderness.” Alternate translation: “the barren wilderness where no person lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	17	8	rs4s	figs-simile		0	he will be like a tree planted by water	The person who trusts in Yahweh will always prosper, just like a tree does when it is planted by a river. It is not affected when there is no rain. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will be like a tree that someone has planted by water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	17	8	pf89	figs-personification		0	It will not fear the heat when it comes … It is not anxious in a year of drought	Yahweh speaks of a tree that draws its water from a stream being unaffected by heat and drought as if the tree were unafraid of these things. Alternate translation: “The heat will not affect it when it comes … No harm is caused to it in a year of drought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	17	9	q56q	figs-metonymy		0	The heart is more deceitful	Here the word “heart” refers to the minds and thoughts of people. Alternate translation: “The human mind is more deceitful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	17	9	h5pr	figs-rquestion		0	who can understand it?	The speaker uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can understand the human heart. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one can understand it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	17	10	per1	figs-metonymy		0	who tests the hearts	Here the word “hearts” represents the emotions. Alternate translation: “who tests the emotions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	17	10	zu1h	figs-metaphor		0	according to his ways	Here a person’s behavior is spoken of as if it were the paths along which he walks. Alternate translation: “according to how he lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	17	10	hlu7	figs-metaphor		0	the fruit of his deeds	Here the results of a person’s actions are spoken of as if they were fruit. Alternate translation: “what he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	17	11	r1bc			0	A partridge hatches an egg … become rich unjustly	This analogy of a bird that hatches another bird’s eggs is meant to illustrate a rich man who makes his money by robbing others.
JER	17	11	j8my	figs-idiom		0	when half his days are over	Here the word “days” stands for someone’s entire life. Alternate translation: “when he has lived only half of his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	17	11	t4k5	figs-personification		0	those riches will abandon him	The riches are spoken of as if they were servants who would abandon their owner. Alternate translation: “he will lose his wealth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	17	11	wwb2			0	in the end	Alternate translation: “at the end of his life”
JER	17	12	c58h	figs-metaphor		0	The place of our temple is a glorious throne	Jeremiah speaks of the temple being a “glorious throne” because it is there that Yahweh dwells and rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	17	12	mmb5			0	The place of our temple	This refers to Mount Zion in Jerusalem.
JER	17	13	j27x			0	All who abandon you	Here the word “you” refers to Yahweh.
JER	17	13	tkv3	figs-activepassive		0	those in the land who turn away from you will be written in the earth	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will write in the dust those in the land who turn away from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	17	13	e5ej	figs-metaphor		0	will be written in the earth	This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people dying and being forgotten as if someone writes their names in the dust, and those names quickly disappear. Alternate translation: “will disappear like names that someone writes in the dust” or (2) the word “earth” is a metonym for the place of the dead. The phrase is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people going to the place of the dead as if someone enrolled their names in the records of those who have died. Alternate translation: “will join those in the place of the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	17	13	vf2c	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh, the fountain of living waters	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh being the source of life as if he were a fountain of living waters. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who is like a fountain of living waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	17	13	pj3q	figs-metaphor		0	the fountain of living waters	Jeremiah speaks of fresh, running water as if it were living water. Alternate translation: “the fountain of fresh, running water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	17	14	emc7	figs-activepassive		0	I will be healed … I will be rescued	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you really will have healed me … you really will have rescued me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	17	14	t5hz			0	For you are my song of praise	This could mean: (1) “For you are the one whom I praise” or (2) “For you are the reason I sing praise.”
JER	17	15	c8ap			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
JER	17	15	kn8p			0	they are saying to me	Here the word “me” refers to Jeremiah and the word “they” to his enemies.
JER	17	15	qef1	figs-rquestion		0	Where is the word of Yahweh?	The people use this question to ridicule Jeremiah because the things that he said had not yet happened. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Where are the things that Yahweh told you would happen?” or “The things that Yahweh told you would happen have not happened.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	17	15	s66x			0	Let it come	Alternate translation: “Let what Yahweh has said happen”
JER	17	16	dye9	figs-metaphor		0	I did not run from being a shepherd following you	Jeremiah speaks of leading and caring for the people as if he were a shepherd caring for sheep. He speaks of his abandoning that work as if he were running away from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	17	16	vlg8			0	I did not long for	Alternate translation: “I did not desire”
JER	17	16	m8x1	figs-synecdoche		0	the proclamations that came from my lips	Here the word “lips” represents Jeremiah who spoke. The word “proclamations” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the proclamations that I spoke” or “the things that I proclaimed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	17	16	hkb7	figs-activepassive		0	They were made	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I made them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	17	17	q4lu	figs-metaphor		0	You are my refuge	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as a place where enemies cannot attack him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	17	17	ls2i			0	on the day of calamity	Alternate translation: “in times of calamity”
JER	17	18	p168	figs-activepassive		0	May my pursuers be ashamed, but do not let me be ashamed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Bring shame on my pursuers, but do not bring shame on me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	17	18	us8n	figs-parallelism		0	May they be dismayed, but do not let me be dismayed	This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous one and adds emphasis to Jeremiah’s prayer. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Make them very afraid, but do not make me afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	17	18	xrc7	figs-metaphor		0	shatter them with a double share of destruction	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh destroying his enemies as if they were objects that Yahweh would shatter. The idiom “a double share” means to give twice as much. Alternate translation: “shatter them with complete destruction” or “destroy them twice as much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	17	19	ab1v	figs-ellipsis		0	then in all the other gates of Jerusalem	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “then go and stand in all the other gates of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	17	21	jye6			0	for the sake of your lives	Alternate translation: “to protect your lives”
JER	17	23	cu16	figs-doublet		0	They did not listen or pay attention	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people refused to listen. Alternate translation: “They refused to listen” or “They refused to obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	17	23	ksk9	figs-metaphor		0	stiffened their neck	Jeremiah speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had made their necks stiff and unmovable. Alternate translation: “became stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	17	25	i3jj	figs-metonymy		0	those who sit on David’s throne	Here the throne that the king of Judah sits on is represented as “David’s throne.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 13:13](../13/13.md). Alternate translation: “those who sit on Judah’s throne” or “the kings of the nation of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	17	25	r4s3	figs-activepassive		0	this city will be inhabited forever	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will inhabit this city forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	17	27	xjp9			0	I will light a fire in its gates	Alternate translation: “I will set the gates of Jerusalem on fire”
JER	17	27	r5tg	figs-activepassive		0	it cannot be put out	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people cannot put it out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	18	intro	z3ii			0		# Jeremiah 18 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 18:13-17, 19-23.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Attacking Jeremiah<br>Things were so bad in Judah, they even attacked Jeremiah. To attack Yahweh’s prophet was to attack Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Simile<br><br>Like a potter can change what he is making from one type of pot to another, God can change his plans and not punish people if they repent. The image of God as a potter and mankind as clay is an important one in Scripture. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	18	1	ad7f	figs-idiom		0	The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Arise” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah: ‘Arise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	18	2	ww5x			0	the potter’s house	“the workshop of the potter.” A potter is someone who makes pots from clay.
JER	18	3	z9ps			0	behold!	The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this.
JER	18	3	x9yr			0	on the potter’s wheel	The potter’s wheel is a small table that spins. A potter uses it to make pots.
JER	18	4	j5pm	figs-activepassive		0	the pot he was making from the clay was spoiled in the potter’s hand	The word “spoiled” means that something about the pot made the potter unhappy. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the pot that the potter was making with his hands was not good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	18	4	ffd2			0	was making	Alternate translation: “was forming” or “was shaping”
JER	18	4	qs6u			0	he returned the clay and formed it into another pot	He stopped making the pot, crushed the clay back into a lump, and then used that lump of clay to make another pot.
JER	18	4	kd4f	figs-metonymy		0	that was pleasing in his eyes	Here the word “eyes” represents sight and sight represents one’s opinion. Alternate translation: “that he thought was good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	18	5	gj6x	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to me, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	18	6	y4ia	figs-rquestion		0	Should I not be able to act like this potter with you, house of Israel?	With this question, Yahweh emphasizes his authority to do as he pleases with Israel. Alternate translation: “I am allowed to act toward you, house of Israel, like the potter acts toward the clay.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	18	6	j2v5	figs-metonymy		0	house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “kingdom of Israel” or “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	18	6	elt6	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	18	6	zg76			0	Behold	Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
JER	18	6	uzq5	figs-simile		0	Like clay in a potter’s hand—that is how you are in my hand	Yahweh compares his being able to remake Israel as he see fit to the way that the potter is able to remake a lump of clay as he sees fit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	18	7	jk3p	figs-doublet		0	tear it down, or destroy it	These two expressions basically mean the same thing. In the first expression, Yahweh speaks of destroying a kingdom as if the kingdom were a plant or a building that he tears down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	18	8	lnu4			0	relent from	Alternate translation: “withhold” or “not bring”
JER	18	9	n3us	figs-doublet		0	build it up or plant it	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of strengthening kingdoms as if they were buildings that he would build, and as if they were plants that he would plant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	18	10	q9ah	figs-metonymy		0	if it does evil in my eyes	Here the word “it” refers to a nation or kingdom, which is a metonym for the people in that nation or kingdom. The word “eyes” represents seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “if the people of that nation do things that I consider to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	18	10	u2ti	figs-metonymy		0	not listening to my voice	Here the word “voice” represents the words that Yahweh speaks. Here, “not listening” is an idiom that means that they do not obey. Alternate translation: “not obeying what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	18	11	h8xz			0	See	This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER	18	11	tj92	figs-metaphor		0	I am about to form disaster against you. I am about to devise a plan against you	Yahweh speaks of planning disaster as if disaster were an object that he forms, like the potter would form clay. The second sentence repeats the same idea as the first using different words. Alternate translation: “I am about to devise a plan to bring disaster against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	18	11	v6ut			0	devise a plan	Alternate translation: “make a plan”
JER	18	11	me21	figs-metaphor		0	his wicked way	Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	18	11	w5eq	figs-doublet		0	so your ways and your practices will bring good to you	The words “ways” and “practices” both refer to a person’s actions and general lifestyle. Alternate translation: “so your actions will result in good happening to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	18	12	fq15			0	But they will say	The word “they” refers to the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem.
JER	18	12	nmb4	figs-idiom		0	This is no use	Here, this idiom could mean: (1) the people do not care about what Jeremiah will say to them. Alternate translation: “We do not care what you say” or (2) The people do not think that anything good will come of what Jeremiah tells them to do. Alternate translation: “What you are saying will not work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	18	12	yc7y	figs-metonymy		0	what his evil, stubborn heart desires	Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind or will. Alternate translation: “what his evil, stubborn mind desires” or “whatever evil things that we stubbornly want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	18	13	w781	figs-rquestion		0	Ask the nations, who has ever heard of such a thing as this?	Here the word “nations” represents the people in the nations. Yahweh asks this question to scold the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Ask the nations if any of them have ever heard of such a thing as this.” or “Nowhere on earth has anyone ever heard of such a thing like this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	18	13	vta7	figs-personification		0	The virgin Israel has committed a horrible act	It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. Yahweh speaks of Israel being pure and faithful towards him as if she were a virgin and of Israel being unfaithful to him as if she had “committed a horrible act.” Alternate translation: “Israel, who is like a virgin, has done something horrible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	18	14	bbi9	figs-rquestion		0	Does the snow in Lebanon ever leave the rocky hills on its sides?	Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the snow on the mountains never melts. Alternate translation: “The snow in Lebanon never leaves the rocky hills on its sides.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	18	14	pn6p			0	the rocky hills on its sides	Alternate translation: “the sides of the rocky hills”
JER	18	14	utv2	figs-rquestion		0	Are the mountain streams coming from far away ever destroyed, those cold streams?	Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the mountain streams never cease to flow. He speaks of the streams drying up as if they were destroyed. Alternate translation: “Those cold mountain streams that come from far away never cease to flow.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	18	15	k5st	figs-metaphor		0	been made to stumble in their paths	Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a path along which he walks, and of living unfaithfully to him as if the person stumbled along the path. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this caused them to stumble in their paths” or “it is like they stumbled while walking on a path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	18	15	x24p	figs-metaphor		0	they have left the ancient paths to walk lesser paths	Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a path along which he walks. Here, “the ancient paths” represents the way that Yahweh had told their ancestors to live and “lesser paths” represents living unfaithfully to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	18	16	qh44	figs-abstractnouns		0	will become a horror	The word “horror” may be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “will become something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	18	16	g6ye			0	an object of everlasting hissing	The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people will always hiss”
JER	18	16	mx2e			0	passes by her	Here the word “her” refers to “Their land.”
JER	18	17	n6hk	figs-metaphor		0	I will scatter them before their enemies like an eastern wind	Yahweh speaks of causing the people to flee before their enemies as if he were an eastern wind that scatters dust and debris. Alternate translation: “I will be like an eastern wind and scatter them before their enemies” or “I will scatter them before their enemies like an eastern wind scatters dust and debris” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	18	17	n2xm			0	will scatter them	Here the word “them” refers to “my people.”
JER	18	17	mn5a	translate-symaction		0	I will show them my back, and not my face	“I will turn my back toward them, and not my face.” Turning one’s back towards someone is a symbolic action that represents rejection and turning one’s face towards someone is a symbolic action that represents favor. Alternate translation: “I will reject them and not act favorably towards them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER	18	18	vh9w			0	let us make plots against Jeremiah	Alternate translation: “let us make plans to harm Jeremiah”
JER	18	18	cf4s	figs-ellipsis		0	the law will never perish from the priests, or advice from the wise men, or words from the prophets	The words “will never perish” can be supplied to each of these phrases. This can also be expressed in positive terms. Alternate translation: “the law will never perish from the priests, and advice will never perish from the wise men, and words will never perish from the prophets” or “the priests will always have the law, the wise men will always give advice, and the prophets will always speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	18	18	f353	figs-explicit		0	words from the prophets	Here “words” represents messages that the prophets speak from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “words of Yahweh from the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	18	18	ay55	figs-metaphor		0	attack him with our words	The people speak of speaking harmful words against Jeremiah as if their words were weapons with which they attack him. Alternate translation: “say things that will harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	18	19	u46b			0	Pay attention to me	Here Jeremiah begins speaking to Yahweh.
JER	18	20	p988	figs-rquestion		0	Will disaster from them really be my reward for being good to them?	Jeremiah asks this question to emphasize that good actions should not be repaid with bad things. Alternate translation: “Disaster from them should not be my reward for being good to them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	18	20	t4h5	figs-metaphor		0	they have dug a pit for me	Jeremiah speaks of his enemies planning to kill him as if they had dug a pit in which to trap him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	18	20	p3xy	figs-metonymy		0	to cause your fury to turn away from them	Here the word “fury” represents the punishment that Yahweh intended to inflict upon them. Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh not punishing them as if he were turning his fury away from them. Alternate translation: “so that you would not punish them in your anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	18	21	xrk4	figs-idiom		0	give their children over to famine	The idiom “give over” means to place a person in the power of another person. Jeremiah speaks of “famine” as if it were a person who could have power over others. Alternate translation: “cause their children to die from famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	18	21	x3mp	figs-metonymy		0	give them to the hands of those who use the sword	Here the word “hands” represents power. Alternate translation: “cause those who use the sword to have power over them” or “cause them to die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	18	21	c2vn			0	let their women become bereaved and widows	“let the children and husbands of their women die.” The word “bereaved” refers to a woman whose children have all died.
JER	18	21	yp4k	figs-ellipsis		0	their men be killed	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let people kill their men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	18	21	gz9s	figs-ellipsis		0	their young men killed by the sword in battle	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let people kill their young men with swords in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	18	22	nj6w	figs-activepassive		0	Let a distressed shout be heard	The phrase “a distressed shout” can be translated with a verbal phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Let people hear a distressed shout” or “Let people hear others shout in distress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	18	22	zdc2	figs-parallelism		0	For they have dug a pit to capture me and have hidden traps for my feet	These two phrases share similar meanings. Jeremiah speaks of his enemies planning to kill him as if they had dug a pit for him to fall into and set traps in which to capture him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	18	22	l4rh			0	they have dug a pit	See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:20](../18/20.md).
JER	18	22	pxk9	figs-synecdoche		0	have hidden traps for my feet	Here the word “feet” represents Jeremiah. Alternate translation: “have hidden traps for me” or “have hidden traps for me to step on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	18	23	yh1m	figs-parallelism		0	Do not wipe their sins away from you	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh forgiving his enemies’ sins as if someone had written their sins down and Yahweh would erase them. This phrase means the same thing as the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “Do not pardon their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	18	23	fin3	figs-activepassive		0	let them be overthrown before you	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let people overthrow them in your presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	18	23	jrr6	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the time of your wrath	The word “wrath” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “when you are still angry with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	19	intro	e68t			0		# Jeremiah 19 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### People horrified<br><br>The destruction of Jerusalem will be so complete that it will leave dead bodies everywhere and horrify people who see it.
JER	19	2	r77q			0	Valley of Ben Hinnom	This is the name of a valley south of the city of Jerusalem, where people sacrificed to false gods. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md).
JER	19	3	lse3			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	19	3	tn4j			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER	19	3	wu9y	figs-idiom		0	the ears of everyone who hears of it will tingle	Here “ears … will tingle” is an idiom that means everyone will be shocked by what they hear. Alternate translation: “it will shock everyone who hears of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	19	3	w8jh			0	will tingle	This could mean: (1) “will ring” or (2) “will quiver.”
JER	19	4	i11f			0	they have abandoned me	Here the word “they” refers to the people of Judah.
JER	19	4	h6hz	figs-metonymy		0	filled this place with innocent blood	Here “innocent blood” represents the murder of innocent people. Yahweh speaks of murdering many people as filling a place with blood. Alternate translation: “murdered many innocent people in this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	19	5	hi1p	figs-metonymy		0	nor did it enter my mind	Here the word “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). Alternate translation: “nor did I ever think about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	19	6	h15q			0	see	Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER	19	6	r6da	figs-activepassive		0	this place will no longer be called	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will no longer call this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	19	6	n996			0	Topheth … the Valley of Ben Hinnom … the Valley of Slaughter	See how you translated the names of these places in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md).
JER	19	7	mk3z	figs-idiom		0	I will make them to fall by the sword before their enemies	The idiom “to fall by the sword” means to die in battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will enable their enemies to kill them with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	19	7	l3wj			0	I will make them	The word “them” refers to the people of Judah and Jerusalem.
JER	19	7	hl7t	figs-ellipsis		0	by the hand of the ones seeking their lives	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The idiom “fall … by the hand of” means to be killed by someone, with the word “hand” representing the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will enable those who want to kill them to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	19	8	qfw1	figs-abstractnouns		0	the object of hissing	The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people hiss” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	19	9	x4ye			0	I will make them eat	Alternate translation: “I will make the people who live in Jerusalem eat”
JER	19	9	gu5g			0	in the siege	Alternate translation: “because of the siege”
JER	19	9	jy23	figs-activepassive		0	and in the anguish brought on them by their enemies and the ones seeking their lives	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because their enemies and those who are seeking their lives have brought anguish upon them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	19	10	ck5z	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the sight of the men who went with you	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sight**, you can express the same idea with the verb “watching.” Alternate translation: “while the men who went with you are watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	19	11	vi9r			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	19	11	uis2	figs-activepassive		0	it could not be repaired again	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one can repair it again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	19	13	l6aa	figs-ellipsis		0	of the kings of Judah	The words “the houses” may be supplied here. Alternate translation: “the houses of the kings of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	19	13	u9v5	figs-metaphor		0	the unclean people	People who are not acceptable for God’s purposes are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	19	15	ut7s			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	19	15	d4pr			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER	19	15	rv5y	figs-parallelism		0	stiffened their neck and refused to listen	These two phrases both speak of the people being stubborn. In the first phrase, Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had made their necks stiff. Alternate translation: “stubbornly refused to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	20	intro	apn5			0		# Jeremiah 20 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 20:7-18.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pashhur<br>This chapter prophesied punishment against a specific leader named Pashhur. He was in charge of protecting the temple and had Jeremiah beaten and arrested. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>### Jeremiah’s reaction<br>Jeremiah’s reaction contrasts with the reaction of the Jews in general. Although Jeremiah was not happy with Yahweh’s actions, he still trusted in Yahweh. On the other hand, the Jews were not happy with the prophecies Yahweh gave to Jeremiah, so they beat the prophet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
JER	20	1	l4ka	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	20	1	xjd1	translate-names		0	Pashhur … Immer	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	20	2	h7fz	figs-metonymy		0	Pashhur beat Jeremiah	This could mean: (1) that Pashhur himself beat Jeremiah or (2) that Pashhur ordered other men to beat Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	20	2	rg2f			0	stocks	Stocks are a wooden frame with holes in it that people use to lock up a prisoner’s hands, feet, and head.
JER	20	2	yc2r			0	Upper Gate of Benjamin	This gate is different from the gate in the city wall that shared the same name.
JER	20	3	wf2c			0	It happened	This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER	20	3	pwz5	translate-names		0	you are Magor Missabib	This name means “terror on every side” or “surrounded by terror.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	20	4	a8gs			0	Look,	This word adds emphasis to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
JER	20	4	ebi2	figs-idiom		0	they will fall by the sword of their enemies	The idiom “fall by the sword” means that they will die in battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “their enemies will kill them with swords” or “their enemies will kill them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	20	4	xmk6	figs-synecdoche		0	your eyes will see it	Here the word “eyes” represents Pashhur. Alternate translation: “you will see it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	20	4	n4ua	figs-metonymy		0	I will give all of Judah into the hand of the king of Babylon	Here the word “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “I will enable the king of Babylon to conquer all of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	20	5	hbk2			0	I will give him	Here the word “him” refers to the king of Babylon.
JER	20	5	kd4g	figs-parallelism		0	all the wealth … all of its riches, all of its precious items and all the treasures	Yahweh repeats the same basic idea four times for emphasis. Babylon will take away all the wealth of Israel, including the king’s possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	20	5	j1gs	figs-metonymy		0	I will place these things in the hand of your enemies	Placing things in people’s hands represents giving thing to the people or allowing the people to take the things. Alternate translation: “I will give these things to your enemies” or “I will allow your enemies to take possession of these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	20	6	i5vn	figs-activepassive		0	You and all of your loved ones to whom you prophesied deceitful things will be buried there	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “There, people will bury you and all of your loved ones to whom you prophesied deceitful things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	20	7	sx22			0	General Information:	Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh.
JER	20	7	xwv7			0	Yahweh, you deceived me, and I was deceived	Some modern versions interpret these Hebrew expressions as “Yahweh, you persuaded me, and I was indeed persuaded.”
JER	20	7	np4x	figs-activepassive		0	I was deceived	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you deceived me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	20	7	r6kv	figs-parallelism		0	I have become a laughingstock all day long; everyone mocks me	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the way others mock him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	20	7	r3gc			0	laughingstock	This is a person whom others laugh at and make fun of.
JER	20	8	dqv6	figs-doublet		0	called out and proclaimed	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he proclaimed Yahweh’s message boldly. Alternate translation: “openly proclaimed” or “proclaimed loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	20	8	bd79	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh’s word has become for me reproach and mocking every day	Here “word” refers to the message of Yahweh. The words “reproach” and “mocking” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “people reproach and mock me every day because I proclaim Yahweh’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	20	8	t4n7	figs-doublet		0	for me reproach and mocking	The words “reproach” and “mocking” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that people have ridiculed Jeremiah for proclaiming Yahweh’s message. Alternate translation: “a reason for people to ridicule me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	20	9	bs6s	figs-metonymy		0	I will not speak any longer in his name	This could mean: (1) “I will never mention Yahweh or say anything about him” or (2) the word “name” represents authority. Alternate translation: “I will no longer speak as his messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	20	9	a3zh	figs-synecdoche		0	it is like a fire in my heart, held within my bones	Here the words “heart” and “bones” represent Jeremiah’s innermost being. Jeremiah speaks of being unable to not speak Yahweh’s message as if Yahweh’s message were a fire that burns within him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s word is like a fire that burns deep within me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	20	10	tf3t			0	Report! We must report it	Jeremiah’s enemies say these words.
JER	20	10	x8mp	figs-metaphor		0	watch to see if I will fall	Jeremiah speaks of his enemies waiting for him to do something wrong for which they might accuse him as if they were watching for him to fall down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	20	10	zz5y			0	Perhaps he can be tricked … take our revenge on him	Jeremiah’s enemies say these words.
JER	20	10	i3zl	figs-activepassive		0	Perhaps he can be tricked	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Perhaps we can trick him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	20	11	zzb4	figs-simile		0	Yahweh is with me like a powerful warrior	Jeremiah compares Yahweh helping him and defending him against his enemies to a powerful warrior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	20	11	yi4y	figs-metaphor		0	so the ones pursuing me will stagger	Jeremiah speaks of his enemies trying to harm him as if they were chasing after him and of their failing to harm him as if they were to stagger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	20	11	a96t	figs-activepassive		0	They will be greatly ashamed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bring great shame upon them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	20	11	uvt7	figs-activepassive		0	it will never be forgotten	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will never forget it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	20	12	m8yj	figs-metonymy		0	see the mind and the heart	The word “mind” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides, and the word “heart” is a metonym for what a person feels and desires. Alternate translation: “know every person’s thoughts and feelings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	20	13	g8hc	figs-metonymy		0	those who are oppressed from the hand of evildoers	Here the word “hand” represents power. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those whom evildoers oppress with their power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	20	14	rdr5	figs-activepassive		0	Let the day when I was born be cursed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Curse the day I was born” or “Let people curse the day when I was born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	20	14	n6m1	figs-activepassive		0	Do not let the day that my mother bore me be blessed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not bless the day that my mother bore me” or “Do not let people bless the day that my mother bore me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	20	15	se5g	figs-activepassive		0	Let the man who informed my father be cursed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Curse the man who informed my father” or “Let people curse the man who informed my father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	20	16	r8ir			0	that man	This refers to the man who informed Jeremiah’s father of Jeremiah’s birth.
JER	20	16	p6vf			0	the cities that Yahweh overthrew	This refers to Sodom and Gomorrah.
JER	20	16	l3tc			0	he did not have compassion	Here the word “he” refers to Yahweh.
JER	20	16	ucg7			0	Let him hear a cry for help	Here the word “him” refers to “that man.”
JER	20	17	j5v9	figs-metaphor		0	making my mother to be my tomb	Jeremiah speaks of his dying while his mother was still pregnant with him as if his mother’s womb were his tomb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	20	17	z5dt	figs-metaphor		0	a womb that was pregnant forever	Jeremiah speaks of his pregnant mother never giving birth to the baby in her womb as if she had been pregnant forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	20	18	zc9e	figs-rquestion		0	Why is it that I came out from the womb to see troubles and agony … shame?	Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to complain that there was no good reason for him to be born. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There was no reason for me to be born only to see troubles and agony … shame.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	20	18	szf6	figs-doublet		0	to see troubles and agony	The words “troubles” and “agony” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the amount and severity of suffering. Alternate translation: “to experience so much suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	20	18	fz2s	figs-synecdoche		0	my days are filled with shame	Here the word “days” represents all the days of Jeremiah’s life. Alternate translation: “my life is filled with shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	21	intro	d7pt			0		# Jeremiah 21 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 21:12-14.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jerusalem doomed<br><br>God will fight against Jerusalem and will use the nation of Babylon to fight his battle. If the Jews wanted to live, they needed to surrender to Babylon. Most of the Jews would have rather died than to surrender to Babylon. Usually, fighting against a Gentile nation was a sign of trust in Yahweh’s power. In this instance, it was a sign of trust in Yahweh to surrender. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
JER	21	1	tf6j	figs-idiom		0	The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke a message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	21	1	ur9x			0	Pashhur	This is not the same Pashhur that was mentioned in [Jeremiah 20:1](../20/01.md).
JER	21	1	ad5j	translate-names		0	Pashhur … Malkijah … Maaseiah	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	21	1	zpe3			0	and they said	Alternate translation: “Pashhur and Zephaniah said to Jeremiah”
JER	21	2	q4d4			0	Seek advice from Yahweh on our behalf … making war on us	This was a polite, but urgent request. Alternate translation: “Please speak to Yahweh for us … attacking us”
JER	21	2	z5nz			0	as in times past	Alternate translation: “as he did in the past”
JER	21	2	s62n			0	will make him withdraw from us	Alternate translation: “will make him go away”
JER	21	4	leg9			0	See	This tells the hearer to pay special attention to what follows.
JER	21	4	ax9r			0	turn back	This could mean: (1) to make useless or (2) to send back into the city.
JER	21	4	rb48	figs-metonymy		0	the instruments of war that are in your hand	This could mean: (1) the instruments of war refers to the soldiers who carry them and “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the soldiers that you command” or (2) the instruments of war are literal weapons and “your hand” represent both the king and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “the weapons that you and your soldiers carry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	21	4	a79u			0	Chaldeans	This term here is another name for the Babylonians.
JER	21	4	xk9a			0	closing you in	Alternate translation: “coming close to you”
JER	21	4	cju6			0	I will gather them	This could mean: (1) Yahweh will allow the Babylonians to enter the city or (2) Yahweh will cause the Israelites to bring their weapons back into the center of the city.
JER	21	5	hc2w	figs-rpronouns		0	Then I myself	This is emphatic and stresses that Yahweh is the one who will do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER	21	5	jrm2	figs-idiom		0	with a raised hand and a strong arm	Both of these phrases are idiomatic expressions that refer to great power. Alternate translation: “with very great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	21	5	f3ic	figs-doublet		0	with wrath, fury, and great anger	These words all mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the great intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: “with extremely great anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	21	6	c5rg			0	inhabitants of this city	Alternate translation: “those who live in Jerusalem”
JER	21	7	k4qv	figs-metonymy		0	the sword	Here this refers to the battle in which swords are used. Alternate translation: “the war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	21	7	ziv3	figs-metonymy		0	into the hand	Here “hand” refers to the power of their enemies over them. Alternate translation: “into the power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	21	7	vgu8	figs-parallelism		0	Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon … their enemies … those seeking their life	All of these phrases refer to Nebuchadnezzar and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	21	7	z1zk			0	seeking their life	Alternate translation: “wanting to kill them”
JER	21	7	equ4	figs-metonymy		0	with the edge of the sword	This could mean: (1) this is a metonym for death in battle. Alternate translation: “in battle” or (2) they will be killed by literal swords. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	21	7	j95p	figs-doublet		0	He will not pity them, spare them, or have compassion	These three phrases have the same meaning and emphasize that Nebuchadnezzar will deal severely with them. Alternate translation: “He will not show them any mercy or compassion at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	21	8	uz34			0	this people	Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem”
JER	21	8	k2vf			0	I am about to place before you the way of life and the way of death	Yahweh is offering the people of Jerusalem a choice that will determine whether they live or die.
JER	21	9	uw2k	figs-metonymy		0	by the sword, famine, and plague	Death by the sword refers to death in battle. Alternate translation: “in battle and by famine and plague” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	21	9	fn95	translate-symaction		0	falling on his knees before	This symbolic act represents surrender. Alternate translation: “surrendering to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER	21	9	g472			0	closed in against you	Alternate translation: “attacked you from all sides”
JER	21	9	as7l			0	He will escape with his life	The one who surrenders to the Babylonians will escape with his life, even though he will lose all his possessions.
JER	21	10	s4dv	figs-idiom		0	I have set my face against this city	This idiom means he “firmly decided.” Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind to oppose this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	21	10	e61c			0	have set my face against	Alternate translation: “am staring angrily at”
JER	21	10	wwu1	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	21	10	jk2w	figs-activepassive		0	It has been given	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have given it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	21	10	sef1	figs-metonymy		0	into the hand of the king	Here “hand” represents the power of the king to destroy the city. Alternate translation: “into the power of the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	21	11	u3ev			0	Concerning the house of the king of Judah, listen to the word of Yahweh	This may serve as a title for 21:12 - 23:8. Alternate translation: “Listen to what Yahweh says about the king of Judah, his family, and his servants”
JER	21	11	l7p3	figs-metonymy		0	the house of the king of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to king and his family. Alternate translation: “the king of Judah and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	21	12	nl9b	figs-metonymy		0	House of David	This refers to the same people as “the house of the king of Judah.” All of the kings of Judah were descendants of David. Alternate translation: “Descendants of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	21	12	s22h	figs-abstractnouns		0	Bring about justice in the morning	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Always treat the people whom you rule over fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	21	12	l5bg	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of the oppressor	Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “the power of the one who oppresses them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	21	12	bpj8	figs-metaphor		0	my fury will go out like fire and burn	Here Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if it was a fire that would burn up those who did evil. Alternate translation: “I will punish and destroy you in my anger quickly and completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	21	12	ph8p	figs-metaphor		0	there is no one who can quench it	Jeremiah continues the simile of Yahweh’s punishment as a fire that was so hot that no one could put it out with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	21	13	a8zt			0	See	This alerts whoever is hearing to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention”
JER	21	13	qie5			0	inhabitant of the valley	This could mean: (1) this may refer to Jerusalem, which was located above a valley, because “inhabitant” is singular and feminine, as is Jerusalem or (2) this is directed to another city or group of people. Most versions leave the original form rather than specifying the city.
JER	21	13	h96i			0	I am against	Alternate translation: “I oppose” or “I am going to punish”
JER	21	13	dxt4	figs-rquestion		0	Who will come down to attack us?…Who will enter our houses?	These questions are used to state their confidence that they can resist attack. Alternate translation: “No one will attack us!…No one will enter our houses!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	21	14	uf3g	figs-metaphor		0	I have assigned the fruit of your practices to come against you	The result of their evil deeds is spoken of as fruit which grew from those practices. Alternate translation: “I will punish you as you deserve because of the things you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	21	14	nf8v	figs-metaphor		0	in the thickets	This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor for the columns of wood that supported the palace or (2) these are literal patches of brush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	22	intro	in1u			0		# Jeremiah 22 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 22:6-10, 13-28, 28-30.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Luxury and oppression<br><br>Because the king lived in luxury and oppressed the poor, God was sending him and his mother into captivity unless he repented. The king lacked justice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
JER	22	1	z5bz			0	the house of the king of Judah	“the palace of the king of Judah.” The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace where the king lived.
JER	22	1	qfg5			0	proclaim this word	Alternate translation: “proclaim this message”
JER	22	2	qj9k	figs-explicit		0	your people who come through these gates	These gates are the gates of the king’s palace. Alternate translation: “your people who come to visit the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	22	3	qb4x	figs-abstractnouns		0	Perform justice and righteousness	The abstract nouns “justice” and “righteousness can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “Act fairly and justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	22	3	m8e5			0	anyone who has been robbed—rescue him from the hand of the oppressor	Alternate translation: “rescue anyone who has been robbed from the hand of the oppressor”
JER	22	3	y9er	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of the oppressor	Here “the hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “the power of the oppressor” or “the one who would harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	22	3	m38q			0	Do not mistreat	Alternate translation: “Do not treat badly”
JER	22	3	z2z9			0	orphan	a child who does not have parents
JER	22	3	b6c5	figs-idiom		0	Do not … pour out innocent blood	Here “pour out … blood” is associated with murder, and “blood” refers to the murdered people. Alternate translation: “Do not … murder innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	22	3	t9h8			0	in this place	This could mean: (1) Jerusalem or (2) the whole country of Judah. This does not imply that it is good to murder people in other places.
JER	22	4	f37x	figs-metonymy		0	kings sitting on David’s throne	The metonym “throne” refers to kingly authority like David had. Alternate translation: “kings, ruling like David before them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	22	4	vfy3			0	the gates of this house	This refers to the gates to the courtyard of the palace.
JER	22	4	l5m1	figs-metonymy		0	riding in a chariot and on horses	This phrase is a metonym that describes the kings as powerful and wealthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	22	4	rx2m	figs-ellipsis		0	he, his servants, and his people	This sentence lists all who will be powerful and wealthy. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “he, his servants, and his people will ride into the palace on chariots and horses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	22	5	zef9			0	if you do not listen to	Alternate translation: “if you refuse to pay attention to” or “if you do not obey”
JER	22	5	w37m			0	this royal house	This phrase here appears to refer specifically to the royal palace.
JER	22	6	hfy3	figs-metonymy		0	the house of the king of Judah	This could mean: (1) this refers to the royal palace where the king lived or (2) “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, who were the royal line of the kings of Judah. Alternate translation: “the royal dynasty of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	22	6	v879	figs-simile		0	You are like Gilead, or like the summit of Lebanon	This could mean: (1) “You are as beautiful as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon” or (2) “You give me as much pleasure as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	22	6	ahd6	figs-metaphor		0	turn you into a wilderness	What was formerly beautiful is said to become bare and deserted. Alternate translation: “cause you to become empty like the desert” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	22	7	wcw6			0	I have designated destroyers to come against you	Alternate translation: “I have chosen an army to attack you”
JER	22	7	d1mn	figs-metaphor		0	the best of your cedars	This could mean: (1) the beams of the palace or (2) the leading men of the royal family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	22	7	wb7h	figs-metaphor		0	fall into the fire	This could mean: (1) a literal fire that will burn the palace beams or (2) the destruction of the royal family is spoken of as if they were burned in a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	22	8	t15z	figs-synecdoche		0	Then many nations will pass by this city	Here “nations” refers to the people from those nations that pass by. Alternate translation: “Then many people from various nations will pass by this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	22	9	a4v3	figs-doublet		0	bowed down to other gods and worshiped them	These two phrases mean the same thing. The phrase “bowed down” describes the posture that people used in worship. Alternate translation: “they worshiped other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER	22	10	mwb9			0	General Information:	Yahweh has shifted from addressing the King of Judah and is now speaking to a general audience.
JER	22	10	n3gc			0	the one who is dead	This is singular, and refers to King Josiah who had been killed.
JER	22	10	nz1s			0	him who is about to go away	This refers to King Jehoahaz who was taken into exile in Egypt.
JER	22	10	mc5c			0	never return and see his native land	Alternate translation: “never come back and see the land of Israel again” or “never see his homeland again”
JER	22	11	gm4b	translate-names		0	Jehoahaz	The name in Hebrew is “Shallum,” but he is better known as Jehoahaz. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	22	11	rw5q			0	who served as king instead of Josiah his father	Alternate translation: “who became king when his father, Josiah, died”
JER	22	13	qz4r			0	him who builds … his upper rooms … who makes … for him … he does not give	The words “him” and “his” and “who” and “he” refer to King Jehoahaz (verse 11).
JER	22	13	qb7j	figs-doublet		0	builds his house by unrighteousness, his upper rooms by injustice	The abstract nouns “unrighteousness” and “injustice” have similar meanings, are repeated for emphasis, and can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “unjustly forced men to build his house and his upper rooms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	22	13	rzx8	figs-metonymy		0	his house	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jehoahaz (verse 11) and his family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	22	13	b5uz			0	him his wages	This refers to any of the neighbors of King Jehoahaz (verse 11) whom the king forces to work.
JER	22	14	m567			0	he says … he cuts … he panels … he paints	These refer to King Jehoahaz (verse 11).
JER	22	14	ub8w			0	a large house with spacious upper rooms … large windows … cedar … red	These characteristics all describe a very expensive house.
JER	22	15	ag7u	figs-rquestion		0	Is this what makes you a good king, that you wanted to have boards of cedar?	Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to rebuke Jehoiakim for his expensive palace. Alternate translation: “Having a cedar palace does not make you a good king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	22	15	b88r	figs-rquestion		0	Did not your father also eat and drink, yet do … righteousness?	Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Jehoiakim about the example of his father, King Josiah. Alternate translation: “Your father King Josiah enjoyed his life, yet did … righteousness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	22	15	y86v	figs-doublet		0	do justice and righteousness	These abstract nouns have similar meanings, are repeated for emphasis and can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “act justly and fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	22	16	nkx5			0	It was good then	Alternate translation: “Things went well for him”
JER	22	16	y4lk	figs-rquestion		0	Is this not what it means to know me?	Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to rebuke Jehoiakim for not following the example of his father, King Josiah. Alternate translation: “This is what it means to know me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	22	16	rd6y	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	22	17	tab3	figs-metonymy		0	there is nothing in your eyes and heart except worry … crushing of others	Here “eyes” is a metonym for seeing and “heart” is a metonym for thinking. Alternate translation: “you never look for or think about anything except … crushing of others” or “you only look for and think about ways to cheat others and pour out innocent blood, and to oppress and crush others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	22	17	u23t			0	unjust profit	This is getting money by cheating or by using unfair means.
