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Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote DEU front intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Deuteronomy<br><br>1. Moses reminds Israel of how Yahweh guided them through the wilderness (1:1–3:29)<br>1. Moses appeals for Israel to obey the law of Yahweh (4:1–43)<br>1. The Ten Commandments (5:1–10:22)<br>1. Rules and warnings from the Law (11:1–26:19)<br>1. Instructions for entering Canaan (27:1–26)<br>1. Blessings for obeying and curses for disobeying (28:1-68)<br>1. The covenant renewed (29:1-30:20)<br>1. Last words of Moses, the Song of Moses, and his death (31:1–34:12)<br><br><br>### What is the Book of Deuteronomy about?<br><br>In the book of Deuteronomy, Moses repeats the laws of the covenant that God made with the people of Israel. The people of Israel were about to go into the Promised Land. Before they entered the land, Moses reminded them of what Yahweh did for them and what he expected from them. Moses warned the people about worshipping idols and no longer trusting Yahweh once they settled in the Promised Land. Yahweh promised to judge those who disobey him and to bless those who obey his Law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The name “Deuteronomy” means “Second Law” or “the retelling of the Law.” Translators may decide on a title such as, “A Repeat of the Law” or “Moses Explains the Law Again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Deuteronomy?<br><br>The writers of both the Old and New Testament present Moses as being very involved with writing the Book of Deuteronomy. However, many scholars think that Joshua wrote chapter 34. This chapter tells how Moses died.<br><br>### What are the important features of the Book of Deuteronomy?<br><br>The book contains a series of speeches that Moses gave to Israel before he died. He spoke these things just before the people entered the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Why did Yahweh command the Israelites to completely destroy the people who lived in the Promised Land?<br><br>As God prepared the Israelites to enter the Promised Land, he commanded them to completely destroy the Canaanite people who lived there. The Israelites would then not be tempted to join them and worship their false gods.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What is the role of God’s name in Deuteronomy?<br><br>God’s name is mentioned over thirty times in the book of Deuteronomy. The use of God’s name in this book usually represents God’s honor or fame. At other times in Deuteronomy, God’s name represents his presence. God said he would choose a place and make his name dwell there. This means God’s presence would be there. The people were to go to that place to worship him.<br><br>### Can this book be translated before the rest of the Pentateuch?<br><br>The Books of Genesis and Exodus help to explain what happens in Deuteronomy. For this reason, those books should be translated before the Book of Deuteronomy. DEU 1 intro ggp9 0 # Deuteronomy 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter forms a continuation with the last chapter of the book of Numbers.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s victory<br>The chapter explains that Israel’s conquering of the Promised Land will be done by Yahweh. They are not to fear the people of Canaan but be obedient to Yahweh. Yahweh is bringing about his judgement upon the people of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br><br>### Possessing the land<br>While the Promised Land belongs to Israel, they do not possess the land. Possessing the land is an important theme. Posessing the land depended on Israel’s faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) DEU 1 1 j9ty 0 beyond the Jordan This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he spoke to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “east of the Jordan” DEU 1 1 bg65 translate-names 0 Suph … Paran … Tophel … Laban … Hazeroth … Dizahab These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 1 2 p4gk 0 It is eleven days’ journey from Horeb … to Kadesh Barnea Alternate translation: “It takes eleven days to walk from Horeb … to Kadesh Barnea” DEU 1 2 m2r5 translate-names 0 Mount Seir This is a mountainous area south of the Dead Sea. The area is also called “Edom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 1 2 pp45 translate-numbers 0 eleven Alternate translation: “11” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 1 3 pc9j translate-ordinal 0 It happened in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spoke The ordinal numbers can be translated as cardinal numbers. Alternate translation: “They had lived in the wilderness for 40 years, 11 months, and 1 day, when Moses spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) DEU 1 3 j362 translate-numbers 0 fortieth 40th (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 1 3 zfn5 translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month This is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) DEU 1 3 p27w translate-numbers 0 eleventh 11th (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 1 3 d97r 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. DEU 1 4 ws56 0 Yahweh had attacked Alternate translation: “Yahweh had enabled the Israelites to defeat” DEU 1 4 x2fp translate-names 0 Sihon … Og These are names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 1 4 mpn7 translate-names 0 Heshbon … Ashtaroth at Edrei These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 1 5 cn3h 0 Beyond the Jordan This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “East of the Jordan River” DEU 1 6 s8em 0 spoke to us The word “us” refers to Moses and the other people of Israel. DEU 1 6 gy3a figs-idiom 0 You have lived long enough in this hill country This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “You do not need to stay near this mountain any longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 1 7 kh6j 0 General Information: Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said to them. DEU 1 7 l6np figs-idiom 0 Turn and take your journey The word “turn” is an idiom for beginning action. Alternate translation: “Start again on your journey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 1 7 rbe5 0 hill country … Euphrates Yahweh is describing places in the land that he has promised to give to the Israelites. DEU 1 7 faf3 0 hill country This is an area in the hills near the place where the Amorites lived. DEU 1 7 y94k 0 lowland an area of land that is low and flat DEU 1 8 bp4f 0 Look Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to say” DEU 1 8 i61s 0 I have set the land before you Alternate translation: “I am now giving this land to you” DEU 1 8 p2mn figs-pronouns 0 that Yahweh swore Yahweh is speaking as if he were another person. Alternate translation: “that I, Yahweh, swore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) DEU 1 8 pcv4 figs-synecdoche 0 fathers The word “fathers” is a synecdoche for all ancestors. Alternate translation: “ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 1 9 qad3 0 General Information: Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said to them. DEU 1 9 dv93 figs-explicit 0 I spoke to you at that time Here “I” refers to Moses. The phrase “at that time” refers to when the Israelites were at Horeb, which is the same as Mount Sinai. Alternate translation: “When we were at Horeb, I spoke to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 1 9 l5mr figs-idiom 0 I am not able to carry you myself alone Here “to carry you” means “to lead you” or “to govern you.” Alternate translation: “It is too much for me to lead you by myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 1 10 zy9z figs-hyperbole 0 as the multitude of the stars of heaven This is an exaggeration that means God has greatly increased the number of Israelites. Alternate translation: “a great crowd of many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) DEU 1 11 it3v figs-metaphor 0 a thousand times The phrase “a thousand” is a metaphor for “very many.” Alternate translation: “very many times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 1 11 spg1 translate-numbers 0 a thousand 1,000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 1 12 q9dw 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 1 12 fvz8 figs-rquestion 0 But how can I myself alone carry your loads, your burdens, and your disputes? Moses uses a question to emphasize that he cannot solve all of their problems by himself. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot carry your loads, your burdens, and your disputes by myself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 1 12 l36d figs-metaphor 0 carry your loads, your burdens Moses speaks as if the people’s problems and complaints that he needed to take care of were heavy physical objects that he had been carrying. Alternate translation: “take care of your problems, your complaints” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 1 12 iss7 0 your disputes Alternate translation: “your arguments” or “your disagreements” DEU 1 13 ue4a 0 men of good repute from each tribe Alternate translation: “men from each tribe whom the people of Israel respect” DEU 1 15 f4vm 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. DEU 1 15 u5jy 0 men of good repute Alternate translation: “men whom your people respected.” See how this is translated in [Deuteronomy 1:13](../01/13.md). DEU 1 15 t5iw translate-numbers 0 of thousands … of hundreds … of fifties … of tens Alternate translation: “of groups of 1,000…of groups of 100…of groups of 50…and groups of 10” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 1 15 s5h1 0 captains … officers These are titles for different leaders in Israel’s government. DEU 1 15 s3vi 0 tribe by tribe Alternate translation: “from each of your tribes” DEU 1 16 dq18 0 judge righteously between a man and his brother Alternate translation: “make right and fair decisions about the disputes Israelites have with each other” DEU 1 17 tia7 figs-pronouns 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the judges, so the commands are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) DEU 1 17 k656 0 You will not show partiality Alternate translation: “Do not show partiality” DEU 1 17 l3vl figs-merism 0 you will hear the small and the great alike These two extremes “small” and “great” represent all people. Alternate translation: “you will treat all people alike” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) DEU 1 17 jze3 figs-synecdoche 0 You will not be afraid of the face of man The word “face” is a metonym for the whole person. “You will not” is a command. “Do not be afraid of anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 1 18 crf3 figs-explicit 0 at that time This means the time when they were at Horeb, at Mount Sinai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 1 19 bf68 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. DEU 1 19 s8zk 0 terrible wilderness that you saw Alternate translation: “large and dangerous desert that you crossed through” DEU 1 20 lj3y 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. DEU 1 21 sel7 figs-pronouns 0 Look … your God … before you; go up, take possession … your fathers … to you; do not be afraid, neither be discouraged Moses is speaking to the Israelites as if he were speaking to one man, so these forms should be singular, not plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) DEU 1 21 xjd3 0 has set the land before you Alternate translation: “is now giving this land to you.” See how this is translated in [Deuteronomy 1:8](../01/08.md). DEU 1 22 jr4u 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. DEU 1 23 cm5h translate-numbers 0 twelve men Alternate translation: “12 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 1 24 n7e4 figs-idiom 0 They turned and went Turning is an idiom for beginning to obey a command. Alternate translation: “They left that place and went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 1 24 m2qr translate-names 0 Valley of Eshkol This is a valley in the Hebron region, which is south of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 1 24 h6p7 0 scouted it Alternate translation: “looked for places they could attack” DEU 1 25 d189 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. DEU 1 25 c795 0 They took Alternate translation: “The 12 men took” DEU 1 25 gns5 0 took some of the produce of the land in their hands Alternate translation: “picked some of the produce of the land” DEU 1 25 et1g figs-metaphor 0 brought us word and said The speaker speaks as if a “word” were a physical object that someone could bring. Alternate translation: “told us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 1 25 ks9s 0 said, ‘It is a good land that Yahweh our God is giving to us.’ The direct quotation can be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “said that the land that Yahweh our God was giving to us was good” DEU 1 26 t13i 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. DEU 1 26 k4x9 figs-explicit 0 Yet you refused to attack God commanded the Israelites to attack and destroy the Amorites, but the Israelites were afraid and refused to fight them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 1 27 am5b figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of the Amorites Here “into the hand” means to give the Amorites power over them. Alternate translation: “into the power of the Amorites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 1 28 dm6t figs-rquestion 0 Where can we go now? Here this question emphasizes how afraid they were. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have nowhere to go.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 1 28 x4y4 figs-idiom 0 made our heart to melt This means that they became afraid. Alternate translation: “made us very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 1 28 vs1i figs-hyperbole 0 are fortified up to the heavens This is an exaggeration that emphasizes how frightened the people were because the cities were so large and strong. Alternate translation: “have walls so high it is like they reach up to the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) DEU 1 28 fl92 figs-explicit 0 sons of the Anakim These are descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 1 29 d7v6 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. DEU 1 29 ukp2 0 I said to you Alternate translation: “I said to your ancestors” DEU 1 30 wdr7 figs-synecdoche 0 before your eyes Here the people are represented by their “eyes” to emphasize what they saw. Alternate translation: “which you yourselves saw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 1 31 t94m figs-you 0 you have seen … Yahweh your God carried you … you went … you came Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 1 31 bmh3 figs-simile 0 Yahweh your God carried you, as a man carries his son Here Yahweh’s care for his people is compared to that of a father. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God has taken care of you, like a father takes care of his son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) DEU 1 31 ivd6 0 until you came to this place Alternate translation: “until you came to this land that God promised to give you” DEU 1 32 hy2f 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. DEU 1 33 t7vc 0 make camp Alternate translation: “put up your tents” DEU 1 34 p8tw 0 General Information: Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said to them. DEU 1 34 a5i6 0 heard the sound of your words Alternate translation: “heard what you were saying” DEU 1 34 gv71 0 he swore and said God made a vow not to allow those who rebelled against him to enter the land he promised to give them. DEU 1 35 l5ps 0 will see Alternate translation: “will enter” DEU 1 36 xn3b 0 save Caleb Alternate translation: “except Caleb” DEU 1 36 ai2l translate-names 0 Jephunneh This is the name of Caleb’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 1 36 ix6z figs-pronouns 0 he has wholly followed Yahweh Yahweh speaks as if he were someone else. Alternate translation: “he has completely obeyed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) DEU 1 37 z3bs 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. DEU 1 37 j94d figs-explicit 0 Yahweh was angry with me because of you This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 1 38 du4b translate-names 0 Nun This is the name of Joshua’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 1 38 ze5m figs-explicit 0 who stands before you Why Joshua stands before Moses can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “who stands before you as your servant” or “who helps you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 1 39 gn7q 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. DEU 1 40 mrt9 0 turn and take your journey Alternate translation: “turn around and go back on the road you have come on” DEU 1 41 wwe3 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. DEU 1 41 eg59 0 sinned against Yahweh Alternate translation: “we have rebelled against Yahweh by disobeying him” DEU 1 41 zg19 0 we will follow Alternate translation: “we will obey” DEU 1 41 l3as figs-metonymy 0 to attack the hill country Here the metonym “hill country” represents the people that live there. Alternate translation: “to attack the people who live in the hill country” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 1 42 vgw8 figs-activepassive 0 for I will not be with you, and you will be defeated by your enemies If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your enemies will defeat you because I will not be with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 1 43 q8fb 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. DEU 1 43 t5l6 figs-metonymy 0 attacked the hill country The metonym “hill country” stands for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “attacked the people who live in the hill country” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 1 44 z33p figs-simile 0 chased you like bees A “bee” is a small, flying insect that flies in large groups and stings people who threaten them. This means that so many Amorites attacked the Israelite soldiers that they had to leave the battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) DEU 1 44 z2yu translate-names 0 Seir This is the name of a piece of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 1 44 fn6p translate-names 0 Hormah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 1 44 xcg6 0 struck you down Alternate translation: “killed many of your soldiers” DEU 1 45 d7e5 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. DEU 1 45 yrs7 0 returned and wept Alternate translation: “returned to Kadesh and wept” DEU 2 intro ji46 0 # Deuteronomy 2 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Covenant faithfulness<br>Yahweh is faithful to the covenant he made with Abraham. He is also faithful to the promises he made with Esau and Lot. Because of this, Israel was given specific land it was able to conquer in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) DEU 2 1 ys5a 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. DEU 2 1 b9af 0 Then we turned and took our journey Alternate translation: “Then we turned around and went” DEU 2 1 yf1v 0 we went around Mount Seir for many days This could mean: (1) the Israelites traveled around the mountain called Seir for a very long time or (2) the Israelites wandered in a region called Mount Seir for a very long time. DEU 2 1 r626 translate-names 0 Mount Seir This is a mountainous area south of the Dead Sea. The area is also called “Edom.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:2](../01/02.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 1 lng2 0 many days Some languages translate this as “many nights.” DEU 2 4 t4vc 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. DEU 2 4 trl3 0 of your brothers, the descendants of Esau Alternate translation: “of your relatives, the descendants of Esau” DEU 2 5 e5j7 0 I have given Mount Seir to Esau as a possession Yahweh is reminding the Israelites that he has given this territory to the descendants of Esau. DEU 2 6 rd6v 0 General Information: Moses continues to instruct Israel in how they are to treat the descendants of Esau. DEU 2 6 qn8p 0 You will purchase food from them Yahweh is giving them permission or instruction, not a command, and he is telling them not to steal. “I permit you to purchase food from them” or “If you need food, you are to purchase it from them” DEU 2 6 pc6f 0 from them Alternate translation: “from Esau’s descendants” DEU 2 6 ru4x 0 for money If these words are not needed or make the translation unclear, you may omit them. DEU 2 7 st5n figs-you 0 your God has blessed you … your hand … your walking … your God … with you, and you have lacked Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 2 7 ief6 figs-synecdoche 0 you in all the work of your hand The “work of your hand” refers to all the work they had done. Alternate translation: “all of your work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 2 7 act3 figs-metonymy 0 he has known your walking Here what happened to the people while they were walking is spoken of as their “walking.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 2 7 u2px translate-numbers 0 forty years Alternate translation: “40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 2 7 l4f1 figs-litotes 0 you have lacked nothing This is a litotes for “you have had everything you needed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) DEU 2 8 t48a 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. DEU 2 8 n8fq 0 by our brothers Alternate translation: “by our relatives” DEU 2 8 ctw5 translate-names 0 Elath … Ezion Geber These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 8 lbh3 figs-idiom 0 we turned This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “we kept going” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 2 9 g8pa writing-background 0 General Information: This is the end of a part of Moses’ speech reminding the Israelites of how Yahweh guided them in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) DEU 2 9 ftp7 figs-metonymy 0 Do not trouble Moab The word “Moab” represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “Do not trouble the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 2 9 cs7l translate-names 0 Ar This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 9 sl7s figs-explicit 0 the descendants of Lot The people of Israel were related to the descendants of Moab. Moab was the son of Lot. Lot was the nephew of Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 2 10 am7r writing-background 0 General Information: The writer begins to give background information about the people of the land. These words are not part of Moses’ speech to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) DEU 2 10 n8xl writing-background 0 The Emites lived These words give background information about the Emite people, who had lived in the land before the Moabites. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) DEU 2 10 d4pi translate-names 0 Emites This is the name of a people group that were considered giants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 10 yv8c 0 Anakim These are descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/28.md). DEU 2 11 zxl2 writing-background 0 General Information: This continues the background information about the different people groups that had lived in the land. (See: [Deuteronomy 2:10](./10.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]). DEU 2 11 eds2 translate-names 0 Rephaim This is the name of a people group that were considered giants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 12 j8rr writing-background 0 General Information: This continues the background information about the different people groups that had lived in the land. (See: [Deuteronomy 2:10](./10.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]). DEU 2 12 ye16 translate-names 0 Horites This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 12 v8s2 0 destroyed them from before them Alternate translation: “killed all of them so none of them were left living with them” or “removed them from their presence by killing all of them” DEU 2 13 tfp1 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the Israelites of what had happened to them in the wilderness. DEU 2 13 ruf4 figs-quotations 0 ‘Now rise up … Zered.’ So Alternate translation: “‘Then Yahweh said, “Now rise up … Zered.’ So.” This can be translated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh told us to rise up … Zered. So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) DEU 2 13 va2q figs-idiom 0 rise up begin to do something (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 2 13 mn1h translate-names 0 the brook Zered This stream flows into the Dead Sea from the southeast and creates the border between Edom and Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 14 h8wz writing-background 0 Now the days The word “now” marks a change from the story to background information about how long the people of Israel traveled and about God’s anger towards that generation. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) DEU 2 14 s3qf translate-numbers 0 thirty-eight years Alternate translation: “38 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 2 14 a2ue figs-euphemism 0 were gone from the people This is a polite way of saying “had died.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) DEU 2 15 q5m7 figs-synecdoche 0 the hand of Yahweh was against Here “the hand of Yahweh” refers to Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh used his power against” or “Yahweh punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 2 16 pv43 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel of what happened in the past. DEU 2 18 yrj6 figs-you 0 You are Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 2 18 g7yv translate-names 0 Ar This is the name of a city in Moab. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 2:9](../02/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 19 c269 figs-you 0 do not trouble … will not give you Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the command and the word “you” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 2 19 af4b figs-explicit 0 to the descendants of Lot The people of Israel were related to the descendants of Ammon. Ammon was the son of Lot. Lot was the nephew of Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 2 20 s8bn writing-background 0 General Information: These verses begin to give background information about the people groups who lived in the land. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) DEU 2 20 n15r figs-activepassive 0 That also is considered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People also consider that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 2 20 p2rw translate-names 0 Rephaim This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 21 fpu6 translate-names 0 Anakim This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 21 sq14 0 destroyed them before the Ammonites Alternate translation: “allowed the Ammonites to defeat them” or “allowed the Ammonites to kill them all” DEU 2 21 xz3g 0 they succeeded them and lived in their place Alternate translation: “the Ammonites took over everything the Rephaim had owned and have lived where the Rephaim had lived” DEU 2 22 y1ib translate-names 0 Horites This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:12](../02/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 22 yq6w 0 succeeded them and have lived in their place Alternate translation: “took over everything the Horites had owned and have lived where the Horites had lived” DEU 2 23 i3fg 0 General Information: The writer finishes describing how God enabled Esau to conquer the land Esau is now inhabiting. DEU 2 23 c7kb translate-names 0 Avvites … Caphtorim These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 23 wmz4 translate-names 0 Caphtor This is the name of a place. It may be another name for the island of Crete located in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 23 feg9 0 destroyed them Alternate translation: “destroyed the Avvim” DEU 2 23 un7u 0 settled in their place Alternate translation: “lived where the Avvim had lived” DEU 2 24 v5lr 0 General Information: The writer has finished giving background information and is now again telling what Moses said to the Israelites. DEU 2 24 yyy9 0 Now rise up Yahweh is telling Moses what the people should do. “Now get up” or “Now go.” DEU 2 24 b1uk 0 go on your journey Alternate translation: “continue your journey” DEU 2 24 v45y translate-names 0 Valley of the Arnon This is the name of the valley of the Arnon River. It creates the border between Moab and the Amorites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 24 j7cy figs-metonymy 0 I have given into your hand The metonym “into your hand” means “into your control or power.” Alternate translation: “I have given you the power to defeat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 2 24 g8xa figs-you 0 your hand … Begin to possess it … fight Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “your” and the commands “begin to possess” and “fight” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 2 24 gvu7 translate-names 0 Sihon This is the name of a king. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 24 q9kc translate-names 0 Heshbon This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 24 k7py 0 fight with him Alternate translation: “fight against him and his army” DEU 2 25 il8b figs-you 0 terror of you … news about you … because of you Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 2 25 jg6p figs-doublet 0 put the fear and terror The words “fear” and “terror” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the fear is intense. Alternate translation: “put a terrible fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 2 25 x3s5 figs-idiom 0 peoples that are under the whole sky This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “peoples in every land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 2 25 fjp4 figs-hendiadys 0 tremble and be in anguish This is hendiadys and emphasizes that the people will “tremble in anguish.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) DEU 2 26 ajl4 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. DEU 2 26 d2n3 0 I sent Here “I” refers to Moses. DEU 2 26 p6fj translate-names 0 wilderness of Kedemoth This is the name of a place near the valley of Arnon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 26 t59e translate-names 0 Sihon … Heshbon These are the names of a man and a place. See how you translated them in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 26 efk3 0 with words of peace Alternate translation: “with my offer of peace” or “with a message from me asking for peace” DEU 2 27 zr26 figs-litotes 0 I will turn neither to the right hand nor to the left This phrase emphasizes that they will always go in the same direction. It can be stated in positive form. “I will not change direction” or “I will always stay on the path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) DEU 2 28 mf3s 0 General Information: This continues Moses’ message to King Sihon. DEU 2 28 n54c 0 You will sell me food for money, so that I may eat; give me water for money, so that I may drink Moses tells Sihon that the Israelites will not steal from the Amorites and requests that Sihon and his people sell food and water to the Israelites; he is not giving a command. Alternate translation: “I expect to have to pay for food so I can eat and to pay for water so I can drink” DEU 2 28 jp21 figs-synecdoche 0 sell me … I may eat … give me … I may drink Moses is referring to the people of Israel as if they were Moses himself. Alternate translation: “sell to me and my people … we may eat … give us … we may drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 2 28 twx5 0 only let me pass through on my feet Alternate translation: “only let us walk through your land” DEU 2 29 nj8q translate-names 0 Ar This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:9](../02/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 30 iv42 0 General Information: Moses continues to remind the people of what happened in the past. DEU 2 30 pe7f translate-names 0 Sihon … Heshbon These are the names of a man and a place. See how you translated them in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 30 n8cg figs-you 0 your God … your might Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 2 30 fad4 figs-parallelism 0 hardened his mind and made his heart obstinate Both of these phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh “caused him to become very stubborn.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 2 31 wz3l 0 to deliver up Sihon and his land before you Alternate translation: “to give Sihon and his land over to you” DEU 2 31 mi9p 0 begin to possess it, in order that you may inherit his land Alternate translation: “take possession of his land, so that you may inherit it” DEU 2 32 lu82 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. DEU 2 32 e5dq translate-names 0 Sihon This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 32 k97a translate-names 0 Jahaz This is the name of a city in Moab (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 34 x76b 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people about what happened in the past. DEU 2 34 ie9v 0 We took all his cities Alternate translation: “We captured all of King Sihon’s cities” DEU 2 36 i479 translate-names 0 Aroer This is the name of a city on the north bank of the Arnon River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 36 pd7q translate-names 0 Valley of the Arnon Alternate translation: “Arnon” is the name of a river. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 36 snr1 figs-litotes 0 there was not a city too high for us This negative statement is used to emphasize their success in battle. This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “we were able to defeat the people of every city even if the city had high walls around it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) DEU 2 37 v1z7 figs-you 0 you did not go Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 2 37 vt6d translate-names 0 Jabbok River This is the name of a river that created the border between Sihon’s land and the land of the Ammonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 3 intro z1ea 0 # Deuteronomy 3 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Victories<br>The victories recorded in this chapter occurred on the east side of the Jordan River. This was not part of the Promised Land, which was on the west side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) DEU 3 1 b1tm 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel of what happened in the past. DEU 3 1 z2w7 translate-names 0 Og This is the name of a king. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 3 1 v626 translate-names 0 Edrei This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 3 2 a3g7 translate-names 0 Sihon This is the name of a king. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 3 2 dc9j translate-names 0 Heshbon This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 3 2 hn64 figs-you 0 Yahweh said to me, ‘Do not fear him;…given you … under your control … You will do … as you did … at Heshbon.’ Yahweh is speaking to Moses as if Moses were the Israelites, so the command “do not fear” and all instances of “you” and “your” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 3 2 w3dp 0 fear him … over him … his people and his land Here the words “him” and “his” refer to Og. DEU 3 2 w9tj figs-pastforfuture 0 I have given you victory Yahweh speaks of what he will do as if he had already done it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) DEU 3 2 pqq3 figs-synecdoche 0 You will do to him as you did to Sihon The word “him” is a metonym for “his people.” Alternate translation: “You will destroy Og and his people as you did Sihon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 3 3 n4lw figs-activepassive 0 all his people were put under our control If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh put all of Og’s people under our control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 3 3 rm5e figs-litotes 0 not one of his people remained This is a litotes that is used to emphasize that the Israelites did not let anyone live. Alternate translation: “all of his people were dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) DEU 3 4 nwb3 figs-doublenegatives 0 There was not one of the sixty cities that we did not take This is a double negative that emphasizes that they took all of the 60 cities. Alternate translation: “We took every one of the sixty cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) DEU 3 4 n378 translate-numbers 0 sixty cities Alternate translation: “60 cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 3 4 x9q1 translate-names 0 the region of Argob This is the name of a region within Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 3 5 qup3 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel of what happened in the past. DEU 3 5 p7qc 0 These were all cities fortified with Alternate translation: “These were all cities protected by” DEU 3 5 v9nt 0 besides very many Alternate translation: “in addition to very many” or “not including very many” DEU 3 6 mm89 translate-names 0 Sihon This is the name of a king. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 3 6 zx6i translate-names 0 Heshbon This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 3 8 w2ct 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. DEU 3 8 e82d figs-metonymy 0 out of the hand of the two kings Here the metonym “out of the hand of” means “from the control of.” Alternate translation: “from the control of the two kings” or “from the two kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 3 8 kg66 0 Amorites Alternate translation: “Amorite people.” See how you translated the name of this people group in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). DEU 3 8 l9c4 0 beyond the Jordan This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “east of the Jordan River” DEU 3 8 c8hd 0 the Valley of the Arnon See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md). DEU 3 8 b5q8 translate-names 0 Mount Hermon This is the name of a mountain at the northern border of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 3 9 nk7s translate-names 0 Mount Hermon … Sirion … Senir These are all names of the same mountain which is at the northern border of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 3 10 g7ie 0 Bashan … Edrei … Og See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). DEU 3 10 gk8j 0 of the plain This is high, flat land between the Arnon River and Mount Gilead. DEU 3 10 l1kh translate-names 0 Salekah This is the name of a city near Edrei. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 3 11 nd7p 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. DEU 3 11 ju5n writing-background 0 For of the remnant … the way people measure This is background information about King Og. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) DEU 3 11 mdg3 0 Rephaim See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:11](../02/11.md). DEU 3 11 i4qm 0 Look! Alternate translation: “Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you.” DEU 3 11 ev4b figs-rquestion 0 Was it not in Rabbah,…live? The writer uses a question to remind the people of Israel that they could go to Rabbah and see how large Og must have been. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. This could mean: (1) “It was in Rabbah,…live.” or (2) “It is in Rabbah … live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 3 11 b98u translate-bdistance 0 cubits A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) DEU 3 11 z43d 0 the way people measure Alternate translation: “according to the cubit most people use” DEU 3 12 ac8k 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of what happened in the past. DEU 3 12 s921 0 Aroer See how you translated the name of this town in [Deuteronomy 2:36](../02/36.md). DEU 3 12 h352 0 the Valley of the Arnon See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md). DEU 3 13 pt8s 0 the region of Argob See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 3:4](../03/04.md). DEU 3 13 xzf3 writing-background 0 The same territory is called the land of Rephaim The writer begins to present background information about the land that the people of Israel captured. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) DEU 3 13 g27b 0 Rephaim See how you translated the name of this land in [Deuteronomy 2:11](../02/11.md). DEU 3 14 xv6z 0 General Information: This continues the background information about the land the people of Israel captured ([Deuteronomy 3:13](../03/13.md)). DEU 3 14 aa4n translate-names 0 Jair This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 3 14 uz9u translate-names 0 the Geshurites and the Maakathites These are people groups who lived west of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 3 14 g7g2 0 Havvoth Jair Translators may make a footnote that says: “The name ‘Havvoth Jair’ means ‘tent villages of Jair’ or ‘realm of Jair.’” DEU 3 15 hyk9 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. DEU 3 15 fik9 0 I gave Here “I” refers to Moses. DEU 3 15 x1nt translate-names 0 to Machir Machir was the son of Manasseh. He had died before Moses gave this land. The name is a metonym for the descendants of the person. Alternate translation: “to the descendants of Machir” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 3 16 ni9h translate-names 0 Jabbok River This is the name of a river that created the border between Sihon’s land and the land of the Ammonites. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:37](../02/37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 3 17 qm24 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. DEU 3 17 bb2m 0 Another of its borders is also Alternate translation: “The western border of the Reubenite and Gadite territory is” DEU 3 17 y51g translate-names 0 Kinnereth the Sea of Kinnereth, also called “the Sea of Galilee” or “the Lake of Gennesaret” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 3 17 w6xs translate-names 0 Mount Pisgah This is the name of a mountain in the northern part of the Abarim mountain range. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 3 18 i7wz 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. DEU 3 18 i1zt figs-explicit 0 I commanded you at that time Moses reminds the tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh that they must help the other Israelites conquer the rest of the land God promised them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 3 18 rt7n 0 will pass over armed before Alternate translation: “will take your weapons and cross the Jordan River ahead of” DEU 3 18 mq1x 0 your brothers, the people of Israel Alternate translation: “your fellow Israelites” DEU 3 19 ma9q 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the tribes of Reuben and Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh. DEU 3 20 isu7 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh gives rest to your brothers The writer speaks as if the ability to rest were a physical object that could be given as a gift. The word “rest” is also a metaphor for peaceful life in which there is no war. Alternate translation: “Yahweh allows your brothers to rest” or “Yahweh allows your brothers to stop fighting wars and live peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 3 20 ac2j 0 beyond the Jordan This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “east of the Jordan River” DEU 3 20 s3hn 0 then will you return Moses is emphasizing that the other tribes must possess their land before Yahweh will permit these three tribes to possess their land. “only then are you to return.” DEU 3 21 s2lk 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. DEU 3 21 p9pl figs-synecdoche 0 Your eyes have seen Here “eyes” refers to Joshua. Alternate translation: “You have seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 3 23 d3fi 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people about what happened in the past. DEU 3 23 j4ne 0 I implored Here “I” refers to Moses. This means he asked God in a very earnest, emotional way. DEU 3 24 z9tn 0 to show your servant Here “your servant” is a polite way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: “to show me, your servant” DEU 3 24 idr1 figs-metonymy 0 your strong hand Here the metonym “hand” means control or power. Alternate translation: “your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 3 24 qkn5 figs-rquestion 0 for what god is there … acts? Moses uses a question to emphasize that Yahweh is the only God with the power to do the works he has done. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “for there is no god … acts.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 3 24 ls1e figs-merism 0 in heaven or in earth These two extremes together mean “anywhere.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) DEU 3 25 c8zq 0 beyond the Jordan Alternate translation: “west of the Jordan River.” When Moses spoke these words to Yahweh, he was east of the Jordan River in Moab. DEU 3 26 xt4j 0 General Information: Moses continues telling the people of Israel what happened in the past. DEU 3 26 p3zp figs-explicit 0 Yahweh was angry with me because of you This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:37](../01/37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 3 27 qm9b 0 Pisgah See how you translated this is in [Deuteronomy 3:17](../03/17.md). DEU 3 27 a7ag figs-idiom 0 lift up your eyes The words “lift up your eyes” are an idiom that means look. Alternate translation: “look” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 3 28 x7d3 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. DEU 3 29 dut2 translate-names 0 Beth Peor This is the name of a town in Moab near Mount Pisgah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 4 intro d8g8 0 # Deuteronomy 4 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Law of Moses<br>In order to possess the land, the people needed to obey the law of Moses. This will be the most important thing in the religious life of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Moses’ instructions<br>Moses is not allowed to enter into the Promised Land. Since they are getting ready to possess the Promised Land, Moses gives them some last instructions before his death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>Moses uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these questions is to convince his readers to obey his instructions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 4 1 m1n5 0 I am about to teach you Moses is telling the people of Israel what God wants them to do. DEU 4 1 zdp5 0 to do them Alternate translation: “and obey them” DEU 4 2 ft3x 0 You will not add to the words … neither will you diminish them Yahweh does not want his people to create new laws, or to ignore those he has already given them. DEU 4 3 u7gv 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 4 3 j4ng figs-synecdoche 0 Your eyes have seen Here “eyes” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “You saw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 4 3 bs2a figs-explicit 0 because of Baal Peor The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “because of the sins you committed at Baal Peor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 4 3 fpr6 0 Peor See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:29](../03/29.md). DEU 4 3 yl8h figs-pronouns 0 Yahweh your God has destroyed them from among you Moses speaks to the people of Israel as though they were one person, so “your” and “you” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) DEU 4 4 x6hf figs-metaphor 0 you who clung to Yahweh The writer speaks as if trusting in Yahweh and obeying him were like physically holding on to a person. Alternate translation: “you who were careful to obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 4 5 yhv5 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 4 5 hs9r 0 Look Alternate translation: “Pay attention” DEU 4 5 bis8 0 that you should do so in the midst of the land Alternate translation: “that you should obey them when you live in the land” DEU 4 6 zr9k figs-doublet 0 keep them and do them These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that they are to obey them. Alternate translation: “obey them carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 4 6 bhy7 figs-abstractnouns 0 this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the peoples If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas behind the words **wisdom** and **understanding**, you can express the same idea with adjective phrases. Here, the word **sight** refers to how the peoples judge or decide on the value of something. Alternate translation: “this is what will show the peoples that you are wise and that you understand what is important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 4 6 sr33 figs-metonymy 0 this great nation is a wise and understanding people The word “nation” is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “the people of this great nation are wise and understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 4 7 thf7 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. DEU 4 7 m62n figs-rquestion 0 For what other great nation is there … him? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “For there is no other great nation … him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 4 8 g3lt figs-rquestion 0 What other great nation is there … today? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no other great nation … today.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 4 9 wv6p 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. DEU 4 9 bfw3 figs-pronouns 0 Only pay attention … guard yourself … you do not forget … your eyes … your heart … your life … make them known to your children and your children’s children Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they are one person, so all instances of “you,” “your,” and “yourself,” as well as the commands “pay attention,” “guard,” and “make known” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 4 9 d2dg 0 Only pay attention and carefully guard yourself Alternate translation: “Pay careful attention and be sure to remember these things always” DEU 4 9 gm1c figs-parallelism 0 you do not forget … they do not leave your heart These phrases means the same thing and emphasize that the people of Israel must remember what they have seen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 4 9 hp7e figs-synecdoche 0 your eyes have seen Here “eyes” are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “you have seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 4 10 tkm7 figs-pronouns 0 you stood before Yahweh your God Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they are one person, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 4 10 ivm8 0 Assemble me the people Alternate translation: “Bring the people together and bring them to me” DEU 4 11 wy4q 0 General Information: Moses continues to remind the Israelites of their history. DEU 4 11 ytq1 figs-idiom 0 with fire to the heart of heaven This is an idiom. “The heart of” means “the middle of” or “the innermost part of,” and “heaven” here refers to the sky. Alternate translation: “with a fire that went up to the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 4 11 f82u figs-hendiadys 0 with darkness, cloud, and thick darkness Here “thick darkness” describes the cloud. Alternate translation: “with a thick, dark cloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) DEU 4 11 jh6q 0 thick darkness Another possible meaning is “heavy cloud.” DEU 4 13 re7g 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. DEU 4 13 tk8q 0 He declared Alternate translation: “Yahweh declared” DEU 4 13 yz4x 0 to you Here “you” refers to the Israelites who were at Mount Horeb. DEU 4 14 bdx7 0 in the land that you are crossing over to take possession of Alternate translation: “after you have crossed over the Jordan River and taken possession of the land” DEU 4 15 yqn4 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 4 16 f5bb 0 do not corrupt yourselves Alternate translation: “do not do what is wrong” DEU 4 18 xe6b 0 creeps on the ground Alternate translation: “crawls on the ground” DEU 4 19 a5bt figs-you 0 You shall not lift your eyes … and look … and be drawn … Yahweh your God Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” and the words “lift,” “look,” and “be drawn” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 4 19 mg57 figs-activepassive 0 You shall not … and be drawn away to worship If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not … and do not let anyone make you want to worship” or “Do not … and do not allow yourself worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 4 19 r5pg 0 all the host of the heavens Alternate translation: “everything you can see in the sky.” This is another way of referring to the sun, moon, and stars. DEU 4 19 mpi9 figs-idiom 0 of which Yahweh your God has given a share all the peoples This is an idiom. Moses speaks of the stars as if they were small objects like food that Yahweh was dividing and giving out to the people groups. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh your God has put there to help all people groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 4 20 uej2 figs-metaphor 0 brought you out of the iron furnace Moses speaks of Egypt and the hard work the Israelites did there as if it were an oven in which iron is heated and the Israelites were the iron. Alternate translation: “brought you out of the land where people made you do hard work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 4 20 c59d figs-idiom 0 a people of his own inheritance This is an idiom that can be translated “people who belong only to him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 4 21 q42n 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 4 21 l8rk figs-explicit 0 Yahweh was angry with me because of you This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:37](../01/37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 4 21 qnf5 figs-you 0 Yahweh your God is giving to you Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 4 23 gf5v 0 Pay attention to yourselves Alternate translation: “Pay careful attention” DEU 4 23 q9m3 figs-you 0 Yahweh your God has forbidden you Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one person, so the words “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 4 24 z6c8 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh your God is a devouring fire, a jealous God Moses compares how Yahweh acts when he is angry to the way a fire destroys things. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will severely punish and destroy you like a fire does because he does not want you to worship other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 4 24 d51q figs-you 0 Yahweh your God Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one person, so the word “your” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 4 25 d5qj 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. DEU 4 25 sw65 0 you beget … Yahweh your God The words “you” and “your” are singular here. DEU 4 25 txa1 0 beget become the father of, or become the ancestor of DEU 4 25 r6pb 0 if you corrupt yourselves Alternate translation: “if you do what is wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md). DEU 4 25 v824 figs-idiom 0 do what is evil in the sight of Yahweh your God, to provoke him to anger This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you make Yahweh your God angry by doing what he says is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 4 26 lbi9 figs-metonymy 0 I call heaven and earth to witness This could mean: (1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or (2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DEU 4 26 tz2p figs-metaphor 0 you will not prolong your days Long days are a metaphor for a long life. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 4 26 eme2 figs-hyperbole 0 but you will be completely destroyed As indicated in 4:27, not every Israelite will be killed. Here “completely destroy” is a generalization and emphasizes that many of the Israelites will die. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but Yahweh will destroy many of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 4 27 yy63 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 4 27 swv8 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh will scatter you among the peoples Moses speaks as if the people were seeds that Yahweh would scatter around a field. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will send you to many different places and force you to live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 4 27 u1el 0 will lead you away Alternate translation: “will send you” or “will cause your enemies to take you away” DEU 4 28 eq2t figs-synecdoche 0 the work of men’s hands, wood and stone Here “men’s hands” refers the men themselves, and “the work … wood and stone” to the idols that they have created. Alternate translation: “the wood and stone idols that men have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 4 29 t9hj figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. He speaks as though they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 4 29 nz82 0 But from there Alternate translation: “But when you are in those other nations” DEU 4 29 m6l6 figs-you 0 you will seek The word “you” here is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 4 29 fki1 0 when you search after him Alternate translation: “when you really try to find him” or “when you really try to know him” DEU 4 29 pl1s figs-metonymy 0 with all your heart and with all your soul Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 4 30 bu4p 0 will have come on Alternate translation: “have happened to” DEU 4 30 p1sc 0 in those later days Alternate translation: “afterwards” or “then” DEU 4 30 xhr4 figs-idiom 0 listen to his voice Here “listen” is an idiom that means to hear and obey. Also, “his voice” refers to Yahweh and emphasizes what he says. Alternate translation: “obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 4 32 yss9 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and the command “ask now” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 4 33 gv8c figs-rquestion 0 Did ever a people hear the voice of God speaking out of the midst of the fire, as you have heard, and live? Here the people of Israel are reminded of how Yahweh has spoken to them in an amazing way in the past. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No other people besides you has heard God speak from the middle of the fire and lived.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 4 33 uge5 figs-synecdoche 0 hear the voice of God speaking Here God is represented by his voice. Alternate translation: “hear God’s voice as he spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 4 34 i1ev 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. DEU 4 34 uct8 figs-metaphor 0 by a mighty hand, and by an outstretched arm Here “a mighty hand” and “an outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “by showing his mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 4 34 r398 figs-synecdoche 0 before your eyes Here “eyes” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “in front of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 4 35 yl1z figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 4 35 nu4a figs-activepassive 0 To you these things were shown If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh showed you these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 4 36 r411 0 he made you to hear … made you see Alternate translation: “he made sure you heard … made sure you saw” DEU 4 36 pii8 figs-metonymy 0 made you … you heard Moses speaks as if the people to whom he was speaking were the people he had spoken to at Mount Sinai many years earlier. The people at Mount Sinai were actually the fathers of the people to whom he was speaking these words. Alternate translation: “made your fathers … your fathers heard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 4 37 ss1r figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 4 37 p6x2 0 your fathers This refers to Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Jacob’s sons. DEU 4 37 yey2 0 with his presence, with his great power Alternate translation: “with the great power that comes from his presence” or “with his great power” DEU 4 39 esi7 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 4 39 ufg5 figs-idiom 0 lay it on your heart This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 4 39 f524 figs-merism 0 in heaven above and on the earth beneath The two phrases “in heaven” and “on the earth” show two extremes and mean “everywhere.” Alternate translation: “over everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) DEU 4 40 c3aw figs-metaphor 0 prolong your days Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 4 41 bt78 0 General Information: Moses’s speech, which began in [Deuteronomy 1:6](../01/06.md), has finished, and the writer continues the narrative that ended in [Deuteronomy 1:5](../01/05.md). DEU 4 43 csf7 translate-names 0 Bezer … Ramoth … Golan These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 4 44 j6tj 0 This is the law This refers to the laws Moses will give in the following chapters. DEU 4 46 zf9l translate-names 0 Beth Peor This is the name of a town in Moab near Mount Pisgah. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:29](../03/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 4 46 c8za 0 Sihon … Amorites … Heshbon Alternate translation: “King Sihon … Amorite people … town of Heshbon.” See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). DEU 4 47 ya36 0 his land King Sihon’s land DEU 4 47 h15l 0 beyond the Jordan toward the east This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. Alternate translation: “from the side of the Jordan River toward the east” DEU 4 48 kwj2 0 Aroer This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:36](../02/36.md). DEU 4 48 n3ct 0 the Valley of the Arnon This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md). DEU 4 48 vyn6 0 Mount Siyon … Mount Hermon These are different names for the same mountain. The word “Sion” is another spelling of “Sirion” ([Deuteronomy 3:9](../03/09.md)). See how you translated “Mount Hermon” in [Deuteronomy 3:8](../03/08.md). DEU 4 49 axk1 0 eastward beyond the Jordan This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. Alternate translation: “eastward from the side of the Jordan River” DEU 4 49 x6zf 0 Sea of the Arabah … Mount Pisgah See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 3:17](../03/17.md). DEU 5 intro xsp1 0 # Deuteronomy 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each of the commandements in the list of Ten Commandments in 5:7-21 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT uses a separate paragraph for each commandment.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Ten commandments<br>This chapter repeats the material of Exodus 20. It is known as the Ten Commandments.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors and idioms<br>Moses uses metaphors and idioms to instruct the people to follow the law of Moses. This is because it is very important to follow these laws. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 5 1 d5qb 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. DEU 5 1 vj47 figs-hyperbole 0 called to all Israel Here “all” is a generalization. Moses wanted everyone in Israel to hear and obey his words, but his voice was probably not so loud that everyone actually heard him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) DEU 5 1 rwb1 figs-synecdoche 0 that I will speak in your ears today Here “ears” refers to the whole person. This metaphor emphasizes that the people know what Moses has said to them, so they cannot sin and then say they did not know they were sinning. Alternate translation: “that I will speak to you today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 5 3 hf3s 0 Yahweh did not make this covenant with our ancestors This could mean: (1) Yahweh did not only make a covenant with those who were at Horeb; the covenant was also with the later generations of Israelites or (2) Yahweh did not make this covenant with their distant ancestors, such as, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; instead, this covenant began with the Israelites at Horeb. DEU 5 4 ijj6 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 5 4 h6t4 figs-idiom 0 face to face Use your language’s idiom for two people who are close to each other and looking at each other when they are speaking to each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 5 4 n291 0 on the mount Alternate translation: “on the mountain” DEU 5 5 b7in 0 at that time Moses is referring to an event that happened about 40 years earlier. DEU 5 6 fbu5 figs-metonymy 0 out of the house of slavery Here the metonym “house of slavery” refers to Egypt where the people of Israel had been slaves. Alternate translation: “out of the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 5 7 f42x figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people what Yahweh has commanded them. The phrases “you will” and “you will not” are commands. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 5 7 pa85 0 You will have no other gods before me Alternate translation: “You must not worship any other gods but me” DEU 5 8 bs7n figs-explicit 0 that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water below This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “that is in the earth beneath your feet, or that is in the water below the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 5 9 a6ef figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 5 9 sxf4 0 You will not bow down to them or serve them Alternate translation: “You will not worship the carved figures or do as they command” DEU 5 9 q9rc 0 You will not Alternate translation: “Never” DEU 5 9 qi9s 0 I … am a jealous God Alternate translation: “I … want you to worship only me” DEU 5 10 zxf7 figs-abstractnouns 0 showing covenant faithfulness to thousands, to those who love me If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you can express the same idea with “faithfully” or “faithful.” Alternate translation: “faithfully loving thousands, those who love me” or “being faithful to the covenant with thousands, with those who love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 5 10 gvi1 figs-explicit 0 to thousands, to those who love me Some translations read “to a thousand generations of those who love me.” The word “thousands” is a metonym for a number too many to count. Alternate translation: “forever, to those who love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 5 11 kd28 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 5 11 nj56 0 You will not take the name of Yahweh Alternate translation: “You will not use the name of Yahweh” DEU 5 11 jap9 0 You will not See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 5:9](../05/09.md). DEU 5 11 fv41 0 in vain Alternate translation: “carelessly” or “without proper respect” or “for wrong purposes” DEU 5 11 in6b figs-doublenegatives 0 Yahweh will not hold him guiltless This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will consider him guilty” or “Yahweh will punish him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) DEU 5 12 vbs1 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 5 12 ybn9 0 to keep it holy Alternate translation: “to dedicate it to God” DEU 5 13 p3yg 0 do all your work Alternate translation: “do all your usual duties” DEU 5 14 cx31 translate-ordinal 0 seventh day Alternate translation: “day 7.” Here “seventh” is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) DEU 5 14 kbw8 0 On it you will not do Alternate translation: “On that day never do” DEU 5 14 c3x8 figs-synecdoche 0 within your gates Here “gates” is a reference to the city itself. Alternate translation: “within your community” or “inside your city” or “living with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 5 15 x69h figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 5 15 p52p figs-idiom 0 You will call to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “You must remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 5 15 ls4c figs-metaphor 0 by a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm Here “a mighty hand” and “an outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahweh’s power. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “by showing his mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 5 16 g54g figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 5 17 x2en figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 5 17 u97m 0 You will not See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 5:9](../05/09.md). DEU 5 18 lke6 0 You will not commit adultery Alternate translation: “You will not sleep with anyone other than your spouse” DEU 5 20 vp3r 0 You will not give false witness against your neighbor Alternate translation: “You will not tell lies about someone” DEU 5 21 msw3 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 5 21 sqc4 0 You will not See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 5:9](../05/09.md). DEU 5 22 c5s9 0 General Information: Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said. DEU 5 23 vkg3 0 General Information: Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what happened in the past. DEU 5 23 ar5z figs-synecdoche 0 heard the voice The word “voice” is a metonym for the sound of the voice or for the person who was speaking. Alternate translation: “heard the sound of the voice” or “heard Yahweh speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 5 25 k97b 0 General Information: Moses continues to remind the Israelites what the Israelites had said to Moses. DEU 5 25 zra9 figs-rquestion 0 But why should we die? They were afraid that they would die if Yahweh spoke to them. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We are afraid that we will die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 5 26 qk3j figs-rquestion 0 For who besides us is there … have done? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There are no other people besides us … have done.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 5 26 sdf1 figs-synecdoche 0 all flesh This represents all people or living things. Alternate translation: “all people” or “all living beings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 5 28 j5bk 0 when you spoke to me Here “me” refers to Moses. DEU 5 29 m98l figs-idiom 0 Oh, that there were If your language has an idiom that expresses a strong desire for something, you might want to use it here. Alternate translation: “I would be very happy if there were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 5 31 bn9j 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. DEU 5 31 u4lk 0 you will teach them Alternate translation: “you will teach the people of Israel” DEU 5 32 kyg9 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. DEU 5 32 weq5 0 You will keep Moses is giving a command to the people of Israel. DEU 5 32 w87i figs-metaphor 0 you will not turn aside to the right hand or to the left This compares a person disobeying God to a person turning off of the correct path. Alternate translation: “you will not disobey him in any way” or “you will do everything he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 5 33 ype4 figs-metaphor 0 prolong your days Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:40](../04/40.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 6 intro q4y8 0 # Deuteronomy 6 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s blessings<br>Yahweh’s continued blessing of the people of Israel is dependent upon the people’s obedience to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br>There are many metaphors in this chapter. These metaphors describe the greatness of the Promised Land the wholehearted worship that is completely dedicated to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) DEU 6 1 it53 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues the speech to the people of Israel he began in [Deuteronomy 5:1](../05/01.md). Beginning in verse 2, he speaks to the people of Israel as if they were one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 6 1 z6zb 0 might keep Alternate translation: “might obey” DEU 6 1 ymp9 0 going over the Jordan Alternate translation: “going to the other side of the Jordan River” DEU 6 2 l6ps 0 to keep Alternate translation: “to obey” DEU 6 2 i3ku figs-metaphor 0 that your days may be prolonged Long days are a metaphor for a long life. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This can be translated similarly to “prolong your days” in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “that I may prolong your days” or “that I may cause you to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 6 3 jl47 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 6 3 yk4u figs-explicit 0 listen to them Here “listen” means to obey, and “them” refers to Yahweh’s commandments. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “listen to Yahweh’s commandments, statutes, and decrees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 6 3 cau8 0 keep them Alternate translation: “obey them” DEU 6 3 t77l figs-idiom 0 a land flowing with milk and honey This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 6 4 cip9 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 6 4 zv4t 0 Yahweh our God is one Alternate translation: “Our God Yahweh is the one and only God” DEU 6 5 dc6b figs-metonymy 0 with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your might Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These three phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated “with all your heart, with all your soul” in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 6 6 g3hf figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 6 6 u7kf 0 I am commanding you Moses is speaking God’s commandments to the people of Israel. DEU 6 6 a1y8 figs-idiom 0 will be in your heart This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you must always remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 6 7 ye1m 0 you will diligently teach … you will talk Alternate translation: “I command you to diligently teach … I command you to talk.” The reader should understand these as commands. DEU 6 8 mh97 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 6 8 x5c9 figs-metonymy 0 tie them This is a metonym for “write these words on parchment, put the parchment in a pouch, and tie the pouch.” This metonym in turn may be a metaphor for “obey these words so that it is as if they were physically there.” Alternate translation: “tie these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 6 8 zn5b 0 as a sign upon your hand Alternate translation: “as something to make you remember my laws” DEU 6 8 w48b figs-metonymy 0 they will serve as frontlets This is a metonym for “write these words on parchment, put the parchment in a pouch, and tie the pouch to your head so it sits.” This metonym in turn may be a metaphor for “obey these words so that it is as if they were physically there.” Alternate translation: “my words will serve as frontlets”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 6 8 ju59 0 frontlets ornaments a person wears on the forehead DEU 6 9 ex69 0 You will write This is a command. DEU 6 10 gu32 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 6 10 yge8 0 large and very good cities that you did not build All these cities will belong to the people of Israel when they conquer the people in Canaan. DEU 6 12 kq91 figs-metonymy 0 out of the house of bondage Here the metonym “house of bondage” refers to Egypt, the place where the people of Israel had been slaves. Alternate translation: “out of the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 6 13 i1uw figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 6 13 b8cf 0 You will honor Yahweh your God; him you will worship, and you will swear by his name Alternate translation: “It is Yahweh your God and no one else whom you will honor; it is he alone whom you will worship, and it is by his name and only his name that you will swear.” Your language may have another way of emphasizing that Yahweh is telling the Israelites not to worship or serve any other god. DEU 6 13 rn98 figs-metonymy 0 you will swear by his name To swear by the name of Yahweh means to make Yahweh the basis or the power on which the oath is made. The metonym “his name” refers to Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “you will swear and ask Yahweh to confirm it” or “when you swear you will speak his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 6 15 syl7 0 in the midst of you Alternate translation: “who lives among you” DEU 6 15 hb7p figs-activepassive 0 the anger of Yahweh your God will be kindled against you Moses compares Yahweh’s anger to someone starting a fire to destroy things. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. To kindle anger is a metaphor for becoming very angry. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will kindle his anger” or “Yahweh your God will become very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 6 15 a26k 0 destroy you from Alternate translation: “destroy you so that there is nothing left of you anywhere on” DEU 6 16 bd27 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 6 16 dj8u 0 You will not test Yahweh Here “test” means to challenge Yahweh and force him to prove himself. DEU 6 16 qk5b translate-names 0 Massah This is the name of a place in the desert. The translator may add a footnote that says: “The name ‘Massah’ means ‘testing.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 6 18 yri1 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 6 18 zh1i figs-idiom 0 You will do what is right and good in the sight of Yahweh This idiom is a command and a blessing. If the Israelites obey Yahweh, they will receive blessings from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Do what Yahweh says is right and good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 6 20 h9eh figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 6 20 vrj8 figs-metonymy 0 What are the covenant decrees … commanded you In this question the “covenant decrees” represent their meaning and purpose. Alternate translation: “What do the covenant decrees … commanded mean to you” or “Why should you obey the covenant decrees … commanded you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 6 20 m992 0 your son This refers to the children of the adult people of Israel to whom Moses was speaking Yahweh’s words. DEU 6 21 c19m figs-metaphor 0 with a mighty hand Here “a mighty hand” refers to Yahweh’s power. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “with his mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 6 22 c7l2 figs-metonymy 0 on all his house Here the metonym “his house” refers to the people of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “on all of his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 6 22 k3se figs-synecdoche 0 before our eyes Here the word “eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “where we could see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 6 23 atp7 figs-explicit 0 might bring us in The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “might bring us into Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 6 24 nhg8 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. He tells them what they should tell their children about Yahweh’s commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 6 24 ye68 0 keep obey at all times and for a long time DEU 6 25 p4b1 0 before Yahweh Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “where Yahweh can see us” DEU 6 25 bva9 figs-metonymy 0 this will be our righteousness The word “this” refers to keeping Yahweh’s commands. This is a metonym for Yahweh considering them righteous. Alternate translation: “he will consider us righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 7 intro y1wn 0 # Deuteronomy 7 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “You must completely destroy them”<br>The people of Canaan were to be punished by Yahweh. Yahweh used Israel to punish these nations. If they were not completely destroyed, they would lead Israel into sin. Therefore, they were to be completely destroyed and be shown no mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])<br><br>### Abrahamic Covenant<br>This chapter references parts of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham. It also emphasizes Yahweh’s faithfulness to this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) DEU 7 1 zv16 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 7 2 wdj3 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 7 2 h8dz figs-metaphor 0 gives them over to you Moses speaks of victory as if it were a physical object one person could give to another. Alternate translation: “enables you to defeat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 7 2 s8nt 0 you defeat them Here “them” refers to the seven nations from [Deuteronomy 7:1](../07/01.md). DEU 7 4 y5rt figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 7 4 rsx4 0 For they will Alternate translation: “If you allow your children to marry the people from the other nations, the people from the other nations will” DEU 7 4 x5dn figs-metaphor 0 So the anger of Yahweh will be kindled against you Moses compares Yahweh’s anger to someone starting a fire. This emphasizes Yahweh’s power to destroy what makes him angry. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will kindle his anger against you” or “Then Yahweh will become very angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 7 4 nm8d figs-you 0 against you The word “you” refers to all the Israelites and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 7 5 m2rl figs-you 0 you will deal … You will break … dash … cut … burn Moses is speaking to all the Israelites here, so these words are all plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 7 6 bdz4 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses tells the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 7 6 d86k figs-metaphor 0 you are a nation that is set apart Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 7 6 uqx6 figs-idiom 0 that are on the face of the earth This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that live on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 7 7 y5fb figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words. All instances of “you” and “your” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 7 7 s7u3 figs-idiom 0 did not set his love upon you This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “did not love you more than he loved others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 7 8 j4hq figs-metaphor 0 with a mighty hand Here “a mighty hand” refers to Yahweh’s power. These words also appear in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “with his mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 7 8 xtl5 figs-metaphor 0 redeemed you out of the house of bondage Moses speaks of Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves as if Yahweh had paid money to a slave owner. Alternate translation: “rescued you from being slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 7 8 wdf1 0 house of bondage Here the metonym “house of bondage” refers to Egypt, the place where the people of Israel had been slaves. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 6:12](../06/12.md). Alternate translation: “out of the place where you were slaves” DEU 7 8 u9xe figs-metonymy 0 hand of Pharaoh Here “hand” means “the control of.” Alternate translation: “control of Pharaoh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 7 9 wd9i figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 7 9 ky8b translate-numbers 0 for a thousand generations Alternate translation: “for 1,000 generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 7 10 g32i figs-idiom 0 repays those who hate him to their face This idiom means “repays them quickly and openly so that they know God has punished them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 7 10 xk2p figs-litotes 0 he will not be lenient on whoever hates him The words “not be lenient” are an understatement to emphasize that Yahweh will severely punish. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will severely punish everyone who hates him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) DEU 7 12 v1lv figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words. He speaks as if the Israelites are one person in verse 12 and to all of them as a group in verse 13. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 7 13 ghv3 0 multiply you Alternate translation: “increase the number of your people” DEU 7 13 nmj6 figs-idiom 0 the fruit of your body This is an idiom for “your children.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 7 13 rl5m figs-idiom 0 the fruit of your ground This is an idiom for “your crops.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 7 13 p14j 0 the multiplication of your cattle Alternate translation: “your cattle so they will become many” DEU 7 14 f2th figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 7 14 fiu4 figs-activepassive 0 You will be blessed more than all other peoples If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will bless you more than I bless any other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 7 14 e33a figs-litotes 0 there will not be a childless male or a barren female among you or among your cattle Moses uses a negative statement to emphasize that they all will be able to have children. This may be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “All of you will be able to have children and your cattle will be able to reproduce” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) DEU 7 14 xr4e figs-you 0 among you … your cattle The words “you” and “your” are plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 7 15 qmw7 0 take away from you all sickness Alternate translation: “make sure that you do not become ill” or “keep you completely healthy” DEU 7 15 x26j figs-metaphor 0 none of the evil diseases … will he put on you, but he will put them on all those who hate you Moses speaks as if disease were a heavy object that Yahweh would put on top of people. Alternate translation: “he will not make you sick with any of the evil diseases … but he will make your enemies sick with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 7 16 x9kc figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 7 16 xbj2 0 You will consume all the peoples Alternate translation: “I command you to completely destroy all the people groups” DEU 7 16 aia1 figs-metonymy 0 your eye will not pity them This is a command. Moses speaks as if what the eye sees were the eye itself. Alternate translation: “do not allow what you see to cause you to pity them” or “do not pity them because you see that what you are doing is hurting them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 7 16 du7u 0 You will not worship Alternate translation: “never worship” DEU 7 16 yvn8 figs-metaphor 0 that will be a trap for you If the people worship other gods, they will be like an animal caught in a hunter’s trap, and they will be unable to escape. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 7 17 rl9v figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 7 17 bsr6 figs-idiom 0 If you say in your heart The people should not be afraid even if they notice that the nations are stronger than they are. Alternate translation: “Even if you say in your heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 7 17 p5tn figs-idiom 0 say in your heart This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 7 17 pn9g figs-rquestion 0 how can I dispossess them? Moses uses a question to emphasize that the people may feel afraid of the other nations. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not know how I will be able to dispossess them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 7 17 luy9 0 dispossess them Alternate translation: “take their land away from them” DEU 7 18 ls4k figs-idiom 0 do not be afraid The people should not be afraid even if they notice that the nations are stronger than they are. Alternate translation: “even then do not be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 7 18 fbw2 figs-idiom 0 you will call to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you must remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 7 19 a3ur figs-synecdoche 0 that your eyes saw Here “eyes” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “that you saw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 7 19 ph4a figs-metaphor 0 the mighty hand, and the outstretched arm Here “a mighty hand” and “an outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahweh’s power. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “and the mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 7 20 xr3w figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 7 20 pwt4 0 Moreover, Yahweh Alternate translation: “And also, Yahweh” DEU 7 20 sji2 0 send the hornet This could mean: (1) God will send actual flying insects that sting people and cause pain, or (2) God will cause the people to become terrified and want to run away. DEU 7 20 w9sm figs-idiom 0 perish from your presence This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “die so you do not see them anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 7 21 at6h 0 You will not Alternate translation: “Never” DEU 7 21 v7bu 0 a great and fearsome God Alternate translation: “a great and awesome God” or “a great God who causes the people to fear” DEU 7 22 d61j 0 little by little Alternate translation: “slowly” DEU 7 23 m5in figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 7 23 lkz5 figs-idiom 0 give you victory over This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “enable you to defeat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 7 23 qmm8 0 victory over them Alternate translation: “victory over the armies from the other nations” DEU 7 23 pa1h 0 he will greatly confuse them Alternate translation: “he will make them so they cannot think clearly” DEU 7 23 cpi5 figs-activepassive 0 until they are destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until you have destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 7 24 v25y figs-idiom 0 you will make their name perish from under heaven The Israelites will completely destroy all the people from those nations, and in the future no one will remember them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 7 24 q4py 0 stand before you Alternate translation: “stand against you” or “defend themselves against you” DEU 7 25 tq89 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words. In verse 25 he speaks to the group as a group, so the forms of “you” are plural, but in verse 26 he speaks as if the Israelites are one person, so the forms are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 7 25 y5bl 0 You will burn This is a command. DEU 7 25 d8rc 0 do not covet … trapped by it These words add to the instruction to burn the idols. DEU 7 25 su6c figs-metaphor 0 you will become trapped by it Even taking the gold or silver on the idols could cause the people to start worshiping them. By doing this they would become like an animal caught by a trap. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it will become a trap to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 7 25 z31g 0 for it is an abomination to Yahweh your God These words tell why Yahweh wants the people to burn the idols. “do this because Yahweh your God hates it very much” DEU 7 26 b8dp figs-doublet 0 You will utterly detest and abhor The words “detest” and “abhor” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of hatred. Alternate translation: “You will completely hate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 7 26 xs75 figs-metaphor 0 for it is set apart for destruction Yahweh cursing something and promising to destroy it is spoken of as if Yahweh were setting the object apart from everything else. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh has set it apart for destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 8 intro w4zj 0 # Deuteronomy 8 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Forgetting<br>This chapter recalls the great things that Yahweh has done for Israel and is about to do for them. This is so they do not forget him and they will continue to worship him. They must remember that Yahweh is the source of their blessings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) DEU 8 1 rbf2 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 8 1 zvt4 figs-you 0 You must keep … you may live and multiply, and go in and possess … your fathers All instances of “you” and “your” and the verbs are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 8 2 t2tj figs-idiom 0 You will call to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “You must remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 8 2 c56q translate-numbers 0 forty years Alternate translation: “40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 8 2 a9m6 0 he might humble you Alternate translation: “he might show you how weak and sinful you are” DEU 8 2 l3al 0 to know Alternate translation: “to reveal” or “to show” DEU 8 2 y8fn figs-metonymy 0 what was in your heart The heart is a symbol of a person’s character. Alternate translation: “what kind of people you are” or “how you would behave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 8 3 aiu7 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. He continues to remind them of what they should “call to mind” ([Deuteronomy 8:2](../08/02.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 8 3 upj2 0 He humbled you Alternate translation: “Yahweh showed you how weak and sinful you are.” See how “he might humble you” is translated in [Deuteronomy 8:2](../08/02.md). DEU 8 3 ygr4 0 fed you with manna Alternate translation: “gave you manna to eat” DEU 8 3 t9be figs-synecdoche 0 it is not by bread alone that people live Here “bread” represents all food. Alternate translation: “food is not the only thing people need so they can live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 8 3 d9as figs-metonymy 0 it is by everything that proceeds out of the mouth of Yahweh that people live Here “the mouth of Yahweh” is a metonym for the words that Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “people must obey the commands of Yahweh so they can live” or “people must do what Yahweh tells them to do so they can live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 8 4 b3h6 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 8 4 pr86 0 Your clothing … forty years This is the last item that they should “call to mind” ([Deuteronomy 8:2](../08/02.md)). DEU 8 4 d347 translate-numbers 0 forty years Alternate translation: “40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 8 5 fty1 0 You will think … God disciplines you This continues the list of commands that begins in [Deuteronomy 8:1](./01.md). DEU 8 5 fn6f figs-metonymy 0 You will think about in your heart Here the metonym “heart” represents the thoughts and understanding of a person. Alternate translation: “You will understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 8 6 j5yw 0 You will keep … honor him This continues the list of commands that begins in [Deuteronomy 8:1](./01.md). DEU 8 7 y2tj figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 8 7 jl8h 0 a land of Alternate translation: “a land with” or “a land that has” DEU 8 9 gx2v figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 8 9 s4ft figs-litotes 0 a land in which you will eat bread without lack This litotes can be translated positively. Alternate translation: “a land where there will be plenty of food for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) DEU 8 9 s966 figs-doublenegatives 0 where you will not go without anything This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “where you will have everything you need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) DEU 8 9 dyk2 0 stones are made of iron The stones are full of iron ore. Iron is a very hard metal useful for swords and plows. DEU 8 9 q74l 0 dig copper Alternate translation: “mine copper.” Copper is a soft metal useful for making household utensils. DEU 8 10 cat4 0 You will eat and be full Alternate translation: “You will have enough food to eat until you are full” DEU 8 10 ac1j 0 you will bless Alternate translation: “you will praise” or “you will give thanks to” DEU 8 11 i252 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 8 12 g242 0 Connecting Statement: This verse describes the first two items of a list of five things that might make the Israelites forget about Yahweh (verse 11): “when you eat and are full” and “when you build good houses.” DEU 8 12 eyd5 0 when you eat and are full Alternate translation: “when you have enough food to eat” DEU 8 12 ft1p figs-metonymy 0 your heart will be lifted up Here “heart” represents the inner person. To become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the person’s heart is lifted up. Alternate translation: “you will become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 8 13 vg4r 0 Connecting Statement: This verse describes the last three of the five things that might cause them to forget Yahweh. The first two are “you eat and are full” and “you build good houses and live in them” ([Deuteronomy 8:12](./12.md)). The last three are “when your herds and flocks multiply,” “when your silver and gold increase,” and “all that you have is multiplied.” DEU 8 13 yd2e figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 8 13 tyu1 0 your herds and flocks Alternate translation: “your herds of cattle and flocks of sheep and goats” DEU 8 13 hl2t 0 multiply increase greatly in number DEU 8 13 ax24 figs-activepassive 0 all that you have is multiplied If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have many more things” or “you have many more possessions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 8 14 rus3 0 Connecting Statement: This verse contains the first two of three items Moses warns the people to be careful of ([Deuteronomy 8:11](./11.md)): that “your heart becomes lifted up” and “you forget Yahweh your God.” It then lists the first of four characteristics of Yahweh that they need to remember, that Yahweh “brought you out of the land of Egypt.” DEU 8 14 en28 figs-metonymy 0 your heart becomes lifted up Here “heart” represents the inner person. To become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the person’s heart is lifted up. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 8:12](../08/12.md). Alternate translation: “you become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 8 14 a2g6 figs-distinguish 0 who brought you out Moses begins to remind the Israelites of what they know about Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) DEU 8 14 k1uk figs-metaphor 0 out of the house of bondage This is a metaphor for the time they were slaves in Egypt. Alternate translation: “out from the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 8 15 p6ka 0 Connecting Statement: This verse gives the second and third items in the list of characteristics that Moses reminds the Israelites that they must remember about “Yahweh your God” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)) the first being that he “brought you out of Egypt” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)). the second that he led them “through the … wilderness,” and the third that he “brought … water out of the rock.” DEU 8 15 x3kw figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 8 15 c4zs figs-distinguish 0 Moses continues to remind the Israelites of what they know about Yahweh ([Deuteronomy 8:14](../08/14.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) DEU 8 15 da8e 0 who led … who brought Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who led … Yahweh, who brought” DEU 8 15 nlk7 0 fiery serpents Alternate translation: “poisonous snakes” DEU 8 15 x91q figs-personification 0 thirsty ground This phrase describes the ground as being thirsty just like a person is thirsty when he needs water. Alternate translation: “dry ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DEU 8 16 uzq3 0 Connecting Statement: This is the fourth item in the list of characteristics that Moses reminds the Israelites that they must remember about “Yahweh your God” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)) the first being that he “brought you out of Egypt” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)), the second that he led them “through the … wilderness” ([Deuteronomy 8:15](./15.md)), and the third that he “brought … water out of the rock” ([Deuteronomy 8:15](./15.md)). DEU 8 16 crk4 0 He fed Moses continues to remind the Israelites of what they know about Yahweh ([Deuteronomy 8:14](../08/14.md)). “Yahweh fed” DEU 8 16 q464 0 to do you good Alternate translation: “to help you” or “because it would be good for you” DEU 8 17 uf8j 0 Connecting Statement: This is the third item in the list of things that Yahweh warns the Israelites that they might do ([Deuteronomy 8:11](./11.md)), the first being “your heart becomes lifted up” and the second being “you forget Yahweh your God” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)). DEU 8 17 sd9i figs-metonymy 0 but you may say in your heart This is the third thing the people might do when their hearts “become lifted up” and they “forget Yahweh” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](../08/14.md)). Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s innermost thoughts. Alternate translation: “but you may think to yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 8 17 g2bf figs-metonymy 0 My power and the might of my hand acquired all this wealth Here “hand” refers to a man’s power or ability. Alternate translation: “I got this wealth because I am so strong and powerful” or “I have acquired all these things by my own power and ability” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 8 18 ftx1 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 8 18 nl2a figs-idiom 0 But you will call to mind This idiom is a command. Alternate translation: “But remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 8 18 g9fc 0 that he may establish This could mean: (1) “in this way he establishes” or (2) “in this way he is faithful to establish.” DEU 8 18 i5v9 0 that he may Alternate translation: “so he can” DEU 8 18 axw6 0 establish cause to stand or to remain DEU 8 18 in9j 0 as it is today Alternate translation: “as he is doing now” or “as he is establishing his covenant now” DEU 8 19 sdv6 figs-metaphor 0 walk after other gods Walking is a metaphor for obeying. Alternate translation: “serve other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 8 19 u2bq figs-you 0 against you … you will These instances of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 8 19 rd16 0 I testify against you Alternate translation: “I warn you” or “I tell you in front of witnesses” DEU 8 19 umv6 0 you will surely perish Alternate translation: “you will certainly die” DEU 8 20 d86j figs-you 0 before you … you perish … you would not … your God All these instances of “you” and “your” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 8 20 a8kh 0 before you Alternate translation: “in front of you” DEU 8 20 l83x figs-metonymy 0 would not listen to the voice of Yahweh Here “the voice of Yahweh” means what Yahweh tells his people to do. Alternate translation: “would not obey Yahweh’s commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 9 intro id6j 0 # Deuteronomy 9 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s victory<br>This chapter assures the Israelites that it is Yahweh who will empower them to conquer the Promised Land. The Israelites will not be strong enough on their own to conquer these other nations. This victory will be Yahweh’s. The people did not earn this victory, but it is Yahweh’s punishment of these sinful nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Israel’s sin<br>Yahweh is about to punish the Canaanites for their sin. He also reminds Israel of their sin. This serves as a warning to the people of Israel. If they sin again, Yahweh will punish them too. DEU 9 1 iqh4 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 9 1 wy46 figs-metonymy 0 Hear, Israel The word “Israel” is a metonym for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Listen, people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 9 1 n75r 0 to dispossess Alternate translation: “to take the land from” DEU 9 1 zw1n figs-hyperbole 0 fortified up to heaven This is an exaggeration that emphasizes how frightened the people were because the cities were so large and strong. See how you translated similar words in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/28.md). Alternate translation: “have walls so high it is like they reach up to the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) DEU 9 2 s1te figs-explicit 0 sons of the Anakim Descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. See how you translated similar words in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 9 2 ar68 figs-rquestion 0 Who can stand before the sons of Anak? This means that the sons of Anak were powerful and people were afraid of them. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no one who can defend himself against the sons of Anak.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 9 3 ax4l figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 9 3 jgy6 0 today Moses is speaking of the days and weeks beginning on that day, not of the time since the sun had last set. DEU 9 3 aj58 figs-simile 0 like a devouring fire Yahweh is powerful and able to destroy the armies of the other nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) DEU 9 3 neu7 0 subdue them before you Alternate translation: “make them weak so you can control them” DEU 9 4 jp4r figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 9 4 xr9c figs-metonymy 0 Do not say in your heart Here “in your heart” means “in your thoughts.” Alternate translation: “Do not think to yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 9 4 hm6e 0 has thrust them out Alternate translation: “has driven the other peoples out” DEU 9 5 bb7i figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 9 5 r3iq figs-idiom 0 the uprightness of your heart This is an idiom. “because you always thought and desired the right things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 9 5 e9iz figs-metonymy 0 so that he may make come true the word Here the metonym “the word” refers to what God has promised. Alternate translation: “so that he may fulfill the promise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 9 5 hb36 0 your ancestors, to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are the “ancestors” of whom Moses is speaking. DEU 9 6 hql8 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 9 7 rx7g figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 9 7 jiv9 figs-doublet 0 Remember and do not forget Moses repeats the same command both positively and negatively to emphasize the importance of remembering. The command is plural. Alternate translation: “Be careful to remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 9 7 ze78 figs-you 0 how you provoked Yahweh Here “you” refers to the Israelites that are present with Moses and also the Israelites of the previous generation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 9 7 ldb8 figs-you 0 you came to this place, you have been rebellious These instances of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 9 7 kd2z 0 to this place This refers to the Jordan River Valley. DEU 9 8 rwk3 figs-you 0 you provoked … with you to destroy you These instances of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 9 9 bu4r 0 General Information: Moses is reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past. DEU 9 9 icg8 figs-parallelism 0 the tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant that Yahweh made with you Here the second phrase clarifies that “the tablets of stone” are the ones on which God wrote the Ten Commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 9 9 z7w7 translate-numbers 0 forty days and forty nights Alternate translation: “40 days and 40 nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 9 10 e2t6 figs-activepassive 0 on them was written everything just like all the words that Yahweh announced to you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh wrote on them the same words he had said to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 9 10 cq6h 0 Yahweh announced … out of the middle of the fire It was as if Yahweh were a person standing in the middle of a fire and speaking with a loud voice. DEU 9 10 v46n figs-abstractnouns 0 on the day of the assembly If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **assembly**, you can express the same idea with the verb “gather together.” Alternate translation: “on the day when you Israelites all came and met together in one place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 9 11 a75b translate-numbers 0 forty days and forty nights Alternate translation: “40 days and 40 nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 9 11 cq34 figs-parallelism 0 the two tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant The second phrase clarifies that “the two tablets of stone” are the ones on which God wrote the Ten Commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 9 12 n8p5 0 your people … have corrupted themselves Alternate translation: “your people … are doing what is wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md). DEU 9 12 ce69 figs-metaphor 0 They have quickly turned aside out of the path that I commanded them Moses speaks as if obeying God’s commands were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “They have already disobeyed my commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 9 14 lkr5 0 blot out their name from under heaven Alternate translation: “make their name disappear completely” or “kill them all so no one will ever remember them.