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blight or mildew
These are agricultural terms that refer to the death of crops from either too little or too much rain, respectively.
locusts or caterpillars
A "locust" is a type of grasshopper that causes destruction by eating crops. The word "caterpillar" refers to an early growth stage of the locust.
prayers and requests are made by a person or by all your people Israel
This can be stated in active form. AT: "a person, or all your people Israel, prays and makes a request" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive)
prayers and requests
The words "prayer" and "request" mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the person is sincere as he makes his request. See how you translated similar words in 1 Kings 8:28. AT: "requests" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet)
knowing the plague in his own heart
Possible meanings are 1) The person's sin is spoken of as if it were a plague. AT: "knowing the sin in his own heart" or 2) The "plague" is a metonym for the sins that the disasters are a punishment for. AT: "knowing in his heart that the plague is the result of his own sin." (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)