richmahn_en_tn/en_tn_45-ACT.tsv

Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
ACT	front	intro	mw28			0		# Introduction to Acts<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Acts<br><br>1. The beginning of the church and its mission (1:1–2:41)<br>1. The early church in Jerusalem (2:42–6:7)<br>1. Increasing opposition and the martyrdom of Steven (6:8–7:60)<br>1. The persecution of the church and Philip’s ministry (8:1–40)<br>1. Paul becomes an apostle (9:1–31)<br>1. The ministry of Peter and the first Gentile converts (9:32–12:24)<br>1. Paul, the apostle to Gentiles, the Jewish law, and council of church leaders at Jerusalem (12:25–16:5)<br>1. The expansion of the church into the middle Mediterranean area and Asia Minor (16:6–19:20)<br>1. Paul travels to Jerusalem and becomes a prisoner in Rome (19:21–28:31)<br><br>### What is the Book of Acts about?<br><br>The Book of Acts tells the story of the early church as more and more people became believers. It shows the power of the Holy Spirit helping the early Christians. The events in this book began when Jesus went back to heaven and ended about thirty years later.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “The Acts of the Apostles.” Or translators may choose a title that may be clearer, for example, “The Acts of the Holy Spirit through the Apostles.”<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Acts?<br><br>This book does not give the name of the author. However, it is addressed to Theophilus, the same person to whom the Gospel of Luke is addressed. Also, in parts of the book, the author uses the word “we.” This indicates that the author traveled with Paul. Most scholars think that Luke was this person traveling with Paul. Therefore, since early Christian times, most Christians have thought Luke is the author of the Book of Acts as well as the Gospel of Luke.<br><br>Luke was a medical doctor. His way of writing shows that he was an educated man. He was probably a Gentile. He saw many of the events described in the Book of Acts.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What is the Church?<br><br>The Church is the group of people who believe in Christ. The Church includes both Jew and Gentile believers. The events in this book show God helping the Church. He empowered believers to live righteous lives through his Holy Spirit.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Acts?<br><br>These are the most significant textual issues in Acts:<br><br>The following verses are found in older versions of the Bible, but they are not in the best ancient copies of the Bible. Some modern versions put the verses in square brackets ([]). The ULT and UST put them in a footnote.<br><br>* “Philip said, ‘If you believe with all your heart, you may be baptized.’ The Ethiopian answered, ‘I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God’” (Acts 8:37).<br>* “But it seemed good to Silas to remain there.” (Acts 15:34)<br>* “And we wanted to judge him according to our law. But Lysias, the officer, came and forcibly took him out of our hands, sending him to you.” (Acts 24:6b-8a)<br>* “When he had said these things, the Jews departed, having a great dispute among themselves.” (Acts 28:29)<br><br>In the following verses, it is uncertain what the original text said. Translators will need to choose which reading to translate. The ULT has the first readings but include the second readings in footnotes.<br>* “They returned from Jerusalem” (Acts 12:25). Some versions read, “They returned to Jerusalem (or to there).”<br>* “he put up with them” (Acts 13:18). Some versions read, “he cared for them.”<br>* “This is what the Lord says, who has done these things that have been known from ancient times.” (Acts 15:17-18). Some older versions read, “This is what the Lord says, to whom are known all his deeds from ancient times.”<br><br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
ACT	1	intro	vyg9			0		# Acts 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter records an event, commonly known as the “Ascension,” when Jesus returned to heaven after he became alive again. He will not come back until he returns at his “second coming.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]])<br><br>The UST has set the words “Dear Theophilus” apart from the other words. This is because English speakers often start letters this way. You might want to start this book the way people start letters in your culture.<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the two quotes from Psalms in 1:20.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Baptize<br><br>The word “baptize” has two meanings in this chapter. It refers to the water baptism of John and to the baptism of the Holy Spirit ([Acts 1:5](../../act/01/05.md)). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/baptize]])<br><br>### “He spoke about the kingdom of God”<br><br>Some scholars believe that when Jesus “spoke about the kingdom of God,” he explained to the disciples why the kingdom of God did not come before he died. Others believe that the kingdom of God did begin while Jesus was alive and that here Jesus was explaining that it was beginning in a new form.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### The twelve disciples<br><br>The following are the lists of the twelve disciples:<br><br>In Matthew:<br><br>Simon (Peter), Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot.<br><br>In Mark:<br><br>Simon (Peter), Andrew, James the son of Zebedee and John the son of Zebedee (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder), Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot.<br><br>In Luke:<br><br>Simon (Peter), Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Simon (who was called the Zealot), Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot.<br><br>Thaddaeus is probably the same person as Jude, the son of James.<br><br>### Akeldama<br><br>This is a phrase in Hebrew or Aramaic. Luke used Greek letters so his readers would know how it sounded, and then he told what it means. You should probably spell it the way it sounds in your language and then explain the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
ACT	1	1	q9ep		τὸν μὲν πρῶτον λόγον ἐποιησάμην	1	The former book I wrote	The former book is the Gospel of Luke.
ACT	1	1	ryj5	translate-names	ὦ Θεόφιλε	1	Theophilus	Luke wrote this book to a man named Theophilus. Some translations follow their own culture’s way of addressing a letter and write “Dear Theophilus” at the beginning of the sentence. Theophilus means “friend of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	1	2	n435	figs-activepassive	ἄχρι ἧς ἡμέρας…ἀνελήμφθη	1	until the day that he was taken up	This refers to Jesus’ ascension into heaven. Alternate translation: “until the day on which God took him up to heaven” or “until the day that he ascended into heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	1	2	a394		ἐντειλάμενος…διὰ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου	1	commands through the Holy Spirit	The Holy Spirit led Jesus to instruct his apostles on certain things.
ACT	1	3	dup3		μετὰ τὸ παθεῖν αὐτὸν	1	After his suffering	This refers to Jesus’ suffering and death on the cross.
ACT	1	3	yc16		οἷς…παρέστησεν ἑαυτὸν ζῶντα	1	he presented himself alive to them	Jesus appeared to his apostles and to many other disciples.
ACT	1	4	d3kr	figs-you		0	General Information:	Here the word “he” refers to Jesus. Except where otherwise noted, the word “you” in the book of Acts is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ACT	1	4	lw3e			0	Connecting Statement:	This event happened during the 40 days that Jesus appeared to his followers after he had risen from the dead.
ACT	1	4	vb7g		καὶ συναλιζόμενος	1	When he was meeting together with them	“When Jesus was meeting together with his apostles”
ACT	1	4	sg4h	figs-metonymy	τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ Πατρὸς	1	the promise of the Father	This is a reference to the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit, whom the Father promised to send” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	1	4	tj6r		ἣν	1	about which, he said	If you translated the previous phrase to include the words “Holy Spirit,” you can change the word “which” to “whom.” Alternate translation: “about whom Jesus said”
ACT	1	5	uu4k		Ἰωάννης μὲν ἐβάπτισεν ὕδατι;…ἐν Πνεύματι βαπτισθήσεσθε Ἁγίῳ	1	John indeed baptized with water…baptized in the Holy Spirit	Jesus contrasts how John baptized people in water with how God would baptize believers in the Holy Spirit.
ACT	1	5	fnq5		Ἰωάννης μὲν ἐβάπτισεν ὕδατι	1	John indeed baptized with water	“John indeed baptized people with water”
ACT	1	5	dzj1	figs-activepassive	ὑμεῖς…βαπτισθήσεσθε	1	you shall be baptized	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will baptize you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	1	6	n9wt			0	General Information:	Here the word “they” refers to the apostles.
ACT	1	6	f7uj		εἰ ἐν τῷ χρόνῳ τούτῳ, ἀποκαθιστάνεις τὴν βασιλείαν τῷ Ἰσραήλ	1	is this the time you will restore the kingdom to Israel	“will you now make Israel a great kingdom again”
ACT	1	7	y1fu	figs-doublet	χρόνους ἢ καιροὺς	1	the times or the seasons	Possible meanings are (1) the words “times” and “seasons” refer to different kinds of time. Alternate translation: “the general period of time or the specific date” or (2) the two words are basically synonymous. Alternate translation: “the exact time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ACT	1	8	ld4k		λήμψεσθε δύναμιν,…καὶ ἔσεσθέ μου μάρτυρες,	1	you will receive power…and you will be my witnesses	The apostles will receive power that will enable them to be witnesses for Jesus. Alternate translation: “God will empower you…to be my witnesses”
ACT	1	8	vb4m	figs-idiom	ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς	1	to the ends of the earth	Possible meanings are (1) “all over the world” or (2) “to the places on earth that are farthest away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	1	9	e1q1	figs-explicit	βλεπόντων αὐτῶν	1	as they were looking up	“as they watched.” The apostles “were looking up” at Jesus because Jesus rose into the sky. Alternate translation: “as they were looking up at the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	1	9	l1cq	figs-activepassive	ἐπήρθη	1	he was raised up	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he rose up into the sky” or “God took him up into the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	1	9	ug58		νεφέλη ὑπέλαβεν αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν	1	a cloud hid him from their eyes	“a cloud blocked their view so that they could no longer see him”
ACT	1	10	enu1		ἀτενίζοντες…εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν	1	looking intensely to heaven	“staring at the sky” or “gazing at the sky”
ACT	1	11	gpg3		ἄνδρες, Γαλιλαῖοι	1	You men of Galilee	The angels address the apostles as men who are from Galilee.
ACT	1	11	cue7		ἐλεύσεται ὃν τρόπον	1	will return in the same manner	Jesus will return in the sky, just as clouds covered him when he arose into heaven.
ACT	1	12	x2nk		τότε ὑπέστρεψαν	1	Then they returned	“The apostles returned”
ACT	1	12	p19g	figs-explicit	Σαββάτου ἔχον ὁδόν	1	a Sabbath day’s journey	This refers to the distance which, according to Rabbinical tradition, a person was allowed to walk on a Sabbath day. Alternate translation: “about one kilometer away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	1	13	vis2		καὶ ὅτε εἰσῆλθον	1	When they arrived	“When they reached their destination.” Verse 12 says they were returning to Jerusalem.
ACT	1	13	zt12		τὸ ὑπερῷον	1	the upper chamber	“the room on the upper level of the house”
ACT	1	14	z6cf		οὗτοι πάντες ἦσαν…ὁμοθυμαδὸ	1	They were all united as one	This means that the apostles and believers there all shared a common commitment and purpose, and there was no strife among them.
ACT	1	14	u4pr		προσκαρτεροῦντες…τῇ προσευχῇ	1	as they diligently continued in prayer	This means that the disciples prayed together regularly and frequently.
ACT	1	15	cup2			0	Connecting Statement:	This event happened during the time that Peter and the other believers were staying together in the upper room.
ACT	1	15	il8w	writing-newevent	ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις	1	In those days	These words mark the beginning of a new part of the story. They refer to the period of time after Jesus ascended while the disciples were meeting in the upper chamber. Alternate translation: “During that time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
ACT	1	15	tl5m	translate-numbers	ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι	1	120 people	“one hundred and twenty people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ACT	1	15	liz1		ἐν μέσῳ τῶν ἀδελφῶν	1	in the midst of the brothers	Here the word “brothers” refers to fellow believers and includes both men and women.
ACT	1	16	i8tl	figs-activepassive	ἔδει πληρωθῆναι τὴν Γραφὴν	1	it was necessary that the scripture should be fulfilled	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the things that we read about in scripture had to take place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	1	16	f3um	figs-metonymy	διὰ στόματος Δαυεὶδ	1	by the mouth of David	The word “mouth” refers to the words that David wrote. Alternate translation: “through the words of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	1	17	tmv1	writing-background		0	General Information:	In verses 18-19 the author tells the reader background information about how Judas died and what people called the field where he died. This is not part of Peter’s speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	1	17	tmv2	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Although Peter is addressing the entire group of people, here the word “us” refers only to the apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	1	17	q73y			0	Connecting Statement:	In verse 17 Peter continues his speech to the believers that he began in [Acts 1:16](../01/16.md).
ACT	1	18	dd58		οὗτος…οὖν	1	Now this man	The words “this man” refers to Judas Iscariot.
ACT	1	18	w83j	figs-explicit	μισθοῦ τῆς ἀδικίας	1	the earnings he received for his wickedness	“the money that he earned from the evil thing that he did.” The words “his wickedness” refer to Judas Iscariot’s betraying Jesus to the people who killed him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	1	18	kg3q	figs-explicit	πρηνὴς γενόμενος, ἐλάκησεν μέσος, καὶ ἐξεχύθη πάντα τὰ σπλάγχνα αὐτοῦ	1	there he fell headfirst, and his body burst open, and all his intestines poured out	This suggests that Judas fell from a high place, rather than just falling down. The fall was severe enough to cause his body to burst open. Other passages of scripture mention that he hanged himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	1	19	mxf3		Χωρίον Αἵματος	1	Field of Blood	When the people living in Jerusalem heard of the way in which Judas died, they renamed the field.
ACT	1	20	d7pk			0	General Information:	Based on the situation with Judas that Peter just recounted, he recalls two Psalms of David that relate to the incident. The quote ends at the end of this verse.
ACT	1	20	mz13			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter continues his speech to the believers that he began in [Acts 1:16](../01/16.md).
ACT	1	20	ip5w	figs-activepassive	γέγραπται γὰρ ἐν βίβλῳ Ψαλμῶν	1	For it is written in the Book of Psalms	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For David wrote in the Book of Psalms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	1	20	mc45	figs-parallelism	γενηθήτω ἡ ἔπαυλις αὐτοῦ ἔρημος, καὶ μὴ ἔστω ὁ κατοικῶν ἐν αὐτῇ	1	Let his field be made desolate, and do not let even one person live there	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ACT	1	20	chq4	figs-metaphor	γενηθήτω ἡ ἔπαυλις αὐτοῦ ἔρημος	1	Let his field be made desolate	Possible meanings are (1) that the word “field” refers to the field where Judas died or (2) that the word “field” refers to Judas’s dwelling place and is a metaphor for his family line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	1	20	lsm2		γενηθήτω…ἔρημος	1	be made desolate	“become empty”
ACT	1	21	xz69	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “us” refers to the apostles and does not include the audience to whom Peter is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	1	21	t916			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter finishes his speech to the believers that he began in [Acts 1:16](../01/16.md).
ACT	1	21	c5k2		δεῖ οὖν	1	It is necessary, therefore	Based on the scriptures that he quoted and on what Judas had done, Peter tells the group what they must do.
ACT	1	21	zuf7	figs-idiom	εἰσῆλθεν καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς ὁ Κύριος Ἰησοῦς	1	the Lord Jesus went in and out among us	Going in and out among a group of people is a metaphor for openly being part of that group. Alternate translation: “the Lord Jesus lived among us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	1	22	mrx7		ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τοῦ βαπτίσματος Ἰωάννου ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἧς ἀνελήμφθη ἀφ’ ἡμῶν, μάρτυρα τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ σὺν ἡμῖν, γενέσθαι ἕνα τούτων	1	beginning from the baptism of John…become a witness with us of his resurrection	The qualification for the new apostle that began with the words “It is necessary…that one of the men who accompanied us” in verse 21 ends here. The subject of the verb “must be” is thus “one of the men.” Here is a reduced form of the sentence: “It is necessary…that one of the men who accompanied us…beginning from the baptism of John…must be a witness with us.”
ACT	1	22	qb8j	figs-abstractnouns	ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τοῦ βαπτίσματος Ἰωάννου	1	beginning from the baptism of John	The noun “baptism” can be translated as a verb. Possible meanings: (1) “beginning from when John baptized Jesus” or (2) “beginning from when John baptized people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	1	22	yi3a	figs-activepassive	ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἧς ἀνελήμφθη ἀφ’ ἡμῶν	1	to the day that he was taken up from us	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until the day when Jesus left us and rose up to heaven” or “until the day that God took him up from us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	1	22	g3n9		μάρτυρα τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ σὺν ἡμῖν, γενέσθαι	1	become a witness with us of his resurrection	“must begin to testify with us about his resurrection”
ACT	1	23	lz7y	figs-explicit	ἔστησαν δύο	1	They put forward two men	Here the word “They” refers to all of the believers who were present. Alternate translation: “They proposed two men who fulfilled the requirements that Peter listed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	1	23	s1ff	figs-activepassive	Ἰωσὴφ τὸν καλούμενον Βαρσαββᾶν, ὃς ἐπεκλήθη Ἰοῦστος	1	Joseph called Barsabbas, who was also named Justus	This can be translated with an active form. Alternate translation: “Joseph, whom people also called Barsabbas and Justus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	1	24	zd1f	figs-explicit	προσευξάμενοι, εἶπαν	1	They prayed and said	Here the word “They” refers to all of the believers, but it was probably one of the apostles who spoke these words. Alternate translation: “The believers prayed together and one of the apostles said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	1	24	se6m	figs-metonymy	σὺ Κύριε, καρδιογνῶστα πάντων	1	You, Lord, know the hearts of all people	Here the word “hearts” refers to the thoughts and motives. Alternate translation: “You, Lord, know the thoughts and motives of everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	1	25	mg47	figs-doublet	λαβεῖν τὸν τόπον τῆς διακονίας ταύτης καὶ ἀποστολῆς	1	to take the place in this ministry and apostleship	Here the word “apostleship” defines what kind of “ministry” this is. Alternate translation: “to take Judas’ place in this apostolic ministry” or “to take Judas’ place in serving as an apostle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ACT	1	25	ryv6		ἀφ’ ἧς παρέβη Ἰούδας	1	from which Judas turned away	Here the expression “turned away” means that Judas stopped performing this ministry. Alternate translation: “which Judas stopped fulfilling”
ACT	1	25	tx6n	figs-euphemism	πορευθῆναι εἰς τὸν τόπον τὸν ἴδιον	1	to go to his own place	This phrase refers to Judas’ death and likely to his judgment after death. Alternate translation: “to go where he belongs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
ACT	1	26	r84c		ἔδωκαν κλήρους αὐτοῖς	1	They cast lots for them	The apostles cast lots to decide between Joseph and Matthias.