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 7:24](../07/24.md). DEU 9 15 d8yc 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past. DEU 9 16 j8rb 0 behold The word “behold” here shows that Moses was surprised by what he saw. DEU 9 16 ux9p figs-explicit 0 molded for yourselves a calf The Israelites of the earlier generation had asked Aaron to make a metal calf so they could worship it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 9 16 bf75 0 You had quickly turned aside out of the path that Yahweh had commanded you Moses speaks as if obeying God’s commands were walking along a path. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “You had quickly disobeyed what Yahweh had commanded you” DEU 9 17 r2ah 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. DEU 9 17 x4n5 figs-synecdoche 0 I broke them before your eyes Here “your eyes” is a synecdoche for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “I broke them right in front of you” or “I broke them where you could see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 9 18 xf6d 0 lay facedown Alternate translation: “lay with my face on the ground.” This is a way of showing that Yahweh was great and Moses was not. DEU 9 18 y3wm translate-numbers 0 forty days and forty nights Alternate translation: “40 days and 40 nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 9 19 li9n 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past. DEU 9 19 vv3j 0 I was afraid of the anger and hot displeasure with which Yahweh was angry enough against you to destroy you The words “anger and hot displeasure” are a metonym for what Yahweh would do because he was angry and displeased. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was angry at you—he was extremely displeased with you—he was angry enough to destroy you, and so I was afraid of what he would do” DEU 9 21 n7ea 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. DEU 9 21 wf7q 0 I took … burned … beat … ground … threw Moses probably commanded other men to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “I had people take … burn … beat … grind … throw” DEU 9 21 hql7 figs-metonymy 0 your sin, the calf that you had made Here the gold calf itself referred to as their “sin.” Alternate translation: “the calf, which you sinfully made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 9 22 t271 0 General Information: Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past. DEU 9 22 n8jq translate-names 0 Taberah … Massah … Kibroth Hattaavah These are names of places that the people of Israel went through while they were in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 9 23 xz23 0 Go up They were on low land, and the land Yahweh had told them to take was in the hills, so they had to go uphill to get to it. DEU 9 23 dxq9 figs-metonymy 0 rebelled against the commandment The word “commandment” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “rebelled against Yahweh; you did not obey the commandment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 9 23 bfb9 figs-metonymy 0 listen to his voice Here “his voice” means what God had said. Alternate translation: “obey what he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 9 24 r243 0 from the day that I knew you Alternate translation: “from the time I began to lead you.” Some translations read “from the day that he knew you,” the day that Yahweh first knew them. DEU 9 25 fq4v 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. DEU 9 25 tka1 0 lay facedown before Yahweh Alternate translation: “lay with my face on the ground.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 9:18](../09/18.md). DEU 9 25 j7rs translate-numbers 0 forty days and forty nights Alternate translation: “40 days and 40 nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 9 26 ki6v figs-metaphor 0 you have redeemed Moses speaks as if Yahweh had rescued the Israelites by paying money to free them from slavery. Alternate translation: “you have rescued” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 9 26 mct6 figs-metonymy 0 through your greatness The word “greatness” is a metonym for Yahweh’s great power. Alternate translation: “through your great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 9 26 ifw2 figs-metaphor 0 with a mighty hand Here “a mighty hand” refers to Yahweh’s power. See how you translated similar words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “with your mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 9 27 liv5 0 General Information: Moses continues praying to Yahweh so that he may not destroy the people of Israel. DEU 9 27 hp8s figs-idiom 0 Call to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 9 28 cc26 figs-metonymy 0 so that the land from where you brought us The words “the land” are a metonym for the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “so that the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 9 28 pt4p 0 should say Alternate translation: “can say” DEU 9 29 rw92 figs-doublet 0 by your great strength and by the display of your power These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Yahweh’s power that he used to rescue his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 10 intro ceg6 0 # Deuteronomy 10 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a continuation of the previous chapter.<br><br>This chapter focuses on retelling the great things Yahweh has done. It is a continuation of the material from the previous chapter. It is possible that this is a type of sermon or homily, where Moses is giving the people instructions. DEU 10 1 y2d7 0 General Information: Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past. DEU 10 1 zf2r 0 At that time Alternate translation: “After I finished praying” DEU 10 1 sa1t figs-ellipsis 0 the first This refers to the first set of tablets that Moses had broken. Alternate translation: “the tablets you had before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) DEU 10 1 lyz6 0 the mountain This refers to Mount Sinai. DEU 10 3 v71i 0 General Information: Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past. DEU 10 3 wt9n figs-ellipsis 0 the first This refers to the first set of tablets that Moses had broken. Alternate translation: “the tablets I had before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) DEU 10 3 u26k 0 went up the mountain Alternate translation: “went up Mount Sinai” DEU 10 4 gjg7 0 out of the middle of the fire It was as if Yahweh were a person standing in the middle of a fire and speaking with a loud voice. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 9:10](../09/10.md). DEU 10 4 ax1a 0 on the day of the assembly If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **assembly**, you can express the same idea with the verb “gather together.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 9:10](../09/10.md). Alternate translation: “on the day when you Israelites all came and met together in one place” DEU 10 5 wr6b 0 General Information: Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past. DEU 10 5 n7vn 0 I turned Here “I” refers to Moses. DEU 10 5 a3fq 0 came down from the mountain Alternate translation: “came down from Mount Sinai” DEU 10 5 tia8 0 in the ark Alternate translation: “in the box” or “in the chest” DEU 10 6 kwb8 writing-background 0 General Information: The writer continues the short account of where the Israelites had traveled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) DEU 10 6 f4iw translate-names 0 Beeroth Bene Jaakan … Moserah These are names of different places the people of Israel went through while in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 10 6 qpt1 0 Beeroth Bene Jaakan Translator may add a footnote: “The name ‘Beeroth Bene Jaakan’ means ‘the wells that belonged to the sons of Jaakan’ or ‘the wells that belonged to the people of Jaakan.’” DEU 10 6 l2u3 figs-activepassive 0 there he was buried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that is where they buried him” or “the Israelites buried him there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 10 6 pv97 translate-names 0 Eleazar This is the name of Aaron’s son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 10 7 rc19 writing-background 0 From there they journeyed … a land of streams of water This continues the background information about where the people of Israel traveled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) DEU 10 7 qs9a translate-names 0 Gudgodah … Jotbathah These are names of different places the people of Israel went through while in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 10 8 pl1x writing-background 0 General Information: The writer begins to explain why the tribe of Levi has no inheritance in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) DEU 10 8 p84p figs-idiom 0 to stand before Yahweh to serve him This is an idiom. “to offer the sacrifices that Yahweh requires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 10 8 dqs6 figs-metonymy 0 in his name Here “name” refers to authority. Alternate translation: “as representatives of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 10 8 br5a 0 as today Alternate translation: “as they are doing today” DEU 10 9 cy1j writing-background 0 The writer finishes explaining why the tribe of Levi has no inheritance in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) DEU 10 9 u8bf figs-explicit 0 no portion nor inheritance of land The tribe of Levi did not receive a portion of the promised land when they arrived there. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 10 9 v39n 0 Yahweh is his inheritance Yahweh speaks of the special relationship that Aaron and his descendants will have with him as if Yahweh were something that they will inherit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is what they will have” or “Yahweh will allow them to serve him and he will provide for them through that service” DEU 10 9 knv8 figs-you 0 Yahweh your God Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “your” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 10 9 z9a9 0 spoke to him Alternate translation: “spoke to the tribe of Levi” DEU 10 10 hja2 0 General Information: Moses resumes reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past. DEU 10 10 c3iz translate-ordinal 0 as at the first time Alternate translation: “first” is the ordinal number for one. Here it refers to the first time Moses went up Mount Sinai to receive the stone tablets from Yahweh. “as I did the first time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) DEU 10 10 kq11 translate-numbers 0 forty days and forty nights Alternate translation: “40 days and 40 nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 10 10 n2kd figs-you 0 destroy you Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 10 11 ydj2 0 possess the land Alternate translation: “take the land” or “take possession of the land” DEU 10 11 yxy1 0 their ancestors This refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. DEU 10 11 sre9 0 to give to them Alternate translation: “that I would give to you, their descendants” DEU 10 12 wg8e figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 10 12 d3lk figs-metonymy 0 Now, Israel Here the metonym “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Now, people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 10 12 x2jw figs-rquestion 0 what does Yahweh your God require of you, except to fear … with all your soul Moses uses a question to teach the people of Israel. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God requires you to do no more than this: to fear … with all your soul.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 10 12 hd9p figs-metaphor 0 to walk in all his ways Moses speaks as if obeying Yahweh were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “to obey all his commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 10 12 l6ea figs-metonymy 0 with all your heart and with all your soul Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated these two phrases in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 10 13 ct9n figs-rquestion 0 to keep the commandments … for your own good? Moses uses a question to teach the people of Israel. This rhetorical question begins with the words “what does Yahweh your God require of you, except to fear … with all your soul” in verse 12. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. “Yahweh your God requires you to do no more than this: to fear … with all your soul, to keep the commandments … for your own good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 10 14 kf71 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 10 14 m7ma 0 Behold, to Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: to” DEU 10 14 n5n6 figs-merism 0 heaven … earth These words show two extremes, and are combined to mean that all things everywhere belong to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) DEU 10 14 ifm9 0 the heaven of heavens This refers to the highest places in the heavens. Everything in the heavens belong to God. DEU 10 15 swp3 figs-you 0 chose you Here the word “you” refers to all the Israelites and is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 10 16 g7qt 0 Therefore Alternate translation: “Because of this” DEU 10 16 f72x figs-metaphor 0 circumcise the foreskin of your heart The word “foreskin” refers to the fold of skin on a man’s private parts that is removed during circumcision. Here Moses is referring to a spiritual circumcision. This means the people must remove the sin from their lives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 10 17 d6f4 0 God of gods Alternate translation: “the supreme God” or “the only true God” DEU 10 17 z3d6 0 Lord of masters Alternate translation: “the supreme Lord” or “the greatest Lord” DEU 10 17 b61i 0 the fearsome one Alternate translation: “the one who causes people to fear” DEU 10 18 u19l 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 10 18 rsq9 0 He executes justice for the fatherless Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes sure that people treat the fatherless justly” DEU 10 18 j7ma 0 fatherless These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them. DEU 10 18 c95p 0 widow A true widow is a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age. DEU 10 19 wt1s 0 Therefore Alternate translation: “Because of this” DEU 10 20 ra84 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 10 20 m1qe 0 him will you worship Alternate translation: “he is the one you must worship” DEU 10 20 zn42 figs-metaphor 0 To him you must cling To have a good relationship with Yahweh and to completely rely on him is spoken of as if the person were clinging to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “You must rely on him” or “He is the one you must rely on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 10 20 t17w figs-metonymy 0 by his name will you swear To swear by the name of Yahweh means to make Yahweh the basis or the power on which the oath is made. Here “name” represents Yahweh himself. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 6:13](../06/13.md). Alternate translation: “you will swear and ask Yahweh to confirm it” or “when you swear you will speak his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 10 21 d1ih figs-synecdoche 0 which your eyes have seen Here “eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “which you yourselves have seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 10 21 ltw9 0 He is your praise This could mean: (1) “He is the one you must praise” or (2) “It is because you worship him that other peoples will praise you” DEU 10 22 es8i figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they are one man, so “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 10 22 p41a 0 went down into Egypt Alternate translation: “traveled south to Egypt” or “went to Egypt” DEU 10 22 ap9n translate-numbers 0 seventy persons Alternate translation: “70 persons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 10 22 hh5t figs-simile 0 as many as the stars of the heavens This emphasizes the large number of Israelites that were with Moses. Alternate translation: “more than you can count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) DEU 11 intro ifg3 0 # Deuteronomy 11 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Therefore<br>This chapter begins with the word “therefore,” which looks back to the instructions Moses gave in the previous two chapters.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Eyewitnesses<br>The instruction that Moses gives and the retelling of the great things Yahweh has done for Israel are very important. This is because the generation entering into the Promised Land did not witness many of these events. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>### Covenant<br>This chapter is included in the covenant God made with Moses, even though it is not explicitly said. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 11 1 sgh5 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 11 1 e1ef 0 always keep Alternate translation: “always obey” DEU 11 2 s2x1 0 who have not known nor have they seen Alternate translation: “who have not experienced” DEU 11 2 vs5p figs-metaphor 0 his mighty hand, or his outstretched arm Here “mighty hand” and “outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahweh’s power. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “or his mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 11 3 b9xu 0 in the midst of Egypt Alternate translation: “in Egypt” DEU 11 3 ss4y figs-metonymy 0 to all his land Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “to all his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 11 4 hk2q 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the adult Israelites who were old enough to see what God did in Egypt. DEU 11 4 put1 0 Neither did they see what he did Alternate translation: “Neither did your children see what Yahweh did” DEU 11 4 py3h 0 the army of Egypt Alternate translation: “the Egyptian soldiers” DEU 11 4 f5e5 0 they pursued after you Here “you” means the Israelites who were alive about 40 years earlier. DEU 11 5 xr7g 0 to this place This means the plain of the Jordan River Valley where Moses is speaking to them before they cross over into Canaan. DEU 11 6 c93d 0 General Information: Moses continues to remind the adults to teach their children God’s mighty deeds. DEU 11 6 krb7 figs-explicit 0 Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab Moses is referring to an event in the past when Dathan and Abiram rebelled against Moses and Aaron. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 11 6 i1yg translate-names 0 Dathan … Abiram … Eliab These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 11 6 c61u 0 son of Reuben Alternate translation: “descendant of Reuben” DEU 11 6 b3l3 figs-personification 0 earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up Yahweh causing the land to split open so that the people fell in is spoken of as if the land had a mouth and the ability to swallow people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DEU 11 6 gy9p 0 every living thing that followed them This refers to their servants and animals. DEU 11 6 vi6h 0 in the middle of all Israel This means all the people of Israel witnessed what happened to Dathan, Abiram, their families, and their possessions. DEU 11 7 z5cl figs-synecdoche 0 But your eyes have seen Here “eyes” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “But you have seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 11 8 in5y 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 11 8 b5ga 0 possess the land Alternate translation: “take the land” DEU 11 8 z7fm 0 where you are going over to possess it The phrase “are going over” is used because the people of Israel will have to cross the Jordan River to enter into Canaan. DEU 11 9 h376 figs-metaphor 0 prolong your days Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 11 9 gfv3 figs-idiom 0 a land flowing with milk and honey This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 11 10 nbu8 figs-metonymy 0 watered it with your foot This could mean: (1) “foot” is a metonym that represents the hard work of walking to carry water to the fields. Alternate translation: “worked hard to water it” or (2) they would use their feet to turn a water wheel that supplied water to the fields. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 11 10 kfl7 0 garden of herbs Alternate translation: “vegetable garden” or “garden of vegetables” DEU 11 11 wn5t figs-personification 0 drinks water of the rain of the heavens The land receiving and absorbing a lot of rain is spoken of as if the land were drinking the water. Alternate translation: “the rain from the sky gives it plenty of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DEU 11 12 a1x8 figs-metonymy 0 the eyes of Yahweh your God are always upon it Here “eyes” represents attention and care. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God is always watching over it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 11 12 sxh3 figs-merism 0 from the beginning of the year to the end of the year Here the two extremes “beginning” and “end” are used together to mean the entire year. Alternate translation: “continuously throughout the entire year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) DEU 11 13 l1bu 0 It will happen, if This means that what Yahweh promises will happen if the Israelites obey his commands. DEU 11 13 r5mf 0 that I command Here “I” refers to Moses. DEU 11 13 tfk6 figs-idiom 0 with all your heart and with all your soul The idiom “with all your heart” means “completely” and “with … soul” means “with all your being.” These two phrases have similar meanings. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). Alternate translation: “with all your being” or “with all your energy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 11 14 y9qx 0 I will give the rain of your land in its season Alternate translation: “I will cause it to rain on your land in the proper season” DEU 11 14 b1z3 0 I will give Here “I” refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in the third person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will give” or “He will give” DEU 11 14 w91t 0 the former rain and the latter rain This refers to rain at the beginning of the sowing season and rain for maturing the crops for harvest. Alternate translation: “the autumn rain and spring rain” or “the rain in the right seasons” DEU 11 16 vz1g 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 11 16 j2pw 0 Pay attention to yourselves Alternate translation: “Be careful” or “Beware” DEU 11 16 f3wj figs-metonymy 0 so that your heart is not deceived Here “heart” represents a person’s desires or thoughts. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that your desires do not deceive you” or “so that you do not deceive yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 11 16 a9sp figs-metaphor 0 you turn aside and worship other gods Rejecting Yahweh and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if the person would physically turn and go in a different direction away from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “you start worshiping other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 11 17 zgj8 figs-metaphor 0 so that the anger of Yahweh is not kindled against you God becoming angry is spoken of as if it were a fire that were starting. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that Yahweh does not become angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 11 17 a2a4 figs-metaphor 0 so that he does not shut up the heavens so that there will be no rain, and the land will not yield its fruit God causing no rain to fall from the sky is spoken of as if he were closing the sky. Alternate translation: “so that he does not cause the rain to stop falling from the sky so that crops will not grow in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 11 18 q8ih figs-metaphor 0 lay up these words of mine in your heart and soul A person always thinking about and considering what Moses commands is spoken of as if the heart and soul were a container and Moses’s words were the content to fill the container. Alternate translation: “be very careful to remember these words that I am saying to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 11 18 h8da 0 these words of mine Alternate translation: “these commands that I have given you” DEU 11 18 i4pl figs-metonymy 0 your heart and soul Here “heart” and “soul” represent a person’s mind or thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 11 18 qb2s figs-metonymy 0 bind them Alternate translation: “tie these words.” This is a metonym that represents a person writing the words on a parchment, putting the parchment in a pouch, and tying the pouch. This metonymy in turn may be a metaphor meaning the people must be careful to obey Moses’s commands. See how you translated similar phrases in [Deuteronomy 6:8](../06/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 11 18 y3rx 0 as a sign on your hand Alternate translation: “as something to make you remember my laws” DEU 11 18 gj3r figs-metonymy 0 let them be as frontlets between your eyes Alternate translation: “let my words be as frontlets between your eyes.” This is a metonym that represents a person writing Moses’ words on parchement, putting the parchement in a pouch, and tying the pouch so it sits between his eyes. This metonymy in turn may be a metaphor that means the person must be careful to obey all of Moses’ commands. See how you translated similar phrases in [Deuteronomy 6:8](../06/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 11 18 d4s2 0 frontlets ornaments a person wears on the forehead DEU 11 19 yv8n figs-merism 0 when you sit in your house, when you walk on the road, when you lie down, and when you get up Using the different places “in your house” and “on the road,” and the opposites “when you lie down” and “get up,” represent anywhere, anytime. The people of Israel were to discuss God’s commandments and teach them to their children anytime and anywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) DEU 11 20 d44d 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 11 20 f5zw 0 You will write them on the doorposts of your house and on your city gates See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 6:9](../06/09.md). DEU 11 21 s3fj figs-activepassive 0 that your days and the days of your children may be multiplied If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh may cause you and your children to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 11 21 pi2p 0 to your ancestors This refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. DEU 11 21 kg7q figs-simile 0 to give them for as long as the heavens are above the earth This compares how long the people could stay in the land to how long the sky will exist above the earth. This is a way of saying “forever.” Alternate translation: “to give them as a possession forever” or “to allow them to live there forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) DEU 11 22 qq4s 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 11 22 q3vs 0 For if you diligently keep all these commandments that I am commanding you, so as to do them Alternate translation: “For if you are careful to do everything that I have commanded you” DEU 11 22 bh45 figs-metaphor 0 walk in all his ways How Yahweh wants a person to live and behave is spoken of as if they are Yahweh’s ways or roads. A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if he were walking on Yahweh’s ways or roads. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 11 22 e7rk figs-metaphor 0 to cling to him To have a good relationship with Yahweh and to completely rely on him is spoken of as if the person were clinging to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to rely on him” or “to have a good relationship with him” Look at how similar words are translated in [Deuteronomy 10:20](../10/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 11 23 zr2c figs-metonymy 0 all these nations from before you, and you will dispossess nations Here “nations” represent the people groups already living in Canaan. Alternate translation: “all of these people groups from before you, and you will take the land from people groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 11 23 u315 0 larger and mightier than yourselves Although Israel’s army is smaller and weaker than the people groups living in Canaan, Yahweh will enable the people of Israel to defeat them. DEU 11 24 v5q1 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 11 24 x2pi figs-synecdoche 0 Every place where the sole of your foot will tread Here “the sole of your foot” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “Every place you go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 11 24 u891 0 from the river, the Euphrates River Alternate translation: “from the Euphrates River” DEU 11 25 imb9 0 No man will be able to stand before you The phrase “stand before you” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to stop you” or “No one will be able to oppose you” DEU 11 25 zn8i figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh your God will lay the fear of you and the terror of you upon all the land that you tread on Yahweh causing the people to be very afraid is spoken of as if fear and terror were an object that he will place on the people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will cause the people in every place you go to be very afraid of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 11 25 r396 figs-doublet 0 the fear of you and the terror of you The words “fear” and “terror” mean the same thing and emphasize the intensity of fear. Alternate translation: “a terrible fear of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 11 25 w58w figs-metonymy 0 upon all the land that you tread on Here “the land” is a metonym for all the people in the land. Alternate translation: “upon all the people in every place you go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 11 26 l2v1 0 General Information: Here Moses summarizes the two options the people of Israel could choose. They could choose to obey and receive God’s blessing or they could choose to disobey and receive God’s punishment. DEU 11 26 tc5k 0 Look Alternate translation: “Pay attention” DEU 11 26 d2d5 figs-metaphor 0 I set before you today a blessing and a curse Allowing the people to choose whether they want God to bless them or curse them is spoken of as if a blessing and a curse were objects that Moses is setting in front of them. Alternate translation: “Today you must choose whether God will bless you or curse you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 11 27 lzg6 figs-abstractnouns 0 the blessing, if you obey If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **blessing**, you can express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “God will bless you if you obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 11 28 ei5p figs-metaphor 0 but turn aside from the way that I command you today, to go after other gods The commands of Yahweh that Moses is telling the people are spoken of as if they were God’s way or road. To not obey God’s commands is spoken of as if people physically were to turn in another direction away from Yahweh to follow other gods. Alternate translation: “but stop obeying what I command you today, in order to worship other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 11 28 u5cq 0 other gods that you have not known This refers to the gods that other people groups worship. The Israelites know Yahweh because he has revealed himself to them and they have experienced his power. DEU 11 29 m6sp 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 11 29 zsz3 figs-metaphor 0 you will set the blessing on Mount Gerizim, and the curse on Mount Ebal The blessing and the curse are spoken of as if they were objects that someone will set on the mountains. Alternate translation: “some of you must stand on top of Mount Gerazim and proclaim what will cause Yahweh to bless you, and the others must stand on top of Mount Ebal and proclaim what will cause Yahweh to curse you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 11 29 t5wj translate-names 0 Mount Gerizim … Mount Ebal These are names of mountains on the west side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 11 30 k2bv figs-rquestion 0 Are they not beyond the Jordan … Moreh? The Israelites are on the eastern side of the Jordan River. Moses uses a question to remind the people where these mountains are located. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “As you know, they are beyond the Jordan … Moreh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 11 30 b5qt 0 beyond the Jordan Alternate translation: “on the west side of the Jordan River” DEU 11 30 pgr7 0 west of the western road Alternate translation: “in the west” DEU 11 30 rq9c translate-names 0 over against Gilgal Alternate translation: “near Gilgal” This may not be the same place as the city near Jericho. Moses may be referring to a place that is near Shechem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 11 30 l23v translate-names 0 oaks of Moreh These are sacred trees near Gilgal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 11 31 ke82 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 11 32 k55e 0 all the statutes and the decrees These are the statutes and decrees Moses will give in Deuteronomy 12-26. DEU 11 32 h7se 0 I set before you today This does not mean these are new. Moses is reviewing the same statutes and decrees that he gave 40 years earlier. DEU 11 32 jh1q figs-metaphor 0 I set before you God’s statutes and decrees, which Moses is telling the people, are spoken of as if they were objects that Moses is setting before the people. Alternate translation: “I am giving to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 12 intro mt76 0 # Deuteronomy 12 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Covenant with Moses<br><br>This chapter is a continuation of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. The reasons for these food restrictions are not always known.(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Israel and Yahweh<br><br>In the ancient Near East, when nations conquered other nations, they often added the gods of the conquered nation into their collection of gods they worshiped. It was rare to worship only one God. Israel was to be known for worshiping Yahweh and Yahweh alone. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) DEU 12 1 dsl2 0 General Information: Moses is still talking to the people of Israel. DEU 12 1 pm4g 0 you will keep Alternate translation: “you must obey” DEU 12 1 bb6r figs-idiom 0 all the days that you live on the earth The phrase “live on the earth” is an idiom that means as long as a person lives. Alternate translation: “for as long as you live” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 12 2 vl2v 0 You will surely destroy Alternate translation: “You must destroy” DEU 12 2 hx1l figs-metonymy 0 the nations that you will dispossess Here “nations” represents the people groups that live in Canaan. Alternate translation: “the people groups whose land you will take” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 12 3 v1nf 0 General Information: Moses is still talking to the people of Israel. DEU 12 3 ucw6 0 You must break down their altars Alternate translation: “you must pull apart the altars of those nations” or “you must destroy the altars of those nations” DEU 12 3 ra63 0 dash in pieces Alternate translation: “break into pieces” or “shatter” DEU 12 3 cj66 figs-metonymy 0 destroy their name Here “their name” represents “the memory of them.” Alternate translation: “destroy them so completely that no one will remember them” or “destroy anything that represents these false gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 12 3 axu8 0 that place This refers to each place where the nations worshiped their gods. DEU 12 4 c44f 0 You will not worship Yahweh your God like that Alternate translation: “You should not worship Yahweh your God like those nations worshiped their gods” DEU 12 5 h2cm figs-metonymy 0 the place that Yahweh your God will choose out of all your tribes to put his name Here “his name” refers to God himself. Yahweh will choose one location where he will live and people will come to worship him there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 12 5 x9cv 0 it is there that you will go They will go to worship where God decides. DEU 12 6 g357 figs-synecdoche 0 the offerings presented by your hand Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “the offerings that you present” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 12 6 cdg4 0 your offerings for vows, your freewill offerings Alternate translation: “your offerings to fulfill a vow, your voluntary offerings.” These are types of offerings. DEU 12 6 n2pg 0 the firstborn of your herds and flocks God requires that the people give him every firstborn male of their livestock. DEU 12 7 tvl1 0 It is there This refers to the place that Yahweh will choose for the children of Israel to worship. DEU 12 7 a9rd figs-synecdoche 0 rejoice about everything that you have put your hand to Here “put your hand to” represents the whole person and work that he has done. Alternate translation: “rejoice about all the work you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 12 8 jea6 0 You will not do all the things that we are doing here today Alternate translation: “You will not do as we are doing here today.” This means that they would worship in the promised land differently than the way they were worshiping at that moment. DEU 12 8 qri6 figs-metaphor 0 now everyone is doing whatever is right in his own eyes The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “everyone is doing what he considers to be right” or “now everyone is doing what he judges to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 12 9 b2t6 figs-abstractnouns 0 to the rest If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **the rest**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “to the land where you will rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 12 9 d8re figs-metaphor 0 to the inheritance that Yahweh your God is giving you The land that God is giving to the people of Israel is spoken of as if it were a possession that a father leaves as an inheritance for his children. Alternate translation: “to the land that Yahweh your God is giving to you as a permanent possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 12 10 fj6s 0 live in the land This refers to the land of Canaan. DEU 12 10 p9tv figs-metaphor 0 in the land that Yahweh your God is causing you to inherit God giving the land of Canaan to the people of Israel is spoken of as if he were a father giving an inheritance to his children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 12 10 d8yv 0 he will give you rest from all your enemies round about Alternate translation: “he will give you peace from all your enemies around you” DEU 12 11 v237 figs-synecdoche 0 the offerings presented by your hand Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “the offerings that you present” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 12 11 qts6 0 all your choice offerings for vows Alternate translation: “all your voluntary offerings to fulfill vows” DEU 12 12 x3cu 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 12 12 h8ry 0 rejoice before Yahweh Alternate translation: “rejoice in the presence of Yahweh” DEU 12 12 m7is figs-synecdoche 0 the Levites who are within your gate Here “gates” is a reference to the city itself. Alternate translation: “the Levites who live inside your city” or “the Levites living with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 12 12 d42i figs-metaphor 0 because he has no portion or inheritance among you The fact that Yahweh would not give any of the land to the Levites is spoken of as if a father were not giving them an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 12 12 b6hq figs-metonymy 0 he has no portion Here “he” refers to Levi. Levi represents all of his descendants. Alternate translation: “they have no portion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 12 13 em7g 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 12 13 q449 0 Pay attention to yourself Alternate translation: “Be careful” DEU 12 13 drj5 0 every place that you see Alternate translation: “any place that pleases you” or “wherever you want” DEU 12 14 h4by 0 but it is at the place that Yahweh will choose The burnt offerings are to be made at the tabernacle. Yahweh himself would choose where the tabernacle would be located. DEU 12 15 kks6 figs-explicit 0 However, you may kill and eat animals within all your gates The people could only kill animals as sacrifices in the place that Yahweh would choose. They could kill animals for food anywhere they wanted. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 12 15 lje2 figs-synecdoche 0 within all your gates Here “gates” represents the whole city. Alternate translation: “inside your city” or “at your homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 12 15 pen3 figs-metaphor 0 the unclean … persons A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 12 15 y3f4 figs-metaphor 0 the clean persons A person who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 12 15 u3a5 translate-unknown 0 the gazelle and the deer These are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. Alternate translation: “the antelope and the deer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) DEU 12 16 fvd4 figs-explicit 0 But you will not eat the blood The blood represents life and God did not allow the people to eat the blood along with the meat. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 12 17 x27w 0 General Information: Moses describes to the people all the special offerings and sacrifices that are to be made at the tabernacle. DEU 12 17 di9l figs-synecdoche 0 within your gates Here “gates” represents the whole city. Alternate translation: “inside your city” or “at your homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 12 17 aau9 figs-synecdoche 0 nor that of the offering you present with your hand Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “nor that of any offering which you bring to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 12 18 nia1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 12 18 cbh7 0 you will eat them Alternate translation: “you will eat your offerings” DEU 12 18 eev4 0 before Yahweh “in the presence of Yahweh DEU 12 18 u63z figs-synecdoche 0 the Levite who is within your gates Here “gate” represents the whole city Alternate translation: “any Levite who lives inside your city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 12 18 icp1 figs-synecdoche 0 everything to which you put your hand Here “put your hand to” represents the whole person and work that he has done. Alternate translation: “rejoice about all the work you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 12 19 z7fg 0 Pay attention to yourself Alternate translation: “Be careful” DEU 12 19 tz4c figs-doublenegatives 0 that you do not forsake This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “that you take good care of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) DEU 12 20 h1vp 0 enlarges your borders Alternate translation: “enlarges your territory” or “gives you even more land” DEU 12 20 j573 figs-quotesinquotes 0 you say, ‘I will eat flesh,’ because of your desire to eat meat This is a quotation within a quotation. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “and you decide that you want to eat meat” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) DEU 12 20 fee8 figs-synecdoche 0 as your soul desires Here “soul” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “as you want” or “as you crave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 12 21 t8nl 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 12 21 q6z1 figs-metonymy 0 chooses to put his name Here “name” refers to God himself. Yahweh would choose a place where he will live and the people will come to worship him. Alternate translation: “chooses to dwell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 12 21 e7g3 figs-synecdoche 0 within your gates Here “gates” represents the whole city.” Alternate translation: “inside your city” or “within your community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 12 21 asm3 figs-synecdoche 0 as your soul desires Here “soul” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “as you desire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 12 22 kw43 figs-activepassive 0 Like the gazelle and the deer are eaten If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Just like you eat the gazelle and the deer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 12 22 qhx1 0 gazelle and the deer These are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 12:15](../12/15.md). DEU 12 22 sff5 figs-metaphor 0 the unclean … persons A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 12 22 y8v4 figs-metaphor 0 the clean persons A person who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 12 23 msu5 figs-metaphor 0 the blood is the life Here the way that blood sustains life is spoken of as if the blood were life itself. Alternate translation: “the blood sustains life” or “the blood causes animals and people to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 12 23 vr63 figs-metonymy 0 you will not eat the life with the meat The word “life” here represents the blood that sustains life. Alternate translation: “You will not eat what sustains life with the meat” or “you will not eat the blood, which sustains life, with the meat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 12 25 l199 figs-metaphor 0 what is right in the eyes of Yahweh The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what is right in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 12 27 wp19 figs-activepassive 0 the blood of your sacrifices will be poured out If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the priest will pour out the blood of the sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 12 27 tf6l figs-explicit 0 you will eat the flesh God’s law specifies which parts of the animal are for the burnt offering, which parts are for the priest and which parts are for the offerer to eat. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “you will eat some of the meat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 12 28 j39e 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 12 28 gnj3 0 Observe and listen to all these words that I command you Alternate translation: “Carefully listen to and obey everything that I am commanding you” DEU 12 28 zga7 figs-synecdoche 0 that it may go well with you and with your children after you Here “children” means all of their descendants. Alternate translation: “that you and your descendants may prosper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 12 28 y6tl figs-doublet 0 when you do what is good and right The words “good” and “right” have similar meanings and emphasize the importance of right behavior. Alternate translation: “when you do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 12 28 ti37 figs-metaphor 0 what is good and right in the eyes of Yahweh The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what is good and right in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be good and right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 12 29 csu7 figs-metaphor 0 cuts off the nations Yahweh destroying the people groups in Canaan is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 12 29 fzv1 figs-metonymy 0 the nations Here “nations” represents the people living in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 12 29 c22b 0 when you go in to dispossess them, and you dispossess them Alternate translation: “when you take everything from them” DEU 12 30 m6t9 0 pay attention to yourself Alternate translation: “be careful” DEU 12 30 n455 figs-metaphor 0 that you are not trapped into following them … trapped into investigating their gods, into asking A person learning about and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if they are caught in a hunter’s trap. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that you do not act like them … that you do try to learn about their gods, asking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 12 30 w8wj figs-metaphor 0 not trapped into following them The Israelites worshiping idols as the people groups of Canaan worship idols is spoken of as if the Israelites were following behind the other people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 12 30 j6jf figs-activepassive 0 after they are destroyed from before you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after Yahweh destroys them before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 12 30 rz9c figs-quotesinquotes 0 into asking, ‘How do these nations worship their gods? I will do the same.’ This is a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “into asking about how those people groups worship their gods so that you can do the same.” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) DEU 12 32 zxp6 0 Do not add to it or take away from it They are not to create more laws nor are they to ignore laws that God has given them. DEU 13 intro e2ze 0 # Deuteronomy 13 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Worshiping other gods<br><br>The people were required to listen to Yahweh’s prophets unless they were encouraging the people to worship other gods. The punishment for anyone leading the people to worship other gods was death. These instructions were to keep Israel’s worship of Yahweh pure. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]]) DEU 13 1 z8ea 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 13 1 ei8s 0 If there arises among you Alternate translation: “If there appears among you” or “If someone among you claims to be” DEU 13 1 d2pw 0 a dreamer of dreams This is someone who receives messages from God through dreams. DEU 13 1 ml5c figs-doublet 0 a sign or a wonder These two words have similar meanings and refer to various miracles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 13 2 b259 0 comes about Alternate translation: “takes place” or “happens” DEU 13 2 nj6u figs-quotations 0 of which he spoke to you and said, ‘Let us go after other gods, that you have not known, and let us worship them,’ This can be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “and he tells you to serve and worship other gods which you have not known,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) DEU 13 2 nsf6 figs-metaphor 0 Let us go after other gods Worshiping other gods is spoken of as if they were going after or following other gods. Alternate translation: “Let us follow other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 13 2 mcy5 0 go after other gods, that you have not known The phrase “gods, that you have not known” refers to the gods that other people groups worship. The Israelites know Yahweh because he has revealed himself to them and they have experienced his power. DEU 13 3 z2lg 0 do not listen to the words of that prophet, or to that dreamer of dreams Alternate translation: “do not listen to what that prophet say nor to what the dreamer of dreams says” DEU 13 3 fp72 figs-metonymy 0 with all your heart and with all your soul Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 13 4 gw9x figs-metaphor 0 You will walk after Yahweh your God Obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the people were walking after or following Yahweh. Alternate translation: “You will obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 13 4 s4p9 figs-metonymy 0 obey his voice Here “voice” represents what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 13 4 ugl8 figs-metaphor 0 cling to him To have a good relationship with Yahweh and to completely rely on him is spoken of as if the person were clinging to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “rely on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 13 5 d5ix figs-activepassive 0 will be put to death If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 13 5 h1yd figs-abstractnouns 0 he has spoken rebellion If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rebellion**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “he has tried to make you rebel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 13 5 ttf1 figs-metaphor 0 who redeemed you out of the house of bondage Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves in Egypt is spoken of as if Yahweh paid money to redeem his people out of slavery. Alternate translation: “who rescued you out of the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 13 5 z5ns figs-metonymy 0 the house of bondage Here “house of bondage” represents Egypt where the people of Yahweh had been slaves. Alternate translation: “Egypt where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 13 5 tbl6 figs-metaphor 0 draw you out of the way in which Yahweh your God commanded you to walk How God wants a person to live or behave is spoken of as if it were a way or road on which God wants his people to walk. A person trying to cause someone else to stop obeying God is spoken of as if the person were trying to get the other person to stop walking on God’s way or road. Alternate translation: “make you disobey what Yahweh your God commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 13 5 nf2b figs-nominaladj 0 So put away the evil from among you Here “the evil” refers to the evil person or the evil behavior. This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “So you must remove from among the people of Israel the person who does this evil thing” or “So you must kill this evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) DEU 13 6 g89u 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 13 6 ync7 figs-idiom 0 wife of your bosom A bosom is a person’s chest. This is a idiom that he holds close to his chest, which means he loves and cherishes her. Alternate translation: “wife you love” or “wife you dearly embrace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 13 6 qme9 figs-metonymy 0 friend who is to you like your own soul Here “soul” represents the person’s life. This means the person cares for his friend as much as he cares for his own life. Alternate translation: “your dearest friend” or “a friend you love as much as you love yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 13 7 rbz2 figs-quotations 0 any of the gods of the peoples … other end of the earth.’ This is the end of a quotation within a quotation that begins with the words “secretly entices you and says, ‘Let us go and worship … neither you nor your ancestors—” in verse 6. It can be translated as an indirect quotation. “secretly entices you and says that you should go and worship … neither you nor your ancestors—any of the gods of the peoples … other end of the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) DEU 13 7 g6lt 0 that are round about you Alternate translation: “that are around you” DEU 13 7 g5tj figs-merism 0 from the one end of the earth to the other end of the earth Here the reference to the two extremes of the earth means “everywhere on earth.” Alternate translation: “throughout the entire earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) DEU 13 8 g9gf 0 You must not give in to him Alternate translation: “Do not agree to what he wants” DEU 13 8 rg47 figs-synecdoche 0 you must not permit your eye to pity him Here “your eye” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “you msut not look at him with pity” or “you must not show him mercy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 13 8 k3lz 0 you must not spare him or conceal him Alternate translation: “you must not show him mercy or hide from others what he has done” DEU 13 9 akr4 figs-synecdoche 0 your hand will be the first on him to put him to death This means that he was to throw the first stone at the guilty person. The word “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “you must be the first to strike him to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 13 9 vu5l figs-synecdoche 0 the hand of all the people Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “the other people will join you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 13 10 nt8a figs-metaphor 0 he has tried to draw you away from Yahweh Alternate translation: “to turn you away from Yahweh.” A person trying to cause someone else to stop obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were trying to cause someone to physically turn around and leave Yahweh. Alternate translation: “he has tried to make you disobey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 13 10 cdm1 figs-metonymy 0 out of the house of bondage Here “house of bondage” represents Egypt where the people of Yahweh had been slaves. Alternate translation: “out from the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 13 11 ns29 figs-explicit 0 All Israel will hear and fear It is implied that when the people hear about the person who was executed, they will be afraid to act like he did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 13 12 j637 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 13 13 di92 0 Some wicked fellows have gone out from among you The phrase “from among you” means that these wicked men were Israelites who lived in their communities. DEU 13 13 tq34 figs-quotations 0 have drawn away the inhabitants of their city and said, ‘Let us go and worship other gods that you have not known.’ This can be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “have persuaded those who live in their city to go and worship other gods that they have not known.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) DEU 13 13 wb69 figs-metaphor 0 have drawn away the inhabitants of their city A person causing someone else to stop obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if the person has caused the other person to physically turn and leave Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 13 14 mc5u figs-doublet 0 examine the evidence, make search, and investigate it thoroughly All of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Moses is emphasizing that they must carefully find out what truly happened at the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 13 14 jbu3 figs-activepassive 0 that such an abominable thing has been done among you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the people of the city have done such a terrible thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 13 15 bq2m figs-synecdoche 0 with the edge of the sword Here “edge” represents the whole sword. Alternate translation: “with your swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 13 16 nsc2 0 all the spoil Alternate translation: “all the plunder.” This refers to the possessions and treasures that an army collects after winning a battle. DEU 13 16 cj8w 0 heap of ruins Alternate translation: “pile of ruins” DEU 13 16 t2u6 figs-activepassive 0 it must never be built again If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one must ever rebuild the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 13 17 qe75 figs-metaphor 0 None of those things set apart for destruction must stick in your hand Yahweh cursing something and promising to destroy it is spoken of as if Yahweh were setting the object apart from other things. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not keep any of the things God has commanded you to destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 13 17 brm9 figs-idiom 0 must stick in your hand This is a way of saying a person keeps something. Alternate translation: “must you keep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 13 17 d934 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh will turn from the fierceness of his anger Yahweh no longer being angry is spoken of as his anger were an object and Yahweh physically turns away from it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will stop being angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 13 17 vyv7 0 to your fathers Here “fathers” means ancestors or forefathers. DEU 13 18 zgj9 figs-metonymy 0 you are listening to the voice of Yahweh Here “voice” represents what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “you are obeying what Yahweh says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 13 18 gjk4 figs-metaphor 0 that which is right in the eyes of Yahweh your God The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “that which is right in Yahweh’s judgment” or “that which Yahweh your God considers to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 14 intro epl7 0 # Deuteronomy 14 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Law of Moses<br>This chapter is part of the law of Moses, which is part of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Clean animals<br>There are animals which the law considered to be clean and unclean. The people were not allowed to eat the unclean animals. Scholars are uncertain about the reasons for the animals to be considered to be clean or unclean. The result of these food restrictions was a nation that was different than the nations surrounding it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) DEU 14 1 yca2 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 14 1 c6vr 0 You are the people All occurrences of “you” refer to the people of Israel. Moses was included as a part of the people. Alternate translation: “We are the people” DEU 14 1 qkn4 translate-symaction 0 Do not cut yourselves, nor shave any part of your face for the dead These were ways the people groups living in Canaan showed that they were grieving over people who had died. Moses is telling the people of Israel not to act like them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 14 1 mp18 0 nor shave any part of your face Alternate translation: “nor shave the front of your head” DEU 14 2 qr9z 0 you are a nation … has chosen you All occurrences of “you” refer to the people of Israel. Moses was included as a part of the people. Alternate translation: “we are a nation … has chosen us” DEU 14 2 ksd5 0 For you are a nation … surface of the earth See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 7:6](../07/06.md). DEU 14 2 l42y figs-metaphor 0 you are a nation that is set apart to Yahweh your God Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God has set you apart from other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 14 2 z5bl figs-parallelism 0 Yahweh has chosen you to be a people for his own possession This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. They both mean that the people of Israel belong to Yahweh in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 14 2 nyn7 0 a people for his own possession Alternate translation: “a people for his treasured possession” or “his people” DEU 14 2 twf5 0 more than all peoples that are on the surface of the earth Alternate translation: “out of all the people groups in the world” DEU 14 3 p2a3 0 You must not eat any abominable thing The people of Israel were not supposed to eat anything that God said was unfit for eating. DEU 14 5 pui3 0 the deer, the gazelle, the roebuck These are all types of deer. If your language does not have a word for each animal it can be translated as “all kinds of deer.” DEU 14 5 gg4e 0 the gazelle This is wild animal with long thin legs that can run quickly. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 12:15](../12/15.md). DEU 14 5 jxa4 translate-unknown 0 the roebuck a type of deer (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) DEU 14 5 nud7 0 ibex, and the antelope Both of these are types of antelope. If your language does not have a word for each animal it can be translated as “all kinds of antelope.” DEU 14 5 byk8 translate-unknown 0 ibex a type of antelope (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) DEU 14 6 tr2g 0 that parts the hoof Alternate translation: “that have split hooves.” This is a hoof that is split into two parts instead of being one whole. DEU 14 6 wwj1 0 chews the cud This means the animal brings its food up from its stomach and chews it again. DEU 14 7 t8p3 translate-unknown 0 rabbit This is a small animal with long ears that usually lives in holes in the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) DEU 14 7 t6es translate-unknown 0 rock badger This is a small animal that lives in rocky places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) DEU 14 7 c17f figs-metaphor 0 they are unclean to you Something Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 14 8 v9dk figs-metaphor 0 The pig is unclean to you Something Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 14 9 xv7h 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 14 9 w8p6 0 Of these things that are in water you may eat Alternate translation: “You may eat these kinds of animals that live in the water” DEU 14 9 j2pb 0 fins the thin, flat part which the fish uses to move through the water DEU 14 9 r9ak 0 scales the small plates that cover the body of the fish DEU 14 10 eh5w figs-metaphor 0 they are unclean to you Something Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 14 11 w535 figs-metaphor 0 All clean birds An animal that God says is fit for his people to eat is spoken of as if the animal were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 14 12 fqa4 translate-unknown 0 eagle … vulture … osprey These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) DEU 14 13 d7v7 translate-unknown 0 red kite … black kite … falcon These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) DEU 14 14 n72w translate-unknown 0 raven A bird that either is awake at night or feeds on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) DEU 14 17 z53d translate-unknown 0 cormorant A bird that is either awake at night or feeds on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) DEU 14 18 h1j8 translate-unknown 0 stork … heron, the hoopoe These are types of birds that eat small animals and lizards. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) DEU 14 18 r1s4 0 the bat animal with wings and furry body which is awake mainly at night and eats insects and rodents DEU 14 19 jr8q 0 All winged, swarming things This means all flying insects that move in large groups. DEU 14 19 inc1 figs-metaphor 0 are unclean to you Animals that God says are unfit for his people to eat are spoken of as if the animals are physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 14 19 x6ti figs-activepassive 0 they must not be eaten If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must not eat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 14 20 kx6u figs-metaphor 0 all clean flying things Animals that God says are fit for his people to eat are spoken of as if the animals are physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 14 21 h6ny 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 14 21 jv9x 0 anything that dies of itself This means an animal that dies a natural death. DEU 14 21 z8y9 figs-metaphor 0 For you are a nation that is set apart to Yahweh your God Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh your God has set you apart from other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 14 22 exv5 0 tithe all the yield of your seed This means they are to give one part out of every ten equal parts from their crops. DEU 14 22 q611 0 year after year Alternate translation: “every year” DEU 14 23 n5kz 0 before Yahweh Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” DEU 14 24 zu5k 0 carry it Here “it” refers to the tithe of crops and livestock. DEU 14 25 gn1x 0 you will convert the offering into money Alternate translation: “you will sell your offering for money” DEU 14 25 q4rb 0 tie up the money in your hand, and go Alternate translation: “put the money in a bag and take it with you” DEU 14 26 m22p 0 for whatever you desire Alternate translation: “for whatever you want” DEU 14 26 qi5i 0 before Yahweh Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” DEU 14 27 kt4y figs-doublenegatives 0 do not forsake him This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “make sure to give some of your tithe to the Levite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) DEU 14 27 wll4 figs-explicit 0 for he has no portion nor inheritance with you The tribe of Levi did not receive a portion of land as their inheritance. Their share of the inheritance was the honor of serving Yahweh as his priests. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 14 27 lpl1 figs-metaphor 0 no portion nor inheritance with you God not giving land to the Levites is spoken of as if he were not giving them an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 14 28 v3cb translate-numbers 0 every three years you will present all the tithe of your produce Once every 3 years the Israelites were to store their tithes within their own towns so that it would be used to provide for the Levites, orphans, widows and foreigners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 14 28 nf4w figs-synecdoche 0 within your gates Here “gates” represents the entire city or town. Alternate translation: “inside your city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 14 29 mju1 figs-metaphor 0 because he has no portion nor inheritance with you God not giving any land to the Levites is spoken of as if he were not giving them an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 14 29 qi4c 0 fatherless These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them. DEU 14 29 v7bc 0 widow This is a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age. DEU 14 29 zfp5 figs-synecdoche 0 in all the work of your hand that you do Here “hand” represents the whole person. This refers to the work that someone does. Alternate translation: “in all the work you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 15 intro n3mh 0 # Deuteronomy 15 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Forgiveness of Debt<br>This chapter gives instructions about the necessity to regularly forgive debt among their fellow countryman. This prevented people from being trapped by their poverty.<br><br>### Justice<br>As Yahweh’s chosen nation, there must be justice in Israel. This chapter gives commands that encouraged justice by protecting the poor, servants and slaves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) DEU 15 1 s315 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 15 1 my7z translate-numbers 0 seven years Alternate translation: “7 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 15 1 ym2l 0 you must cancel debts Alternate translation: “forgive every thing which people still owe you” DEU 15 2 u4xx 0 This is the manner of the release Alternate translation: “This is how to cancel the debts” DEU 15 2 wti8 0 creditor a person who lends money to other people DEU 15 2 y5dj figs-doublet 0 his neighbor or his brother The words “neighbor” and “brother” share similar meanings and emphasize the close relationship that they have with their fellow Israelites. Alternate translation: “his fellow Israelite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 15 2 l5im figs-activepassive 0 because Yahweh’s cancellation of debts has been proclaimed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh has required that you cancel debts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 15 3 xv49 figs-idiom 0 your hand must release This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you must not demand it back” or “you must not require repayment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 15 4 cxl8 figs-nominaladj 0 no poor The nominal adjective “poor” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “no poor people” or “no one who is poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) DEU 15 4 t3us 0 the land that he gives This refers to the land of Canaan. DEU 15 4 hsd1 figs-metaphor 0 he gives you as an inheritance to possess The land that Yahweh is giving to his people is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Yahweh is giving them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 15 5 x28x figs-metonymy 0 if only you diligently listen to the voice of Yahweh your God Here the metonym “voice of Yahweh” refers to what Yahweh himself says. Alternate translation: “if only you are careful to obey what Yahweh your God says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 15 6 f39v figs-ellipsis 0 you will lend … you will not borrow The word “money” is understood. You can make the full meaning of this statement clear. Alternate translation: “you will lend money … you will not borrow money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) DEU 15 6 p426 figs-metonymy 0 to many nations … over many nations Here “nations” represents the people. Alternate translation: “to the people of many nations … over the people of many nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 15 6 p9hi figs-parallelism 0 you will rule over many nations, but they will not rule over you Here “rule over” means to be financially superior. This means basically the same thing as the previous part of the sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 15 7 e7tf 0 If there is a poor man Here “man” means a person in general. Alternate translation: “If there is a poor person” DEU 15 7 yi5v 0 one of your brothers Alternate translation: “one of your fellow Israelites” DEU 15 7 cw85 figs-synecdoche 0 within any of your gates Here “gates” represents the entire city or town. Alternate translation: “within any of your towns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 15 7 s1y1 figs-metaphor 0 you must not harden your heart Being stubborn is spoken of as if the person hardened their heart. Alternate translation: “you must not be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 15 7 y4ak figs-metaphor 0 nor shut your hand from your poor brother A person who refuses to provide for a poor person is spoken of as if he were shutting his hand so that the poor person cannot get anything from him. Alternate translation: “nor refuse to help your fellow Israelite who is poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 15 8 x1h1 figs-metaphor 0 but you must surely open your hand to him A person who helps a poor person is spoken of as if he were opening his hand to him. Alternate translation: “but you must surely help him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 15 9 s6u9 figs-metonymy 0 not to have a wicked thought in your heart, saying Here “heart” represents a person’s mind. Alternate translation: “not to think a wicked thought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 15 9 fc71 figs-explicit 0 The seventh year, the year of release, is near It is implied that because the year of release will happen soon, the person thinking this will be reluctant to help a poor person since it is likely that the poor person will not have to pay him back. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 15 9 x9aa translate-ordinal 0 The seventh year The word “seventh” is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) DEU 15 9 fm5t 0 the year of release Alternate translation: “the year to cancel debts” DEU 15 9 k5ex figs-metaphor 0 is near Something that will happen soon is spoken of as if it were physically near. Alternate translation: “will happen soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 15 9 n5bx 0 so that you will not be stingy in regard to your poor brother and give him nothing Alternate translation: “so that you are not stubborn and refuse to give anything to your fellow Israelite” DEU 15 9 ia9s 0 cry out to Yahweh Alternate translation: “shout to Yahweh for help” DEU 15 9 qs88 0 it would be sin for you Alternate translation: “Yahweh will consider what you have done to be sinful” DEU 15 10 r7sr figs-synecdoche 0 your heart must not be sorry Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “you should not regret it” or “you should be happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) DEU 15 10 ew7n figs-synecdoche 0 in all that you put your hand to Here “put your hand to” represents the whole person and work that he has done. Alternate translation: “in all that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 15 11 yhm6 figs-doublenegatives 0 For the poor will never cease to exist in the land This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “For there will always be poor people in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) DEU 15 11 tq3p figs-nominaladj 0 For the poor The nominal adjective “the poor” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “For poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) DEU 15 11 vi74 figs-quotesinquotes 0 I command you and say, ‘You must surely open your hand … in your land.’ This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “I command you to open your hand … in your land” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) DEU 15 11 l4vm figs-metaphor 0 open your hand to your brother, to your needy, and to your poor A person who is willing to help someone else is spoken of as if his hand were open. Alternate translation: “help your fellow Israelite, those who are needy, and those who are poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 15 11 v4zq figs-doublet 0 your brother, to your needy, and to your poor The words “needy” and “poor” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that these are people who cannot help themselves. Alternate translation: “help your fellow Israelites who cannot help themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 15 12 g1va 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 15 12 s6rs figs-gendernotations 0 If your brother Here “brother” means an Israelite in general, whether a male or female. Alternate translation: “If a fellow Israelite” or “If a fellow Hebrew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) DEU 15 12 s9n7 figs-activepassive 0 is sold to you If a person could not repay their debts, they sometimes sold themselves into slavery to pay what they owed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “sell themselves to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 15 12 xs42 translate-numbers 0 six years Alternate translation: “6 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 15 12 m72h translate-ordinal 0 seventh year Alternate translation: “year 7.” This “seventh” is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) DEU 15 13 f4yl figs-metaphor 0 you must not let him go empty-handed A person who has no possessions to provide for himself or his family is spoken of as if his hands were empty. Alternate translation: “you must not let him leave without having anything to provide for himself and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 15 14 t5ik 0 liberally provide for him Alternate translation: “generously give to him” DEU 15 15 hx9p figs-you 0 remember that you were a slave Here “you” includes their ancestors that were slaves for many years. Alternate translation: “remember that your people were once slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 15 15 r2nh figs-metaphor 0 that Yahweh your God redeemed you Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves in Egypt is spoken of as if Yahweh paid money to redeem his people from slavery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 15 16 dd3q figs-quotesinquotes 0 if he says to you, ‘I will not go away from you,’ This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “if he says to you that he will not go away from you,” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) DEU 15 16 g927 figs-metonymy 0 your house Here “house” represents the person’s family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 15 17 dml6 0 then you must take an awl and thrust it through his ear to a door Alternate translation: “then you will place his head near a wooden door frame in your house, and then put the point of the awl through his earlobe into the wood” DEU 15 17 b9kr translate-unknown 0 awl a sharp, pointed tool used to make a hole (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) DEU 15 17 re8m 0 for life Alternate translation: “until the end of his life” or “until he dies” DEU 15 18 in4n figs-litotes 0 It must not seem difficult for you to let him go free from you This means that they are not resent it when they let someone go free. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Be pleased when you let him go free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) DEU 15 18 s7d6 0 given twice the value of a hired person This means the owner only had to pay have the amount for this slave to work than he would for a person he hired to do a job. DEU 15 18 xdz6 0 a hired person This is a person who works for pay. DEU 15 19 fl68 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 15 19 f3xu 0 shear to cut off wool or hair DEU 15 20 c1pf 0 before Yahweh Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” DEU 15 20 w1lv 0 year by year Alternate translation: “each year” or “every year” DEU 15 21 t6e5 0 lame crippled or physically disabled DEU 15 22 qx8i figs-synecdoche 0 within your gates Here “gates” represents the city or town. Alternate translation: “within your community” or “inside your city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 15 22 rqw8 figs-metaphor 0 the unclean … persons A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 15 22 b1cn figs-metaphor 0 the clean persons A person who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 15 22 lxt5 0 a gazelle or a deer These are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 12:15](../12/15.md). DEU 15 23 bw7p 0 you must not eat its blood Alternate translation: “you must not consume its blood.” Yahweh did not allow Israelites to consume blood because the blood represented life ([Deuteronomy 12:23](../12/23.md)). DEU 16 intro fgs7 0 # Deuteronomy 16 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Festivals<br><br>This chapter retells the specific commands about how to celebrate the Passover. This recalled the Passover in Egypt, which was an important event in the formation of the nation of Israel. There are several other important festivals described in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])<br><br>### Life in Israel<br><br>As Yahweh’s chosen nation, there must be justice in Israel. Also, Yahweh must be the only God in Israel. He alone is to be worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) DEU 16 1 v2as 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 16 1 q8mq translate-hebrewmonths 0 month of Aviv This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It marks when God brought the people of Israel out of Egypt. It is during the last part of March and the first part April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 16 1 l33g figs-explicit 0 keep the Passover It is implied by “keep the Passover” that they would celebrate and eat the Passover meal. Alternate translation: “celebrate the Passover meal” or “eat the Passover meal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 16 2 f3xc figs-metonymy 0 You will sacrifice the Passover Here “Passover” represents the animal that is sacrificed for the Passover celebration. Alternate translation: For the Passover you will offer a sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 16 3 fgj8 0 with it Here “it” refers to the animal they will sacrifice and eat. DEU 16 3 du99 translate-numbers 0 seven days Alternate translation: “7 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 16 3 m6rj figs-explicit 0 the bread of affliction This was the name of the unleavened bread. The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “this bread will remind you of how much you suffered while in Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 16 3 df5u figs-explicit 0 out of the land of Egypt in haste The people had to leave Egypt so quickly that they did not have enough time to make bread with yeast in it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “out of the land of Egypt in such hurry you did not have time to make bread with yeast in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 16 3 zi9r 0 Do this all the days of your life Alternate translation: “Do this as long as you live” DEU 16 3 k8n3 figs-idiom 0 call to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 16 4 jvu8 figs-activepassive 0 No yeast must be seen among you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not have any yeast among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 16 4 t1u8 0 within all your borders Alternate translation: “inside all your territory” or “in all your land” DEU 16 4 uc3u translate-ordinal 0 first day This “first” is the ordinal number for one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) DEU 16 5 s93m figs-metonymy 0 You may not sacrifice the Passover Here “Passover” represents the animal that will be sacrificed. Alternate translation: “For the Passover you may not sacrifice the animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 16 5 x2av figs-synecdoche 0 within any of your city gates Here “gates” represents the cities or towns. Alternate translation: “within any of your towns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 16 6 u7ep 0 at the going down of the sun Alternate translation: “at sunset” DEU 16 7 f6n3 0 You must roast it Alternate translation: “You must cook it” DEU 16 8 pjy1 translate-numbers 0 six days Alternate translation: “6 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 16 8 sj92 translate-ordinal 0 seventh day Alternate translation: “seventh” is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) DEU 16 8 xq7m 0 solemn assembly Alternate translation: “special gathering” DEU 16 9 mq43 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 16 9 y8w1 translate-numbers 0 count seven weeks Alternate translation: “count 7 weeks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 16 9 bxy9 figs-idiom 0 from the time you begin to put the sickle to the standing grain The phrase “put the sickle to the standing grain” is a way of referring to the beginning of harvest time. Alternate translation: “from the time that you begin harvesting the grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 16 9 w3cl translate-unknown 0 sickle a tool with a curved blade used for cutting grass, grain, and vines (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) DEU 16 10 pjc9 figs-synecdoche 0 with the contribution of a freewill offering from your hand that you will give Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “and you will give your free will offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 16 10 n1v1 0 according as Yahweh your God has blessed you Alternate translation: “according to the harvest which Yahweh your God has given you” This means that the people will base how much they offer on how much they harvested that year. DEU 16 11 vju9 figs-genericnoun 0 your son, your daughter, your male servant, your female servant, the Levite These do not refer to a specific person. It means these types of people in general. Alternate translation: “your sons, your daughters, your male servants, your females servants, any Levite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) DEU 16 11 h2jm figs-synecdoche 0 within your city gates Here “gates” represents cities or towns. Alternate translation: “within your towns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 16 11 g2r8 figs-genericnoun 0 the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow This refers to these types of people in general. Alternate translation: “all foreigners, orphans, and widows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) DEU 16 11 kg4w 0 fatherless These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them. DEU 16 11 i5b3 0 widow This means a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age. DEU 16 12 ku33 figs-idiom 0 call to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 16 13 fy5u 0 Festival of Shelters Other names for this festival are “Feast of Tabernacles,” “Festival of Booths,” and “Feast of the Ingathering.” During harvest time, farmers would set up temporary shelters in the field. This festival took place after the last harvest of the year. DEU 16 13 s5xw translate-numbers 0 seven days Alternate translation: “7 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 16 14 uv5f figs-synecdoche 0 within your gates Here the word “gates” represents cities or towns. Alternate translation: “within your towns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 16 15 ec92 0 the festival Alternate translation: “the Festival of Shelters” DEU 16 15 c3hy figs-synecdoche 0 all the work of your hands Here “hands” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “all the work you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 16 16 g2xh 0 all your males must appear before Yahweh Females were allowed, but Yahweh did not require that they come. The men could represent their whole families. DEU 16 16 cxc2 0 must appear before Yahweh Alternate translation: “must come and stand in the presence of Yahweh” DEU 16 16 pku8 figs-litotes 0 No one will appear before Yahweh empty-handed Alternate translation: “They will not come before Yahweh without an offering” These two negative phrases together have a positive meaning. Alternate translation: “Every person who comes before Yahweh must bring an offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) DEU 16 18 g2as 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 16 18 dc3d 0 You must make judges Alternate translation: “You must appoint judges” or “You must choose judges” DEU 16 18 vxu2 figs-synecdoche 0 within all your city gates Here “gates” represents a city or town. Alternate translation: “within all your towns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 16 18 we4m figs-activepassive 0 they will be taken If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will choose them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 16 18 reh9 0 judge the people with righteous judgment Alternate translation: “judge the people fairly” DEU 16 19 c8iq figs-metaphor 0 You must not take justice away by force Moses speaks of justice as if it were a physical object that a strong person can violently pull away from a weak person. This can be stated in positive form. Your language might have one word that means “use force to take away.” Alternate translation: “You must not be unfair when you judge” or “You must make just decisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) DEU 16 19 lqn9 figs-you 0 You must not Here “You” refers to those who will be appointed as judges and officers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 16 19 f47g figs-metaphor 0 for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and perverts the words of the righteous Taking a bribe is spoken of as if the bribe were corrupting the people. Alternate translation: “for even a wise man who accepts a bribe will become blind, and even a righteous man who accepts a bribe will tell lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 16 19 mk49 figs-metaphor 0 a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise A wise person who accepts a bribe so that he does not speak against something evil is spoken of as if he becomes blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 16 19 pu4g figs-nominaladj 0 the wise The nominal adjective “the wise” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “a wise person” or “wise people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) DEU 16 19 m8gc figs-nominaladj 0 perverts the words of the righteous The nominal adjective “righteous” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “causes a righteous person to lie” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) DEU 16 20 xm5v figs-metaphor 0 follow after justice, after justice alone justice is spoken of as a person who is walking. A person who is doing what is fair and just is spoken of as if he was following close behindjustice. Alternate translation: “do only what is fair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 16 20 b78e figs-metaphor 0 inherit the land that Yahweh your God is giving you Receiving the land that God is giving to the people is spoken of as if the people are inheriting the land from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 16 21 ec3t figs-you 0 You must not Here “You” refers to all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 16 22 mw2w figs-distinguish 0 any sacred stone pillar, which Yahweh your God hates The phrase “which Yahweh your God hates” is giving more information about the sacred stone pillar. Alternate translation: “any sacred stone pillar because Yahweh your God hates them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) DEU 16 22 s7sn 0 sacred stone pillar This refers to pillars that are idols used to worship false gods. DEU 17 intro a3z4 0 # Deuteronomy 17 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Witnesses<br>In the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>### King<br>Israel was not to have a king because Yahweh was their king. Knowing the sinfulness of the people, Yahweh anticipated that one day Israel would have a king. Therefore, this passage gives commands about their king prophetically. They were not allowed to collect chariots because they were a sign of earthly power and the king was to trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 17 1 a78k 0 General Information: Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 17 1 d6zp 0 in which is any blemish Alternate translation: “that has a blemish” or “that has something wrong with it.” The animal is to appear healthy without any deformity. DEU 17 1 y292 0 that would be an abomination to Yahweh Alternate translation: “that would be disgusting to Yahweh” DEU 17 2 ljz8 figs-activepassive 0 If there is found This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you find someone” or “If there is anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 17 2 liy9 figs-synecdoche 0 within any of your city gates Here “city gates” represents cities or towns. Alternate translation: “living in one of your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 17 2 f7d1 figs-metonymy 0 what is evil in the sight of Yahweh your God The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “something that Yahweh your God thinks is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 17 2 yhj2 0 transgresses his covenant Alternate translation: “disobeys his covenant” DEU 17 4 pz4e figs-activepassive 0 if you are told about this If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if someone tells you about this disobedient act” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 17 4 fqc1 figs-abstractnouns 0 you must make a careful investigation If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **investigation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you must carefully investigate what happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 17 4 b585 figs-activepassive 0 such an abomination has been done in Israel If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone has done such a horrible thing in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 17 6 rul7 figs-metonymy 0 At the mouth of two witnesses, or three witnesses, will he who must die be put to death Here “the mouth” represents the testimony of a witness. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If two or three witnesses speak against the person, then you must execute him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 17 6 d4v8 figs-metonymy 0 but at the mouth of only one witness he must not be put to death Here “the mouth” represents the testimony of a witness. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but if only one person speaks against him, then you must not execute him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 17 7 zj7l figs-synecdoche 0 The hand of the witnesses must be the first to put him to death, and afterward the hand of all the people Here “hand” represents the entire group of witnesses. Alternate translation: “The witnesses themselves must be the first ones to throw stones. Then all the people will execute the person by throwing stones at him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 17 7 c151 figs-nominaladj 0 you will remove the evil from among you The nominal adjective “the evil” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites this person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) DEU 17 8 q5bw 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 17 8 j7yz 0 If a matter arises Alternate translation: “If there is a matter” or “If there is a situation” DEU 17 8 ahf5 0 one person’s right and another person’s right A “right” is a person’s legal authority to do something or to possess something. DEU 17 9 i57n figs-abstractnouns 0 you will seek their advice If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **advice**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you will ask them to advise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 17 9 xe5f figs-abstractnouns 0 they will give you the verdict If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **verdict**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “they will decide on the matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 17 11 n3uq figs-metaphor 0 Follow the law they teach you A person obeying what the priests and judge decide is spoken of as if the person were physically following behind the law. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must obey what the judge and priests decide about the matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 17 11 a1r9 figs-metaphor 0 Do not turn aside from what they tell you, to the right hand or to the left A person not doing exactly what the judge and priests say is spoken of as if he were turning off the correct path. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Do not disobey anything they tell you” or “Do everything they say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 17 12 l4fz 0 in not listening to the priest … or in not listening to the judge Alternate translation: “and does not obey the priest … or does not obey the judge” DEU 17 12 u7c6 figs-nominaladj 0 you will put away the evil from Israel The nominal adjective “the evil” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) DEU 17 13 xm49 figs-explicit 0 All the people must hear and fear, and act arrogantly no more It is implied that when the people hear about the person who was executed for acting arrogantly, they will be afraid and not act arrogantly themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 17 14 t6n8 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 17 14 wkl6 figs-go 0 When you have come to the land The word “come to” can be translated as “gone to” or “entered.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) DEU 17 14 x3gq figs-quotesinquotes 0 then you say, ‘I will set a king over myself, like all the nations that are round about me,’ This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “then you decide that you want a king just like the peoples of the nations that surround you have kings,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) DEU 17 14 n7ly figs-pronouns 0 I will set a king over myself … round about me Moses has the people speaking as if they were one person. It may be more natural to translate this with plural pronouns. Alternate translation: “We will set over ourselves … round about us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) DEU 17 14 gm2m figs-metaphor 0 set a king over myself Giving someone the authority to rule as king in Israel is spoken of as if the people were setting the person in a place above them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 17 14 c8nt 0 all the nations that are round about me Alternate translation: “all the surrounding nations” DEU 17 14 ie3y figs-metonymy 0 all the nations Here “nations” represent the people who live in the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 17 15 x8fl 0 someone from among your brothers Alternate translation: “one of your fellow Israelites” DEU 17 15 q7px figs-doublet 0 a foreigner, who is not your brother, over yourself Both of these phrases mean the same thing. They both refer to a person who is not an Israelite. Yahweh is emphasizing that the people of Israel should not let a foreigner rule over them. Alternate translation: “a foreigner over yourself” or “a non-Israelite over yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 17 16 pr1w figs-quotesinquotes 0 for Yahweh had said to you, ‘You will never return that way again.’ This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh had said that you must never return to Egypt again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) DEU 17 17 zj8g figs-synecdoche 0 so that his heart does not turn away Here “heart” refers to the whole person. An Israelite king who marries foreign wives and starts to worship their false gods is spoken of as if his heart were to turn away from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “so that they do not cause him to stop honoring Yahweh and start worshiping false gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 17 18 tt3z figs-metonymy 0 When he sits on the throne of his kingdom Here “throne” represents the person’s power and authority as king. To sit on the throne means to become king. Alternate translation: “When he becomes king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 17 18 h6x6 0 he must write for himself in a scroll a copy of this law This could mean: (1) “he must personally write in a scroll a copy of this law for himself” or (2) “he must appoint someone to write in a scroll a copy of this law for him” DEU 17 18 xh2p 0 from the law that is before the priests, who are Levites Alternate translation: “from the copy of the law that the Levitical priests keep” DEU 17 19 f877 figs-parallelism 0 so as to keep all the words of this law and these statutes, to observe them These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the king must obey all of God’s law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 17 20 b7e5 figs-synecdoche 0 so that his heart is not lifted up above his brothers Here “his heart” refers to the whole person. A king becoming arrogant is spoken of as if his heart were lifted up. Alternate translation: “so that he does not become arrogant” or “so that he does not think he is better than his fellow Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 17 20 idm3 figs-metaphor 0 so that he does not turn away from the commandments, to the right hand or to the left A king disobeying God’s commands is spoken of as if a person were to turn off the correct path. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “so that he does not disobey any of the commandments” or “so that he obeys all of the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) DEU 17 20 sa87 figs-metaphor 0 prolong his days Long days is a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated a similar phrase “prolong your days” in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 18 intro u6pf 0 # Deuteronomy 18 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Levites<br>As Yahweh’s chosen priests, the priest were to trust in Yahweh to provide for them. He provided for them through the rest of the Israelites. Yahweh was their inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])<br><br>### Messiah<br>This chapter is one of the first prophecies about the promised, coming Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) DEU 18 1 ztw1 0 General Information: Moses continues telling the people what Yahweh wants them to do. DEU 18 1 u386 figs-metaphor 0 will have no portion nor inheritance with Israel The Levites not receiving any land from Yahweh is spoken of as if they would not receive an inheritance. Alternate translation: “will not possess any of the people’s land” or “will not receive any of the land that the Israelites will possess” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 18 1 z6rx 0 no portion Alternate translation: “no part” or “no share” DEU 18 2 h6ef 0 among their brothers Alternate translation: “among the other tribes of Israel” or “among the other Israelites” DEU 18 2 pd8k figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh is their inheritance Moses speaks of the great honor that Aaron and his descendants will have by serving Yahweh as priests as if Yahweh were something that they will inherit. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 10:9](../10/09.md). Alternate translation: “instead, they will have Yahweh” or “instead, Yahweh will allow them to serve him and he will provide for them through that service” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 18 3 bn85 0 the inner parts This is the stomach and intestines. DEU 18 4 g5u8 0 you must give him Alternate translation: “you must give to the priest” DEU 18 5 py8r figs-metonymy 0 has chosen him Here “him” represents all the Levites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 18 5 g5j5 figs-metonymy 0 to stand to serve in the name of Yahweh Here “the name of Yahweh” stands for Yahweh himself and his authority. Alternate translation: “to be his special servants” or “to serve as a representative of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 18 5 ep9k figs-synecdoche 0 him and his sons forever Here “him” represents all the Levites. Alternate translation: “the Levites and their descendants forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 18 6 we5s figs-idiom 0 desires with all his soul This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “strongly desires” or “really wants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 18 7 p9jv figs-metonymy 0 then he must serve in the name of Yahweh his God Here “name” represents Yahweh and his authority. Alternate translation: “then he must serve Yahweh his God as a priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 18 7 a94d 0 who stand there before Yahweh Alternate translation: “who serve in the sanctuary in the presence of Yahweh” DEU 18 8 c8rp 0 his family’s inheritance This is what the priest would inherit from his father. DEU 18 9 gvb6 figs-go 0 When you have come Here “come” can be translated as “gone” or “entered.