JER	22	17	idh3	figs-idiom		0	pouring out innocent blood	Here “pouring out … blood” is associated with murder, and “blood” refers to the murdered people. Alternate translation: “murdering innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	22	17	l1rn			0	crushing of others	Alternate translation: “doing violence to others in order to get money”
JER	22	18	h7h1	figs-ellipsis		0	They will not lament for him	In verse 18, Yahweh stops speaking directly to Jehoiakim and begins to speak to other people. Here “lament” refers to grieving at Jehoiakim’s death. Alternate translation: “They will not lament for Jehoiakim when he dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	22	18	n6j5	figs-parallelism		0	Woe, my brother!…Woe, my sister!…Woe, master!…Woe, majesty!	Yahweh uses the word “Woe” several times for emphasis. He addresses the various people who would normally show great sadness when someone dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	22	19	s435	figs-metaphor		0	He will be buried with a donkey’s burial, dragged away and thrown out	The burial of Jehoiakim is spoken of as being the same as the manner in which people would bury a donkey. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They will bury his dead body the way they would bury a dead donkey; they will drag it away and throw it out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	22	20	ggs2			0	General Information:	It appears that Yahweh is here speaking to the people of Jerusalem, telling them that they will be destroyed.
JER	22	20	gv51	figs-idiom		0	Lift your voice	This idiom refers to shouting. In this case, they are crying out in grief. Alternate translation: “Cry out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	22	20	ptb6	translate-names		0	Abarim mountains	a mountain range that was southeast of Jerusalem (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	22	21	t5yr			0	I spoke to you when you were safe	Alternate translation: “I spoke to you when you were doing well”
JER	22	21	fs7b			0	This was your custom	Alternate translation: “This was your way of life”
JER	22	21	n4fz	figs-metonymy		0	you have not listened to my voice	Listening is a metonym for obeying. Alternate translation: “you have not obeyed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	22	22	l2p1	figs-metaphor		0	The wind will shepherd away all your shepherds	This is a wordplay—Yahweh uses the idea of “shepherd” in two different ways. Here “shepherds” is a metaphor for the leaders of Jerusalem, and the wind “leads” them away. The wind represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will take your leaders away as if the wind had blown them away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	22	22	m6ua			0	go into captivity	Alternate translation: “become captives” or “go into exile”
JER	22	23	i6fc	figs-metaphor		0	You who live in ‘Lebanon,’ who is nestled in cedar buildings	Yahweh speaks of the royal palace as “Lebanon” and “cedar buildings” because it was constructed with a lot of cedar. Alternate translation: “You who live in a palace made from the cedars of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	22	23	n9dg	figs-you		0	You who live	This “You” is singular and refers to the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER	22	23	x4j2	figs-activepassive		0	how you will be pitied	The meaning of the Hebrew is not clear. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) “they will greatly pity you” or (2) “you will groan greatly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	22	23	vfv9	figs-simile		0	when the labor pains come upon you, pain like that of a woman in labor	The pain that the king will feel when his enemies defeat him will be as intense as the pain a woman feels in childbirth. Alternate translation: “when you experience pain as intense as the pain of a woman in childbirth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	22	24	lcv6	figs-hypo		0	even if you … were the signet on my right hand	Yahweh speaks to Jehoiachin as if it were possible for him to be the ring on Yahweh’s hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER	22	24	fu3p	figs-metonymy		0	the signet on my right hand	A signet ring was used by a king to place his seal of authority on documents. The signet ring therefore represents authority to rule. The right hand also represents authority to rule. Alternate translation: “the signet ring on my right hand that represented my authority to be king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	22	24	dv7c			0	I would tear you off	Alternate translation: “I would tear you off from my hand” or “I would quickly pull you off of my hand”
JER	22	25	s6ia	figs-activepassive		0	I have given you to the hand of the ones seeking your life	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have made it possible for the ones seeking your life to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	22	25	h93i	figs-metonymy		0	to the hand of	Here the metonym “hand” represents power and control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	22	25	sr7r	figs-metaphor		0	seeking your life	This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. See how this phrase is translated in [Jeremiah 11:21](../11/21.md). Alternate translation: “trying to kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	22	27	cm6e			0	this land to which they will want to return	This refers to the land of Judah.
JER	22	28	clg1			0	Is this a despised and shattered vessel?…did not know?	It is not clear who is speaking in verse 28.
JER	22	28	h3sy	figs-metaphor		0	Is this a despised and shattered vessel? Is this man Jehoiachin a pot that pleases no one?	Jehoiachin is spoken of as a pot that was completely worthless and not liked by anyone. The questions emphasize that he has no value or friends. Alternate translation: “Jehoiachin is as useless as a broken vessel and no one is happy with him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	22	28	qal1	figs-rquestion		0	Why have they thrown him and his descendants out, and have poured them out into a land that they did not know?	This rhetorical question explains what will happen to the worthless Jehoiachin. Alternate translation: “Therefore the enemy will remove Jehoiachin and his family from the land and take them to a foreign land.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	22	28	vh5v	figs-metaphor		0	have poured them out	Jehoiachin and his descendants are spoke of as if they had been poured out in another country like garbage from a vessel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	22	29	ac8x	figs-apostrophe		0	Land, Land, Land	Yahweh speaks his message to all the people of the land by calling out to the land where they live. The title is repeated to call attention to the message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER	22	30	ll6p	figs-explicit		0	He will be childless	Jehoiachin has several sons. This phrase, then, means it is as if he was childless. His children will not succeed him as king. Alternate translation: “It will be as if he did not have any children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	22	30	h57d	figs-metonymy		0	sit on David’s throne	Sitting on a throne is a metonym for ruling as king. Alternate translation: “become king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	23	intro	u767			0		# Jeremiah 23 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 23:5-6, 9-24.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Prophesying lies<br><br>The false prophets had encouraged people to continue sinning by saying everything will be alright. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Wordplay<br><br>In Hebrew, the word for “message” can also mean “burden.” In translations that are using footnotes, you may want to explain the wordplay in a footnote. In translations that are not using footnotes or which will primarily be distributed in an oral form, you may need a sentence like “What message has the Lord burdened you with now?” or “You (plural) call God’s message a heavy burden on you.”
JER	23	1	q9nk	figs-metaphor		0	General Information:	In verses 1-4, Yahweh refers to Israel as his pasture, the people of Israel as his sheep, and the leaders of Israel as the shepherds. Shepherds have a duty to protect the sheep, but the leaders were not doing that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	23	1	z9sb	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	23	2	hus7	figs-doublet		0	You have scattered my flock and have driven them away	These two phrases have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	23	3	n6wn	figs-metaphor		0	to a grazing place	Yahweh refers to the land of Israel as if it were good pasture for his people. This good pasture is a metonym for provision for their needs. Alternate translation: “to good pasture” or “to where all their needs will be supplied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	23	3	k44c	figs-doublet		0	they will be fruitful and increase	The word “increase” explains how they will be “fruitful.” Alternate translation: “they will increase greatly in number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	23	4	ybw9			0	I will raise up	Alternate translation: “I will appoint”
JER	23	4	t983	figs-doublet		0	they will no longer fear or be shattered	The words “be shattered” mean that someone has caused them to be afraid and mean basically the same thing as “fear.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will make them afraid anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	23	4	n8p6			0	None of them	Alternate translation: “None of my people”
JER	23	4	ku28	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	23	5	xn4x			0	See	This word alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
JER	23	5	wru3	figs-idiom		0	I will raise up	This idiom means he will appoint a successor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	23	5	wi4u	figs-metaphor		0	a righteous branch	This future king descended from David is spoken of as if he were a branch grown on a tree. Alternate translation: “a righteous descendant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	23	5	he9a			0	a righteous branch	Some modern versions translate this as “a legitimate successor to the throne.”
JER	23	5	ki8r	figs-abstractnouns		0	cause justice and righteousness in the land	The abstract nouns “justice” and “righteousness” can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “cause people to act justly and rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	23	5	k63x	figs-metonymy		0	in the land	Here “land” refers to the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “for all the people in the nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	23	6	ls7f	figs-metonymy		0	Judah will be rescued	Here “Judah” refers to the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah will be rescued” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	23	6	cl3x	figs-activepassive		0	Judah will be rescued	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will rescue Judah from their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	23	6	y7s1	figs-metonymy		0	Israel will live in security	Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel will live in security” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	23	6	b9n9			0	he will be called	this refers to the king
JER	23	6	tg6a	figs-abstractnouns		0	Yahweh is our righteousness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, the one who does what is right for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	23	7	kss4			0	General Information:	This verse is very similar to [Jeremiah 16:14](../16/14.md), although not exactly the same. Compare how you translated that verse.
JER	23	7	t4jx			0	see	The word “see” here alerts the reader to pay attention to the important information that follows.
JER	23	7	xb5a	figs-idiom		0	As Yahweh lives	“as surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	23	8	d1ds			0	General Information:	This verse is very similar to [Jeremiah 16:15](../16/15.md), although not exactly the same. Compare how you translated that verse.
JER	23	8	yqm5	figs-doublet		0	who brought up and who led back	These two phrases mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “who brought back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	23	8	e2wl	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	23	8	eqs7			0	the northern land and all the lands where they had been driven	This refers to the way the northern ten tribes of Israel were captured and spread out among the surrounding countries.
JER	23	8	c7iz	figs-explicit		0	Then they will live in their own land	This refers to Israel, from where they were scattered. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then they will live in their own land again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	23	9	j7qj			0	General Information:	In verses 9-32 Jeremiah delivers Yahweh’s message to the false prophets and the priests. Jeremiah is speaking in verse 9, but it is not clear if verse 10 are the words of Jeremiah or of Yahweh.
JER	23	9	f11c	figs-metonymy		0	Regarding the prophets, my heart is broken in me, and all of my bones tremble	The prophet speaks of his heart being broken and his bones trembling because he is afraid of the judgment that will result from the lies of the false prophets. Alternate translation: “I have great fear for what will happen because of the false prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	23	9	lb5c	figs-idiom		0	my heart is broken in me	This idiom refers to deep sadness. Alternate translation: “I am very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	23	9	g6mk	figs-metonymy		0	all of my bones tremble	Here trembling is associated with fear. Alternate translation: “I am very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	23	9	a63q	figs-simile		0	I have become like a drunk man, like a man whom wine has overpowered	People who are drunk are not able to control themselves. Likewise, Jeremiah has lost control of himself out of fear of Yahweh’s punishment. Alternate translation: “I am like a drunk man; I cannot control myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	23	10	v7jt	figs-hyperbole		0	the land is full of adulterers	The land is spoken of as if it were a container and the adulterers were objects that filled the container completely. That is, everyone in the land is an adulterer, which in turn is an exaggeration for very many people being adulterers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER	23	10	pz91	figs-metaphor		0	adulterers	This word here probably has two senses. It has the literal meaning that the men in the nation had committed adultery against their own wives, and it also has the figurative meaning that they had abandoned Yahweh in order to worship idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	23	10	t6w1			0	the land is dried up	Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew phrase as “the land mourns.”
JER	23	10	u1vx	figs-metaphor		0	These prophets’ paths are wicked	The wicked actions of the false prophets are spoken of as if they were walking on an evil path. Alternate translation: “These prophets are doing things that are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	23	11	g5xv			0	Connecting Statement:	Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
JER	23	11	pq1v	figs-metaphor		0	the prophets and the priests are polluted	The prophets and priests are defiled by sin in the same way that water can be polluted by filth. Alternate translation: “the prophets and the priests are sinful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	23	12	fgb1	figs-simile		0	their way will be like a slippery place in the darkness	The danger of their actions is spoken of as if they were about to fall off the slippery edge of a cliff in the dark and injure themselves. Alternate translation: “there actions are unstable and dangerous, like walking on a slippery place in the darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	23	12	cdv6	figs-metaphor		0	I will send disaster against them	Yahweh speaks of disaster as an enemy that he will send to attack the priests and false prophets. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to experience disaster” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	23	13	q2w8			0	Connecting Statement:	Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
JER	23	13	sqi5	figs-metaphor		0	led my people Israel astray	The deception of the people by the false prophets is spoken of as leading them down the wrong path. Alternate translation: “deceived my people, the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	23	14	kpq8			0	They commit adultery	This could mean: (1) they were literally unfaithful to their wives or (2) their worship of other gods is spoken of as spiritual adultery.
JER	23	14	gu9j	figs-idiom		0	walk in deceit	This idiom means they lived a life of deceit. Alternate translation: “live in dishonesty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	23	14	v93v	figs-synecdoche		0	They strengthen the hands of evildoers	Here “hands” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “They strengthen those who do evil” or “They encourage people who do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	23	14	hf5u			0	no one turns back from his evildoing	This can be state in positive form. Alternate translation: “everyone continues in their sin”
JER	23	14	cc8r	figs-simile		0	All of them have become like Sodom … like Gomorrah	Sodom and Gomorrah were cities that were so wicked that God destroyed them with fire from heaven. Alternate translation: “They all became as evil as Sodom … as wicked as Gomorrah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	23	15	t5fw			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	23	15	cv5x			0	Look	The word “look” here alerts the reader to pay attention to the important information that follows.
JER	23	15	ug5g	figs-metaphor		0	I am about to make them eat wormwood and drink poisonous water	Wormwood is a plant that is very bitter and unpleasant to eat. This phrase describes the punishment that Yahweh was going to bring about on the evil prophets. In the same way wormwood was bitter and the water was poisonous, so would Yaweh’s judgment be on the evil prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	23	15	wjd4			0	I am about to	Alternate translation: “I will soon”
JER	23	15	zxk6	figs-metaphor		0	pollution has gone out from the prophets	Here the evil teaching of the priests and false prophets is spoken of as if it were something filthy that ruined the land. Alternate translation: “evil has come from the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	23	15	fxa4			0	pollution	dirty and unsafe things that spoil the air, water, or land where they are found
JER	23	16	z212			0	Connecting Statement:	Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
JER	23	16	u2nu			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	23	16	yu7d			0	They have deluded you!	Alternate translation: “The prophets have caused you to believe something that is not true!”
JER	23	16	qzm5	figs-metonymy		0	visions from their own minds	Here “minds” refers to the thoughts of the false prophets. Alternate translation: “visions that they imagined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	23	16	nij1	figs-metonymy		0	not from Yahweh’s mouth	Here “mouth” refers to what Yahweh said. Alternate translation: “not what Yahweh said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	23	17	e3yb	figs-hyperbole		0	They are constantly saying	The word “constantly” is an exaggeration to emphasize that this is what they normally say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER	23	17	kg1k	figs-metaphor		0	everyone walking in the stubbornness of his own heart says	Here “heart” refers to their desires. To follow those desires is spoken of as walking in them. Alternate translation: “everyone stubbornly does whatever they desire to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	23	17	ww1a			0	Disaster will not come upon you	Alternate translation: “Nothing bad will happen to you”
JER	23	18	rtl1	figs-rquestion		0	Yet who has stood in Yahweh’s council meeting? Who sees and hears his word? Who pays attention to his word and listens?	These questions are used to rebuke the priests and false prophets for not obeying Yahweh. Alternate translation: “No one advises Yahweh. No one understands what Yahweh says. No one obeys Yahweh’s commands.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	23	18	crs3			0	pays attention to his word and listens	These two phrases mean the same thing. They can be combined in one phrase. Alternate translation: “obeys his word at all”
JER	23	19	sv8q			0	Connecting Statement:	Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
JER	23	19	b4tl	figs-metaphor		0	there is a storm coming from Yahweh … His fury is going out … a tempest is whirling about	These three phrases all refer to a great storm that is a metaphor for Yahweh’s anger. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s anger is coming like a great storm, going out with fury and whirling like a tempest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	23	19	gsy3			0	a tempest	a violent windstorm
JER	23	19	w4qs	figs-metaphor		0	It is whirling around the heads of the wicked	Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if it were a windstorm whirling around the wicked. Alternate translation: “It is coming upon the wicked like a windstorm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	23	20	n8pg	figs-personification		0	Yahweh’s wrath will not return until it	Yahweh’s wrath is spoken of as if it were alive and could act on its own. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not stop being angry until he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	23	20	p9sd	figs-metonymy		0	carried out and brought into being his heart’s intentions	Here “heart’s intentions” refers to the things that Yahweh wanted to happen. Alternate translation: “completed and accomplished all the punishment that he had planned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	23	20	b1p2			0	the final days	Alternate translation: “the future”
JER	23	21	duz4			0	General Information:	Yahweh is the speaker in verses 21-40.
JER	23	21	e2zq			0	Connecting Statement:	Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
JER	23	21	jy71	figs-explicit		0	they have still prophesied	It is understood that they are prophesying falsely. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “they have prophesied falsely anyway” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	23	22	nx49	figs-hypo		0	if they had stood in my council meeting	Yahweh states what would have happened if the priests and false prophets had participated in Yahweh’s council meeting in heaven. This hypothetical situation is impossible. Alternate translation: “if they had truly listened to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER	23	22	kym3			0	my council meeting	In ancient times, God was thought to hold meetings with the angels in heaven. Yahweh is referring to this kind of meeting, which humans could not attend. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 23:18](../23/18.md).
JER	23	22	n2ix	figs-idiom		0	to turn from	This idiom means they would stop doing these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	23	23	w171			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
JER	23	23	dpw9	figs-rquestion		0	Am I only a God nearby … and not also a God far away?	Yahweh uses this question to rebuke the priests and false prophets for thinking that he did not rule everywhere. Alternate translation: “I am not only a God who is here in Jerusalem … but I am everywhere!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	23	23	ek7y	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	23	24	s2d6	figs-rquestion		0	Can anyone hide in a secret place so I cannot see him?	Yahweh uses this question to rebuke the priests and false prophets for thinking that he did not see the evil that they were doing. Alternate translation: “No one can hide in a secret place so I cannot see him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	23	24	asa4	figs-rquestion		0	do I not fill the heavens and the earth?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is everywhere in heaven and on earth. Alternate translation: “I am everywhere, both in the heavens and on the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	23	25	efh2			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
JER	23	25	z8fx	figs-abstractnouns		0	prophesying deceit	The word “deceit” can be expressed as an adjective or an adverb. Alternate translation: “prophesying deceit things” or “prophesying deceitfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	23	25	aqc3	figs-metonymy		0	in my name	This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. See how you translated this phrase in [Jeremiah 14:14](../14/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	23	25	ax5f	figs-explicit		0	I had a dream!	They meant that this dream was from God. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I had a dream from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	23	26	ud78	figs-rquestion		0	How long will this go on, prophets who prophesy lies from their minds, and who prophesy from the deceit in their hearts?	Yahweh asks this question to emphasize that this is something that should not continue. Alternate translation: “This should not continue, prophets declaring lies which they themselves have made up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	23	26	acr3	figs-doublet		0	prophesy lies from their minds … prophesy from the deceit in their hearts	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the false prophets made up their prophesies. Alternate translation: “prophesy things that come only from their own minds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	23	27	z1ge	figs-metonymy		0	forget my name … forgot my name	Here the word “name” refers to the whole being of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “forget me … forgot me” or “forget who I am … forgot who I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	23	27	ph7r	figs-metonymy		0	in favor of Baal’s name	Here “Baal’s name” refers to the god Baal. Alternate translation: “leading my people to worship Baal instead of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	23	28	uu8f			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
JER	23	28	nf21	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	23	29	cmi2	figs-rquestion		0	Is not my word like fire?…and like a hammer that shatters a rock into pieces?	Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that his word is much more powerful than the words of mere men. In that way, his word is like fire or a hammer. Alternate translation: “My word is powerful like fire … and powerful like a hammer that shatters a rock into pieces.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	23	30	s9jd			0	I am against	Alternate translation: “I am opposed to”
JER	23	30	za3e			0	steals words from another person	This implies that the false prophets are thieves. They are so evil that they take each other’s messages without permission rather than make up their own false messages.
JER	23	31	fj9k			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
JER	23	31	eh6r			0	See	This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention”
JER	23	31	cyr7	figs-metonymy		0	who use their tongues	Here “tongues” is a metonym for the ability to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	23	33	a291			0	General Information:	In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible.
JER	23	33	c2ph			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
JER	23	33	rek5	figs-you		0	asks you … you will say	These two instances of “you” are singular and refer to Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER	23	33	t7eb			0	What is the burden of Yahweh?	Here “burden” means a message or prophecy from Yahweh.
JER	23	33	smx4	figs-you		0	You are the burden … cast you off	These two instances of “you” are plural and refer to the false prophets and the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER	23	33	gg8m	figs-metaphor		0	You are the burden	Here “burden” means a heavy load. This is a metaphor that means they annoy Yahweh and he no longer wants to put up with them. Alternate translation: “You are a burden that I am tired of carrying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	23	33	ct8x	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	23	34	dnw7			0	This is the burden of Yahweh	Here “burden” means a message or prophecy from Yahweh.
JER	23	34	zc9i	figs-metonymy		0	his house	Here “house” is a metonym for the family that lives inside it. Alternate translation: “his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	23	35	x255			0	General Information:	In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible.
JER	23	35	lj8n			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
JER	23	35	m2dm			0	You continue to say…‘What did Yahweh declare?’	It may be helpful to reorder this sentence. Alternate translation: “Each person continues to ask his neighbor and his brother, ‘What did Yahweh answer?’ and ‘What did Yahweh declare?’”
JER	23	36	c4en			0	But you must no longer talk about the ‘burden of Yahweh,’ for the burden is every man’s own word, and	This could mean: (1) both instances of “burden” mean “message.” Alternate translation: “You must no longer call your visions the ‘burden of Yahweh’ because they are really only every man’s own words, and” or (2) the first ‘burden’ means “message” and the second means “heavy load.” Alternate translation: “You must no longer talk about the ‘message of Yahweh’ because the words that each of you speak are what is a ‘heavy load.’ In this way”
JER	23	36	ppq7			0	you have perverted the words … our God	To “pervert” something is to twist or distort it. Alternate translation: “you have changed the message of the living God, Yahweh of hosts, our God, to say what you want it to say and not what God said”
JER	23	37	ntt4			0	General Information:	In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible.
JER	23	37	pg4g			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh completes his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
JER	23	37	u96b	figs-you		0	This is what you will say	Here “you” is singular and refers to Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER	23	38	da5b	figs-you		0	But if you say … Because you have said … when I sent to you … You will not say	All of these instances of “you” are plural and refer to the priests and false prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER	23	39	uyp8			0	therefore, behold	“therefore, pay attention.” This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows.
JER	23	39	w43s	figs-metaphor		0	I am about to pick you up and throw you away from me	Yahweh speaks of sending these priests and false prophets into exile as if they were an object that he was going to throw far away. Alternate translation: “I am about to drive you away from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	23	39	u7cv	figs-you		0	pick you up … throw you … I gave you	All of these instances of “you” are plural and refer to the priests and false prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER	23	39	ad6n			0	the city that I gave you	This refers to Jerusalem.
JER	23	40	bq3w	figs-you		0	insult on you	This instance of “you” is plural and refers to the priests and false prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER	23	40	t2qe			0	I will put everlasting shame and insult on you that will not be forgotten	“I will cover you with shame that will last forever and insult that you will never forget” or “I will cause people to make fun of you forever. People will never forget that you were disgraced.” Yahweh speaks of the humiliation of the priests and false prophets as if he would put shame and insult on them like clothing.
JER	23	40	p6n8	figs-activepassive		0	that will not be forgotten	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	24	intro	fru9			0		# Jeremiah 24 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The exiles are blessed and the others punished<br><br>God will bless the people who were taken away into Babylon but punish the people left in the land because they still did not repent and turn to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
JER	24	1	dy22			0	me	All instances of this pronoun refer to Jeremiah.
JER	24	1	gh4c			0	Behold	The word “Behold” here shows that Jeremiah saw something interesting.
JER	24	1	mx54	writing-background		0	This vision happened … them to Babylon	This part of the story is used to provide historical information to show when the events of the happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER	24	1	gms2			0	craftsmen	people skilled at building things
JER	24	1	i6yi			0	metalworkers	people skilled at creating things out of metal
JER	24	2	yn27	figs-activepassive		0	they could not be eaten	These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one could eat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	24	3	wk1l	figs-activepassive		0	they cannot be eaten	These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one could eat them … no one can eat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	24	4	th8u	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to me, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	24	5	bn7y	figs-idiom		0	I will look on the exiles of Judah for their benefit	Here “look on” is an idiom that means Yahweh will take care of them. Alternate translation: “I will take good care of the exiles of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	24	5	vt5h	figs-simile		0	just like these good figs	The good figs represent those Judean exiles sent to the land of Chaldea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	24	6	p9np	figs-metonymy		0	I will set my eyes on them for good	Here “set my eyes” means he will see them. Seeing them is a metonym for caring for them. Alternate translation: “I will bless them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	24	6	i7sm	figs-parallelism		0	I will build them up, and not tear them down. I will plant them, and not uproot them	These two metaphors have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. Alternate translation: “I will help them to prosper in Chaldea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	24	6	pp2q	figs-metaphor		0	I will build them up, and not tear them down	Yahweh speak of the exiles as a building which Yahweh will build and not tear down. Alternate translation: “I will help them flourish in the land, and not ruin them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	24	6	whb1	figs-metaphor		0	I will plant them, and not uproot them	Yahweh speak of the exiles as plants which Yahweh will plant in good soil and not pull out. Alternate translation: “I will establish them in the land, and not remove them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	24	9	hi95	figs-doublet		0	I will turn them into a frightening thing, a disaster … a disgrace and a subject for proverbs, taunts, and curses	These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how thoroughly Yahweh will judge the people of Jerusalem. They will become something that will frighten other people when they see it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	24	10	f8lu			0	I will send out sword, famine, and plague against them	Alternate translation: “I will kill them with war, famine and sicknesses”
JER	24	10	j4rn	figs-metonymy		0	I will send out sword	Here “sword” refers to war or enemy armies. Alternate translation: “I will send enemy armies” or “I will send out war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	24	10	k2as	figs-personification		0	sword, famine, and plague	These things are spoken of as if they were living things that could attack the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	24	10	l4fs			0	they are destroyed from the land	Alternate translation: “none of them remain in the land”
JER	25	intro	uf7k			0		# Jeremiah 25 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 25:30-38.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Seventy years<br><br>Babylon will rule over Judah for seventy years. Because Yahweh is just, he will soon punish Babylon for their evil actions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br><br>Jeremiah uses the idiom of drinking the cup of wine of God’s punishment to say that Babylon will destroy all the surrounding nations and then be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	25	1	jgw9	figs-idiom		0	This is the word that came to Jeremiah	It is implied that the word that came to Jeremiah was from Yahweh. This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	25	1	a9rv	translate-ordinal		0	the fourth … the first	(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	25	3	q39g	translate-names		0	Amon	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	25	5	nw93	figs-metaphor		0	Let each man turn from his wicked way and the corruption of his practices	Jeremiah speaks of people who stop committing an action as if those people were turning away from that action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	25	5	xe34	figs-doublet		0	his wicked way and the corruption of his practices	The terms “wicked way” and “corruption of his practices” mean the same thing and refer to every sinful thing that they do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	25	5	jc1p			0	the corruption of his practices	Alternate translation: “his corrupt practices”
JER	25	6	yxs7	figs-metaphor		0	do not walk after other gods	Jeremiah speaks of a person being devoted to a god as if the person were walking behind the god. Alternate translation: “do not become devoted to other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	25	6	cgg6	figs-explicit		0	do not provoke him with the work of your hands	The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Here, the phrase **the work of your hands** could mean: (1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh with the idols that you have made” or (2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh by the things that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	25	7	fz11	figs-explicit		0	you have provoked me with the work of your hands to do harm to you	See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:6](../25/06.md). Here, the phrase **the work of your hands** could mean: (1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the idols that you have made with your hands” or (2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the things that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	25	7	t2s6			0	to do harm to you	Alternate translation: “so that I do harm to you”
JER	25	8	i8m8			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	25	9	rd1n			0	see	Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
JER	25	9	kxv7	figs-idiom		0	bring them against this land	The idiom to “bring … against this land” means that they will attack the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “bring them to attack this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	25	9	h39v	figs-idiom		0	I will set them apart for destruction	The idiom “set … apart for destruction” means to destroy something completely. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	25	9	h2cj	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will turn them into a horror	The word “horror” may be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I will turn them into something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	25	9	e1u4			0	an object for hissing	The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people will hiss”
JER	25	10	nzy3			0	millstones	These are two large, round stones used to grind grain.
JER	25	10	n68f			0	the sound of joy and sound of gladness, the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride	See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:34](../07/34.md).
JER	25	11	zyt1	figs-abstractnouns		0	all of this land will become a desolation and a horror	The words “desolation” and “horror” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I will cause this land to be desolate and something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	25	12	m9ye			0	when seventy years have been completed	Alternate translation: “after seventy years” or “after seventy years have passed”
JER	25	12	pua7	figs-abstractnouns		0	an unending desolation	The noun “desolation” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “desolate forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	25	13	dbu3	figs-activepassive		0	everything written in this book	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “everything that Jeremiah has written in this book” or “everything that one has written in this book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	25	14	tv7d	figs-metaphor		0	I will repay them for their deeds and the works of their hands	Yahweh speaks of punishing the people of the nations for what they have done as if he were paying them back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	25	14	l9f2	figs-doublet		0	their deeds and the works of their hands	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The idiom “the works of their hands” refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “everything that they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	25	15	uqa7	figs-metaphor		0	Take this cup of the wine of fury	Yahweh speaks of his extreme anger as if it were wine that fills a cup. Alternate translation: “Take this cup of wine that represents my fury” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	25	15	nl26	figs-metonymy		0	make all the nations … drink it	The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Yahweh speaks of people experiencing his fury as if they were to drink the wine that is in the cup. Alternate translation: “make all the people of the nations … drink the wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	25	16	y8ww	figs-metaphor		0	they will drink and then stagger about and rant madly	Yahweh speaks of the people being terrified about his fury as if they were drunk from drinking the wine from the cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	25	16	ftn1	figs-metonymy		0	before the sword that I am sending out among them	Here the word “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “because of the wars that I am causing to happen among them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	25	17	ti8x	figs-metaphor		0		This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	25	17	h4ut	figs-metonymy		0	I made all the nations … drink it	The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “I made all the people of the nations … drink the wine from the cup” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	25	18	a2nm			0	something terrifying	The adjective “terrifying” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “something that terrifies people”
JER	25	18	m6p4			0	an object for hissing and cursing	The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval. Both “hissing” and “cursing” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people hiss and which they curse”
JER	25	18	jbw1			0	they are at this present day	Here, this phrase could mean: (1) refers to the time when the book of Jeremiah was written and some time after Jeremiah had proclaimed this prophecy or (2) means that the things about which Jeremiah prophesies here have already started to happen.
JER	25	19	zv1x	figs-metaphor		0		This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	25	19	c8ay	figs-metonymy		0	Other nations also had to drink it	The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “People from other nations also had to drink the wine from the cup” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	25	20	lnv5			0	people of mixed heritage	This could mean: (1) people whose ancestors were from different people groups or (2) foreigners who lived in Egypt.
JER	25	20	y7a1	translate-names		0	Uz	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	25	22	q9z1	figs-metaphor		0		This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	25	22	e275			0	the sea	This is a reference to the Mediterranean Sea.
JER	25	23	ufe5	translate-names		0	Dedan, Tema, and Buz	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	25	23	ak9u			0	all the ones who cut the hair on the sides of their heads	This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “all the people who live on the edge of the wilderness.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 9:26](../09/26.md).
JER	25	23	dgh2			0	they also had to drink it	Alternate translation: “they also had to drink the wine from the cup”
JER	25	24	gv4u	figs-metaphor		0		This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	25	25	dg7i	translate-names		0	Zimri	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	25	26	kn4i	figs-idiom		0	everyone with his brother	This is an idiom that means every person, one after another. Alternate translation: “one after another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	25	26	f9h6	figs-metonymy		0	all of them had to drink the cup from Yahweh’s hand	Here “the cup” is a metonym for the wine that it contains. Alternate translation: “all of these people had to drink the wine from the cup in Yahweh’s hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	25	27	p9dl	figs-metaphor		0		This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	25	27	dq9j			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	25	27	v2lj	figs-metonymy		0	before the sword that I am sending among you	Here the word “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “before the wars that I am causing to happen among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	25	29	ut1e	figs-metonymy		0	the city that is called by my name	This refers to Jerusalem and can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the city that I have called by my name” or “Jerusalem, which I have called by my name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	25	29	xp4x	figs-rquestion		0	and should you yourselves be free from punishment?	Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people and to emphasize that he will certainly punish them. Alternate translation: “so do not think that you yourselves will be free from punishment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	25	29	xg8j	figs-metonymy		0	I am calling a sword against all the inhabitants of the land	Here the word “sword” represents war. Yahweh speaks of declaring war against the people as if he were calling a sword against them. Alternate translation: “I am declaring war against all the inhabitants of the land” or “I am bringing war against all the inhabitants of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	25	30	c55r	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh will roar	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh shouting very loudly as if he were roaring like a lion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	25	30	l53r	figs-metonymy		0	from the heights	This phrase is a metonym for heaven. Alternate translation: “from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	25	30	x8nc	figs-metaphor		0	he will roar mightily against his fold	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as if he were a lion and his people were a flock of sheep. The people will be helpless when Yahweh comes to punish them, as sheep are helpless when a lion attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	25	30	ct53			0	those who tread the grapes	This refers to people who crush grapes in a winepress with their feet in order to make wine.
JER	25	31	fjq3	figs-idiom		0	to the ends of the earth	This is an idiom that means the farthest places on the earth. By referencing both ends, it refers to everywhere in between. Alternate translation: “to the farthest places on the earth” or “to everywhere on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER	25	31	ytv7	figs-metonymy		0	on all flesh	Here the word “flesh” represents humanity. Alternate translation: “on all mankind” or “on all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	25	31	luq6	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	25	32	gee1			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	25	32	vv51			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER	25	32	zv4e	figs-personification		0	disaster is going out from nation to nation	Yahweh speaks of great disasters happening in each nation as if “disaster” were a person who goes from nation to nation. Alternate translation: “great disasters are going to happen in one nation after another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	25	32	dfh9	figs-metaphor		0	a great storm is beginning from the farthest parts of the earth	Here, this metaphor could mean: (1) Yahweh speaks of Babylonian army and the destruction that it will cause as if it were a great storm or (2) Yahweh speaks of his great anger as if it were a great storm that causes much destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	25	33	nd4h	figs-activepassive		0	those killed by Yahweh	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those whom Yahweh killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	25	33	zab4	figs-merism		0	will on that day extend from one end of the earth to the other	By mentioning both ends of the earth, this phrase represents everywhere in between those ends. Alternate translation: “will on that day cover the entire earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER	25	33	gm43	figs-activepassive		0	they will not be mourned, gathered, or buried	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will mourn them, gather them, or bury them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	25	33	brq6	figs-simile		0	They will be like dung on the ground	The bodies are compared to dung on the ground to emphasize that they will be disgusting and that no one will bury them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 16:4](../16/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	25	34	i7rd	figs-metaphor		0	shepherds	Yahweh speaks of the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who are responsible for protecting and caring for the people, who, implicitly, are spoken of as if they are the sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	25	34	tec2	translate-symaction		0	Roll about in the dust	This is a sign of sorrow, mourning or distress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER	25	34	ufa1	figs-metaphor		0	you leaders of the flock	This phrase also refers to the leaders of Israel who are responsible to care for the people, who are spoken of as if they were a flock of sheep. Alternate translation: “you leaders of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	25	34	chn4	figs-irony		0	for the days of your slaughter have come	Usually it is the sheep that are slaughtered, but here Yahweh says that he will slaughter the shepherds. The word “slaughter” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “for the time has come for me to slaughter you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	25	34	cj7k	figs-metaphor		0	you will be scattered when you fall like fine pottery	Yahweh speaks of the leaders of Israel being destroyed as if they are pieces of pottery that shatter when they fall to the ground. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will fall like fine pottery and your shattered pieces will scatter on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	25	36	taa7	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh is destroying their pastures	Yahweh speaks of the nation in which the leaders think that they live peacefully as if it were the “pastures” in which they care for the sheep (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	25	37	n1fc	figs-metaphor		0	So the peaceful pastures will be devastated	Yahweh continues to speak of the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds. Here he speaks of the nation as the “pastures” in which they think they live peacefully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	25	37	nz1v	figs-activepassive		0	the peaceful pastures will be devastated because of Yahweh’s fierce anger	This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will devastate the peaceful pastures because of he extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	25	38	gc84	figs-metaphor		0	Like a young lion, he has left his den	Yahweh punishing his people in his extreme wrath is spoken of as if Yahweh were a lion who leaves his den in search of prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	25	38	tr4c	figs-abstractnouns		0	their land will become a horror	The word “horror” may be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “their land will become something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	25	38	ef4f			0	the oppressor’s anger	This refers to the anger of Israel’s enemies.
JER	26	intro	m6jw			0		# Jeremiah 26 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The people want to kill Jeremiah<br><br>The people wanted to kill Jeremiah but other people intervened and said that they should listen to Jeremiah and repent. They represent the remnant of the faithful Jews. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
JER	26	1	hc6c	figs-idiom		0	this word came from Yahweh, saying	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 18:1](../18/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This message came from Yahweh. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	26	1	v8wh	figs-explicit		0	this word came from Yahweh, saying	It can be stated clearly who Yahweh gave this message to. Alternate translation: “this word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	26	2	f1ff	figs-metaphor		0	cities of Judah	The word “cities” is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “people from the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	26	2	aun6			0	Do not cut short any word!	Alternate translation: “Do not leave anything out from what I have told you!”
JER	26	3	x43j	figs-metaphor		0	each man will turn from his wicked ways	Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “each man will stop his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	26	3	v13u			0	so I will relent concerning the disaster	This is conditional destruction. If Judah repents, God will not destroy but heal them.
JER	26	3	ig56			0	the wickedness of their practices	Alternate translation: “the wicked way that they live” or “the wicked things that they do”
JER	26	6	vka9	figs-simile		0	then I will make this house like Shiloh	Yahweh had destroyed a place of worship at Shiloh, and he was threatening to destroy this place of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	26	6	qd3h	figs-metonymy		0	I will turn this city into a curse	What Yahweh would turn the city into is a metonym for what people would use the city for. Alternate translation: “I will make this city so that people will ask me to destroy others the way I have destroyed this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	26	6	w3q2			0	in the sight of all the nations on earth	Alternate translation: “so that all the nations on earth can see me do it”
JER	26	7	id3z			0	Yahweh’s house	the temple
JER	26	8	zr32			0	all the people seized him and said, “You will certainly die!	This could mean: (1) The people chose to believe the lie of false peace and did not want to be confronted with the truth, or (2) the people believed the other prophets proclaiming peace and saw Jeremiah as a false prophet who should be stoned for leading the people astray.
JER	26	9	sb1y	figs-rquestion		0	Why have you prophesied … inhabitant?	This rebuke can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have prophesied … inhabitant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	26	10	kp6h			0	the New Gate	the name of the gate through which people went into the temple
JER	26	11	n24j			0	you heard with your own ears	Alternate translation: “you heard”
JER	26	12	m8sc			0	this house and this city	Alternate translation: “the people who worship in Yahweh’s temple and those who live in the city of Jerusalem”
JER	26	13	u7ib	figs-doublet		0	your ways … your practices	These two phrases mean almost the same thing. Alternate translation: “the things you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	26	13	u76z	figs-synecdoche		0	listen to the voice of Yahweh	The voice is a synecdoche for the person, and the same word can be translated “listen” or “obey.” Alternate translation: “obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	26	14	kr6k	figs-doublet		0	Do to me what is good and right in your eyes	The words “good” and “right” mean the same thing. The eye is a metonym for the person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “Do to me whatever you think is the right thing to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	26	15	r93l	figs-metonymy		0	you are bringing innocent blood on yourselves and on this city and its inhabitants	Blood is a metonym for violent death, and to bring blood on someone is to make them guilty of violent death. Alternate translation: “you are making yourselves and this city and its inhabitants guilty of the violent death of an innocent person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	26	15	cu9w	figs-doublet		0	this city and its inhabitants	These are two ways of speaking of the same people, perhaps first as a group and then as individuals. The city is a metonym for the people in the city. Alternate translation: “all the people in the city and every one of the people who live here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	26	15	mi1q	figs-metonymy		0	for your ears	The ear is a metonym for what the ear hears. Alternate translation: “for you to hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	26	16	jf98	figs-metonymy		0	in the name of Yahweh our God	The person’s name is a metonym for his authority. Alternate translation: “with the authority of Yahweh our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	26	18	z8nb	translate-names		0	General Information:	See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]
JER	26	18	t6dn			0	Morashite	a person from the town or region of Moresheth
JER	26	18	az6u			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	26	18	pi1j	figs-metaphor		0	Zion will become a plowed field … and the hill of the temple will become a thicket	“Zion” and “the hill of the temple” refer to the same place. When a farmer plows a field, he turns over all the dirt and uproots all the plants that are growing there. A thicket is so full of bushes that no one can use it for anything. These two metaphors cannot be literally true at the same time, but they emphasize that Yahweh will allow the invaders to completely destroy the temple area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	26	19	qp3q	figs-rquestion		0	Did Hezekiah … put him to death?	The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. Alternate translation: “You know very well that Hezekiah … did not put him to death.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	26	19	pa6c	figs-metonymy		0	all of Judah	The land is a metonym for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	26	19	vxq8			0	Did he not fear Yahweh and appease the face of Yahweh … them?	The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. Alternate translation: “You know very well that he feared Yahweh and appeased the face of Yahweh so that Yahweh … them.”