ACT	1	26	w4ph		ἔπεσεν ὁ κλῆρος ἐπὶ Μαθθίαν	1	the lot fell to Matthias	The lot indicated that Matthias was the one to replace Judas.
ACT	1	26	fk4x	figs-activepassive	συνκατεψηφίσθη μετὰ τῶν ἕνδεκα ἀποστόλων	1	he was numbered with the eleven apostles	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the believers considered him to be an apostle with the other eleven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	2	intro	x8fr			1		# Acts 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 2:17-21, 25-28, and 34-35.<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted material in 2:31.<br><br>The events described in this chapter are commonly called “Pentecost.” Many people believe that the church began to exist when the Holy Spirit came to live inside believers in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Tongues<br><br>The word “tongues” has two meanings in this chapter. Luke describes what came down from heaven ([Acts 2:3](../../act/02/03.md)) as tongues that looked like fire. This is different from “a tongue of flame,” which is a fire that looks like a tongue. Luke also uses the word “tongues” to describe the languages that the people spoke after the Holy Spirit filled them ([Acts 2:4](../02/04.md)).<br><br>### Last days<br><br>No one knows for sure when the “last days” ([Acts 2:17](../../act/02/17.md)) began. Your translation should not say more than the ULT does about this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])<br><br>### Baptize<br><br>The word “baptize” in this chapter refers to Christian baptism ([Acts 2:38-41](../02/38.md)). Though the event described in [Acts 2:1-11](./01.md) is the baptism of the Holy Spirit that Jesus promised in [Acts 1:5](../../act/01/05.md), the word “baptize” here does not refer to that event. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/baptize]])<br><br>### The prophecy of Joel<br><br>Many of the things that Joel said would happen did happen on the day of Pentecost ([Acts 2:17-18](../02/17.md)), but some things Joel spoke of did not happen ([Acts 2:19-20](../02/19.md)). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>### Wonders and signs<br><br>These words refer to things that only God could do that showed that Jesus is who the disciples said he is.
ACT	2	1	i4sa			0	General Information:	This is a new event; it is now the Day of Pentecost, 50 days after Passover.
ACT	2	1	i4sb			0	General Information:	Here the word “they” refers to the apostles and the other 120 believers that Luke mentions in [Acts 1:15](../01/15.md).
ACT	2	2	jc1w		ἄφνω	1	Suddenly	This word refers to an event that happens unexpectedly.
ACT	2	2	qjc3		ἐγένετο…ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἦχος	1	there came from heaven a sound	Possible meanings are (1) “heaven” refers to the place where God lives. Alternate translation: “a sound came from heaven” or (2) “heaven” refers to the sky. Alternate translation: “a sound came from the sky”
ACT	2	2	jec5		ἦχος, ὥσπερ φερομένης πνοῆς βιαίας	1	a sound like the rush of a violent wind	“a noise that sounded like a very strong wind blowing”
ACT	2	2	t4y4		ὅλον τὸν οἶκον	1	the whole house	This may have been a house or a larger building.
ACT	2	3	re3t	figs-simile	ὤφθησαν αὐτοῖς…γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρός	1	There appeared to them tongues like fire	These might not be actual tongues or fire, but something that looked like them. Possible meanings are (1) tongues that looked like they were made of fire or (2) small flames of fire that looked like tongues. When fire burns in a small space, such as on a lamp, the flame can be shaped like a tongue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ACT	2	3	xtk4		διαμεριζόμεναι…καὶ ἐκάθισεν ἐφ’ ἕνα ἕκαστον αὐτῶν	1	that were distributed, and they sat upon each one of them	This means that the “tongues like fire” spread out so that there was one on each person.
ACT	2	4	v7hi	figs-activepassive	ἐπλήσθησαν πάντες Πνεύματος Ἁγίου, καὶ	1	They were all filled with the Holy Spirit and	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Holy Spirit filled all of those who were there and they” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	2	4	nr9f		λαλεῖν ἑτέραις γλώσσαις	1	speak in other tongues	They were speaking in languages that they did not already know.
ACT	2	5	dz1l	writing-background		0	General Information:	Here the word “them” refers to the believers; the word “his” refers to each person in the multitude. Verse 5 gives background information about the large number of Jews who were living in Jerusalem, many of whom were present during this event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	2	5	yft2		ἄνδρες εὐλαβεῖς	1	godly men	Here “godly men” refers to people who were devout in their worship of God and tried to obey all of the Jewish laws.
ACT	2	5	stq9	figs-hyperbole	παντὸς ἔθνους τῶν ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανόν	1	every nation under heaven	“every nation in the world.” The word “every” is an exaggeration that emphasizes that the people came from many different nations. Alternate translation: “many different nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	2	6	bpj7	figs-activepassive	γενομένης δὲ τῆς φωνῆς ταύτης	1	When this sound was heard	This refers to the sound that was similar to a strong wind. Alternate translation: “When they heard this sound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	2	6	u9hc		τὸ πλῆθος	1	the multitude	“the large crowd of people”
ACT	2	7	m8kd	figs-doublet	ἐξίσταντο δὲ πάντες καὶ ἐθαύμαζον	1	They were amazed and marveled	These two words share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the intensity of amazement. Alternate translation: “They were greatly amazed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ACT	2	7	wnk2	figs-rquestion	οὐχ ἰδοὺ, ἅπαντες οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ λαλοῦντες Γαλιλαῖοι	1	Really, are not all these who are speaking Galileans?	The people ask this question to express their amazement. The question could be changed to an exclamation. Alternate translation: “All of these Galileans could not possibly know our languages!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
ACT	2	8	hzm8	figs-rquestion	καὶ πῶς ἡμεῖς ἀκούομεν ἕκαστος τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ ἡμῶν, ἐν ᾗ ἐγεννήθημεν	1	Why is it that we are hearing them, each in our own language in which we were born?	Possible meanings are (1) this is a rhetorical question that expresses how amazed they were or (2) this is a real question for which the people wanted an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	2	8	wb5t		τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ ἡμῶν, ἐν ᾗ ἐγεννήθημεν	1	in our own language in which we were born	“in our own languages that we have learned from birth”
ACT	2	9	f1ve	translate-names	Πάρθοι,…Μῆδοι,…Ἐλαμεῖται	1	Parthians…Medes…Elamites	These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	2	9	dm23	translate-names	τὴν Μεσοποταμίαν, Ἰουδαίαν;…Καππαδοκίαν, Πόντον,…Ἀσίαν;	1	Mesopotamia…Judea…Cappadocia…Pontus…Asia	These are names of large areas of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	2	10	tmb4	translate-names	Φρυγίαν,…Παμφυλίαν, Αἴγυπτον,…Λιβύης…Κυρήνην	1	Phrygia…Pamphylia…Egypt…Libya…Cyrene	These are names of large areas of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	2	11	jnp7	translate-names	Κρῆτες…Ἄραβες	1	Cretans…Arabians	These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	2	11	w8jy		προσήλυτοι	1	proselytes	converts to the Jewish religion
ACT	2	12	el2f	figs-doublet	ἐξίσταντο…καὶ διηποροῦντο	1	amazed and perplexed	These two words share similar meanings. Together they emphasize that the people could not understand what was happening. Alternate translation: “surprised and confused” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ACT	2	13	fg59	figs-idiom	γλεύκους μεμεστωμένοι εἰσίν	1	They are full of new wine	Some people accuse the believers of having drunk too much wine. Alternate translation: “They are drunk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	2	13	jj1n		γλεύκους	1	new wine	This refers to wine that is in the process of fermentation.
ACT	2	14	k5hr			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter begins his speech to the Jews who were there on the Day of Pentecost.
ACT	2	14	c919		σταθεὶς…σὺν τοῖς ἕνδεκα	1	stood with the eleven	All the apostles stood up in support of Peter’s statement.
ACT	2	14	d9tb		ἐπῆρεν τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῦ	1	raised his voice	This is an idiom for “spoke loudly.” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom)
ACT	2	14	ei5j	figs-activepassive	τοῦτο ὑμῖν γνωστὸν ἔστω	1	let this be known to you	This means that Peter is about to explain the meaning of what the people had witnessed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “know this” or “let me explain this to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	2	14	qp16	figs-metonymy	ἐνωτίσασθε τὰ ῥήματά μου	1	pay attention to my words	Peter was referring to what he was saying. Alternate translation: “listen carefully to what I am saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	2	15	h28q	figs-explicit	γὰρ…ὥρα τρίτη τῆς ἡμέρας	1	it is only the third hour of the day	“It is only nine o’clock in the morning.” Peter expected his audience to know that people do not get drunk that early in the day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	2	16	ktw9			0	General Information:	Here Peter tells them a passage about which the prophet Joel wrote in the Old Testament that relates to what is happening with the languages in which the believers spoke. This is written in the form of poetry as well as being a quotation.
ACT	2	16	f9hz	figs-activepassive	τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ εἰρημένον διὰ τοῦ προφήτου Ἰωήλ	1	this is what was spoken through the prophet Joel	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “this is what God told the prophet Joel to write” or “this is that which the prophet Joel spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	2	17	ijl8		ἔσται	1	It will be	“This is what will happen” or “This is what I will do”
ACT	2	17	u2d1	figs-idiom	ἐκχεῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Πνεύματός μου ἐπὶ πᾶσαν σάρκα	1	I will pour out my Spirit on all people	Here the words “pour out” mean to give generously and abundantly. Alternate translation: “I will give my Spirit abundantly to all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	2	18	uwd7			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter continues to quote the prophet Joel.
ACT	2	18	nd34		τοὺς δούλους μου, καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς δούλας	1	my servants and my female servants	“both my male and my female servants.” These words emphasize that God will pour out his Spirit on all of his servants, both men and women.
ACT	2	18	wz2i	figs-idiom	ἐκχεῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Πνεύματός μου	1	I will pour out my Spirit	Here the words “pour out” mean to give generously and abundantly. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:17](../02/17.md). Alternate translation: “I will give my Spirit abundantly to all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	2	19	p5zi		ἀτμίδα καπνοῦ	1	vapor of smoke	“thick smoke” or “clouds of smoke”
ACT	2	20	ylv7			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter finishes quoting the prophet Joel.
ACT	2	20	a6yh	figs-activepassive	ὁ ἥλιος μεταστραφήσεται εἰς σκότος	1	The sun will be turned to darkness	This means that the sun will appear to be dark instead of light. Alternate translation: “The sun will become dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	2	20	f34k	figs-metaphor	ἡ σελήνη εἰς αἷμα	1	the moon to blood	This means that the moon will appear to be red like blood. Alternate translation: “the moon will appear to be red” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ACT	2	20	swb2	figs-doublet	ἡμέραν…τὴν μεγάλην καὶ ἐπιφανῆ	1	the great and remarkable day	The words “great” and “remarkable” share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of greatness. Alternate translation: “the very great day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ACT	2	20	lc4g		ἐπιφανῆ	1	remarkable	great and beautiful
ACT	2	21	vql5	figs-activepassive	πᾶς ὃς ἂν ἐπικαλέσηται τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου σωθήσεται	1	everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Lord will save everyone who calls on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	2	22	sa78			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 1:16](../01/16.md).
ACT	2	22	g6vj		ἀκούσατε τοὺς λόγους τούτους	1	hear these words	“listen to what I am about to say”
ACT	2	22	f2t1		ἀποδεδειγμένον ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰς ὑμᾶς δυνάμεσι, καὶ τέρασι, καὶ σημείοις	1	accredited to you by God with the mighty deeds, and wonders, and signs	This means that God proved that he had appointed Jesus for his mission, and proved who he was by his many miracles.
ACT	2	23	s38b	figs-abstractnouns	τῇ, ὡρισμένῃ βουλῇ καὶ προγνώσει τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	by God’s predetermined plan and foreknowledge	The nouns “plan” and “foreknowledge” can be translated as verbs. This means that God planned out and knew beforehand what would happen to Jesus. Alternate translation: “because God planned out and knew beforehand everything that would happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	2	23	i6un	figs-activepassive	τοῦτον…ἔκδοτον	1	This man was handed over	Possible meanings: (1) “you handed Jesus over into the hands of his enemies” or (2) “Judas betrayed Jesus to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	2	23	f5kn		διὰ χειρὸς ἀνόμων, προσπήξαντες ἀνείλατε	1	you, by the hand of lawless men, put him to death by nailing him to a cross	Although “lawless men” actually crucified Jesus, Peter accuses the crowd of having killed him because they demanded his death.
ACT	2	23	e38a	figs-metonymy	διὰ χειρὸς ἀνόμων	1	by the hand of lawless men	Here “hand” refers to the actions of the lawless men. Alternate translation: “through the actions of lawless men” or “by what lawless men did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	2	23	f6kd		ἀνόμων	1	lawless men	Possible meanings are (1) the unbelieving Jews who accused Jesus of crimes or (2) the Roman soldiers who performed the execution of Jesus.
ACT	2	24	ei37	figs-idiom	ὃν ὁ Θεὸς ἀνέστησεν	1	But God raised him up	Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “But God caused him to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	2	24	s8j3	figs-metaphor	λύσας τὰς ὠδῖνας τοῦ θανάτου	1	freeing him from the pains of death	Peter speaks of dying as if death were a person who ties people up with painful ropes and holds them captive. He speaks of God ending Christ’s death as if God broke the ropes that held Chist and set Christ free. Alternate translation: “ending the pains of death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ACT	2	24	ykq4	figs-activepassive	κρατεῖσθαι αὐτὸν ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ	1	for him to be held by it	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for death to hold him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	2	24	vuf4	figs-personification	κρατεῖσθαι αὐτὸν ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ	1	for him to be held by it	Peter speaks of Christ remaining dead as if death were a person who held him captive. Alternate translation: “for him to remain dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ACT	2	25	dd5a			0	General Information:	Here Peter quotes a passage that David wrote in a Psalm which relates to Jesus’ crucifixion and resurrection. Since Peter says that David said these words about Jesus, the words “I” and “my” refer to Jesus and the words “Lord” and “he” refer to God.
ACT	2	25	n2ls	figs-synecdoche	ἐνώπιόν μου	1	before my face	“in front of me.” Alternate translation: “in my presence” or “with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	2	25	l6xp	figs-synecdoche	ἐκ δεξιῶν μού	1	beside my right hand	To be at someone’s “right hand” often means to be in a position to help and sustain. Alternate translation: “right beside me” or “with me to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	2	25	s4yp	figs-activepassive	μὴ σαλευθῶ	1	I should not be moved	Here the word “moved” means to be troubled. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will not be able to cause me trouble” or “nothing will trouble me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	2	26	z8vw	figs-synecdoche	ηὐφράνθη ἡ καρδία μου, καὶ ἠγαλλιάσατο ἡ γλῶσσά μου	1	my heart was glad and my tongue rejoiced	People consider the “heart” the center of emotions and the “tongue” voices those emotions. Alternate translation: “I was glad and rejoiced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	2	26	zz6k	figs-synecdoche	ἡ σάρξ μου κατασκηνώσει ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι	1	my flesh will live in certain hope	Possible meanings of the word “flesh” are (1) he is a mortal who will die. Alternate translation: “Even though I am only mortal, I will have confidence in God” or (2) it is synecdoche for his entire person. Alternate translation: “I will live with confidence in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	2	27	whi3			0	General Information:	Since Peter says that David said these words about Jesus, the words “my,” “Holy One,” and “me” refer to Jesus and the words “you” and “your” refer to God.
ACT	2	27	m3ij			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter finishes quoting David.