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) DEU 18 9 b17w figs-metonymy 0 you must not learn to observe the abominations of those nations God hates the religious activities of the people in the surrounding nations. He considers them to be terribly evil. Here “nations” represents the people. Alternate translation: “you must not do the terrible things that the people of the other nations do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 18 10 ey79 figs-activepassive 0 There must not be found among you anyone If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “There must not be anyone among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 18 10 hta7 0 anyone who uses divination … tells fortunes … reads signs found in a cup … engages in witchcraft These are different ways of practicing magic. God has forbidden every kind of magic. If you do not have a word for all of these activities, it can be stated more generally. Alternate translation: “anyone who uses magic to try to find out what will happen in the future, to cast spells” DEU 18 10 ugk5 0 reads signs found in a cup One who reads the shapes and figures in a cup and who predicts future events from what they can see DEU 18 11 g9dh 0 any charmer … anyone who conjurs up spirits … one who casts spells … who talks with spirits of the dead These are phrases for people who practice different kinds of magic. God has forbidden every kind of magic. If you do not have a word for all of these types of people, you can translate more generally. Alternate translation: “anyone who uses magic to cast spells, or to talk to the spirits of dead people” DEU 18 12 ufu7 0 driving them out Here “them” refers to the people already living in Canaan. DEU 18 14 aj59 figs-metonymy 0 For these nations Here “nations” stands for the people groups that live in Canaan. Alternate translation: “For these people groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 18 14 q8g1 0 these nations that you will dispossess Alternate translation: “these nations whose land you will take” DEU 18 15 y637 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 18 15 pp4p figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh your God will raise up for you a prophet Yahweh appointing a person to be a prophet is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift the person up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 18 15 m2rv 0 one of your brothers Alternate translation: “one of your fellow Israelites” DEU 18 16 v3y7 0 This is what you asked Here “you” refers to the Israelites at Mount Horeb about 40 years earlier. DEU 18 16 iz2m 0 at Horeb on the day of the assembly Alternate translation: “on the day you gathered together at Horeb” DEU 18 16 pp7b figs-quotesinquotes 0 on the day of the assembly, saying, ‘Let us not hear again the voice of Yahweh our God, nor see this great fire anymore, or we will die.’ This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “on the day of the assembly when you said that you did not want to hear the voice of Yahweh our God, nor see his great fire anymore, because you were afraid that you would die.” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) DEU 18 16 l7c6 figs-synecdoche 0 Let us not hear again the voice of Yahweh our God Here Yahweh is represented by his “voice” to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “Let us not hear Yahweh our God speak again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 18 18 t95s figs-metaphor 0 I will raise up a prophet for them Yahweh appointing a person to be a prophet is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift the person up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 18 18 d8wb 0 from among their brothers Alternate translation: “from among their fellow Israelites” DEU 18 18 p717 figs-metaphor 0 I will put my words in his mouth Yahweh telling the prophet what to say is spoken of as if Yahweh would put words in the prophet’s mouth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 18 18 xl1v 0 speak to them Alternate translation: “speak to the people of Israel” DEU 18 19 pt28 figs-metonymy 0 does not listen to the words of mine that he speaks in my name Here “my name” represents Yahweh and his authority. Alternate translation: “does not listen to him when he speaks my message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 18 19 n8mr 0 require it of him Alternate translation: “I will hold him responsible” or “I will punish him.” Here “him” refers to the person who does not listen to the prophet. DEU 18 20 y6dm 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. DEU 18 20 pl2e 0 who speaks a word arrogantly Alternate translation: “who dares to speak a message” or “who is arrogant enough to speak a message” DEU 18 20 ip16 figs-metonymy 0 in my name Here “my name” refers to Yahweh himself and his authority. Alternate translation: “for me” or “with my authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 18 20 x88t 0 a word Alternate translation: “a message” DEU 18 20 f7vu figs-metonymy 0 who speaks in the name of other gods Here “name” represents the gods themselves or their authority. This means the prophet claims that false gods told him to speak a certain message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 18 21 ryk5 figs-metonymy 0 This is what you must say in your heart Here “heart” represents the thoughts of a person. Alternate translation: “You ask yourself” or “You must say to yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 18 21 gbx1 0 How will we recognize a message that Yahweh has not spoken? Alternate translation: “How will we know if the message that the prophet speaks is from Yahweh?” Here “we” refers to the people of Israel. DEU 18 22 law3 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. DEU 18 22 kzp4 figs-metonymy 0 a prophet speaks in the name of Yahweh Here “name of Yahweh” refers to Yahweh himself and his authority. Alternate translation: “a prophet claims to speak for me” or “a prophet claims to speak with my authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 18 22 ys2k 0 the prophet has spoken it arrogantly Alternate translation: “the prophet has spoken this message without my authority” DEU 19 intro r53s 0 # Deuteronomy 19 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Justice<br>Another way justice would be maintained in Israel was by avoiding revenge killings. This chapter describes the establishment of special cities to protect those fleeing from revenge killings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])<br><br>### Witnesses<br>In the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Law of retaliation<br>The chapter describes a famous law, often called the “law of retaliation.” It is said, an “eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.” This does not mean a person who causes another person to lose their eye must have their own eye removed as punishment. This law is not about making all things equal. Instead, it is about limiting the punishment or the ability of a person to retaliate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 19 1 rka3 0 General Information: Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 19 1 av28 figs-metaphor 0 When Yahweh your God cuts off the nations Yahweh destroying the people who live in Canaan is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 19 1 jh1z figs-metonymy 0 the nations This represents the people groups that live in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 19 1 y55w 0 those whose land Yahweh your God is giving you Alternate translation: “those nations who were living in the land that Yahweh your God is giving you” DEU 19 1 kl51 0 come after them Alternate translation: “take the land from those nations” or “possess the land after those nations are gone” DEU 19 2 l8je translate-numbers 0 select three cities Alternate translation: “choose 3 cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 19 3 ty5v figs-explicit 0 You must build a road They were to build roads so that it would be easy for people to travel to these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 19 3 g91q figs-explicit 0 divide the borders of your land into three parts It is implied that one of the cities they choose must be in each part of the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 19 3 psa1 figs-metaphor 0 the land that Yahweh your God is causing you to inherit Yahweh giving the land to the people of Israel is spoken of as if the people are inheriting the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 19 4 inz6 0 This is the instruction Alternate translation: “These are the instructions” or “These are the directions” DEU 19 4 v7rc figs-ellipsis 0 concerning the one who kills another The word “person” is understood. Alternate translation: “for a person who kills another person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) DEU 19 4 cez8 0 and flees from there Alternate translation: “and who escapes to one of these cities” or “who runs to one of these cities” DEU 19 4 k7eb 0 the one who unintentionally kills his neighbor Here “neighbor” means any person in general. Alternate translation: “any person who kills another person by accident” DEU 19 4 uvu6 figs-explicit 0 without hating him at the time of the accident Alternate translation: “but did not hate his neighbor before he killed him.” This implies there was no cause for him to kill his neighbor purposely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 19 5 qb1k figs-hypo 0 For example, if a man goes into the forest … to cut wood The author gives a hypothetical situation where a person accidentally kills another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) DEU 19 5 i3cb 0 the ax head slips off of the handle The iron part of the ax comes off the wooden handle. DEU 19 5 wkv1 0 strikes his neighbor and kills him This means the head of the ax hits and kills the neighbor. DEU 19 5 l3mr figs-explicit 0 to one of these cities and save his life It is implied that the family of the dead man may try to get revenge. The man who killed him can flee to one of these cities, and the people there would protect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 19 6 y7gu 0 General Information: Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 19 6 qq6p figs-metonymy 0 the avenger of blood Here “blood” represents the person who was killed. An “avenger of blood” is a close relative of the person who was killed. This relative is responsible for punishing the murderer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 19 6 xgi5 figs-idiom 0 the one who took a life This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the one who killed the other person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 19 6 xc46 figs-metaphor 0 in the heat of his anger Someone being very angry is spoken of as if anger were something that could become hot. Alternate translation: “and being very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 19 6 ugg9 0 strike him and kill him Alternate translation: “And the blood avenger strikes and kills the one who had killed the other person” DEU 19 6 z4dg 0 though that man did not deserve to die, since he had not hated his neighbor in the past Alternate translation: “though that man did not deserve to die since he accidentally killed the other person and was not his enemy, and he had not planned to hurt the man” DEU 19 8 bj18 0 General Information: Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 19 8 ge7t 0 enlarges your borders Alternate translation: “gives you more land to possess” DEU 19 8 d84s 0 as he has sworn to your ancestors to do Alternate translation: “like he promised your ancestors that he would do” DEU 19 9 a3eh 0 if you keep all these commandments to do them Alternate translation: “if you obey all these commandments” DEU 19 9 jg6e figs-metaphor 0 to always walk in his ways How God wants a person to live or behave is spoken of as if it were Yahweh’s way or road. A person who obeys Yahweh is spoken of as if he were walking on Yahweh’s way or road. Alternate translation: “to always obey him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 19 9 yw53 translate-numbers 0 then you must add three more cities for yourself The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “then you must choose three more cities for a person to escape to if he accidentally kills someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 19 9 v9ky translate-numbers 0 besides these three Alternate translation: “in addition to the three cities you already established” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 19 10 pz9n figs-activepassive 0 Do this so that innocent blood is not shed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do this so that family members do not kill an innocent person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 19 10 nw4x figs-metonymy 0 innocent blood is not shed Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To shed blood means to kill a person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one kills an innocent person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 19 10 g3td 0 in the midst of the land Alternate translation: “in the land” or “in the territory” DEU 19 10 xf54 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh your God is giving you for as an inheritance The land that Yahweh is giving the people of Israel is spoken of as if it were an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 19 10 jrj7 figs-metaphor 0 so that no bloodguilt may be on you The people of Israel being guilty for a person dying because they did not build a city where he would be safe from the “blood avenger” is spoken of as if the guilt of his death is on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 19 10 swl5 figs-metonymy 0 bloodguilt Here “blood” represents a life and “bloodguilt” refers to the guilt someone has for killing an innocent person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 19 10 p59g 0 may be on you This means that if a family member kills an innocent person, then all the people of Israel will be guilty for letting that happen. DEU 19 11 vzh1 0 his neighbor Here “neighbor” means any person in general. DEU 19 11 c5ne figs-explicit 0 lies in wait for him The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “hides and waits in order to kill him” or “plans to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 19 11 k2et figs-idiom 0 rises up against him This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “attacks him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 19 11 fl1g 0 mortally wounds him so that he dies Alternate translation: “hurts him so that he dies” or “and kills him” DEU 19 12 y76n 0 must send and bring him back from there Alternate translation: “must send someone to get him and bring him back from the city that he escaped to” DEU 19 12 w6c5 figs-idiom 0 turn him over This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “give him over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 19 12 wm9p figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of the responsible relative Here “the hand” represents the authority of someone. Alternate translation: “to the authority of the responsible relative” or “to the responsible relative” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 19 12 mu7q 0 the responsible relative This is the relative of the person who was killed. This relative is responsible for punishing the murderer. DEU 19 12 k525 0 he may die Alternate translation: “the murderer may die” or “the responsible relative may execute the murderer” DEU 19 13 nzj3 figs-synecdoche 0 Your eye must not pity him Here “your eye” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “Do not show him mercy” or “Do not feel sorry for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 19 13 bf7g figs-metonymy 0 you must eradicate the bloodguilt from Israel Here “bloodguilt” represents the guilt for murdering an innocent person. Alternate translation: “you must execute the murderer so that the people of Israel will not be guilty for the death of an innocent person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 19 13 m9xl figs-metonymy 0 from Israel Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 19 14 ri32 0 General Information: Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 19 14 il44 figs-explicit 0 You must not remove your neighbor’s landmark The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “You must not take land away from your neighbor by moving the markers on the borders of his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 19 14 z3yt 0 they set in place Alternate translation: “that your ancestors placed” DEU 19 14 aq1b 0 a long time ago Moses means that when the people have lived in the land for a long time, they should not move the borders that their ancestors made when they first took the land. DEU 19 14 xa6i figs-metaphor 0 in your inheritance that you will inherit, in the land that Yahweh your God is giving you to possess Yahweh giving the land to the people of Israel is spoken of as if they were inheriting the land. Alternate translation: “in the land that Yahweh your God is giving to you to possess” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 19 15 d18z 0 General Information: Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 19 15 qy58 0 One sole witness Alternate translation: “A single witness” or “Only one witness” DEU 19 15 j3fr figs-idiom 0 must not rise up against a man Here “rise up” means to stand up in court and speak against someone to a judge. Alternate translation: “must not speak to the judges about something bad that a man did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 19 15 am59 0 in any matter that he sins Alternate translation: “anytime that a man does something bad” DEU 19 15 hv5m figs-metonymy 0 at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses Here “mouth” represents what the witnesses say. It is implied that there must be at least two or three witnesses. Alternate translation: “at the testimony of at least two or three people” or “based on what at least two or three people say happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 19 15 b9c6 figs-activepassive 0 must any matter be confirmed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will you confirm that the man is guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 19 16 nhi5 0 Suppose that Alternate translation: “When” or “If” DEU 19 16 ece2 0 an unrighteous witness Alternate translation: “a witness who intends to harm someone else” DEU 19 16 zqg3 figs-idiom 0 rises up against any man to testify against him of wrongdoing Here “rise up” means to stand up in court and speak against someone to a judge. Alternate translation: “tells the judge that a man sinned in order to get the man in trouble” or “tells the judge that a man sinned, so the judge will punish him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 19 17 e77t 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. DEU 19 17 l9ti 0 the ones between whom the controversy exists Alternate translation: “the ones who disagree with one another” DEU 19 17 xh66 figs-explicit 0 must stand before Yahweh, before the priests and the judges This means the two persons must go to the sanctuary where Yahweh’s presence dwells. At the sanctuary are priests and judges who have the authority to make legal decisions for Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 19 17 d8nf figs-idiom 0 stand before Yahweh, before the priests and the judges The phrase “stand before” is an idiom. It means to go to someone with authority and let him make a legal decision about a matter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 19 18 cr9r 0 The judges must make diligent inquiries Alternate translation: “The judges must work very hard to determine what happened” DEU 19 19 b5ya 0 then must you do to him, as he had wished to do to his brother Alternate translation: “then you must punish the false witness in the same way as he wanted you to punish the other man” DEU 19 19 p5aa figs-nominaladj 0 you will remove the evil from among you The nominal adjective “the evil” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “you will remove the evil practice from among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) DEU 19 20 a23d 0 Then those who remain Alternate translation: “When you punish the false witness, the rest of the people” DEU 19 20 n7hc figs-explicit 0 will hear and fear The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “will hear about the punishment and be afraid of getting punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 19 20 wqw9 0 commit no longer any such evil Alternate translation: “never again do something evil like that” DEU 19 21 z5fm figs-synecdoche 0 Your eyes must not pity Here “eyes” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “You must not pity him” or “You must not show him mercy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 19 21 nz4x figs-ellipsis 0 life will pay for life … foot for foot Here the phrases are shortened because the meaning is understood. It means the people must punish a person in the same way that he harmed another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) DEU 20 intro qq8m 0 # Deuteronomy 20 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s protection<br>Israel was not to worry about the power and strength of other nations. Instead, they were to trust in the power of Yahweh. He is the source of their military strength and protection. This is why a priest leads them into battle, rather than a military commander. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])<br><br>### Holy war<br>Israel’s conquering of the Promised Land was unique in history. It was a type of holy war and had special rules. This war was really Yahweh’s punishment against the sin of the Canaanite people. If the people were not completely destroyed, they would cause Israel to sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “What man is there”<br>This phrase is used several times to introduce a rhetorical question. The questions are intended to tell the readers that Yahweh only wants soldiers who are completely dedicated to fighting for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Excused from fighting<br>In ancient Israel, men were excused from fighting in battle for several different reasons. Some of these reasons are mentioned in this chapter. Apparently, needing to establish a new house, the need to harvest a field and cowardice were possible excuses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 20 1 x89z 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 20 1 ei7a 0 When you march out to battle against your enemies Alternate translation: “When you go out to fight in a war against your enemies” DEU 20 1 r5j1 figs-explicit 0 see horses, chariots People considered an army with many horses and chariots to be very strong. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 20 1 ta4q 0 he who brought you up out of the land of Egypt Yahweh brought the people from Egypt to Canaan. It was common to use the word “up” to refer to traveling from Egypt to Canaan. Alternate translation: “Yahweh who led you out from the land of Egypt” DEU 20 2 a8vr 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 20 2 qi76 0 speak to the people Alternate translation: “speak to the soldiers of Israel” DEU 20 3 fy5i figs-parallelism 0 Do not let your hearts faint. Do not fear or tremble. Do not be afraid of them These four expressions all mean the same thing and strongly emphasize that they are not to be afraid. If your language does not have four ways to express this concept, you may use less than four. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 20 3 e17d figs-metonymy 0 Do not let your hearts faint Here “hearts” represents people’s courage. For a heart to faint is an idiom that means “Do not be afraid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 20 4 mdt8 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh your God is the one who is going with you to fight for you against your enemies Yahweh defeating the enemies of the people of Israel is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who would fight along with the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 20 4 fvb1 0 to save you Alternate translation: “to give you victory” DEU 20 5 dxx2 0 General Information: Moses says what the army officers must say to the people of Israel before a battle. DEU 20 5 i6ss figs-explicit 0 The officers must speak One of the officers’ jobs was to decide who could leave the army. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 20 5 x2xn 0 What man is there … Let him go and return to his house Alternate translation: “If any soldier here has built a new house and has not dedicated it, he should go back to his house” DEU 20 5 ti4c figs-hypo 0 so that he does not die in battle and another man dedicates it The officer is describing a situation that could possibly happen to a soldier. Alternate translation: “so that, if he dies in battle, another man will not dedicate his house instead of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) DEU 20 6 yru7 0 General Information: Moses continues describing situations that allow a man to leave the military. DEU 20 6 vr9v 0 Is there anyone who has planted … Let him go home Alternate translation: “If any soldier here has a new vineyard, but has not yet harvested its grapes, he should go back to his house” DEU 20 6 tal6 figs-hypo 0 so he will not die in battle and another man enjoy its fruit The officer is describing a situation that could possibly happen to a soldier. Alternate translation: “so that, if he dies in battle, another man will not harvest its fruit instead of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) DEU 20 7 n1rz 0 What man is there who is engaged to marry a woman … Let him go home Alternate translation: “If any soldier here has promised to marry a woman, but has not yet married her, he should go back to his house” DEU 20 7 c3bq figs-hypo 0 so that he does not die in battle and another man marries her The officer is describing a situation that could possibly happen to a soldier. Alternate translation: “so that, if he dies in battle, another man does not marry her instead of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) DEU 20 8 q7ui 0 General Information: Moses continues describing situations that allow a man to leave the military. DEU 20 8 bjh6 0 What man is there who is fearful or fainthearted? Let him go and return to his house Alternate translation: “If any soldier here is afraid and not brave, he should go back to his house” DEU 20 8 xs8n figs-doublet 0 fearful or fainthearted Both of these words mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “afraid to fight in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 20 8 vra8 figs-idiom 0 his brother’s heart does not melt like his own heart This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “another Israelite does not become afraid like he is afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 20 8 j8t4 figs-metonymy 0 brother’s heart … his own heart Here “heart” represents a person’s courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 20 9 bl8n 0 they must appoint commanders over them Alternate translation: “the officers must appoint people to be commanders and to lead the people of Israel” DEU 20 10 tgm2 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 20 10 gc68 figs-metonymy 0 When you march up to attack a city Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “When you go to attack the people of a city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 20 10 bde3 0 make those people an offer of peace Alternate translation: “give the people in the city a chance to surrender” DEU 20 11 yd6l figs-metonymy 0 open their gates to you Here “gates” refers to the city gates. The phrase “open their gates to you” represents the people surrendering and allowing the Israelites to enter their city. Alternate translation: “let you enter their city peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 20 11 lru9 figs-activepassive 0 all the people who are found in it If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all the people in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 20 11 pf8b 0 must become forced labor for you Alternate translation: “must become your slaves” DEU 20 12 c8y1 figs-metonymy 0 But if it makes no offer of peace Here “it” refers to the city which represents the people. Alternate translation: “But if the people of the city do not surrender” or “But if the people of the city do not accept your offer of peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 20 14 hl2w 0 the little ones Alternate translation: “the children” DEU 20 14 h4ld 0 all its spoil Alternate translation: “all the valuable things” DEU 20 14 yev9 0 booty These are the valuable things which people who win a battle take from the people they attacked. DEU 20 15 yvw9 figs-metonymy 0 all the cities Here “cities” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people who live in cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 20 16 n8lj 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 20 16 wi9a figs-metaphor 0 In the cities of these peoples that Yahweh your God is giving you as an inheritance The cities in Canaan that Yahweh is giving to the people is spoken of as if the cities were the people’s inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 20 16 ql5j figs-litotes 0 you must save alive nothing that breathes Alternate translation: “you must not let any living thing stay alive.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you must kill every living thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) DEU 20 17 v49s 0 you must completely destroy them Alternate translation: “you must completely destroy these people groups” DEU 20 18 kl2b 0 Do this so that they Alternate translation: “Destroy these nations so that they” DEU 20 18 ya8k 0 to act in any of their abominable ways … their gods Alternate translation: “to act in abominable ways like the people in these nations have done with their gods” DEU 20 18 i63g 0 If you do, you will sin against Yahweh your God Alternate translation: “If you act like these people, you will sin against Yahweh your God” DEU 20 19 lcz9 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 20 19 sqm5 0 wage war Alternate translation: “fight in a war” DEU 20 19 sg5n 0 by wielding an ax against them Alternate translation: “by cutting down the trees with an ax” DEU 20 19 m55u figs-rquestion 0 For is the tree of the field a man whom you should besiege? This rhetorical question is to remind the people of what they should already know. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “For fruit trees are not people, so they are not your enemy.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 20 20 gis7 0 you know are not trees for food Alternate translation: “you know are not trees that grow fruit to eat” DEU 20 20 czc4 0 siege works These are tools and structures, such as ladders and towers, that are needed to lay siege to a city. DEU 20 20 g9ny figs-idiom 0 until it falls This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “until the people of the city lose the war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 20 20 fdg1 figs-metonymy 0 it falls Here “it” refers to the city which represents the people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 21 intro qfb6 0 # Deuteronomy 21 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Elders<br>Older men were required to lead the people of Israel and help to administer justice. These men would function as judges, which would later become a more official position. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>### Peace in Israel<br>The rules and instructions in this chapter help to ensure peace in Israel. This is not a military peace. Instead, it is about establishing peace within Israel and among the people. DEU 21 1 g61z 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. DEU 21 1 z641 figs-activepassive 0 If someone is found killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If someone finds a person whom someone else has killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 21 1 iqh7 0 lying in the field The dead person is lying in the field. DEU 21 1 w5dt figs-activepassive 0 it is not known who has attacked him If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “nobody knows who attacked him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 21 2 p5xl 0 they must measure to the cities Alternate translation: “they must measure the distance to the cities” DEU 21 2 kj57 figs-activepassive 0 him who has been killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “him whom someone has killed” or “the dead body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 21 3 qle9 0 has not borne the yoke Alternate translation: “has not worn a yoke” DEU 21 4 c4aq figs-idiom 0 running water This is an idiom for water that is moving. Alternate translation: “a stream” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 21 4 cc7w figs-activepassive 0 a valley that has been neither plowed nor sown If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a valley where nobody has plowed the ground or planted seeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 21 5 lut7 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 21 5 k6ht 0 must come forward Alternate translation: “must come to the valley” DEU 21 5 f1vj 0 for Yahweh your God has chosen them to serve him Alternate translation: “because the priests are the ones whom Yahweh your God has chosen to serve him” DEU 21 5 et1i figs-you 0 Yahweh your God Moses speaks to the Israelites as if he were speaking to one man, so the word “your” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 21 5 gjj4 0 give blessing Alternate translation: “bless the people of Israel” DEU 21 5 dtv4 figs-metonymy 0 in the name of Yahweh Here the metonym “in the name of” refers to Yahweh and his authority. Alternate translation: “as one who says and does what Yahweh himself would say and do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 21 5 d9ju 0 Yahweh and to decide every case of dispute and assault by their word Alternate translation: “Yahweh, and they will be the ones who settle all disagreements and cases of violence” DEU 21 6 m3db 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 21 6 sd84 figs-activepassive 0 the heifer whose neck was broken If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the heifer whose neck the priests broke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 21 7 f8zq 0 they must answer to the case Alternate translation: “they must testify to Yahweh about this case” DEU 21 7 hzz3 figs-synecdoche 0 Our hands have not shed this blood Here “hands” are a synecdoche for the whole person and “shed this blood” is a metonym for killing an innocent person. Alternate translation: “We did not kill this innocent person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 21 7 p19h figs-synecdoche 0 neither have our eyes seen it Here “eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “and we did not see anyone kill this person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 21 8 n8mm figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the elders what they should say when they wash their hands over the heifer. He speaks to them as if he were speaking to one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 21 8 zi6q figs-metaphor 0 whom you have redeemed Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves in Egypt is spoken of as if Yahweh paid money to redeem his people from slavery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 21 8 h6er figs-idiom 0 do not put guilt for innocent bloodshed in the midst of your people Israel This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “do not treat your people Israel as if they are guilty of killing an innocent person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 21 8 ay2y figs-activepassive 0 Then the bloodshed will be forgiven them If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh will forgive his people Israel for the death of an innocent person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 21 9 jt76 0 you will put away the innocent blood from your midst Alternate translation: “you will not be guilty any more of killing an innocent person” DEU 21 9 xm7q figs-metaphor 0 what is right in the eyes of Yahweh The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what is right in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 21 10 wt6l figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 21 10 l9ii 0 you go out Alternate translation: “you who are soldiers go out” DEU 21 11 bd8u 0 you have a desire for her Use a polite phrase for “you want to sleep with her.” DEU 21 11 s5ud 0 wish to take her for yourself as a wife Alternate translation: “want to marry her” DEU 21 12 jv5u 0 she will shave her head Alternate translation: “she will shave the hair off of her head” DEU 21 12 z3hf 0 cut her nails Alternate translation: “cut her fingernails” DEU 21 13 vnh6 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 21 13 b55v figs-explicit 0 she will take off the clothes she was wearing She will do this after the man brings her to his house and when she shaves her head and cuts her fingernails and toenails as mentioned in [Deuteronomy 21:12](../21/12.md). The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “she will take off the clothes of her people and put on Israelite clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 21 13 b4yf figs-activepassive 0 when she was taken captive If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when you took her captive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 21 13 r21s 0 a full month Alternate translation: “an entire month” or “a whole month” DEU 21 13 r54x figs-euphemism 0 After that you may lie with her This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “After that you may have sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) DEU 21 14 ft5h figs-explicit 0 But if you take no delight in her You may need to make explicit that the man sleeps with the woman. Alternate translation: “But if you sleep with her and then decide that you do not want her as your wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 21 14 m4xj 0 let her go where she wishes Alternate translation: “let her go wherever she wants to go” DEU 21 14 p6ul 0 because you have humiliated her Alternate translation: “because you shamed her by sleeping with her and then sending her away” DEU 21 15 s91j 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 21 15 v2gp figs-activepassive 0 one is loved and the other is hated If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: This could mean: (1) “the man loves one of his wives and he hates the other wife” or (2) “the man loves one wife more than he loves the other wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 21 15 jg5e figs-activepassive 0 if the firstborn son is of her that is hated If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if the firstborn son belongs to the wife whom the man hates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 21 16 f8q7 0 then on the day that the man Alternate translation: “when the man” DEU 21 16 ym4g 0 the man causes his sons to inherit what he possesses Alternate translation: “the man gives his possessions to his sons as an inheritance” DEU 21 16 zf5n 0 he may not make the son of the beloved wife the firstborn before the son of the hated wife Alternate translation: “he may not treat the son of the beloved wife as if he were the firstborn instead of the son of the hated wife” DEU 21 17 jb7c 0 a double portion Alternate translation: “twice as much” DEU 21 17 njj9 figs-idiom 0 that son is the beginning of his strength This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that son is the one who shows that the man can become the father of sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 21 18 a2e9 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 21 18 m9cz figs-metonymy 0 who will not obey the voice of his father or the voice of his mother Here “voice” is a metonym for what a person says. Alternate translation: “who will not obey what his father or mother say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 21 18 k2qr 0 they correct him Alternate translation: “they punish him for his wrongdoing” or “they train and instruct him” DEU 21 19 tfk2 0 must lay hold on him and bring him out Alternate translation: “must force him to come out” DEU 21 20 xgq4 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 21 20 l217 0 This son of ours Alternate translation: “Our son” DEU 21 20 v2fh figs-metonymy 0 he will not obey our voice Here “voice” is a metonym for what a person says or a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “he will not do what we tell him to do” or “he will not obey us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 21 20 pp95 0 a glutton a person who eats and drinks too much DEU 21 20 a7nu 0 a drunkard a person who drinks too much alcohol and gets drunk often DEU 21 21 f1vt 0 stone him to death with stones Alternate translation: “throw stones at him until he dies” DEU 21 21 y2jq figs-nominaladj 0 you will remove the evil from among you The adjective “evil” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) DEU 21 21 eax8 figs-metonymy 0 All Israel The word “Israel” is a metonym for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “All the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 21 21 dpr6 figs-explicit 0 will hear of it and fear The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “will hear about what happened to the son and be afraid that the people will punish them also” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 21 22 bv2t figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 21 22 nh6m 0 If a man has committed a sin worthy of death Alternate translation: “If a man has done something so bad that you need to punish him by killing him” DEU 21 22 h9vx figs-activepassive 0 he is put to death If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you execute him” or “you kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 21 22 hfw9 0 you hang him on a tree This could mean: (1) “after he has died you hang him on a tree” or (2) “you kill him by hanging him on a wooden post” DEU 21 23 y9lb 0 bury him the same day Alternate translation: “bury him on the same day as when you execute him” DEU 21 23 ztq8 figs-activepassive 0 for whoever is hanged is cursed by God If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) “because God curses everyone whom people hang on trees” and (2) “people hang on trees those whom God has cursed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 21 23 i54a 0 do not defile the land by leaving something God has cursed hanging in the tree DEU 22 intro hk1i 0 # Deuteronomy 22 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Order in Israel<br>The instructions in this chapter help to maintain order in this chapter. The people are to have integrity. The people’s sin will result in serious punishment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Virgin woman<br>If a woman was not a virgin, she was not considered to be worth marrying. The man who slept with her was responsible for providing for her since she will not be able to find a husband to provide for her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 22 1 b8pa figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 22 1 j8sq 0 go astray Alternate translation: “walk away from its owner” DEU 22 1 z51n figs-idiom 0 hide yourself from them This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “act as if you do not see them” or “go away without doing anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 22 2 k4ri 0 If your fellow Israelite is not near to you Alternate translation: “If your fellow Israelite lives far away from you” DEU 22 2 x6el 0 or if you do not know him Alternate translation: “or if you do not know who the owner of the animal is” DEU 22 2 lk81 0 it must be with you until he looks for it Alternate translation: “you must keep the animal with you until its owner comes looking for it” DEU 22 3 ez2b figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 22 3 aj2b 0 You must do the same with his donkey Alternate translation: “You must return his donkey in the same way” DEU 22 3 xyi9 0 you must do the same with his garment Alternate translation: “you must return his clothing in the same way” DEU 22 3 hk97 figs-idiom 0 you must not hide yourself This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you must not act as if you do not see that he has lost something” or “you must not go away without doing anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 22 4 zc1c 0 you must surely help him to lift it up again Alternate translation: “you must help your fellow Israelite lift the animal back up onto its feet” DEU 22 5 pz6w 0 General Information: Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 22 5 jd6y 0 what pertains to a man Alternate translation: “men’s clothing” DEU 22 6 ciu1 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 22 6 jzz5 0 bird’s nest a home that birds make for themselves out of sticks, grass, plants, and mud DEU 22 6 j3em 0 with young ones or eggs in it Alternate translation: “with baby birds or eggs in the nest” DEU 22 6 d5x9 0 the mother sitting on the young Alternate translation: “the mother bird is sitting on the baby birds” DEU 22 7 f4iz figs-metaphor 0 prolong your days Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 22 8 yyd6 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 22 8 bt5j 0 a railing for your roof a low fence around the edge of the roof so people will not fall off the roof DEU 22 8 f2cy figs-metonymy 0 so that you do not bring blood on your house Blood is a symbol for death. Alternate translation: “so that it will not be the fault of your household if someone dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 22 8 g9kr 0 if anyone falls from there Alternate translation: “if anyone falls from the roof because you did not make a railing” DEU 22 9 c3ah figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 22 9 de7h figs-metonymy 0 so that the whole harvest is not confiscated by the holy place The words “holy place” is a metonym for the priests who work in the holy place. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that the priests in Yahweh’s holy place do not take away the whole harvest” or “so that you do not defile the whole harvest and the priests do not allow you to use it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 22 9 yx66 0 the yield of the vineyard Alternate translation: “the fruit that grows in the vineyard” DEU 22 11 x3xx 0 wool soft, curly hair that grows on a sheep DEU 22 11 a4tf translate-unknown 0 linen thread made from the flax plant (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) DEU 22 12 f6fs figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 22 12 dlr4 0 fringes threads that are bound together and hang from the end of each corner of the cloak DEU 22 12 r2vr 0 the cloak a long garment that a person wears over his other clothes DEU 22 13 ej5s 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 22 13 bv6z figs-euphemism 0 he goes in to her This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he has sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) DEU 22 14 ir9k 0 then accuses her of shameful things Alternate translation: “then accuses her of having slept with someone before she was married” DEU 22 14 qkl1 figs-abstractnouns 0 puts a bad reputation on her If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **reputation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “makes other people think she is a bad person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 22 14 pd58 figs-euphemism 0 but when I came near to her This is a polite way of saying “to have sexual relations with someone.” Alternate translation: “but when I slept with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) DEU 22 14 l34f 0 I found no proof of virginity in her If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **proof**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “she could not prove to me that she was a virgin” DEU 22 15 m57e 0 General Information: Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 22 15 k5i1 figs-abstractnouns 0 must take proof of her virginity The abstract nouns “proof” and “virginity” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “must take something that proves that she has never had sexual relations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 22 16 vy46 0 General Information: Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 22 17 i7ju figs-explicit 0 he has accused her of shameful things The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “he has accused her of having slept with someone before he married her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 22 17 m954 figs-abstractnouns 0 I did not find in your daughter the proof of virginity The abstract nouns “proof” and “virginity” can be translated as verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “Your daughter could not prove that she has never had sexual relations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 22 17 bhe3 figs-abstractnouns 0 But here is the proof of my daughter’s virginity The abstract nouns “proof” and “virginity” can be translated as verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “But this proves that my daughter has never had sexual relations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 22 17 sdd9 figs-explicit 0 Then they will spread the garment out before the elders of the city The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “And then the mother and father will show the clothing with the bloodstain to the elders as proof that she was a virgin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 22 18 q13n 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 22 19 c6dg 0 they must fine him Alternate translation: “they must make him pay as a punishment” DEU 22 19 j3h6 translate-bmoney 0 one hundred shekels Alternate translation: “100 shekels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 22 19 njg8 0 give them to the father of the girl Alternate translation: “give the money to the father of the girl” DEU 22 19 q46p figs-abstractnouns 0 has caused a bad reputation for a virgin of Israel If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **reputation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “has caused people to think that a virgin of Israel is a bad person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 22 19 w6zh 0 he may not send her away Alternate translation: “never allow him to divorce her” DEU 22 19 sb61 figs-idiom 0 during all his days This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “for his entire life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 22 20 u7al 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 22 20 b2ml 0 But if this thing is true Alternate translation: “But if it is true” or “But if what the man said is true” DEU 22 20 h9vv figs-activepassive 0 that the proof of virginity was not found in the girl If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the man did not find proof that the girl was a virgin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 22 20 ut1j figs-abstractnouns 0 the proof of virginity The abstract nouns “proof” and “virginity” can be translated as verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “something that proves that the girl has never had sexual relations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 22 21 u35w 0 then they must bring out the girl Alternate translation: “then the elders must bring out the girl” DEU 22 21 tr69 0 stone her to death with stones Alternate translation: “throw stones at her until she dies” DEU 22 21 r68j 0 because she has committed a disgraceful action in Israel Alternate translation: “because she has done a disgraceful thing in Israel” DEU 22 21 lq2i 0 to act as a harlot in her father’s house Alternate translation: “acting like a harlot while living in her father’s house” DEU 22 21 n3u5 figs-nominaladj 0 you will remove the evil The adjective “evil” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) DEU 22 22 tr9p figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 22 22 gj36 figs-activepassive 0 If a man is found If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If someone finds a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 22 22 jwc2 figs-euphemism 0 lying with This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “having sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) DEU 22 22 td33 0 and you will remove Alternate translation: “in this way you will remove” DEU 22 23 a6yj figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 22 23 gh34 0 engaged to a man Alternate translation: “who is promised to marry a man” DEU 22 23 qw6x figs-euphemism 0 lies with her This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) DEU 22 24 pa9s figs-you 0 take … and stone These commands are addressed to Israel as a group and so are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 22 24 y57q 0 take both of them Alternate translation: “then you must bring both the girl and the man who slept with her” DEU 22 24 imu5 0 because she did not cry out Alternate translation: “because she did not call for help” DEU 22 24 h5rb figs-explicit 0 because he violated his neighbor’s wife The Israelites at that time thought of a man and woman who had engaged each other for marriage as husband and wife. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “because he slept with a girl who belongs to a fellow Israelite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 22 24 h8jh figs-nominaladj 0 you will remove the evil from among you The adjective “evil” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) DEU 22 25 bbb7 0 the engaged girl a girl whose parents have agreed to let her marry a certain man, but she has not married him yet DEU 22 25 g61l figs-euphemism 0 lies with her This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) DEU 22 25 y33y 0 then only the man who lies with her must die Alternate translation: “then you must only kill the man who lay with her” DEU 22 26 x3q2 0 there is no sin worthy of death in the girl Alternate translation: “you are not to punish her by killing her for what she did” DEU 22 26 xrs6 0 For this case is like when a man attacks his neighbor and kills him Alternate translation: “Because this situation is like the situation when somebody attacks another person and kills him” DEU 22 27 qqe5 0 For he found her in the field Alternate translation: “Because the man found the girl working in the field” DEU 22 28 s17p 0 but who is not engaged Alternate translation: “but whose parents have not promised another man that she will marry him” DEU 22 28 i4cs figs-euphemism 0 lies with her This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) DEU 22 28 m9ah figs-activepassive 0 if they are discovered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if somebody finds out what happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 22 29 tr9z translate-bmoney 0 fifty shekels of silver A shekel weighs eleven grams. Alternate translation: “fifty pieces of silver” or “550 grams of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 22 29 yb82 figs-idiom 0 He may not send her away during all his days This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “He must never divorce her during his entire life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 22 30 hh8b figs-explicit 0 must not take his father’s wife as his own The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “must not marry his father’s former wife, even if she is not his mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 23 intro rn7c 0 # Deuteronomy 23 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The assembly of Yahweh<br>This was probably the corporate worship of Yahweh, when the people would come together to worship him.