JER	26	19	gxw9	figs-synecdoche		0	appease the face of Yahweh	The face is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “cause Yahweh to be less angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	26	19	fc9w	figs-rquestion		0	So will we do greater evil against our own lives?	The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. The word “lives” is a metonym for the people. Alternate translation: “If we kill Jeremiah, we will do greater evil against our own lives.” or “We do not want to do worse things to ourselves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	26	20	vwh1			0	Connecting Statement:	Jeremiah stops telling about his own life and begins telling about what happened to another prophet.
JER	26	20	lp4c			0	Meanwhile there was	Alternate translation: “While what I was just telling you about was happening, there was”
JER	26	20	dij2	figs-metonymy		0	prophesied against this city and this land	The words “city” and “land” are metonyms for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “prophesied that bad things would happen to the people who lived in this city and this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	26	21	m5dp			0	heard his word	Alternate translation: “heard what he said”
JER	26	22	pux5			0	Connecting Statement:	This is the end of the story of Uriah.
JER	26	22	q88r	translate-names		0	Elnathan … Akbor	men’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	26	23	dgv1			0	corpse	dead body
JER	26	24	d2pc	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of Ahikam … was with Jeremiah	The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. Ahikam was not a soldier, so he probably was able to talk to people and change their minds. Alternate translation: “Ahikam … was able to help Jeremiah” or “Ahikam … was able to keep the people from harming Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	26	24	t71n	translate-names		0	Ahikam … Shaphan	men’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	26	24	y6jk	figs-metonymy		0	he was not given into the hand of the people to be put to death	The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Ahikam did not allow the people to have the power to put Jeremiah to death” or “the people could not kill Jeremiah because Ahikam did not give them the power to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	27	intro	ka54			0		# Jeremiah 27 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The nations should serve Babylon<br><br>Jeremiah told the king of Judah, and all the surrounding nations, to serve the Babylonians and live in their land. If they refused, Babylon would take them as captives to another land.
JER	27	2	w3cz			0	fetters	things that keep a person from moving freely
JER	27	3	ak1w			0	Then send them out	This seems to mean that Jeremiah was to send a set of fetters and yoke to each king listed. But some versions of the Bible translate this as “Then send out messages.”
JER	27	3	tkx8	figs-synecdoche		0	Send them by the hand of those kings’ ambassadors who … Judah	The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “Have those kings’ ambassadors, who … Judah, take them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	27	4	tqe7			0	Give commands to them for their masters	Jeremiah was instructed to give a set of chains and yoke to each ambassador and a message for each king regarding the chains and yoke.
JER	27	4	ujr8			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	27	5	si5k	figs-idiom		0	by my great strength and my raised arm	The phrase “raised arm” refers to great power and intensifies the first phrase. Alternate translation: “by my very great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	27	5	yla5			0	I give it to anyone who is right in my eyes	Another possible meaning is “I give it to anyone I want to.”
JER	27	6	p2p5	figs-metonymy		0	I … am giving all these lands into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar … servant	The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises, and the word “lands” is a metonym for the people who live in those lands. Alternate translation: “I … am putting the people who live in all these lands under the power of Nebuchadnezzar … servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	27	7	j598	figs-explicit		0	the time for his land comes	You may need to make explicit the nature of the time. Alternate translation: “the time for me to destroy his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	27	7	q3bv	figs-metonymy		0	subdue him	Here “him” refers to Nebuchadnezzar who represents the kingdom of Babylon. Alternate translation: “will defeat Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	27	8	p98j	figs-metaphor		0	that does not put its neck under the yoke of the king	Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal on to the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. Alternate translation: “and whose people do not willingly become slaves of the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	27	8	e21c	figs-metonymy		0	I have destroyed it by his hand	The hand here could be a metonym for Nebuchadnezzar’s power, or it could be a metonym for Nebuchadnezzar’s armies. Alternate translation: “I have used Nebuchadnezzar’s power to destroy it” or “I have enabled Nebuchadnezzar’s armies to destroy i” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	27	9	vwe7			0	soothsayers	people who say what will happen in the future
JER	27	11	l1up	figs-metaphor		0	the nation that places its neck under the yoke of the king	Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal onto the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 27:8](../27/08.md). Alternate translation: “the nation whose people willingly becomes slaves of the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	27	11	hi97			0	the nation that places	The nation here is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “the nation of people who place”
JER	27	11	w1tr			0	cultivate	This means to prepare and use land to grow food crops
JER	27	11	eq6b			0	make their homes in it	Alternate translation: “make their homes in their own land”
JER	27	12	s392			0	Place your necks under the yoke of the king of Babylon	Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal onto the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. See how similar words were translated in [Jeremiah 27:8](../27/08.md).
JER	27	12	gls2	figs-you		0	Place your necks	The word “your” refers to Zedekiah and the people of Judah and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER	27	13	dl31	figs-rquestion		0	Why will you die … king of Babylon?	Jeremiah uses this question to warn the king that his actions will lead to his death. Alternate translation: “For if you do not do this, you will surely die … king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	27	14	dre5			0	Do not listen to the words	Yahweh is warning the people about all the false prophets that he did not send and that are lying to them.
JER	27	15	xb8h	figs-metonymy		0	they are prophesying deceit in my name	The phrase “in my name” represents speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. Here these prophets claim that they received their message from Yahweh, but that had not. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **deceit**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “deceiving.” Alternate translation: “they say they are speaking for me when they prophesy, but they are deceiving you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	27	15	qnt1			0	I will drive you out	Alternate translation: “I will force you to leave your home country”
JER	27	16	cbz7	figs-activepassive		0	The objects belonging to Yahweh’s house are being returned from Babylon now!	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People are bringing back all the gold items that they took from Yahweh’s temple!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	27	17	sk8y	figs-rquestion		0	Why should this city become a ruin?	Yahweh uses a question to warn the people. Alternate translation: “You can keep this city from becoming a ruin if you do what Yahweh wants you to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	27	18	a925	figs-hypo		0	If they are prophets, and if the word of Yahweh has truly come to them, let them beg	This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh knows is not true. Alternate translation: “If they were prophets, and if the word of Yahweh had truly come to them, they would beg” or “Because they are not prophets and the word of Yahweh has not truly come to them, they will not beg” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER	27	18	p374			0	if the word of Yahweh has truly come to them	The phrase “word of Yahweh” refers to messages from God. Alternate translation: “if Yahweh has truly given them messages” or “if Yahweh truly spoke messages to them”
JER	27	18	tay8	figs-123person		0	the word of Yahweh … beg Yahweh of hosts not	Yahweh is speaking of himself in third person. Alternate translation: “my word … be me, Yahweh of hosts, not” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	27	18	ej1m			0	the house of the king of Judah	The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace where the king lived. Alternate translation: “the palace of the king of Judah”
JER	27	19	sly4			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	27	19	mv9m			0	the pillars, the large basin known as “The Sea” and its base	These were objects that were in the temple. “The Sea” was a large bronze bowl.
JER	27	20	x7ff			0	Jehoiachin	The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
JER	27	21	x7vp			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	27	21	trv4			0	the house of the king of Judah	The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace there the king lived. Alternate translation: “the palace of the king of Judah”
JER	27	22	s56l	figs-activepassive		0	They will be brought to Babylon	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will bring them to Babylon” or “I will bring them to Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	27	22	au73	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	27	22	jjc7			0	I will bring them up	The reader should understand that Yahweh will have people carry them up.
JER	28	intro	r9mb			0		# Jeremiah 28 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### False prophecies continue<br><br>A false prophet prophesied that the captives would return from Babylon with all the temple vessels. Jeremiah told the false prophet that he would die that year for prophesying lies, and he did die. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
JER	28	1	eue8			0	General Information:	Hananiah claims to speak for God.
JER	28	1	uk8e	translate-hebrewmonths		0	in the fourth year and the fifth month	This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. This was after Zedekiah had been king for three years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	28	1	i5s1	translate-names		0	Azzur	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	28	2	nwh3			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	28	2	aar4	figs-metaphor		0	I have broken the yoke imposed by the king of Babylon	Hananaiah speaks of the people being in slavery as if they were oxen on which the Babylonians had put yokes to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I have made it so you are no longer slaves of the king of Babylon” or “I have set you free from slavery to the king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	28	4	p8wn			0	Jehoiachin	The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
JER	28	4	g5wx	figs-activepassive		0	who were sent	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom I sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	28	6	jm3q			0	May Yahweh confirm the words that you prophesied	Alternate translation: “May Yahweh prove you have prophesied truly”
JER	28	8	kgg7			0	The prophets who existed before me and you from long ago	Alternate translation: “The prophets who lived long ago before you and I”
JER	28	9	v7cm	figs-activepassive		0	then it will be known that he is indeed a prophet sent out by Yahweh	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “then you will know that he is indeed a true prophet and that Yahweh has sent him out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	28	11	ski8			0	Just like this	Alternate translation: “Just as Hananiah has taken the yoke off Jeremiah’s neck”
JER	28	11	aj19	figs-metaphor		0	I will break from off the neck of every nation the yoke imposed by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon	Hananaiah speaks of the people being in slavery as if they were oxen on which the Babylonians had put yokes to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I will make it so all nations are no longer slaves of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” or “I will set every nation free from slavery to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	28	11	u45s	figs-metonymy		0	every nation	The word “nation” is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “the people of every nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	28	11	dg28	figs-activepassive		0	the yoke imposed by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the yoke that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has imposed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	28	11	ahp8			0	imposed	put on people
JER	28	12	qez4	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	28	13	k1s2			0	You broke a yoke of wood, but I will make instead a yoke of iron	Alternate translation: “You broke a weak yoke, but I will replace it with a yoke that you cannot break”
JER	28	14	u3bq			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	28	14	y7rs	figs-metaphor		0	I have placed a yoke of iron on the neck of all of these nations to serve Nebuchadnezzar	Yahweh speaks of making nations to be slaves of Nebuchadnezzar as if he were putting yokes on oxen to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I have made all of these nations slaves, and they will have to serve Nebuchadnezzar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	28	16	mdf5	figs-123person		0	you proclaimed rebellion against Yahweh	It is not clear why Yahweh speaks of himself by name. Alternate translation: “you urged people to rebel against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	28	17	gp9j	translate-hebrewmonths		0	In the seventh month	This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	29	intro	l6ne			0		# Jeremiah 29 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Two letters<br><br>Jeremiah sent a letter to Babylon telling the exiles to prepare for a long stay. A false prophet in Babylon wrote back to the chief priest telling him to punish Jeremiah. Even though Jeremiah had prophesied the exile, the Jews still did not believe him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])
JER	29	1	j1gt			0	sent out from Jerusalem	Alternate translation: “proclaimed from Jerusalem”
JER	29	1	kv6v			0	remaining elders	Alternate translation: “elders who were still alive”
JER	29	2	ici1			0	Jehoiachin	The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
JER	29	2	lph9			0	the queen mother	the king’s mother
JER	29	2	dd2l			0	high officials	Alternate translation: “very important officials”
JER	29	3	jx8m	figs-synecdoche		0	by the hand of Elasah	Jeremiah gave the scroll to Elasah so that Elasah could take it to Babylon. The reader should understand that Elasah probably put the scroll in a container to keep it safe as he traveled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	29	3	c79u	translate-names		0	Elasah … Shapan … Gemariah … Hilkiah	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	29	4	wj14			0	Yahweh of hosts, God of Israel, says this to all the captives	When people wrote letters in that society, they would write their name first, then the name of the person to whom they were writing, and then the main part of the letter. Yahweh speaks of himself by name as if he were writing the letter himself.
JER	29	4	zdg1			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	29	5	b9h6	figs-explicit		0	Build houses and live in them. Plant gardens and eat their fruit	Yahweh is telling them they will be there for a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	29	6	x2ss			0	take wives for your sons, and give your daughters to husbands	Parents commonly arranged their children’s marriages.
JER	29	7	e28z	figs-metonymy		0	Seek the peace of the city	The peace of the city is a metonym for the people living in peace. Alternate translation: “Do everything you can so the people of the city live in peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	29	7	y2ms			0	the city … its behalf … it is at peace	These words refer to the city of Babylon.
JER	29	8	ty27			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	29	8	uw13			0	you yourselves are having	Another possible meaning is “you are encouraging the prophets to have for you.”
JER	29	9	k591			0	they are prophesying deceitfully … I did not send them	This could mean: (1) these words refer to the prophets and diviners, not to the dreams or (2) “they are prophesying deceitfully” refers to the dreams, and “I did not send them” refers to the prophets and diviners.
JER	29	9	dl19	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	29	10	j5jj			0	you	the captive Israelites
JER	29	10	f7ht	translate-numbers		0	seventy years	“70 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JER	29	12	t5ie	figs-metonymy		0	you will call to me	Praying is spoken of as calling out with a loud voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	29	12	chj7	figs-explicit		0	I will listen to you	This implies that Yahweh will give them what they want. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	29	13	t4q8	figs-metonymy		0	you will seek me	Wanting to know what Yahweh requires is spoken of as trying to find where Yahweh is. Alternate translation: “you will want to do what I require you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	29	13	w17i			0	you will seek me with all your heart	Alternate translation: “you will be completely sincere when you seek me”
JER	29	14	wng6			0	I will bring back your fortunes	Alternate translation: “I will cause things to go well for you again” or “I will cause you to live well again”
JER	29	14	e84g	figs-activepassive		0	I caused you to be exiled	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I sent you into exile” or “I sent you to be exiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	29	15	mq78			0	General Information:	Jeremiah speaks to the captive Israelites.
JER	29	16	nxs3	figs-metonymy		0	the king who sits on the throne of David	Sitting on the throne is a metonym for ruling as king. Alternate translation: “the king who rules the Israelites as David did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	29	17	v7vj			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	29	17	c4i2			0	See	This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention”
JER	29	17	u8ah	figs-metonymy		0	I am about to send sword, famine, and disease on them	The word “sword” is a metonym for war. The sword, famine, and disease are spoken of as people who can obey Yahweh’s command to harm the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I am going to punish them by having them die in war, from hunger, and from illness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	29	17	u3lc	figs-simile		0	For I will make them like rotten figs that are too bad to be eaten	Rotten figs are useless because they cannot be eaten, and Yahweh sees no use for the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	29	18	pv3g			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Israel.
JER	29	18	c9s9			0	a horror, an object of curses and hissing, and a shameful thing	These words all share similar meanings and describe how the people of other nations will react when they see what Yahweh has done to the people of Judah.
JER	29	18	m2u4			0	hissing	the sound people make when they disapprove of something
JER	29	19	xg4e	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	29	20	n6ah			0	So you yourselves listen	Yahweh is now about to issue a command and wants them to pay attention. Alternate translation: “But as for you, listen carefully”
JER	29	21	hg4m	translate-names		0	Kolaiah … Maaseiah	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	29	21	li6x	figs-metonymy		0	who prophesy falsely to you in my name	Here “name” is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “liars who tell you that they are speaking my words to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	29	21	rtz1			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER	29	21	nlw5	figs-metonymy		0	I am about to put them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon	Here “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “I will allow Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon to conquer them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	29	21	rp45			0	before your eyes	Alternate translation: “where you can see him do it”
JER	29	22	bu5e	figs-activepassive		0	a curse will be spoken about these persons by all the captives of Judah in Babylon	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the captives of Judah in Babylon will say a curse about these persons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	29	22	d1hq	figs-euphemism		0	roasted	This word usually refers to cooking food over an open fire or in a pan, not to burning completely. This could mean: (1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “burned to death” or (2) the king’s men attached them to poles over the fire close enough that the fire would slowly kill them but far enough away that it would not totally consume their bodies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER	29	23	siu5	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	29	24	b1e4	translate-names		0	Shemaiah	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	29	24	zl7z	translate-names		0	Nehelamite	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	29	25	l5qk			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	29	25	atv3	figs-metonymy		0	in your own name	The word “name” refers to a person’s authority and reputation. Alternate translation: “based on your own authority and reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	29	25	p62k	translate-names		0	Maaseiah	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	29	26	x2p7	translate-names		0	Jehoiada	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	29	26	bf8u			0	stocks	a wooden frame that holds the feet, hands, or head of a person whom someone is punishing
JER	29	27	z9tj			0	General Information:	This finishes the letter by Shemaiah that he sent out to the people in Jerusalem.
JER	29	27	p5f5	figs-rquestion		0	why have you not rebuked Jeremiah of Anathoth … against you?	Shemaiah uses a rhetorical question to scold the people of Jerusalem for not rebuking Jeremiah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I want you to rebuke Jeremiah of Anathoth … against you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	29	28	v7fm	figs-explicit		0	he has sent to us	You may need to make explicit what it was that Jeremiah sent. Alternate translation: “he has sent a message to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	29	28	v3zf			0	Build houses and live in them, and plant gardens and eat their fruit	See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:5](../29/05.md).
JER	29	29	vih2			0	in the hearing of Jeremiah the prophet	“so that Jeremiah the prophet could hear him read it.” See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
JER	29	30	z78k	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	29	31	ysp9			0	Shemaiah the Nehelamite	See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 29:24](../29/24.md).
JER	29	32	h1dk	figs-nominaladj		0	the good	This can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER	29	32	q7ck	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	29	32	bs4i	figs-123person		0	he has proclaimed rebellion against Yahweh	It is not clear why Yahweh speaks of himself by name. Alternate translation: “he has urged people to rebel against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	30	intro	pf1y			0		# Jeremiah 30 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:5-24.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God promises restoration<br><br>Despite the prophesied punishment in this chapter, Yahweh promises to restore Judah. In addition to this, he also declares that he will ultimately restore Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>The author uses the term “Israel” in two different ways. He uses it in reference to the nation of Israel. He also uses it in reference to the people who used to inhabit the northern kingdom of Israel, namely the people group of Israel.
JER	30	1	f64q	figs-idiom		0	The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	30	3	iwm1			0	For look	“For listen carefully.” This phrase brings attention to what Yahweh is going to say next.
JER	30	3	s2us	figs-metaphor		0	days are coming … when I will restore the fortunes	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will restore the fortunes” or “there will be a time … when I will restore the fortunes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	30	3	db1t	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	30	3	xt2s			0	I will restore the fortunes of my people, Israel and Judah	“I will cause things to go well for my people, Israel and Judah, again” or “I will cause my people, Israel and Judah, to live well again.” See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
JER	30	4	m5dx	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	30	5	l2xq			0	We have heard	This could mean: (1) that these are the words of Yahweh referring to himself as “we.” Alternate translation: “I have heard” or (2) that these are the words of the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “You people of Jerusalem say, ‘We have heard”
JER	30	5	mej1			0	a trembling voice of dread and not of peace	This could mean: (1) “people cry out in dread because there is no peace” or (2) “you cry out in dread because there is no peace.”
JER	30	6	br85			0	Ask and see if a man bears a child	Alternate translation: “You know that no man has ever given birth to a child”
JER	30	6	t7ik	figs-simile		0	Why do I see every young man with his hand on his loins like a woman bearing a child? Why have all their faces become pale?	A woman about to give birth is in great pain and unable to do anything. The young men are so frightened that their bodies hurt, and they are unable to fight. Alternate translation: “The young men are holding their bellies like a woman giving birth; they all look sick because they are so afraid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	30	7	uva8	figs-metonymy		0	for Jacob, but he will be rescued from it	The name Jacob is a metonym for the man’s descendants. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the descendants of Jacob, but I will rescue them from it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	30	8	h8gt	figs-metaphor		0	I will break the yoke off your neck, and I will shatter your chains	Being a slave is spoken of as wearing a yoke like an animal and wearing chains like a prisoner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	30	9	zlx4	figs-123person		0	they will worship Yahweh their God … their king … over them	Yahweh continues speaking about the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “you will worship Yahweh your God … your king … over you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	30	9	qp76	figs-metonymy		0	David their king	This is a metonym for one of David’s descendants. Alternate translation: “a man descended from their King David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	30	10	ff1b	figs-metonymy		0	my servant Jacob … Israel	“Jacob” and “Israel” are the two names of the ancestor of the Israelites, and these names are metonyms for the Israelites. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob … you Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	30	10	ldb9	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	30	10	gri4			0	do not be dismayed	Alternate translation: “do not be discouraged”
JER	30	10	anv7			0	For see, I am	Alternate translation: “Listen carefully while I tell you why: I am”
JER	30	10	t49p	figs-abstractnouns		0	from the land of captivity	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **captivity**, you can express the same idea with the noun “captive.” Alternate translation: “from the place where they were captives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	30	10	zir5	figs-metonymy		0	Jacob will return … he will be secure	Jacob’s name is a metonym for his descendants. Yahweh speaks to Jacob as if he were speaking to another person. You may need to make explicit to where Jacob will return. Alternate translation: “Jacob will return to his own land … he will be secure” or “The descendants of Jacob will return … they will be secure” or “You descendants of Jacob will return … you will be secure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	30	10	f2gl			0	secure	Alternate translation: “safe”
JER	30	11	e618			0	where I have scattered you	Alternate translation: “where I have sent you”
JER	30	11	zng1	figs-euphemism		0	But I will certainly not put an end to you	“But I will not completely destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER	30	11	r6x7	figs-doublenegatives		0	will certainly not leave you unpunished	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “will certainly punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JER	30	12	fs7f	figs-metaphor		0	Your injury is incurable; your wound is infected	This means that Yahweh has punished them so severely that there is no one who can help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	30	13	k22x			0	There is no one to plead your case	Alternate translation: “There is no one who asks me to show you mercy”
JER	30	13	bxy1	figs-metaphor		0	no one to plead your case … no remedy for your wound	Yahweh has punished them so severely that there is no one who can help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	30	14	v4ha	figs-metaphor		0	All of your lovers	Yahweh describes the people of Israel as an unfaithful wife who takes lovers other than her husband. Here “lovers” refers to other nations. The Israelites allied with them and worshiped their gods instead of relying on Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	30	14	a26m			0	They will not look for you	Alternate translation: “They no longer want to be your friends”
JER	30	14	rir2	figs-metaphor		0	I have wounded you with the wound of an enemy	Yahweh has treated his people like he would treat his enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	30	14	b768	figs-metaphor		0	the discipline of a cruel master	Yahweh has treated his people like a cruel master would treat a rebellious slave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	30	14	m2nq			0	your innumerable sins	Alternate translation: “your sins, which are too many to count”
JER	30	15	q12y	figs-rquestion		0	Why do you call for help for your injury?	Yahweh asks a question here to make the people think about why they are asking him for help now. Alternate translation: “You are calling for help for your injury because you have disobeyed me.” or “Do not call for help for your injury.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	30	16	d7ma	figs-metaphor		0	So everyone who consumes you will be consumed	Destroying the nation is spoken of as consuming or eating it. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So those who destroy you, their enemies will destroy them” or “So I will destroy everyone who destroys you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	30	16	a2ze			0	have plundered … plunder	To plunder is to steal from peaceful people using violence, and plunder is what people steal.
JER	30	16	i8dj			0	despoiling … spoil	To despoil here is to take items from an enemy one has defeated, and the items one takes are the spoil.
JER	30	17	xdt5			0	healing … wounds	See how you translated these words in [Jeremiah 30:12](../30/12.md).
JER	30	17	wi66	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	30	17	bdr3			0	they called you: Outcast	An outcast is a person whom other people do not accept or allow to associate with them. Alternate translation: “they called you: Rejected” or “they said, ‘Nobody wants you’”
JER	30	17	sg4l	figs-metonymy		0	No one cares for this Zion	The place name “Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in Zion. Alternate translation: “No one cares about the people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	30	18	bcm3			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
JER	30	18	q3jx	figs-metonymy		0	I am about to bring back the fortunes of Jacob’s tents and have compassion on his homes	The places where people live are metonyms for the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “I am about bring back the fortunes of the descendants of Jacob, and I will have compassion on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	30	18	c7w1			0	I am about to bring back the fortunes of Jacob’s tents	“I will cause things to go well for the people in Jacob’s tents again” or “I will cause the people in Jacob’s tents to live well again.” See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
JER	30	18	di2a	figs-activepassive		0	Then a city will be built on the heap of ruins	This can be translated in active form. You may need to make explicit that the city they will build will be Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Then they will rebuild Jerusalem on its ruins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	30	19	rrl4			0	Then a song of praise and a sound of merriment will go out from them	Alternate translation: “Then they will sing songs of praise and joy”
JER	30	19	hbg1			0	for I will increase them and not diminish them	Alternate translation: “I will cause them to increase in number, not to become fewer”
JER	30	19	z7qu	figs-activepassive		0	so they will not be humbled	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one will humble them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	30	20	tnn9	figs-activepassive		0	their assembly will be established before me	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will establish them as a people before me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	30	21	nyu6	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translates this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	30	23	u8p2	figs-metaphor		0	See, the tempest of Yahweh, his fury, has gone out	This speaks of God’s anger and punishment as if it were a storm. This emphasizes his power and ability to destroy wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	30	24	wc7x	figs-abstractnouns		0	his heart’s intentions	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **intentions**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “intends.” The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “what he intends to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	31	intro	r3ad			0		# Jeremiah 31 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 31:1-6, 8-22, 35-37.<br><br>The ULT sets 31:29 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is an important quotation.<br><br>This chapter begins with a transition from the previous chapter. “At that time” is a reference to the day of restoration mentioned in [Jeremiah 30:24](../../jer/30/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The new covenant<br><br>This chapter is an important teaching regarding the new covenant. God will make a new covenant that will bring forgiveness of sins and a desire to obey God. Scholars disagree about whether this new covenant has begun. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Israel<br>In this chapter, Jeremiah uses the term “Israel” in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole. He also uses it in reference to the northern kingdom of Israel and their people group.
JER	31	1	p3h6	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	31	2	ht7e	figs-idiom		0	The people who have survived the sword have found favor in the wilderness	The phrase “found favor” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “While the people who have survived the sword have been in the wilderness, I have had grace on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	31	2	ml2j	figs-metonymy		0	who have survived the sword	The word “sword” is a metonym for war. Alternate translation: “who have survived the war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	31	2	kc9p			0	wilderness; I will go out to give rest to Israel	Another possible meaning is “wilderness, where Israel went out to find rest.”
JER	31	3	egs4	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh appeared to me	Jeremiah speaks of himself as if he were the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	31	3	rmr8	figs-abstractnouns		0	I have drawn you toward myself with covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “I have been faithful to my covenant and brought you near to me” or “I have faithfully loved you and brought you near to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	31	4	bv1q	figs-activepassive		0	I will build you up again so you will be built	Yahweh purposefully repeats the idea that he will build Israel to emphasize it. If your language can only use active verbs and has some other way to emphasize the idea, you may want to use it here. Alternate translation: “I will build you up again. Remember this: I will build you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	31	4	bt11	figs-personification		0	virgin Israel	It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. However, “virgin” makes a person think about a young woman who has never married and so has never had the opportunity to be faithless to her husband. Therefore, calling Israel a virgin is an ironic use of language. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:13](../18/13.md). Alternate translation: “Israel, who falsely pretends to be fully devoted to me” or “my faithless people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER	31	4	v1aw	translate-unknown		0	tambourines	musical instruments with heads like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JER	31	7	n6rl	figs-apostrophe		0	Shout … Shout … Let praise be heard … Say	Yahweh is speaking in an apostrophe to all people of the world, so these verbs are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JER	31	7	g2zs			0	the chief people of the nations	Alternate translation: “the most important people group of all the nations” or “the people group that is more important than any other”
JER	31	7	hu9h	figs-activepassive		0	Let praise be heard	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Cause everyone to hear your praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	31	8	y2x1			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER	31	8	jg4x			0	to bring them	Alternate translation: “to bring the Israelite people”
JER	31	9	ai7p			0	I will lead them as they make their pleas	Yahweh will lead them and they will be praying to Yahweh. Some ancient versions read, “Yahweh will lead them and will comfort them.”
JER	31	9	v75t	figs-metaphor		0	I will be a father to Israel, and Ephraim will be my firstborn	Here “Ephraim” is another name for “Israel.” Alternate translation: “I will be like a father to the people of Israel, and they will be like my firstborn child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	31	9	gg9d			0	my firstborn	The firstborn had special honor and responsibility.
JER	31	10	n8v4	figs-pronouns		0	Hear … Report	Yahweh is speaking to the nations, so these verbs are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JER	31	10	dc3t	figs-pronouns		0	The one who scattered Israel is gathering her up and keeping her	Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were someone else, and he speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a helpless woman. Alternate translation: “I caused my people Israel to be scattered among the nations, but now I am bringing them home and keeping them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	31	10	pyt3	figs-simile		0	as a shepherd keeps his sheep	A shepherd cares for and protects his sheep, and Yahweh is promising to care for and protect the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	31	11	t3xt	figs-parallelism		0	For Yahweh has ransomed Jacob and has redeemed him from the hand that was too strong for him	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that it is Yahweh who has rescued the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh has rescued the people of Israel from their enemy who was too strong for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	31	12	x6vs	figs-metaphor		0	on the heights of Zion	“on Zion, the high place” or “on Mount Zion.” Being on top of a hill is a metaphor for being happy. If your language associates mountain tops with sadness, it would be best to leave out the metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	31	12	s2y2	figs-simile		0	like a watered garden	This means they will be strong and healthy, and they will prosper. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	31	12	d4iw	figs-hyperbole		0	they will never again feel any more sorrow	The world “never” is a generalization. The Israelites will almost always feel joy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER	31	13	f4jc			0	I will change their mourning into celebration	The abstract nouns “mourning” and “celebration” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to mourn no longer but instead to celebrate” or “I will make it so they are no longer sad but happy”
JER	31	13	z18g			0	I will change	Alternate translation: “Yahweh will change”
JER	31	14	v9rm	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will saturate the lives of the priests in abundance	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **abundance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “many good things.” The lives of the priests are spoken of as if they were a field that would become completely wet when much rain falls on it. Life is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “I will give the priests all the good things they would like” or “I will satisfy the priests with good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	31	14	yp3m	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	31	15	gfw6	figs-activepassive		0	A voice is heard in Ramah	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I hear a voice in Ramah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	31	15	qr6k	figs-metonymy		0	It is Rachel weeping for her children	Rachel was the wife of Jacob/Israel and was the mother of the tribes of Joseph and Benjamin. Her name is a metonym for the women of Israel who are crying because the Babylonians have killed their children or taken them away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	31	15	iel2	figs-activepassive		0	She refuses to be comforted over them, for they live no longer	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “She will not let anyone comfort her, for her children are dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	31	16	sw6x	figs-personification		0	Hold your voice back from weeping and your eyes from tears	The voice and eyes are spoken of as if they were people whom Rachel needed to keep from moving. Alternate translation: “Stop weeping aloud and stop crying tears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	31	16	m4pv	figs-you		0	Hold your voice … your eyes … your work … your children	Yahweh is speaking to the Israelites as if he were speaking to Rachel ([Jeremiah 31:15](../31/15.md)), so all instances of “your” and the commands are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER	31	16	n1bx	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	In both instances of this phrase, Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	31	17	v8ly	figs-you		0	your future … your descendants	Yahweh is speaking to the Israelites as if he were speaking to Rachel ([Jeremiah 31:15](../31/15.md)), so all instances of “your” and the commands are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER	31	18	we7q	figs-metonymy		0	I have certainly heard Ephraim sorrowing	Ephraim was the ancestor of the largest tribe in Israel. His name is a metonym for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “I have certainly heard the descendants of Ephraim sorrowing” or “I have certainly heard the people of Israel sorrowing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	31	18	mfd1	figs-parallelism		0	You punished me, and I have been punished	The speaker repeats the phrase to show either that Yahweh punished him severely or that Ephraim learned what Yahweh wanted to teach him through punishing him. The words “I have been punished” can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You punished me. Yes, you punished me severely” or “You punished me, and I learned from you when you punished me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	31	18	s9qf	figs-simile		0	I have been punished like an untrained calf	When people train calves, they strike them and otherwise cause them to suffer. Yahweh had caused the people of Israel to suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	31	18	pay9			0	punished	Another possible meaning is “disciplined.”
JER	31	19	ip4s	figs-idiom		0	I slapped my thigh	in grief. If people use a different phrase or action in your language to show that they are very sad, you may want to use it here. Alternate translation: “I rubbed my brow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER	31	19	p5xj	figs-doublet		0	I was ashamed and humiliated	The words “ashamed” and “humiliated” mean basically the same thing and intensify the idea of shame. Alternate translation: “I was completely ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	31	20	lm82	figs-rquestion		0	Is not Ephraim my precious child? Is he not my dear, delightful son?	Yahweh is speaking tenderly, trying to comfort the people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind these questions as statements. Alternate translation: “Ephraim is my precious child. He is my dear, delightful son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	31	20	y1a8	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	31	21	t8m8	figs-pronouns		0	Place road signs for yourself … Set up guideposts for yourself … Set your mind … you should take … Come back	These commands and instances of “yourself” and “your” and “you” are addressed to “virgin Israel” and so are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JER	31	21	kbs3	figs-metaphor		0	Come back, virgin Israel!	God is referring to a changed Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	31	22	w4vz	figs-rquestion		0	How long will you waver, faithless daughter?	Yahweh is telling his people that he is becoming impatient with them because they are not obeying him. Alternate translation: “Do not hesitate to start obeying me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	31	22	ix8p	figs-metaphor		0	waver	This could mean: (1) be unable to decide what to do or (2) often go off the correct path, a metaphor for disobeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	31	22	gt15	figs-idiom		0	new on earth—a woman surrounds a strong man	This could mean: (1) the people will be so safe that women will not need anyone to protect them or (2) this is an idiom for something no one would ever expect. Alternate translation: “new on earth—something as strange as a woman protecting a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	31	23	i697			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	31	23	glu1	figs-explicit		0	the people	Here this refers to the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	31	23	v46w	figs-apostrophe		0	May Yahweh bless you, you righteous place where he lives, you holy mountain	Jerusalem is on the top of a hill, and the temple was built at the highest point in Jerusalem. AT; “May Yahweh bless those who live in Jerusalem with Yahweh, where his temple is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	31	23	w9bz			0	you holy mountain	Mount Zion, where the temple had stood
JER	31	24	w96e	figs-metonymy		0	Judah and all its cities will live together there	The name of the man Judah is a metonym for the land on which his descendants, the people of the tribe of Judah, live, and the cities of Judah are spoken of as if they were the family of the man Judah, all of them living “there,” in the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “it will be as if the land were a house in which Judah lived with his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	31	24	r4wa			0	as will farmers and those who set out with flocks	Alternate translation: “and farmers and those who set out with flocks will also live there”
JER	31	24	ycz6			0	those who set out with flocks	people who take care of sheep and goats
JER	31	26	fc1y			0	had been refreshing	Alternate translation: “had refreshed me”
JER	31	27	nmn8			0	Look	Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen”
JER	31	27	hzy4	figs-metaphor		0	days are coming … when I will sow	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will sow” or “there will be a time … when I will sow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	31	27	u22q	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	31	27	h4zz	figs-metonymy		0	I will sow the houses of Israel and Judah with the descendants of man and beast	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the people of Israel and the people of Judah. The house in turn is spoken of as if it were a field in which Yahweh would sow seed, and the people and the animals they raise for food, milk, and skins are spoken of as if they are that seed. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Israel and Judah to become many people with many animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	31	28	k8da			0	I kept them under surveillance in order to uproot them	Alternate translation: “looked for ways to uproot them”
JER	31	28	i6nn			0	uproot … tear them down … overthrow … destroy	See how you translated these ideas in [Jeremiah 1:9](../01/09.md).
JER	31	28	ha61	figs-metaphor		0	in order to build them up and to plant them	Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a house or a food crop. Alternate translation: “in order to make them strong and many” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	31	29	h14f	writing-proverbs		0	Fathers have eaten sour grapes, but the children’s teeth are dulled	These words are a proverb that Jeremiah heard people say when they were complaining that Yahweh was punishing children for the sins of their fathers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
JER	31	29	cx2i			0	sour grapes	This could mean: (1) grapes with too much acid in them or (2) grapes that are not ripe. If grapes are not part of your culture, you may want to use a general word for fruit.
JER	31	29	ic1b			0	teeth are dulled	Use the common words in your language for how people’s mouths feel when they eat sour or unripe fruit.
JER	31	30	uyf9			0	For each man will die in his own iniquity	Alternate translation: “For each man will die because of his own sins”
JER	31	30	pl7f	writing-proverbs		0	everyone who eats sour grapes, his teeth will be dulled	Jeremiah restates the proverb so that it now means people will suffer as a consequence of their own behaviors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
JER	31	31	tl76			0	Look	Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am going to tell you”
JER	31	31	kz1m	figs-metaphor		0	days are coming … when I will establish	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will establish” or “there will be a time … when I will establish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	31	31	wtb3	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	31	31	d1xu	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	31	31	q554	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	31	32	nqk6	figs-metaphor		0	I took them by their hand	as a loving husband would hold the hand of his wife as they walk (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	31	33	j6dq	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	31	33	bkt8	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	31	33	bf4z	figs-parallelism		0	I will place my law within them and will write it on their heart	These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh’s law will become a part of them, rather than merely written on stone. Here “heart” represents “emotions” or “mind.” Alternate translation: “My law will be part of their thoughts and emotions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	31	34	qvg2	figs-merism		0	from the smallest of them to the greatest	This phrase refers to every person, from the least important to the most important. Alternate translation: “every single one of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER	31	36	l19t	figs-hypo		0	Only if these permanent things vanish … will Israel’s descendants ever stop from forever being a nation	This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh never expects to truly happen. Alternate translation: “These permanent things will never vanish … and Israel’s descendants will never stop from forever being a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER	31	36	rfl3	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	31	37	z5ud	figs-hypo		0	Only if the highest heavens can be measured, and only if the earth’s foundation below can be discovered, will I reject all of Israel’s descendants	This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh never expects to truly happen. Alternate translation: “The highest heavens can never be measured, and the earth’s foundation below can never be discovered, and I will never reject all of Israel’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER	31	37	yx41	figs-merism		0	the highest heavens … earth’s foundation	These phrases refer to the whole of creation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER	31	37	ejs7	figs-activepassive		0	the earth’s foundation below can be discovered	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone can dig all the way down to the earth’s foundation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	31	37	p28t			0	foundation below	“deepest part.” The “foundation” is the part of a house on which every other part rests.
JER	31	37	l43y			0	reject	throw away or refuse to take
JER	31	37	j9cp	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	31	38	s6ck	figs-metaphor		0	days are coming … when the city will be rebuilt	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … the city will be rebuilt” or “there will be a time … when the city will be rebuilt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	31	38	nfv8	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	31	38	g1l1	figs-activepassive		0	the city will be rebuilt for me	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will rebuild the city for me” or “I will have them rebuild the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	31	38	nd1w	translate-names		0	Tower of Hananel … Corner Gate	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	31	39	pz74	translate-names		0	hill of Gareb … Goah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	31	40	bf2f	figs-activepassive		0	The whole valley … will be set apart for Yahweh	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “They will set apart the whole valley … for me” or “I will have them make the whole valley … holy for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	31	40	z7hx	translate-names		0	Kidron Valley … Horse Gate	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	31	40	j8yq			0	set apart	Alternate translation: “made holy”
JER	31	40	gu9q	figs-metaphor		0	The city will not be pulled up or overthrown again	The city is spoken of as if it were a plant that someone could pull out of the ground or a building that someone could break down. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not allow anyone to pull up or overthrow the city again” or “No one will tear the city down or destroy it again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	32	intro	vcw6			0		# Jeremiah 32 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>The king should have listened to the prophet Jeremiah and repented of his sin. Instead, he objected to his message. Yahweh punished him because of this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>### Israel<br>The term “Israel” is used exclusively in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole in this chapter.