ACT	2	27	rld3	figs-123person	οὐδὲ δώσεις τὸν Ὅσιόν σου ἰδεῖν διαφθοράν	1	neither will you allow your Holy One to see decay	The Messiah, Jesus, refers to himself with the words “your Holy One.” Alternate translation: “neither will you allow me, your Holy One, to see decay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ACT	2	27	l5cd	figs-explicit	ἰδεῖν διαφθοράν	1	to see decay	Here the word “see” means to experience something. The word “decay” refers to the decomposition of his body after death. Alternate translation: “to decay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	2	28	gsk6		ὁδοὺς ζωῆς	1	the ways of life	“the ways that lead to life”
ACT	2	28	y7gf	figs-metonymy	πληρώσεις με εὐφροσύνης μετὰ τοῦ προσώπου σου	1	you will fill me with gladness in your presence	Here the word “face” refers to the presence of God. Alternate translation: “very glad when I see you” or “very glad when I am in your presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	2	28	ej5m		εὐφροσύνης	1	gladness	joy, happiness
ACT	2	29	wh97			0	General Information:	In verses 29 & 30, the words he,” “his,” and “him” refer to David. In verse 31, the first “He” refers to David and the words within the quote “He” and “his” refer to Christ.
ACT	2	29	pv1x			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter continues his speech that he began in [Acts 1:16](../01/16.md) to the Jews that surround him and the other believers in Jerusalem.
ACT	2	29	ps7c		ἀδελφοί, ἐξὸν	1	Brothers, I am permitted	“My fellow Jews, I”
ACT	2	29	vtc6	figs-activepassive	καὶ ἐτελεύτησεν καὶ ἐτάφη	1	he both died and was buried	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he died and people buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	2	30	hq71	figs-metonymy	ἐκ καρποῦ τῆς ὀσφύος αὐτοῦ, καθίσαι ἐπὶ τὸν θρόνον αὐτοῦ	1	he would set one of the fruit of his body upon his throne	“God would set one of David’s descendants upon David’s throne.” Alternate translation: “God would appoint one of David’s descendants to be king in David’s place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	2	30	x11q	figs-idiom	ἐκ καρποῦ τῆς ὀσφύος αὐτοῦ	1	one of the fruit of his body	Here the word “fruit” refers to what “his body” produces. Alternate translation: “one of his descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	2	31	tn4b	figs-activepassive	οὔτε ἐνκατελείφθη εἰς ᾍδην	1	He was neither abandoned to Hades	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God did not abandon him to Hades” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	2	31	up5x	figs-explicit	οὔτε ἡ σὰρξ αὐτοῦ εἶδεν διαφθοράν	1	nor did his flesh see decay	Here the word “see” means to experience something. The word “decay” refers to the decomposition of his body after death. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:27](../02/27.md). Alternate translation: “nor did his flesh decay” or “nor did he remain dead long enough for his flesh to decay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	2	32	kw6a	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here, the second word “this” refers to the disciples’ speaking in other languages when they received the Holy Spirit. The word “we” refers to the disciples and those that witnessed the risen Jesus after his death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	2	32	udn1	figs-idiom	ἀνέστησεν ὁ Θεός	1	God raised him up	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “God caused him to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	2	33	kij2	figs-activepassive	τῇ δεξιᾷ…τοῦ Θεοῦ ὑψωθεὶς	1	having been exalted to the right hand of God	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because God has exalted Jesus up to his right hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	2	33	c9mr	figs-idiom	τῇ δεξιᾷ…τοῦ Θεοῦ ὑψωθεὶς	1	having been exalted to the right hand of God	“Right hand of God” here is an idiom that means that Christ will rule as God, with God’s authority. Alternate translation: “Christ is in the position of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	2	33	c1dr	figs-idiom	ἐξέχεεν…ὃ	1	he has poured out what	Here the words “poured out” mean that Jesus, who is God, made these events to happen. It is implicit that he does this by giving the Holy Spirit to the believers. Alternate translation: “he has caused to happen these things that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	2	33	wsg9	figs-idiom	ἐξέχεεν	1	poured out	Here the words “pour out” mean to give generously and abundantly. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Acts 2:17](../02/17.md). Alternate translation: “given abundantly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	2	34	i8wu			0	General Information:	Peter again quotes one of David’s Psalms. David is not speaking of himself in this Psalm. “The Lord” and “my” refer to God; “my Lord” and “your” refer to Jesus the Messiah.
ACT	2	34	m7fy			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter finishes his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 1:16](../01/16.md).
ACT	2	34	kvn8	translate-symaction	κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου	1	Sit at my right hand	To sit at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “Sit in the place of honor beside me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT	2	35	nf1x	figs-metaphor	ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου	1	until I make your enemies the stool for your feet	This means that God will completely defeat the Messiah’s enemies and make them subject to him. Alternate translation: “until I make you victorious over all of your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	2	36	pnp5	figs-idiom	πᾶς οἶκος Ἰσραὴλ	1	all the house of Israel	This refers to the entire nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “every Israelite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	2	37	xan1			0	General Information:	Here the word “they” refers to the people in the crowd to whom Peter spoke.
ACT	2	37	w1ma			0	Connecting Statement:	The Jews respond to Peter’s speech and Peter answers them.
ACT	2	37	zls6		ἀκούσαντες	1	when they heard this	“when the people heard what Peter had said”
ACT	2	37	s85q	figs-activepassive	κατενύγησαν τὴν καρδίαν	1	they were pierced in their hearts	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Peter’s words pierced their hearts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	2	37	l15x	figs-idiom	κατενύγησαν τὴν καρδίαν	1	pierced in their hearts	This means that the people felt guilty and became very sad. Alternate translation: “deeply troubled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	2	38	cmb7	figs-activepassive	βαπτισθήτω	1	be baptized	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “allow us to baptize you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	2	38	geb2	figs-metonymy	ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	in the name of Jesus Christ	“In the name of” here is a metonym for “by the authority of” Alternate translation: “by the authority of Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	2	39	v8vi		πᾶσι τοῖς εἰς μακρὰν	1	all who are far off	This means either (1) “all people who live far away” or (2) “all people who are far from God.”
ACT	2	40	k1kj	writing-endofstory		0		This is the end of the part of the story that happened on the Day of Pentecost. Verse 42 begins a section that explains how the believers continued to live after the Day of Pentecost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
ACT	2	40	v6ip	figs-doublet	διεμαρτύρατο, καὶ παρεκάλει αὐτοὺς	1	he testified and urged them	“he seriously told them and begged them.” Here the words “testified” and “urged” share similar meanings and emphasize that Peter urged them strongly to respond to what he was saying. Alternate translation: “he strongly urged them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ACT	2	40	wtd5	figs-explicit	σώθητε ἀπὸ τῆς γενεᾶς τῆς σκολιᾶς ταύτης	1	Save yourselves from this wicked generation	The implication is that God will punish “this wicked generation.” Alternate translation: “Save yourselves from the punishment that these wicked people will suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	2	41	r9qz	figs-idiom	οἱ…ν ἀποδεξάμενοι τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ	1	they received his word	Here the word “received” means that they accepted what Peter said to be true. Alternate translation: “they believed what Peter said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	2	41	kz64	figs-activepassive	ἐβαπτίσθησαν	1	were baptized	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people baptized them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	2	41	a47f	figs-activepassive	προσετέθησαν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ, ψυχαὶ ὡσεὶ τρισχίλιαι	1	there were added in that day about three thousand souls	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “about three thousand souls joined the believers on that day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	2	41	sv5j	figs-synecdoche	ψυχαὶ ὡσεὶ τρισχίλιαι	1	about three thousand souls	Here the word “souls” refers to people. Alternate translation: “about 3,000 people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ACT	2	42	gc59	figs-synecdoche	κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου	1	the breaking of bread	Bread was part of their meals. Possible meanings are (1) this refers to any meals they might eat together. Alternate translation: “eating meals together” or (2) this refers to the meals they would eat together in order to remember Christ’s death and resurrection. Alternate translation: “eating the Lord’s Supper together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	2	43	gi9v	figs-synecdoche	ἐγίνετο δὲ πάσῃ ψυχῇ φόβος	1	Fear came upon every soul	Here the word “Fear” refers to deep respect and awe for God. The word “soul” refers to the entire person. Alternate translation: “Each person felt a deep respect and awe for God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	2	43	ys3y	figs-activepassive	πολλά τε τέρατα καὶ σημεῖα διὰ τῶν ἀποστόλων ἐγίνετο	1	many wonders and signs were done through the apostles	Possible meanings are (1) “the apostles performed many wonders and signs” or (2) “God performed many wonders and signs through the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	2	43	q6dm		τέρατα καὶ σημεῖα	1	wonders and signs	“miraculous deeds and supernatural events.” See how you translated this in [Acts 2:22](../02/22.md).
ACT	2	44	u8qk		πάντες δὲ οἱ πιστεύοντες ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ	1	All who believed were together	Possible meanings are (1) “All of them believed the same thing” or (2) “All who believed were together in the same place.”
ACT	2	44	jy2w		εἶχον ἅπαντα κοινά	1	had all things in common	“shared their belongings with one another”
ACT	2	45	h8tn		κτήματα καὶ τὰς ὑπάρξεις	1	property and possessions	“land and things they owned”
ACT	2	45	f74s	figs-metonymy	διεμέριζον αὐτὰ πᾶσιν	1	distributed them to all	Here the word “them” refers to the profit that they made from selling their property and possessions. Alternate translation: “distributed the proceeds to all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	2	45	n9hi		καθότι ἄν τις χρείαν εἶχεν	1	according to the needs anyone had	They distributed the proceeds that they earned from selling their property and possessions to any believer who had a need.
ACT	2	46	in43		προσκαρτεροῦντες ὁμοθυμαδὸν	1	they continued with one purpose	Possible meanings are (1) “they continued meeting together” or (2) “they all continued to have the same attitude.”
ACT	2	46	q1ge	figs-synecdoche	κλῶντές…κατ’ οἶκον ἄρτον	1	they broke bread in homes	Bread was part of their meals. Alternate translation: “they eat meals together in their homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	2	46	i2yk	figs-metonymy	ἐν ἀγαλλιάσει καὶ ἀφελότητι καρδίας	1	with glad and humble hearts	Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “joyfully and humbly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	2	47	z6ig		αἰνοῦντες τὸν Θεὸν καὶ ἔχοντες χάριν πρὸς ὅλον τὸν λαόν	1	praising God and having favor with all the people	“praising God. All the people approved of them”
ACT	2	47	kc42	figs-activepassive	τοὺς σῳζομένους	1	those who were being saved	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom the Lord saved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	3	intro	hpd9			0		# Acts 03 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The covenant God made with Abraham<br><br>This chapter explains that Jesus came to the Jews because God was fulfilling part of the covenant he had made with Abraham. Peter thought that the Jews were the ones who were truly guilty of killing Jesus, but he<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “You delivered up”<br><br>The Romans were the ones who killed Jesus, but they killed him because the Jews captured him, brought him to the Romans, and told the Romans to kill him. For this reason Peter thought that they were the ones who were truly guilty of killing Jesus. But he tells them that they are also the first ones to whom God has sent Jesus’ followers to invite them to repent ([Luke 3:26](../../luk/03/26.md)). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
ACT	3	1	u6nu	writing-background		0	General Information:	Verse 2 gives background information about the lame man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	3	1	b5rm			0	Connecting Statement:	One day Peter and John go to the temple.
ACT	3	1	br7i		εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν	1	into the temple	They did not go into the temple building where only the priests were allowed. Alternate translation: “to the temple courtyard” or “into the temple area”
ACT	3	2	f227	figs-activepassive	τις ἀνὴρ, χωλὸς ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς αὐτοῦ ὑπάρχων, ἐβαστάζετο, ὃν ἐτίθουν καθ’ ἡμέραν πρὸς τὴν θύραν τοῦ ἱεροῦ, τὴν λεγομένην Ὡραίαν	1	a man lame from birth was being carried every day to the Beautiful Gate of the temple	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Every day, people carried a certain man, lame from birth, and laid him near the Beautiful gate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	3	2	j68t		χωλὸς	1	lame	unable to walk
ACT	3	4	xq4u		ἀτενίσας…Πέτρος εἰς αὐτὸν σὺν τῷ Ἰωάννῃ εἶπεν	1	Peter, fastening his eyes upon him, with John, said	Both Peter and John looked at the man, but only Peter spoke.
ACT	3	4	t1q9	figs-idiom	ἀτενίσας…εἰς αὐτὸν	1	fastening his eyes upon him	Possible meanings are (1) “looking directly at him” or (2) “looking intently at him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	3	5	e3c6		ὁ…ἐπεῖχεν αὐτοῖς	1	The lame man looked at them	Here the word “looked” means to pay attention to something. Alternate translation: “The lame man paid close attention to them”
ACT	3	6	x6bm	figs-metonymy	ἀργύριον καὶ χρυσίον	1	Silver and gold	These words refer to money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	3	6	zi9t	figs-explicit	ὃ…ἔχω	1	what I do have	It is understood that Peter has the ability to heal the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	3	6	t2vf	figs-metonymy	ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	In the name of Jesus Christ	Here the word “name” refers to power and authority. Alternate translation: “With the authority of Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	3	7	ec6j		ἤγειρεν αὐτόν	1	he raised him up	“Peter caused him to stand”
ACT	3	8	abc1		ἐξαλλόμενος, ἔστη καὶ περιεπάτει, καὶ εἰσῆλθεν	1	leaping up, he stood and began to walk; and he entered	The lame man did these actions.
ACT	3	8	zp7x		εἰσῆλθεν…εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν	1	he entered…into the temple	He did not go inside the temple building where only the priests were allowed. Alternate translation: “he entered…the temple area” or “he entered…into the temple courtyard”
ACT	3	10	zy7h		ἐπεγίνωσκον…ὅτι αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ	1	noticed that it was the man	“realized that it was the man” or “recognized him as the man”
ACT	3	10	p2zh		τῇ Ὡραίᾳ Πύλῃ	1	the Beautiful Gate	This was the name of one of the entrances to the temple area. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Acts 3:2](../03/02.md).
ACT	3	10	j6zf	figs-doublet	ἐπλήσθησαν θάμβους καὶ ἐκστάσεως	1	they were filled with wonder and amazement	Here the words “wonder” and “amazement” share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of the people’s amazement. Alternate translation: “they were extremely amazed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ACT	3	11	g4y1	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	The phrase “in the porch that is called Solomon’s” makes it clear that they were not inside the temple where only the priests were allowed to enter. Here the words “us” and “we” refer to Peter and John but not to the crowd to whom Peter is talking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	3	11	eu1l			0	Connecting Statement:	After healing the man who could not walk, Peter talks to the people.
ACT	3	11	rj43		τῇ στοᾷ τῇ καλουμένῃ Σολομῶντος	1	the porch that is called Solomon’s	“Solomon’s Porch.” This was a covered walkway that consisted of rows of pillars that supported a roof, and which people named after king Solomon.
ACT	3	11	rk1m		ἔκθαμβοι	1	greatly marveling	“extremely surprised”
ACT	3	12	x9m9		ἰδὼν δὲ, ὁ Πέτρος	1	When Peter saw this	Here the word “this” refers to the amazement of the people.
ACT	3	12	ndi3		ἄνδρες, Ἰσραηλεῖται	1	You men of Israel	“Fellow Israelites.” Peter was addressing the crowd.
ACT	3	12	uyg1	figs-rquestion	τί θαυμάζετε	1	why do you marvel?	Peter asks this question to emphasize that they should not be surprised by what had happened. Alternate translation: “you should not be surprised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	3	12	j6ld	figs-rquestion	ἡμῖν τί ἀτενίζετε, ὡς ἰδίᾳ δυνάμει ἢ εὐσεβείᾳ πεποιηκόσιν τοῦ περιπατεῖν αὐτόν	1	Why do you fix your eyes on us, as if we had made him to walk by our own power or godliness?	Peter asks this question to emphasize that the people should not think that he and John had healed the man by their own abilities. This could be written as two statements. Alternate translation: “Do not fix your eyes on us. We did not make him walk by our own power or godliness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	3	12	mwd9	figs-idiom	ἡμῖν…ἀτενίζετε	1	fix your eyes on us	This means that they looked intently at them without stopping. Alternate translation: “stare at us” or “look at us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	3	13	q8q2			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 3:12](../03/12.md).
ACT	3	13	cp1j	figs-idiom	ἠρνήσασθε κατὰ πρόσωπον Πειλάτου	1	rejected before the face of Pilate	Here the phrase “before the face of” means “in the presence of.” Alternate translation: “rejected in Pilate’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	3	13	yy96		κρίναντος ἐκείνου ἀπολύειν	1	when he had decided to release him	“when Pilate had decided to release Jesus”
ACT	3	14	s6qj	figs-activepassive	ᾐτήσασθε ἄνδρα, φονέα χαρισθῆναι ὑμῖν	1	asked for a man who was a murderer to be released to you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for Pilate to release a murderer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	3	15	jwb1	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “we” includes just Peter and John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	3	15	ljn8	figs-metaphor	Ἀρχηγὸν τῆς ζωῆς	1	Founder of life	This refers to Jesus. Possible meanings are (1) “the one who gives people eternal life” or (2) “the ruler of life” or (3) “the founder of life” or (4) “the one who leads people to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	3	16	xu92		καὶ	1	Now	This word, “Now,” shifts the audiences’ attention to the lame man.