<br><br>### Racial superiority<br>Yahweh viewed Israel as superior to the other nations of Canaan. In many cultures, this may be seen as immoral. It must be remembered that the instructions of this chapter are very remote from the modern world. These people groups were always sinful and idolatrous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) DEU 23 1 r8v9 0 man injured by crushing or cutting off Alternate translation: “man whose private body parts someone has crushed or cut off” DEU 23 1 z8kb figs-idiom 0 may enter the assembly of Yahweh This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “may be a full member of the Israelite community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 23 2 j67e 0 illegitimate child This could mean: (1) a child born to parents who committed incest or adultery or (2) a child born to a prostitute. DEU 23 2 eh16 translate-ordinal 0 as far as to the tenth generation of his descendants This “tenth” is the ordinal number for ten. Alternate translation: “even after ten generations of the illegitimate child’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) DEU 23 2 i3u2 0 none of them Alternate translation: “none of these descendants” DEU 23 3 zk3j figs-idiom 0 may not belong to the assembly of Yahweh This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “may not be a full member of the Israelite community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 23 3 upu4 translate-ordinal 0 as far as to the tenth generation of his descendants This “tenth”is the ordinal number for ten. Alternate translation: “even after ten generations of his descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) DEU 23 4 sk15 figs-explicit 0 they did not meet you with bread and with water The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “they did not welcome you by bringing you food and drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 23 4 l814 figs-you 0 against you … curse you Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 23 5 nd5k figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 23 5 zpa9 figs-idiom 0 would not listen This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “did not pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 23 5 ag3p 0 turned the curse into a blessing for you Alternate translation: “had him bless you and not curse you” DEU 23 6 nk42 0 You must never seek their peace or prosperity This could mean: (1) “You should never make a peace treaty with the Ammonites and the Moabites” or (2) “You must not do anything to cause things to go well for those 2 people groups to enable them to prosper” . DEU 23 6 nxp6 figs-idiom 0 during all your days This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “as long as you are a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 23 7 erl6 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 23 7 pb1s 0 You must not detest an Edomite Alternate translation: “Do not hate an Edomite” DEU 23 7 p79b 0 for he is your brother Alternate translation: “because he is your relative” DEU 23 7 alf8 0 you must not abhor an Egyptian Alternate translation: “do not hate an Egyptian” DEU 23 8 iwm4 translate-ordinal 0 The descendants of the third generation that are born to them may belong to the assembly of Yahweh This “third” is the ordinal number for three. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “If an Edomite or an Egyptian comes to live in the Israelite community, his grandchildren may become full members of that community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 23 9 ffs3 figs-you 0 When you march out as an army against your enemies, then you must keep yourselves Moses speaks here to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 23 9 v59w 0 against your enemies Alternate translation: “to fight against your enemies” DEU 23 9 m73w 0 keep yourselves from every evil thing Alternate translation: “keep yourselves away from all bad things” DEU 23 10 fmm7 figs-euphemism 0 any man who is unclean because of what happened to him at night This is a polite way of saying that he had an emission of semen. Alternate translation: “any man who is unclean because he had an emission of semen while he was asleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) DEU 23 12 myh9 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 23 13 pw1i 0 you will have something among your tools to dig with Alternate translation: “you should have a tool that you can use to dig with” DEU 23 13 sn2i figs-euphemism 0 when you squat down to relieve yourself This is a polite way of saying to defecate. Alternate translation: “when you squat down to defecate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) DEU 23 13 k6ti 0 you must dig with it Alternate translation: “you must dig a hole with the tool” DEU 23 13 mq5j 0 cover up what has come out from you Alternate translation: “cover up your excrement” DEU 23 14 j9zn 0 so that he may not see any unclean thing among you Alternate translation: “so that Yahweh may not see any unclean thing among you” DEU 23 15 ba2u figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 23 15 cfk6 figs-explicit 0 a slave who has escaped from his master The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “a slave from another country who escaped from his master and came to Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 23 16 c3m8 0 Let him live with you Alternate translation: “Let the slave live among your people” DEU 23 17 kr1e figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 23 17 cmz6 figs-euphemism 0 cultic prostitute … among any of the daughters … among the sons This could mean: (1) Moses openly forbids women and men to perform sexual acts as part of temple service or (2) Moses uses a euphemism to forbid women and men to perform sexual acts to receive money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) DEU 23 18 i3pv 0 You must not bring the wages of a prostitute … into the house Alternate translation: “A woman who earns money as a prostitute must not bring that money … into the house” DEU 23 18 cdx2 0 a dog a man who allows men to have sex with him for money DEU 23 18 p7wu 0 into the house of Yahweh your God Alternate translation: “into the temple” DEU 23 18 nqe5 0 for any vow Alternate translation: “to fulfill a vow” DEU 23 18 dw4f 0 both these the wages of a female prostitute and of a male prostitute. DEU 23 19 ad32 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 23 19 f1z2 0 lend on interest to lend to somebody and force that person to pay back more than was lent DEU 23 19 z4pg 0 interest of money … anything that is lent on interest Alternate translation: “you must not charge interest when you lend somebody money, food, or anything else” DEU 23 20 ubn8 figs-idiom 0 all that you put your hand to This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “all that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 23 21 nbs8 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 23 21 q8a9 0 you must not be slow in fulfilling it Alternate translation: “you must not take a long time to fulfill the vow” DEU 23 21 cns1 0 for Yahweh your God will surely require it of you Alternate translation: “because Yahweh your God will blame you and punish you if you do not fulfill your vow” DEU 23 22 g92k figs-explicit 0 But if you will refrain from making a vow, it will be no sin for you The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “But, if you do not make a vow, you will not sin because you will not have a vow to fulfill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 23 23 d5bw figs-idiom 0 That which has gone out from your lips This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The words you have spoken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 23 23 mp5l 0 according as you have vowed to Yahweh your God Alternate translation: “whatever you have vowed to Yahweh your God that you will do” DEU 23 23 cj72 0 anything that you have freely promised with your mouth Alternate translation: “anything that people have heard you promise to do because you wanted to do it” DEU 23 23 qm3v 0 with your mouth Alternate translation: “so that people heard you say it” DEU 23 24 gy1x figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 23 24 wy4l 0 you may eat as many grapes as you desire Alternate translation: “then you may enjoy eating grapes until you are full” DEU 23 24 ris3 figs-explicit 0 but do not put any in your basket The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “but you may not put any grapes in your bag to take them away with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 23 25 em5k 0 When you go into your neighbor’s ripe grain Alternate translation: “When you walk through your neighbor’s field where there is grain growing” DEU 23 25 v1t5 0 you may pluck the heads of grain with your hand Alternate translation: “then you may eat the kernels of grain with your hand” DEU 23 25 jv7v 0 but do not put a sickle to your neighbor’s ripe grain Alternate translation: “but do not cut down your neighbor’s ripe grain and take it with you” DEU 23 25 q13q 0 sickle a sharp tool that farmers use to harvest wheat DEU 24 intro l5h3 0 # Deuteronomy 24 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br>This chapter continues the teaching about how to maintain justice in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “No man may take a mill or an upper millstone as a pledge”<br>A millstone was the way a person made a living. To take a person’s millstone was to take away the way they earned money and produced food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Lending money<br>Lending money to fellow Israelites was a way to help them out. It was not intended to be a way to make money off their brothers. This chapter gives limitations regarding the lending of money. DEU 24 1 fn1d 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 24 1 t3lr figs-doublet 0 When a man takes a wife and marries her The phrases “takes a wife” and “marries her” mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “When a man marries a woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 24 1 a5ki figs-synecdoche 0 if she finds no favor in his eyes Here the “eyes” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “if he decides that he does not like her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 24 1 bk83 0 because he has found some unsuitable thing in her Alternate translation: “because for some reason he has decided that he does not want to keep her” DEU 24 1 t5b8 0 he must write her a certificate of divorce Alternate translation: “he must give his wife an official paper saying that they are not married anymore” DEU 24 2 s8m8 0 she may go and be another man’s wife Alternate translation: “she may go and marry another man” DEU 24 3 i2hq figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel about a woman who gets a divorce and marries another man. Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 24 3 x5th 0 If the second husband hates her Alternate translation: “If the second husband decides that he hates the woman” DEU 24 3 n5zv 0 certificate of divorce This is an official paper saying that the man and woman are not married anymore. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 24:1](../24/01.md). DEU 24 3 fwe1 0 puts it into her hand Alternate translation: “gives it to the woman” DEU 24 4 pjf5 figs-explicit 0 after she has become impure The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “after she has become unclean by the divorce and remarriage to another man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 24 4 wx6u figs-personification 0 You must not cause the land to become guilty The land is spoken of as if it could sin. Alternate translation: “You must not spread guilt around in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DEU 24 5 k6dj 0 General Information: Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 24 5 kq76 0 When a man takes a new wife Alternate translation: “When a man is newly married to a woman” DEU 24 5 e825 figs-activepassive 0 neither may he be commanded to go on any forced duty If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and no one is to force him to live away from his home and do any kind of work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 24 5 r7e9 0 he will be free to be at home Alternate translation: “he will be free to live at home” DEU 24 6 ug4c 0 mill a tool for making flour by grinding grain in between two heavy discs of stone DEU 24 6 uas9 0 upper millstone the top disc of stone in a mill DEU 24 6 sp1u figs-metonymy 0 for that would be taking a person’s life as a pledge The word “life” is a metonym for what a person needs to keep himself alive. Alternate translation: “because he would be taking from the man what the man needs to make food for his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 24 7 pj12 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 24 7 q93t figs-idiom 0 If a man is found kidnapping This is an idiom for “If a man kidnaps.” It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you find a man kidnapping” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 24 7 mk1d 0 kidnapping using physical force to take an innocent person away from his home and imprison him DEU 24 7 zk84 0 any of his brothers from among the people of Israel Alternate translation: “any of his fellow Israelites” DEU 24 7 e6gc 0 that thief must die Alternate translation: “then other Israelites should kill that thief as a punishment for what he did” DEU 24 7 jx4a figs-nominaladj 0 you will remove the evil from among you The adjective “evil” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) DEU 24 8 xl5c 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 24 8 s2sl figs-you 0 Take heed … you carefully observe Moses speaks to the Israelites here as if they were one man, so the word “you” and the command “take heed” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 24 8 a4y7 0 Take heed regarding any plague of leprosy Alternate translation: “Pay attention if you suffer from leprosy” or “Pay attention if you have leprosy” DEU 24 8 g4nu figs-activepassive 0 every instruction given to you which the priests, the Levites, teach you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all of the instructions that I have given you and that the priests, who are Levites, teach you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 24 8 bq6f figs-you 0 teach you … you will act Moses here speaks to the Israelites as a group, so these instances of the word “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 24 8 ha1s 0 as I commanded them, so you will act Alternate translation: “you must make sure that you do exactly what I have commanded them” DEU 24 8 gr6s 0 commanded them The word “them” refers to the priests, who are Levites. DEU 24 9 dz97 figs-you 0 Call to mind what Yahweh your God Moses speaks to the Israelites here as if they were one man, so the word “your” and the command “call to mind” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 24 9 svp3 figs-you 0 you were coming out Moses here speaks to the Israelites as a group, so the word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 24 9 rhd1 figs-idiom 0 Call to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 24 9 ue24 0 as you were coming out of Egypt Alternate translation: “during the time when you were leaving Egypt” DEU 24 10 g9z2 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 24 10 p9qp 0 When you make your neighbor any kind of loan Alternate translation: “When you loan something to your neighbor” DEU 24 10 dgw3 0 to fetch his pledge Alternate translation: “to take his pledge” DEU 24 10 t462 0 his pledge This refers to what he has promised that he would give you if he did not pay back the loan. DEU 24 11 l4zm 0 You will stand outside Alternate translation: “You should wait outside his house” DEU 24 12 igs8 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 24 12 p99v 0 you must not lie down to sleep with his pledge in your possession Alternate translation: “you must not keep his coat overnight” or “you must return his pledge before you lie down to sleep” DEU 24 12 ub2f 0 his pledge This refers to what he has promised that he would give you if he did not pay back the loan. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 24:10](../24/10.md). DEU 24 13 ak4z 0 restore to him the pledge Alternate translation: “give him back what he has given you to show that he will pay back the loan” DEU 24 13 b8d7 figs-explicit 0 so that he may sleep in his cloak and bless you The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “so that he will have his coat to keep himself warm when he sleeps, and he will be grateful to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 24 13 rg78 0 cloak This is a coat or other clothing that keeps a person warm at night. This was probably the “pledge” Moses was speaking of in [Deuteronomy 24:10-12](./10.md). DEU 24 13 ju2d 0 it will be righteousness for you before Yahweh your God Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will approve of the way you handled this matter” DEU 24 14 wp93 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 24 14 w8gq 0 You must not oppress a hired servant Alternate translation: “You must not treat a hired servant poorly” DEU 24 14 lbh8 0 hired servant a person who gets paid daily for his work DEU 24 14 siq5 figs-doublet 0 poor and needy These two words have similar meanings and emphasize that this is a person who cannot help himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 24 14 pkc6 figs-synecdoche 0 within your city gates Here “city gates” mean towns or cities. Alternate translation: “in one of your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 24 15 msa8 0 Each day you must give him his wage Alternate translation: “You should give the man the money he earns every single day” DEU 24 15 en53 figs-idiom 0 the sun must not go down on this unsettled matter This is an idiom. The Israelites considered the new day as starting when the sun went down. Alternate translation: “you should pay the man on the same day he does the work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 24 15 qhi5 figs-explicit 0 for he is poor and is counting on it The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “because he is poor and depends on his wages to buy his food for the next day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 24 15 e1ry 0 he does not cry out against you to Yahweh Alternate translation: “he does not call out to Yahweh and ask him to punish you” DEU 24 16 f9w8 figs-activepassive 0 The parents must not be put to death for their children If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not execute the parents because of something bad that one of their children did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 24 16 dm6q figs-activepassive 0 neither must the children be put to death for their parents If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language, Alternate translation: “and you must not execute the children because of something bad that their parents did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 24 16 kpm3 figs-activepassive 0 everyone must be put to death for his own sin If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you should only execute a person because of something bad that he did himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 24 17 jt5p figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 24 17 v5c5 figs-metaphor 0 You must not use force to take away the justice that is due the foreigner or the fatherless Moses speaks of justice as if it were a physical object that a stronger person can violently pull away from a weaker person. Alternate translation: “You must not treat a foreigner or the fatherless unfairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 24 17 p5g1 0 fatherless This refers to children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them. DEU 24 17 e6gp figs-explicit 0 nor take the widow’s cloak as a pledge A lender would take something from the borrower to ensure that she would pay him back. He was not allowed to take her coat because she needed it to stay warm. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and do not take a widow’s cloak as a pledge because she needs it to stay warm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 24 18 w91c figs-idiom 0 call to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 24 19 x6d4 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 24 19 t9e2 0 When you reap your harvest in your field Alternate translation: “When you cut down the grain in your field” DEU 24 19 im2p 0 an omer of grain Some versions translate this as “a sheaf.” Either translation refers to stalks of grain, enough to be easily carried, possibly tied in a bundle. DEU 24 19 nzd1 figs-ellipsis 0 it must be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, or for the widow You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “you must leave the sheaf so a foreigner, an orphan, or a widow can take it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) DEU 24 19 xe9h figs-synecdoche 0 in all the work of your hands Here “hands” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “in all the work that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 24 20 e142 figs-ellipsis 0 When you shake your olive tree You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “When you shake the branches of your olive tree, causing the olives to fall to the ground so you can pick them up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) DEU 24 20 e66f 0 you must not go over the branches again Alternate translation: “do not pick every single olive from the tree” DEU 24 20 e3tn figs-ellipsis 0 it will be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, or for the widow You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “the olives that stay on the branches are for foreigners, orphans, and widows to pick and take with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) DEU 24 21 qg17 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 24 21 h98g 0 What is left over will be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, and for the widow Alternate translation: “The grapes that you do not pick will be for the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow to pick” DEU 24 21 qsd7 figs-genericnoun 0 for the foreigner, for the fatherless, and for the widow These refer to groups of people. Alternate translation: “for foreigners, for those who are fatherless, and for the widows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) DEU 24 22 jte9 figs-idiom 0 call to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 25 intro e9vi 0 # Deuteronomy 25 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues to teach about justice in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “A perfect and just weight you must have”<br>In the ancient Near East, money was weighted on a scale. If a persons weight was off, they were robbing people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 25 1 kk1l 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 25 2 m44y figs-activepassive 0 If the guilty man deserves to be beaten If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If the judge orders them to beat the guilty man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 25 2 b3ki figs-activepassive 0 be beaten in his presence If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will watch them beat him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 25 2 iku9 0 with the ordered number of blows, as was his crime Alternate translation: “the number of times he has ordered because of the bad deed he did” DEU 25 3 ytf3 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 25 3 e1n2 translate-numbers 0 The judge may give him forty blows Alternate translation: “The judge may say that they should beat the guilty person 40 times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 25 3 p5e2 0 but he may not exceed that number Alternate translation: “but the judge may not order them to beat him more than 40 times” DEU 25 3 n2km 0 for if he should exceed that number and beat him with many more blows Alternate translation: “because if the judge orders them to beat him many more than 40 times” DEU 25 3 l8ju figs-activepassive 0 then your fellow Israelite would be humiliated before your eyes This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “then the judge would humiliate your fellow Israelite in front of all of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 25 3 s8b7 figs-synecdoche 0 humiliated before your eyes Here the people are represented by their “eyes” to emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: “humiliated, and you would all see it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 25 4 zw1w 0 You must not muzzle the ox Alternate translation: “You must not put something over the mouth of an ox” DEU 25 4 jy42 0 when he treads out the grain while he separates the grain from the chaff by walking on it or dragging heavy wood over it DEU 25 5 w7si 0 General Information: Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 25 5 a1gx 0 If brothers live together This could mean: (1) “If brothers live on the same property” or (2) “If brothers live near each other.” DEU 25 5 e3vx figs-activepassive 0 then the wife of the dead man must not be married off to someone If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then the family of the dead man must not let the widow marry someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 25 5 y2p8 figs-euphemism 0 shall go in to her This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “shall have sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) DEU 25 5 j4zw 0 do the duty of a husband’s brother to her Alternate translation: “do what the brother of a dead husband is supposed to do” DEU 25 6 tf4h figs-metonymy 0 will succeed in the name of that man’s dead brother The word “name” is a metonym for the person’s family line. Alternate translation: “will continue the family line of that man’s dead brother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 25 6 d4l7 figs-metonymy 0 so that his name will not perish from Israel The word “name” is a metonym for the person’s family line. Alternate translation: “so that his family line will not disappear from Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 25 7 clc2 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 25 7 hf36 figs-explicit 0 must go up to the gate to the elders The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “must go up to the city gate where the elders judge cases” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 25 7 v965 figs-metonymy 0 refuses to raise up for his brother a name Here “name” refers to the memory of someone through his descendants. Alternate translation: “refuses to give his brother a son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 25 7 d9aj 0 he will not perform the duty of a husband’s brother to me Alternate translation: “he will not do what a husband’s brother is supposed to do and marry me” DEU 25 8 sx4h 0 I do not wish to take her Alternate translation: “I do not wish to marry her” DEU 25 9 wrp9 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 25 9 d6jx 0 must come up to him in the presence of the elders Alternate translation: “must walk up close to him with the elders there watching” DEU 25 9 e9kq figs-metonymy 0 who does not build up his brother’s house Here “house” is a metonym for the family. Alternate translation: “who does not give his brother a son and continue his brother’s family line” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 25 10 py4m 0 His name will be called in Israel Alternate translation: “People in Israel will know his family as” DEU 25 10 hsh9 figs-explicit 0 The house of him whose sandal has been taken off Here removing the sandal symbolizes that the brother would not receive any of the property of his dead brother. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The house of him whose sandal his brother’s widow took off his foot” or “The family of a man who did not marry the wife of his dead brother” or “The family whom everyone despises” or “The family who is shameful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 25 11 qu3t figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 25 11 fd81 figs-metonymy 0 out of the hand of him who struck him Here “hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “so the one who struck him will not strike him again” or “from the man who hit him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 25 12 lc9r figs-synecdoche 0 your eye must have no pity Here “eye” means the whole person. Alternate translation: “you should not feel sorry for her” or “you must not show her mercy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 25 13 m4mm figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 25 13 bt47 figs-explicit 0 You must not have in your bag different weights, a large and a small The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. You can also make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “You must not cheat people by using a weight that is larger than you say it is when you buy things and by using a weight that is smaller than you say it is when you sell things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) DEU 25 13 q2yv 0 weights Weights were stones used on a balance to determine how much something weighs DEU 25 14 bt5b figs-explicit 0 You must not have in your house different measures, a large and a small The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. You can also make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “You must not cheat people by using a measure that is larger than you say it is when you buy things and by using a measure that is smaller than you say it is when you sell things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) DEU 25 14 n9g6 0 measures A measure was a basket or other container for measuring how much there is of something. DEU 25 15 q2jf figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel about using fair weights and measures when buying and selling. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 25 15 emm1 0 A perfect and just Alternate translation: “A correct and fair” DEU 25 15 h3e2 0 weight … measure See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 25:13](../25/13.md). DEU 25 15 lu1x figs-idiom 0 your days may be long This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you may live for a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 25 16 xsn1 0 For all who do such things, all that act unrighteously Alternate translation: “because everyone who cheats people by using different sized weights and measures” DEU 25 17 za5v figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 25 17 fs1s figs-idiom 0 Call to mind what Amalek did to you This is an idiom, and “Amalek” is a metonym for the Amelikite people. Alternate translation: “Remember what the Amalekites did to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 25 17 y9yn figs-you 0 as you came out The word “you” here is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 25 18 yp1n 0 how he met you on the road Alternate translation: “how they met you along the way” DEU 25 18 h41g 0 attacked those of you at the rear Alternate translation: “attacked those of your people who were in the back of the line” DEU 25 18 f2uv 0 all who were feeble in your rear Alternate translation: “all the people who were weak in the back of the line” DEU 25 18 bv3r figs-doublet 0 faint and weary These words have similar meanings and emphasize how tired the people were. Alternate translation: “tired and exhausted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 25 18 ig25 figs-explicit 0 he did not honor God The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “he was not afraid of God’s punishment” or “he did not respect God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 25 19 gv8d 0 you must blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven Alternate translation: “you must kill all of the Amalekites so that nobody will remember them anymore” DEU 26 intro t97p 0 # Deuteronomy 26 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter recalls the great events of Israel’s history when Yahweh brought them out of Egypt. DEU 26 1 yl9f figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 26 2 epa3 translate-ordinal 0 some of the first of all the harvest Alternate translation: “some of the first fruits of the harvest” or “some of the first crops of the harvest.” This “first” is the ordinal number for one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) DEU 26 3 wq9z figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 26 5 u2nt figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 26 5 tpv8 0 My ancestor was a wandering Aramean This is the beginning of the statement that the Israelite male should make when bringing his basket. DEU 26 5 tq54 0 a wandering Aramean This refers to Jacob, who was the ancestor of all the Israelites. He lived for many years in Aram-Nahairam, a region located in Syria. DEU 26 5 k6c8 0 stayed there Alternate translation: “lived the rest of his life there” DEU 26 5 fi9k figs-metonymy 0 There he became The word “he” is a metonym for “Jacob’s descendants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 26 5 bu5w figs-doublet 0 a great, mighty These words mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that Israel became a large and powerful nation. Alternate translation: “very great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 26 6 i527 0 General Information: This continues what the Israelite must say when he brings his first crops to Yahweh. DEU 26 6 ujn6 figs-doublet 0 treated us badly and afflicted us These two phrases say basically the same thing. They emphasize that the Egyptians acted very harshly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 26 6 c31y figs-exclusive 0 treated us Here “us” refers to the people of Israel that were living in Egypt. The speaker includes himself as one of the people whether he lived in Egypt or not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) DEU 26 7 yr33 figs-metonymy 0 he heard our voice Here “voice” refers to the whole person and his cries or prayers. Alternate translation: “he heard our cries” or “he heard our prayers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 26 7 g82f 0 our affliction, our labor, and our oppression Alternate translation: “that the Egyptians were afflicting us, that we were doing very hard work, and that the Egyptians were oppressing us” DEU 26 8 c2ae 0 General Information: This continues what the Israelite must say when he brings his first crops to Yahweh. DEU 26 8 bl9x figs-exclusive 0 Yahweh brought us Here “us” refers to the people of Israel that were living in Egypt. The speaker includes himself as one of the people whether he lived in Egypt or not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) DEU 26 8 qdu1 figs-metaphor 0 with a mighty hand, with an outstretched arm Here “a mighty hand” and “an outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahweh’s power. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “by showing his mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 26 8 r6wp 0 with great fearsomeness Alternate translation: “with acts that terrified the people who saw them” DEU 26 9 e5yf 0 a land that flows with milk and honey This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming” DEU 26 10 w7qd figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues telling the Israelites what they must say when they bring theire first crops to Yahweh. He speaks to them as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 26 10 i91e 0 first of the harvest Alternate translation: “first fruits of the harvest” or “first crops of the harvest” DEU 26 10 w4db 0 You must set it down Alternate translation: “You must set the basket down.” DEU 26 11 n6y8 0 you must rejoice in all the good that Yahweh your God has done for you Alternate translation: “you must rejoice and be grateful for all the good things that Yahweh your God has done for you” DEU 26 12 m35u figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 26 12 hy2p translate-ordinal 0 in the third year This “third” is the ordinal number for three. Every three years the people of Israel gave a tenth of the harvest to the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) DEU 26 12 whv6 0 fatherless These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them. DEU 26 12 qtq6 0 widow This means a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her now that she is old. DEU 26 12 w7jj figs-synecdoche 0 eat within your city gates and be filled Here “gates” means towns or cities. Alternate translation: “so that those within your towns may have enough food to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 26 13 m9iv 0 I have brought out of These are the first words of another statement that the Israelite was supposed to say. DEU 26 13 br99 0 neither have I forgotten them This means that he has obeyed all of God’s commandments. DEU 26 14 ptc4 0 General Information: This continues what the Israelite must say to Yahweh when he gives his tithe to the poor. DEU 26 14 u6sj 0 I have not eaten any of it in my mourning Alternate translation: “I have not eaten any of the tithe while I was mourning” DEU 26 14 at8m figs-explicit 0 when I was impure Here “impure” means the person is unclean according to the Law. God does not allow an unclean person to touch the tithe he is giving to God. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “when I was unclean according to the Law” or “when the law says I cannot touch it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 26 14 i6zz figs-metonymy 0 I have listened to the voice of Yahweh my God; I have obeyed everything you have commanded me to do Here “voice of Yahweh” is a metonym for what Yahweh says. Both statements share similar meanings. They emphasize that the person has obeyed all of God’s commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 26 15 q1e2 figs-doublet 0 from the holy place where you live, from heaven These two phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “from heaven, your holy dwelling place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 26 15 y7c5 0 a land flowing with milk and honey This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming” DEU 26 16 q8i6 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 26 16 lvb6 figs-metonymy 0 with all your heart and with all your soul Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 26 17 v3dx figs-parallelism 0 that you will walk in his ways and keep his statutes, his commandments, and his decrees, and that you will listen to his voice The words “walk,” “keep,” and “listen” have similar meanings here. Here “voice” refers to what God has said. Alternate translation: “that you will completely obey everything Yahweh commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 26 18 c7hk figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 26 18 wri1 0 a people who are his own possession Alternate translation: “a people who belong to him” DEU 26 19 q8jb figs-idiom 0 he will set you high above This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he will make you more important than” or “he will make you greater than” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 26 19 p58x 0 he will set you high above all the other nations that he has made, and you will receive praise, fame, and honor This could mean: (1) “he will cause you to become greater than any other nation that he has established, and he will enable you to praise him and honor him” or (2) “he will have people praise you more than they praise every other nation that he has made; people will say that you are better than any other nation, and they will honor you.” DEU 26 19 lg4i figs-metaphor 0 You will be a people that is set apart to Yahweh your God Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will set you apart from other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 27 intro uy69 0 # Deuteronomy 27 General Notes<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “May the man be cursed”<br>This phrase is repeated several times in this chapter. This parallelism serves as a warning to the Israelites when they will live in the Promised Land. This is part of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) DEU 27 1 mu7e figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted, the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 27 1 ya1q figs-you 0 command you today Moses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so the word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 27 1 g7rq 0 I command Here “I” refers to Moses. The elders are there in agreement with Moses, but he is the only one speaking. DEU 27 2 yul5 figs-you 0 you will pass Moses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so the word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 27 2 c7s3 figs-explicit 0 plaster them with plaster Plaster is usually a mixture of lime, sand, and water that is spread on something. It dries to form a hard, smooth surface on which a person can write. Alternate translation: “spread plaster on them” or “make them so you can write on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 27 3 yd13 figs-idiom 0 a land flowing with milk and honey This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 27 4 rjy8 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 27 4 l6gl figs-you 0 you have passed … set up … I am commanding you Moses is addressing the Israelites as a group, so the instances of “you” and the command “set up” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 27 4 gk8x 0 plaster them with plaster Alternate translation: “spread plaster on them” or “make them so you can write on them.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:2](../27/02.md). DEU 27 4 vvi2 0 Mount Ebal This is a mountain near Shechem. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 11:29](../11/29.md). DEU 27 5 ebq3 figs-explicit 0 you must raise no iron tool to work the stones This refers to the chisels that would make the stones smoother, in order that they might fit together better. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “you will not shape the altar stones with iron tools” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 27 6 c115 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 27 6 y47u 0 unworked stones stones in their natural shape that no one has shaped with metal tools DEU 27 8 fa2n 0 write on the stones This refers to the stones they were to set up on Mount Ebal and cover with plaster. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:2](../27/02.md) and [Deuteronomy 27:4](./04.md). DEU 27 9 dv5w figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 27 10 q49w figs-metonymy 0 obey the voice of Yahweh your God Here the metonym “voice of Yahweh” refers to what he says. Alternate translation: “obey what Yahweh your God says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 27 10 f9l6 0 I am commanding Moses is commanding. The Levites are there in agreement with Moses, but he is the only one speaking. DEU 27 12 p66t figs-metonymy 0 These tribes Here the metonym “tribes” refers to the people from the tribes of Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “The people from these tribes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 27 12 s7rz 0 Mount Gerizim A small mountain north of Mount Ebal. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 11:29](../11/29.md). DEU 27 12 rsu5 0 Joseph This combines the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, who were descendants of Joseph. DEU 27 13 ax7s 0 Mount Ebal See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 11:29](../11/29.md). DEU 27 13 p9b6 0 pronounce curses Alternate translation: “say in a loud voice how Yahweh will curse Israel” DEU 27 15 pp2u figs-activepassive 0 May the man be cursed … sets it up in secret This is the statement the Levites must shout to all the people of Israel. It may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the person … sets it up in secret” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 27 15 ne2d figs-idiom 0 the work of the hands of a craftsman This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “something a man has made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 27 15 jjw2 0 craftsman a man who knows how to make things well DEU 27 16 m7ef 0 General Information: Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. DEU 27 16 igu1 figs-activepassive 0 May the man be cursed This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 27 17 api7 figs-explicit 0 who removes his neighbor’s landmark The full meaning of the statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “who takes land away from his neighbor by moving the markers on the borders of his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 27 18 s55n 0 General Information: Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. DEU 27 18 f4in figs-activepassive 0 May the man be cursed This may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](../27/16.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 27 19 b9gc figs-metaphor 0 uses force to take away the justice due to a foreigner … widow Moses speaks of justice as if it were a physical object that a stronger person can violently pull away from a weaker person. Your language might have one word that means “use force to take away.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 24:17](../24/17.md). Alternate translation: “treats a foreigner … widow unfairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 27 19 ed5u 0 fatherless These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them. DEU 27 19 cnk8 0 widow This means a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age. DEU 27 20 fzq9 0 General Information: Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. DEU 27 20 s47r figs-activepassive 0 May the man be cursed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](../27/16.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 27 20 szg5 0 his father’s wife This does not refer to the man’s mother, but another wife of his father. DEU 27 20 jzl8 figs-explicit 0 he has taken away his father’s rights When a man marries a woman, only he has the legal right to sleep with her. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. Alternate translation: “he has taken away his father’s legal rights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 27 22 p8ac 0 General Information: Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. DEU 27 22 zer5 figs-activepassive 0 May the man be cursed This may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](../27/16.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 27 22 rhp9 0 the daughter of his father, or with the daughter of his mother This means a man cannot sleep with his sister, even if she has a different mother or father. DEU 27 24 q772 0 General Information: Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. DEU 27 24 n57s figs-activepassive 0 May the man be cursed This may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](../27/16.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 27 26 mmv3 0 General Information: Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say. DEU 27 26 z9xa figs-activepassive 0 May the man be cursed This may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](../27/16.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 intro f2wv 0 # Deuteronomy 28 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Blessings and warnings<br>This chapter explains some of the blessings and warnings associated with Israel’s obedience to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) DEU 28 1 cg2q figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 1 f13g figs-metonymy 0 to the voice of Yahweh your God Here the metonym “voice of Yahweh” refers to what he says. Alternate translation: “to what Yahweh your God says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 28 1 nmq7 0 so as to keep Alternate translation: “and obey” DEU 28 1 gb5d figs-metaphor 0 set you above Moses speaks of being important or being great as if it were being physically higher, as on a higher hill. Alternate translation: “make you more important than” or “make you greater than” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 28 2 w8tx figs-metaphor 0 All these blessings will come on you and overtake you Moses describes the blessings as a person who would attack them by surprise or chase and catch them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless you like this in ways that will completely surprise you, and it will be as if you cannot escape having him bless you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DEU 28 3 wiv2 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 3 uv27 figs-activepassive 0 Blessed will you be If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 3 z33g figs-merism 0 in the city … in the field This merism means that Yahweh will bless them everywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) DEU 28 4 t3s8 figs-idiom 0 the fruit of your body, and the fruit of your ground, and the fruit of your beasts These idioms for “your children, and your crops, and all your animals” form a merism for everything the Israelites valued. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) DEU 28 4 t45f figs-doublet 0 the fruit of your beasts, the increase of your cattle, and the young of your flock This doublet is three ways of saying that Yahweh will make the Israelites’ animals many and strong. Alternate translation: “all of your animals along with the calves of the cattle and the lambs of the flocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 28 5 w512 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 5 mk51 figs-activepassive 0 Blessed will be If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 5 lu31 figs-metonymy 0 your basket and your kneading trough Israelites used a basket to carry grain. A “kneading trough” was a bowl they used to mix the grain and make bread. Alternate translation: “all the food you grow and all the food you eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 28 6 cm5f figs-merism 0 when you come in … when you go out This merism refers to all of life’s activities everywhere they go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) DEU 28 7 ky89 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 7 p5y5 figs-activepassive 0 cause your enemies who rise up against you to be struck down before you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “cause you to defeat the armies that attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 7 u7a7 0 but will flee before you seven ways Alternate translation: “but they will run away from you in seven directions” DEU 28 7 x6u8 figs-idiom 0 seven ways This is an idiom. The actual number could be more or less than seven. Alternate translation: “in many different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 28 8 ppz6 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh will command the blessing to come on you in your barns Moses describes Yahweh blessing the Israelites as if Yahweh were commanding a person to attack them by surprise. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh blesses you, you will be surprised by how much grain you have in your barns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DEU 28 8 r2ab figs-idiom 0 in all that you put your hand to This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “in everything you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 28 9 xw3n figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 9 a5t2 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh will establish you as a people that is set apart for himself Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh put them in a place different from the place all other nations live in. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will make you a holy people that belongs to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 28 10 k3wc figs-metonymy 0 you are called by the name of Yahweh Here the metonym “called by the name of Yahweh” means belonging to him. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has called you his own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 11 jw4n figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 11 i27w figs-idiom 0 in the fruit of your body, in the fruit of your cattle, in the fruit of your ground This is an idiom. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 28:4](../28/04.md). Alternate translation: “with children, animals, and crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 28 12 rc3i figs-metaphor 0 his storehouse of the heavens Moses speaks of the clouds from which the rain falls as if they were a building where he stores the rain. Alternate translation: “the clouds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 28 12 x3c1 0 at the right time Alternate translation: “when the crops need it” DEU 28 12 lb4j figs-synecdoche 0 all the work of your hand The word “hand” is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “all the work that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 28 13 czu1 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 13 am9q figs-metaphor 0 the head, and not the tail This metaphor describes the nation of Israel as an animal and means the Israelites will always be the leaders over other nations and never the servants following behind them. The Israelites will be superior in power, money, and honor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 28 13 yc2s 0 will be only above … will never be beneath The Israelites will rule over others but never have others rule them. DEU 28 13 dhn1 figs-you 0 I am commanding you Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so the word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 14 ce8r figs-metaphor 0 if you do not turn away from any of the words that I am commanding you today, to the right hand or to the left, so as to go after other gods to serve them Disobeying Yahweh and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if a person physically turned and went in a different direction from Yahweh’s words. Alternate translation: “if you do not disobey what I am commanding you today by serving other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 28 15 k4bm figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 15 hi33 0 But if Here Moses starts describing the curses the people will receive if they disobey. DEU 28 15 x89v figs-metonymy 0 the voice of Yahweh your God Here the metonym “voice of Yahweh” means what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh your God is saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 28 15 g8p4 figs-metaphor 0 then all these curses will come on you and overtake you Moses describes the curses as a person who would attack them by surprise or chase and catch them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will curse you like this in ways that will completely surprise you, and it will be as if you cannot escape having him curse you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DEU 28 15 xl16 0 come on you and overtake you See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:2](../28/02.md). DEU 28 16 gl2a figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 16 nf28 figs-activepassive 0 Cursed will you be If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will curse you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 16 rs5i figs-merism 0 in the city … in the field This merism means that Yahweh will bless them everywhere. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:3](../28/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) DEU 28 17 ii5p figs-metonymy 0 your basket and your kneading trough The Israelites used a basket to carry grain. A “kneading trough” was a bowl they used to mix the grain and make bread. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:5](../28/05.md). Alternate translation: “all the food you grow and all the food you eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 28 18 k7ip figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 18 nhd7 figs-activepassive 0 Cursed will be If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will curse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 18 ewg6 figs-idiom 0 the fruit of your body, the fruit of your ground This is an idiom for “your children, your crops.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:4](../28/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 28 18 xsg2 figs-doublet 0 the increase of your cattle, and the young of your flock This doublet is two ways of saying that Yahweh will make the Israelites’ animals many and strong. Alternate translation: “the calves of the cattle and the lambs of the flocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 28 19 mk23 figs-merism 0 when you come in … when you go out This merism refers to all of life’s activities everywhere they go. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:6](../28/06.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) DEU 28 20 p97u figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 20 m9t5 0 curses, confusion, and rebukes Alternate translation: “disasters, fear, and frustration” DEU 28 20 bcy3 figs-idiom 0 in all that you put your hand to This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “in everything you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 28 20 srg3 figs-activepassive 0 until you are destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until your enemies destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 20 sy2b 0 forsaken me Here “me” refers to Yahweh. DEU 28 21 sup8 0 cling to you Alternate translation: “remain on you” DEU 28 22 tj8c figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 22 c1zz 0 infectious diseases, with fever, with inflammation Alternate translation: “diseases and burning fevers that will make you weak.” These all refer to diseases that cause people to grow weak and die. DEU 28 22 su4y 0 with drought Alternate translation: “with lack of rain” DEU 28 22 k5ew 0 mildew mold that grows on crops and causes them to rot DEU 28 22 btm2 figs-personification 0 These will pursue you Moses speaks of the bad things that would happen to the Israelites as if they were people or animals who would chase after the Israelites. Alternate translation: “You will suffer from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DEU 28 23 alx9 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 23 xf1q figs-metaphor 0 skies … will be bronze Moses speaks of the skies being like bronze because there will be no rain. Alternate translation: “skies … will give no rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 28 23 eb3i figs-metaphor 0 the earth … will be iron Moses speaks of the earth being like iron because no crops will grow. Alternate translation: “nothing will grow from the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 28 24 uz8n 0 Yahweh will make the rain of your land into powder and dust Alternate translation: “instead of rain, Yahweh will send sandstorms” DEU 28 24 zt41 figs-activepassive 0 until you are destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until it destroys you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 25 b1re figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 25 z7yb figs-activepassive 0 Yahweh will cause you to be struck down before your enemies If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause your enemies to strike you down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 25 yi77 0 to be struck down before See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:7](../28/07.md). DEU 28 25 yfp6 translate-numbers 0 will flee before them seven ways This means the Israelites will be afraid and panic and run away from their enemies. See similar wording in [Deuteronomy 28:7](../28/07.md). Alternate translation: “you will flee in seven directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 28 25 v9pl figs-idiom 0 seven ways This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “in many different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 28 25 k6ms figs-activepassive 0 You will be tossed to and fro among all the kingdoms If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The peoples of the other nations will drive you from one nation to another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 27 wb3q figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 27 q4ig 0 the boils of Egypt Alternate translation: “the same skin disease with which I cursed the Egyptians” DEU 28 27 gf18 0 boils … ulcers, scurvy, and itch These are different types of skin diseases. DEU 28 27 kvf6 figs-activepassive 0 from which you cannot be healed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “from which no one will be able to heal you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 29 we8c figs-simile 0 You will grope about at noonday like the blind grope in the darkness Alternate translation: “You will be like blind people who grope in darkness even at noonday.” The Israelites will have a difficult life even when everyone else is enjoying life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) DEU 28 29 z6va 0 you will be always oppressed and robbed Alternate translation: “stronger people will always oppress and rob you” DEU 28 30 zt5j figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 31 gh8u figs-activepassive 0 Your ox will be slain before your eyes If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will watch as someone kills your ox” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 31 rf3y figs-activepassive 0 your donkey will be forcibly taken away from before you and will not be restored to you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone will take your donkey by force and will not give it back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 31 b24n figs-activepassive 0 Your sheep will be given to your enemies If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give your sheep to your enemies” or “I will allow your enemies to take your sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 32 wy9p figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 32 mic6 figs-activepassive 0 Your sons and your daughters will be given to other peoples If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give your sons and your daughters to other peoples” or “Your enemies will take your sons and daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 32 c24q figs-synecdoche 0 your eyes will look for them the entire day, but will fail with longing for them Here “your eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “you will grow tired as you constantly watch for them and long to see them again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 28 32 lap6 figs-metonymy 0 There will be no strength in your hand Here the metonym “strength in your hand” refers to power. “Alternate translation: “You will be powerless to do anything about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 28 33 xbz3 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 33 db4k figs-metonymy 0 a nation Here the metonym “a nation” means the people from a nation. Alternate translation: “people from a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 28 33 hvh1 figs-doublet 0 you will always be oppressed and crushed The words “oppressed” and “crushed” mean basically the same thing. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will always oppress and crush you” or “they will oppress you continually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 34 f8mx 0 you will become insane by what you have to see happen Alternate translation: “what you see will make you go crazy” DEU 28 35 e9zv figs-activepassive 0 from which you cannot be cured If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that no one will be able to cure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 36 k4cu figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 37 dwn5 figs-doublet 0 of horror, a proverb, and a byword, among all the peoples where Yahweh will lead you away Here the words “proverb” and “byword” mean basically the same thing. This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “of horror. The people, in the places where Yahweh will send you, will make up proverbs and bywords about you” or “of horror. Yahweh will send you to peoples who will laugh at you and ridicule you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 28 37 lz2g 0 byword a word or phrase that people use to shame others DEU 28 38 lcl4 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 38 t8st 0 but will gather little seed in Alternate translation: “but will harvest very little food” DEU 28 40 ht5h figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues describing God’s curses if the people disobey him. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 40 e99r 0 but you will not rub any of the oil on yourself People would rub olive oil on themselves to make their skin healthy. DEU 28 40 fi15 figs-explicit 0 your olive trees will drop their fruit You may need to make explicit that the fruit drops before it is ripe. Alternate translation: “your olive trees will drop their fruit before the fruit is ripe” or “the olives will fall off your olive trees before they are ripe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 28 42 if6w figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 43 cew2 figs-genericnoun 0 The foreigner who is This does not mean a specific foreigner but refers to foreigners in general. Alternate translation: “The foreigners who are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) DEU 28 43 j1wi figs-idiom 0 rise up above you higher and higher; you yourself will come down lower and lower This idiom means foreigners will have more power, money, and honor than the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 28 44 ls98 figs-genericnoun 0 He will … to him This does not mean a specific foreigner (verse 43) but refers to foreigners in general. Alternate translation: “They will … to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) DEU 28 44 wu98 figs-metaphor 0 he will be the head, and you will be the tail This means foreigners will have more power and authority than the Israelites. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 28:13](../28/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 28 45 lv3p figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 45 l54e figs-metaphor 0 All these curses will come on you and will pursue and overtake you until you are destroyed Moses describes the curses as a person who would attack them by surprise or chase and catch them. See how you translated something similar in [Deuteronomy 28:2](../28/02.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh will curse you like this in ways that will completely surprise you, and it will be as if he is chasing you and you cannot escape having him curse you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DEU 28 45 sp9j figs-metonymy 0 to the voice of Yahweh your God Here the words “voice of Yahweh” are a metonym for what Yahweh said. Alternate translation: “to what Yahweh your God said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 28 45 tb8t figs-doublet 0 his commandments and his regulations The words “commandments” and “regulations” are a doublet for “all that Yahweh has commanded you to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 28 47 epc2 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 47 qt75 figs-doublet 0 joyfulness and gladness of heart Here “joyfulness” and “gladness of heart” mean the same thing. They emphasize that the people should have been very glad to worship Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 28 48 y9ia figs-metaphor 0 He will put a yoke of iron on your neck This is a metaphor for Yahweh allowing the enemy to treat the Israelites cruelly and make them slaves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 28 49 b5tt figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 49 yl1h figs-doublet 0 from far away, from the ends of the earth These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the enemy will come from a nation that is very far away from Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 28 49 j169 figs-idiom 0 from the ends of the earth This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “from places that you know nothing about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 28 49 bjy5 figs-simile 0 like an eagle flies to its victim This means the enemy will come suddenly and the Israelites will not be able to stop them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) DEU 28 50 hsb9 figs-metonymy 0 a nation with a fierce face that does not respect the aged and does not show favor The word “nation” is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “a nation whose people have fierce expressions, who do not respect the aged and do not show favor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 28 51 n115 figs-activepassive 0 until you are destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until they destroy you” or “until they leave you with nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 52 e3i5 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues describing the army that will attack the Israelites if they do not obey Yahweh. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 52 x2h9 figs-synecdoche 0 you in all your city gates Here the phrase “city gates” represents a city. Alternate translation: “your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 28 53 vca7 figs-metaphor 0 the fruit of your own body, the flesh of your sons and of your daughters Here “the flesh of your sons and of your daughters” explains the metaphor “the fruit of your own body.” The people will be so hungry after the enemy army surrounds their city that they will eat their own children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 28 53 swr5 figs-metaphor 0 the fruit of your own body This speaks of children as if they were fruit that was produced by the bodies of their parents. Alternate translation: “your own children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 28 54 z4kd figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 54 g9qb 0 who is tender and very delicate among you—he Alternate translation: “who is tender and very delicate among you—even he.” Moses is saying that not only those one would expect to eat their children, but even the last person one would expect to eat his own children will eat his children. DEU 28 55 h7kb figs-synecdoche 0 all your city gates Here “city gates” represents the cities themselves. Alternate translation: “all your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 28 56 x19d figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 56 ayv7 figs-you 0 The tender and delicate woman among you … tenderness—she Alternate translation: “The tender and delicate woman among you … tenderness—even she.” Moses is saying that not only those one would expect to eat their children, but even women of noble birth and normally very gentle, whom one would never expect to eat their children, will eat their children. The word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 56 sw1r figs-hyperbole 0 who would not venture to put the bottom of her foot on the ground for delicateness and tenderness Moses is exaggerating. He is emphasizing that this noble woman is so rich and lives in such luxury that she would not allow herself to get dirty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) DEU 28 56 u5mz figs-abstractnouns 0 for delicateness and tenderness The abstract nouns “delicateness” and “tenderness” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “because she is so delicate and tender” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 28 57 lnt8 figs-synecdoche 0 within your city gates Here “city gates” represents the cities themselves. Alternate translation: “within your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 28 58 x9pf figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 58 sw6h figs-activepassive 0 that are written If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that I have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 58 uak2 figs-metonymy 0 this glorious and fearful name, Yahweh your God Here the metonym “name” refers to Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God who is glorious and awesome” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 28 59 tu25 0 Yahweh will make your plagues terrible, and those of your descendants Alternate translation: “Yahweh will send terrible plagues on you and your descendants” or “Yahweh will make sure that you and your descendants suffer from terrible plagues” DEU 28 60 l1p3 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 60 c4kp figs-idiom 0 He will bring on you again all the diseases of Egypt This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “He will make sure that you again suffer from the diseases of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 28 60 qu7d figs-idiom 0 they will cling to you This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the diseases will not stop, and no one will be able to heal you of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 28 61 ds4x figs-hyperbole 0 every sickness and plague that is not written Here “every” is a generalization that means “many.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “even other sicknesses and plagues that I have not written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 61 p5ww figs-activepassive 0 until you are destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until he has destroyed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 62 l59v figs-you 0 You will be left … you were like … you did not listen Moses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so all instances of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 62 hu58 figs-simile 0 you were like the stars of the heavens in number This means that in the past there were many Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) DEU 28 62 j7ul figs-metonymy 0 to the voice of Yahweh Here the metonym “voice of Yahweh” refers to what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “to what Yahweh says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 28 63 mhe6 figs-you 0 Yahweh once rejoiced over you … multiplying you … rejoice over you in making you perish and in destroying you. You will be plucked Moses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so all instances of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 63 b3je 0 Yahweh once rejoiced over you in doing you good, and in multiplying you Alternate translation: “Yahweh once enjoyed doing you good and causing you to become many” DEU 28 63 eu1a 0 he will rejoice over you in making you perish Alternate translation: “he will enjoy making you die” DEU 28 63 imz8 figs-metaphor 0 You will be plucked off the land that you are going into to possess Moses uses a metaphor to speak of the people as though they were fruit that Yahweh would take off a bush. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will remove you from the land which you are entering to possess” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 28 63 le25 figs-you 0 you are going Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 64 xuc8 figs-you 0 scatter you … you will worship … you have not known … you nor your ancestors Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 64 l3nk figs-merism 0 from the one end of the earth to the other end of the earth These two extremes together mean everywhere on earth. Alternate translation: “throughout the earth” or “all over the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) DEU 28 65 j125 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 65 g15k figs-synecdoche 0 there will be no rest for the bottoms of your feet Here the phrase “the bottoms of your feet” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “you will have to continually wander because you have no permanent home where you can rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 28 65 n83i figs-idiom 0 Yahweh will give you there a trembling heart, failing eyes, and a soul that mourns This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause you to be afraid, without hope, and sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 28 66 ckv2 figs-idiom 0 Your life will hang in doubt before you This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “You will not know whether you will live or die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 28 67 bik8 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 28 67 wac6 figs-idiom 0 because of the fear in your hearts This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “because of the fear you are feeling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 28 67 u1ew figs-synecdoche 0 the things your eyes will have to see Here “eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “the terrifying things I will force you to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 28 68 et6c 0 I had said Here “I” refers to Yahweh. DEU 29 intro if6j 0 # Deuteronomy 29 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a retelling of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses, along with its blessings and cursing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) DEU 29 1 nsu8 0 These are the words that Yahweh commanded Moses to tell This refers to words that Moses is about to speak. DEU 29 1 b8p6 0 in the land of Moab This is on the east side of the Jordan where the Israelites were staying before they entered the land of Canaan. “while they were in the land of Moab” DEU 29 1 b7xy 0 words that were added to the covenant … at Horeb These additional commands were given to make Yahweh’s covenant apply better to the people once they were settled in their new land. These new commands did not belong to a different covenant, but rather were additions to the original covenant. DEU 29 2 ya5p figs-synecdoche 0 You have seen everything that Yahweh did before your eyes Yahweh expected them to remember what Yahweh had done and they had seen it. Here the “eyes” represent the whole person and emphasize what the person has seen. Alternate translation: “You have seen all that Yahweh did so that you would see and remember what he did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 29 2 y1s6 figs-you 0 your eyes Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “your” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 29 3 al38 figs-synecdoche 0 the great sufferings that your eyes saw Here “eyes” emphasizes that Yahweh expected them to remember that they had seen it. Alternate translation: “you saw for yourselves that the people suffered terribly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 29 3 tl81 figs-doublet 0 the signs, and those great wonders The words “signs” and “wonders” both refer to the plagues that Yahweh had sent upon Egypt. Alternate translation: “and all of the powerful things that Yahweh did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 29 4 mh61 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh has not given you a heart to know, eyes to see, or ears to hear The people do have hearts, eyes, and ears. This metonym says that Yahweh has not enabled them to understand from what they saw and heard who Yahweh is, and how and why they should obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 29 4 u59c figs-idiom 0 given you a heart to know This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “enabled you to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 29 5 p5xi 0 I have led you Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 29 5 rbp5 translate-numbers 0 forty years Alternate translation: “40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 29 5 g59z figs-you 0 your sandals … your feet Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “your” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 29 6 cv6m 0 other alcoholic drinks Alcoholic drinks made probably from fermented grains. They were not distilled liquors. DEU 29 7 d31m 0 Sihon, the king of Heshbon, and Og, the king of Bashan See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). DEU 29 7 i2yh figs-exclusive 0 came out against us Here “us” refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) DEU 29 9 ze3j figs-parallelism 0 keep the words of this covenant and do them These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the people were to obey Yahweh’s commands. Alternate translation: “obey all the words of this covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 29 10 it8r 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 29 11 b36y figs-you 0 among you in your camp … your wood … your water Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 29 11 vw3v figs-genericnoun 0 the foreigner who is among you in your camp, from him who cuts your wood to him who draws There were many foreigners among the Israelites. Alternate translation: “the foreigners who are among you in your camp, from those who cut your wood to those who get your water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) DEU 29 12 p568 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 29 12 yb79 0 to enter into the covenant of Yahweh your God and into the oath that Yahweh your God is making with you today Alternate translation: “to agree to the covenant and to swear that you will obey all that Yahweh your God commands” DEU 29 13 nv7p 0 a people for himself Alternate translation: “a people group that belongs to him alone” DEU 29 14 p3sa 0 I am making Here “I” refers to Yahweh. “Yahweh is making” DEU 29 15 sv23 0 standing here with us Here “us” refers to Moses and the people of Israel. DEU 29 15 n738 0 those who are not here Alternate translation: “our future descendants, who are not here” DEU 29 16 ef56 0 we lived Alternate translation: “we were slaves” DEU 29 18 tf4z figs-synecdoche 0 whose heart is turning away today from Yahweh our God Here “heart” refers to the whole person, and “turning away” means to stop obeying. Alternate translation: “who no longer obeys Yahweh our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 29 18 yq9n figs-metaphor 0 any root that produces gall and wormwood Moses speaks of someone who secretly worships another God as if he were a root, and the evil deeds he does to serve that god, and which he encourages others to do, as a bitter plant that poisons people. Alternate translation: “any person who worships idols and causes others to disobey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 29 19 u5ww 0 that person The person described in verse 18. DEU 29 19 ydt9 figs-idiom 0 bless himself in his heart This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “congratulate himself” or “encourage himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 29 19 l8ar figs-idiom 0 though I walk in the stubbornness of my heart This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “even though I still refuse to obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 29 19 rq4s figs-metaphor 0 This would destroy the wet together with the dry Here the words “wet” and “dry” are metaphors for the righteous people and the wicked people. This forms a merism for “everyone.” Alternate translation: “This would cause Yahweh to destroy both the righteous people and the wicked people in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) DEU 29 19 qq8r figs-nominaladj 0 wet … dry These nominal adjectives can be translated as nouns. Because the land was usually dry and the people needed rain so their crops would grow, these words are metaphors for “living … dead” or “good … bad.” Alternate translation: “wet things … dry things” or “good people … bad people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 29 20 zp3x figs-metaphor 0 the anger of Yahweh and his jealousy will smolder Just as a fire can grow in intensity, so can God’s anger and Jealousy grow in intensity. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s jealous anger will grow like a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 29 20 ud3q figs-hendiadys 0 the anger of Yahweh and his jealousy Here the word “jealousy” describes “the anger of Yahweh.” Alternate translation: Yahweh’s jealous anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) DEU 29 20 c39z figs-activepassive 0 that are written If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that I have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 29 20 v4lv figs-metaphor 0 the curses that are written in this book will come on him Moses describes the curses as a person who would attack them by surprise. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 28:15](../28/15.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh will curse him with the curses written in this book in ways that will completely surprise him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DEU 29 20 h57e 0 Yahweh will blot out his name from under heaven This means God will completely destroy the person and his family. In the future people will not remember him. A similar phrase appears in [Deuteronomy 7:24](../07/24.md). DEU 29 22 j9qf 0 The generation to come, your children who will rise up after you The words “your children … after you” tell who “the generation to come” is. DEU 29 23 n8yz 0 when they see that the whole land has become sulfur and burning salt People put sulfur and salt on the soil to keep anything from growing. “when they see that Yahweh has burned the land with sulfur and salt” DEU 29 23 g15s figs-activepassive 0 where nothing is sown or bears fruit If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “where no one can sow seed and the crops do not bear fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 29 23 bw2x 0 like the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **overthrow**, you can express the same idea with a clause. Alternate translation: “as when Yahweh completely destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah” DEU 29 23 j85x translate-names 0 Admah and Zeboyim These are names of cities that Yahweh destroyed along with Sodom and Gomorrah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 29 24 j5xg figs-quotations 0 they will say together with all the other nations … mean? This can be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “they will ask with all the other nations why Yahweh has done this to the land, and what the heat of this great anger means.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) DEU 29 24 z3lu 0 they will say together with all the other nations Alternate translation: “your descendants and the people of all the other nations will say” DEU 29 24 v7xx figs-hendiadys 0 What does the heat of this great anger mean? The writer is communicating one idea through two words. Alternate translation: “What does this terrible anger mean?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) DEU 29 25 j9gr 0 It is because they abandoned the covenant of Yahweh, the God of their ancestors This is the answer to “Why has Yahweh done this to this land?” ([Deuteronomy 29:24](../29/24.md)). “Yahweh has done this to the land because the Israelites did not follow the promises and the laws of his covenant” DEU 29 26 p4qx 0 served other gods and bowed down to them Alternate translation: “obeyed other gods and worshiped them” DEU 29 27 p8ms figs-metaphor 0 the anger of Yahweh has been kindled against this land Moses compares Yahweh being angry to someone starting a fire. This emphasizes God’s power to destroy whatever makes him angry, and it can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has became very angry with this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 29 27 p9t6 figs-metonymy 0 this land, so as to bring on it Here “land” is a metonym representing the people. Alternate translation: “the people of this land, so as to bring on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 29 27 wp7h figs-activepassive 0 that are written If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that I have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 29 28 q4kt figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh has uprooted them from their land … and has thrown them Israel is compared to a bad plant that Yahweh has pulled up and thrown out of a garden. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has removed them from their land … and has forced them to go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 29 28 jz72 figs-doublet 0 in anger, in wrath, and in great fury The words “anger” and “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the great intensity of Yahweh’s anger. Alternate translation: “in extremely great anger” or “because he was extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 29 29 d1e5 0 The secret matters belong alone to Yahweh our God Alternate translation: “Some things Yahweh our God has not revealed, and only he knows them” DEU 29 29 v7va figs-activepassive 0 that are revealed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that he has revealed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 29 29 ui8w 0 we may do all the words of this law Alternate translation: “we may do everything that this law commands us to do” DEU 30 intro yx9f 0 # Deuteronomy 30 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Moses begins to give final instructions to Israel before his death in anticipation of their entrance into the Promised Land. There were warnings and blessings associated with the people’s obedience to the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) DEU 30 1 rkk4 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 30 1 pfr8 figs-idiom 0 When all these things have come on you Here “these things” refer to the blessings and curses described in chapters 28-29. The phrase “have come on you” is an idiom that means to happen. Alternate translation: “When all these things happen to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 30 1 k5mi figs-metaphor 0 that I have set before you This speaks of the blessings and curses that Moses told the people as if they were objects that he set in front of them. Alternate translation: “that I have just now told you about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 30 1 rtn6 figs-idiom 0 call them to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 30 1 qk91 0 among all the other nations Alternate translation: “while you are living in the other nations” DEU 30 1 ug75 0 has driven you Alternate translation: “has forced you to go” DEU 30 2 edl2 figs-metonymy 0 obey his voice Here “voice” is referring to what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 30 2 s239 figs-metonymy 0 with all your heart and with all your soul Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 30 3 m7q5 figs-abstractnouns 0 reverse your captivity Alternate translation: “free you from your captivity.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **captivity**, you can express the same idea with a verbal clause. Alternate translation: “free you from those who had captured you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 30 4 icb7 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 30 4 g129 0 If any of your exiled people are in the farthest places Alternate translation: “Even those of your exiled people who are in the farthest places” DEU 30 4 w6nm 0 under the heavens Alternate translation: “under the sky” or “on the earth” DEU 30 6 iv7f figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 30 6 dul8 figs-metaphor 0 circumcise your heart This is not a literal removal of flesh. It means God will remove their sin and enable them to love and obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 30 6 d25z figs-metonymy 0 with all your heart and with all your soul Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 30 7 n367 figs-metaphor 0 will put all these curses on your enemies Moses speaks of curses as though they were a load or a cover that someone could physically put on top of a person. Alternate translation: “will cause your enemies to suffer from these curses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 30 8 fpp4 figs-metonymy 0 obey the voice of Yahweh Here “voice” means what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “obey what Yahweh says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 30 9 k3dd figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 30 9 ws1q figs-synecdoche 0 the work of your hand Here “hand” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “in all the work you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 30 9 r217 figs-idiom 0 in the fruit of your body … in the fruit of your cattle … in the fruit of your ground These three phrases are idioms for “in children … in calves … in crops.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 28:4](../28/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 30 10 w16u figs-activepassive 0 that are written If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that I have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 30 10 vv69 figs-metonymy 0 with all your heart and all your soul Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 30 11 lxg9 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 30 11 wls8 figs-metaphor 0 neither is it too far for you to reach Moses speaks of being able to understand what a commandment requires a person to do as if it were that person being able to reach a physical object. Alternate translation: “neither is it too difficult for you to understand what Yahweh requires you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 30 12 lu7s figs-rquestion 0 Who will go up for us to heaven and bring it down to us and make us able to hear it, so that we may do it? Here Moses uses a rhetorical question to emphasize that the people of Israel think that Yahweh’s commands are too difficult for them to know. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Someone must travel to heaven to learn God’s commands and then return to tell us what they are so we can obey them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 30 13 nd92 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 30 13 fw31 figs-rquestion 0 Who will go over the sea for us and bring it to us and make us to hear it, so that we may do it? This rhetorical question continues the idea that the people of Israel think Yahweh’s commands are too difficult to know. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Someone must travel across the sea to learn God’s commands and then return and tell us what they are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 30 14 p17g figs-metonymy 0 in your mouth and your heart This means that the people already know God’s commands and can tell them to others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 30 15 m7gm figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 30 15 d23f figs-metaphor 0 I have placed before you Putting something where another person can see it is a metaphor for telling someone about something. Alternate translation: “I have told you about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 30 15 bn6k figs-explicit 0 life and good, death and evil You can make clear the implicit information. Alternate translation: “what is good and will cause you to live, and what is evil and will cause you to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 30 16 jh9g 0 multiply increase greatly in number DEU 30 17 ej9a figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 30 17 a2vl figs-synecdoche 0 if your heart turns away … but instead are drawn away and bow down to other gods and worship them Here “heart” refers to the whole person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if you stop being loyal to God … and the people living in the land convince you to bow down and worship other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 30 18 sr3z figs-you 0 to you today that you … you will not prolong your days Moses speaks to the Israelites as a group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 30 18 ee9y figs-metaphor 0 prolong your days Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 30 19 t3ji figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 30 19 gap6 figs-metonymy 0 I call heaven and earth to witness This could mean: (1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says, or (2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) DEU 30 19 qj9t 0 to witness against you Alternate translation: “to be willing to say that you have done evil things” DEU 30 19 wxe8 figs-you 0 against you today Moses speaks to the Israelites as a group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 30 20 k5mz figs-metonymy 0 obey his voice Here “voice” refers to what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 30 20 sbp2 0 to cling to him Alternate translation: “to rely on him” DEU 30 20 x4gp figs-doublet 0 For he is your life and the length of your days These phrases have the same meaning and are metonyms for Yahweh, emphasizing that he is the one who gives life and determines the length of people’s lifetimes. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the only one who can enable you to live a long life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 30 20 qi8g figs-ellipsis 0 swore to your ancestors The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “swore that he would give to your ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) DEU 31 intro pki9 0 # Deuteronomy 31 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Final instructions<br>In the Ancient Near East, it was common for an important leader to give instructions for his people to follow after his death. In this chapter, Moses begins his final words to the people of Israel. These are words that he wants them to remember long after he is gone. This section also helped to make a smooth transition to Joshua’s leadership. DEU 31 2 mb3i translate-numbers 0 one hundred twenty years old Alternate translation: “120 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 31 2 bvw8 figs-merism 0 I can no more go out and come in Here the extremes “go out” and “come in” used together mean that Moses can no longer do what a healthy person can do. Alternate translation: “I am no longer able to go everywhere that you need to go, so I cannot be your leader any longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) DEU 31 3 ep95 figs-you 0 your God … before you … before you … you will dispossess … before you Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 31 3 cll7 0 you will dispossess them Alternate translation: “you will take their land” DEU 31 3 p8q6 0 Joshua, he will go over before you, as Yahweh has spoken Alternate translation: “Joshua will lead you across the river, as Yahweh promised” DEU 31 4 nu6r 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the Israelites. DEU 31 4 b8wj figs-synecdoche 0 he did to Sihon and to Og, the kings of the Amorites Here “Sihon” and “Og” refer to two Kings of the Amorites and their armies. See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “he did to Sihon and Og, the kings of the Amorites, and to their armies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 31 6 m79v 0 Be strong and of good courage Alternate translation: “Be strong and courageous” DEU 31 6 lr5n 0 fear not, and do not be afraid of them Alternate translation: “do not fear them at all” DEU 31 6 i5mi figs-you 0 Yahweh your God … with you … fail you nor forsake you Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 31 6 b7b9 figs-litotes 0 he will not fail you nor forsake you This can be treated as litotes and translated positively. Alternate translation: “he will always fulfill his promise to you and will always be with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) DEU 31 7 s174 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 31 7 r36v figs-metonymy 0 in the sight of all Israel This means that all of the people of Israel were present. Alternate translation: “in the presence of all the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 31 7 ht4a 0 Be strong and of good courage Alternate translation: “Be strong and courageous.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 31:5](../31/05.md). DEU 31 7 t7sv 0 you will cause them to inherit it Alternate translation: “you will help them take the land” DEU 31 9 a6vj 0 gave it out to the priests, the sons of Levi Alternate translation: “gave it out to the Levites, who are the priests” DEU 31 10 ani6 translate-numbers 0 seven years Alternate translation: “7 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 31 10 sy4p 0 fixed for the cancellation of debts Alternate translation: “for canceling debts” DEU 31 10 d2me 0 Festival of Shelters Other names for this festival are “Feast of Tabernacles,” “Festival of Booths,” and “Feast of the Ingathering.” During harvest, farmers would set up temporary shelters in the field. This festival took place after the last harvest of the year. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 16:13](../16/13.md). DEU 31 11 pt7m figs-you 0 Yahweh your God … you will read - Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 31 11 c11z 0 in their hearing Alternate translation: “so that they can hear it” DEU 31 12 rlg2 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the priests and the elders. DEU 31 12 rtx9 figs-synecdoche 0 your foreigner who is within your city gates Here “city gates” represents the cities themselves. Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the instances of “your” here are singular. Alternate translation: “your foreigners who live in your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 31 12 j1rq 0 keep all the words of this law Alternate translation: “carefully obey all the commands in this law” DEU 31 14 ji2r 0 Look, the Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you. The” DEU 31 15 m71w 0 a pillar of cloud This was a thick cloud of smoke in the shape of an upright column. DEU 31 16 f7i5 0 Look, you Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am going to tell you. You” DEU 31 16 m76m figs-euphemism 0 you will sleep with your fathers This is a polite way to say “you will die.” Alternate translation: “you will die and join your ancestors who have died before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) DEU 31 16 d9q3 figs-metaphor 0 will rise up and act like a prostitute Being a prostitute is a metaphor for worshiping gods other than Yahweh. Alternate translation: “will start to be unfaithful to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 31 17 b1z8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. DEU 31 17 l9kj figs-metaphor 0 my anger will be kindled against them Yahweh compares his anger to someone starting a fire. This emphasizes God’s power to destroy whatever makes him angry. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will kindle my anger against them” or “I will become angry with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 31 17 zg57 figs-idiom 0 I will hide my face from them This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will not help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 31 17 zr99 figs-activepassive 0 they will be devoured If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will devour them” or “I will allow their enemies to devour them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 31 17 sz2f figs-metaphor 0 devoured This is a metaphor for “completely destroyed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 31 17 qw7g figs-personification 0 Many disasters and troubles will find them This describes the disasters and troubles as if they were human. Alternate translation: “They will experience many disasters and troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DEU 31 17 l3ge figs-personification 0 Have these disasters not come upon us … midst? This describes the disasters and troubles as if they were human. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “These disasters are destroying me … midst.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 31 17 m6pv 0 our God is not in our midst Alternate translation: “God is no longer protecting us” or “God has left us alone” DEU 31 19 j9x4 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses about the Israelites. DEU 31 19 h2xq figs-idiom 0 Put it in their mouths This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Make them memorize and sing it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 31 20 i9lu 0 a land flowing with milk and honey This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). DEU 31 21 z4dq figs-personification 0 When many evils and troubles come upon this people Here evils and troubles are described as if they were human and could find people. Alternate translation: “When this people experiences many evils and troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DEU 31 21 x1jh figs-personification 0 this song will testify before them as a witness This speaks of the song as if it were a human witness testifying in court against Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DEU 31 21 tb8b figs-activepassive 0 it will not be forgotten from the mouths of their descendants If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “their descendants will not forget to keep it in their mouths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 31 21 s5je figs-activepassive 0 it will not be forgotten from the mouths of their descendants This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “their descendants will remember to keep it in their mouths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 31 21 fly7 figs-activepassive 0 it will not be forgotten from the mouths of their descendants The idiom “forget it from the mouth” means to stop speaking about it. Alternate translation: “their descendants will not stop speaking about it to each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 31 21 th4p figs-metaphor 0 the plans that they are forming What people plan to do is spoken of as if it were a physical object. Alternate translation: “what they plan to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 31 21 y4kp figs-explicit 0 the land that I promised God’s promise of the land was to give it to the people of Israel. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the land that I promised I would give to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 31 23 g5sl 0 Be strong and of good courage Alternate translation: “Be strong and courageous.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 31:5](../31/05.md). DEU 31 26 f3zd figs-you 0 witness against you Moses speaks to the Levites as if they were one man, so the word “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 31 27 q9j8 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the Levites about all the Israelite people. DEU 31 27 dc8v figs-you 0 your rebellion and your stiff neck Moses speaks to the Levites as if they were one man, so the word “your” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 31 27 e3am 0 your stiff neck See how you translated “stubborn” in [Deuteronomy 9:6](../09/06.md). DEU 31 27 yin7 figs-rquestion 0 how much more after my death? This rhetorical question emphasizes how rebellious the people were. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will be even more rebellious after I die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 31 28 ge9z figs-synecdoche 0 so that I may speak these words in their ears Here “in their ears” means the people themselves. Alternate translation: “so that I may speak the words of this song to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 31 28 rbf8 figs-metonymy 0 call heaven and earth to witness against them This could mean: (1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or (2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. A similar phrase appears in [Deuteronomy 30:19](../30/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) DEU 31 29 h4je 0 you will utterly corrupt yourselves Alternate translation: “you will do what is completely wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md). DEU 31 29 w6b1 0 turn aside out of the path that I have commanded you Alternate translation: “stop following the instructions I have given to you.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 9:12](../09/12.md). DEU 31 29 yvi1 figs-metaphor 0 what is evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what is evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 31 29 i596 figs-synecdoche 0 through the work of your hands Here “your hands” means the people themselves. Alternate translation: “because of what you have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 31 30 upf2 figs-synecdoche 0 Moses recited in the ears of all the assembly of Israel Here “ears” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “Moses recited to all the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 31 30 ilp6 0 recited This could mean: (1) “sang” or (2) “spoke.” DEU 31 30 wx6q figs-ellipsis 0 the words of this song You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “the words of the song that Yahweh taught him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) DEU 32 intro pup6 0 # Deuteronomy 32 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 32:1-43.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Punishment<br>This chapter prophesies a time when Israel will be disobedient to Yahweh and he will have to punish them. This is meant to serve as a warning to the nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) DEU 32 1 bfi8 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 1 hf89 figs-apostrophe 0 Give ear, you heavens … Let the earth listen Yahweh speaks to the heavens and earth as if they are there listening. This could mean: (1) Yahweh is speaking to the inhabitants of heaven and earth or (2) Yahweh is speaking to the heavens and earth as if they are persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) DEU 32 2 zk7l figs-simile 0 Let my teaching drop down like the rain … and like the showers on the plants This means Yahweh wants the people to eagerly accept his helpful teaching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) DEU 32 2 x67x 0 distill Use the word in your language for the process by which dew appears. DEU 32 2 s3mw 0 dew water that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings DEU 32 2 g6mn 0 tender grass Alternate translation: “new plants” DEU 32 2 gkm4 0 showers heavy rain DEU 32 3 y1fa figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 3 bah6 figs-idiom 0 proclaim the name of Yahweh This is an idiom. “tell how good Yahweh is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 32 3 uf82 0 ascribe greatness to our God Alternate translation: “make sure people know that our God is great” DEU 32 4 xcv2 figs-metaphor 0 The Rock This a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 32 4 vh3k 0 his work Alternate translation: “everything he does” DEU 32 4 xtg1 figs-metaphor 0 all his paths are just Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Alternate translation: “he does everything in a just way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 32 4 j65c figs-doublet 0 He is just and upright These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh is fair and does what is right. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 32 5 ehu3 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 5 exs2 0 acted corruptly against him Alternate translation: “opposed him by doing what is wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md). DEU 32 5 k81b figs-doublet 0 a perverted and crooked generation The words “perverted” and “crooked” mean basically the same thing. Moses uses them to emphasize how wicked the generation is. Alternate translation: “a completely wicked generation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 32 6 tfw7 figs-rquestion 0 Do you reward Yahweh in this way … people? Moses uses a question to scold the people. Alternate translation: “You should give Yahweh proper praise … people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 32 6 bwz6 figs-doublet 0 you foolish and senseless people The words “foolish” and “senseless” mean the same thing and emphasize how foolish the people are for disobeying Yahweh. Alternate translation: “you extremely foolish people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 32 6 m2g1 0 your father … has created you … made you and established you Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. DEU 32 6 aeq8 figs-rquestion 0 Is he not your father, the one who has created you? Moses uses a question to scold the people. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is your father and the one who created you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 32 7 ks26 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. DEU 32 7 ki4q figs-you 0 Call to mind … think about … your father … show you … your elders … tell you Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 32 7 a5hd figs-idiom 0 Call to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 32 7 ksl4 0 days of ancient times Alternate translation: “days of long ago.” Moses refers to the time period when the ancestors of the people of Israel were alive. DEU 32 7 aba7 figs-parallelism 0 think about the years of many ages past This is a repetition of what Moses just said in the previous portion. Moses wants the people of Israel to focus on their history as a nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 7 p9u5 0 he will show you Alternate translation: “he will make it clear to you” or “he will enable you to understand it” DEU 32 8 q59u figs-idiom 0 gave the nations their inheritance This is an idiom. “put the nations in the places where they would live.” Similar words, “giving to you as an inheritance,” appear in [Deuteronomy 4:21](../04/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 32 8 vz2i 0 he set the boundaries of the peoples, as he also fixed the number of their gods God assigned each people group, together with its gods, to its own territory. In this way, he limited the influence of a people group’s idols. DEU 32 9 zcj3 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. As he speaks to the Israelites, he talks about them as if they were someone else and as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 9 j71r figs-parallelism 0 For Yahweh’s portion is his people; Jacob is his apportioned inheritance These two phrases means basically the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Jacob are Yahweh’s inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 10 b2tx 0 He found him … shielded him and cared for him … guarded him You may need to translate this as if Moses were talking about the Israelites as many people. Alternate translation: “He found our ancestors … shielded them and cared for them … guarded them” DEU 32 10 lv7u 0 howling wilderness Here “howling” refers to the sound the wind makes as it blows through the empty land. DEU 32 10 q44y figs-idiom 0 he guarded him as the apple of his eye This is an idiom. The apple of an eye refers to the dark part inside the eyeball that allows a person to see. This is a very important and sensitive part of the body. This means that the people of Israel are very important to God and something he protects. Alternate translation: “he protected him as something very valuable and precious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) DEU 32 11 x9dv figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 11 up27 figs-simile 0 As an eagle that guards her nest and flutters over her young, Yahweh spread out his wings and took them, and carried them on his pinions This means Yahweh watched over and protected the Israelites while they were in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) DEU 32 11 wh5r 0 pinions the outer edges of a bird’s wings DEU 32 12 wp5e figs-pronouns 0 led him … with him Moses again speaks of the Israelites as “Jacob” ([Deuteronomy 32:9](./09.md)). You may need to translate as if Moses were speaking of the Israelites as many people. Alternate translation: “led them … with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) DEU 32 13 kx8r figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 13 sq4v figs-idiom 0 He made him ride on high places of the land This is an idiom. The word “him” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made them ride on high places of the land” or “Yahweh helped them take and occupy the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 32 13 jg4h figs-pronouns 0 made him ride … fed him … nourished him Moses continues to speak of the Israelites as “Jacob” ([Deuteronomy 32:9](./09.md)). You may need to translate this as though Moses were speaking of the Israelites as many people. Alternate translation: “made our ancestors ride … fed them … nourished them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) DEU 32 13 t4p5 0 he fed him the fruits of the field Alternate translation: “he brought him to a land with plenty of crops he could eat” DEU 32 13 wlf5 0 he nourished him with honey from the rock, and oil from the flinty crag The land had many wild bees, which produce honey, with hives inside rock holes. There were also many olive trees, which provide oil, and grow on rocks, hills, and mountains. DEU 32 13 yp29 figs-metaphor 0 nourished him with honey This is like a mother giving her breast to an infant. “allowed him to suck honey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 32 14 dg9l figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 32 14 dt4w figs-pronouns 0 He ate Moses continues to speak of the Israelites as “Jacob” ([Deuteronomy 32:9](./09.md)). You may need to translate as though Moses were speaking of the Israelites as many people. Alternate translation: “Our ancestors ate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) DEU 32 14 u9ig 0 fat of lambs, rams of Bashan and goats The people of Israel had many healthy herd animals. DEU 32 15 g93y figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking his poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 15 i1m2 translate-names 0 Jeshurun Moses speaks of the Israelites as if they were a well-fed animal whose owner named it Jeshurun. You may add a footnote that says, “The name ‘Jeshurun’ means ‘upright one.’” If your language cannot speak of the Israelites as Jeshurun, you may refer to the Israelites as many people, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 32 15 ly6m figs-metaphor 0 the Rock of his salvation This means Yahweh is strong like a rock and able to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 32 15 dy92 figs-metaphor 0 the Rock This a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:4](../32/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 32 16 a41m 0 They made Yahweh jealous The Israelites made Yahweh jealous. DEU 32 17 u97e figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak his song to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 32 17 c5ir 0 They sacrificed Alternate translation: “The people of Israel sacrificed” DEU 32 17 hw1l 0 gods that recently appeared This means the Israelites recently learned about these gods. DEU 32 17 m59h figs-you 0 your fathers Moses is speaking to the Israelites as many people, so the word “your” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 32 18 ch18 figs-you 0 You have deserted … your father … you forgot … gave you Moses is speaking to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 32 18 mpu7 figs-metaphor 0 You have deserted the Rock Here Yahweh is called the rock because he is strong and protective. Alternate translation: “You have left the protective care of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 32 18 ul7n figs-metaphor 0 the Rock This a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:4](../32/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 32 18 y9b3 figs-metaphor 0 who became your father … who gave you birth This compares Yahweh to a father and a mother. This means God caused them to live and to be a nation. Alternate translation: “who fathered you … who gave life to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 32 19 yfx6 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 19 eca4 figs-metaphor 0 his sons and his daughters This refers to the people of Israel whom Yahweh gave life to and made into a nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 32 20 jv62 figs-idiom 0 I will hide my face from them This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will turn away from them” or “I will stop helping them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 32 20 klx8 0 I will see what their end will be Alternate translation: “I will see what happens to them” DEU 32 21 pb9z figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 21 ya83 0 They have made me jealous Here “me” refers to Yahweh. DEU 32 21 sa14 0 what is not god Alternate translation: “what are false gods” DEU 32 21 qj69 figs-explicit 0 worthless things You may need to make explicit what the “things” are. Alternate translation: “worthless idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 32 21 vst4 0 those who are not a people Alternate translation: “people who do not belong to one people group” DEU 32 21 zd9q 0 foolish nation Translate “foolish” as in [Deuteronomy 32:6](../32/06.md). DEU 32 22 wb8b figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 22 i1bl figs-metaphor 0 For a fire is kindled by my anger … foundations of the mountains Yahweh compares his anger to a fire. This emphasizes his power to destroy what makes him angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 32 22 nll8 figs-activepassive 0 a fire is kindled by my anger and is burning … it is devouring … it is setting If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I start a fire because I am angry, and it burns … it is devouring … it is setting” or “when I am angry, I destroy my enemies like a fire, and I destroy everything on earth and in … I devour … I set” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 32 22 eis3 0 to the lowest Sheol Alternate translation: “even to the world of the dead” DEU 32 23 g9k3 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 23 p1xb figs-metaphor 0 I will heap disasters on them Yahweh speaks of bad things that would happen to the Israelites as if they were something like dirt that he could pile up on top of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I will make sure that many bad things happen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 32 23 ys8x figs-metaphor 0 I will shoot all my arrows at them Here Yahweh compares the bad things he will make sure happen to the Israelites to someone shooting arrows from a bow. Alternate translation: “I will do all I can do to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 32 24 vr46 figs-activepassive 0 They will be wasted by hunger If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hunger**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “be hungry..” Alternate translation: “They will grow weak and die because they are hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 32 24 sj74 figs-activepassive 0 They will … hunger and devoured by burning heat and bitter destruction Here, **burning heat** could mean: (1) the Israelites will suffer from fevers or (2) the weather will be unusually hot during a drought or famine. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They will … hunger, and burning heat and terrible disasters will devour them” or “They will … hunger, and they will die from burning heat and terrible disasters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 32 24 l8d2 figs-synecdoche 0 I will send on them the teeth of wild animals, with the poison of things that crawl in the dust The teeth and the poison are synecdoches for the animals that use these things to kill. Alternate translation: “I will send wild animals to bite them, and things that crawl in the dust to bite and poison them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 32 25 ci4t figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 25 fy8e figs-metonymy 0 Outside the sword will bereave Here “sword” represents the army of the enemy. Alternate translation: “When the Israelites are outside, the enemy army will kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 32 25 kgf9 figs-personification 0 terror will do so Yahweh speaks of being afraid as if it were a person who comes into a house and kills those who live in it. Alternate translation: “you will die because you are afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DEU 32 25 mhn4 figs-merism 0 young man and virgin, the nursing baby, and the man of gray hairs These terms describing people of different ages are combined to mean that all kinds of people will die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) DEU 32 26 p3ic figs-quotations 0 I said that I would … away, that I would … mankind. This can be translated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “I said, ‘I will … away, and I will … mankind.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) DEU 32 26 ly17 0 I would make the memory of them to cease from among mankind Alternate translation: “I would make all people forget about them” DEU 32 27 b351 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 27 gg1k 0 Were it not that I feared the provocation of the enemy Alternate translation: “I was afraid of the provocation of the enemy” DEU 32 27 vz7e figs-abstractnouns 0 the provocation of the enemy This abstract noun can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “that the enemy would provoke me” or “that the enemy would cause me to be angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 32 27 lw79 figs-pronouns 0 the enemy Yahweh speaks of his enemies as if they are one man. Alternate translation: “my enemy” or “my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) DEU 32 27 w8l7 0 judge mistakenly Alternate translation: “misunderstand” DEU 32 27 sbq8 figs-metonymy 0 Our hand is exalted Here “hand” represents the strength or power of a person. To be exalted is an idiom for defeating an enemy. Alternate translation: “We have defeated them because we are more powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 32 28 uqg7 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 29 p62h figs-hypo 0 Oh, that they were wise, that they understood this, that they would consider their coming fate Moses states something that he wishes were true, but he knows that they are not wise and do not understand that their disobedience will cause Yahweh to bring this disaster on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) DEU 32 29 c7cm figs-abstractnouns 0 their coming fate If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fate**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what is going to happen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 32 30 u5ex figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words and tell them more of what they would have understood if they were wise ([Deuteronomy 32:29](../32/29.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 30 qr7h figs-rquestion 0 How could one chase a thousand … Yahweh had given them up? Moses uses a question to scold the people for not being wise enough to understand why their enemies are defeating them. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 32 30 vu9l translate-numbers 0 How could one chase a thousand, and two put ten thousand to flight You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “How could 1 enemy soldier chase 1,000 of your men, and 2 enemy soldiers cause 10,000 of your men to run away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) DEU 32 30 v82y figs-metaphor 0 unless their Rock had sold them The word “Rock” refers to Yahweh who is strong and able to protect his people. Alternate translation: “unless Yahweh, their Rock, had handed them over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 32 30 tv28 figs-metaphor 0 their Rock Alternate translation: “The Rock” here is a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. Translate “Rock” as in [Deuteronomy 32:4](../32/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 32 31 d2ny figs-metaphor 0 our Rock Alternate translation: “The Rock” here is a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. Translate “Rock” as in [Deuteronomy 32:4](../32/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 32 31 r1wx 0 our enemies’ rock is not like our Rock The enemies’ idols and false gods are not powerful like Yahweh. DEU 32 31 lbx7 0 just as even our enemies admit Alternate translation: “not only do we say so, but our enemies say so also” DEU 32 32 a5z3 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 32 tch7 figs-metaphor 0 For their vine comes from the vine of Sodom … clusters are bitter Moses compares enemies who worship false gods to the wicked people who lived in Sodom and Gomorrah and to grapevines that produce poisonous fruit. This means their enemies are wicked and will cause the Israelites to die if the Israelites start to act like the people who live around them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 32 32 l3du figs-metaphor 0 their vine comes from the vine of Sodom, and from the fields of Gomorrah The vine is a metaphor for the people group. “it is as if their vine were a branch of the vines that grew in the fields of Sodom and Gomorrah” or Alternate translation: “they do evil the same way the people who lived in Sodom and Gomorrah did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 32 32 i5fv 0 their clusters Alternate translation: “their clusters of grapes” DEU 32 33 y87k figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 33 zwn7 figs-metaphor 0 Their wine is the poison of serpents and the cruel venom of asps Moses continues comparing the enemies of the people of Israel to grapevines that produce poisonous fruit and wine. This means their enemies are wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 32 33 rck8 0 asps poisonous snakes DEU 32 34 eti9 figs-rquestion 0 Is not this plan secretly kept by me, sealed up among my treasures? This question emphasizes that Yahweh’s plans for the people of Israel are kept secret like a valuable treasure. The rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I know what I have planned to do to the Israelite people and to their enemies, and I have locked up those plans as someone would lock up his valuable possessions.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 32 35 wr4g figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. This is the end of Moses’s quotation of Yahweh’s words that begins in [Deuteronomy 32:20](../32/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 35 sg4m figs-doublet 0 Vengeance is mine to give, and recompense The words “vengeance” and “recompense” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “I will have vengeance and punish Israel’s enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) DEU 32 35 v1h2 0 recompense to punish or reward a person for what he has done DEU 32 35 dj8g figs-idiom 0 their foot slips Something bad has happened to them. Alternate translation: “they are helpless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 32 35 ad9x 0 the day of disaster for them Alternate translation: “the time for me to destroy them” DEU 32 35 jvl7 figs-metaphor 0 the things that are to come on them will hurry to happen Yahweh speaks of the bad things that will happen to his enemies as if the bad things were people running eagerly to punish them. Alternate translation: “I will punish them quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 32 36 h6tb figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 36 z7w2 figs-abstractnouns 0 For Yahweh will give justice to his people If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you can express the same idea with an adjective or as an adverb. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh will do what is just for his people” or “For Yahweh will act justly towards his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 32 36 s7w9 0 he will pity his servants Alternate translation: “he will feel that he needs to help his servants” DEU 32 37 y7ls figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 38 en77 figs-rquestion 0 The gods who ate the fat of their sacrifices and drank the wine of their drink offerings? Here Yahweh mocks the people of Israel for offering sacrifices to other gods. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The gods to whom the Israelites offered meat and wine have not come to help them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 32 38 vtv4 figs-irony 0 Let them rise up and help you; let them be your protection Yahweh says this to mock the Israelites. He knows these gods cannot help them. Alternate translation: “These idols are not even able to get up and help or to protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) DEU 32 39 rkh6 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 39 kii3 0 I, even I Alternate translation: “I, I myself” or “I, I alone.” Yahweh repeats “I” to emphasize that only he is God. DEU 32 40 wwk7 0 I lift up my hand to heaven and say Alternate translation: “I lift up my hand to heaven and swear” or “I have taken an oath.” Lifting up the hand is a sign of making an oath. DEU 32 40 la6k 0 As I live forever Alternate translation: “As certainly as I live forever” or “I swear by my life which is never-ending.” This statement assures the people that what God says in [Deuteronomy 32:41](../32/41.md)-[Deuteronomy 32:42](./42.md) will happen. DEU 32 41 zb2k figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 41 x382 figs-metonymy 0 When I sharpen my glittering sword Alternate translation: “When I sharpen my shining sword.” This means God is preparing to judge and punish his enemies. Alternate translation: “When I am ready to judge my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 32 41 yfw3 figs-synecdoche 0 when my hand begins to bring justice Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “when I get ready to judge the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 32 42 p1fx figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 42 mma7 figs-metaphor 0 I will make my arrows drunk with blood, and my sword will devour flesh with the blood Yahweh speaks of arrows as if they were people to whom he could give alcohol and make them drunk, and of a sword as if it were a person who was so hungry that he would eat an animal before draining the blood out. These metaphors are metonyms for a soldier using arrows and a sword to kill many enemies. This in turn is a metaphor for Yahweh killing his enemies in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DEU 32 42 ml4t 0 from the heads of the leaders of the enemy A possible meaning is “from the long-haired heads of the enemy.” DEU 32 43 mm3z figs-parallelism 0 General Information: This is the end of Moses’ song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 43 hzi1 figs-metonymy 0 Rejoice, you nations Moses addresses the peoples of all the nations as if they were there listening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) DEU 32 43 h5mv figs-metonymy 0 for he will avenge the blood of his servants; he will render vengeance on his enemies Here “blood of his servants” represents the lives of his innocent servants who were killed. Alternate translation: “for he will take revenge on his enemies, who killed his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 32 44 q6l6 0 recited This could mean: (1) “spoke” or (2) “sang.” DEU 32 44 zdk4 figs-synecdoche 0 in the ears of the people Here “ears” represents the people themselves and emphasizes that Moses wanted to make sure they heard the song clearly. Alternate translation: “to the people so they would be sure to hear it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 32 45 a69v 0 reciting This could mean: (1) “speaking” or (2) “singing.” DEU 32 46 llt8 0 He said to them Alternate translation: “Moses said to the people of Israel” DEU 32 46 sqq3 figs-idiom 0 Fix your mind on This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to” or “Think about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 32 46 iw4n 0 I have witnessed to you This could mean: (1) “I have testified to you,” referring to what Yahweh has said he will do to the Israelites if they disobey, or (2) “I have commanded you,” referring to what Yahweh was commanding them to do. DEU 32 46 a9uh 0 your children Alternate translation: “your children and descendants” DEU 32 47 v8tt 0 this is Alternate translation: “this law is” DEU 32 47 wd7v figs-litotes 0 no trivial matter This litotes can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “something very important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) DEU 32 47 i8bs figs-metonymy 0 because it is your life If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **life**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “live..” You may need to make explicit the metonymy of obeying the law, which represents the law itself. Alternate translation: “because you will live if you obey it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 32 47 a2bz figs-metaphor 0 prolong your days Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 32 49 i56s translate-names 0 mountains of Abarim This is the name of a mountain range in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 32 49 gwe2 0 Abarim, up Mount Nebo Alternate translation: “Abarim and climb up Mount Nebo” DEU 32 49 u1pf translate-names 0 Mount Nebo This is the highest place in the Abarim Mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 32 49 y54j 0 opposite Jericho Alternate translation: “on the other side of the river from Jericho” DEU 32 50 n95r 0 General Information: Yahweh finishes speaking to Moses. DEU 32 50 w499 figs-euphemism 0 be gathered to your people This is a polite way of saying Moses’ spirit would join the spirits of his relatives in the world of the dead. Alternate translation: “join your ancestors who died before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) DEU 32 50 gnq5 translate-names 0 Mount Hor This is the name of a mountain on the border of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 32 51 mwq1 translate-names 0 Meribah This is the name of the place in the desert where Moses disobeyed God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 32 51 fv5z translate-names 0 wilderness of Zin This is the name of a wilderness on the southern border of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 33 intro y2l8 0 # Deuteronomy 33 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic lines of Moses’ blessings in 33:1-29.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Families<br>Moses gives a series of prophecies or instructions for each of the tribes of Israel and Israel overall. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) DEU 33 1 p6db figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses begins to bless the tribes of Israel. Moses speaks the blessing in the form of short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 2 b26n figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh came from Sinai and rose from Seir upon them. He shined out from Mount Paran Moses compares Yahweh to the rising sun. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh came from Sinai, he looked to them like the sun when it rises from Seir and shines out from Mount Paran” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 33 2 d9h2 0 upon them Alternate translation: “upon the people of Israel” DEU 33 2 d89e translate-numbers 0 ten thousands of holy ones Alternate translation: “10,000 angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 33 2 v2fc 0 In his right hand were flashes of lightning Other This could mean: (1) “In his right hand were flames of fire” or (2) “He gave them a law of fire” or (3) “He came from the south, down his mountain slopes.” DEU 33 3 dj5y figs-parallelism 0 General Information: These verses are difficult to understand. Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). Moses speaks the blessing in the form of short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 3 pjq4 0 the peoples Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” DEU 33 3 uuu1 figs-pronouns 0 all his holy ones are in your hand … your feet … your words The pronouns “his” and “your” refer to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “all Yahweh’s holy ones are in his hand … his feet … his words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) DEU 33 3 sx8z figs-metonymy 0 all his holy ones are in your hand The hand is a metonym for power and protection. Alternate translation: “you protect all his holy people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 33 4 j3nq 0 an inheritance Alternate translation: “a possession” or “a precious possession” DEU 33 5 eer4 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Verse 5 is difficult to understand. Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). The blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 5 c2d9 0 there was a king Alternate translation: “Yahweh became king” DEU 33 5 g63w 0 Jeshurun This is another name for Israel. Translated as in [Deuteronomy 32:15](../32/15.md). DEU 33 6 xmf7 0 Let Reuben live This begins Moses’ blessings to the individual tribes of Israel. DEU 33 6 qs86 0 but may his men be few Other This could mean: (1) “and may his men not be few” or (2) “even though his men are few.” DEU 33 7 e9mj figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). The blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 7 hxx8 figs-metonymy 0 to the voice of Judah Here “voice of Judah” refers to the cries and prayers of the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “when the people of Judah pray to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 33 7 v8f7 figs-abstractnouns 0 be a help If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **help**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “help him to fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 33 8 hq6l figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). The blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 8 f539 figs-you 0 Your Thummim and your Urim These were sacred stones the high priest carried on his breastplate and used at times to determine God’s will. Here “your” refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) DEU 33 8 d4cp figs-metonymy 0 your faithful one, the one whom you tested … with whom you struggled Moses refers to the tribe of Levi as if it were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 33 8 p5zx 0 your faithful one Alternate translation: “the one who seeks to please you.” DEU 33 8 l4zu 0 Massah See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:16](../06/16.md). Translator may add a footnote that says: “The name ‘Massah’ means ‘testing.’” DEU 33 8 vr2z 0 Meribah See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:51](../32/51.md). Translator may add a footnote that says: “The name ‘Meribah’ means ‘argue’ or ‘quarrel.’” DEU 33 9 a55p figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). The blessings are short poems. He continues describing the tribe of Levi, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:8](./08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 9 n8y3 0 your word Alternate translation: “your commands” DEU 33 9 mi7x figs-doublet 0 guarded … kept These words both mean to watch over and to protect. They are often metaphors for “obeyed,” but here they should be translated literally because they refer to a time when the Levites literally killed people who were rebelling against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 33 10 n6nd figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Levi, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:8](../33/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 10 q9bv 0 your … your … you … your Moses is speaking to Yahweh, so all these words are singular. DEU 33 11 y1nd figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues describing the tribe of Levi, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:8](../33/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 11 m8mw 0 accept be pleased with DEU 33 11 g9hx figs-synecdoche 0 the work of his hands Here the word “hands” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “all the work that he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 33 11 qcv6 figs-metonymy 0 Shatter the loins of The loins were considered the center of strength, and are here represent strength. Alternate translation: “Take away the strength of” or “Utterly destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 33 11 m34s figs-metaphor 0 rise up … rise up This phrase is used twice as a metaphor. Alternate translation: “rise up to fight … cause any more trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 33 11 d2c2 figs-idiom 0 rise up against This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “fight against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 33 12 c4ca figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 12 wbv9 figs-activepassive 0 The one loved by Yahweh lives Here Moses is referring to the members of the tribe of Benjamin. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The ones whom Yahweh loves live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 33 12 rf48 figs-abstractnouns 0 lives in security The abstact noun “security” can be translated using a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “lives where no one can harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 33 12 t7re 0 he lives between Yahweh’s arms This could mean: (1) Yahweh protects the tribe of Benjamin with his power or (2) Yahweh lives in the hill region of the tribe of Benjamin. In both translations, it means Yahweh takes care of them. DEU 33 13 bn1r figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 13 l4ua 0 About Joseph This refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the tribe of Manasseh. Both tribes descended from Joseph. DEU 33 13 vty3 figs-metonymy 0 May his land be blessed by Yahweh The word “his” refers to Joseph which represents the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh bless their land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 33 13 y87w 0 with the precious things of heaven, with the dew Alternate translation: “with the precious dew from the sky” or “with the precious rain from the sky” DEU 33 13 rzk5 0 dew water that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:2](../32/02.md). DEU 33 13 xy69 0 the deep that lies beneath This refers to the water under the ground. DEU 33 14 tz8j figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Joseph, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:13](../33/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 14 xt79 figs-activepassive 0 May his land be blessed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 33:13](../33/13.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh bless his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 33 14 jc3s 0 with the precious things of the harvest of the sun Alternate translation: “with the best crops that the sun causes to grow” DEU 33 14 w7c3 0 with the precious things of the produce of the months Alternate translation: “with the best crops that grow month to month” DEU 33 15 y6md figs-explicit 0 finest things … precious things Moses is probably referring to food crops. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “the best fruits … the precious fruits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 33 15 ex8p 0 ancient mountains Alternate translation: “the mountains that existed long ago” DEU 33 15 e1pr 0 everlasting hills Alternate translation: “the hills that will exist forever” DEU 33 16 rm3x figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Joseph, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:13](../33/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 16 t49i figs-activepassive 0 May his land be blessed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 33:13](../33/13.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh bless his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 33 16 sq7u 0 its abundance If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **abundance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what it produces in large amounts” DEU 33 16 z8v1 figs-explicit 0 him who was in the bush The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who spoke to Moses from the burning bush” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 33 16 s176 figs-metaphor 0 Let the blessing come on the head of Joseph This metaphor is of a man putting his hand on the head of a son and asking God to bless the son. The man here is Yahweh. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh bless Joseph as a father blesses his son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 33 16 yvh8 figs-synecdoche 0 come on the head of Joseph, and on the top of the head of him Here “head” and “top of the head” represent the whole person. Also, Joseph represents his descendants. Alternate translation: “be upon the descendants of Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 33 16 wr2z 0 top of the head Another possible meaning is “brow” or “forehead.” DEU 33 17 dw4y figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Joseph, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:13](../33/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 17 h7um figs-metaphor 0 The firstborn of an ox, majestic is he The ox is a metaphor for something large and strong. The word “firstborn” is a metaphor for honor. Alternate translation: “People will honor Joseph’s descendants, who are many and powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 33 17 emy2 figs-metaphor 0 his horns are the horns of The horn is a metaphor for strength. Alternate translation: “he is as strong as” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 33 17 s54w figs-metaphor 0 With them he will push Pushing with his horns is a metaphor for strength. Alternate translation: “He is so strong that he will push” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 33 17 nv6i translate-numbers 0 ten thousands of Ephraim … the thousands of Manasseh This means the tribe of Ephraim will be stronger than the tribe of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the people of Ephraim, who number many times 10,000…the people of Manasseh, who number many times 1,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 33 18 g9eh figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless each tribe of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He speaks to the tribes of Zebulun and Issachar as if they were one man, so the word “your” and the command “rejoice” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 33 18 m1l6 figs-explicit 0 Rejoice, Zebulun, in your going out, and you, Issachar, in your tents The people of Zebulun were located near the Mediterranean Sea. They traveled by sea and traded with other people. The people of Issachar preferred peaceful living and working the land and raising cattle. You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 33 19 bwp6 0 There will they offer Alternate translation: “It is there that they will offer” DEU 33 19 h5jn 0 sacrifices of righteousness Alternate translation: “acceptable sacrifices” or “proper sacrifices” DEU 33 19 ime2 0 For they will suck the abundance of the seas, and from the sand on the seashore This could mean: (1) they will trade with people across the sea or (2) they were beginning to use sand in making pottery. DEU 33 19 cl5x figs-metaphor 0 For they will suck the abundance of the seas The Hebrew word translated “suck” here refers to how a baby nurses at its mother’s breast. It means the people will gain wealth from the sea like a baby gets milk from its mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 33 20 r21i figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 20 sb7w figs-activepassive 0 Blessed be he who enlarges Gad This can stated in active form. Alternate translation: This could mean: (1) “May Yahweh bless Gad and give him much land to live in” or (2) “People should say that Yahweh is good because he has given Gad much land to live in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 33 20 qa5j figs-simile 0 He will live there like a lioness, and he will tear off an arm or a head This means the people of Gad are strong and secure, and they will defeat their enemies in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) DEU 33 21 ypm2 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Gad as one man, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:20](../33/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 21 nad9 0 the leader’s portion This means a larger piece of land that a leader normally took. DEU 33 21 nfg7 0 He came with the heads of the people Alternate translation: “They met with all the leaders of the Israelites” DEU 33 21 nt25 0 He carried out the justice of Yahweh and his decrees with Israel Alternate translation: “They obeyed all that Yahweh had commanded the Israelites” DEU 33 22 r6bu figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 22 rjp5 figs-metaphor 0 Dan is a lion cub that leaps out from Bashan The people of Dan are strong like a lion cub, and they attack their enemies who live in Bashan. You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) DEU 33 23 xsb4 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He speaks of the descendants of Naphtali as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 23 j9cl figs-metaphor 0 satisfied with favor Yahweh being pleased with Naphtali is spoken of as if “favor” were food that Naphtali ate until he was no longer hungry. Alternate translation: “who has all the good things he desires because Yahweh is pleased with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 33 23 xhj4 0 full of the blessing of Yahweh Blessings are spoken of as if they were food that Naphtali ate until he could hold no more. Alternate translation: “whom Yahweh has blessed so that he has all he needs” DEU 33 23 av3i figs-you 0 take possession Moses speaks as if the tribe of Naphtali is one man, so these words are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 33 23 q4kc figs-explicit 0 the land to the west and south This refers to the land around Lake Galilee. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 33 24 b3kp figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 24 frq4 figs-explicit 0 dip his foot in olive oil Olive oil was used for food and for the skin of the face and arms. Feet were dirty, so to put the foot in olive oil was to ruin valuable oil. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “have so much olive oil that he can afford to waste it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 33 25 ht1b figs-you 0 your city bars … your days … your security Moses speaks to the tribe of Asher as if they are one man, so all instances of “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 33 25 eim5 figs-explicit 0 May your city bars be iron and bronze Cities had large bars across their gates to keep enemies out. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “May you be safe from attacks by your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 33 26 wxb7 figs-metaphor 0 rides through the heavens … on the clouds This is an image of Yahweh riding on clouds through the sky like a king on his chariot riding through a battlefield. Alternate translation: “rides through the heavens like a king rides through a battlefield … on the clouds like a king on his chariot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 33 26 l9qh figs-you 0 to your help Alternate translation: “to help you.” Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 33 27 if2j figs-abstractnouns 0 The eternal God is a refuge Here, **refuge** refers to a shelter or a place safe from danger. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **refuge**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The eternal God will protect his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 33 27 bk5r figs-metaphor 0 underneath are the everlasting arms The words “everlasting arms” are a metaphor for Yahweh’s promise to protect his people forever. Alternate translation: “he will support and take care of his people forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 33 27 hrf2 figs-pastforfuture 0 He thrust out … he said Moses speaks of the future as if it were the past to emphasize that what he is saying will come true. AT “He will thrust out … he will say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) DEU 33 27 zfz8 figs-you 0 before you … Destroy Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” and the command “destroy” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 33 27 an79 figs-quotations 0 he said, “Destroy!” If this direct quotation would not work well in your language, you may change it to an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “he will tell you to destroy them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) DEU 33 28 c8xi figs-pastforfuture 0 Israel dwelt … Jacob’s spring was secure This could mean: (1) Moses speaks of the future as if it were the past to emphasize that what he is saying will come true, “Israel will dwell … Jacob’s spring will be secure” or (2) Moses is blessing Israel, “May Israel dwell … and may Jacob’s spring be secure.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) DEU 33 28 cp65 figs-metonymy 0 Jacob’s spring This could mean: (1) Jacob’s home or (2) Jacob’s descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 33 28 ze3a figs-metaphor 0 let his heavens drop dew The dew is spoken of as being so much that it is as if it were raining. This could mean: (1) Moses is blessing Israel, “may much dew cover the land like rain” or (2) Moses is telling what will happen in the future, “much dew will cover the land like rain.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 33 28 qcg6 0 dew water that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:2](../32/02.md). DEU 33 29 hn5q figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 33 29 q9sn figs-rquestion 0 Who is like you, a people saved by Yahweh … majesty? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “There is no other people group like you, a people whom Yahweh has saved … majesty.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 33 29 n3du figs-merism 0 the shield … the sword This merism speaks of Yahweh defending the Israelites from their enemies and enabling them to attack their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) DEU 33 29 tm9a figs-metaphor 0 the shield of your help The word “shield” is a metaphor for Yahweh protecting and defending the Israelites. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **help**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the one who protects you and helps you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 33 29 cur3 figs-metaphor 0 the sword of your majesty The word “sword” is a metaphor for the power to kill with the sword in order to win battles. Alternate translation: “the one who enables you to win battles and so have majesty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 33 29 ly3l 0 you will trample down their high places This could mean: (1) the Israelites will destroy the places where the other people worship false gods or (2) the Israelites will walk on the backs of their enemies when the Israelites defeat them. DEU 34 intro kh67 0 # Deuteronomy 34 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter may have been written by Joshua, since it recorded Moses’ death. This chapter officially ends the revelation of the law of Moses, and life in the Promised Land is about to begin again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) DEU 34 1 ayb8 0 Mount Nebo This is the highest point of Mount Pisgah which is in the northern part of the Abarim mountain range. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:49](../32/49.md). DEU 34 1 r9wl 0 Pisgah See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:17](../03/17.md). DEU 34 3 h1nc translate-names 0 the City of Palms This is another name for Jericho. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 34 4 aj1d 0 look at it with your eyes Alternate translation: “see it for yourself” DEU 34 6 z3y1 0 Beth Peor This was a town in Moab. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:29](../03/29.md). DEU 34 6 i3kg 0 to this day This refers to the time that this was written or edited, not to the present time in the twenty-first century. DEU 34 7 l52x translate-numbers 0 one hundred twenty years old Alternate translation: “30 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 34 7 gif3 0 his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated This means his eyes and body were still strong and healthy. DEU 34 8 uz65 translate-numbers 0 thirty days Alternate translation: “30 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) DEU 34 9 znf5 0 son of Nun See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:38](../01/38.md). DEU 34 9 g774 figs-metaphor 0 Joshua … was full of the spirit of wisdom The writer speaks as if Joshua were a container and the spirit were a physical object that could be put into a container. Alternate translation: “Yahweh enabled Joshua … to be very wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 34 9 yd83 figs-explicit 0 Moses had laid his hands on him The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Moses had laid his hands on him to set Joshua apart so Joshua would serve Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 34 10 t1l8 figs-idiom 0 Yahweh knew face to face This is an idiom. It means Yahweh and Moses had a very close relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 34 12 mq8g 0 in all the great Alternate translation: “who did all the great”