JER	32	1	xs6y	figs-idiom		0	This is the word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh	This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:2](../01/02.md) Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	32	1	mul1			0	in the tenth year of Zedekiah king of Judah, the eighteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar	Alternate translation: “after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for more than nine years and Nebuchadnezzar had been king for more than seventeen years”
JER	32	2	nkx2	figs-activepassive		0	Jeremiah the prophet was imprisoned	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they were keeping Jeremiah as a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	32	2	fp96	figs-123person		0	Jeremiah the prophet was imprisoned	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	32	2	ke5d			0	the courtyard of the guard at the house of the king of Judah	This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners.
JER	32	3	ih69	figs-metonymy		0	Zedekiah king of Judah had imprisoned him	It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Zedekiah do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	32	3	p2a2	figs-123person		0	had imprisoned him	Here “him” refers to Jeremiah. It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	32	3	x9qt	figs-rquestion		0	Why do you prophesy and say	Zekekiah uses a question to rebuke Jeremiah. Alternate translation: “It is wrong for you to continue prophesying and saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	32	3	sd28	figs-metaphor		0	I am about to give over this city into the hand of the king of Babylon	Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a small object that one person could give to another. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “I am about to put this city under the control of the king of Babylon” or “I am about to allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	32	3	r41w			0	he will capture it	It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people would help the king of Babylon take control of the city.
JER	32	4	ymp7	figs-metonymy		0	he will certainly be given into the hand of the king of Babylon	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will certainly put him under the control of the king of Babylon” or “I will certainly allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	32	4	jf8a	figs-synecdoche		0	His mouth will speak to the king’s mouth, and his eyes will see the king’s eyes	Here “mouth” and “eyes” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “Zedekiah himself will see and directly speak with Nebuchadnezzar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	32	5	h4hy	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	32	5	q8rv	figs-you		0	you fight	Here “you” is plural and refers to the people in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER	32	6	bkt2	figs-123person		0	Jeremiah said	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	32	6	js77	figs-idiom		0	The word of Yahweh came to me, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said, ‘Look” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me: ‘Look” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	32	7	d1sv	figs-quotations		0	‘Look, Hanamel son of Shallum your uncle is coming to you and will say, “Buy my field that is in Anathoth for yourself, for the right to buy it belongs to you.”’”	The long quotation that begins with the words “The word of Yahweh” in verse 6 ends here. You may translate this as indirect speech. Alternate translation: “Jeremiah said that the word of Yahweh had come to him and told him that Hanamel son of Shallum his uncle was coming to him and would tell him to buy his uncle’s field that was in Anathoth for himself, for the right to buy it belonged to Jeremiah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JER	32	7	z5u4	translate-names		0	Hanamel … Shallum	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	32	7	ane1	translate-names		0	Anathoth	This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	32	8	t71a			0	the courtyard of the guard	This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER	32	9	f1zz	translate-bmoney		0	seventeen shekels	A shekel is 11 grams. Alternate translation: “17 shekels” or “187 grams” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JER	32	10	yj4l			0	in a scroll and sealed it, and had witnesses witness it	This refers to the deed that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm that Jeremiah had purchased this land.
JER	32	10	mbq3			0	had witnesses witness it	Alternate translation: “had people watch me purchase the land so they could tell others that I had purchased the land”
JER	32	11	npr2	figs-activepassive		0	that was sealed	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I sealed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	32	11	sh86			0	unsealed deed	Alternate translation: “opened copy” or “the deed that did not have a seal on it”
JER	32	12	ta8p	translate-names		0	Baruch … Neriah … Mahseiah	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	32	12	f3bq			0	the courtyard of the guard	The open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER	32	13	i63i			0	before them	Here “them” refers to Hanamel, the witnesses, and the Judeans.
JER	32	14	la2y			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	32	15	g6gc	figs-activepassive		0	Houses, fields, and vineyards will again be bought in this land	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel will buy houses, vineyards and fields again in this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	32	16	puz1			0	the receipt of purchase	This means the sealed scroll and the unsealed scroll.
JER	32	17	xs6m	writing-background		0	Woe, Lord Yahweh! Look!	The word “woe” here indicates that in this prayer Jeremiah is sad, complaining or lamenting. The word “look” here indicates that the next words are an introduction or background for the most important part of the prayer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER	32	17	r8xl	figs-metonymy		0	by your great strength and with your raised arm	The phrase “raised arm” is a metonym for the strength of the arm, so the words “your great strength” and “your raised arm” form a doublet. Alternate translation: “by your great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	32	18	zsm3	figs-abstractnouns		0	You show covenant faithfulness to thousands	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “You are faithful to your covenant towards thousands” or “You keep your promise and faithfully love thousands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	32	18	cd54	figs-metonymy		0	pour the guilt of men into the laps of their children after them	The word “guilt” is a metonym for Yahweh punishing people because they are guilty of doing evil things. Yahweh punishing people is spoken of as if he were pouring a large container full of liquid or small objects into people’s laps as they sit. Alternate translation: “you punish children for the sins of their parents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	32	19	zh7i	figs-metonymy		0	for your eyes are open to all the ways of people	Open eyes are a metonym for what the person sees. How a person lives is spoken of as if he were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “You see everything that people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	32	19	jhc8	figs-abstractnouns		0	to give to each man what his conduct and deeds deserve	The abstract nouns “conduct” and “deeds,” which are similar in meaning, can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and will reward everyone according to how good or evil the things they do are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	32	20	ff83			0	You did signs and wonders in the land of Egypt	This refers to an event in the past when God used his power to free the people of Israel from slavery in Egypt.
JER	32	20	txa5			0	To this present day	Alternate translation: “To this day”
JER	32	20	v54d			0	among all mankind	Alternate translation: “among all people”
JER	32	20	nuz1	figs-metonymy		0	you have made your name famous	Here “name” refers to God’s reputation. Alternate translation: “you have made yourself famous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	32	21	yz8j	figs-metonymy		0	with a strong hand, with a raised arm	The phrase “strong hand” is a metonym for strength, and the phrase “raised arm” is a metonym for the strength of the arm, so the phrases “strong hand” and “raised arm” form a doublet. Alternate translation: “by your great strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	32	22	zm76			0	gave them	Alternate translation: “gave the people of Israel”
JER	32	22	m6c3	figs-metaphor		0	land flowing with milk and honey	“land where milk and honey flow.” God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 11:5](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	32	23	j41s	figs-metonymy		0	But they did not obey your voice	The voice is a metonym for the message the speaker gives. Alternate translation: “But they did not obey what you said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	32	24	r8nr	figs-metaphor		0	The siege mounds have reached up to the city to capture it	The large piles of dirt and rocks that the enemy built around the city so they could stand on them and attack it are spoken of as if they were the attackers themselves reaching out to capture the city. Alternate translation: “The enemy’s seige mounds are so close to the city that the enemy will be able to capture the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	32	24	y1cb	figs-metonymy		0	because of sword	The word “sword” is a metonym for war, where soldiers use swords. Alternate translation: “because soldiers will attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	32	24	b3n7	figs-abstractnouns		0	famine, and plague	These abstract nouns can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “people have no food to eat, and everyone is weak from being ill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	32	24	p2wr	figs-metonymy		0	the city has been given into the hand of the Chaldeans	Here “hand” means power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have given Jerusalem to the Chaldean army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	32	24	l673			0	happening, and see, you are watching	Alternate translation: “happening, as you can see very well”
JER	32	25	v7a7			0	have witnesses witness it	Alternate translation: “have people watch you purchase the land so they can tell others that you have purchased the land”
JER	32	25	fl8j	figs-activepassive		0	this city is being given	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am giving this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	32	26	m8wk	figs-idiom		0	The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	32	26	m9gx	figs-123person		0	came to Jeremiah	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	32	27	v6cp	figs-rquestion		0	Is anything too difficult for me to do?	Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he can do anything. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Nothing is too difficult for me to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	32	28	dcf6			0	See, I am about to give	Alternate translation: “Listen carefully! I am the one who will give”
JER	32	28	fb9t	figs-metonymy		0	give this city into the hand of the Chaldeans	Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a small object that he could put into a person’s hand. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand puts into action. Alternate translation: “put this city under the power of the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	32	29	s7dq			0	in order to provoke me	Alternate translation: “so that I would become very angry”
JER	32	30	r5j3	figs-metonymy		0	doing evil before my eyes	Here the metonym “eyes” represents what God sees. This could mean: (1) “doing what I consider evil” or (2) “doing evil knowing that I am watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	32	30	e1kb	figs-metaphor		0	since their youth	A person being young is a metaphor for the people of Israel first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: “from the time they were young” or “from the time that they became a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	32	30	qwp4	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	32	31	fxx2			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
JER	32	31	u2mt	figs-metonymy		0	this city has been a provocation of my wrath and fury since the day that they built it	Here “city” is a metonym for the people that live there. The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem have made me very angry since the day they built their city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	32	31	bcj1	figs-abstractnouns		0	has been a provocation of	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **provocation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “has been something that has provoked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	32	31	v1l3			0	It has been that right up to this present day	Alternate translation: “They continue to make me angry even now”
JER	32	31	hn3i	figs-personification		0	from before my face	The face is a metonym for the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “from my presence” or “completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	32	33	tx7l	translate-symaction		0	They turned their backs to me instead of their faces	One turns one’s face to someone to show that one is listening, and one’s back to show that one refuses to listen. Alternate translation: “Instead of listening carefully to me, they refused to listen at all” or “They refused to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER	32	33	lg6f			0	to receive correction	Alternate translation: “to learn how to act correctly”
JER	32	34	k9ry			0	their abominable idols	Alternate translation: “their idols which I hate”
JER	32	34	jn46	figs-activepassive		0	the house that is called by my name	Here “name” represents Yahweh. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the house that belongs to me” or “the building in which they worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	32	35	cau1			0	Valley of Ben Hinnom	See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md).
JER	32	35	x89j	figs-metonymy		0	It never entered my mind	Here “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “I never thought at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	32	36	y1ua	figs-you		0	which you are saying	Here “you” is plural. This could mean: (1) this refers to Jeremiah and those with him, or (2) it refers to all the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER	32	36	ag2w	figs-metonymy		0	It is given into the hand of the king of Babylon	Here “hand” means power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given it to the king of Babylon” or “Yahweh has given the king of Babylon the power to rule it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	32	37	j7yh			0	to gather them	Alternate translation: “to gather my people”
JER	32	37	d9i7	figs-doublet		0	wrath, fury, and great anger	All three words mean the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. Alternate translation: “extreme anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	32	37	h1sp			0	in security	Alternate translation: “where they are safe”
JER	32	39	q5cb	figs-metonymy		0	one heart and one way to honor me	The people of Israel will want to work together to honor Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	32	40	f7yh			0	an everlasting covenant	Alternate translation: “eternal agreement”
JER	32	40	xt5h			0	will not turn away from doing good	Alternate translation: “stop doing good”
JER	32	40	w44d	figs-metaphor		0	I will set honor for me in their hearts	Honor is spoken of as if it were a solid object put in a container from which no one can remove it. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to always honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	32	40	r8jy			0	so that they will never turn away from me	Alternate translation: “so that they will never stop obeying and worshiping me”
JER	32	41	diu3			0	doing good to them	Here “them” refers to the people of Israel.
JER	32	41	rwm9	figs-metaphor		0	I will faithfully plant them in this land	Yahweh speaks of having his people live in the land forever as if he were planting plants in a garden. Alternate translation: “I will permanently settle the Israelites in this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	32	41	j5ie	figs-doublet		0	with all my heart and all my life	Together, these two phrases form an idiomatic expression that refers to a person’s entire being. Alternate translation: “with all that I am” or “wholeheartedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	32	42	sj3m			0	I have brought all this great disaster on this people, so I will bring on them all the good things	Alternate translation: “I have caused all these bad things to happen to this people, and now I will cause the good things to happen to them”
JER	32	43	qct6	figs-activepassive		0	Then fields will be bought in this land	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then people will buy fields in this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	32	43	s9q4	figs-you		0	you are saying	Here “you” refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER	32	43	mhj8	figs-metonymy		0	It has been given into the hand of the Chaldeans	Here “hand” is a metonym for power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given it to the Chaldeans” or “Yahweh has given the Chaldeans power over it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	32	44	ytf6			0	write in sealed scrolls. They will assemble witnesses	The “sealed scrolls” are the deeds that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm the purchase.
JER	32	44	tg5c	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	33	intro	vtz5			0		# Jeremiah 33 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Covenant faithfulness<br>Despite the great punishment Judah is facing and Israel has undergone, there is hope. This hope is based in the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh. Ultimately, he will restore his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])
JER	33	1	zhp8	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
JER	33	1	rj9y	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah a second time, while he was … guard, saying,	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah a second time, while Jeremiah was … guard. He said,” or “While Jeremiah was … guard, Yahweh spoke this second message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	33	1	wa3r	figs-123person		0	came to Jeremiah	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	33	1	k2z4			0	he was still shut within	Alternate translation: “he was still a prisoner in”
JER	33	1	fe41			0	the courtyard of the guard	This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER	33	2	hz5q			0	who forms in order to establish	who creates things so he can make them exist forever
JER	33	4	g9p1	figs-activepassive		0	that are torn down because of the siege ramps and the sword	This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) the people tore the houses down to make walls to defend against the Chaldeans. Alternate translation: “that the people have torn down to defend against the siege ramps and the sword” or (2) Alternate translation: “the houses that the Chaldeans have torn down to make siege ramps so they can make war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	33	4	u2ec	figs-metonymy		0	the sword	This is a metonym for people dying violently when soldiers kill with swords. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	33	5	lp8r	figs-doublet		0	in my wrath and fury	The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: “in my extreme wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	33	5	czm7	figs-synecdoche		0	I hide my face	Yahweh is represented by his “face.” This phrase shows Yahweh’s displeasure with the city. Alternate translation: “I have turned away from you” or “I am no longer concerned with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	33	7	z3sl			0	I will bring back the fortunes of Judah and Israel	“I will cause things to go well for Judah and Israel again” or “I will cause Judah and Israel to live well again.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
JER	33	9	l5i7	figs-metonymy		0	this city … do for it … give to it	The city is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “the people who live in this city … do for the people who live there … give to the people who live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	33	9	t8ug	figs-metonymy		0	a song of praise and honor for all the nations of the earth	The word “song” is a metonym for the object about which people will sing the song. Alternate translation: “something about which all the people groups of the earth will sing songs of praise and honor to me, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	33	9	l75s	figs-hendiadys		0	they will fear and tremble	The hendiadys “fear and tremble” can be translated by a single verb. Alternate translation: “they will tremble with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
JER	33	9	i3fz			0	fear	Another possible meaning is “awe.”
JER	33	9	vmq7	figs-abstractnouns		0	because of all the good things and the peace that I will give to it	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **peace**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because of all the good things that I will give to it and because I will cause it to be peaceful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	33	10	k7wb	figs-parallelism		0	It is desolate, a place with neither man nor beast,” in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem that are desolate having neither man nor beast	These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that Judah has become desolate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	33	11	gf2i			0	the house of Yahweh	the temple in Jerusalem
JER	33	11	pi42	figs-metonymy		0	I will restore the fortunes of the land	The word “land” is a metonym for the people who live on the land. Alternate translation: “I will again cause things to go well for the people who live on the land” or “I will cause the people who live on the land to live well again” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	33	11	cg2k	figs-explicit		0	to what they were before	This refers to the time before the exile to Babylon. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “to what they were before I sent the Israelites into exile in Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	33	12	aqm5			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	33	13	w446	figs-explicit		0	the flocks will again pass under the hands of the ones counting them	This refers to the practice of a shepherd counting and inspecting his sheep as the sheep walked under his hand. Alternate translation: “shepherds will again count their sheep as the sheep walk by” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	33	14	z61y			0	Look	Alternate translation: “Listen carefully”
JER	33	14	rc5u	figs-metaphor		0	Days are coming … when I will do	Future time is spoken of as if the “Days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “In the future … I will do” or “There will be a time … when I will do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	33	14	jj5h	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	33	14	ed3q	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	33	14	r2n7	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	33	14	fsd5	figs-metonymy		0	Judah	This is a metonym for the people who live in Judah. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	33	15	y4wd	figs-doublet		0	In those days and in that time	The phrase “in that time” means the same thing as, and intensifies the phrase “In those days.” Alternate translation: “In those very days” or “At that very time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	33	15	hd8c	figs-metaphor		0	I will make a righteous branch to grow for David	Yahweh speaks of a descendant of David as if he were a branch off of a tree trunk. Alternate translation: “I will cause a righteous man to come from and bring glory to the line of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	33	15	c2sm	figs-metonymy		0	the land	the nation of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	33	16	yng7	figs-metonymy		0	Judah … Jerusalem	These towns’ names are metonyms for the people who live in the towns. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah … the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	33	16	sr7d	figs-activepassive		0	Judah will be saved	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will save Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	33	16	q5ei			0	Jerusalem will live in security	Alternate translation: “the people of Judah will be safe from their enemies”
JER	33	16	x44h	figs-metaphor		0	this is what she will be called	Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as if the town were a woman. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “this is what they will call her” or “this is what I will call the town” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	33	17	lnb8			0	A man from David’s line will never be lacking	Alternate translation: “There will always be a man from David’s line”
JER	33	17	d7da			0	A man from David’s line	a male descendant of King David
JER	33	17	pqu6	figs-metonymy		0	to sit on the throne of the house of Israel	The throne is a metonym for the king. Alternate translation: “to be king over the house of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	33	17	eml3	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	33	18	g9nx			0	nor will a man from the Levitical priests be lacking before me to raise burnt offerings	Alternate translation: “and there will always be a man from the Levitical priests to raise burnt offerings”
JER	33	18	i89e			0	raise burnt offerings	Alternate translation: “offer burnt offerings”
JER	33	19	w4dw	figs-idiom		0	The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	33	19	j1gw	figs-123person		0	to Jeremiah	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	33	20	s39s	figs-123person		0	Yahweh says	Yahweh is speaking of himself here. Alternate translation: “I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	33	20	f1mt	figs-hypo		0	If you can break … proper times	These words begin a hypothetical statement that describe a situation that will never occur. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER	33	21	u6sr	figs-hypo		0	then you will be able to break my covenant with David my servant	The hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If you can break my covenant … times,” in verse 20 ends here. No one can change day and night, and no one can change God’s covenant with David. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot break my covenant … times, so you know that you will never be able to break my covenant with David my servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER	33	21	x13t	figs-metonymy		0	to sit on his throne	The throne is a metonym for the king who sits on the throne. Alternate translation: “to rule the kingdom I have given to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	33	22	xip8	figs-simile		0	As the hosts of heaven cannot be counted, and as the sand of the seashores cannot be measured, so I will increase the descendants of David my servant and the Levites who serve before me	No one can count the stars in the sky or the sand on the seashore, and no one will be able to count the descendants of David and Levi who serve Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	33	23	ufu8	figs-idiom		0	The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	33	23	liq9	figs-123person		0	to Jeremiah	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	33	24	wv8q	figs-rquestion		0	Have you not considered what this people has declared when they said, ‘The … them’?	Yahweh wants Jeremiah to think deeply about what the people have said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have noticed what this people are really saying when they said, ‘The … them.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	33	24	k7ki			0	In this way they despise my people, saying … sight	Alternate translation: “What they are really saying is that my people are worthless and that my people will never again be a nation.”
JER	33	24	yua9	figs-metonymy		0	my people … are no longer a nation in their sight	Sight is a metonym for thinking. Alternate translation: “they no longer think of my people as a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	33	25	j74f	figs-hypo		0	If I have not established … and if I have not fixed	This is the beginning of a hypothetical statement that describes a situation that Yahweh never expects to be true.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER	33	26	x6zy	figs-hypo		0		The hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If I have not established the covenant” in verse 25 ends here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER	33	26	w9mt	figs-hypo		0	then I will reject … and not bring	The hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If I have not established the covenant” in verse 25 ends here. This is a situation that Yahweh never expects to be true. Alternate translation: “I have established the covenant … so I will never reject … and I will bring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER	33	26	z156			0	I will restore their fortunes	“I will cause things to go well for them again” or “I will cause them to live well again” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
JER	33	26	e4m9			0	show mercy to	Translate as “have compassion on” is translated in ([Jeremiah 30:18](../30/18.md)).
JER	34	intro	vkt9			0		# Jeremiah 34 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Law of Moses<br>According to the law of Moses, the people were required to free their indebted slaves after a period of time. The king led them in freeing their fellow Israelites whom they held as slaves, but later they changed their minds and enslaved them again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Actions with cultural meaning<br><br>When the people of Israel made a sacred promise to God, they cut a calf in two and passed between its parts. It was a very serious sin not to do what one had promised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	34	1	z8xz	figs-idiom		0	The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, when Nebuchadnezzar … her cities, saying:	This idiom “The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah when Nebuchadnezzar … her cities. He said,” or “When Nebuchadnezzar … her cities, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	34	1	d4fn	figs-123person		0	to Jeremiah	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name in this chapter. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	34	1	p1vd			0	waging war	Alternate translation: “fighting”
JER	34	1	qc7b	figs-metonymy		0	all of her cities	This refers to all the towns around Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	34	2	g3l2			0	to give this city	See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:28](../32/28.md)
JER	34	2	b3et	figs-metonymy		0	into the hand of the king of Babylon	Here the word “hand” is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “under the control of the king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	34	3	x3cf	figs-metonymy		0	You will not escape from his hand	Here the word “hand” is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “You will not escape from his control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	34	3	w4mj	figs-activepassive		0	you will certainly be seized and given	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonians will certainly seize you and give you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	34	4	uht1	figs-metonymy		0	You will not die by the sword.	The word “sword” is a metonym for dying in war. Alternate translation: “You will not die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	34	5	xn8v			0	the funeral burning of your ancestors	The people would burn spices in honor of people who had recently died. They did not burn the dead people’s bodies.
JER	34	5	x2la	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	34	7	lw71	translate-names		0	Lachish and Azekah	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	34	7	r9p7			0	These cities of Judah remained as fortified cities	Alternate translation: “the only fortified cities of Judah that the Babylonians had not yet captured”
JER	34	8	r2u9	figs-idiom		0	The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. However, the actual message does not begin until [Jeremiah 34:12](./12.md). See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke a message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	34	8	pb27			0	word	message
JER	34	8	us2n	writing-background		0	after King Zedekiah had made a covenant … freedom to them	These words begin to provide background information to events that will be described later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER	34	9	ka4p	writing-background		0	that each man … his brother	The background information that begins with the words “after King Zedekiah had made a covenant” in verse 8 ends here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER	34	10	l3j5			0	Connecting Statement:	Jeremiah continues giving the background information that began in [Jeremiah 34:8](../34/08.md).
JER	34	12	jbq2			0	Connecting Statement:	Jeremiah resumes the story from [Jeremiah 34:8](../34/08.md) after the background information of [Jeremiah 34:8-11](../34/08.md).
JER	34	12	pf6k	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Yahweh” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah: ‘Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	34	13	b8wy	figs-idiom		0	house of slavery	This is an idiom. “place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	34	14	x834			0	each man must send away his brother, his fellow Hebrew who had sold himself to you and served you	Alternate translation: “each of you must free any fellow Hebrews who sold themselves to you and have been your slaves”
JER	34	14	jnm6			0	Send him away in freedom	Alternate translation: “You must let them be free from serving you”
JER	34	14	gs8l	figs-metonymy		0	did not … incline their ears to me	To incline the ear, to lean the head toward the speaker so as to hear better, is a metonym for paying attention to what the speaker is saying. Alternate translation: “did not … pay attention to what I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	34	15	ryr7			0	Now you yourselves repented	Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JER	34	15	re32	figs-metonymy		0	right in my eyes	“Eyes” here is a metonym for someone’s opinion or idea. Alternate translation: “what I consider to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	34	15	x4yg	figs-activepassive		0	the house that is called by my name	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the house that belongs to me” or “the building in which they worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	34	16	r5d6	figs-metonymy		0	turned and polluted my name	A person’s name is a metonym for what people think of him. Alternate translation: “stopped doing what was right and did evil things that have made people think that I am evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	34	17	n7sg			0	So look!	Alternate translation: “Listen!” or “Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you!”
JER	34	17	b72s	figs-irony		0	I am about to proclaim freedom to you … freedom for the sword, the plague, and famine	Jeremiah uses irony to say that the “freedom” the people will enjoy will actually be suffering. Alternate translation: “I will proclaim misery to you … misery from the sword, the plague, and famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER	34	17	h19u			0	proclaim freedom to you	Alternate translation: “proclaim that you are free”
JER	34	17	n2mw	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	34	17	vx6q	figs-metonymy		0	sword	This is a metonym for soldiers who carry swords. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers to kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	34	17	eyz6	figs-metaphor		0	am going to make you a horrible thing in the sight of every kingdom on earth	Here “sight” represents judgment or evaluation. The word “kingdom” is a metonym for the people who live in the kingdom. Alternate translation: “I am going to make the people in every kingdom on earth think that you are horrible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	34	18	r9sg	writing-background		0	when they cut a bull … walked between its parts	These words begin to describe how the people established the covenant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER	34	18	cec2			0	established before me	Alternate translation: “agreed to with me” or “established while I was watching”
JER	34	19	lhx2	writing-background		0	and then the leaders … walked between the parts of the bull	The description of how the people established the covenant that began with the words “when they cut” in verse 18 ends here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER	34	20	xu7g	figs-metonymy		0	I will give them into the hand of their enemies	The word “hand” here is a metonym for the power or control that the enemies will exercise using their hands. AT; “I will allow their enemies to have complete control over them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	34	20	gan7	figs-euphemism		0	seeking their lives	This is a polite way to say that they wanted to kill them. Alternate translation: “seeking to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER	34	20	sjp1	figs-metonymy		0	into the hand of their enemies	Here the word “hands” represents control. Alternate translation: “to be conquered by their enemies” or “over to the control of their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	34	21	wl9t			0	risen up	Alternate translation: “come to fight”
JER	34	22	ug2t			0	bring them	bring the Babylonian armies
JER	35	intro	jt1x			0		# Jeremiah 35 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The Rechabites<br><br>The actions of the Rechabites contrasted with the actions of the Jews. The Rechabites obeyed the commands their ancestor had give while living in Canaan, but Judah did not obey Yahweh’s commands. Because the Rechabites were obedient, Yahweh preserved their clan. The Rechabites’ history is found in the book of Judges.
JER	35	1	pt2v	figs-idiom		0	The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh in the days … of Judah, saying,	The idiom “The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah in the days … of Judah. He said,” or “In the days … of Judah, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	35	1	x1f1	figs-123person		0	to Jeremiah	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	35	2	t4d9	translate-names		0	Rekabites	This is a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	35	2	dr1g			0	my house	the temple
JER	35	3	c47f	translate-names		0	Jaazaniah … Habazziniah	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	35	4	kb1e	translate-names		0	Hanan … Igdaliah … Maaseiah … Shallum	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	35	5	lxe8			0	Rekabites	See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 35:2](../35/02.md).
JER	35	6	plf8	translate-names		0	Jonadab … Rekab	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	35	7	ah95			0	live many days in the land	“live many years in the land.” “Days” refers to the span of time.
JER	35	8	ki9k	figs-metonymy		0	the voice of Jonadab	The word “voice” is a metonym for the command that Jonadab spoke. Alternate translation: “the command of Jonadab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	35	8	zh8r			0	all of our days	“as long as we live.” “Days” refers to the span of time.
JER	35	12	icr4	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Yahweh” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah: ‘Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	35	12	lq6r	figs-123person		0	to Jeremiah	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	35	13	ba4f			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	35	13	z2wy	figs-rquestion		0	Will you not receive correction and listen to my words?	Yahweh is telling Israel to listen carefully to his rebuke. Alternate translation: “You must certainly receive this correction and listen to my words.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	35	13	s8s7	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	35	14	k1yp	figs-activepassive		0	The words of Jonadab son of Rekab that he gave to his sons as a command, not to drink any wine, have been observed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The sons of Jonadab son of Rekab have observed their father’s command to not drink wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	35	14	mr7f	translate-names		0	Jonadab … Rekab	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	35	15	k88i	figs-metaphor		0	let no one walk any longer after other gods	Walking after a god is a metaphor for obeying the laws of that god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	35	17	xqh5			0	Look	This word tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows.
JER	35	18	a9b9	figs-123person		0	Jeremiah said	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	35	18	ijd5			0	Rekabites	This is the name of the people group. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 35:2](../35/02.md).
JER	35	18	i21g			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	35	18	nqf5			0	Jonadab	a man’s name. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 35:5](../35/05.md).
JER	35	19	ehq6			0	Jonadab … Rekab	These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [Jeremiah 35:5](../35/05.md).
JER	36	intro	f643			0		# Jeremiah 36 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Opposition to Jeremiah<br><br>Jeremiah wrote God’s prophesies on a scroll but the king burned it. It is possible that this action was intended to be understood as representing the definitiveness of these prophecies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
JER	36	1	w23y	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
JER	36	1	a3lh			0	It came about	“It happened.” This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER	36	1	v3ak	translate-ordinal		0	in the fourth year of Jehoiakim … king of Judah	Jehoiakim had been king of Judah for more than three years. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 25:1](../25/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	36	1	tg7j			0	that this word	The phrase “this word” refers to the message that follows.
JER	36	1	dr12	figs-123person		0	to Jeremiah	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	36	1	knl3			0	he said	Alternate translation: “Yahweh said”
JER	36	2	wmr2			0	every nation	Alternate translation: “all of the nations”
JER	36	2	ym8v			0	I have told from	Alternate translation: “I have told you from”
JER	36	2	k9kn			0	from the days of Josiah until this very day	Alternate translation: “from the time Josiah was king until today”
JER	36	3	iuw6			0	Perhaps the people	Alternate translation: “It is possible that the people”
JER	36	3	vkj1			0	to bring on them	Alternate translation: “to cause to happen to them”
JER	36	3	yk1m	figs-metaphor		0	his wicked way	Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:11](../18/11.md). Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	36	3	s9uw	figs-metonymy		0	forgive their iniquity and their sin	The words “iniquity” and “sin” are metonyms for the persons who commit iniquity and sin. Alternate translation: “forgive them for their iniquity and their sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	36	4	ff7m	figs-123person		0	Jeremiah called … at Jeremiah’s dictation … to him	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. Alternate translation: “I called … at my dictation … to me … I gave … I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	36	4	d5mh			0	Baruch wrote in a scroll, at Jeremiah’s dictation, all the words of Yahweh spoken to him	Alternate translation: “while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote in a scroll all of Yahweh’s words that Yahweh had spoken to Jeremiah”
JER	36	5	l4t5	figs-123person		0	Jeremiah gave … He said	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. Alternate translation: “I called … at my dictation … to me … I gave … I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	36	6	j3tt			0	read from the scroll	Alternate translation: “read out loud from the scroll” or “proclaim from the scroll”
JER	36	6	e6rd			0	must read	Alternate translation: “must read out loud” or “must proclaim”
JER	36	6	y6ch			0	in the hearing of the people in his house	“so that the people in Yahweh’s house can hear them.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
JER	36	6	ywi1			0	in the hearing of all of Judah who have come from their cities	“so all the people of Judah who have come from their cities can hear them.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
JER	36	7	jiw4			0	Perhaps their pleas	Alternate translation: “It is possible that their pleas”
JER	36	7	a6dv			0	their pleas for mercy will come before Yahweh	Alternate translation: “Yahweh will hear them plead for mercy and do as they ask”
JER	36	7	xtz1			0	their pleas for mercy	The word “their” refers to the people in the house of Yahweh and the people of Judah who had come to the house of Yahweh from their cities.
JER	36	7	kqx8	figs-metaphor		0	from his wicked way	Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:11](../18/11.md). Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	36	7	p71z			0	the wrath and fury	Alternate translation: “the anger and rage”
JER	36	9	tvk8			0	It came about	See how you translated this phrase in [Jeremiah 36:1](../36/01.md).
JER	36	9	fa5n	translate-hebrewmonths		0	in the fifth year and ninth month of Jehoiakim … king of Judah	This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of November and the first part of December on Western calendars. “after Jehoiakim … had been king of Judah for more than four years, during the ninth month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	36	9	mf4x			0	of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah	See how you translated this phrase in [Jeremiah 25:1](../25/01.md).
JER	36	9	ywy2			0	proclaimed a fast	Alternate translation: “told everyone that they were going to fast”
JER	36	10	v96d	figs-123person		0	Jeremiah’s words	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	36	10	g1m5	translate-names		0	Gemariah son of Shaphan	This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	36	10	t8dv			0	the scribe	Alternate translation: “who was a scribe”
JER	36	10	x7c1			0	by the gate of the entrance to the house of Yahweh	Alternate translation: “in the entrance of the new gate of the house of Yahweh”
JER	36	10	hp8u			0	He did this	He read aloud Jeremiah’s words.
JER	36	10	snx3			0	in the hearing of all the people	“where all the people could hear him.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
JER	36	11	f91c			0	Now	Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JER	36	11	wey5			0	Micaiah son of Gemariah son of Shaphan	Alternate translation: “Micaiah who was the son of Gemariah, who was the son of Shaphan”
JER	36	11	sn4i	translate-names		0	Micaiah	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	36	11	v211	translate-names		0	Gemariah son of Shaphan	See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:10](../36/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	36	12	kl3c			0	Look	Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am going to say”
JER	36	12	v5np	translate-names		0	Elishama … Delaiah	These are names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	36	12	z6c7	translate-names		0	Shemaiah	See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 26:20](../26/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	36	12	tbc8	translate-names		0	Elnathan son of Akbor	See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 26:22](../26/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	36	12	f6nh	translate-names		0	Zedekiah	See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	36	12	b566	translate-names		0	Hananiah	See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 28:1](../28/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	36	12	f2b4			0	all the officials	Alternate translation: “all of the other officials”
JER	36	13	c2d3			0	Micaiah	See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 36:11](../36/11.md).
JER	36	13	q1an			0	reported to them	The word “them” refers to officials in [Jeremiah 36:12](../36/12.md).
JER	36	13	xx8s			0	in the hearing of the people	“so that the people could hear” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
JER	36	14	u57c	translate-names		0	Jehudi … Nethaniah … Shelemiah … Cushi	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	36	15	u4gb			0	in our hearing	“so we can hear you read it” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
JER	36	15	td5p			0	read the scroll	Alternate translation: “read the scroll aloud”
JER	36	16	p6rk			0	It happened that	This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER	36	16	vym2			0	when they heard	The word “they” refers to the officials.
JER	36	16	n53p			0	all these words	the words that Baruch read aloud from the scroll
JER	36	17	ipi7			0	how did you come to write	Alternate translation: “how did you write”
JER	36	17	p4vi			0	at Jeremiah’s dictation	See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:4](../36/04.md).
JER	36	18	s4kx			0	dictated	Jeremiah spoke out loud so that Baruch could write down his words.
JER	36	18	pqp3			0	wrote them in ink	Alternate translation: “used ink to write them”
JER	36	18	is54			0	ink	a dark liquid that is used for writing
JER	36	19	zge9	figs-ellipsis		0	Jeremiah, too	You may need to make this a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “Jeremiah should hide himself, too” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	36	19	kih8	figs-you		0	where you are	The word “you” refers to Baruch and Jeremiah and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER	36	20	ddc1			0	So they	Alternate translation: “Then the officials”
JER	36	20	x5gj			0	put the scroll in the room of Elishama	Alternate translation: “put the scroll in the room of Elishama so it would be safe”
JER	36	20	b16g			0	Elishama the secretary	See how you translated “Elishama the scribe” in [Jeremiah 36:12](../36/12.md).
JER	36	20	nlt3			0	in the hearing of the king	“where the king could hear him” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
JER	36	21	rz17			0	Jehudi	See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 36:14](../36/14.md).
JER	36	22	xeh7			0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Jeremiah starts to tell a new part of the story.
JER	36	22	nd2u	translate-hebrewmonths		0	in the ninth month	This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. This is at the end of the sowing season and the beginning of the cold season. It is during the last part November and the first part of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	36	22	zw8h			0	a brazier was burning in front of him	Alternate translation: “the brazier was in front of him with a blazing fire”
JER	36	22	tf4p			0	a brazier	a fireplace that people can move
JER	36	23	sz7v			0	It happened that	This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER	36	23	z4cg			0	Jehudi	See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:14](../36/14.md).
JER	36	23	l2gf			0	columns	these are columns of words on the scroll
JER	36	23	ip73			0	would cut it off	Alternate translation: “would cut that part of the scroll off”
JER	36	23	gbu3			0	with a knife	Alternate translation: “using a scribe’s knife” or “using the kind of knife that scribes use”
JER	36	23	ar14			0	brazier	See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:22](../36/22.md).
JER	36	23	vjz5			0	until all of the scroll was destroyed	Alternate translation: “until the scroll was completely gone”
JER	36	24	s3et			0	all these words	the words from the scroll that Baruch wrote as Jeremiah dictated
JER	36	24	bgq6	translate-symaction		0	nor did they tear their clothes	People tore their cloths when they were extremely sad. Alternate translation: “nor did they mourn by tearing their clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER	36	25	ts8f			0	Elnathan, Delaiah, and Gemariah	See how you translated these names in [Jeremiah 36:12](../36/12.md).
JER	36	25	km58			0	urged the king	Alternate translation: “pleaded with the king”
JER	36	26	vne7	translate-names		0	Jerahmeel … Seraiah … Azriel … Shelemiah … Abdeel	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	36	26	uyd9			0	a relative	Alternate translation: “a relative of the king”
JER	36	26	d67a	figs-123person		0	Jeremiah the prophet … hidden them	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	36	27	h7zx	figs-idiom		0	Then the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah after … dictation, saying,	The idiom “The word of Yahweh came” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah after … dictation. He said,” or “After … dictation, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	36	27	i9hx	figs-123person		0	to Jeremiah … Jeremiah’s dictation	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	36	27	ksc8			0	at Jeremiah’s dictation	See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 36:4](../36/04.md).
JER	36	28	x9ye			0	Go back, take another scroll for yourself	Alternate translation: “Take another scroll for yourself again”
JER	36	28	m6mh			0	the original scroll	Alternate translation: “the first scroll”
JER	36	29	bf3y	figs-rquestion		0	Why have you written on it … beast in it’?	Jehoiakim uses this question to emphasize that Jeremiah should not have written that the king of Babylon would come and attack. Alternate translation: “You should not have written … beast in it!” or “You were wrong to write … beast in it’!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	36	29	ngk4			0	for he will destroy	Alternate translation: “and he will destroy”
JER	36	30	pl99	figs-metonymy		0	will ever sit on the throne of David	Sitting on the throne is a metonym for ruling as king. See how you translated “sits on the throne of David” in [Jeremiah 29:16](../29/16.md). Alternate translation: “will ever rule the Israelites as David did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	36	30	d7yi	figs-activepassive		0	your corpse will be thrown out	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will throw your dead body outside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	36	30	n16b			0	your corpse	Alternate translation: “your dead body”
JER	36	30	jp3b			0	into the heat of day	Alternate translation: “so that it is exposed to the dry heat of the daytime”
JER	36	30	ws5c			0	frost	ice that forms on grass during cold nights
JER	36	31	bvh4			0	of you all	Alternate translation: “of all of you”
JER	36	32	k5z6	figs-123person		0	Jeremiah took … Jeremiah’s dictation	Jeremiah speaks of himself by name for reasons that are not clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	36	32	k1wh	figs-abstractnouns		0	Baruch wrote on it at Jeremiah’s dictation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **dictation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 36:4](../36/04.md). Alternate translation: “while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	36	32	b4kt			0	burned by Jehoiakim king of Judah	Alternate translation: “that Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire”
JER	36	32	mev6	figs-activepassive		0	Furthermore, many other similar words were added to this scroll	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Furthermore, Jeremiah and Baruch added to this scroll many more words which were similar to the words that had been in the first scroll” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	37	intro	du3z			0		# Jeremiah 37 General Notes<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Ironic situation<br><br>Jeremiah was thrown into prison and beaten for prophesying the word of God. Then the king asked him, “Is there any word from Yahweh?” This is a type of irony. The king simply did not agree with God’s original word. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]])
JER	37	1	c5u8			0	Jehoiachin	The Hebrew text has “Coniah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
JER	37	2	vt3f			0	of the land	Alternate translation: “of the land of Judah”
JER	37	2	j785	figs-synecdoche		0	he proclaimed by the hand of Jeremiah the prophet	The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “he had Jeremiah the prophet proclaim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	37	2	crn1			0	he proclaimed	Alternate translation: “Yahweh proclaimed”
JER	37	2	t2q2			0	Jeremiah the prophet	Jeremiah refers to himself by name for reasons that are not clear.