ACT	3	16	abc2		ἐπὶ τῇ πίστει τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ	1	by faith in his name	“by faith in the name of Jesus”
ACT	3	16	qt8w		ἐστερέωσεν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ	1	his name has made strong	“the name of Jesus has made well”
ACT	3	16	abc3		ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ	1	gave to him	“gave to the lame man”
ACT	3	17	v45t		καὶ νῦν	1	Now	Here Peter shifts the audience’s attention from the lame man and continues to talk to them directly.
ACT	3	17	x62k		κατὰ ἄγνοιαν ἐπράξατε	1	you acted in ignorance	Possible meanings are (1) that the people did not know that Jesus was the Messiah or (2) that the people did not understand the significance of what they were doing.
ACT	3	18	gcc1		ὁ…Θεὸς…προκατήγγειλεν διὰ στόματος πάντων τῶν προφητῶν	1	God foretold by the mouth of all the prophets	When the prophets spoke, it was as though God himself was speaking because he told them what to say. Alternate translation: “God foretold by telling all of the prophets what to speak”
ACT	3	18	ms6d		ὁ…Θεὸς…προκατήγγειλεν	1	God foretold	“God spoke about ahead of time” or “God told about before they happened”
ACT	3	18	z3l7	figs-metonymy	στόματος πάντων τῶν προφητῶν	1	the mouth of all the prophets	Here the word “mouth” refers to the words that the prophets spoke and wrote down. Alternate translation: “the words of all the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	3	19	cw18	figs-metaphor	καὶ ἐπιστρέψατε	1	and turn	“and turn to the Lord.” Here “turn” is a metaphor for starting to obey the Lord. Alternate translation: “and start obeying the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	3	19	zm6y	figs-activepassive	πρὸς τὸ ἐξαλειφθῆναι ὑμῶν τὰς ἁμαρτίας	1	so that your sins may be blotted out	Here “blotted out” is a metaphor for forgiving. Sins are spoken of as if they are written in a book and God erases them from the book when he forgives them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that God will forgive you for sinning against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	3	20	f2wm	figs-metonymy	ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ Κυρίου	1	from the presence of the Lord	Here the words “presence of the Lord” is a metonym for the Lord himself. Alternate translation: “from the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	3	20	x3ca		καιροὶ ἀναψύξεως ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ Κυρίου	1	periods of refreshing from the presence of the Lord	“times of relief from the presence of the Lord.” Possible meanings are (1) “times when God will strengthen your spirits” or (2) “times when God will revive you”
ACT	3	20	h3nk		ἀποστείλῃ τὸν προκεχειρισμένον ὑμῖν Χριστὸν	1	that he may send the Christ	“that he may again send the Christ.” This refers to Christ’s coming again.
ACT	3	20	yzr6	figs-activepassive	τὸν προκεχειρισμένον ὑμῖν	1	who has been appointed for you	This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom he has appointed for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	3	21	sj21			0	General Information:	In verses 22-23 Peter quotes something Moses told before the Messiah came.
ACT	3	21	u33e			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter continues his speech that he began in [Acts 3:12](../03/12.md) to the Jews who stood in the temple area.
ACT	3	21	vgn8	figs-personification	ὃν δεῖ οὐρανὸν μὲν δέξασθαι	1	He is the One heaven must receive	“He is the One heaven must welcome.” Peter speaks of heaven as if it were a person who welcomes Jesus into his home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ACT	3	21	y1ps		δεῖ οὐρανὸν μὲν δέξασθαι, ἄχρι	1	heaven must receive until	This means that it is necessary for Jesus to remain in heaven because that is what God has planned.
ACT	3	21	x2f3		ἄχρι χρόνων ἀποκαταστάσεως πάντων	1	until the time of the restoration of all things	Possible meanings are (1) “until the time when God will restore all things” or (2) “until the time when God will fulfill everything that he foretold.”
ACT	3	21	a2m8		ὧν ἐλάλησεν ὁ Θεὸς διὰ στόματος τῶν ἁγίων ἀπ’ αἰῶνος αὐτοῦ προφητῶν	1	about which God spoke long ago by the mouth of his holy prophets	When the prophets spoke long ago, it was as if God himself was speaking because he told them what to say. Alternate translation: “about which things God spoke long ago by telling his holy prophets to speak about them”
ACT	3	21	a12i	figs-metonymy	στόματος τῶν ἁγίων…αὐτοῦ προφητῶν	1	the mouth of his holy prophets	Here the word “mouth” refers to the words that the prophets spoke and wrote down. Alternate translation: “the words of his holy prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	3	22	v5nf		προφήτην…ἀναστήσει…ἐκ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὑμῶν, ὡς ἐμέ	1	will raise up a prophet like me from among your brothers	“will cause a one of your brothers to become a true prophet, and everyone will know about him”
ACT	3	22	t8di		τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὑμῶν	1	your brothers	“your nation”
ACT	3	23	t8a5	figs-activepassive		1	that prophet will be completely destroyed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that prophet, God will completely destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	3	24	y1z7			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter finishes his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 3:12](../03/12.md).
ACT	3	24	u6x3		καὶ πάντες δὲ οἱ προφῆται	1	Yes, and all the prophets	“In fact, all the prophets.” Here the word “Yes” adds emphasis to what follows.
ACT	3	24	xp9h		ἀπὸ Σαμουὴλ καὶ τῶν καθεξῆς	1	from Samuel and those who came after him	“beginning with Samuel and continuing with the prophets who lived after he did”
ACT	3	24	m9pr		τὰς ἡμέρας ταύτας	1	these days	“these times” or “the things that are happening now”
ACT	3	25	rh2n	figs-idiom	ὑμεῖς ἐστε οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν προφητῶν, καὶ τῆς διαθήκης	1	You are the sons of the prophets and of the covenant	Here the word “sons” refers to heirs who will receive what the prophets and the covenant promised. Alternate translation: “You are the heirs of the prophets and heirs of the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ACT	3	25	mad5		ἐν τῷ σπέρματί σου	1	In your seed	“Because of your offspring”
ACT	3	25	g31m	figs-activepassive	ἐνευλογηθήσονται πᾶσαι αἱ πατριαὶ τῆς γῆς	1	shall all the families of the earth be blessed	Here the word “families” refers to people groups or nations. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will bless all the people groups in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	3	26	b7tz		ἀναστήσας ὁ Θεὸς τὸν παῖδα αὐτοῦ	1	After God raised up his servant	“After God caused Jesus to become his servant and made him famous”
ACT	3	26	z5q6		τὸν παῖδα αὐτοῦ	1	his servant	This refers to the Messiah, Jesus.
ACT	3	26	x8ss	figs-metaphor	τῷ ἀποστρέφειν ἕκαστον ἀπὸ τῶν πονηριῶν ὑμῶν	1	turning every one of you from your wickedness	Here “turning…from” is a metaphor for causing someone stop doing something. Alternate translation: “causing every one of you to stop doing wicked things” or “causing every one of you to repent from your wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	4	intro	pv3a			0		# Acts 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 4:25-26.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Unity<br><br>The first Christians wanted very much to be united. They wanted to believe the same things and share everything they owned and help those who needed help.<br><br>### “Signs and wonders”<br><br>This phrase refers to things that only God can do. The Christians wanted God to do what only he can do so that people would believe that what they said about Jesus was true.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Cornerstone<br><br>The cornerstone was the first piece of stone that people put down when they were building a building. This is a metaphor for the most important part of something, the part on which everything depends. To say that Jesus is the cornerstone of the church is to say that nothing in the church is more important than Jesus and that everything about the church depends on Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Name<br><br>“There is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved” ([Acts 4:12](../../act/04/12.md)). With these words Peter was saying that no other person who has ever been on the earth or will ever be on earth can save people.
ACT	4	1	ew3l			0	Connecting Statement:	The religious leaders arrest Peter and John after Peter’s having healed the man who was born lame.
ACT	4	1	abc4		λαλούντων…αὐτῶν	1	As they were speaking	“As Peter and John were speaking”
ACT	4	1	d3tv		ἐπέστησαν αὐτοῖς	1	came upon them	“approached them” or “came to them”
ACT	4	2	m74s	figs-explicit	διαπονούμενοι	1	They were deeply troubled	“They were very angry.” The Sadducees, in particular, would have been angry about what Peter and John were saying because they did not believe in resurrection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	4	2	abc5		τὸ διδάσκειν αὐτοὺς	1	they were teaching	“Peter and John were teaching”
ACT	4	2	mg5l		καταγγέλλειν ἐν τῷ Ἰησοῦ τὴν ἀνάστασιν, τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	proclaiming in Jesus the resurrection from the dead	Peter and John were saying that God would raise people from the dead in the same way as he had raised Jesus from among the dead. Translate this in a way that allows “the resurrection” to refer to both Jesus’ resurrection and the general resurrection of other people.
ACT	4	2	np5g		τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	from the dead	From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To come back from among them speaks of becoming alive again.
ACT	4	3	zla7		ἐπέβαλον αὐτοῖς	1	They arrested them	“The priests, the captain of the temple, and the Sadducees arrested Peter and John”
ACT	4	3	h5f9		ἦν γὰρ ἑσπέρα	1	since it was now evening	It was common practice not to question people at night.
ACT	4	4	bm1f		ἀριθμὸς τῶν ἀνδρῶν	1	the number of the men	This refers only to men who believed and does not include how many women or children believed.
ACT	4	4	qd8g		ἐγενήθη…ὡς χιλιάδες πέντε	1	was about five thousand	“grew to about five thousand”
ACT	4	5	j6p8			0	General Information:	Here the word “their” refers to the Jewish people as a whole.
ACT	4	5	i9tj			0	Connecting Statement:	The rulers question Peter and John who answer without fear.
ACT	4	5	lw2d		ἐγένετο	1	It came about	This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
ACT	4	5	cdj1	figs-synecdoche	τοὺς ἄρχοντας, καὶ τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους, καὶ τοὺς γραμματεῖς	1	their rulers, elders and scribes	This is a reference to the Sanhedrin, the Jewish ruling court, which consisted of these three groups of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	4	6	l44n		Ἰωάννης, καὶ Ἀλέξανδρος	1	John, and Alexander	These two men were members of the high priest’s family. This is not the same John as the apostle.
ACT	4	7	abc6		στήσαντες αὐτοὺς	1	When they had set them	“When they had set Peter and John”
ACT	4	7	t1eq		ἐν ποίᾳ δυνάμει	1	By what power	“Who gave you power”
ACT	4	7	jc21	figs-metonymy	ἐν ποίῳ ὀνόματι	1	in what name	Here the word “name” refers to authority. Alternate translation: “by whose authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	4	8	su5x	figs-activepassive	τότε Πέτρος πλησθεὶς Πνεύματος Ἁγίου	1	Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit	This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “The Holy Spirit filled Peter and he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	4	9	pq85	figs-rquestion	εἰ ἡμεῖς σήμερον ἀνακρινόμεθα…ἐν τίνι οὗτος σέσωσται	1	if we this day are being questioned…by what means was this man made well?	Peter asks this question to clarify that this was the real reason that they were on trial. Alternate translation: “You are asking us this day…by what means we made this man well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	4	9	je6d	figs-activepassive	ἡμεῖς σήμερον ἀνακρινόμεθα	1	we this day are being questioned	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you are questioning us this day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	4	9	b92n	figs-activepassive	ἐν τίνι οὗτος σέσωσται	1	by what means was this man made well	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “by what means we have made this man well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	4	10	snd5	figs-activepassive	γνωστὸν ἔστω πᾶσιν ὑμῖν καὶ παντὶ τῷ λαῷ Ἰσραὴλ	1	May this be known to you all and to all the people of Israel	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May all of you and all of the people of Israel know this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	4	10	j3px		πᾶσιν ὑμῖν καὶ παντὶ τῷ λαῷ Ἰσραὴλ	1	to you all and to all the people of Israel	“to you who are questioning us and to all the other people of Israel”
ACT	4	10	khn7	figs-metonymy	ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Ναζωραίου	1	in the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth	Here the word “name” refers to power and authority. Alternate translation: “by the power of Jesus Christ of Nazareth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	4	10	jyj6	figs-idiom	ὃν ὁ Θεὸς ἤγειρεν ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	whom God raised from the dead,	Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “whom God caused to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	4	11	tdw8	figs-inclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “we” refers to Peter as well as those to whom he is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
ACT	4	11	nwg6			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter completes his speech to the Jewish religious rulers that he began in [Acts 4:8](../04/08.md).
ACT	4	11	w195	figs-metaphor	οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ λίθος…ὁ γενόμενος εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας	1	Jesus Christ is the stone…which has been made the head cornerstone	Peter is quoting from the Psalms. This is a metaphor that means the religious leaders, like builders, rejected Jesus, but God will made him the most important in his kingdom, as a cornerstone in a building is important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	4	11	f1nx		κεφαλὴν	1	head	Here the word “head” means “most important” or “vital.”
ACT	4	11	c1bh		ὑμῶν, τῶν οἰκοδόμων	1	you as builders despised	“you as builders rejected” or “you as builders rejected as worth nothing”
ACT	4	12	tq3z	figs-abstractnouns	καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἄλλῳ οὐδενὶ	1	There is no salvation in any other person	The noun “salvation” can be translated as a verb. This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “He is the only person who is able to save” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	4	12	l66w	figs-activepassive	οὐδὲ γὰρ ὄνομά ἐστιν ἕτερον ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανὸν τὸ δεδομένον ἐν ἀνθρώποις	1	no other name under heaven given among men	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no other name under heaven that God has given among men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	4	12	iz7k	figs-metonymy	οὐδὲ…ὄνομά…ἕτερον…δεδομένον ἐν ἀνθρώποις	1	no other name…given among men	The phrase “name…given among men” refers to the person of Jesus. Alternate translation: “no other person under heaven, who is given among men, by whom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	4	12	jm25	figs-idiom	ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανὸν	1	under heaven	This is a way of referring to everywhere in the world. Alternate translation: “in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	4	12	gg8h	figs-activepassive	ἐν ᾧ δεῖ σωθῆναι ἡμᾶς	1	by which we must be saved	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which can save us” or “who can save us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	4	13	xn39			0	General Information:	Here the second instance of “they” refers to Peter and John. All other occurrences of the word “they” in this section refer to the Jewish leaders.
ACT	4	13	t6kc	figs-explicit	τὴν τοῦ Πέτρου παρρησίαν καὶ Ἰωάννου	1	the boldness of Peter and John	Here the abstract noun “boldness” refers to the way in which Peter and John responded to the Jewish leaders, and can be translated with an adverb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “how boldly Peter and John had spoken” or “how bold Peter and John were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	4	13	p9pq		παρρησίαν	1	boldness	having no fear
ACT	4	13	qaa5	figs-explicit	καταλαβόμενοι ὅτι ἄνθρωποι ἀγράμματοί εἰσιν καὶ ἰδιῶται	1	realized that they were ordinary, uneducated men	The Jewish leaders “realized” this because of the way Peter and John spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	4	13	r6d6		καὶ καταλαβόμενοι	1	and realized	“and understood”
ACT	4	13	erv7	figs-doublet	ἄνθρωποι ἀγράμματοί…ἰδιῶτα	1	ordinary, uneducated men	The words “ordinary” and “uneducated” share similar meanings. They emphasize that Peter and John had received no formal training in Jewish law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ACT	4	14	h3cy	figs-activepassive	τόν…ἄνθρωπον…τὸν τεθεραπευμένον	1	the man who was healed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the man whom Peter and John had healed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	4	14	fq4w		οὐδὲν εἶχον ἀντειπεῖν	1	nothing to say against this	“nothing to say against Peter and John’s healing of the man.” Here the word “this” refers to what Peter and John had done.
ACT	4	15	ql31		αὐτοὺς	1	them	This refers to Peter and John.
ACT	4	16	p4g6	figs-rquestion	τί ποιήσωμεν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τούτοις	1	What shall we do to these men?	The Jewish leaders ask this question out of frustration because they could not think of what to do with Peter and John. Alternate translation: “There is nothing that we can do with these men!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	4	16	nh5s	figs-activepassive	γὰρ γνωστὸν σημεῖον γέγονεν δι’ αὐτῶν, πᾶσιν τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν Ἰερουσαλὴμ φανερόν	1	For the fact that a remarkable miracle has been done through them is known to everyone who lives in Jerusalem	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For everyone who lives in Jerusalem knows that they have done a remarkable miracle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	4	16	jn12	figs-hyperbole	πᾶσιν τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν Ἰερουσαλὴμ	1	everyone who lives in Jerusalem	This is a generalization. It may also be an exaggeration to show that the leaders think that this is a very big problem. Alternate translation: “many of the people who live in Jerusalem” or “people who live throughout Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	4	17	f71l	figs-explicit	ἵνα μὴ ἐπὶ πλεῖον διανεμηθῇ	1	in order that it spreads no further	Here the word “it” refers to any miracles or teaching Peter and John might continue to do. Alternate translation: “in order that news of this miracle spreads no further” or “in order that no more people hear about this miracle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	4	17	w52j	figs-metonymy	μηκέτι λαλεῖν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τούτῳ μηδενὶ ἀνθρώπων	1	not to speak anymore to anyone in this name	Here the word “name” refers to the person of Jesus. Alternate translation: “not to speak anymore to anyone about this person, Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	4	19	hf3u	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “we” refers to Peter and John but not to those whom they are addressing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	4	19	jf1d	figs-metonymy	εἰ δίκαιόν ἐστιν ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Whether it is right in the sight of God	Here the phrase “in the sight of God” refers to God’s opinion. Alternate translation: “Whether God thinks it is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	4	21	gy8d	writing-background		0	General Information:	Verse 22 gives background information about the age of the lame man who was healed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	4	21	y5y1		οἱ δὲ προσαπειλησάμενοι	1	After further warning	The Jewish leaders again threatened to punish Peter and John.