JER	37	3	hw6v	translate-names		0	Jehukal	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	37	3	ynt3	translate-names		0	Shelemiah	See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 36:14](../36/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	37	3	f9qq			0	Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest	See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 21:1](../21/01.md).
JER	37	3	r1ds			0	on our behalf	“for us” or “for our sake.” The word “our” refers to King Zedekiah and the rest of the people of Judah.
JER	37	4	u9nx	writing-background		0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. The narrator tells background information about what Jeremiah had been doing before Zedekiah sent the message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER	37	4	qa7u	figs-idiom		0	Jeremiah was coming and going among the people	Here “coming and going” is an idiom that means he was free to move about. Alternate translation: “Jeremiah was able to go wherever he wanted with everybody else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	37	4	j14u	figs-activepassive		0	for he had not yet been put in prison	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “because no one had put him in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	37	5	m95i			0	came out	Alternate translation: “had set out”
JER	37	5	b9va			0	besieging	See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER	37	6	p84n	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah the prophet, saying,	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah the prophet. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah the prophet:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	37	7	y24f	figs-you		0	you will say	The word “you” refers to the two men that king Zedekiah had sent to Jeremiah, Jehukal son of Shelemiah, and Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER	37	7	wic9			0	to seek advice from me	The word “me” refers to Yahweh.
JER	37	7	g9p8			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER	37	8	xgj8			0	They will fight against this city, capture it, and burn it	Compare how you translated “to wage war against it and take it, and to burn it” in [Jeremiah 34:22](../34/22.md).
JER	37	9	egq8			0	Do not deceive yourselves	The word “yourselves” refers to King Zedekiah and the rest of the people of Judah.
JER	37	9	ppa5	figs-explicit		0	Surely the Chaldeans are leaving us	The people of Judah think that they will be safe because the Chaldeans had left. Alternate translation: “Surely we are safe because the Chaldeans are leaving us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	37	10	w4f5			0	they would get up	Alternate translation: “the wounded men would get up”
JER	37	11	gsm7			0	So it was	“It came about that.” This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER	37	12	n9nx			0	a tract of land	Alternate translation: “a piece of land” or “some land”
JER	37	12	kr6j			0	among his people	“among his relatives.” Jeremiah was from the town of Anathoth in the land of Benjamin ([Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md)).
JER	37	13	pfg7			0	Benjamin Gate	This is the name of the gate.
JER	37	13	t5gr	translate-names		0	Irijah	This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	37	13	w2f7	translate-names		0	Shelemiah	See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 36:14](../36/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	37	13	az9a	translate-names		0	Hananiah	See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 28:1](../28/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	37	13	uez4			0	deserting	escaping trouble and leaving people who need help
JER	37	14	asx2			0	deserting	This means escaping trouble and leaving people who need help.
JER	37	14	nwr4	translate-names		0	Irijah	See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 37:13](../37/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	37	14	q1jq			0	officials	See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:18](../01/18.md).
JER	37	15	s5cv	translate-numbers		0	Jonathan the scribe	“Jonathan, who was a scribe.” This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JER	37	16	c2h2	figs-activepassive		0	Jeremiah was put into an underground cell	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the officials put Jeremiah into a room that was under the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	37	17	h6f8			0	brought him	Alternate translation: “brought Jeremiah”
JER	37	17	x17c			0	his house	the palace of King Zedekiah
JER	37	17	s43j	figs-metonymy		0	You will be given into the hand of the king of Babylon	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 32:4](../32/04.md). Alternate translation: “I will certainly put you under the control of the king of Babylon” or “I will certainly allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	37	18	lu1a	figs-rquestion		0	How have I sinned against you … prison?	Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that he has not done anything wrong. Alternate translation: “I have not done anything wrong to you … prison.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	37	18	hq9m			0	this people	the people of the kingdom of Judah
JER	37	18	a64h			0	have placed	Alternate translation: “have put”
JER	37	19	utn2	figs-rquestion		0	Where are your prophets, the ones who prophesied … against this land?	Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that the other prophets were lying but that he had done nothing wrong because he had told the truth. Alternate translation: “Your prophets who prophesied … against this land were obviously wrong, but now it is clear that I was telling you the truth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	37	19	tq67			0	your prophets	The word “your” refers to King Zedekiah and the other people of the kingdom of Judah.
JER	37	19	gp83			0	will not come against you or against this land	Alternate translation: “will not attack you or attack this land”
JER	37	20	a8fv			0	Let my pleas come before you	“Hear me plead for mercy and do as I ask.” See how you translated “their pleas for mercy will come before Yahweh” in [Jeremiah 36:7](../36/07.md).
JER	37	20	e2hq			0	the house of Jonathan the scribe	“the house of Jonathan, who is a scribe.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:15](../37/15.md).
JER	37	21	pss2			0	the courtyard of the guard	This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER	37	21	s566	figs-activepassive		0	A loaf of bread was given him	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “His servants also gave Jeremiah a loaf of bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	37	21	v6xa			0	from the street of the bakers	Alternate translation: “from the street where the bakers worked”
JER	38	intro	eu3f			0		# Jeremiah 38 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Surrender and live<br><br>If the king obeyed God and surrendered to the Babylonians, he would be allowed to live and the city would not be burned. But if he refused, he would be captured and the city burned. This took faith that Yahweh was using this ungodly, Gentile nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])
JER	38	1	gl7q	translate-names		0	Shephatiah … Mattan, Gedaliah … Pashhur, Jehukal … Shelemiah … Pashhur … Malkijah	men’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	38	2	p2xn	figs-activepassive		0	Anyone staying in this city will be killed by sword, famine, and plague	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Anyone staying in this city will die by sword, famine, and plague” or “I will kill anyone staying in this city with sword, famine, and plague” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	38	2	izt9			0	He will escape with his own life	The one who surrenders to the Babylonians will escape alive, even though he will lose all his possessions. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 21:9](../21/09.md).
JER	38	3	f89i	figs-metonymy		0	This city will be given into the hand of the army of the king of Babylon	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will allow the army of the king of Babylon to conquer Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	38	3	u8f5			0	he will capture it	The reader should understand that others will help the king of Babylon capture the city. “his army will capture it”
JER	38	4	s9za			0	Let this man die	Alternate translation: “Order someone to kill this man”
JER	38	4	l3h5	figs-metonymy		0	he is weakening the hands of the fighting men who remain in this city, and the hands of all the people	Weak hands are a metonym for a person who is afraid. Alternate translation: “he is causing the soldiers and all the people in the city to lose courage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	38	4	lzh8			0	for this man is not working for safety for this people, but disaster	Alternate translation: “for Jeremiah is not working to help this people be safe, but he is working for bad things to happen to this people”
JER	38	5	xr6q			0	Look	Alternate translation: “Listen carefully”
JER	38	5	a92p	figs-metonymy		0	he is in your hand	The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand has. Alternate translation: “you are able do whatever you want with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	38	6	z9f6	figs-hyperbole		0	they … threw him into the cistern	They literally “lowered Jeremiah down on ropes,” but the word “threw” is an exaggeration to say that they treated him roughly. Your language may have another way of saying this. Alternate translation: “they … roughly pushed him into the cistern” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER	38	6	b4bv			0	cistern	a deep hole in the ground where people collect and store rain water
JER	38	6	rb8h			0	the courtyard of the guard	This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER	38	6	y2m2			0	They lowered Jeremiah down on ropes	This tells how “they threw him into the cistern.”
JER	38	7	jqm6			0	Now Ebed-Melek	The word “now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
JER	38	7	uc4i	translate-names		0	Ebed-Melek the Cushite	This is the name of a man from Cush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	38	7	lix8	writing-background		0	Now the king	Here the word “now” marks a break in the main story line where the narrator tells background information about what the king was doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER	38	7	kfm3	figs-idiom		0	sitting at the Benjamin Gate	King Zedekiah was probably hearing and judging legal cases. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	38	7	tch5			0	Benjamin Gate	This is an entrance into the city of Jerusalem that people named after Benjamin, Jacob’s son.
JER	38	10	ex3t	translate-numbers		0	thirty men	“30 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JER	38	11	d1k2			0	let them down by ropes	Alternate translation: “used ropes to lower them down”
JER	38	12	xa9e			0	under your arms and on top of the ropes	Alternate translation: “between your arms and the ropes”
JER	38	13	s46y			0	they pulled Jeremiah	Here the word “they” refers to some of the thirty men who were with Ebed-Melech.
JER	38	13	xs87			0	the courtyard of the guard	This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER	38	15	vvt7	figs-rquestion		0	If I answer you, will you not certainly kill me?	Jeremiah uses this question to express his belief that the king will kill him if he answers truthfully. Alternate translation: “If I tell you the truth, you will certainly kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	38	16	cjp9	figs-idiom		0	As Yahweh lives, the one who made us	“as surely as Yahweh, the one who made us, is alive.” This is a way of making a solemn promise. The king says it to emphasize that what he is about to say next is true. See how you translated “As Yahweh lives” in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear by Yahweh, the one who made us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	38	16	yv2m	figs-metonymy		0	I will not … give you into the hand of those men	Here the word “hand” refers to the men’s control or power. Alternate translation: “I will not … allow those men to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	38	16	q87t	figs-metaphor		0	seeking your life	This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. See how this phrase is translated in [Jeremiah 11:21](../11/21.md). Alternate translation: “trying to kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	38	17	p9k7	figs-metonymy		0	God of Israel	The name of the people group is metonym for the people of that group. Alternate translation: “God of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	38	17	kku6	figs-activepassive		0	this city will not be burned	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonian army will not burn this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	38	18	gja5	figs-activepassive		0	this city will be given into the hand of the Chaldeans	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 38:2](../38/02.md). Alternate translation: “I will allow the Chaldeans to conquer this city” or “I will allow the Chaldeans to do whatever they want with this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	38	18	fbz5	figs-metonymy		0	you will not escape from their hand	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “you will not escape from their power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	38	19	m4jz			0	deserted	escaped trouble and left people who needed help. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:13](../37/13.md).
JER	38	19	i4pf	figs-activepassive		0	I might be given over into their hand	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Chaldeans might put me under the control of the people of Judah who have deserted” or “the Chaldeans might allow the people of Judah who have deserted to do whatever they want with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	38	19	r1ze			0	for them to treat me badly	Here the word “them” refers to the people of Judah who have deserted.
JER	38	20	x9uy	figs-you		0	They will not give you over to them	“The Chaldeans will not give you over to the Judeans.” Here “you” refers to Zedekiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JER	38	21	b1pi			0	this is what Yahweh has shown me	Here the word “this” refers to what Jeremiah will say next.
JER	38	22	z6cx	figs-activepassive		0	All the women who are left … will be brought out to the officials of the king of Babylon	The reader should understand that the officials will take these women as slaves. Alternate translation: “Soldiers will bring all the women who are left … out to the officials of the king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	38	22	ndr9	figs-activepassive		0	You have been deceived by your friends	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your friends have deceived you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	38	22	jgf2	figs-metaphor		0	Your feet are now sunk into the mud	The king is now helpless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	38	23	dti7	figs-activepassive		0	For all of your wives and children will be brought out to the Chaldeans	The reader should understand that the officials will take these people as slaves. Alternate translation: “Soldiers will bring your wives and children out to the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	38	23	k3p7	figs-metonymy		0	will not escape from their hand	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “will not escape from their power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	38	23	x21i	figs-metonymy		0	You will be captured by the hand of the king of Babylon, and this city will be burned	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. The reader should probably understand that many people will help the king do this. Alternate translation: “The army of the king of Babylon will capture you and will burn the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	38	26	l1fb			0	Jonathan	See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 37:15](../37/15.md).
JER	38	27	e9tl	figs-abstractnouns		0	the conversation between Jeremiah and the king	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **conversation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what Jeremiah and the king said to each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	38	28	kaj5			0	the courtyard of the guard	This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER	38	28	l5rj	figs-activepassive		0	until the day Jerusalem was captured	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “until the day that the Babylonian army captured Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	39	intro	i9ad			0		# Jeremiah 39 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The prophesied destruction of Jerusalem is over and the actual conquering of the Promised Land by Babylon begins in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
JER	39	1	bc1u			0	came … against Jerusalem	Alternate translation: “came to attack Jerusalem”
JER	39	1	dap3	translate-hebrewmonths		0	In the ninth year and tenth month of Zedekiah king of Judah	This is after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for eight years, in the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “In the tenth month of the ninth year that Zedekiah was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
JER	39	1	yh1s	translate-ordinal		0	ninth … tenth	See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]
JER	39	2	v5d9	translate-hebrewmonths		0	In the eleventh year and fourth month of Zedekiah, on the ninth day of the month	This is after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for more than ten years, in the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. The eleventh day is near the beginning of July on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “On the ninth day of the fourth month of the eleventh year that Zedekiah was king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
JER	39	2	ph29	translate-ordinal		0	eleventh … fourth	See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]
JER	39	3	bu4u	translate-names		0	Nebo-Sarsekim, Samgar Nebo, and Sarsechim	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	39	3	ew2q			0	in the middle gate	“in the middle entrance to the city.” It was common for leaders to sit at the gate of the city to discuss important matters.
JER	39	4	rpl5			0	They went out at night from the city by the king’s garden path	Alternate translation: “They left the city at night going out on a path in the king’s garden”
JER	39	5	w8c7			0	the plains of the Jordan River valley	This is the flat land at the southern end of the valley.
JER	39	5	uma7	translate-names		0	at Riblah in the land of Hamath	Riblah was a town in the territory of Hamath, which is in Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	39	5	v4xk			0	pursued them and overtook	Alternate translation: “followed them and caught”
JER	39	5	f3u5			0	passed sentence on him	Alternate translation: “decided how to punish him”
JER	39	6	l5id	figs-synecdoche		0	slaughtered Zedekiah’s sons before his own eyes	The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah’s sons. Alternate translation: “forced Zedekiah to watch as the king’s soldiers killed Zedekiah’s sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	39	7	ei9s			0	he put out Zedekiah’s eyes	“the king’s men made Zedekiah blind.” Use the common words for making a person blind. It is not clear that the king of Babylon took Zedekiah’s eyes out of his head. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon make Zedekiah blind.
JER	39	8	ku9v			0	the king’s house	Zedekiah’s house
JER	39	8	cbe2			0	the people’s houses	the houses that had belonged to the people of Jerusalem
JER	39	9	sr9p	translate-names		0	Nebuzaradan	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	39	9	qvc3			0	the king’s bodyguards	Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s guards”
JER	39	9	nt1i	figs-hyperbole		0	the rest of the people who were left in the city	This is probably a generalization. Alternate translation: “the people who were still living in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER	39	10	h3ys	figs-hyperbole		0	who had nothing for themselves	The word “nothing” is probably an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “who owned nothing of great value” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER	39	13	r536	translate-names		0	Nebushazban	a man’s name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	39	13	w1xh	figs-explicit		0	sent men out	They sent them out to get Jeremiah. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “sent men out to get Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	39	14	x1ja	translate-names		0	Gedaliah … Ahikam … Shaphan	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	39	14	k5dx			0	the courtyard of the guard	This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER	39	14	uw8h	figs-explicit		0	among the people	You may need to make explicit which people the speaker is speaking of. Alternate translation: “among the people who remained in Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	39	15	sbp1			0	General Information:	This story happened before the events in the first part of the chapter.
JER	39	15	rz5c	writing-background		0	Now	This word is used here to mark a return to the story line, as the narrator tells what Yahweh had said to Jeremiah after Nebuchadnezzar gave the orders about Jeremiah ([Jeremiah 39:12-14](./12.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
JER	39	15	qm3a	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah while he was … guard, saying,	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah while he was … guard. He said,” or “while Jeremiah was … guard, Yahweh spoke this message to him:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	39	15	g5jx			0	the courtyard of the guard	This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
JER	39	16	g2jt			0	Ebed-Melek the Cushite	See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 38:7](../38/07.md).
JER	39	16	c57h			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	39	16	tg3k			0	I am about to carry out my words against this city for disaster and not for good	Alternate translation: “I am bringing disaster, not good, against this city, just as I said I would”
JER	39	16	pb72			0	For they will all come true before you on that day	Alternate translation: “For you will see it all happen on that day”
JER	39	17	d4fl	figs-metonymy		0	you will not be given into the hand of the men whom you fear	Here “hand” refers to power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the men you fear will not harm you” or “I will not allow anyone to put you under the control of the people whom you fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	39	18	y55h	figs-euphemism		0	You will not fall by the sword	The sword is a metonym for dying in war. Alternate translation: “No one will kill you with their sword” or “You will not die in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	39	18	h19r			0	with your life	Alternate translation: “alive”
JER	40	intro	rx94			0		# Jeremiah 40 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Peace in Judah<br><br>After Babylon conquered Jerusalem, this chapter reveals an unfolding peace in the area. Ammon, who was supposed to be Judah’s ally against Babylon, probably sought to distract Babylon from attacking them by ruining the peace in the region of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	40	1	vp76	figs-idiom		0	The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh	This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:1](../32/01.md) Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	40	1	nzv7	translate-names		0	Nebuzaradan	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	40	1	w77l	figs-activepassive		0	who were being carried into exile to Babylon	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom the soldiers were about to take to Babylon as exiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	40	3	p9na			0	this thing	Alternate translation: “this disaster”
JER	40	4	pm8f			0	But now look!	Nebuzaradan says this to bring Jeremiah’s attention to the present moment.
JER	40	4	m5yi	figs-metonymy		0	it is good in your eyes	“Eyes” here is a metonym for what the person thinks. Alternate translation: “it is what you consider to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	40	5	zah3			0	Gedaliah … Ahikam … Shaphan	These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md).
JER	40	5	cw75			0	among the people	Alternate translation: “among the Judeans”
JER	40	5	kwh6	figs-metonymy		0	it is good in your eyes	“Eyes” here is a metonym for what the person thinks. Alternate translation: “it is what you consider to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	40	6	v5hd			0	who were left behind in the land	Alternate translation: “who stayed in Judah”
JER	40	7	h3c3			0	Now	This marks a new part of the story.
JER	40	7	iep2	figs-activepassive		0	those who had not been exiled to Babylon	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom the enemy soldiers had not sent to Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	40	8	ug21	translate-names		0	Ishmael … Nethaniah … Johanan … Jonathan … Kareah … Seraiah … Tanhumeth … Ephai … Jaazaniah	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	40	8	lt8t			0	Netophathite … Maakathite	people from the regions of Netophah and Maakah
JER	40	9	a2lc			0	took an oath to them	Alternate translation: “swore to the Judean commanders”
JER	40	10	y2bg			0	Look	Alternate translation: “Listen carefully” or “Pay attention”
JER	40	10	n6bm			0	summer fruit	Alternate translation: “fruit that becomes ripe during the summer”
JER	40	10	rd9k			0	you have occupied	“you have taken over.” “Occupy” here is a military term. Gedaliah was talking to soldiers ([Jeremiah 40:7](../40/07.md)) who may have conquered or otherwise taken control of cities.
JER	40	11	pe3x			0	remnant of Judah	Alternate translation: “remnant of the people of Judah”
JER	40	11	d4gs			0	had appointed … over them	Alternate translation: “had put … in charge of them”
JER	40	11	gn3r			0	Gedaliah son of Ahikam son of Shaphan	See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md).
JER	40	11	c3ya			0	over them	Alternate translation: “over the people of Judah”
JER	40	12	zs8v	figs-activepassive		0	where they had been scattered	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “where the Babylonians had driven them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	40	12	hny7			0	wine and summer fruit in great abundance	Alternate translation: “a huge amount of grapes and summer fruit”
JER	40	12	t7ep			0	summer fruit	“fruit that becomes ripe during the summer.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 40:10](../40/10.md).
JER	40	13	qk6a	translate-names		0	Johanan … Kareah	See how you translated these names in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	40	13	yp1p	translate-names		0	Gedaliah	See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	40	14	dj6f	figs-rquestion		0	Do you realize that Baalis king of the people of Ammon sent Ishmael son of Nethaniah to murder you?	Johanan and the commanders use a rhetorical question to warn Gedaliah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You need to understand that Baalis king of the people of Ammon sent Ishmael son of Nethaniah to murder you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	40	14	mv1l	translate-names		0	Baalis	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	40	14	p3zy	translate-names		0	Ishmael … Nethaniah	Translate these names as in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	40	14	q9l2	translate-names		0	Ahikim	See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 26:24](../26/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	40	15	yyw2	translate-names		0	Johanan … Kareah	See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	40	15	tfj9			0	Gedaliah	See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md).
JER	40	15	vk6u			0	Ishmael … Nethaniah	See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/08.md).
JER	40	15	tnu5			0	No one will suspect me	Alternate translation: “No one will think that I did it”
JER	40	15	l7ed	figs-rquestion		0	Why should he kill you?	Johanan uses a rhetorical question to try to change Gedaliah’s thinking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not allow him to kill you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	40	15	mc43	figs-rquestion		0	Why allow all of Judah that has been gathered to you to be scattered and the remnant of Judah destroyed?	Johanan uses a rhetorical question to try to get Gedaliah to think about what will happen if Gedaliah does what Gedaliah is planning to do. Alternate translation: “If you do this, all of Judah that has been gathered to you will be scattered and the remnant of Judah will be destroyed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	40	15	c9ug	figs-hyperbole		0	all of Judah	The word “all” is a generalization. Alternate translation: “many of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER	40	15	hp75	figs-activepassive		0	that has been gathered to you	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “who have come to you” or “whom Yahweh has brought to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	40	15	mj6g	figs-activepassive		0	to be scattered	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “to have the Chaldeans scatter them” or “to flee away to many different lands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	40	15	pxq9	figs-activepassive		0	the remnant of Judah destroyed	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “allow the Chaldeans to destroy the remnant of Judah” or “and allow the remnant of Judah to perish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	40	15	zr8s			0	remnant of Judah	“remnant of the people of Judah.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 40:11](../40/11.md).
JER	40	16	gc11			0	Ahikam	See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 26:24](../26/24.md).
JER	41	intro	u2q2			0		# Jeremiah 41 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Life in Judah<br>This chapter explains what life was like in Judah after the Babylonian conquest. It was a difficult and dangerous time, but some of the faithful remained in the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
JER	41	1	mz9m			0	it happened that	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER	41	1	rce7	translate-hebrewmonths		0	in the seventh month	This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	41	1	va8n	translate-names		0	Ishmael son of Nethaniah	See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	41	1	uv6y	translate-names		0	Elishama	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	41	2	yly4	translate-names		0	Gedaliah son of Ahikam son of Shaphan	See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	41	2	mt62	figs-metonymy		0	in charge of the land	Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “in charge of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	41	3	s68d	figs-synecdoche		0	Then Ishmael killed	Here “Ishmael” represents himself and the ten men with him. Alternate translation: “Then Ishmael and the ten men with him killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	41	3	pzn9	figs-activepassive		0	the Chaldean fighting men found there	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “also the Chaldean soldiers there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	41	4	xv5y	translate-ordinal		0	the second day after	The word “second” is the ordinal form of the number 2. This could mean: (1) “the day after” or (2) “two days after” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	41	5	te6l	translate-numbers		0	eighty men	“80 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JER	41	5	c3sk	figs-metonymy		0	in their hands	Having things in the hands here is probably a metaphor for carrying those things or having them in their possession. Alternate translation: “in their possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	41	5	v4qg			0	to go to Yahweh’s house	Alternate translation: “to go worship Yahweh at his temple”
JER	41	6	p4gy			0	to meet them	Alternate translation: “to meet the 80 men”
JER	41	6	n7k7			0	Then it happened	This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER	41	7	iju5			0	It came about that	This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER	41	7	tp8u			0	Ishmael son of Nethaniah slaughtered them and threw them into a pit, he and the men who were with him	It is stated it in [Jeremiah 41:8](../41/08.md) that Ishmael and his men did not kill all 80 men. You can state here that they killed most of the 80 men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael son of Nethaniah, and the men who were with him, killed most of the 80 men and threw them into a pit”
JER	41	8	nt5a			0	ten men among them	The word “them” refers to the 80 men.
JER	41	8	zn9l	figs-explicit		0	for there are provisions of ours in a field	It is implied that they would give their provisions to Ishmael and his men. Alternate translation: “for we will give you our provisions that we have hidden in a field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	41	8	c4gu			0	provisions	supplies to be used to provide for future needs
JER	41	9	p33k	writing-background		0	The cistern where Ishmael … against King Baasha of Israel	This is background information about the cistern that Ishmael used. King Asa had his men dig the cistern so his people would have a water supply when King Baasha attacked them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER	41	9	kzd3	figs-metonymy		0	that King Asa dug	Here King Asa represents his men. Alternate translation: “that King Asa ordered his men to dig” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	41	9	p7br	figs-synecdoche		0	against King Baasha of Israel	Here King Baasha represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “against Baasha, king of Israel, and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	41	9	ny7m	figs-synecdoche		0	Ishmael son of Nethaniah filled it	Here Ishmael represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men filled it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	41	9	nw96	figs-nominaladj		0	with the dead	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “with those who were dead” or “with those they had killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER	41	10	w324	figs-synecdoche		0	Ishmael captured	Here Ishmael represents himself and his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men captured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	41	10	y6nt	translate-names		0	Nebuzaradan	See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	41	10	rk3e			0	went to cross over to the people of Ammon	Alternate translation: “traveled towards the land of the Ammonites”
JER	41	11	j1v7	figs-synecdoche		0	Ishmael son of Nethaniah	Here “Ishmael” represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	41	12	pak6	figs-synecdoche		0	Ishmael son of Nethaniah … found him	Here “Ishmael” represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men … found them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	41	13	a4a1			0	Then it happened that	This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER	41	13	efz7			0	when all the people who were with Ishmael	Here “people” refers to those whom Ishmael and his men had captured.
JER	41	14	tjt4	figs-synecdoche		0	whom Ishmael had captured	Here “Ishmael” represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “whom Ishmael and his men had captured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	41	15	zag1	figs-synecdoche		0	He went to the people of Ammon	“He” refers to Ishmael who represents himself and the eight men with him. Alternate translation: “They went to the people of Ammon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	41	16	d9f5	figs-activepassive		0	who had been rescued	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom they had rescued” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	41	16	x13r	writing-background		0	This was after Ishmael had killed Gedaliah son of Ahikam	The author stops the story to refer to a previous event so that the order of events are understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER	41	16	r944			0	the strong men, the fighting men	These both refer to soldiers. Alternate translation: “the soldiers”
JER	41	16	j14l	figs-activepassive		0	who had been rescued at Gibeon	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom they had rescued at Gibeon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	41	17	b8j8			0	they went	Alternate translation: “Johanan, his companions, and all the people they rescued went”
JER	41	17	di1c	translate-names		0	Geruth Kimham	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	41	18	k3qd	figs-explicit		0	because of the Chaldeans	It is implied that they were afraid that the Chaldeans would attack them. Alternate translation: “because they thought the Chaldeans may attack them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	41	18	iuc2	figs-metonymy		0	in charge of the land	Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “in charge of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	42	intro	ye1g			0		# Jeremiah 42 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Life in Babylon<br>The remaining army commanders, who scattered after the Babylonian victory, asked Jeremiah to ask Yahweh about where they should go. Yahweh encouraged them to go to Babylon because they would soon return to the Promised Land. They would be punished if they went to Egypt or anywhere else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
JER	42	1	jc5i	translate-names		0	Johanan … Kareah	See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:13](../40/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	42	1	w479	translate-names		0	Jezaniah … Hoshaiah	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	42	1	h1f8	figs-merism		0	all the people from the least to the greatest	This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here “least” and “greatest” represent those who are least important and those who are most important. Alternate translation: “all the people from every social status” or “all the people, including the least important and the most important people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER	42	1	wx9l	figs-hyperbole		0	all the people	Most likely not every individual in the town went. The word “all” is a generalization that means very many people went. Alternate translation: “many other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER	42	2	te2b	figs-abstractnouns		0	Let our pleas come before you	“Let us present our urgent request to you.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **pleas**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Listen as we plead with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	42	4	yl1b			0	Look	Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER	42	4	v54c	figs-idiom		0	I will keep nothing back from you	The phrase “keep nothing back from you” is an idiom that means to tell someone everything. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will tell you everything the Lord tells me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	42	5	tze5			0	May Yahweh be	This is a way of beginning an oath. Alternate translation: “We ask Yahweh to be” or “Yahweh will be”
JER	42	5	htw1	figs-doublet		0	true and faithful	Here these words share similar meanings. They describe Yahweh as a witness whom no one will be able to contradict. Alternate translation: “trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	42	6	aj3n	figs-merism		0	Whether it is good or if it is bad	The people mention both extremes to emphasize that they will obey no matter what Yahweh’s answer is. Alternate translation: “Whatever he answers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER	42	6	ixn4	figs-metonymy		0	the voice of Yahweh our God	Here “voice” represents what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh our God says” or “we will obey Yahweh our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	42	7	k8xs	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah	This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	42	8	c9v6	figs-merism		0	to all the people from the least to the greatest	This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here “least” and “greatest” represent those who are least important and those who are most important. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md). Alternate translation: “to all the people from every social status” or “to all the people, including the least important and the most important people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER	42	8	t51j	figs-hyperbole		0	to all the people	Most likely not every individual in the town went. The word “all” is a generalization that means very many people went. Alternate translation: “to many other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER	42	10	m39t	figs-metaphor		0	I will build you and not tear you down	Yahweh refers to the people of Israel like a wall that can be built or torn down. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to prosper and I will not destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	42	10	aj8z	figs-metaphor		0	I will plant you and not pull you up	Yahweh uses another example to express how he will cause the people of Israel to prosper and not be destroyed. He refers to them like a plant in the same way he referred to them as a wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	42	10	a8zc	figs-metaphor		0	I will turn back the disaster that I have brought on you	A disaster is here spoken of as something that a person can put onto someone else. Alternate translation: “I will prevent the disaster that I have caused to happen to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	42	11	k5t5	figs-doublet		0	to save you and rescue you	The words “save” and “rescue” mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will, indeed, save. Alternate translation: “to save you completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	42	11	jv59	figs-metonymy		0	rescue you from his hand	Here the word “hand” refers to power and authority. Alternate translation: “rescue you from his power” or “rescue you from him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	42	13	qi8z	figs-metonymy		0	if you do not listen to my voice, the voice of Yahweh your God	Here “voice” represents a command. To not obey is like the people did not hear Yahweh’s command. Alternate translation: “if you do not obey my commands, even though I am Yahweh, your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	42	14	bg9x	figs-parallelism		0	where we will not see any war, where we will not hear the sound of the trumpet	Both of these phrases describe being at war by the ability to see or hear it. Alternate translation: “where we will not experience the hardships of war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	42	14	n28p	figs-metonymy		0	we will not go hungry for food	Being hungry for food is used to describe famine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	42	15	t7ch			0	Now	The word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JER	42	15	te43			0	to this word of Yahweh	Alternate translation: “to Yahweh’s message”
JER	42	15	e21x			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	42	15	cpw7			0	set out to go to	Alternate translation: “depart for” or “leave for”
JER	42	16	s8nw	figs-metonymy		0	the sword that you fear will overtake you	Here “the sword” represents war. The Israelites experiencing war even if they go to Egypt is spoken of as if the sword would chase after the people catch up with them. Alternate translation: “you will experience the terrible results of war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	42	16	pea7	figs-personification		0	The famine that you are worrying about will pursue you to Egypt	The Israelites experiencing famine even in Egypt is spoken of as if famine would chase after them. Alternate translation: “You worry about famine in Israel but if you go to Egypt you will suffer from famine there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	42	17	vak7	figs-synecdoche		0	all the men who set out	The men are used to refer to all the people because they are the leaders in their families. Alternate translation: “anyone who sets out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
JER	42	17	b82t	figs-metaphor		0	the disaster that I will bring on them	Causing a disaster is spoken of as if disaster were an object that is brought to a person. Alternate translation: “the disaster that I will cause to happen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	42	18	v4kb			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	42	18	hxc8	figs-metaphor		0	my wrath and my fury were poured out on the inhabitants of Jerusalem	Yahweh punishing people because he is very angry is spoken of as if wrath and fury were liquids that he poured out on the people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I became very angry and punished the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	42	18	ss3l	figs-doublet		0	my wrath and my fury	The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: “my terrible wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	42	18	rm4e	figs-metaphor		0	in the same way my fury will be poured out on you	Yahweh punishing people because he is very angry is spoken of as if fury were a liquid that he pours out on the people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will became very angry and punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	42	18	m8xv	figs-parallelism		0	You will become an object of cursing and a horror, an object for speaking curses, and something dishonorable	All of these statements mean basically the same thing and emphasize how badly the nations will treat the people of Judah after Yahweh punishes them. Alternate translation: “People will be terrified when they see what has happened to you. They will curse and mock you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	42	19	m4t7	figs-idiom		0	I have been a witness against you	The phrase “been a witness against” is an idiom that means to give a warning. Alternate translation: “I have warned you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	42	20	tm47	figs-idiom		0	we will carry it out	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “we will do it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	42	21	q58d			0	you have not listened	Alternate translation: “you have not paid attention”
JER	42	21	bn7i	figs-metonymy		0	to the voice of Yahweh your God	Here “voice” represents what Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “to what Yahweh your God commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	42	22	ewj3			0	now	The word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JER	42	22	ah9a	figs-metonymy		0	you will die by sword	Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “you will die in warfare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	42	22	b8em	figs-explicit		0	in the place where you desired to go to live	They desired to live in Egypt. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “in Egypt, where you thought you would be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	43	intro	b33q			0		# Jeremiah 43 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### They did not believe Jeremiah<br>After Jeremiah prophesied the destruction of Judah, the people did not believe him. Judah was conquered and destroyed. Even after this, the people did not believe they would be safe in Babylon as Jeremiah prophesied. This is shocking. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br><br>### Babylon invades Egypt<br>Babylon is described as invading part of Egypt. This would have been unthinkable for the people. It would have gotten their attention.<br><br>## Other possible translation issues in this chapter<br><br>### Symbolic actions<br>Jeremiah’s burial of the stones was intended to be a symbolic action for the people. This was supposed to teach the people a lesson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	43	1	ufu5			0	It happened that	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JER	43	2	wg2c	translate-names		0	Azariah	This could mean: (1) this is another name for Jezaniah in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md) or (2) this is a different son of Hoshaiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	43	2	a3qd	translate-names		0	Hoshaiah	See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	43	2	u1n1	translate-names		0	Johanan … Kareah	See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:13](../40/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	43	3	h7cf			0	inciting	to cause someone to act in a harmful or violent way
JER	43	3	gh4k	figs-metonymy		0	to deliver us into the hand of the Chaldeans	Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “to give us over to the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	43	3	bw5d	figs-abstractnouns		0	for you to cause our death and to make us captives in Babylon	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **death**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to kill.” Alternate translation: “for you to cause the Chaldeans to either kill us or to take us as captives to Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	43	4	glv6	figs-hyperbole		0	all the people	This probably did not include every individual there. The word “all” is a generalization that means many people. Alternate translation: “many of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER	43	4	a6mj	figs-metonymy		0	refused to listen to Yahweh’s voice	Here “voice” represents commands. And here “to listen” means “to obey.” Alternate translation: “would not obey Yahweh’s command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	43	5	n9qa	figs-activepassive		0	where they had been scattered	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “where Yahweh had scattered them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	43	6	qj48	translate-names		0	Nebuzaradan	See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	43	6	s144	translate-names		0	Gedaliah … Ahikam … Shaphan	See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	43	7	rup9	translate-names		0	Tahpanhes	See how you translated the name of this city in [Jeremiah 2:16](../02/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	43	8	p6h5	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah in Tahpanhes, saying,	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah in Tahpanhes. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah in Tahpanehs:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	43	9	i4wa	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the sight of the people of Judah	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sight**, you can express the same idea with the verb “watching.” Alternate translation: “while the people of Judah are watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	43	9	usg5			0	mortar	a substance used to hold bricks together
JER	43	9	sha8			0	to Pharaoh’s house	Alternate translation: “to Pharaoh’s royal building”
JER	43	10	eb2l			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	43	10	uz43	figs-metonymy		0	I will place his throne over these stones that you, Jeremiah, have buried. Nebuchadnezzar will place his pavilion over them	Both the king’s “throne” and “pavilion” are used to refer to his royal authority. Alternate translation: “I will cause him to rule as king over the people of Egypt. He will place his throne and pavilion over these stones you have buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	43	10	k69r			0	pavilion	a very large tent
JER	43	11	j4bf	figs-metonymy		0	he will come	Here “he” refers to Nebuchadnezzar who represents his whole army. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s army will come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	43	11	njk5	figs-activepassive		0	Anyone who is assigned to death will be given to death	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **death**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “die.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Everyone will die whom I have decided must die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	43	11	iqj5	figs-activepassive		0	Anyone who is assigned to captivity will be taken captive	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Babylonians will take everyone captive whom I have decided must go into captivity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	43	11	prf4	figs-metonymy		0	Anyone who is assigned to the sword will be given to the sword	Here “sword” represents battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Everyone will die in battle whom I have decided will die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	43	12	fy3l	figs-metonymy		0	Then I will light a fire	Here “I” refers to Yahweh. This represents Yahweh sending the Babylonian army to light a fire. Alternate translation: “Then I will cause the Babylonian army to light a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	43	12	yqt6	figs-metonymy		0	Nebuchadnezzar will … He will	Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s army will … They will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	43	12	nms7			0	burn them or capture them	Alternate translation: “burn the Egyptian idols or take them”
JER	43	12	e3qj	figs-simile		0	He will clean out the land of Egypt just as shepherds clean vermin off their clothes	Taking or destroying everything in Egypt is compared to how a shepherd carefully cleans off his clothes. Alternate translation: “He will take or destroy everything valuable in Egypt just as a shepherd is careful to get every insect off of his clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	43	13	pyt4	translate-names		0	Heliopolis	This is the name of a city. The name means “city of the sun.” In this city was a temple where they worshiped a sun god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	44	intro	xf8j			0		# Jeremiah 44 General Notes<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br><br>The people called Ashtoreth the goddess of the Canaanites, “the queen of heaven.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
JER	44	1	s5cz	figs-idiom		0	The word came to Jeremiah	It is implied that the word that came to Jeremiah was from Yahweh. This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	44	1	gzg8	translate-names		0	Migdol	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	44	1	a4bd	translate-names		0	Tahpanhes … Memphis	Translate the names of these cities as you did in [Jeremiah 2:16](../02/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	44	1	jee4			0	in Upper Egypt	This refers to the southern region of Egypt. It is sometime called “Pathros.”
JER	44	2	j6cn			0	Yahweh of hosts … says	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	44	2	wb58	figs-rpronouns		0	You yourselves have seen	The word “yourselves” is used for emphasis to specify the people of Judea who live in the land of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER	44	2	zs94	figs-metaphor		0	all the disasters that I brought on Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah	Causing disasters is spoken of as if disasters were an object that can be put on something. Alternate translation: “all the disaster that I caused to happen to Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	44	2	bjm6			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
JER	44	3	a86s			0	they did to offend me	Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah did to offend me”
JER	44	3	uvb1	figs-rpronouns		0	they themselves	The word “themselves” is used for emphasis to specify the people of Jerusalem and the other cities of Judah. Alternate translation: “the people from the ruined cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER	44	4	jwn6			0	So I repeatedly sent	The word “I” refers to Yahweh.