ACT	4	21	z2bx		μηδὲν εὑρίσκοντες τὸ πῶς κολάσωνται αὐτούς	1	They were unable to find any excuse to punish them	Although the Jewish leaders threatened Peter and John, they could not find a reason to punish them without causing the people to riot.
ACT	4	21	jbl6	figs-activepassive	ἐπὶ τῷ γεγονότι	1	for what had been done	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for what Peter and John had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	4	22	ju4w		ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ἐφ’ ὃν γεγόνει τὸ σημεῖον τοῦτο τῆς ἰάσεως	1	The man who had experienced this miracle of healing	“The man whom Peter and John had miraculously healed”
ACT	4	23	j3ap			0	General Information:	Speaking together, the people quote a Psalm of David from the Old Testament. Here the word “they” refers to the rest of the believers, but not to Peter and John.
ACT	4	23	j2cx	figs-explicit	ἦλθον πρὸς τοὺς ἰδίους	1	came to their own people	The phrase “their own people” refers to the rest of the believers. Alternate translation: “went to the other believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	4	24	zu28		ὁμοθυμαδὸν ἦραν φωνὴν πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν	1	they raised their voices together to God	To raise the voice is an idiom for speaking. “they began speaking together to God” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom)
ACT	4	25	vc5z		ὁ τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν, διὰ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου στόματος Δαυεὶδ παιδός σου εἰπών	1	You spoke by the Holy Spirit through the mouth of your servant, our father David	This means that the Holy Spirit caused David to speak or write down what God said.
ACT	4	25	ka83	figs-metonymy	τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν…στόματος Δαυεὶδ παιδός σου	1	through the mouth of your servant, our father David	Here the word “mouth” refers to the words that David spoke or wrote down. Alternate translation: “by the words of your servant, our father David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	4	25	kat6		τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν…Δαυεὶδ	1	our father David	Here “father” refers to “ancestor/”
ACT	4	25	f1x6	figs-rquestion	ἵνα τί ἐφρύαξαν ἔθνη, καὶ λαοὶ ἐμελέτησαν κενά	1	Why did the Gentile nations rage, and the peoples imagine useless things?	This is a rhetorical question that emphasizes the futility of opposing God. Alternate translation: “The Gentile nations should not have raged, and the peoples should not have imagined useless things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	4	25	w622	figs-explicit	λαοὶ ἐμελέτησαν κενά	1	the peoples imagine useless things	These “useless things” consist of plans to oppose God. Alternate translation: “the peoples imagine useless things against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	4	25	h6rc		λαοὶ	1	peoples	people groups
ACT	4	26	fb5a			0	Connecting Statement:	The believers complete their quotation from King David in the Psalms that they began in [Acts 4:25](../04/25.md).
ACT	4	26	w2by	figs-parallelism	παρέστησαν οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες συνήχθησαν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ κατὰ τοῦ Κυρίου	1	The kings of the earth set themselves together, and the rulers gathered together against the Lord	These two lines mean basically the same thing. The two lines emphasize the combined effort of the earth’s rulers to oppose God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ACT	4	26	w64b	figs-metonymy	παρέστησαν…συνήχθησαν	1	set themselves together…gathered together	These two phrases mean that they joined their armies together to fight a battle. Alternate translation: “set their armies together…gathered their troops together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	4	26	yv19		κατὰ τοῦ Κυρίου, καὶ κατὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ	1	against the Lord, and against his Christ	Here the word “Lord” refers to God. In the Psalms, the word “Christ” refers to the Messiah or God’s anointed one.
ACT	4	27	b1g9			0	Connecting Statement:	The believers continue praying.
ACT	4	27	nuc1		ἐν τῇ πόλει ταύτῃ	1	in this city	“this city” refers to Jerusalem.
ACT	4	27	ca33		τὸν ἅγιον παῖδά σου Ἰησοῦν	1	your holy servant Jesus	“Jesus who serves you faithfully”
ACT	4	28	yz7m	figs-metonymy	ποιῆσαι ὅσα ἡ χείρ σου, καὶ ἡ βουλὴ σου προώρισεν	1	to do all that your hand and your plan had decided	Here the word “hand” is used to mean God’s power. Additionally, the phrase “your hand and your desire decided” shows God’s power and plan. Alternate translation: “to do all that you had decided because you are powerful and did all that you planned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	4	29	b38z			0	Connecting Statement:	The believers complete their prayer that they began in [Acts 4:24](../04/24.md).
ACT	4	29	t5qm	figs-idiom	ἔπιδε ἐπὶ τὰς ἀπειλὰς αὐτῶν	1	look upon their warnings	Here the words “look upon” are a request for God to take notice of the way in which the Jewish leaders threatened the believers. Alternate translation: “notice how they threaten to punish us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	4	29	zh7j	figs-metonymy	μετὰ παρρησίας πάσης λαλεῖν τὸν λόγον σου	1	speak your word with all boldness	The word “word” here is a metonym for God’s message. The abstract noun “boldness” can be translated as an adverb. Alternate translation: “speak your message boldly” or “be bold when we speak your message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	4	30	x9r1	figs-metonymy	τὴν χεῖρά σου, ἐκτείνειν σε εἰς ἴασιν	1	Stretch out your hand to heal	Here the word “hand” refers to God’s power. This is a request for God to show how powerful he is. Alternate translation: “while you show your power by healing people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	4	30	t5uw	figs-metonymy	διὰ τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ ἁγίου παιδός σου, Ἰησοῦ	1	through the name of your holy servant Jesus	Here the word “name” refers to power and authority. Alternate translation: “through the power of your holy servant Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	4	30	txb5		τοῦ ἁγίου παιδός σου, Ἰησοῦ	1	your holy servant Jesus	“Jesus who serves you faithfully.” See how you translated this in [Acts 4:27](../04/27.md).
ACT	4	31	x9b3	figs-activepassive	ἐσαλεύθη ὁ τόπος	1	the place…was shaken	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the place…shook” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	4	31	ps3m	figs-activepassive	ἐπλήσθησαν ἅπαντες τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος	1	they were all filled with the Holy Spirit	This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “The Holy Spirit filled them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	4	32	xu3j	figs-metonymy	ἦν καρδία καὶ ψυχὴ μία	1	were of one heart and soul	Here the word “heart” refers to the thoughts and the word “soul” refers to the emotions. Together they refer to the total person. Alternate translation: “thought the same way and wanted the same things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	4	32	zyp5		ἦν αὐτοῖς πάντα κοινά	1	they had everything in common	“shared their belongings with one another.” See how you translated this in [Acts 2:44](../02/44.md).
ACT	4	33	d8dr		χάρις τε μεγάλη ἦν ἐπὶ πάντας αὐτούς	1	great grace was upon them all	Possible meanings are: (1) that God was greatly blessing the believers or (2) that the people in Jerusalem held the believers in very high esteem.
ACT	4	34	gw3v	figs-hyperbole	ὅσοι…κτήτορες χωρίων ἢ οἰκιῶν ὑπῆρχον	1	all who owned title to lands or houses	The word “all” here is a generalization. Alternate translation: “Many people who owned title to lands or houses” or “People who owned title to lands or houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	4	34	ti1h		κτήτορες χωρίων ἢ οἰκιῶν ὑπῆρχον	1	owned title to lands or houses	“owned land or houses”
ACT	4	34	l938	figs-activepassive	τὰς τιμὰς τῶν πιπρασκομένων	1	the money of the things that were sold	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the money that they received from the things that they sold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	4	35	vv4z	figs-idiom	ἐτίθουν παρὰ τοὺς πόδας τῶν ἀποστόλων	1	laid it at the apostles’ feet	This means that they presented the money to the apostles. Alternate translation: “presented it to the apostles” or “gave it to the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	4	35	ps4s	figs-activepassive	διεδίδετο…ἑκάστῳ, καθότι ἄν τις χρείαν εἶχεν	1	it was distributed to each one according to their need	The noun “need” can be translated with a verb. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they distributed the money to each believer who needed it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	4	36	uc2a	writing-participants		0	General Information:	Luke introduces Barnabas into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
ACT	4	36	nr4v	figs-idiom	υἱὸς παρακλήσεως	1	Son of Encouragement	The apostles used this name to show that Joseph was a person who encouraged others. “Son of” is an idiom used to describe a person’s behavior or character. Alternate translation: “Encourager” or “one who encourages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	4	37	gtv5	figs-idiom	ἔθηκεν παρὰ τοὺς πόδας τῶν ἀποστόλων	1	laid it at the apostles’ feet	This means that they presented to money to the apostles. See how you translated this in [Acts 4:35](../04/35.md). Alternate translation: “presented it to the apostles” or “gave it to the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	5	intro	k2uh			0		# Acts 05 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “Satan filled your heart to lie to the Holy Spirit”<br><br>No one knows for sure if Ananias and Sapphira were truly Christians when they decided to lie about the land that they sold ([Acts 5:1-10](../05/01.md)), because Luke does not say. However, Peter knew that they lied to the believers, and he knew that they had listened to and obeyed Satan.<br><br>When they lied to the believers, they also lied to the Holy Spirit. This is because the Holy Spirit lives inside believers.
ACT	5	1	v27a	writing-background		0		Continuing the story of how the new Christians shared their belongings with other believers, Luke tells about two believers, Ananias and Sapphria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
ACT	5	1	ysl9		δέ	1	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line to tell a new part of the story.
ACT	5	2	xm1t		συνειδυίης καὶ τῆς γυναικός	1	his wife also knew it	“his wife also knew that he kept back part of the sale money”
ACT	5	2	dy8b	figs-idiom	παρὰ τοὺς πόδας τῶν ἀποστόλων ἔθηκεν	1	laid it at the apostles’ feet	This means that they presented to money to the apostles. See how you translated this in [Acts 4:35](../04/35.md). Alternate translation: “presented it to the apostles” or “gave it to the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	5	3	y7j6			0	General Information:	If your language does not use rhetorical questions, you may reword these as statements.
ACT	5	3	grr9	figs-rquestion	διὰ τί ἐπλήρωσεν ὁ Σατανᾶς τὴν καρδίαν σου, ψεύσασθαί σε τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον, καὶ νοσφίσασθαι ἀπὸ τῆς τιμῆς τοῦ χωρίου	1	why has Satan filled your heart to lie…land?	Peter uses this question to rebuke Ananias. Alternate translation: “you should not have let Satan fill your heart to lie…land.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	5	3	pqd4	figs-metonymy	ἐπλήρωσεν ὁ Σατανᾶς τὴν καρδίαν σου	1	Satan filled your heart	Here the word “heart” is a metonym for the will and emotions. The phrase “Satan filled your heart” is a metaphor. Possible meanings of the metaphor are (1) “Satan completely controlled you” or (2) “Satan convinced you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	5	3	zz5u	figs-explicit	ψεύσασθαί σε τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον, καὶ νοσφίσασθαι ἀπὸ τῆς τιμῆς	1	to lie to the Holy Spirit and to keep back part of the price	This implies that Ananias had told the apostles that he was giving the entire amount that he had received from selling his land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	5	4	vu7g	figs-rquestion	οὐχὶ μένον σοὶ ἔμενεν, καὶ πραθὲν ἐν τῇ σῇ ἐξουσίᾳ ὑπῆρχεν	1	While it remained unsold, did it not remain your own…control?	Peter uses this question to rebuke Ananias. Alternate translation: “While it remained unsold, it was your own…control.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	5	4	vi8w		ἔμενεν	1	While it remained unsold	“While you had not sold it”
ACT	5	4	wm2r	figs-rquestion	πραθὲν ἐν τῇ σῇ ἐξουσίᾳ ὑπῆρχεν	1	after it was sold, was it not in your control?	Peter uses this question to rebuke Ananias. Alternate translation: “after it was sold, you had control over the money that you received.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	5	4	k7nc	figs-activepassive	πραθὲν	1	after it was sold	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “after you sold it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	5	4	i5dw	figs-rquestion	τί ὅτι ἔθου ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου τὸ πρᾶγμα τοῦτο	1	How is it that you thought of this thing in your heart?	Peter used this question to rebuke Ananias. Here the word “heart” refers to the will and emotions. Alternate translation: “You should not have thought of doing this thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	5	5	cc5y	figs-euphemism	πεσὼν ἐξέψυξεν	1	fell down and breathed his last	Here “breathed his last” means “breathed his final breath” and is a polite way of saying that he died. Ananias fell down because he died; he did not die because he fell down. Alternate translation: “died and fell to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
ACT	5	7	ry54		ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ…εἰσῆλθεν	1	his wife came in	“Ananias’ wife came in” or “Sapphira came in”
ACT	5	7	k3c9		τὸ γεγονὸς	1	what had happened	“that her husband had died”
ACT	5	8	bcf6		τοσούτου	1	for so much	“for this much money.” This refers to the amount of money that Ananias had given to the apostles.
ACT	5	9	w1lb	figs-you		0	General Information:	Here the word “you” is plural and refers to both Ananias and Sapphira. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ACT	5	9	vym8			0	Connecting Statement:	This is the end of the part of the story about Ananias and Sapphira.
ACT	5	9	v7sw	figs-rquestion	τί ὅτι συνεφωνήθη ὑμῖν πειράσαι τὸ Πνεῦμα Κυρίου	1	How is it that you have agreed together to test the Spirit of the Lord?	Peter asks this question to rebuke Sapphira. Alternate translation: “You should not have agreed together to test the Spirit of the Lord!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	5	9	hc22		συνεφωνήθη ὑμῖν	1	you have agreed together	“the two of you have agreed together”
ACT	5	9	pg1e		πειράσαι τὸ Πνεῦμα Κυρίου	1	to test the Spirit of the Lord	Here the word “test” means to challenge or to prove. They were trying to see if they could get away with lying to God without receiving punishment.
ACT	5	9	xj1l	figs-synecdoche	οἱ πόδες τῶν θαψάντων τὸν ἄνδρα σου	1	the feet of the men who buried your husband	Here the phrase “the feet” refers to the men. Alternate translation: “the men who have buried your husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	5	10	nwb9		ἔπεσεν…πρὸς τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ	1	fell down at his feet	This means that when she died, she fell on the floor in front of Peter. This expression should not be confused with falling down at a person’s feet as a sign of humility.
ACT	5	10	s7en	figs-euphemism	ἐξέψυξεν	1	breathed her last	Here “breathed his last” means “breathed her final breath” and is a polite way of saying “she died.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Acts 5:5](../05/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
ACT	5	12	aud2			0	General Information:	Here the words “They” and “they” refer to the believers.
ACT	5	12	c2e7			0	Connecting Statement:	Luke continues to tell what happens in the early days of the church.
ACT	5	12	lde1	figs-activepassive	διὰ δὲ τῶν χειρῶν τῶν ἀποστόλων, ἐγίνετο σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα πολλὰ	1	Many signs and wonders were taking place among the people through the hands of the apostles	or “Many signs and wonders took place among the people through the hands of the apostles.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The apostles performed many signs and wonders among the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	5	12	ux3n		σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα	1	signs and wonders	“supernatural events and miraculous deeds.” See how you translated these terms in [Acts 2:22](../02/22.md)
ACT	5	12	sri8	figs-synecdoche	διὰ…τῶν χειρῶν τῶν ἀποστόλων	1	through the hands of the apostles	Here the word “hands” refers to the apostles. Alternate translation: “through the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	5	12	k99k		Στοᾷ Σολομῶντος	1	Solomon’s Porch	This was a covered walkway that consisted of rows of pillars that supported a roof, and which people named after king Solomon. See how you translated “the porch that is called Solomon’s” in [Acts 3:11](../03/11.md).
ACT	5	13	qd8r	figs-activepassive	ἐμεγάλυνεν αὐτοὺς ὁ λαός	1	they were held in high esteem by the people	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people held the believers in high esteem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	5	14	l9bs			0	General Information:	Here the word “they” refers to the people who lived in Jerusalem.
ACT	5	14	m9wx	figs-activepassive	μᾶλλον…προσετίθεντο πιστεύοντες τῷ Κυρίῳ	1	more believers were being added to the Lord	This could be stated in active form. See how you translated “were added” in [Acts 2:41](../02/41.md). Alternate translation: “more people were believing in the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	5	15	y2ev	figs-explicit	ἡ σκιὰ ἐπισκιάσῃ τινὶ αὐτῶν	1	his shadow might fall on some of them	It is implied that God would heal them if Peter’s shadow touched them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	5	16	fu1a		ὀχλουμένους ὑπὸ πνευμάτων ἀκαθάρτων	1	those afflicted with unclean spirits	“those whom unclean spirits had afflicted”
ACT	5	16	lyc7	figs-activepassive	ἐθεραπεύοντο ἅπαντες	1	they were all healed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God healed them all” or “the apostles healed them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	5	17	p4ta			0	Connecting Statement:	The religious leaders began to persecute the believers.
ACT	5	17	x2ed		δὲ	1	But	This begins a contrasting story. You may translate this in the way that your language introduces a contrasting narrative.
ACT	5	17	f9ye	figs-idiom	ἀναστὰς…ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς	1	the high priest rose up	Here the phrase “rose up” means that the high priest decided to take action, not that he stood up from a seated position. Alternate translation: “the high priest took action” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	5	17	pc45	figs-activepassive	ἐπλήσθησαν ζήλου	1	they were filled with jealousy	The abstract noun “jealousy” can be translated as an adjective. This could be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they became very jealous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	5	18	j58p	figs-idiom	ἐπέβαλον τὰς χεῖρας ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀποστόλους	1	laid hands on the apostles	This means that they seized the apostles by force. They would have ordered guards to do this. Alternate translation: “had the guards arrest the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	5	19	wd37			0	General Information:	Here the words “them” and “they” refer to the apostles.
ACT	5	20	qm16	figs-explicit	ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ	1	in the temple	This phrase here refers to the temple courtyard, not to the temple building where only the priests were allowed. Alternate translation: “in the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	5	20	z1x3	figs-metonymy	πάντα τὰ ῥήματα τῆς ζωῆς ταύτης	1	all the words of this life	The word “words” here is a metonym for the message that the apostles had already proclaimed. Possible meanings are (1) “all this message of eternal life” or (2) “the whole message of this new way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	5	21	df1u	figs-explicit	εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν	1	into the temple	They went into the temple courtyard, not into the temple building where only the priests were allowed. Alternate translation: “into the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	5	21	l7uf		ὑπὸ τὸν ὄρθρον	1	about daybreak	“as it began to be light.” Although the angel led them out of the jail during the night, the sun was rising by the time the apostles reached the temple courtyard.
ACT	5	21	li6a	figs-ellipsis	ἀπέστειλαν εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον ἀχθῆναι αὐτούς	1	sent to the jail to have the apostles brought	This implies someone went to the jail. Alternate translation: “sent someone to the jail to bring the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ACT	5	23	ld7d	figs-explicit	ἔσω οὐδένα εὕρομεν	1	we found no one inside	The words “no one” refer to the apostles. This implies that there was no one else in the jail cell besides the apostles. Alternate translation: “we did not find them inside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	5	24	a8dz	figs-you		0	General Information:	Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the captain of the temple and the chief priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ACT	5	24	k5g6		διηπόρουν	1	they were much perplexed	“they were very puzzled” or “they were very confused”
ACT	5	24	baw2		περὶ αὐτῶν	1	concerning them	“concerning the words they had just heard” or “concerning these things”
ACT	5	24	p78m		τί ἂν γένοιτο τοῦτο	1	what would come of it	“and what would happen as a result”
ACT	5	25	c1am	figs-explicit	ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ, ἑστῶτες	1	standing in the temple	They did not go into the part of the temple building where only the priests were allowed. Alternate translation: “standing in the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	5	26	f7pz	figs-you		0	General Information:	The word “they” in this section refers to the captain and the officers. In the phrase “feared that the people might stone them” the word “them” refers to the captain and the officers. All other occurrences of “them” in this chunk refer to the apostles. Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ACT	5	26	e24h			0	Connecting Statement:	The captain and the officers bring the apostles before the Jewish religious council.
ACT	5	26	i2v5		ἐφοβοῦντο	1	they feared	“they were afraid”
ACT	5	27	iq7w		ἐπηρώτησεν αὐτοὺς ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς	1	The high priest interrogated them	“The high priest questioned them.” The word “interrogate” means to question someone to find out what is true.
ACT	5	28	g2hi	figs-metonymy	ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τούτῳ	1	in this name	Here the word “name” refers to the person of Jesus. See how you translated this in [Acts 4:17](../04/17.md). Alternate translation: “not to speak anymore about this person, Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	5	28	j4kr	figs-metaphor	πεπληρώκατε τὴν Ἰερουσαλὴμ τῆς διδαχῆς ὑμῶν	1	you have filled Jerusalem with your teaching	Teaching many people in a city is spoken of as if they were filling the city with a teaching. Alternate translation: “you have taught many people in Jerusalem about him” or “you have taught about him throughout the Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	5	28	ym1k	figs-metonymy	βούλεσθε ἐπαγαγεῖν ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τούτου	1	desire to bring this man’s blood upon us	Here the word “blood” is a metonym for death, and to bring someone’s blood on people is a metaphor for saying that they are guilty of that person’s death. Alternate translation: “desire to make us responsible for this man’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	5	29	y211	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “We” refers to the apostles, and not to the audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	5	29	di9u		ἀποκριθεὶς…Πέτρος καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι	1	Peter and the apostles answered	Peter spoke on behalf of all of the apostles when he said the following words.
ACT	5	30	r7av	figs-idiom	ὁ Θεὸς τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν ἤγειρεν Ἰησοῦν	1	The God of our fathers raised up Jesus	Here “raised up” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The God of our fathers caused Jesus to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	5	30	pu5j	figs-metonymy	κρεμάσαντες ἐπὶ ξύλου	1	by hanging him on a tree	Here Peter uses the word “tree” to refer to the cross which was made out of wood. Alternate translation: “by hanging him on a cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	5	31	uh2d	translate-symaction	τοῦτον ὁ Θεὸς…ὕψωσεν, τῇ δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ	1	God exalted him to his right hand	To be at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “God exalted him to the place of honor beside him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT	5	31	mr1d	figs-abstractnouns	τοῦ δοῦναι μετάνοιαν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν	1	give repentance to Israel, and forgiveness of sins	The words “repentance” and “forgiveness” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “give the people of Israel an opportunity to repent and have God forgive their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	5	31	q1il	figs-metonymy	τῷ Ἰσραὴλ	1	Israel	The word “Israel” refers to the Jewish people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	5	32	yml6		τοῖς πειθαρχοῦσιν αὐτῷ	1	those who obey him	“those who submit to God’s authority”
ACT	5	33	ekh2			0	Connecting Statement:	Gamaliel addresses the council members.
ACT	5	33	abc6		ἀνελεῖν αὐτούς	1	kill them	“kill the apostles”
ACT	5	34	i2rr	writing-participants	Γαμαλιήλ, νομοδιδάσκαλος τίμιος παντὶ τῷ λαῷ	1	Gamaliel, a teacher of the law, who was honored by all the people	Luke introduces Gamaliel and provides background information about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	5	34	fpr4	figs-activepassive	τίμιος παντὶ τῷ λαῷ	1	who was honored by all the people	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom all the people honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	5	34	xk6g	figs-activepassive	ἐκέλευσεν ἔξω…τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ποιῆσαι	1	commanded the apostles to be taken outside	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “commanded the guards to take the apostles outside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	5	35	ae1u		προσέχετε	1	pay close attention to	“think carefully about” or “be cautious about.” Gamaliel was warning them not to do something that they would later regret.
ACT	5	36	uaj6		ἀνέστη Θευδᾶς	1	Theudas rose up	Possible meanings are (1) “Theudas rebelled” or (2) “Theudas appeared.”
ACT	5	36	b3nl		λέγων εἶναί τινα	1	claiming to be somebody	“claiming to be somebody important”
ACT	5	36	ie3x	figs-activepassive	ὃς ἀνῃρέθη	1	He was killed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People killed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	5	36	juz1	figs-activepassive	πάντες ὅσοι ἐπείθοντο αὐτῷ διελύθησαν	1	all who had been obeying him were scattered	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all the people scattered who had been obeying him” or “all who had been obeying him went in different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	5	36	rzg5		ἐγένοντο εἰς οὐδέν	1	came to nothing	This means that they did not do what they had planned to do.
ACT	5	37	f33y		μετὰ τοῦτον	1	After this man	“After Theudas”
ACT	5	37	p56f		ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῆς ἀπογραφῆς	1	in the days of the census	“during the time of the census”
ACT	5	37	kz4s	figs-idiom	ἀπέστησε λαὸν ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ	1	drew away some people after him	This means that he persuaded some people to rebel with him against the Roman government. Alternate translation: “caused many people to follow him” or “caused many people to join him in rebellion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	5	38	i4bw			0	Connecting Statement:	Gamaliel finishes addressing the council members. Though they beat the apostles, command them not to teach about Jesus, and let them go, the disciples continue to teach and preach.
ACT	5	38	wz89	figs-explicit	ἀπόστητε ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων τούτων καὶ ἄφετε αὐτούς	1	keep away from these men and let them alone	Gamaliel is telling the Jewish leaders no to punish the apostles any more or to put them back in jail. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	5	38	zh1d		ἐὰν ᾖ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων, ἡ βουλὴ αὕτη ἢ τὸ ἔργον τοῦτο	1	if this plan or work is of men	“if men have devised this plan or are doing this work”
ACT	5	38	uql8	figs-activepassive	καταλυθήσεται	1	it will be overthrown	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone will overthrow it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	5	39	j819	figs-ellipsis	εἰ…ἐκ Θεοῦ ἐστιν	1	if it is of God	Here the word “it” refers to “this plan or work.” Alternate translation: “if God has devised this plan or commanded these men to do this work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ACT	5	39	cyp1	figs-activepassive	ἐπείσθησαν δὲ	1	So they were persuaded	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So Gamaliel persuaded them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	5	40	z31c			0	General Information:	Here first word “they” refers to the council members. The rest of the words “them,” “They,” and “they” refer to the apostles.
ACT	5	40	p6lz	figs-metonymy	προσκαλεσάμενοι τοὺς ἀποστόλους, δείραντες	1	they called the apostles in and beat them	The council members would have ordered the temple guards to do these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	5	40	fca9	figs-metonymy	λαλεῖν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Ἰησοῦ	1	to speak in the name of Jesus	Here “name” refers to the authority of Jesus. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Acts 4:18](../04/18.md). Alternate translation: “to speak anymore in the authority of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	5	41	cv8y	figs-activepassive	κατηξιώθησαν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος ἀτιμασθῆναι	1	they were counted worthy to suffer dishonor for the Name	The apostles rejoiced because God had honored them by letting the Jewish leaders dishonor them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God had counted them worthy to suffer dishonor for the Name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	5	41	lk82	figs-metonymy	ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος	1	for the Name	Here “the Name” refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “for Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	5	42	jj94		πᾶσάν τε ἡμέραν	1	Thereafter every day	“After that day, every day.” This phrase marks what the apostles did every day through the following days.
ACT	5	42	kyp6	figs-explicit	ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ καὶ κατ’ οἶκον	1	in the temple and from house to house	They did not go into the temple building where only the priests went. Alternate translation: “in the temple courtyard and in different people’s houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	6	intro	z5r5			0		# Acts 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The distribution to the widows<br><br>The believers in Jerusalem gave food every day to women whose husbands had died. All of them had been raised as Jews, but some of them had lived in Judea and spoke Hebrew, and others had lived in Gentile areas and spoke Greek. Those who gave out the food gave it to the Hebrew-speaking widows but not to the Greek-speaking widows. To please God, the church leaders appointed Greek-speaking men to make sure the Greek-speaking widows received their share of the food. One of these Greek-speaking men was Stephen.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “His face was like the face of an angel”<br><br>No one knows for sure what it was about Stephen’s face that was like the face of an angel, because Luke does not tell us. It is best for the translation to say only what the ULT says about this.
ACT	6	1	ky47	writing-background		0	General Information:	This is the beginning of a new part of the story. Luke gives important background information to understand the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	6	1	f8br	writing-newevent	ἐν δὲ ταῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις	1	Now in these days	Consider how new parts of a story are introduced in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
ACT	6	1	t94s		πληθυνόντων	1	was multiplying	“was greatly increasing”
ACT	6	1	e7vb		Ἑλληνιστῶν	1	Grecian Jews	These were Jews who had lived most of their lives somewhere in the Roman Empire outside of Israel, and had grown up speaking Greek. Their language and culture were somewhat different from those who had grown up in Israel.
ACT	6	1	ftz8		τοὺς Ἑβραίους	1	the Hebrews	These were Jews who had grown up in Israel speaking Hebrew or Aramaic. The church consisted of only Jews and converts to Judaism so far.
ACT	6	1	e1z9		αἱ χῆραι	1	widows	women whose husband has died
ACT	6	1	s4qy	figs-activepassive	παρεθεωροῦντο…αἱ χῆραι αὐτῶν	1	their widows were being overlooked	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Hebrew believers were overlooking the Grecian widows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	6	1	k4jg		παρεθεωροῦντο	1	being overlooked	“being ignored” or “being forgotten.” There were so many who needed help that some were missed.
ACT	6	1	rde8		διακονίᾳ τῇ καθημερινῇ	1	daily distribution of food	The money that was being given to the apostles was used in part to buy food for the early church widows.
ACT	6	2	jr1y	figs-you		0	General Information:	Here the word “you” refers to the believers. The words “us” and “we” here refer to the 12 apostles. Where applicable, use the exclusive form in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	6	2	n5r4		οἱ δώδεκα	1	The twelve	This refers to the eleven apostles plus Matthias, who was selected in [Acts 1:26](../01/26.md).
ACT	6	2	g56w		τὸ πλῆθος τῶν μαθητῶν	1	the multitude of the disciples	“all of the disciples” or “all the believers”
ACT	6	2	jm17	figs-hyperbole	καταλείψαντας τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	give up the word of God	This is an exaggeration in order to emphasize the importance of their task of teaching the word of God. Alternate translation: “stop preaching and teaching the word of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	6	2	fwk6	figs-metonymy	διακονεῖν τραπέζαις	1	serve tables	This is a phrase meaning to serve food to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	6	3	y3bm		ἄνδρας…πλήρεις Πνεύματος καὶ σοφίας	1	men of good reputation, full of the Spirit and of wisdom	Possible meanings are (1) the men have three qualities—a good reputation, being full of the Spirit, and being full of wisdom or (2) the men have a reputation for two qualities—being full of the Spirit, and being full of wisdom .
ACT	6	3	p1yz		ἄνδρας…μαρτυρουμένους	1	men of good reputation	“men that people know are good” or “men whom people trust”
ACT	6	3	i27a		ἐπὶ τῆς χρείας ταύτης	1	over this business	“to be responsible to do this task”
ACT	6	4	b3bj	figs-ellipsis	τῇ διακονίᾳ τοῦ λόγου	1	the ministry of the word	It may be helpful to add more information. Alternate translation: “the ministry of teaching and preaching the message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ACT	6	5	wh9t		ἤρεσεν ὁ λόγος ἐνώπιον παντὸς τοῦ πλήθους	1	Their speech pleased the whole multitude	“All the disciples liked their suggestion”
ACT	6	5	ajq1	figs-explicit	Στέφανον,…καὶ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου, καὶ Φίλιππον, καὶ Πρόχορον, καὶ Νικάνορα	1	Stephen…and Nicolaus	These are Greek names, and suggest that all of the men elected were from the Grecian Jewish group of believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	6	5	qas9		προσήλυτον	1	proselyte	a Gentile who converted to the Jewish religion
ACT	6	6	wu1y	translate-symaction	ἐπέθηκαν αὐτοῖς τὰς χεῖρας	1	placed their hands upon them	This represented giving a blessing and imparting responsibility and authority for the work to the seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT	6	7	x48w			0	General Information:	This verse gives an update on the church’s growth.
ACT	6	7	wu4l	figs-metaphor	λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ ηὔξανεν	1	word of God continued to spread	The writer speaks of the growing number of people who believed the word as if the word of God itself were covering a larger area. Alternate translation: “the number of people who believed the word of God increased” or “the number of people who believed the message from God increased” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	6	7	jg8y		ὑπήκουον τῇ πίστει	1	became obedient to the faith	“followed the teaching of the new belief”
ACT	6	7	qq3l		τῇ πίστει	1	the faith	Possible meanings are (1) the gospel message of trust in Jesus or (2) the teaching of the church or (3) the Christian teaching.
ACT	6	8	wn1t	writing-background		0	General Information:	These verses give background information about Stephen and other people that is important to understanding the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	6	8	n3re			0	Connecting Statement:	This is the beginning of a new part of the story.
ACT	6	8	et2j	writing-participants	Στέφανος δὲ	1	Now Stephen	This introduces Stephen as the main character in this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
ACT	6	8	h8sg	figs-explicit	Στέφανος…πλήρης χάριτος καὶ δυνάμεως, ἐποίει	1	Stephen, full of grace and power, was doing	The words “grace” and “power” here refer to power from God. This could be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “God was giving Stephen power to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	6	9	k88n		συναγωγῆς, τῆς λεγομένης Λιβερτίνων	1	synagogue of the Freedmen	“Freedmen” were probably ex-slaves from these different locations. It is unclear if the other people listed were part of the synagogue or just participated in the debate with Stephen.