JER	44	5	a6zd	figs-metaphor		0	or turn from their wickedness in burning incense to other gods	To stop doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. Alternate translation: “or to stop behaving wickedly by burning incense to other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	44	6	kck1	figs-metaphor		0	my fury and my wrath were poured out	Becoming angry and punishing people is spoken of as if fury and wrath were liquids there could be poured on people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I became very angry and punished them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	44	6	gje9	figs-doublet		0	my fury and my wrath	The words “fury” and “wrath” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: “my terrible wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	44	6	if3y	figs-metaphor		0	kindled a fire	Yahweh becoming angry and punishing the people of Judah is spoken of as his fury and wrath were a fire. Alternate translation: “my fury and wrath were like a fire” or “my punishment was like a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	44	6	j69q	figs-doublet		0	they became ruins and devastations	The words “ruins” and “devastations” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the complete devastation of Judah and Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “they became completely devastated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	44	6	bb1y			0	as at this present day	This refers to the current time at which Yahweh was speaking this message.
JER	44	7	gez9	figs-rquestion		0	Why are you doing … yourselves? Why are you causing … and babies?	Yahweh uses these questions to rebuke the people for doing things that cause him to punish them. Alternate translation: “You are doing … yourselves. You are causing … and babies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	44	7	mnr5	figs-abstractnouns		0	Why are you doing great wickedness against yourselves?	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “wicked.” Alternate translation: “Why are you doing these wicked things that harm yourselves?” or “You are doing wicked things that cause terrible things to happen to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	44	7	n4fj	figs-metaphor		0	Why are you causing yourselves to be cut off from among Judah … and babies?	Being separated from the people of Judah is spoken of as if the people are cut off from Judah the way a person may cut off a branch from a vine or cut off a piece of cloth. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Why are you causing me to remove you from the people of Judah … and babies?” or “You are causing me to remove you from the people of Judah … and babies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	44	8	prs6	figs-abstractnouns		0	By your wickedness you have offended me with the deeds of your hands	Here, **wickedness** represents actions that are “wicked.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Here, **hand** represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “You have offended me with the wicked things you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	44	8	bqw9			0	You have gone there so that … so that	Alternate translation: “The result of going to Egypt is that … and that”
JER	44	8	d96k	figs-activepassive		0	you will be destroyed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will cause me to destroy you” or “you will destroy yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	44	8	qgd6	figs-metonymy		0	you will be a curse and a reproach among all the nations of the earth	Here “nations” represent the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of all the nations of the earth will curse you and hate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	44	9	zk7z	figs-rquestion		0	Have you forgotten the wickedness committed by your ancestors and the wickedness committed by the kings of Judah and their wives?	Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about the wicked behavior of their ancestors and how Yahweh punished them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Think about what happened to your ancestors and the kings of Judah and their wives when they did wicked things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	44	9	v2a3	figs-rquestion		0	Have you forgotten the evil committed by yourselves and your wives in the land of Judah and the streets of Jerusalem?	Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about their own wicked behavior and how Yahweh punished them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Think about what happened to you and your wives when you did evil things in the land Judah and the streets of Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	44	9	w74z	figs-synecdoche		0	the streets of Jerusalem	Jerusalem is referred to by the part of the city where people walk. This means the people did evil things in public places. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem” or “the public places of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	44	10	ai8e	figs-123person		0	they still are not humbled	“the people of Judah are still not humble.” Yahweh is still speaking to the people of Judah, so this can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “you are still not humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	44	10	a4hl	figs-metaphor		0	nor do they walk in them	Obeying the laws is spoken of as if it were walking in the laws. Alternate translation: “nor do they obey them” or “nor do you obey them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	44	11	ppb1			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	44	11	vc6r	figs-idiom		0	I am about to set my face against you	This idiom means he “firmly decided.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 21:10](../21/10.md). Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind to oppose you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	44	11	j5gg			0	set my face against	Alternate translation: “stare angrily at”
JER	44	11	is79	figs-metaphor		0	to bring disaster to you	Causing disaster to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that can be brought to someone. Alternate translation: “to cause disaster to happen to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	44	12	t7mn	figs-idiom		0	They will fall by sword and famine	Here “fall” means to die. And “sword” represents the enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Enemies will kill some of them and others will die of hunger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	44	12	pmr4	figs-merism		0	From the least to the greatest	This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here “least” and “greatest” represent those who are least important and those who are most important. Alternate translation: “all the people from every social status” or “all the people, including the least important and the most important people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JER	44	12	t4e4			0	will become an object of swearing, cursing, reproaching, and a horrible thing	Alternate translation: “people will be horrified because of what happened to the people of Judah, and people will mock and curse them”
JER	44	13	yvm2	figs-metonymy		0	I punished Jerusalem	Here “Jerusalem” represents the people. Alternate translation: “I punished the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	44	13	xt2p	figs-metonymy		0	with the sword, with famine, and with the plague	Here “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “by causing enemies to kill some of them, others to starve to death, and others to die because of disease” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	44	15	e1fj			0	in the great assembly	Alternate translation: “in the large crowd”
JER	44	15	ql9v			0	Lower … Egypt	“Lower Egypt” refers to the northern region of Egypt.
JER	44	15	a1sx			0	Upper Egypt	This refers to the southern region of Egypt. It is sometime called “Pathros.”
JER	44	16	k3bm	figs-metonymy		0	About the word that you have told us in Yahweh’s name—we will not listen to you	Here “in Yahweh’s name” means “in Yahweh’s authority” or “as Yahweh’s representative.” Alternate translation: “We will not obey this message that you say Yahweh told you to tell us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	44	17	aja3	figs-explicit		0	queen of heaven	This a title of a false goddess that the people of Judah worshiped. This goddess is also called “Asherah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	44	17	fh7r	figs-synecdoche		0	the streets of Jerusalem	Here “streets” represent the public places in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “in the public places of Jerusalem” or “in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	44	17	clp3	figs-explicit		0	Then we will be filled with food and will prosper, without experiencing any disaster	The people of Judah thought they would prosper because the queen of heaven would bless them if they worshiped her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	44	17	u8y8	figs-activepassive		0	Then we will be filled with food	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then we will have plenty of food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	44	18	ux4h			0	General Information:	The remnant of the people living in Egypt continue to speak. Beginning in 44:19, the women address Jeremiah.
JER	44	18	hs8y	figs-metonymy		0	were dying by sword and famine	Here “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers were killing some of us and some of us were dying of hunger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	44	19	dne8	figs-rquestion		0	was it against our husbands that we did these things … to her?	The women were claiming to be innocent because their husband approved of what they were doing. Alternate translation: “our husbands knew what we were doing … to her.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	44	19	ec3w			0	cakes in her image	These were probably small cakes shaped like stars or the crescent moon.
JER	44	21	qc2v	figs-rquestion		0	Did not Yahweh remember … of the land?	Jeremiah uses a question to scold the people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh certainly knew about … of the land.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	44	21	ir8d	figs-parallelism		0	For Yahweh calls this to mind; it comes to his thoughts	Both of these phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that Yahweh knows that the people were worshiping false gods. Alternate translation: “Yes, Yahweh knows what you were doing, and he does not forget” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	44	22	a6w5			0	was no longer able to bear it	Alternate translation: “was no longer able to tolerate it”
JER	44	22	t1fz	figs-abstractnouns		0	because of the abominations that you did	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **abominations**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “things he hated.” Alternate translation: “because you did things that he hated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	44	22	x1jw	figs-abstractnouns		0	Then your land became a desolation, a horror, and a curse so there was no longer an inhabitant as at this present day	This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “a desolation,” “a horror,” and “a curse.” Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh caused it so that no one lives in the land. He made it a desolate and horrifying place. People use its name to curse others. And this is how it is even to this day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	44	23	z7ak	figs-explicit		0	burned incense	Why people burn incense can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “burned incense to false gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	44	23	m5km	figs-metonymy		0	you would not listen to his voice	Here “voice” refers to Yahweh’s commands. Alternate translation: “you would not obey his commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	44	24	lr74	figs-metonymy		0	all of Judah	Here “Judah” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	44	25	q7r5			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	44	25	rst9	figs-synecdoche		0	have said with your mouths and carried out with your hands what you said	Here “mouths” and “hands” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “have done what you promised to do when you said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	44	25	nwz1			0	carry out the vows	Alternate translation: “fulfill the vows” or “complete the vows”
JER	44	25	lq9t	figs-irony		0	Now fulfill your vows; carry them out	This is an ironic statement. Yahweh does not really want them to fulfill their vow to a false goddess. Yahweh knows they will not listen to him so he tells them to go ahead and do what they want. Alternate translation: “Very well! If that is what you want to do, then go fulfill your vows and do what you promised to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER	44	25	vw9i			0	Now	The word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JER	44	26	vwq1	figs-metonymy		0	all of Judah	Here “Judah” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	44	26	d9iz	figs-metonymy		0	My name will no longer be called upon by the mouths of any of the men of Judah in all the land of Egypt	Here “name” represents the whole being of Yahweh. And, “mouth” represents the whole person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No person of Judah living in the land of Egypt will ever call upon me again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	44	26	n652	figs-idiom		0	As the Lord Yahweh lives	“as surely as the Lord Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you transited “As Yahweh lives” [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” or “I solemnly swear by the Lord Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	44	27	c948	figs-hyperbole		0	Every person of Judah in the land of Egypt will perish by sword and famine until they are all finished	Here “Every person” is a generalization that means “very many people.” Also, “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Nearly every person of Judah in the land of Egypt will die. Enemies will kill many of them and many of them will starve to death until there is very few of them left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	44	28	ar61	figs-metonymy		0	Then the survivors of the sword	Here “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Then those whom the enemies do not kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	44	29	vj4v	figs-idiom		0	I am setting against you	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I am opposed to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	44	29	g448	figs-personification		0	my words will certainly attack you with disaster	Yahweh causing disaster on the people as he promised is spoken of as if his word would attack them. Alternate translation: “what I have said will happen and you will have a disaster” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	44	30	wm1f			0	Look	Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention”
JER	44	30	fk1y	figs-metonymy		0	I am about to give Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies and into the hand of those who seek to kill him	Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I will allow the enemies who want to kill Pharaoh Hophra, the king of Egypt, to defeat him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	44	30	k1p8	translate-names		0	Hophra	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	44	30	sf5s	figs-metonymy		0	when I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, his enemy who sought his life	Here “hand” represents power or control. And, Nebuchadnezzar represents his whole army. The phrase “sought his life” is an idiom that means to want to kill someone. Alternate translation: “when I allowed the army of Nebuchadnezzar to defeat Zedekiah king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	45	intro	m5sy			0		# Jeremiah 45 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter forms a break in the narrative sequence. It records prophecies that have already occurred. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
JER	45	1	n8gv			0	this was in the fourth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah	This information can be placed at the beginning of 45:1 as in the UST.
JER	45	1	uid7	figs-ellipsis		0	in the fourth year of Jehoiakim	The words “of the rule” are understood. Alternate translation: “in the fourth year of the rule of Jehoiakim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	45	1	d24t	translate-ordinal		0	fourth year	The word “fourth” is the ordinal form of the number four. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	45	1	w799			0	he said	Alternate translation: “Jeremiah said to Baruch”
JER	45	3	vg45			0	for Yahweh has added agony to my pain	Alternate translation: “for I was already suffering and now Yahweh causes me to be sad as well”
JER	45	3	jwx7	figs-abstractnouns		0	My groaning has wearied me	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **groaning**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “cry.” Alternate translation: “I am tired because I cry so much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	45	4	sdw1			0	This is what you must say to him	Yahweh is telling Jeremiah what to say to Baruch.
JER	45	5	jtj1	figs-rquestion		0	But are you hoping for great things for yourself?	Yahweh uses a question to state that he knows Baruch is hoping for others to treat him in a special way. Alternate translation: “I know you hope for great things for yourself.” or “I know you hope others will honor you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	45	5	m1dh			0	For see	Alternate translation: “For understand” or “Be aware”
JER	45	5	n1jc	figs-metaphor		0	your life as your plunder everywhere you will go	Allowing Baruch to escape and remain alive is spoken of as if his life were plunder that he would take after a battle. Alternate translation: “but wherever you go, I will protect you and allow you to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	45	5	a5tu			0	plunder	things stolen from a place by force
JER	46	intro	ul65			0		# Jeremiah 46 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 46:3-12, 14-24.<br><br>This begins a section where Jeremiah prophesies about other nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Justice<br>Much of Jeremiah is concerned with Yahweh’s punishment of Judah. Yahweh used Egypt to punish Judah. Because Yahweh is just, he is going to punish Egypt for their evil deeds as well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Battle preparations<br>Jeremiah commands the Egyptian army to prepare for battle, even though they will not be able to defend themselves. Their punishment has already been determined by Yahweh.
JER	46	1	sfw3	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	46	1	e496	figs-idiom		0	This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	46	2	q4ql			0	For Egypt	This phrase indicates this message is intended for the nation of Egypt.
JER	46	2	zfd4	translate-names		0	Necho	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	46	2	dv75	translate-names		0	Carchemish	This is the name of a city on the west bank of the Euphrates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	46	2	tsq6	figs-metonymy		0	that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon	Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. Alternate translation: “that the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	46	2	nsv9	figs-explicit		0	in the fourth year of Jehoiakim	This refers to the fourth year of Jehoiakim’s reign. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “in the fourth year of the reign of Jehoiakim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	46	2	v9gg	translate-ordinal		0	the fourth year	The word “fourth” is the ordinal form of “four.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	46	4	vhi9			0	Put the harness on the horses; mount up on the horses	A “harness” is a set of straps placed on a horse so that it can pull a chariot. Here “mount up on the horses” means that the soldiers rode in the chariots that the horses were pulling.
JER	46	4	z233			0	helmets	A helmet is armor which protects the head in battle.
JER	46	4	v58m			0	polish the spears	This phrase means to “sharpen” the spear.
JER	46	5	nj2q	figs-rquestion		0	What am I seeing here?	The word “I” here refer to Yahweh. Yahweh uses a question to introduce the vision and to draw attention to what he says next. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at what is happening here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	46	5	hry1	figs-abstractnouns		0	They are filled with terror	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “terrified.” Alternate translation: “The Egyptian soldiers are terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	46	6	gr1r	figs-doublet		0	the swift cannot run away, and the soldiers cannot escape	These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that no one, not even the strongest and fastest, can escape. The nominal adjective “the swift” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “even the swiftest soldier cannot escape” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JER	46	6	bv4q	figs-parallelism		0	They stumble in the north and fall beside the Euphrates River	Both statements mean the same thing. Being and dying in battle is spoken of as if the soldiers stumble and fall. Alternate translation: “The Egyptian soldiers suffer defeat and die in the north by the Euphrates River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	46	7	j7fk	figs-rquestion		0	Who is this who rises like the Nile … the rivers?	Yahweh uses a question to draw attention to what he is about to say concerning Egypt. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at who rises like the Nile … the rivers.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	46	8	n8ng	figs-simile		0	Egypt rises like the Nile	The Nile river floods its banks once a year, covering the surrounding area with water. Yahweh compares the kingdom of Egypt to the Nile because the Egyptian people think they are mighty enough to destroy cities in all the lands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	46	8	udt1	figs-metonymy		0	Egypt rises … Egypt says … I will	Here “Egypt” represents all the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “The Egyptians rise … The Egyptians say … We will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	46	9	ew5h	figs-metonymy		0	Go up, horses. Be angry, you chariots	Here “horses” and “chariots” represent the soldiers who use horses and chariots in battle. The leaders of Egypt are ordering their soldiers to start the battle. Alternate translation: “Go up to battle, you soldiers on horses. Fight furiously, you soldiers in chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	46	9	a538	figs-explicit		0	Let the soldiers go out, Cush and Put, men skillful with a shield	This command can be addressed directly to the soldiers. What they were to go out for can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “You soldiers from Cush and Put, who are skillful with your shields, go out to battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	46	9	fz8w	translate-names		0	Cush … Put	These are biblical names for the countries of Ethiopia and Libya. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	46	9	c8vs	figs-ellipsis		0	Ludim, men skillful at bending their bows	The ideas of soldiers and going out to battle are understood from earlier in the sentence. They can be repeated. This command can also be addressed directly to the soldiers. Alternate translation: “you soldiers from Lud, who are skillful at bending your bows, go out to battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	46	9	mem7	translate-names		0	Ludim	This is the name of the people group from the nation of Lud. Lud is the biblical name for Lydia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	46	9	awb5	figs-idiom		0	skillful at bending their bows	The phrase “bend the bow” means to pull the string of the bow back with an arrow in order to shoot the arrow. Alternate translation: “skillful at shooting arrows from their bows” or “skillful with the bow and arrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	46	10	k221			0	That day	This phrase refers to the day the Egyptians lose the battle to the Babylonians.
JER	46	10	kb95	figs-123person		0	for the Lord Yahweh of hosts, and he will avenge himself on his foes	Yahweh speaks of himself in third person. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “for me, Lord Yahweh of hosts, and I will avenge myself on my foes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	46	10	xmi3	figs-parallelism		0	The sword will devour and be satisfied. It will drink its fill of their blood	This speaks of Yahweh’s sword as if it were devouring people and drinking blood. Both these phrases are saying similar thing and are combined to emphasize that there will be complete destruction. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy my enemy. It will be like my sword devours them and gets drunk on their blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	46	10	c3fe	figs-metaphor		0	The sword will devour	Yahweh punishing and killing his enemies is spoken of as if he would use a sword to kill them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	46	10	i9dw	figs-metaphor		0	For there will be a sacrifice	Yahweh avenging himself by causing the Egyptians to lose in battle against the Babylonians is spoken of as if the Egyptian army would be a sacrifice to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “For the Egyptians will be like a sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	46	11	h7iu			0	General Information:	Yahweh finishes his declaration to Egypt.
JER	46	11	b1x3	figs-irony		0	Go up to Gilead and obtain medicine	Gilead was a region famous for having people skillful with medicine. Yahweh is mocking the Egyptians by telling them to go get medicine, but he knows it will not help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JER	46	11	k73x	figs-metaphor		0	virgin daughter of Egypt	The people of Egypt are spoken of as if they were the virgin daughter of Egypt. Alternate translation: “people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	46	12	m6ni			0	disgrace	This word means a condition of feeling ashamed or the loss of respect.
JER	46	12	xc2h	figs-metonymy		0	The earth is filled with your laments	Here “earth” is a metonym for the people of the earth and a generalization for the people who know what has happened to Egypt. All the people of the earth hearing the Egyptians crying is spoken of as if their laments filled the earth. Alternate translation: “All the people of the earth hear you crying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	46	12	jk5t	figs-metaphor		0	for soldier stumbles against soldier; both of them fall together	Soldiers dying in battle is spoken of as if they were stumbling and falling down. Alternate translation: “for your soldiers die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	46	13	q31x	figs-metonymy		0	when Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon	Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. Alternate translation: “when the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	46	13	jr9a	figs-metonymy		0	the land of Egypt	Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the people of Egypt” or “the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	46	14	g5lu	translate-names		0	Migdol	Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 44:1](../44/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	46	14	qy9a	translate-names		0	Memphis … Tahpanhes	Translate the names of these cities as you did in [Jeremiah 2:16](../02/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	46	14	b4vr	figs-metonymy		0	the sword will devour those around you	The word “sword” here represents soldiers carrying weapons. The enemy soliders killing people is spoken of as if their swords were devouring people. Alternate translation: “your enemies will kill people all around you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	46	15	a8tg			0	Why are your mighty ones face-down on the ground? They will not stand	Some Bibles translate this as “Why has Apis fled? Why did your bull not stand?” Apis was an Egyptian god that was represented by the form of a bull. The bull is often a symbol for strength. That is why the ULT and other versions of the Bible translate this as “strong ones” or “mighty ones,” which refers to soldiers.
JER	46	15	i1pz	figs-rquestion		0	Why are your mighty ones face-down on the ground? They will not stand	Yahweh uses a question to mock the strength of the Egyptian soldiers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your soldiers are face-down on the ground and will not stand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	46	16	a5tm			0	He increases the numbers of those who stumble	Alternate translation: “Yahweh causes more and more of your soldiers to stumble”
JER	46	16	c7x1	figs-metonymy		0	Let us leave this sword that is beating us down	Here “sword” represents the enemy soldiers who are carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Let us run away from our enemies because they are killing us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	46	17	bd2w			0	They proclaimed there	This could mean: (1) “they” refers to people in general who are in Egypt or (2) “they” refers to the foreign soldiers who are fleeing to their native lands of Cush, Put, and Lud.
JER	46	17	kv5n	figs-idiom		0	Pharaoh the king of Egypt is only a noise, one who has let his opportunity slip away	These two phrases are saying that the nation of Egypt has become of little importance. The phrase “only a noise” is an idiom that means a person says he will do something but he does not do it. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh brags much but cannot do what he brags he will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	46	18	a2ci	figs-123person		0	declares the King	Here “King” refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “this is what I, the King, declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	46	18	gmj6	figs-simile		0	someone will come like Mount Tabor and Mount Carmel by the sea	This refers to the nation of Babylon who will be as overwhelming to the nation of Egypt as the these two mountains are to the plains that surround them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	46	18	t2bs	translate-names		0	Mount Tabor	This is the name of a mountain in the northern part of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	46	19	n24i			0	Pack for yourselves baggage to carry into exile	Alternate translation: “Prepare to go into exile”
JER	46	20	nf61	figs-metaphor		0	Egypt is a very beautiful young cow	The nation of Egypt, which was very strong and prosperous, is spoken of as if it were a beautiful young cow. Alternate translation: “Egypt is like a very beautiful heifer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	46	20	pcx7	figs-metaphor		0	but a stinging insect	The enemy army coming to attack the Egyptians is spoken of as if the army were an insect that stings. Alternate translation: “but a powerful army like a stinging insect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	46	21	duz9	figs-simile		0	soldiers in her midst are like a fattened bull	The writer compares soldiers to “fattened bulls” because the soldiers are well cared for by the Egyptians just as a farmer takes care of a bull and makes it fat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	46	21	y6gt	figs-idiom		0	They will not stand together	To “stand together” is an idiom meaning to remain united. The writer is saying that the soldiers will not fight as a unit but will run away thinking only of saving themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	46	21	h8zt	figs-metaphor		0	the day of their disaster is coming against them	This speaks of a day as if it travels and arrives in a location. Alternate translation: “they will experience disaster on that day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	46	22	pc27	figs-simile		0	Egypt hisses like a snake and crawls away	The inability of the Egyptians to do anything to stop their enemy is spoken of as if they were snakes that can only hiss and crawl away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	46	22	z1yp	figs-simile		0	They are going toward her like woodcutters with axes	The enemies coming with the weapons to destroy the Egyptians is spoken of as if they were woodcutters with axes preparing to cut down a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	46	23	q15l	figs-metaphor		0	They will cut down the forests … although it is very dense	This continues speaking of the enemy army attacking the Egyptians as if the army were woodcutters cutting down trees. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will kill many Egyptians like woodcutters cutting down a forest … even though there are very many trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	46	23	p42g	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	46	23	gvh6			0	locusts	This is a type of insect that travels in very large groups and can cause great destruction by eating crops.
JER	46	23	dl76	figs-activepassive		0	unable to be counted	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will be able to count them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	46	24	ut6g	figs-metaphor		0	The daughter of Egypt will be made ashamed	The people of Egypt are spoken of as if they were the daughter of Egypt. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will humiliate the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	46	24	n1ba	figs-metonymy		0	She will be given into the hand of people from the north	Here “hand” represents power or control. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, will allow the people from the north to defeat the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	46	25	v4iz	translate-names		0	Amon of Thebes	“Amon” is the king of the Egyptian gods. “Thebes” is the capital of the northern part of Egypt, and here it represents the people of Thebes. Alternate translation: “Amon, god of Thebes” or “Amon, god of the people of Thebes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	46	25	au2w	figs-metonymy		0	Egypt and her gods	Here “Egypt” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Egypt and the gods they worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	46	26	pq89	figs-metonymy		0	I am giving them into the hand of the ones seeking their lives	Here “hand” represents power or control. The phrase “seeking their lives” is an idiom that mean to want to kill someone. Alternate translation: “I will allow those who are wanting to kill them to defeat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	46	26	n18z	figs-metonymy		0	and into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his servants	Here “hand” represents power or control. “Nebuchadnezzar … his servants” names specifically “the ones seeking their lives.” Alternate translation: “that is, I will allow Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his servants to defeat the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	46	26	zb51	figs-activepassive		0	Then after this Egypt will be inhabited	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then after this, people will live in Egypt again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	46	27	cfi7	figs-parallelism		0	my servant Jacob, do not fear. Do not be dismayed, Israel	These two phrases mean the same thing. Here “Jacob” and “Israel” represent the people of Israel. Yahweh is emphasizing that the people should not be afraid. Alternate translation: “people of Israel, my servants, do not be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	46	27	n8yh			0	from the land of their captivity	Alternate translation: “from the land where they are captives”
JER	46	28	r2ij	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will bring complete destruction against all the nations	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy all the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	46	28	h92x	figs-doublenegatives		0	will certainly not leave you unpunished	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will certainly punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JER	47	intro	y84e			0		# Jeremiah 47 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 47:2-7.<br><br>Jeremiah’s prophesies about other nations continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Flood waters<br>This chapter uses the imagery of a flood to describe the enemies who conquer the Philistines. Their destruction will be swift and complete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	47	1	up7u	figs-idiom		0	This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah	The idiom “the word of Yahweh that came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	47	1	z4d3	figs-idiom		0	This word came to him	The idiom “this word came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave this message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	47	1	n7b3	figs-metonymy		0	before Pharaoh	Here “Pharaoh” represents the Egyptians army. Alternate translation: “before Pharaoh’s army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	47	2	br4s			0	See	The word “see” alerts us to pay attention to what is about to be said.
JER	47	2	na2f	figs-parallelism		0	floods of water are rising in the north. They will be like an overflowing river!	The two phrases have a similar meaning. The enemy army is spoken of as if it were a flood. Alternate translation: “an army in the north will come like a flood. They will be powerful like an overflowing river” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	47	2	wnx1	figs-metaphor		0	they will overflow the land	This continues speaking of the army from the north as an overflowing river. Alternate translation: “like an overflowing river, the army from the north will destroy the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	47	3	yv46	figs-parallelism		0	At the sound of the stamping of their strong horses’ hooves, at the roar of their chariots and the noise of their wheels	Together these represent the sounds of an oncoming army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	47	3	yya7	figs-doublet		0	at the roar of their chariots and the noise of their wheels	These two phrase have similar meanings and they are combined to emphasize the loud noise they will make. Alternate translation: “at the very loud sound of the wheels of the chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	47	4	q4r1	figs-metaphor		0	For the day is coming that will devastate all of the Philistines, to cut off from Tyre	This speaks of a day as if it were something that travels and arrives in a place. Alternate translation: “For on that day, the enemy army will devastate all of the Philistines and cut off from Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	47	4	f7br	figs-metaphor		0	to cut off from Tyre and Sidon every survivor who wants to help them	Removing someone is spoken of as if they were cut off the way a person may cut a branch from a tree or a piece of cloth from a garment. Alternate translation: “to remove anyone who may want to help Tyre and Sidon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	47	4	g199	translate-names		0	Caphtor	This is the name of an island of the northern region of the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	47	5	u8ep	figs-abstractnouns		0	Baldness will come upon Gaza	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **baldness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “bald.” “Gaza” represents the people. Alternate translation: “The people of Gaza will shave their heads bald” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	47	5	yv2n	translate-symaction		0	Baldness	The shaving of the entire head or portions of the head is a sign of great sorrow practiced by idol worshipers in nations such as Philistia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER	47	5	dw3l	figs-euphemism		0	the people … will be made silent	This could mean: (1) the people will be silent because they are mourning or (2) this is a euphemism that means the enemy soldiers will kill them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER	47	5	m4h3	figs-rquestion		0	How long will you cut yourself in mourning?	Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people of Ashkelon will never stop mourning. Yahweh speaks to the people as if he were speaking to one woman, who is a metaphor for the city itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will forever cut yourselves in mourning.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER	47	5	f7f4	translate-symaction		0	cut yourself in mourning	The cutting of one’s skin was another practice done by the idol worshipers when they mourn the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER	47	6	eck8	figs-personification		0	sword of Yahweh! How long will it be until you become silent? Go back to your scabbard! Stop and be silent.	The Philistines speak to the sword of Yahweh as if it were a person who could hear them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you who are holding your sword! When will you stop striking us with your sword? Stop your sword and put it back in its scabbard!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	47	6	m6j8	figs-metaphor		0	sword of Yahweh	Yahweh punishing the Philistines by sending the army from the north is spoken of as if Yahweh were striking them with a sword. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	47	6	cid1	figs-rquestion		0	How long will it be until you become silent?	The people of the Philistines use this question to express their deep frustration about the devastation caused by their enemies. This may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Please be silent!” or “Please, Yahweh, stop striking us with your sword!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	47	6	r4br	figs-idiom		0	you become silent	A sword makes a noise as it slashes back and forth. Asking the sword to be silent means to ask it to stop slashing and killing. Alternate translation: “you rest” or “you stop slashing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	47	6	hg5n			0	scabbard	This is the case used to protect the blade of a sword.
JER	47	7	x3p6	figs-personification		0	How can it rest … along the sea?	Here Jeremiah is speaking. He continues speaking of the sword of Yahweh as if it were a person who could rest. Yahweh punishing the Philistines by sending the army of the north is spoken of as if Yahweh were striking the people with a sword. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It cannot rest … along the sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	47	7	w3uj	figs-rquestion		0	How can it rest when Yahweh has commanded it, when he has ordered … the sea?	Jeremiah uses a question to mean that the sword cannot stop since Yahweh has commanded it to continue killing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It cannot stop, for Yahweh has commanded it. He has ordered … the sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	48	intro	d44i			0		# Jeremiah 48 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 48:1-25, 28-33, 39-47.<br><br>Jeremiah’s prophesies about other nations continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Obeying Yahweh<br><br>Moab worshiped and served other gods. Despite this, Yahweh expected every nation to worship and serve him and him alone. They were punished because of it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
JER	48	1	r24j	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	48	1	kuu3	figs-metonymy		0	To Moab	Here “Moab” represents the people. Alternate translation: “To the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	48	1	tu4z			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	48	1	xw9v	figs-metonymy		0	Woe to Nebo, for it has been devastated	Here “Nebo” represents the people. Alternate translation: “How terrible it is for the people of Nebo, for their city is devastated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	48	1	b21z	translate-names		0	Nebo	This is the name of a city near Mount Nebo in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	48	1	vv99	figs-metonymy		0	Kiriathaim has been humiliated	Here “Kiriathaim has been humiliated” represents the people being humiliated. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy has captured the city of Kiriathaim and humiliated the people who live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	48	1	e7lp	translate-names		0	Kiriathaim	This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	48	1	w4q3	figs-metonymy		0	Her fortress has been disgraced	Here “fortress has been disgraced” represents the people being disgraced. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy has destroyed the fortress in Kiriathaim and disgraced its people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	48	2	f8nr			0	The honor of Moab is no more	Alternate translation: “People no longer honor Moab” or “People no longer praise Moab”
JER	48	2	hq3s	translate-names		0	Heshbon	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	48	2	dmn9	translate-names		0	Madmen will also perish	“Madmen” here is a town in Moab. The name of the city has nothing to do with the English word “madmen.” Alternate translation: “Their enemies will destroy the city of Madmen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	48	2	ie7u	figs-metonymy		0	a sword will go after you	Here “sword” represents the enemy army carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “your enemies will chase after you and kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	48	3	f5ti	translate-names		0	Horonaim	This is the name of a town in the south of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	48	3	ue2v	figs-doublet		0	ruin and great destruction	These two terms mean the same thing. Together they emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	48	4	u8km	figs-activepassive		0	Moab has been destroyed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy army has destroyed Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	48	4	h6mu	figs-metonymy		0	Her children	This could mean: (1) the children who lived in Moab or (2) “children” is a metonym that represents the people of Moab in general. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	48	5	uj9q	translate-names		0	Luhith	This is the name of a place in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	48	5	cpt9	figs-abstractnouns		0	because of the destruction	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroyed.” Alternate translation: “because their town is destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	48	6	lhh3			0	Save your lives	The word “your” refers to the people of Moab.
JER	48	6	kv9q	figs-simile		0	become like a juniper bush in the wilderness	The people fleeing from their cities into the desert is compared to a bush or shrub that grows in the desert. Alternate translation: “become like a shrub that grows in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JER	48	7	gkg1	figs-abstractnouns		0	because of your trust	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **trust**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “because you trusted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	48	7	z18z			0	in your practices	Alternate translation: “in your own efforts” or “in your own work”
JER	48	7	v42e	figs-activepassive		0	you also will be captured	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the enemy army will also capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	48	7	x4hy	translate-names		0	Then Chemosh will go away into captivity	“Chemosh” is the chief god of the Moabites. This means the enemy army will take the idol of Chemosh that the people made to worship. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will take your god Chemosh as a captive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	48	8	uxi3	figs-explicit		0	For the destroyer will come to every city	Here “the destroyer” represents the enemy army. Alternate translation: “For the enemy army will come to every city and destroy it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	48	8	wca7	figs-metonymy		0	no city will escape	Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “no people from any city will escape” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	48	8	e6c4	figs-metonymy		0	So the valley will perish and the plain will be devastated	Here “valley” and “plain” represent the cities and the people in those places Alternate translation: “So the enemy army will destroy everything in the valleys and on the plains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	48	9	jd6u	figs-metaphor		0	Give wings to Moab, for she must certainly fly away	Helping the people is spoken of as if they would put wings on the people so that could fly away. Alternate translation: “Help the people of Moab to escape as if you were giving them wings to fly away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	48	9	eq9z			0	Give wings to Moab, for she must certainly fly away	The translation of the original language is uncertain. Some Bibles translate this as “Set up a tombstone for Moab, for the enemy will certainly destroy it.” Other Bibles translate it as “Put salt on the cities of Moab, for the enemy will completely destroy it.” Enemies through salt on ruins to keep thing from ever growing there again.
JER	48	10	c5zb	figs-metonymy		0	from shedding blood	Here “blood” represents a person’s life. And “shedding blood” is an idiom that means to kill. Alternate translation: “from killing people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	48	11	lvs4	figs-personification		0	Moab has felt secure since he was young … He is … his wine … He has never gone … he tastes … his flavor	Here Yahweh speaks of Moab as if it were a man. Here it represents the people of Moab. All occurrences of “he” and “his” can be stated as “they,” “their,” or “them.” Alternate translation: “Even from their earliest times, the people of Moab have felt secure … They are … their wine … They have never gone … they tastes … their flavor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	48	11	tpx9	figs-explicit		0	He is like his wine that has never been poured from pot to pot	For wine to taste good, it has to be left undisturbed for a long time and not poured from one pot to another. Yahweh compares the people of Moab, who are prosperous because no one has ever conquered them and taken them as captives, to wine that is undisturbed and has a good flavor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	48	12	mt13			0	So see, the days are coming	Alternate translation: “Listen carefully because there will be a time”
JER	48	12	p3kf	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	48	12	z48t	figs-metaphor		0	I will send him those who will tip him over and pour out all his pots and shatter his jars	The enemy army defeating the people of Moab and taking them as captives is spoken of as if the people of Moab are wine and someone will come and pour them out and break the wine jars. Alternate translation: “I will send an army that will destroy them as if they were pouring out wine and breaking the jars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	48	12	nky7	figs-personification		0	send him … tip him over … his pots … his jars	Here Yahweh speaks of Moab as if it were a man. Here it represents the people of Moab. All occurrences of “he,” “his,” and “him” in 48:11-12 can be stated as “they,” “their,” or “them.” Alternate translation: “send them … tip them over … their pots … their jars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	48	13	le7f	figs-metonymy		0	Then Moab	Here “Moab” represents the people. Alternate translation: “Then the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	48	13	biu2	translate-names		0	Chemosh	Chemosh is the chief god of the Moabites. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:7](../48/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	48	13	qrf9	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	48	13	fr2l			0	Bethel	This could mean: (1) this refers to the city of Bethel where the Israelites worshiped a golden calf or (2) Bethel is the name of a false god the Israelites worshiped.
JER	48	14	r8r7	figs-rquestion		0	How can you say, ‘We are soldiers, powerful fighting men’?	Here Yahweh is speaking to the soldiers of Moab. Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the soldiers. Alternate translation: “No longer can you say, ‘We are soldiers, powerful fighting men.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	48	15	z5yr	figs-activepassive		0	Moab will be devastated and its cities attacked	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will devastate Moab and attack its cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	48	15	b73e	figs-metaphor		0	its finest young men have gone down to the place of slaughter	The best men of Moab going to battle and being killed is spoken of as if they were animals taken to a place to be slaughtered. Alternate translation: “their fine young men will all be slaughtered” or “the enemy army will kill all of the finest men of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	48	15	x1zc	figs-123person		0	This is the king’s declaration	Here “king” refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 46:18](../46/18.md). Alternate translation: “This is what I, the king, declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	48	16	f7i9	figs-parallelism		0	Moab’s disaster is soon to happen; calamity is hurrying quickly	These two sentences mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Moab’s destruction will happen very soon. Alternate translation: “Moab’s enemies will destroy her very soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	48	16	u5tf	figs-metaphor		0	calamity is hurrying quickly	Something terrible happening soon is spoken of as if calamity were something that could move quickly to a place. Alternate translation: “terrible things will happen very soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	48	17	l1hb	figs-metonymy		0	the strong staff, the honored rod, has been broken	Here the words “staff” and “rod” represent the power and political support that Moab provided to other nations. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moab’s enemies have ended her great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	48	18	f8bi	figs-metaphor		0	you daughter living in Dibon	The people of Dibon are spoken of as if they were the daughter of Dibon. Alternate translation: “you people living in Dibon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	48	18	l7bv	translate-names		0	Dibon	This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	48	18	y9wk			0	the one who will destroy Moab	Alternate translation: “the enemy army that will destroy Moab”
JER	48	19	l7di	translate-names		0	Aroer	This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	48	19	vrl3			0	Ask the ones	Alternate translation: “Ask the people” or “Ask the men and women”
JER	48	20	zk9c	figs-metonymy		0	Moab has been shamed, for it has been shattered	Here “Moab” represents the people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people are disgraced, for the enemy army has destroyed Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	48	20	lmj3			0	Howl and lament	Alternate translation: “Cry loudly in pain and anger”
JER	48	20	zl7d	figs-activepassive		0	that Moab has been devastated	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the enemy army has devastated Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	48	21	m1zb	figs-activepassive		0	punishment has come to the hill country, to Holon … Mephaath	Yahweh punishing the people of the hill country and cities of Moab is spoken of as if punishment were something that could travel and arrive in a place. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will punish the people of the hill country, of Holon … Mephaath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	48	21	wa5a	translate-names		0	Holon, Jahzah, and Mephaath	These are cities in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	48	24	z44v	translate-names		0	Bozrah	a city in Moab (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	48	25	y4ql	figs-parallelism		0	The horn of Moab has been hacked off; its arm has been broken	Both of these statements mean the same thing. Here “horn” and “arm” represent power. To have these hacked off or broken means to lose one’s power. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moab has become weak; the people are not able to fight anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	48	25	b8p9	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	48	26	r5qs	figs-imperative		0	Make him drunk, because he acted proudly against Yahweh	Yahweh is speaking. The command “Make him drunk” indicates what Yahweh will cause to happen. Here “him” and “he” refers to Moab which represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, will cause the people of Moab to be drunk, for they acted proudly against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	48	26	v6it	figs-metaphor		0	Make him drunk	Here people experiencing Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if they were drunk on wine, acting foolishly so that people laugh at them. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to be like a drunk person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	48	26	lx5w	figs-metaphor		0	Let Moab wallow in his vomit … an object of ridicule	Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Moab as if they were a drunk person. Alternate translation: “Now the people of Moab will be like a person who wallows in his vomit … an object of ridicule (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	48	26	ln6t			0	let him be an object of ridicule	Alternate translation: “so that people will laugh at him”
JER	48	27	hq3z	figs-rquestion		0	For did not Israel become an object for laughter to you?	Yahweh uses a question to remind the people of Moab how they treated the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “For you used to mock and laugh at the people of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	48	27	j56c	figs-metonymy		0	Israel … Was he found … at him … about him	Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel … Were they found … at them … about them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	48	27	ft2u	figs-rquestion		0	Was he found among thieves, so that you shook your head … about him?	Here Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the people of Moab for treating the people of Israel with shame though they did nothing wrong. Alternate translation: “Although they were not thieves, you still shook your head … about him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	48	27	s168	translate-symaction		0	shook your head at him	This is a symbolic action that shows feeling of scorn or disgust towards someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER	48	28	e2f5			0	cliffs	A cliff is a steep side of a mountain.