ACT	6	9	j8pq		συνζητοῦντες τῷ Στεφάνῳ	1	debating with Stephen	“arguing with Stephen”
ACT	6	10	s2cl	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “We” refers only to the men they persuaded to lie. The word “they” refers back to the people from the synagogue of the freemen in [Acts 6:9](../06/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	6	10	fp41			0	Connecting Statement:	The background information that began in [Acts 6:8](../06/08.md) continues through verse 10.
ACT	6	10	v5ia	figs-idiom	οὐκ ἴσχυον ἀντιστῆναι	1	not able to stand against	This phrase means they could not prove false what he said. Alternate translation: “could not argue against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	6	10	fnb2		Πνεύματι	1	Spirit	this refers to the Holy Spirit
ACT	6	11	ren5	figs-explicit	ἄνδρας λέγοντας	1	some men to say	They were given money to give false testimony. Alternate translation: “some men to lie and say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	6	11	x747		ῥήματα βλάσφημα εἰς	1	blasphemous words against	“bad things about”
ACT	6	12	tqk9	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Each use of word “they” most likely refers back to the people from the synagogue of the Freedmen in [Acts 6:9](../06/09.md). They were responsible for the false witnesses and for inciting the council, the elders, the scribes, and the other people. Here the word “we” refers only to the false witness that they brought to testify. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	6	12	l251		συνεκίνησάν…τὸν λαὸν, καὶ τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους, καὶ τοὺς γραμματεῖς	1	stirred up the people, the elders, and the scribes	“caused the people, the elders, and the scribes to be very angry at Stephen”
ACT	6	12	j3wd		συνήρπασαν αὐτὸν	1	seized him	“grabbed him and held him so he could not get away”
ACT	6	13	zv6s		οὐ παύεται λαλῶν	1	does not stop speaking	“continually speaks”
ACT	6	14	vak4	figs-idiom	παρέδωκεν ἡμῖν	1	handed down to us	The phrase “handed down” means “passed on.” Alternate translation: “taught our ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	6	15	gf7e	figs-idiom	ἀτενίσαντες εἰς αὐτὸν	1	fixed their eyes on him	This is an idiom that means they looked intently at him. Here “eyes” is a metonym for sight. Alternate translation: “looked intently at him” or “stared at him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	6	15	k8rw	figs-simile	ὡσεὶ πρόσωπον ἀγγέλου	1	was like the face of an angel	This phrase compares his face to that of an angel but does not say specifically what they have in common. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
ACT	7	intro	p9h4			0		# Acts 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 7:42-43 and 49-50.<br><br>It appears that 8:1 is part of the narrative of this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “Stephen said”<br><br>Stephen told the history of Israel very briefly. He paid special attention to the times that the Israelites had rejected the people God had chosen to lead them. At the end of the story, he said that the Jewish leaders he was talking to had rejected Jesus just as the evil Israelites had always rejected the leaders God had appointed for them.<br><br>### “Full of the Holy Spirit”<br><br>The Holy Spirit completely controlled Stephen so that he said only and all of what God wanted him to say.<br><br>### Foreshadowing<br><br>When an author speaks of something that is not important at that time but will be important later in the story, this is called foreshadowing. Luke mentions Saul, also known as Paul, here, even though he is not an important person in this part of the story. This is because Paul is an important person in the rest of the Book of Acts.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Implied information<br><br>Stephen was talking to Jews who knew the law of Moses well, so he did not explain things that his hearers already knew. But you may need to explain some of these things so that your readers will be able to understand what Stephen was saying. For example, you may need to make explicit that when Joseph’s brothers “sold him into Egypt” ([Acts 7:9](../../act/07/09.md)), Joseph was going to be a slave in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Metonymy<br><br>Stephen spoke of Joseph ruling “over Egypt” and over all of Pharaoh’s household. By this he meant that Joseph ruled over the people of Egypt and of the people and possessions in Pharaoh’s household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Background knowledge<br><br>The Jewish leaders to whom Stephen spoke already knew much about the events he was telling them about. They knew what Moses had written in the Book of Genesis. If the Book of Genesis has not been translated into your language, it may be difficult for your readers to understand what Stephen said.
ACT	7	1	pt4h	figs-you		0	General Information:	The word “our” includes both Steven, the Jewish council to whom he spoke, and the entire audience. The word “your” is singular refers to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ACT	7	1	hy9r			0	Connecting Statement:	The part of the story about Stephen, which began in [Acts 6:8](../06/08.md), continues. Stephen begins his response to the high priest and the council by talking about things that happened in Israel’s history. Most of this history comes from Moses’ writings.
ACT	7	2	abc7		ὁ δὲ ἔφη	1	Then he said	Stephen is speaking.
ACT	7	2	v5si		ἀδελφοὶ καὶ πατέρες, ἀκούσατε	1	Brothers and fathers, listen to me	Stephen was being very respectful to the council in greeting them as extended family.
ACT	7	4	pfg3			0	General Information:	In verse 4 the words “he,” “his,” and “him” refer to Abraham. In verse 5 the words “He” and “he” refer to God, but the word “him” refers to Abraham.
ACT	7	4	pfg4	figs-you		0	General Information:	Here the word “you” refers to the Jewish council and audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ACT	7	5	ax1j		οὐκ ἔδωκεν…ἐν αὐτῇ	1	He gave none of it	“He did not give any of it”
ACT	7	5	qff6	figs-idiom	οὐδὲ βῆμα ποδός	1	enough to set a foot on	Possible meanings for this phrase are (1) enough ground to stand on or (2) enough ground to take a step. Alternate translation: “a very tiny piece of ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	7	5	u6iw		εἰς κατάσχεσιν αὐτὴν, καὶ τῷ σπέρματι αὐτοῦ μετ’ αὐτόν	1	as a possession to him and to his descendants after him	“for Abraham to own and to give to his descendants”
ACT	7	6	tn6b		ἐλάλησεν…οὕτως ὁ Θεὸς	1	God was speaking to him like this	It may be helpful to state that this occurred later than the statement in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “Later God told Abraham”
ACT	7	6	t1h9	translate-numbers	ἔτη τετρακόσια	1	four hundred years	“400 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ACT	7	7	f7fw	figs-metonymy	τὸ ἔθνος…κρινῶ ἐγώ	1	I will judge the nation	“nation” refers to the people in it. Alternate translation: “I will judge the people of the nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	7	7	q7y6		τὸ ἔθνος ᾧ ἐὰν δουλεύσωσιν	1	the nation that they serve	“the nation that they will serve”
ACT	7	8	mwc9	figs-explicit	ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ διαθήκην περιτομῆς	1	gave Abraham the covenant of circumcision	The Jews would have understood that this covenant required Abraham to circumcise the males of his family. Alternate translation: “made a covenant with Abraham to circumcise the males of his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	7	8	g4bb		οὕτως ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰσαὰκ	1	so Abraham became the father of Isaac	The story transitions to Abraham’s descendants.
ACT	7	8	ams1	figs-ellipsis	Ἰακὼβ τοὺς	1	Jacob the father	“Jacob became the father.” Stephen shortened this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ACT	7	9	n981		οἱ πατριάρχαι	1	the patriarchs	“Jacob’s older sons” or “Joseph’s older brothers”
ACT	7	9	tik7	figs-explicit	ἀπέδοντο εἰς Αἴγυπτον	1	sold him into Egypt	The Jews knew their ancestors sold Joseph to be a slave in Egypt. Alternate translation: “sold him as a slave in Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	7	9	w1is	figs-idiom	ἦν…μετ’ αὐτοῦ	1	was with him	This is an idiom for helping someone. Alternate translation: “helped him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	7	10	yr7m	figs-metonymy	ἐπ’ Αἴγυπτον	1	over Egypt	This refers to the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “over all the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	7	10	pb4p	figs-metonymy	ὅλον τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ	1	all his household	This refers to all his possessions. Alternate translation: “everything he owned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	7	11	p42j		ἦλθεν…λιμὸς	1	there came a famine	“a famine came.” The ground stopped producing food.
ACT	7	11	p37v	figs-explicit	οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν	1	our fathers	This refers Jacob and his sons, who were the ancestors of the Jewish people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	7	12	pia8		σιτία	1	grain	Grain was the most common food at that time.
ACT	7	12	mbg8		τοὺς πατέρας ἡμῶν	1	our fathers	Here this phrase refers to Jabob’s sons, Joseph’s older brothers.
ACT	7	13	ce2b	translate-ordinal	ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ	1	On their second trip	“On their next trip” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
ACT	7	13	m37e		ἀνεγνωρίσθη	1	made himself known	Joseph revealed to his brothers his identity as their brother.
ACT	7	13	jxk8	figs-activepassive	φανερὸν ἐγένετο τῷ Φαραὼ τὸ γένος Ἰωσήφ	1	Joseph’s family became known to Pharaoh	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh learned that they were Joseph’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	7	14	aam5		ἀποστείλας	1	sent his brothers back	“sent his brothers back to Canaan” or “sent his brothers back home”
ACT	7	15	w2sm		ἐτελεύτησεν	1	he died	Make sure it does not sound as though he died as soon as he arrived in Egypt. Alternate translation: “eventually Jacob died”
ACT	7	15	fe56		αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν	1	he and our fathers	“Jacob and his sons who became our ancestors”
ACT	7	16	slg3	figs-activepassive	καὶ μετετέθησαν…καὶ ἐτέθησαν	1	They were carried over…and laid	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Jacob’s descendants carried Jacob’s body and his son’s bodies over…and buried them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	7	16	la8a		τιμῆς ἀργυρίου	1	for a price in silver	“with money”
ACT	7	17	np3u	figs-inclusive		0	General Information:	The word “our” includes Stephen and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
ACT	7	17	tuq2			1	As the time of the promise…the people grew and multiplied	In some languages it may be helpful to say that the people increased in number before saying that the time of the promise arrived.
ACT	7	17	tlh9		ἤγγιζεν ὁ χρόνος τῆς ἐπαγγελίας	1	time of the promise approached	It was close to the time that God would fulfill his promise to Abraham.
ACT	7	18	whe7		ἀνέστη βασιλεὺς ἕτερος	1	there arose another king	“another king began to rule”
ACT	7	18	g2wq	figs-metonymy	ἐπ’ Αἴγυπτον	1	over Egypt	“Egypt” refers to the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	7	18	e2y6	figs-metonymy	ὃς οὐκ ᾔδει τὸν Ἰωσήφ	1	who did not know about Joseph	“Joseph” refers to the reputation of Joseph. Alternate translation: “who did not know that Joseph had helped Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	7	20	q66s	writing-participants	ἐν ᾧ καιρῷ ἐγεννήθη Μωϋσῆς	1	At that time Moses was born	This introduces Moses into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
ACT	7	20	cd5z	figs-idiom	ἦν ἀστεῖος τῷ Θεῷ	1	very beautiful before God	This phrase is an idiom that means Moses was very beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	7	20	pnb1	figs-activepassive	ἀνετράφη	1	was nourished	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his parents nourished him” or “his parents cared for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	7	21	w3iu	figs-activepassive	ἐκτεθέντος δὲ αὐτοῦ	1	When he was placed outside	Moses was “placed outside” because of Pharaoh’s command. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When his parents placed him outside” or “When they abandoned him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	7	21	url3		ἡ θυγάτηρ Φαραὼ, καὶ ἀνεθρέψατο αὐτὸν ἑαυτῇ εἰς υἱόν	1	Pharaoh’s daughter…raised him as her own son	She did for him every good thing a mother would do for her own son. Use your language’s normal word for what a mother does to make sure her son becomes a healthy adult.
ACT	7	21	mbp7		εἰς υἱόν	1	as her own son	“as if he were her own son”
ACT	7	22	c9nw	figs-activepassive	ἐπαιδεύθη Μωϋσῆς	1	Moses was educated	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Egyptians educated Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	7	22	att9	figs-hyperbole	πάσῃ σοφίᾳ Αἰγυπτίων	1	all the wisdom of the Egyptians	This is an exaggeration to emphasize that he was trained in the best schools in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	7	22	m3dm		δυνατὸς ἐν λόγοις καὶ ἔργοις αὐτοῦ	1	mighty in his words and works	“effective in his speech and actions” or “influential in what he said and did”
ACT	7	23	fj9s	figs-metonymy	ἀνέβη ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ	1	it came into his heart	Here “heart” is a metonym for “mind.” The phrase “it came into his heart” is an idiom that means to decide something. Alternate translation: “it came into his mind” or “he decided” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	7	23	x493	figs-explicit	ἐπισκέψασθαι τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ, τοὺς υἱοὺς Ἰσραήλ	1	visit his brothers, the children of Israel	This refers to his people, and not just to his family. Alternate translation: “see how his own people, the children of Israel, were doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	7	24	l4zv	figs-activepassive	καὶ ἰδών τινα ἀδικούμενον, ἠμύνατο καὶ ἐποίησεν ἐκδίκησιν τῷ καταπονουμένῳ, πατάξας τὸν Αἰγύπτιον	1	Seeing a certain one being mistreated…the Egyptian	This can be stated in active form by rearranging the order. Alternate translation: “Seeing an Egyptian mistreating an Israelite, Moses defended and avenged the Israelite by striking the Egyptian who was oppressing him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	7	24	abc8		ἠμύνατο	1	he defended him	Moses defended the Israelite who was being mistreated.
ACT	7	24	r2e8		πατάξας τὸν Αἰγύπτιον	1	striking the Egyptian	Moses hit the Egyptian so hard that he died.
ACT	7	25	wm3j		ἐνόμιζεν	1	he thought	“he imagined”
ACT	7	25	nhb9	figs-metonymy	διὰ χειρὸς αὐτοῦ δίδωσιν σωτηρίαν αὐτοῖς	1	by his hand was rescuing them	Here “hand” refers to the actions of Moses. Alternate translation: “was rescuing them through what Moses was doing” or “was using the actions of Moses to rescue them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	7	26	t1hw	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “us” refers to the Israelites but does not include Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	7	26	t2vc	figs-explicit	αὐτοῖς μαχομένοις	1	to those who were quarreling	The audience would have known from the account in Exodus that these were two Israelite men, but Stephen does not specify that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	7	26	mpc7		συνήλλασσεν αὐτοὺς εἰς εἰρήνην	1	he urged them to be at peace	“urged them to stop fighting”
ACT	7	26	zzt4		ἄνδρες, ἀδελφοί ἐστε	1	Men, you are brothers	Moses was addressing the Israelites who were fighting.
ACT	7	26	k1ku	figs-rquestion	ἱνα τί ἀδικεῖτε ἀλλήλους	1	why are you hurting one another?	Moses asked this question to encourage them to stop fighting. Alternate translation: “you should not hurt each other!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	7	27	q2r4	figs-rquestion	τίς σε κατέστησεν ἄρχοντα καὶ δικαστὴν ἐφ’ ἡμῶν?	1	Who made you a ruler and a judge over us?	The man used this question to rebuke Moses. Alternate translation: “You have no authority over us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	7	28	hk1g		μὴ ἀνελεῖν με σὺ θέλεις, ὃν τρόπον ἀνεῖλες ἐχθὲς τὸν Αἰγύπτιον	1	Would you like to kill me, as you killed the Egyptian yesterday?	The man used this question to warn Moses that he and probably others knew Moses had killed the Egyptian.
ACT	7	29	l149	figs-explicit		0	General Information:	Stephen’s audience already knew that Moses had married a Midianite woman when he fled Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	7	29	q8qv	figs-explicit	ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ	1	after hearing this	The implied information is that Moses understood that the Israelites knew that he had killed an Egyptian the day before ([Acts 7:28](../07/28.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	7	30	zx1c	figs-explicit	καὶ πληρωθέντων ἐτῶν τεσσεράκοντα	1	When forty years were past	“After 40 years passed.” This was the amount of time Moses had been in Midian. Alternate translation: “Forty years after Moses fled from Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	7	30	f7yu	figs-explicit	ὤφθη…ἄγγελος	1	an angel appeared	Stephen’s audience knew that God spoke through the angel. The UST makes this explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	7	31	q6w6	figs-explicit	ἐθαύμασεν τὸ ὅραμα	1	he marveled at the sight	Moses was surprised that the bush was not burning up in the fire. This was previously known by Stephen’s audience. Alternate translation: “because the bush was not burning up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	7	31	uk7u		προσερχομένου δὲ αὐτοῦ κατανοῆσαι	1	as he approached to look at it	This may mean Moses initially drew close to the bush to investigate.
ACT	7	32	b4q6		ἐγὼ ὁ Θεὸς τῶν πατέρων σου	1	I am the God of your fathers	“I am the God whom your ancestors worshiped”
ACT	7	32	tdr7		ἔντρομος δὲ γενόμενος, Μωϋσῆς οὐκ ἐτόλμα κατανοῆσαι	1	Moses trembled and did not dare to look	This may mean Moses drew back in fear when he heard the voice.