JER	48	28	ag7z	figs-simile		0	Become like a dove … in the rocks	This simile emphasizes the people should leave their cities and live in the rocky cliffs to hide from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	48	28	bp3p	figs-idiom		0	the mouth of a hole in the rocks	Here “mouth of a hole” is an idiom that means the entrance to a cave. Alternate translation: “the entrance to caves” or “an opening in the rocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	48	29	zjt4			0	We have heard	Here “We” refers generally to all the people in the surrounding area.
JER	48	29	c6m3			0	arrogance … haughtiness … pride … self-glory … conceit in his heart	All of these words have similar meanings. They are used together to emphasize the extreme pride of the people of Moab.
JER	48	29	qa3k	figs-metonymy		0	the conceit in his heart	Here “heart” represents a person’s inner being. Alternate translation: “his conceit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	48	30	sx8k	figs-rpronouns		0	I myself know his defiant speech	The word “myself” is used to emphasize that Yahweh was the one who knew about Moab’s defiant speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER	48	30	wf2k	figs-metonymy		0	his defiant speech … like his deeds	Here “his” refers to Moab which represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “their defiant speech … like their deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	48	30	s8fk	figs-abstractnouns		0	his defiant speech	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **speech**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “that he has spoken pridefully” or “that he has spoken arrogant words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	48	31	jtn1	figs-parallelism		0	I will howl a lament for Moab, and I will shout in sorrow for all of Moab	Both of these statements mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “I will cry loudly for the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	48	31	cdx5			0	I will howl	This could mean: (1) “I” refers to Jeremiah or (2) “I” refers to Yahweh.
JER	48	31	x2jk			0	howl	a sad and loud cry that a person makes when he is in pain or deep sorrow
JER	48	31	be4l	translate-names		0	Kir Hareseth	This is the name of the old capital city of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	48	32	xbx7	translate-names		0	Jazer … Sibmah	These are the names of two towns in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	48	32	xk3l	figs-metaphor		0	vine of Sibmah! Your branches passed … your wine	The town of Sibmah had many vineyards. Here, Yahweh speaks to the people of Sibmah as if there were a grapevine. Alternate translation: “people of Sibmah, who are like a grapevine with branches that passed … your wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	48	32	z5h3	figs-metaphor		0	The destroyers have attacked your summer fruit and your wine	Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Sibmah as if they were a grapevine. Alternate translation: “The destroyers have attacked you and have taken the fruit from your vineyards and your wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	48	32	lk5n			0	The destroyers have	Alternate translation: “The enemy army has”
JER	48	33	kv8p	figs-abstractnouns		0	So celebration and rejoicing have been taken away from the fruit trees and the land of Moab	The abstract nouns “celebration” and “rejoicing” can be stated as verbs. The phrase “have been taken away” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab will no longer celebrate and rejoice because of their fruit trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	48	33	fn4p			0	I have put an end to the wine from their winepresses	Alternate translation: “I have stopped the wine from their winepresses” or “I have stopped the people from making wine”
JER	48	33	u8yw			0	I have put an end	Here “I” refers to Yahweh.
JER	48	33	db16	figs-explicit		0	They will not tread	The wine makers would stomp on the grapes to squeeze out the juice. Alternate translation: “The wine makers will not stomp the grapes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	48	34	hx1i	translate-names		0	Heshbon	Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	48	34	zq8f	translate-names		0	Elealeh … Jahaz … Zoar … Horonaim … Eglath Shelishiyah	These are names of other cities in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	48	34	puy7	translate-names		0	Nimrim	This is the name of a stream or river near the Dead Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	48	35	ler4	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	48	36	jaw6	figs-synecdoche		0	my heart is lamenting for Moab like a flute	Here “heart” represents the whole person. The person’s sad crying is compared to the sad music played on a flute at a funeral. Alternate translation: “I cry sadly for Moab. My cries are like the sad music a person plays on a flute at a funeral” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	48	36	qwv8			0	my heart	This could mean: (1) “my” refers to Jeremiah or (2) “my” refers to Yahweh.
JER	48	36	b311	translate-names		0	Kir Hareseth	Kir Hareseth was an ancient capital of Moab. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:31](../48/31.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	48	37	mzh2	translate-symaction		0	For every head is bald and every beard shaved. Incisions are on every hand, and sackcloth is around their waists	These are all things that the people of Moab did when they were mourning or expressing deep sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER	48	37	t4g3			0	Incisions	cuts made on the skin
JER	48	38	yc69	figs-abstractnouns		0	There is mourning everywhere	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **mourning**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “There are people mourning everywhere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	48	38	vhp3			0	every flat roof	Alternate translation: “every housetop”
JER	48	38	k4ve			0	plazas	open public areas, such as open marketplaces
JER	48	38	x6fh			0	For I have destroyed	The word “I” refers to Yahweh
JER	48	38	aj4j	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	48	39	bl2b	figs-exclamations		0	How it has been shattered! How they howl in their lamenting!	Here “How” begins exclamations. The phrase “has been shattered” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have completely shattered them! They shout loudly and weep!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	48	39	kh25			0	howl	a sad and loud cry that a person makes when he is in pain
JER	48	39	n6k8	figs-metonymy		0	Moab turns its back in shame	Here Moab represents the people. To turn one’s back is a sign of feeling ashamed. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab turn their backs in shame” or “The people of Moab are ashamed and will not show their faces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER	48	39	b4ii	figs-abstractnouns		0	So Moab will become an object of derision and a terror to all those who are around him	This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “derision” and “terror.” Alternate translation: “So all the people nearby will be terrified at what happened to the people of Moab and they will mock them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	48	40	m362	figs-simile		0	the enemy will come flying like an eagle, spreading out his wings	These phrases compare how a powerful army will descend on Moab and conquer it to the way an eagle swoops down to capture its prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	48	41	bm6y	figs-activepassive		0	Kerioth has been captured, and its strongholds have been seized	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy has captured Kerioth and seized its strongholds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	48	41	ud2e	translate-names		0	Kerioth	This is a city in Moab. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:24](../48/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	48	41	l119	figs-simile		0	in that day the hearts of Moab’s soldiers … women in birth labor	This phrase compares the fear that will overwhelm the soldiers of Moab to the fear a woman may feel when she is about to give birth to her child. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	48	41	nyn5	figs-metonymy		0	the hearts of Moab’s soldiers will be like the hearts of women in birth labor	Here “hearts” represent a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “Moab’s soldiers will be afraid like a woman about to give birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	48	42	a6pz	figs-activepassive		0	So Moab will be destroyed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So the enemy will destroy the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	48	43	dsi5	figs-idiom		0	Terror and the pit, and a trap are coming on you	Here “coming on you” is an idiom that means “to experience” something. Alternate translation: “You will experience the terror, the pit, and a trap” or “You will be terrified, and you will fall into pits and traps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	48	43	r55q	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	48	44	qa8k	figs-synecdoche		0	fall into the pit … caught in the trap	Here “the pit” and “the trap” represent all the different bad things that will happen to the people. People will run away to escape one bad thing but they will just experience another bad thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	48	44	n33r			0	in the year of	Here, “year” could be translated as “time” or “season” or “time period.”
JER	48	45	gbj4			0	The ones who flee	This refers to the people who were able to run away during the destruction of Moab.
JER	48	45	jpn8	figs-metonymy		0	will stand in the shadow of Heshbon	Here “in the shadow” represents protection or shelter. Alternate translation: “will hide in Heshbon for protection” or “will go to Heshbon for shelter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	48	45	ypv8	figs-parallelism		0	for fire will go out from Heshbon, flame from the middle of Sihon	These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that Moab’s destruction will begin and spread out from Heshbon, where King Sihon once lived. Alternate translation: because a fire will burn in Heshbon, which is the city where King Sihon lived long ago (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	48	45	r5h5	translate-names		0	Heshbon	Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	48	45	m2yh	translate-names		0	Sihon	This is the name of an Amorite king who once ruled over Heshbon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	48	45	ail8	figs-synecdoche		0	It will devour the forehead of Moab and the top of the heads of the boastful people	Here “forehead” and “top of the heads” represent the people of Moab as a whole. Alternate translation: “It will burn up all the people in Moab who noisily boasted very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	48	45	rkn8			0	forehead	the part of the face that is above the eyes, but below the hairline
JER	48	46	fd8h	figs-explicit		0	Chemosh’s people are destroyed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy army has destroyed the people who worship Chemosh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	48	46	dpj3			0	Chemosh	This is the chief god of the Moabites. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 48:7](../48/07.md).
JER	48	46	k4g8	figs-activepassive		0	your sons are taken as captives and your daughters into captivity	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the enemy army has taken your sons and daughters as captives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	48	47	b2it			0	I will restore the fortunes of Moab	“I will cause things to go well for Moab again” or “I will cause Moab to live well again.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
JER	48	47	ei27	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	48	47	i5t1			0	The judgment on Moab ends here	Alternate translation: “That is the end of what Jeremiah prophesied about Moab”
JER	49	intro	t6np			0		# Jeremiah 49 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 49:1-11, 14-27, 29-33, 37-39 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are part of a long quotation.<br><br>Jeremiah’s prophesies about other nations conclude in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Covenant with Abraham<br>Ammon is destroyed because it drove the people of the tribe of Gad from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham’s descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br>### Rhetorical questions<br>There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these rhetorical questions is to convict those Yahweh addresses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	49	1	q42f	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
JER	49	1	tz36			0	Yahweh says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	49	1	rj3z	figs-rquestion		0	Does Israel have no children? Is there no one to inherit anything in Israel? Why does Molech occupy Gad, and his people live in its cities?	Yahweh uses a question to express that the people of Israel should be living in Gad rather than those who worship Molech. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There are plenty of Israelites to inherit the land of Israel. The people who worship the false idol, Molech, should not live in Gad.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	49	1	t5qg	figs-metonymy		0	Why does Molech	Here “Molech” represents the people who worship Molech. Alternate translation: “Why do the people who worship Molech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	49	2	lb84			0	So look	This adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look and listen”
JER	49	2	b61d	figs-metaphor		0	days are coming … when I will	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will” or “there will be a time … when I will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	49	2	i8qt	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	49	2	jfb2	figs-metaphor		0	when I will sound the signal for battle	Yahweh causing an army to attack is spoken of as if he would sound the signal for the battle to start. Alternate translation: “when I will cause the enemy army to sound the signal for battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	49	2	cl24			0	its villages will be set on fire	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the enemy army will burn their villages”
JER	49	2	p4ct	figs-metonymy		0	For Israel will possess those who possessed him	Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. “Those” refers to people of Ammon, who represent the land that they took from Israel. Alternate translation: “Then the people of Israel will again possess the land that the people of Ammon took away from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	49	3	ve5q			0	Howl in lament	Alternate translation: “Cry loudly and weep”
JER	49	3	ywk1	translate-names		0	Heshbon	Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/02.md). Here “Heshbon” represents the people. Alternate translation: “people of Heshbon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	49	3	kfc8	figs-activepassive		0	for Ai will be devastated	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for your enemies will devastate Ai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	49	3	bf53	figs-metaphor		0	daughters of Rabbah	This could mean: (1) “daughters” represent the women who live in Rabbah. Alternate translation: “women of Rabbah” or (2) all the people in general are spoken of as if they are the daughters of Rabbah. Alternate translation: “people of Rabbah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	49	3	z6g9			0	for Molech is going into captivity	“for your enemies will take your god Molech captive.” This means the enemies will take the idol that represents Molech back to their land.
JER	49	4	p3m1	figs-rquestion		0	Why do you brag about your valleys … daughter?	Yahweh uses a question to scold the people for bragging about the large amount of fruit that grows in their valleys. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not be proud of your valleys … daughter.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	49	4	ve6p			0	Why do you brag about your valleys, your valleys that are so fruitful	Some versions of the Bible read, “Why do you brag about your strength, your strength which is ebbing away”
JER	49	4	a3g4	figs-metaphor		0	faithless daughter	Here, the people of Ammon are spoken of as if they were a daughter. Alternate translation: “faithless people” or “rebellious people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	49	4	yq5q	figs-rquestion		0	say, ‘Who will come against me?’	The Ammonites use this question to state that they do not believe anyone can defeat them. It can be reworded as an indirect statement. Alternate translation: “falsely think that no one can defeat you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JER	49	5	a2bs			0	you	The word “you” refers to the people of Ammon.
JER	49	5	wlw8	figs-abstractnouns		0	this terror will come from all those who surround you. Each one of you will be scattered before it	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with the verb “terrify.” The phrase “will be scattered” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will cause all those around you to terrify you. Each one of you flee to different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	49	7	j239			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	49	7	j6lv	figs-rquestion		0	Is there no longer any wisdom to be found in Teman?	Yahweh uses a question to scold the people of Teman for not acting wisely. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems that there are no longer any wise people in Teman!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	49	7	rhs5	translate-names		0	Teman	This is the name of a district in Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	49	7	c4hs	figs-parallelism		0	Has good advice … understanding? Has their wisdom become corrupted?	The same idea is expressed in two different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	49	7	hk68	figs-rquestion		0	Has good advice disappeared from those who have understanding?	Yahweh uses this question to scold the people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems that there are no longer any wise people in Teman district in Edom!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	49	7	gu21	figs-rquestion		0	Has their wisdom become corrupted?	Yahweh uses this question to scold the people. This question may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Their advice is no longer wise.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	49	8	mu6m	translate-names		0	Dedan	The is the name of a city in Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	49	8	b1f3	figs-metonymy		0	I am bringing the disaster of Esau on him at the time that I punish him	Here “Esau” represents the people of Edom. The Edomites were descendants of Esau. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Edom to experience disaster when I punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	49	8	wxg4	figs-123person		0	on him … I punish him	Yahweh is speaking to the people of Edom. This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “on you … I punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	49	9	rj8q	figs-rquestion		0	If grape harvesters … would they not leave a little bit behind?	Yahweh uses a question to cause the people to think about how grape harvesters leave some grapes behind. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “If grape harvesters … they would certainly leave some grapes behind.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	49	9	j7jl	figs-rquestion		0	If thieves … would they not steal only as much as they wanted?	Yahweh uses a question to cause the people to think about how thieves only take what they want. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “If thieves … they would only take as much as they wanted.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	49	10	fyc2	figs-metaphor		0	But I have stripped Esau bare	Yahweh causing an enemy army to come and take everything is spoken of as if Yahweh stripped all the clothes off of Esau. Alternate translation: “But I have sent an army to take everything away from Esau” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	49	10	sn3n	figs-metonymy		0	Esau … his hiding … he will not … hide himself … His children … he is gone	Here “Esau” represents the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom … their hiding … they will not … hide themselves … Their children … they are gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	49	10	i22l			0	I have revealed his hiding places	Alternate translation: “I have made known to the enemy soldiers where the people of Edom hide”
JER	49	12	l9lp			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER	49	12	auj9	figs-metonymy		0	must certainly drink some of the cup … for you will certainly drink	Here “the cup” is a metonym that represents the contents in the cup that the people must drink. The people experiencing Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if Yahweh’s punishment were liquid in a cup and the people must drink it. Alternate translation: “must certainly experience my punishment … for you will certainly experience my punishment” or “I will certainly still punish … for I will certainly punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	49	12	h58s	figs-rquestion		0	Do you yourself think you will go without punishment?	Yahweh uses a question to emphasize the people of Edom have sinned and will certainly be punished. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly, you must be aware that you will personally experience my punishment for your sins.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	49	12	fb4j	figs-you		0	you yourself	The words “you” and “yourself” refer to Edom, which represents the people of Edom. The word “yourself” is used to draw attention to the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “you yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JER	49	13	g6tz	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	49	13	g35q	figs-abstractnouns		0	Bozrah will become a horror, a disgrace, a devastation, and an object for cursing	The abstract nouns “a horror,” “a disgrace,” and “a devastation” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “People will be horrified when they see that the city of Bozrah is devastated. And they will mock the city and use its name when they curse others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	49	13	u174	translate-names		0	Bozrah	This is the name of a city in Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	49	13	d9vp			0	All of its cities	Alternate translation: “All of Edom’s cities”
JER	49	14	ly1e			0	General Information:	Jeremiah is now speaking to the people of Edom.
JER	49	14	h7yn			0	I have heard	The word “I” refers to Jeremiah.
JER	49	14	vb6a	figs-activepassive		0	a messenger has been sent out	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has sent out a messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	49	14	z9ze	figs-ellipsis		0	to the nations, ‘Gather together … for battle.’	It is understood “Gather together” is the beginning of the messenger’s message. Alternate translation: “to tell the nations, ‘Gather together … for battle.’” or “to the nations, and he will tell them, ‘Gather together … for battle.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JER	49	14	uw6a			0	attack her	The word “her” refers to Edom.
JER	49	15	pdt6			0	I have made you	The word “I” refers to Yahweh. Here “you” refers to the nation of Edom.
JER	49	15	g33b	figs-explicit		0	made you small	Here “small” represents having the least political importance. Alternate translation: “made you least important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	49	15	wr35	figs-activepassive		0	despised by people	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and people despise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	49	16	l7en	figs-abstractnouns		0	As for your fearsomeness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fearsomeness**, you can express the same idea with either an adjective or a verb. Alternate translation: “As for how terrifying you think you are” or “Although you think you scare other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	49	16	kjt4	figs-metonymy		0	your heart’s pride has deceived you	Here “heart” represents the whole person. People deceiving themselves is spoken of as if their pride deceived them. Alternate translation: “you have become prideful, but you have deceived yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	49	16	mwf3	figs-explicit		0	so that you may make your nest high like an eagle	It is implied that the people made homes in high places to remain safe from enemies. Alternate translation: “live in safety like an eagle in the heights of the mountains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	49	16	v7eu			0	eagle	This is a very large, powerful bird of prey. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:13](../04/13.md).
JER	49	16	lr1b	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	49	17	hj17	figs-abstractnouns		0	Edom will become a horror to everyone passing by it	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **horror**, you can express the same idea with the verb “horrified.” Alternate translation: “The people passing by will be horrified when they what happened to Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	49	17	n5jw	translate-symaction		0	tremble and hiss	The word “hiss” refers to a sound that shows horror or awe. Alternate translation: “shake from fear and gasp” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JER	49	18	ihe5	figs-parallelism		0	no one will live there; no person will stay there	Yahweh says the same thing twice to emphasize that Edom will be completely uninhabited. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	49	19	f4y5			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
JER	49	19	r4k5	figs-simile		0	he will go up like a lion from the forests of the Jordan to the green pasturelands	This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “When I punish the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of forest and attacks sheep in the pasture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	49	19	k55q			0	pasturelands	This is land covered with grass where animals feed on the grass.
JER	49	19	yjn4	figs-metonymy		0	Edom run from it	Here “Edom” represents the people. “It” refers to the land. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom will run from their land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	49	19	c4yq	figs-activepassive		0	who will be chosen	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom I will choose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	49	19	l6pt	figs-rquestion		0	For who is like me, and who will summon me?	Yahweh uses the question to emphasize that no one is like him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “For no one is like me, no one can summon me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	49	19	j5u5			0	who will summon me	Alternate translation: “who will challenge me” or “who will call me to account”
JER	49	19	y36a	figs-rquestion		0	What shepherd is able to resist me?	Yahweh uses the question to show no one can defeat him. Here “shepherd” is a metaphor for “king” or “ruler.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No king is able to resist me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	49	20	kqc2			0	the inhabitants of Teman	Alternate translation: “the people who live in Teman”
JER	49	20	yyc7			0	Teman	Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 49:7](../49/07.md).
JER	49	20	x5ym	figs-metaphor		0	They will certainly be dragged away, even the smallest flock	This continues speaking of Yahweh punishing the people of Edom as if he would come like a lion and attack the sheep. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will drag them away, even the smallest flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	49	20	k44h	figs-metaphor		0	even the smallest flock	Here the youngest and weakest people of Edom are spoken of as if they are the smallest flock of sheep. Alternate translation: “even the weakest and the smallest people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	49	20	qbe4	figs-metaphor		0	Their pasturelands will be turned into ruined places	Here the land of Edom is spoken of as if it were pasturelands for flocks. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will turn their pasturelands into ruined places” or “He will completely get rid of the people who live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	49	21	c9gl	figs-metaphor		0	At the sound of their falling the earth shakes	The loud sound of Edom being destroyed is spoken of as if Edom were a large object that shakes the earth when it falls. Alternate translation: “When enemies come and destroy Edom, the noise will be extremely loud, with the result that the earth will shake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	49	21	mw81	figs-activepassive		0	The sound of distressed shouts is heard at the Sea of Reeds	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People at the Sea of Reeds will hear the people of Edom crying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	49	22	u1u7			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JER	49	22	u5hd	figs-simile		0	someone will attack like an eagle, and swoop down and spread his wings	This simile means that when the enemy army attacks it will be vicious and unexpected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	49	22	fk85	translate-names		0	Bozrah	Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:24](../48/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	49	22	u2ir	figs-metonymy		0	the hearts of Edom’s soldiers will become like the heart of a woman in birth labor	Here “hearts” represent a person’s emotions. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 48:41](../48/41.md). Alternate translation: “Edom’s soldiers will be afraid like a woman about to give birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	49	23	v81s			0	General Information:	Yahweh tells what will happen to the people of Damascus.
JER	49	23	yc2q	figs-metonymy		0	Hamath and Arpad will be ashamed	Here “Hamath” and “Arpad” represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people who live in Hamath and Arpad will be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	49	23	ecb7	translate-names		0	Hamath and Arpad	These are cities in Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	49	23	tpi9	figs-metaphor		0	They melt away	A person being afraid is spoken of as if the person were melting. Alternate translation: “They are very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	49	23	pe7l	figs-simile		0	They become as troubled as the sea, which cannot stay calm	The water of the sea is always moving and is never still. This is compared to the people who cannot rest because they are so anxious about the bad news they heard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	49	24	tg9v	figs-metonymy		0	Damascus has become very weak. It turns … seizes it	Here “Damascus” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people of Damascus have become very weak. They turn … seizes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	49	24	ik2u			0	terror seizes it	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with the verb “terrified.” Alternate translation: “Damascus is terrified” or “The people of Damascus are terrified”
JER	49	24	b8u2	figs-abstractnouns		0	Distress and pain seize it, like the pain of a woman giving birth	This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “distress” and “pain.” The people are compared to a woman giving birth to emphasize their pain and fear. Alternate translation: “The people are afraid and suffering like a woman giving birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	49	25	u3wm	figs-rquestion		0	How has the city of praise not been forsaken, the town of my joy?	Yahweh uses a question to express that the people should have left the city. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “This famous city once caused me to rejoice, but now the people should leave it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	49	25	c4ki			0	How has the city of praise not been forsaken, the town of my joy?	Some Bibles translate this with the people of Damascus speaking. Alternate translation: “The people of Damascus say, ‘The famous city, which once made us rejoice, is now empty.’”
JER	49	26	b744			0	its	The word “its” refers to Damascus and its people.
JER	49	26	p99r	figs-metaphor		0	its young men will fall in its plazas	They young men being killed is spoken of as if they will fall. Alternate translation: “enemies will kill the young men of Damascus in its plazas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	49	26	sd8d	figs-123person		0	this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	49	27	zq53	figs-metonymy		0	I will light a fire	Causing the enemy army to light a fire is spoken of as if Yahweh will light the fire. Alternate translation: “I will cause the enemy army to light a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	49	27	xw47			0	it will devour	Alternate translation: “the fire will completely burn up”
JER	49	27	ghf4	translate-names		0	Ben Hadad	This the name or title of the king of Damascus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	49	28	vn4c			0	General Information:	Jeremiah speaks about what will happen to Kedar.
JER	49	28	xl4r	translate-names		0	Kedar	This is the name of a land far to the east of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:10](../02/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	49	28	fp4y	translate-names		0	Hazor	This is the name of kingdom or district far to the east of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	49	28	l7n2	writing-background		0	now Nebuchadnezzar	Here “now” introduces background information about Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JER	49	28	yq1x	figs-metonymy		0	Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon was going to attack	Here “Nebuchadnezzar” represents his army. Alternate translation: “the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon was going to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	49	29	mmd9	figs-activepassive		0	Their tents and their flocks will be taken, along with their tent curtains and all of their equipment	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Your soldiers will take their flocks, tent curtains, and all of their equipment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	49	29	mdi2	figs-activepassive		0	their camels will be led away from them	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your soldiers will take their camels from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	49	29	hri3			0	men will shout to them, “Terror is on every side!”	This could mean: (1) these are men being attacked by the enemy. Alternate translation: “men will shout, ‘We are terrified because terrible things are happening all around us!’” or (2) these are soldiers in the invading army. Alternate translation: “soldiers will shout at them, ‘Be afraid because we are all around you!’”
JER	49	30	a8sg			0	Flee! Wander … Turn back!	Here Yahweh is speaking to the people of Kedar.
JER	49	30	dpv9			0	inhabitants of Hazor	Alternate translation: “people who live in Hazor”
JER	49	30	f53n	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	49	30	l16w			0	devised a plan	Alternate translation: “made a plan”
JER	49	31	dyc3	figs-apostrophe		0	Arise! Attack … themselves	Here Yahweh is speaking to Nebuchadnezzar as if he was there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER	49	31	qnr3	figs-metonymy		0	Attack the nation at ease, that lives in safety	Here “nation” represents the people living there. Alternate translation: “Attack this nation, whose people feel safe and secure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	49	31	hxk3			0	They … them	The words “They” and “them” refer to the people who feel safe and secure.
JER	49	32	bn78	figs-apostrophe		0	For their camels will become plunder, and the abundance of their property will become war plunder	Yahweh is still speaking to Nebuchadnezzar as if he were there listening to him. This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “For your soldiers will take their camels and all of their property” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	49	32	i9ed	figs-metaphor		0	Then I will scatter to every wind	Here “every wind” represents the nations. Alternate translation: “Then I will send to nations in all different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	49	32	m49g			0	those who cut the corners of their hair	This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “those who live on the edge of the wilderness.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 9:26](../09/26.md).
JER	49	32	vge9	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	49	33	kqm2			0	a lair of jackals	“a place where jackals live.” Jackals are fierce wild dogs. See how you translated “jackals” in [Jeremiah 9:11](../09/11.md).
JER	49	33	u8xq	figs-parallelism		0	No one will live there; no human being will stay there	These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Hazor will be completely uninhabited. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	49	34	z9k4			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking about what will happen to Elam.
JER	49	34	iy32	figs-idiom		0	This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	49	35	gga5			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	49	35	f1xj			0	I am about to break the bowmen of Elam, the main part of their power	Alternate translation: “The archers made Elam very powerful, but I will stop them”
JER	49	35	phc1			0	bowmen	men who are skilled with a bow and arrows
JER	49	36	k5pp	figs-idiom		0	I will bring the four winds from the four corners of the heavens	Here “four winds from the four corners” is an idiom that represents wind blowing from every direction. Alternate translation: “I will cause the winds to blow from every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	49	36	p5sx	figs-metaphor		0	I will bring the four winds from the four corners of the heavens	Here “winds” represents nations. And the nations are a synecdoche representing the armies from those nations. Causing armies to come from all directions is spoken of as if Yahweh will cause wind to blow from all directions Alternate translation: “I will bring your enemies from every direction to attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	49	36	hx53	figs-metaphor		0	to all of those winds	Here “winds” represents “nations.” Alternate translation: “to all those nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	49	36	a1gl	figs-doublenegatives		0	There is no nation to which those scattered from Elam will not go	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will scatter the people of Elam to every nation on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JER	49	37	pcx2	figs-metonymy		0	I will shatter Elam	These words are a metonym for Yahweh causing enemies to destroy Elam. Alternate translation: “I will cause Elam’s enemies to destroy Elam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	49	37	z98d	figs-metonymy		0	Elam	the people of Elam (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	49	37	e227	figs-metaphor		0	those who seek their lives	Seeking a person’s life represents wanting or desiring to kill someone. Alternate translation: “those who want to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	49	37	l2b9	figs-metaphor		0	I will bring disaster against them	Yahweh causing people to experience disaster is spoken of as if he would bring disaster against them. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to experience disaster” or “I will cause terrible things to happen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	49	37	kkm4	figs-metonymy		0	the sword after them	Here “sword” represents the enemy army carrying their weapons. Alternate translation: “the enemy army to pursue and kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	49	38	we6b	figs-metonymy		0	I will put my throne in Elam	Here “throne” represents Yahweh’s right to rule and judge as the king. Alternate translation: “I will judge the people of Elam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	49	39	s61m			0	in later days	Alternate translation: “in the future”
JER	50	intro	dyn1			0		# Jeremiah 50 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 50:1-5, 6-46.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Babylon destroyed<br><br>Babylon will be conquered and the Jews will return to their homeland. At this time, Babylon controlled almost the entire Near East. The fulfillment of this prophecy would have been unthinkable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>### Israel<br>The author sometimes uses the term “Israel” to refer to the people of the old northern kingdom of Israel, and at other times to the nation of Israel as a whole. He switches between these uses several times without warning the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	50	1	mzg3	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	God gives Jeremiah a message about Babylon. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
JER	50	1	je71	figs-idiom		0	This is the word that Yahweh declared	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	50	1	k291	figs-synecdoche		0	by the hand of Jeremiah the prophet	The hand is a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:2](../37/02.md). Alternate translation: “through Jeremiah, who was a prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	50	2	gf1a	figs-parallelism		0	cause them to listen … cause them to listen	This phrase is repeated to emphasize the importance of the command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	50	2	a85t			0	Lift up a signal	Alternate translation: “Put up a sign”
JER	50	2	q3di			0	Babylon is taken	Alternate translation: “Babylon is conquered”
JER	50	2	zzg6	figs-parallelism		0	Bel is made ashamed. Marduk is dismayed. Its idols are put to shame; its images are dismayed	These lines mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh has disgraced the gods of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	50	2	x394	translate-names		0	Bel … Marduk	These are two names for the chief god of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	50	3	g6ih			0	arise against it … live in it	Here “it” refers to Babylon in both phrases.
JER	50	3	daw4			0	her land	The word “her” refers to Babylon.
JER	50	3	sf89	figs-abstractnouns		0	make her land a desolation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “destroy her land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	50	4	xb8i	figs-doublet		0	In those days and at that time	These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the importance of that future time. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 33:15](../33/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	50	4	f3j1	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	50	4	sdx6	figs-metaphor		0	seek Yahweh their God	Seeking **Yahweh their God** represents either: (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	50	5	e8cx			0	They will ask	The word “They” refers to the people of Israel or the people of Judah who are returning from Babylon to Jerusalem.
JER	50	5	q3s7	figs-idiom		0	join ourselves to Yahweh	This is figurative language used to explain a spiritual connection to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	50	5	ch4b	figs-activepassive		0	that will not be forgotten	This states that the covenant will be obeyed forever. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one will forget” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	50	6	fsj1	figs-metaphor		0	My people have been a lost flock	The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a group of sheep that was lost. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “My people have been like a lost flock of sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	50	6	a67k	figs-metaphor		0	Their shepherds	The leaders of Israel are spoken of as if they were the shepherds of people. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “Their leaders were like shepherds who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	50	6	zpk8			0	turned them around from hill to hill	Alternate translation: “lead them around to many different places”
JER	50	7	h59f	figs-metaphor		0	devoured them	Attacking the people of Israel is spoken of as if a wild animal ate them. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “devoured them like a wild animal would eat its prey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	50	7	u3dr			0	they sinned	The word “they” refers to the people of Israel.
JER	50	7	id3n	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh, the hope of their ancestors	Yahweh is spoken of as the source of their trust. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hope**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the one whom their ancestors confidently expected to help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	50	8	en1b			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking to his people in captivity in Babylon.
JER	50	8	ey2s			0	Leave from the midst of Babylon	This command is addressed to the people of Israel who were in exile in Babylon.
JER	50	8	y6hx	figs-simile		0	be like male goats that leave	Male goats tend to be more independent than the rest of the flock. This could mean: (1) they should be the first to leave Babylon or (2) they should lead the rest of the Israelites away from Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	50	9	dns1			0	For see	The word “see” alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because”
JER	50	9	db8i			0	set in motion	Alternate translation: “stir up”
JER	50	9	rv59	figs-activepassive		0	Babylon will be captured from there	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “These nations will capture Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	50	9	sd99			0	from there	This could mean: (1) “from the north” or (2) “from their battle positions.”
JER	50	9	nm58	figs-simile		0	Their arrows are like a skilled warrior who does not return empty-handed	The effectiveness of the arrows of the attacking nations are spoken of as if they were soldiers that always accomplish their mission. The idiom “empty-handed” means “without success.” Alternate translation: Each of their arrows are like skilled soldiers that always hit their target” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	50	10	n671	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	50	10	wnf6			0	Chaldea will become plunder	Alternate translation: “They will plunder Chaldea”
JER	50	11	a17k			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking to the people of Babylon.
JER	50	11	qcl4	figs-doublet		0	You rejoice, you celebrate	These terms mean the same thing and are used to emphasize how happy they were to conquer Israel. Alternate translation: “You people of Babylon rejoice, celebrate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	50	11	gt23	figs-pronouns		0	You rejoice … you jump … you neigh	Each instance of “You” or “you” is plural and refers to the people of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JER	50	11	sq4c	figs-simile		0	you jump around like a calf stamping in its pasture	The joy of the people of Babylon is compared to a calf who runs around joyfully in a pasture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	50	11	ef11			0	stamping	the action a calf makes when kicking the ground
JER	50	11	e4bz	figs-simile		0	you neigh like a powerful horse	The people of Babylon are compared to stallions that are making loud noises because they are excited. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	50	12	a827	figs-pronouns		0	bore you	The word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JER	50	12	i83h	figs-doublet		0	So your mother will be greatly ashamed; the one who bore you will be embarrassed	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of her embarrassment. The words “mother” and “the one who bore you” refer either to Babylonia or to the city of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	50	12	n6mv			0	the least of nations	Alternate translation: “the most unimportant nation”
JER	50	12	crm8	figs-doublet		0	a wilderness, a dry land, and a desert	These words have basically the same meaning and emphasize the complete barrenness of the land. This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor for an uninhabited place or (2) this refers to Babylon literally becoming a barren wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	50	13	mm1s	figs-abstractnouns		0	a complete devastation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **devastation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	50	13	fl2h			0	shudder	shake violently due to fear
JER	50	13	tj8m			0	hiss	make a sound like a snake that means great disapproval
JER	50	14	z26z			0	General Information:	Yahweh tells the other nations to attack Babylon.
JER	50	14	wrr7	figs-explicit		0	Arrange yourselves against Babylon	Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon arrange yourselves against her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	50	14	p1p9			0	Arrange yourselves	Alternate translation: “Line up in military formation” or “Form battle lines”
JER	50	14	z8c6			0	Everyone who bends a bow	This refers to the soldiers who use bows and arrows to fight.
JER	50	14	m55f	figs-personification		0	shoot at her	Jeremiah speaks of the people who live in the city of Babylon as if they were the city itself, and he speaks of the city as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “shoot at the people in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	50	14	a1ig			0	Do not keep back any of your arrows	This emphasizes that they should shoot all their arrows. Alternate translation: “Shoot every one of your arrows at her”
JER	50	14	x188	figs-personification		0	she has sinned	Jeremiah speaks of the people who live in the city of Babylon as if they were the city itself, and he speaks of the city as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	50	15	smz6	figs-metonymy		0	She has surrendered … she has done	Jeremiah speaks of the people who live in the city of Babylon as if they were the city itself, and he speaks of the city as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “The people of Babylon have surrendered … they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	50	15	ke5w	figs-personification		0	her towers … her walls	Jeremiah speaks of the city of Babylon as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the towers of the city … the walls of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	50	15	pwd7	figs-activepassive		0	her walls are torn down	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the nations have torn down her walls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	50	16	jvv6			0	the farmer who sows seed and the one who uses a sickle	These people collectively represent all the farmers and harvesters of Babylon.
JER	50	16	ifx7			0	the one who uses a sickle at the time of harvest	A “sickle” is a farm tool that people use to harvest grain. Together with the previous phrase, Yahweh is saying that all planting and harvesting will stop in Babylon.
JER	50	16	m3vk	figs-doublet		0	Let each person turn back to his own people … let them flee to their own land	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they strengthen the command for foreigners to flee from Babylon back to their own countries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	50	16	eg2j	figs-metonymy		0	from the oppressor’s sword	Here the word “sword” refers to the armies that will attack Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	50	17	g6hw			0	General Information:	Yahweh speaks to Jeremiah about Israel.
JER	50	17	n1nd	figs-metaphor		0	Israel is a sheep scattered and driven away by lions	Yahweh speaks of Israel as if it were a sheep that was trying to escape from hungry lions. This metaphor can be stated as a simile and in active form. Alternate translation: “Israel is like a sheep that lions scattered and drove away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	50	17	r7en	figs-metonymy		0	Israel	This refers collectively to all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	50	17	n5qc	figs-metonymy		0	the king of Assyria	This refers to the army of the king of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	50	17	ux4g	figs-metaphor		0	devoured him	The destruction of Israel by Assyria is spoken of as if Israel were a sheep that Assyria ate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	50	17	rfs4	figs-metonymy		0	Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon	This refers to the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	50	17	uqu9	figs-metaphor		0	broke his bones	The destruction of Israel by Nebuchadnezzar is spoken of if it were a sheep which had its bones crushed by a lion. Alternate translation: “destroyed Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	50	18	g9kd			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	50	18	v4k1			0	See, I am about to	The word “See” means to pay special attention to what follows.
JER	50	18	wg6j	figs-metonymy		0	his land	Here “land” is a metonym for the people who live in the land of Babylon. Alternate translation: “the Babylonian people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	50	19	wz33			0	I will restore	The word “I” refers to Yahweh.
JER	50	19	gp73	figs-metonymy		0	Israel to his homeland … he will be satisfied	This refers collectively to all the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel to their homeland … they will be satisfied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	50	19	tl27	figs-metaphor		0	he will graze on Carmel and Bashan	Israel is spoken of as if they were sheep that eat grass. Alternate translation: “they will eat food that grows in Carmel and Bashan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	50	20	aqy8	figs-doublet		0	In those days and at that time	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that future time. See how you translated this in as [Jeremiah 33:15](../33/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	50	20	pw89	figs-parallelism		0	iniquity will be looked for in Israel, but none will be found. I will inquire about the sins of Judah, but none will be found	These two lines mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that Yahweh will completely forgive the sins of the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	50	20	vxj6	figs-activepassive		0	iniquity will be looked for in Israel, but none will be found	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will look for iniquity in the people of Israel, but will not find any” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	50	20	k64e	figs-explicit		0	that I spare	They will escape the destruction of Babylon. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “that I allow to escape the destruction of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	50	21	v5u9			0	General Information:	Yahweh speaks to Jeremiah about the enemies of Babylon.
JER	50	21	ajt3	figs-explicit		0	Arise against the land	Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, arise against the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	50	21	bqj7	translate-names		0	Merathaim	This is another name for Babylon. This is a name that means “double rebellion.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	50	21	wh45	translate-names		0	Pekod	This is another name for the Chaldeans. This is a name that means “visitation.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	50	21	h6k6	figs-metonymy		0	Put them to the sword	This refers to having a sword come down on people to kill them. Alternate translation: “Kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	50	21	x5j6	figs-metonymy		0	Put them to the sword	Here the word “sword” represents war. Yahweh speaks of Babylon’s enemies killing them in battle as if he were placing those people under the sword’s power. Alternate translation: “Kill them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	50	22	aq6m	figs-metonymy		0	The sounds of battle and enormous destruction are in the land	These sounds are heard during battle and great destruction. They are spoken of in the present tense to indicate that this will certainly happen soon. Alternate translation: “The sounds of fierce battle and terrible destruction are going to happen soon in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	50	23	y8x3			0	General Information:	Yahweh speaks to the people of Babylon.
JER	50	23	vq6u	figs-metaphor		0	How the hammer of all the lands has been cut apart and destroyed	The army of Babylon is spoken of as if it were a hammer. The destruction of this army is spoken of as if the hammer was to be cut up and destroyed. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “The mighty army of Babylon that conquered all the nations is like a hammer that will be broken into pieces and destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	50	23	gzv9			0	How Babylon has become a destroyed place among the nations	Babylon was a nation like the other nations, but it will become a complete ruin, totally destroyed.
JER	50	24	kl72	figs-metaphor		0	I have set a trap for you and you were taken	The destruction of Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh had caught them in a trap like an animal. Alternate translation: “I set a trap and caught you in it as a hunter catches an animal” or “You people of Babylon, I have set a trap for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	50	24	hn79	figs-activepassive		0	you were taken … You were found and captured	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have captured you … I found you and captured you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	50	25	v2ka	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh has opened his armory and is bringing out the weapons for carrying out his anger	Yahweh’s anger that causes him to send enemies against Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh had an armory and weapons. To open an armory is a metonym for preparing for battle. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has prepared for war and is sending the nations to attack Babylon in his anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	50	25	qd2z			0	armory	this is a building or room where weapons of war are stored
JER	50	26	ek5x			0	Attack her from far away	Yahweh speaks to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, attack her from far away”
JER	50	26	h3rp	figs-metaphor		0	Open her granaries	Here “granaries” represent where Babylon stored its treasures. Alternate translation: “Raid the places where her treasures are stored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	50	26	p24s			0	granaries	buildings where grain is stored
JER	50	26	kge6	figs-simile		0	pile her up like heaps of grain	This could mean: (1) reduce the city to piles of rubble that look like stacks of grain or (2) stack up the plunder from the city like piles of grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	50	26	k8z3	figs-idiom		0	Set her apart for destruction	This idiom means to destroy something completely. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:9](../25/09.md). Alternate translation: “destroy her completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	50	26	uq7q			0	Leave no remnant of her	This is stated in a negative way to emphasize the completeness of the destruction. Alternate translation: “Kill every person in her”
JER	50	27	wv75	figs-metaphor		0	Kill all her bulls. Send them down to the place of slaughter	Here, the word **bulls** could mean: (1) soldiers or (2) strong young men. Killing them is spoken of as taking them to a place of slaughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	50	27	e5p8	figs-explicit		0	Kill all her bulls	Yahweh speaks this to the enemies of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, kill all her bulls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	50	27	k3c1			0	her bulls	The word “her” refers to Babylon.
JER	50	27	jtx6			0	them … their	The word “them” and “their” refer to the people of Babylon.
JER	50	27	h2tx	figs-doublet		0	their day has come—the time for their punishment	The phrases “their day” and “the time” mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “the time for their punishment has come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	50	28	tx67			0	There is the sound of those fleeing	Alternate translation: “Listen and you will hear those who are fleeing”
JER	50	28	i7g2			0	those … those … These	The words “those” and “These” refer to the survivors from Babylon who will tell others about Yahweh’s vengeance.
JER	50	28	e143	figs-abstractnouns		0	the vengeance of Yahweh our God for Zion, and vengeance for his temple	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **vengeance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh our God has taken revenge for what they did to Zion and to his temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	50	29	uhm2	figs-doublet		0	the archers … those who bend their bows	These phrases refer to the same people and are repeated for poetic effect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	50	29	riq5			0	her … her … she	The words “her” and “she” refer to Babylon.
JER	50	29	gm1z			0	let no one escape	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “capture or kill every person”
JER	50	29	dr67	figs-metaphor		0	Do to her by the measure she has used	The evil things the Babylonians did to Israel are spoken of as if Babylon measured them. Alternate translation: “Measure out punishment for her with the same amount she used to punish Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	50	30	yd19			0	her young men will fall	Alternate translation: “they will kill her young men”
JER	50	30	tu9n	figs-activepassive		0	all her fighting men will be destroyed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will destroy all her fighting men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	50	30	du7b	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	50	31	wr6r	figs-explicit		0	See, I am against you	Yahweh speaks this to the people of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “See, I am against you, people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	50	31	t5id			0	See	This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows.
JER	50	31	jxp6			0	proud one	This is Yahweh’s description of Babylon.
JER	50	31	axv1	figs-doublet		0	for your day has come … the time when I will punish you	These two phrases mean the same thing. The second phrase defines the “day” that the first phrase mentions. Alternate translation: “for the day when I will punish you has come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	50	31	n6p7			0	your day	“your time.” This refers to the entire span of time during which the horrible judgment will come upon Babylon.
JER	50	32	rvn2	figs-idiom		0	the proud ones will stumble and fall	Here “stumble and fall” are idioms that refer to defeat and death. Alternate translation: “I will cause enemies to defeat and kill the proud ones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	50	32	vwn6	figs-metaphor		0	it will devour everything around him	Fire burning the cities of Babylon is spoken of as if the fire were an animal that ate them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	50	32	sgv3			0	around him	Here “him” refers to the “proud one” which describes Babylon.
JER	50	33	avf9			0	General Information:	Yahweh now speaks through Jeremiah about Israel and Judah.
JER	50	33	xl6p			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	50	33	gnz4	figs-activepassive		0	The people of Israel are oppressed, together with the people of Judah	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Babylonians are oppressing the people of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	50	33	k2wh			0	captured them	The word “them” refers to the people of Israel and Judah who were captured and taken into exile.
JER	50	34	id2p	figs-metaphor		0	He will truly plead their case	Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a lawyer who represents the people of Israel in court. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	50	34	bc96	figs-metonymy		0	in order to bring rest to the land	Here “the land” is a metonym for the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “in order that the people who live in Israel might live in peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	50	34	d2c4			0	bring rest … bring strife	These two terms represent opposite ideas and bring a strong contrast to how Yahweh will treat Israel and Babylon.
JER	50	34	m3i6			0	bring rest	Alternate translation: “give peace”
JER	50	35	ayk2	figs-metonymy		0	A sword is against … and against	Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “War will soon happen to … and to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	50	35	ai3w	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	50	36	u7pl	figs-metonymy		0	A sword against	Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “War will soon happen to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	50	36	v1iv			0	They will become fools	Alternate translation: “Their actions are foolish, and everyone will see that they are fools”
JER	50	36	fve6			0	They will be filled with terror	Alternate translation: “they will be terrified”
JER	50	37	d4gj	figs-metonymy		0	A sword is coming against	Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “War will soon happen to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	50	37	ts2p	figs-simile		0	they will become like women	The weakness of the Babylonian soldiers is spoken of as if they were women. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “they will all become as weak as women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	50	37	j5zb			0	storerooms	A storeroom is a place where supplies or valuables are kept.
JER	50	37	fkg9	figs-activepassive		0	they will be plundered	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers will plunder them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	50	38	kbz3			0	A drought is coming on her waters	Alternate translation: “A drought will soon happen that will affect all her waters”
JER	50	38	tww1			0	her waters	Here “waters” represent all the sources of water for the Babylonians, especially the river that went through the city.
JER	50	39	tq6w			0	desert beasts with the jackals	This could mean: (1) “wild animals and hyenas” or (2) “wild demons and evil spirits.”
JER	50	39	i9i9			0	jackals	A jackal is a wild dog found in Asia and Africa.
JER	50	39	qe4b			0	ostriches	very large African birds that run fast but cannot fly. Some versions translate this as “owl.”
JER	50	39	e1qh			0	will live in her	The word “her” refers to Babylon.
JER	50	39	d5ib	figs-doublet		0	For all time, she will no longer be inhabited. From generation to generation, she will not be lived in	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Babylon will be completely uninhabited. Alternate translation: “People will never live there again; it will be uninhabited forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	50	39	y9d5	figs-activepassive		0	she will not be lived in	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will live in her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	50	40	r3e2	figs-doublet		0	no one will live there; no person will stay in her	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Babylon will be completely uninhabited. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “no one will ever live there again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JER	50	41	us4n			0	General Information:	These verses are almost identical to [Jeremiah 6:22](../06/22.md) and [Jeremiah 6:23](../06/23.md). See how you translated those verses.
JER	50	41	p4d1	figs-explicit		0	See, a people is coming	Yahweh speaks to the people of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “See, people of Babylon, a people is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JER	50	41	n3n8			0	See, a people	Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: a people”
JER	50	41	m77s	figs-synecdoche		0	a great nation and many kings	This phrase refers to the time when the Medes and Persians conquered Babylon in 539 BC. Here “nation” represents their armies. Alternate translation: “the armies of a great nation and many kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	50	41	qf6b	figs-metaphor		0	are being stirred up from the farthest parts of the earth	Being “stirred up” represents being urged to take action. Alternate translation: “are preparing to come from the most distant places on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	50	42	fw6p			0	They will pick up bows and spears	Alternate translation: “The soldiers will carry bows and spears”
JER	50	42	d5r3	figs-simile		0	Their sound is like the sea roar	The loud noise that the soldiers make is compared to the loud noise of the sea. Alternate translation: “The sound that they make is very loud, like the sound of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	50	42	y1tc			0	they are riding on horses, set out in order as men for battle	The phrase “set out in order” means that they have organized themselves and are riding in rows. The phrase “as men for battle” indicates that they are ready to fight. Alternate translation: “they are riding on horses in their assigned rows, and they are ready to fight”
JER	50	42	yn6t	figs-metonymy		0	daughter of Babylon	This phrase refers to the Babylonian people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	50	43	r3fu			0	General Information:	This verse is almost identical to [Jeremiah 6:24](../06/24.md). See how you translated that verse.
JER	50	43	y1du			0	his hands fell limp in distress	Alternate translation: “his hands were weak because he was anxious”
JER	50	43	um5z	figs-metaphor		0	Anguish seized him	Feeling great anguish is spoken of as if anguish grabs the king of Babylon. Alternate translation: “He felt terrible anguish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	50	43	uui8			0	Anguish	suffering and grief that would bring a person to tears
JER	50	43	j129	figs-simile		0	like a woman giving birth	The anguish that they feel because the enemy coming to attack them is compared to the anguish that a woman feels when she is about to give birth to a baby. Alternate translation: “like a woman who is about to give birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	50	44	mn9k			0	General Information:	This verse is almost identical to [Jeremiah 49:19](../49/19.md). See how you translated that verse.
JER	50	44	g65t			0	Behold!	The word “Behold” here tells the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention!”
JER	50	44	u7tz	figs-simile		0	He goes up like a lion from the heights of the Jordan to the enduring grazing place	This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Babylon, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “When I punish the people of Babylon, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of mountains and attacks sheep in the pasture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	50	44	bst6			0	the enduring grazing place	This is land covered with grass where animals feed on the grass.
JER	50	44	uiu8			0	I will quickly cause them to run from it	Here “them” refers to the Babylonian people; the word “it” refers to the invasion.
JER	50	44	wgy7	figs-activepassive		0	who will be chosen	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom I will choose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	50	44	g8wy	figs-rquestion		0	For who is like me, and who will summon me?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that no one is like him. Alternate translation: “For no one is like me, no one can summon me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER	50	44	vd1u			0	who will summon me	Alternate translation: “who will challenge me” or “who will call me to account”
JER	50	44	ume1	figs-rquestion		0	What shepherd is able to resist me?	Yahweh uses this question to show no one can defeat him. Here “shepherd” is a metaphor for “king” or “ruler.” Alternate translation: “No king is able to resist me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	50	45	h7vf			0	General Information:	These verses are almost identical to [Jeremiah 49:20](../49/20.md) and [Jeremiah 49:21](../49/21.md). See how you translated those verses.
JER	50	45	bl7z	figs-parallelism		0	the plans that Yahweh has decided against Babylon, the plans that he has planned against the land of the Chaldeans	These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the plans that Yahweh has decided for the people of Babylon and the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	50	45	e83p	figs-metaphor		0	They will certainly be dragged away, even the smallest flock	This continues speaking of Yahweh punishing the people of Babylon as if he would come like a lion and attack the sheep. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will drag them away, even the smallest flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	50	45	dja3	figs-metaphor		0	even the smallest flock	Here the youngest and weakest people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the smallest flock of sheep. Alternate translation: “even the youngest and weakest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	50	45	fwh2	figs-metaphor		0	Their pasturelands will be turned into ruined places	Here the land of Babylonia is spoken of as if it were pasturelands for flocks. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will turn their pasturelands into ruined places” or “He will completely destroy the people who live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	50	46	q28h	figs-metaphor		0	At the sound of conquered Babylon the earth shakes	This phrase compares the fall of the once powerful nation of Babylon to the extremely loud noise of an earthquake. Alternate translation: “The fall of Babylon will sound like a mighty earthquake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	50	46	sue1			0	distress	pain or unhappiness
JER	50	46	y112			0	their shout of distress	Alternate translation: “their shout of pain”
JER	51	intro	e537			0		# Jeremiah 51 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 51:1-64.<br><br>The prophesied destruction of Babylon continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Babylon destroyed<br><br>Babylon will be conquered and the Jews will return to their homeland. At this time, Babylon controlled almost the entire Near East. The fulfillment of this prophecy would have been unthinkable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]])<br><br>### Covenant with Abraham<br>Babylon is destroyed because it drove the people of Judah from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham’s descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
JER	51	1	bz33	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	51	1	mgs4			0	See	This draws attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully” or “Pay attention”
JER	51	1	az5v			0	a wind of destruction	This could mean: (1) “a wind that destroys” or (2) “the spirit of a destroyer.” This would mean that Yahweh would cause or inspire the enemy army to go and attack Babylon.
JER	51	1	br1w	translate-names		0	Leb Kamai	This is code name for Chaldea, a region of Babylonia. It is not clear why Jeremiah uses this name here, so you may want to translate as “Chaldea” or “Babylonia.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	51	2	bdq6	figs-metaphor		0	scatter her and devastate her land … they will come against her	The word “her,” a metaphor that refers to Babylon as if it were a woman, is also a metonym for the people who live in Babylon. Alternate translation: “separate the people who live there from each other, send them in different directions, and make their land empty … foreigners will attack the people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	51	2	w4jj	figs-idiom		0	on the day of disaster	The phrase “day of” is a Hebrew idiom for “when.” Alternate translation: “when I destroy Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	51	3	yl8g			0	Do not let … do not let	Yahweh wants the attack to be so sudden that the archers have no time to prepare for battle.
JER	51	4	u6a8	figs-activepassive		0	those who are killed	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom the attackers kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	51	5	u9ey	figs-metonymy		0	Israel and Judah are not forsaken by their God, by Yahweh of hosts	The words “Israel” and “Judah” are metonyms for the people of Israel and Judah. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts, the God of the people of Israel and Judah, has not forsaken them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	51	5	t4nl	figs-metaphor		0	their land is filled with offenses committed against the Holy One of Israel	The land in which they live is spoken of as if it were a container and their offenses as if they were solid objects that could fill the container. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **offenses**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “they have offended the Holy One of Israel everywhere throughout the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	51	6	ht2y	figs-metaphor		0	in her iniquity	Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman. The word “iniquity” is a metonym for God punishing the people for their iniquity. Alternate translation: “when Yahweh punishes Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	51	6	dia4	figs-metaphor		0	will repay all of it to her	Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman, and the iniquity of the people is spoken of as if Yahweh needed to pay back a debt. The word “her,” meaning Babylon, is a metonym for the people of Babylon. Alternate translation: “will punish the Babylonians as much as they deserve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	51	7	tj8i	figs-metaphor		0	Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of Yahweh that made all the world drunk	The word “world” is a metonym for the people living in the nations surrounding Babylon. This could mean: (1) Making those people drunk could be a metaphor for Yahweh punishing those nations by allowing Babylon to conquer them. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a strong nation that Yahweh used to punish all the people of the surrounding nations severely” or (2) It could be a metaphor for those nations joining Babylon in worshiping idols and being violent. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a rich and powerful nation, and other nations wanted to become sinful just like it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	51	7	bqq8	figs-metaphor		0	Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of Yahweh	Babylon being a powerful nation that Yahweh used for his own purposes is spoken of as if Babylon were a golden cup in his hand. Here “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	51	7	ye28	figs-metaphor		0	nations drank her wine and became insane	This could mean: (1) “Babylon defeated and destroyed other nations” or (2) “nations enjoyed her riches and power and became evil.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	7	s9ql			0	insane	unable to think clearly
JER	51	8	zm1s	figs-activepassive		0	Babylon will … be destroyed	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will destroy Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	51	8	rer2			0	Wail	to make a long, loud cry that shows that the person is sad
JER	51	8	l2ej	figs-activepassive		0	perhaps she can be healed	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “perhaps Yahweh can heal her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	51	9	v18i			0	General Information:	Yahweh used Babylon to punish Judah and the nation. It is either the people of Judah or the people of the nations who are speaking the words in this quotation.
JER	51	9	cl11	figs-metonymy		0	Babylon … she is not healed … leave her … her guilt	The name of the city is a metonym for the people who live there, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of Babylon … they are not healed … leave them … their guilt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	9	xi9j	figs-activepassive		0	she is not healed	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “we have not been able to heal her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	51	9	r4vl	figs-metaphor		0	For her guilt reaches up to the heavens; it is piled up to the clouds	Guilt is spoken of as if it were an object that could be made into a pile. The words “to the heavens” and “to the clouds” are an exaggeration for something that is very high. Alternate translation: “For Babylon is so very guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JER	51	10	sgl7			0	Yahweh has declared our innocence	Yahweh had punished the Israelites for their sins, but now has let them return to him.
JER	51	11	np2a	figs-apostrophe		0	General Information:	Jeremiah is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon and their enemies, who cannot hear him, telling them that Yahweh will destroy Babylon before the Babylonians can prepare to defend themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JER	51	12	jt7x			0	Lift up a banner over Babylon’s walls	Alternate translation: “Give a signal to attack Babylon’s walls”
JER	51	12	udw5			0	make the watch strong	Alternate translation: “make sure the guards are strong and have good weapons”
JER	51	12	usv8			0	set up watchmen	Alternate translation: “make sure there are enough men watching the city”
JER	51	12	rs5j			0	prepare the ambushes	This was done in order to catch anyone running from the city.
JER	51	13	s2hm	figs-metaphor		0	The thread of your life is now cut short	The people’s lives are spoken of as if they were threads that God could cut. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Your lives will be ended quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	51	14	tqq8	figs-simile		0	like a swarm of locusts	The large number of enemy soldiers is spoken of as if they were a mass of locusts invading the city. Alternate translation: “with a large number of soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	51	14	mxl6			0	battle cry	This is a shout that a soldier makes in battle.
JER	51	16	hr5x	figs-metaphor		0	When he thunders, there is the roar of waters in the heavens	These phrases compare the voice of Yahweh to the loud sound made by thunder and rain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	16	f1vn			0	storehouses	A storehouse is a building where people keep things they might want to use in the future.
JER	51	17	w7tq			0	General Information:	Translate many of the words in this verse as in [Jeremiah 10:14](../10/14.md).
JER	51	17	r1wa			0	has become ignorant	Alternate translation: “is lacking knowledge” or “does not know”
JER	51	17	vgb8	figs-activepassive		0	Every metalworker is put to shame by his idols	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Every metalworker’s idols put him to shame” or “As for every metalworker, his idols shame him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	51	18	qxg3			0	General Information:	Translate many of the words in this verse as in [Jeremiah 10:15](../10/15.md).
JER	51	18	ux1i	figs-personification		0	they will perish at the time of their punishment	This speaks of the final destruction of the idols. Alternate translation: “there will be a time when God will destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	51	19	rd4k			0	General Information:	Translate many of the words in this verse as in [Jeremiah 10:16](../10/16.md).
JER	51	19	mei8	figs-metonymy		0	the portion of Jacob	Here “Jacob” represents the people of Israel. God being their “portion” is an idiom that means that they worship him. Alternate translation: “the portion of Israel” or “whom the people of Israel worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	51	19	dwl8			0	the molder of all things	Alternate translation: “the creator of all things” or “the one who created all things”
JER	51	19	st72	figs-metaphor		0	Israel is the tribe of his inheritance	This speaks of Israel belonging to Yahweh as if it were something that Yahweh gained through inheritance. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Israel belongs to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	20	f9ni			0	You are	Alternate translation: “You, the Babylonian army, are”
JER	51	20	ap1j	figs-metaphor		0	With you I will smash	Yahweh speaks of punishing people as if he were smashing them with a hammer. Alternate translation: “With you I will punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	20	k6w9			0	With you I will	Alternate translation: “I will use you to”
JER	51	22	b82y	figs-metaphor		0	With you I will smash	Yahweh speaks of punishing people as if he were smashing them with a hammer. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 51:20](../51/20.md). Alternate translation: “With you I will punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	22	n6g5			0	With you I will	“I will use you to.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 51:20](../51/20.md).
JER	51	24	rf4t	figs-abstractnouns		0	in your sight I will pay	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sight**, you can express the same idea with the verb “see.” Alternate translation: “you will see it when I pay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	51	24	r6wa	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	51	25	n2fb	figs-apostrophe		0	General Information:	Yahweh speaks to the people of Jerusalem, who could hear him, as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon, who could not hear him. He speaks to the city of Babylon as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon itself. He speaks of the city as if it were a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	25	gfh7	figs-metonymy		0	I will stretch out my hand against you	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. See how “I will attack the inhabitants of the land with my hand” is translated in [Jeremiah 6:12](../06/12.md). Alternate translation: “I will use my strength to attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	51	25	pu56	figs-metaphor		0	I will … roll you down from the cliffs	Yahweh stops speaking of Babylon as a mountain and speaks of it as a building that he is breaking down and throwing away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	25	f3es			0	cliffs	A cliff is the steep side of a mountain or hill.
JER	51	25	tb96	figs-metaphor		0	I will … make you a burned-out mountain	Yahweh speaks of Babylon as no longer being the great “mountain of destruction” but now a mountain that he has destroyed. Alternate translation: “I will … make you a pile of useless rocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	25	b8fv	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	51	26	pw6e	figs-abstractnouns		0	you will become an everlasting devastation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **devastation**, you can express the same idea with a verb “devastate.” Alternate translation: “I will devastate you and no one will ever rebuild you” or “I will turn you into an empty place where no one will ever live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JER	51	27	rw7n	figs-parallelism		0	Lift up a banner … Blow the trumpet … Call … to attack	Lifting a banner and blowing a trumpet are both ways of calling people to attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	51	27	hw53			0	banner	“battle flag.” This is large flag for the soldiers to follow in battle.
JER	51	27	wq6v	figs-metonymy		0	attack her	The city of Babylon is a metonym for the people of Babylon, and it is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “attack the people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	27	hkx4	translate-names		0	Ararat … Minni … Ashkenaz	These are names of nations or people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	51	27	w3wj	figs-simile		0	bring up horses like swarming locusts	Yahweh compares a great number of horses to a swarm of locusts. Alternate translation: “bring many horses with soldiers quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	51	28	hs9h			0	governors … officials	See how you translated these words in [Jeremiah 51:23](../51/23.md).
JER	51	29	s84v	figs-metonymy		0	the land will shake and be in anguish	The land is a metonym for the people who live on the land. Shaking and being in anguish are metonyms for being very afraid. Alternate translation: “the people who live in Babylon will shake with fear and be in anguish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	51	29	nf9p			0	anguish	suffering and grief that would bring a person to tears
JER	51	29	vd9r	figs-metonymy		0	against Babylon	The city of Babylon is a metonym for the people of Babylon. Alternate translation: “against the people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	51	29	d6kr			0	there is no inhabitant	Alternate translation: “no one lives”
JER	51	30	a6hx	figs-pastforfuture		0	General Information:	Yahweh speaks of what will happen as if it had already happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JER	51	30	l7ic	figs-metaphor		0	her homes are on fire, the bars of her gates are broken	The city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the homes in the city are on fire, the bars of the city gates are broken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	31	wh3s	figs-activepassive		0	his city has been taken	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemies have overcome the whole city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	51	32	j8z8	figs-activepassive		0	the fords over the river are seized	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemies have taken control of all the fords over the river” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	51	32	u4eq			0	fords	shallow parts of a river where people can walk across
JER	51	32	a1kx			0	marshes	places with shallow water and grasses growing in deep mud
JER	51	32	gpu4			0	confused	unable to think clearly
JER	51	33	yz8h			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	51	33	mic2	figs-metonymy		0	The daughter of Babylon	“Daughter of Babylon” here is another name for the people who live in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	51	33	w9he	figs-simile		0	is like a threshing floor	People thresh grain by trampling it on a threshing floor, and Yahweh speaks of people punishing the daughter of Babylon as if they were threshing grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	51	33	h2d9	figs-metaphor		0	It is time to trample her down	Yahweh punishing the daughter of Babylon is spoken of as if he were trampling and threshing grain on a threshing floor. Alternate translation: “It is time to punish her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	33	i4ix	figs-metaphor		0	the time of harvest will come to her	The harvest is a metaphor for the result of the actions that the people did before. Babylon will experience the result of its people’s sins. Alternate translation: “God will punish her for her sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	34	e1t5	figs-metaphor		0	General Information:	The speaker speaks as if he were a woman. The woman is a metaphor for the city of Jerusalem, which in turn is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	51	34	re9d			0	he has driven me into confusion	This could mean: (1) “he has caused me to be unable to think clearly” or (2) “he has crushed me.”
JER	51	34	v2wg	figs-metaphor		0	has made me an empty pot	Babylon has taken everything from Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	34	v4f3	figs-simile		0	Like a monster	Here Babylon is compared to a monster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	51	34	k3yc	figs-metaphor		0	he has swallowed me	Jerusalem compares its destruction to being swallowed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	34	g9pi	figs-metaphor		0	he has filled his stomach with my delicious foods	This continues to speak of Babylon as if it were a monster. This states in another way the previous idea that Babylon has taken everything from Israel. Here “foods” represents all the good things that were there before. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	51	34	uc2v	figs-metaphor		0	he has spit me out	Nebuchadnezzar took what he wanted and spit out what he did not want. Alternate translation: “he has vomited me up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	35	v7aa			0	The one who lives in Zion	Alternate translation: “She who lives in Zion”
JER	51	35	x9kf			0	The one … to me and my flesh … my blood	All of these phrases refer to a woman.
JER	51	35	pj1v			0	inhabitants of Chaldea	Alternate translation: “people who live in Chaldea”
JER	51	36	s6hs			0	General Information:	This begins Yahweh’s reply to Jerusalem’s request in verses 34 and 35.
JER	51	36	duw6	figs-metaphor		0	I am about to plead your case and bring about vengeance	Yahweh defending his people is spoken of as if he were a lawyer pleading their case in court. Alternate translation: “I will be like your lawyer to defend you and I will bring about vengeance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	37	srq7			0	heaps of rubble	buildings that have become piles of rock
JER	51	37	fd8l			0	den of jackals	home for wild dogs
JER	51	37	qax1			0	a horror	something that terrifies everyone who looks at it
JER	51	37	k6wl			0	hissing	a sound people make to show that they dislike something very much
JER	51	37	a91l			0	there are no inhabitants	Alternate translation: “no one lives”
JER	51	38	ht1r			0	roar	loud sound made by a lion
JER	51	38	e66g			0	growl	a sound animals make to frighten other animals
JER	51	39	t613			0	become happy	As a soldier is happy when he defeats a strong enemy. Another possible meaning is “are very drunk” .
JER	51	40	y454	figs-simile		0	like lambs … male goats	Lambs and goats do not know before it happens that people are going to slaughter them, and the Babylonians will not know before it happens that Yahweh is going to destroy them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	51	41	mjn3	figs-activepassive		0	How Babylon has been captured … How Babylon has become a ruined place	The word “how” here shows that something that people thought was impossible has happened. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “We never thought that enemies could capture Babylon, but they have captured her … We never thought that Babylon could become a ruined place, but it has become a ruined place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	51	41	epv5	figs-metonymy		0	the praise of all the earth is seized	The word “praise” is a metonym for the thing that people praised, and the word “earth” is a metonym for the people living on the earth. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemies have seized Babylon, the nation that everyone on earth praised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	51	42	jlw8	figs-metaphor		0	The sea … roaring waves	Babylon’s enemies have overcome her. “Waves” represent many people groups overcoming Babylon. The words “sea” and “water” often represent the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	42	xv1n	figs-activepassive		0	She is covered with its roaring waves	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Its roaring waves have covered her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	51	43	i1ik			0	Her cities	Alternate translation: “Babylon’s cities”
JER	51	44	ua7k	figs-metonymy		0	I will punish Bel	Bel was the main god of the Babylonians and represents the whole country and the people that worshiped it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	51	44	x7hy	figs-personification		0	out from his mouth what he swallowed	Yahweh compares all the sacrifices and offerings to Bel to things he ate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	51	44	b1d8	figs-metaphor		0	the nations will no longer flow	The many nations that come to Babylon to sacrifice to Bel is spoken of as a river that moves along. Alternate translation: “the people of other nations will no longer come in large groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	46	e7mp	figs-activepassive		0	the news that is heard in the land	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when you hear the news that is in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	51	46	y5k9	figs-metonymy		0	Ruler will be against ruler	The ruler is a metonym for the nations under his control. Alternate translation: “Nations will fight against other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	51	47	hlg9			0	see	Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
JER	51	47	hh7n	figs-metaphor		0	days are coming … when I will punish	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will punish” or “there will be a time … when I will punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	47	x6k7	figs-metaphor		0	I will punish the carved idols of Babylon	Removing the idols of Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh would punish the idols. Alternate translation: “I will remove the carved idols of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	47	m3al	figs-metonymy		0	Babylon … her land … her slaughtered ones … her midst	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of Babylon … their land … their slaughtered ones … their midst” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	48	r764	figs-metonymy		0	over Babylon … come for her	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “over the Babylonians … come for them … the Babylonians have made … their land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	48	a7da	figs-personification		0	the heavens and the earth	Heaven and earth are viewed as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JER	51	48	ry4n	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	51	49	y6sf	figs-metonymy		0	Babylon has made … her land	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of Babylon … their land … their slaughtered ones … their midst … over the Babylonians … come for them … the Babylonians have made … their land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	49	mh52			0	the killed of all her land	Alternate translation: “those whom the Babylonians’ enemies have killed in the land”
JER	51	50	rnu2			0	General Information:	Jeremiah speaks to the Israelite people in verse 50.
JER	51	50	v78z	figs-metonymy		0	Survivors of the sword	The sword is a metonym for war, in which soldiers use swords. Alternate translation: “You who have survived the war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER	51	50	esb3	figs-idiom		0	Call Yahweh to mind from far away; let Jerusalem come to mind	The phrases “Call … to mind” and “come to mind” are idioms that mean to think about or remember. Alternate translation: “Though you are far away, think about Yahweh; think about Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JER	51	51	l188			0	insults	words that one person uses to offend another
JER	51	51	u8ak	figs-metaphor		0	reproach has covered our faces	The speakers’ reaction to people expressing disapproval of them is spoken of as if it were a cover placed over the speakers’ faces. Alternate translation: “our faces show that we are hurt because others disapprove of us” or “we cover our faces in shame because others disapprove of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	52	gq6f			0	see	Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
JER	51	52	t1lg	figs-metaphor		0	days are coming … when I will punish	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will punish” or “there will be a time … when I will punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	52	ipn3	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JER	51	52	h25y	figs-metaphor		0	I will punish her carved idols	Removing or destroying idols is spoken of as if Yahweh would punish the idols. Alternate translation: “I will destroy her carved idols” or “I will remove her carved idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	52	c2dr	figs-metonymy		0	her carved idols … her land	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their carved idols … their land … the Babylonians … their highest fortresses … to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	52	z6xh			0	groan	to cry out because of pain or sadness
JER	51	53	i44x	figs-metonymy		0	her highest fortresses … to her	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their highest fortresses … to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	53	t773	figs-hypo		0	if Babylon went up … or fortified … destroyers would come from me	This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh does not expect to happen. Alternate translation: “Babylon will not go up … or fortify … destroyers will surely come from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JER	51	54	j9es	figs-parallelism		0	A shout of distress came from Babylon, a great collapse from the land of the Chaldeans	The same thought is expressed in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JER	51	55	i691	figs-metonymy		0	destroying Babylon … her loud voice	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “destroying the people of Babylon … their loud voices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	55	rb5t			0	Their enemies … their noise	Alternate translation: “The enemies of the people of Babylon … the noise of the enemies”
JER	51	55	hs3i	figs-simile		0	enemies roar like the waves of many waters	The waves of the ocean and of flooding rivers make a loud sound, and the enemies will make a very loud sound as they come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	51	56	bdd2	figs-metonymy		0	against her—against Babylon!—and her warriors	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “against the people of Babylon—yes, against Babylon!—and their warriors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	56	sx3e	figs-activepassive		0	her warriors have been captured	This phrase can be changed to have an active verb. Alternate translation: “her enemies have captured her warriors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	51	57	n6e9	figs-metonymy		0	her princes, her sages, her officials, and her soldiers	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their princes, their sages, their officials, and their soldiers … their high gates … their aid … for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	57	gc1t	figs-euphemism		0	they will sleep in an unending sleep and never wake up	They will be dead. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 51:39](../51/39.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JER	51	58	qv76			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
JER	51	58	nvh5	figs-activepassive		0	The thick walls of Babylon will be completely demolished	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The invaders willl completely demolish the thick walls of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	51	58	v2lw	figs-metonymy		0	her high gates … her aid … for her	The city of Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their high gates … their aid … for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	51	58	ci1a	figs-activepassive		0	her high gates will be burned	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will burn her high gates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	51	58	pt5b	figs-activepassive		0	everything … will be burned up	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will burn up everything that the nations try to do for her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	51	59	x35d	translate-names		0	Seraiah … Neriah … Mahseiah	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	51	59	r4gy	translate-ordinal		0	in the fourth year of his reign	“after he had been king for three years.” This “fourth” is the ordinal number for four. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	51	60	f3pz			0	that were written about Babylon	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that he had written about Babylon”
JER	51	62	ctw9			0	animal	If your language has a word for animals that normally live with people, you might want to use it here, because [Jeremiah 51:37](../51/37.md) states that Babylon will be inhabited by wild animals.
JER	51	64	rl23	figs-simile		0	Babylon will sink like this	The stone and scroll will disappear in the water, the water will destroy the scroll, and Babylon will no longer look like a city or have buildings for people to live in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JER	51	64	eg18			0	will not arise	Alternate translation: “will never again be a city”
JER	51	64	xm91			0	they will fall	This means the Babylonians will fall because they are exhausted. Many translations do not include these words.
JER	52	intro	izf6			0		# Jeremiah 52 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The chapter returns to a previous sequence of events and records Babylon’s conquering of Judah. It also records the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
JER	52	1	f3ew			0	General Information:	Because of the words “Jeremiah’s words end here” in [Jeremiah 51:64](../51/64.md) and because the words here appear in other books of the Bible, many scholars believe that this chapter was written by someone other than Jeremiah and attached to the scroll that Jeremiah and Baruch wrote.
JER	52	1	pmi6	translate-names		0	Hamutal	This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	52	1	w8zc	translate-names		0	Libnah	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	52	1	st4j	translate-names		0	Jeremiah	This refers to another man named Jeremiah, not the prophet Jeremiah who wrote this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	52	2	f21w	figs-metaphor		0	what was evil in the sight of Yahweh	The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JER	52	4	b8cu			0	It happened	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story.
JER	52	4	zq3a	translate-ordinal		0	in the ninth year of the reign of King Zedekiah, in the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month	after Zedekiah had been king for eight years, in the tenth calendar month, on the tenth day of the month (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	52	4	utp3	translate-ordinal		0	in the ninth year	“in year nine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	52	4	nk5w	translate-hebrewmonths		0	in the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month	This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	52	4	s7id			0	They camped opposite it	Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s army camped opposite Jerusalem”
JER	52	5	g791	translate-ordinal		0	until the eleventh year of King Zedekiah’s reign	until Zedekiah had been king for more than ten years (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	52	5	e3tj	translate-ordinal		0	eleventh year	“year eleven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	52	5	ws36	figs-activepassive		0	So the city was besieged	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “So they besieged the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	52	6	q88p	translate-hebrewmonths		0	By the ninth day of the fourth month	This is the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. The ninth day is near the beginning of July on Western calendars. Zedekiah had been king for ten years, three months, and eight days. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	52	6	b8bl			0	city	This refers to Jerusalem.
JER	52	7	ns94	figs-activepassive		0	the city was broken into	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonians broke through the wall around the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	52	7	e7li			0	the two walls	the wall of the king’s garden and the wall of the city
JER	52	8	w5xq			0	plains	flat land
JER	52	8	z99u	figs-activepassive		0	All his army was scattered	This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) “the Chaldeans scattered his entire army” or (2) “all of his soldiers ran away in different directions.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER	52	9	e3yw	translate-names		0	at Riblah in the land of Hamath	Riblah was a town in the territory of Hamath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	52	9	y478			0	passed sentence on him	Alternate translation: “decided how to punish him”
JER	52	10	rf5w	figs-synecdoche		0	slaughtered Zedekiah’s sons before his own eyes	The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah’s sons. Alternate translation: “forced Zedekiah to watch as the king of Babylon slaughtered Zedekiah’s sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JER	52	11	xk3k			0	he put out Zedekiah’s eyes	“the king’s men made Zedekiah blind.” Use the common words for making a person blind. It is not clear that the king of Babylon took Zedekiah’s eyes out of his head. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon make Zedekiah blind.
JER	52	11	wdy8			0	the day of his death	the day of Zedekiah’s death
JER	52	12	e83x	translate-hebrewmonths		0	in the fifth month, on the tenth day of the month, which was the nineteenth year of the reign of King Nebuchadnezzar	Nebuchadnezzar had been king for eighteen years, four months, and nine days. This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. The tenth day is near the beginning of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	52	12	pz2r	translate-ordinal		0	the nineteenth year	“during year nineteen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	52	12	vd9v	translate-names		0	Nebuzaradan	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	52	12	jsf1			0	bodyguards	people whose job is to protect someone
JER	52	15	g3nt	translate-names		0	Nebuzaradan	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	52	16	knn1			0	the poorest of the land	Alternate translation: “the poorest people who lived on the land”
JER	52	17	zsh6			0	The Sea	This is a basin of water used in the worship of Yahweh.
JER	52	21	spa2	translate-bdistance		0	eighteen cubits … twelve cubits	A cubit was about 46 centimeters long. Alternate translation: “18 cubits…12 cubits” or “about 8.3 meters … about 5.5 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
JER	52	21	b7ll			0	hollow	The pillars had empty space inside them.
JER	52	22	l1cn			0	capital	This is the top part of each pillar.
JER	52	22	f2ql	translate-bdistance		0	five cubits	A cubit was about 46 centimeters long. Alternate translation: “5 cubits” or “about 2.3 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
JER	52	24	l5rv			0	Seraiah	See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 36:26](../36/26.md).
JER	52	24	z616			0	gatekeepers	people who guard the gate of a city
JER	52	25	vtf3			0	drafting men into the army	Alternate translation: “forcing men to fight in the army”
JER	52	26	ek3a	translate-names		0	Nebuzaradan	See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	52	26	lq37	translate-names		0	Riblah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	52	28	l6dd	translate-ordinal		0	seventh	(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	52	28	ty77	translate-numbers		0	3,023	“three thousand and twenty-three” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JER	52	29	ag2g	translate-ordinal		0	eighteenth	(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	52	29	st9h	translate-numbers		0	832	“teight hundred and thirty-two” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JER	52	30	kwp2	translate-ordinal		0	twenty-third	(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	52	30	v4cr			0	Nebuzaradan	See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/09.md).
JER	52	30	yu52	translate-numbers		0	745…4,600	“seven hundred and forty-five … four thousand six hundred” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JER	52	31	n2d6	translate-ordinal		0	in the thirty-seventh year of the exile of Jehoiachin	after Jehoiachin had been an exile for more than 36 years (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	52	31	rb62	translate-hebrewmonths		0	in the twelfth month, on the twenty-fifth day of the month	This is the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fifth day is near the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JER	52	31	d6ug			0	It happened	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story.
JER	52	31	qhv9	translate-names		0	Awel-Marduk	He became the king of Babylon after Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JER	52	32	g37e			0	He spoke kindly to him	Alternate translation: “Awel-Marduk spoke kindly to Jehoiachin”
JER	52	32	bq2c			0	a seat more honorable	Alternate translation: “a seat at the table that was closer to where Awel-Marduk sat”
JER	52	33	fvq2	figs-metonymy		0	removed Jehoiachin’s prison clothes	The reader should understand that removing his prison clothes represents making him a free man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])