ACT	7	32	e19k	figs-explicit	ἔντρομος…γενόμενος, Μωϋσῆς	1	Moses trembled	Moses shook from fear. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Moses trembled with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	7	33	x7cd	translate-symaction	λῦσον τὸ ὑπόδημα	1	Take off the sandals	God told Moses this so he would honor God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT	7	33	clk4	figs-explicit	ὁ γὰρ τόπος ἐφ’ ᾧ ἕστηκας γῆ ἁγία ἐστίν	1	for the place where you are standing is holy ground	The implied information is that where God is present, the immediate area around God is considered or made holy by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	7	34	yz7b		ἰδὼν, εἶδον	1	certainly seen	“seen for sure.” The word certainly adds emphasis to seen.
ACT	7	34	x5bg		τοῦ λαοῦ μου	1	my people	The word “my” emphasizes that these people belonged to God. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob”
ACT	7	34	j32c		κατέβην ἐξελέσθαι αὐτούς	1	I have come down to rescue them	“will personally cause their release”
ACT	7	34	sq8y		νῦν δεῦρο	1	now come	“get ready.” God uses an order here.
ACT	7	35	x4p2			0	General Information:	Verses 35-38 contains a series of connected phrases referring to Moses. Each phrase begins with statements such as “This Moses” or “This same Moses” or “This is the man” or “It is the same Moses.” If possible, use similar statements to emphasize Moses. After the Israelites left Egypt, they spent 40 years wandering around the wilderness before God led them into the land he had promised them.
ACT	7	35	gn6e		τοῦτον τὸν Μωϋσῆν, ὃν ἠρνήσαντο	1	This same Moses, whom they rejected	This refers back to the events recorded in [Acts 7:27-28](../07/27.md).
ACT	7	35	vp7e		λυτρωτὴν	1	deliverer	“rescuer”
ACT	7	35	yjz9	figs-metonymy	σὺν χειρὶ ἀγγέλου τοῦ ὀφθέντος αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ βάτῳ	1	by the hand of the angel…bush	The hand is a metonym for the action performed by the person. In this case, the angel had commanded Moses to return to Egypt. Stephen speaks as if the angel had a physical hand. You may need to make explicit what action the angel did. Alternate translation: “by the action of the angel” or “by having the angel…bush command him to return to Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	7	35	abc9		ὀφθέντος αὐτῷ	1	appeared to him	The angel appeared to Moses.
ACT	7	36	gz9r	figs-explicit	ἔτη τεσσεράκοντα	1	during forty years	Stephen’s audience knew about the forty years the Israelites spent in the wilderness. Alternate translation: “during the 40 years that the Israelite people lived in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	7	37	b4sg		προφήτην…ἀναστήσει	1	raise up a prophet	“cause a man to be a prophet”
ACT	7	37	j2rx		ἐκ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὑμῶν	1	from among your brothers	“from among your own people”
ACT	7	38	l8u7			0	General Information:	The quotation in verse 40 is from the writings of Moses.
ACT	7	38	e8qu		οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ γενόμενος ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ	1	This is the man who was in the assembly	“This is the man Moses who was among the Israelites”
ACT	7	38	fd25		οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ γενόμενος	1	This is the man	The phrase “This is the man” throughout this passage refers to Moses.
ACT	7	38	y2zu		ὃς ἐδέξατο λόγια ζῶντα δοῦναι ὑμῖν	1	this is the man who received living words to give to us	God was the one who gave those words. Alternate translation: “this is the man to whom God spoke living words to give to us”
ACT	7	38	p3xk	figs-metonymy	λόγια ζῶντα	1	living words	Possible meanings are (1) “a message that endures” or (2) “words that give life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	7	39	mvz8	figs-metaphor	ἀπώσαντο	1	pushed him away from themselves	This metaphor emphasizes their rejection of Moses. Alternate translation: “they rejected him as their leader” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	7	39	z3ze	figs-metonymy	ἐστράφησαν ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν	1	in their hearts they turned back	Here “hearts” is a metonym for people’s thoughts. To do something in the heart means to desire do to something. Alternate translation: “they desired to turn back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	7	41	w38i			0	General Information:	Stephen’s quotation here is from the prophet Amos.
ACT	7	41	ux1j	figs-explicit	ἐμοσχοποίησαν	1	they made a calf	Stephen’s audience knew the calf they made was a statue. Alternate translation: “they made a statue that looked like a calf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	7	41	hh77		ἐμοσχοποίησαν…εἰδώλῳ…τοῖς ἔργοις τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν	1	a calf…the idol…the work of their hands	These phrases all refer to the same statue of the calf.
ACT	7	42	d3dd	translate-symaction	ἔστρεψεν…ὁ Θεὸς	1	God turned	“God turned away.” This action expresses that God was not pleased with the people and no longer helped them. Alternate translation: “God stopped correcting them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT	7	42	rag5		παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς	1	gave them up	“abandoned them”
ACT	7	42	u7lx		τῇ στρατιᾷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ	1	the stars in the sky	Possible meanings for the original phrase are (1) the stars only or (2) the sun, moon, and stars.
ACT	7	42	f314		βίβλῳ τῶν προφητῶν	1	the book of the prophets	This was apparently a collection of the writings of several of the Old Testament prophets into one scroll. It would also have included the writings of Amo.
ACT	7	42	gd1b	figs-rquestion	σφάγια καὶ θυσίας προσηνέγκατέ μοι, ἔτη τεσσεράκοντα ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, οἶκος Ἰσραήλ	1	Did you offer to me slain beasts and sacrifices…Israel?	God asked this question to show Israel they did not worship Him with their sacrifices. Alternate translation: “You did not honor me when you offered slain beasts and sacrifices…Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	7	42	j4q8	figs-metonymy	οἶκος Ἰσραήλ	1	house of Israel	This refers to the whole nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “all you Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	7	43	zek5			0	General Information:	The quotation from the prophet Amos continues here.
ACT	7	43	fs4q			0	Connecting Statement:	Stephen continues his response to the high priest and the council which he began in [Acts 7:2](../07/02.md).
ACT	7	43	rk4z	figs-explicit	ἀνελάβετε	1	You accepted	It is implied that they took these idols with them as they traveled in the wilderness. Alternate translation: “you carried with you from place to place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	7	43	im7e		σκηνὴν τοῦ Μολὸχ	1	tabernacle of Molech	the tent that housed the false god Molech
ACT	7	43	cq47		ὸ ἄστρον τοῦ θεοῦ…Ῥαιφάν	1	the star of the god Rephan	the star that is identified with the false god Rephan
ACT	7	43	gm4g		τοὺς τύπους οὓς ἐποιήσατε	1	the images that you made	They made statues or images of the gods Molech and Rephan in order to worship them.
ACT	7	43	zgq6		μετοικιῶ ὑμᾶς ἐπέκεινα Βαβυλῶνος	1	I will carry you away beyond Babylon	“I will remove you to places even farther than Babylon.” This would be God’s act of judgment.
ACT	7	44	m9gw		ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου	1	the tabernacle of the testimony	The tent that housed the ark (a box) with the 10 commandments carved in stone inside it
ACT	7	45	n2sc		ἣν…εἰσήγαγον, διαδεξάμενοι οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν μετὰ Ἰησοῦ	1	our fathers, under Joshua, received the tabernacle and brought it with them	The phrase “under Joshua” means that their ancestors did these things in obedience to Joshua’s direction. Alternate translation: “our fathers, in accordance with Joshua’s instructions, received the tabernacle and brought it with them”
ACT	7	45	n1pp		τῇ κατασχέσει τῶν ἐθνῶν, ὧν ἐξῶσεν ὁ Θεὸς ἀπὸ προσώπου τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν	1	God took the land from the nations and drove them out before the face of our fathers	This sentence tells why the ancestors were able to take possession of the land. Alternate translation: “God forced the nations to leave the land before the face of our fathers”
ACT	7	45	spm5	figs-metonymy	τῇ κατασχέσει τῶν ἐθνῶν…ὁ Θεὸς ἀπὸ προσώπου τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν	1	God took the land…before the face of our fathers	Here “the face of our fathers” refers to the presence of their ancestors. Possible meanings are (1) “As our ancestors watched, God took the land from the nations and drove them out” or (2) “When our ancestors came, God took the land from the nations and drove them out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	7	45	c2fb	figs-metonymy	τῶν ἐθνῶν	1	the nations	This refers to the people who lived in the land before Israel. Alternate translation: “the people who previously lived here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	7	45	m9ib		ὧν ἐξῶσεν	1	drove them out	“forced them to leave the land”
ACT	7	46	w3cu		σκήνωμα τῷ οἴκῳ Ἰακώβ	1	a dwelling place for the God of Jacob	“a house for the ark where the God of Jacob could stay.” David wanted a permanent place for the ark to reside in Jerusalem, not in a tent.
ACT	7	47	a7bx			0	General Information:	In verses 49 and 50, Stephen quotes from the prophet Isaiah. In the quotation, God is speaking about himself.
ACT	7	48	c822	figs-synecdoche	χειροποιήτοις	1	made with hands	The hand is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “made by people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	7	49	k2vn		ὁ οὐρανός μοι θρόνος, ἡ δὲ γῆ ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν μου	1	Heaven is my throne…the earth is the footstool for my feet	The prophet is comparing the greatness of God’s presence to how impossible it is for man to build a place for God to rest on earth since the whole earth is nothing but a place for God to rest his feet.
ACT	7	49	wc9m	figs-rquestion	ποῖον οἶκον οἰκοδομήσετέ μοι	1	What kind of house can you build for me?	God asks this question to show how useless man’s efforts are to take care of God. Alternate translation: “You can not build a house adequate enough for me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	7	49	u1ft	figs-rquestion	τίς τόπος τῆς καταπαύσεώς μου	1	what is the place for my rest?	God asks this question to show man that he cannot provide God any rest. Alternate translation: “There is no place of rest good enough for me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	7	50	rfk1	figs-rquestion	οὐχὶ ἡ χείρ μου ἐποίησεν ταῦτα πάντα	1	Did my hand not make all these things?	God asks this question to show that man did not create anything. Alternate translation: “My hand made all these things!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	7	51	zei2			0	Connecting Statement:	With a sharp rebuke, Stephen finishes his response to the high priest and the council which he began in [Acts 7:2](../07/02.md).
ACT	7	51	umq6		σκληροτράχηλοι	1	You people who are stiff-necked	Stephen shifted from identifying with the Jewish leaders to rebuking them.
ACT	7	51	vn7h	figs-idiom	σκληροτράχηλοι	1	stiff-necked	This does not mean their necks were stiff but rather that they were “stubborn.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	7	51	zp55	figs-metonymy	ἀπερίτμητοι καρδίαις καὶ τοῖς ὠσίν	1	uncircumcised in heart and ears	The Jews regarded uncircumcised people as disobedient to God. Stephen uses “hearts and ears” to represent to the Jewish leaders who acted the way Gentiles act when they do not obey or listen to God. Alternate translation: “you refuse to obey and hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	7	52	x7kf	figs-rquestion	τίνα τῶν προφητῶν οὐκ ἐδίωξαν οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν	1	Which of the prophets did your fathers not persecute?	Stephen asked this question to show them that they learned nothing from the errors of their forefathers. Alternate translation: “Your forefathers persecuted every prophet!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	7	52	q8wb		Δικαίου	1	Righteous One	This refers to the Christ, the Messiah.
ACT	7	52	agd9		ὑμεῖς προδόται καὶ φονεῖς ἐγένεσθε	1	you have now become the betrayers and murderers of him also	“you have also betrayed and murdered him”
ACT	7	52	fcc6		φονεῖς	1	murderers of him	“murderers of the Righteous One” or “murderers of the Christ”
ACT	7	53	euw5		τὸν νόμον εἰς διαταγὰς ἀγγέλων	1	the law that angels had established	“the laws that God caused angels to give to our ancestors”
ACT	7	54	t4u2			0	Connecting Statement:	The council reacts to Stephen’s words.
ACT	7	54	ef2g		ἀκούοντες δὲ ταῦτα	1	Now when they heard these things	This is the turning point; the sermon ends and the council members react.
ACT	7	54	u4l7	figs-idiom	διεπρίοντο	1	were cut to the heart	To “cut to the heart” is an idiom for making a person extremely angry. Alternate translation: “were extremely angry” or “became very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	7	54	ae9s	translate-symaction	ἔβρυχον τοὺς ὀδόντας ἐπ’ αὐτόν	1	ground their teeth at him	This action expressed their strong anger at Stephen or hatred of Stephen. Alternate translation: “they became so angry that they ground their teeth together” or “moved their teeth back and forth as they looked at Stephen”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT	7	55	ntp4		ἀτενίσας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν	1	looked up intently into heaven	“Stared up into heaven.” It appears that only Stephen saw this vision and not anyone else in the crowd.
ACT	7	55	bl2j	figs-explicit	εἶδεν δόξαν Θεοῦ	1	saw the glory of God	People normally experienced the glory of God as a bright light. Alternate translation: “saw a bright light from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	7	55	vyz3	translate-symaction	καὶ Ἰησοῦν ἑστῶτα ἐκ δεξιῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	and he saw Jesus standing at the right hand of God	To stand at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “and he saw Jesus standing in the place of honor and authority beside God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT	7	56	aqp8		Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Son of Man	Stephen refers to Jesus by the title “Son of Man.”
ACT	7	57	p4cg	translate-symaction	συνέσχον τὰ ὦτα αὐτῶν	1	covered their ears	“put their hands on their ears.” They did this to show that they did not want to hear any more of what Stephen said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT	7	58	ks1u		ἐκβαλόντες ἔξω τῆς πόλεως	1	They dragged him out of the city	“They seized Stephen and forcefully took him out of the city”
ACT	7	58	wy7n		τὰ ἱμάτια	1	outer clothing	These are cloaks or robes they would wear outside to stay warm, similar in function to a jacket or coat.
ACT	7	58	sx2p		παρὰ τοὺς πόδας	1	at the feet	“in front of.” They were placed there so Saul could watch them.
ACT	7	58	e2vl		νεανίου	1	a young man	Saul was probably around 30 years old at the time.
ACT	7	59	le7k			0	Connecting Statement:	This ends the story of Stephen.
ACT	7	59	k2el		δέξαι τὸ πνεῦμά μου	1	receive my spirit	“take my spirit.” It may be helpful to add “please” to show that this was a request. Alternate translation: “please receive my spirit”
ACT	7	60	u86q	translate-symaction	θεὶς δὲ τὰ γόνατα	1	He knelt down	This is an act of submission to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT	7	60	tvf8	figs-litotes	μὴ στήσῃς αὐτοῖς ταύτην τὴν ἁμαρτίαν	1	do not hold this sin against them	This can be stated in a positive way. Alternate translation: “forgive them for this sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
ACT	7	60	r9vi	figs-euphemism	ἐκοιμήθη	1	fell asleep	Here to fall asleep is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
ACT	8	intro	q9d9			0		# Acts 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 8:32-33.<br><br>The first sentence of verse 1 ends the description of the events in chapter 7. Luke begins a new part of his history with the words “So there began.”<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Receiving the Holy Spirit<br><br>In this chapter for the first time Luke speaks of people receiving the Holy Spirit ([Acts 8:15-19](../08/15.md)). The Holy Spirit had already enabled the believers to speak in tongues, to heal the sick, and to live as a community, and he had filled Stephen. But when the Jews started putting believers in prison, those believers who could leave Jerusalem did leave, and as they went, they told people about Jesus. When the people who heard about Jesus received the Holy Spirit, the church leaders knew that those people had truly become believers.<br><br>### Proclaimed<br><br>This chapter more than any other in the Book of Acts speaks of the believers proclaiming the word, proclaiming the good news, and proclaiming that Jesus is the Christ. The word “proclaim” translates a Greek word that means to tell good news about something.
ACT	8	1	tp9e	translate-versebridge		0	General Information:	It may be helpful to your audience to move these parts of the story about Stephen together by using a verse bridge as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]])
ACT	8	1	a7uc			0	Connecting Statement:	The story shifts from Stephen to Saul in these verses.
ACT	8	1	ez88	writing-background	ἐγένετο…ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, διωγμὸς μέγας ἐπὶ τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, τὴν ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις. πάντες δὲ διεσπάρησαν κατὰ τὰς χώρας τῆς Ἰουδαίας καὶ Σαμαρείας, πλὴν τῶν ἀποστόλων	1	So there began…except the apostles	This part of verse 1 is background information about the persecution that began after Stephen’s death. This explains why Saul was persecuting the believers in verse 3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	8	1	vc8x		ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ	1	that day	This refers to the day that Stephen died ([Acts 7:59-60](../07/59.md)).
ACT	8	1	u5pi	figs-hyperbole	πάντες…διεσπάρησαν	1	the believers were all scattered	The word “all” is a generalization to express that a large number of the believers left Jerusalem because of the persecution. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	8	1	k5a2	figs-explicit	πλὴν τῶν ἀποστόλων	1	except the apostles	This statement implies that the apostles remained in Jerusalem even though they also experienced this great persecution. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	8	2	sjc8		ἄνδρες εὐλαβεῖς	1	Devout men	“God-fearing men” or “Men who feared God”
ACT	8	2	a38x		ἐποίησαν κοπετὸν μέγαν ἐπ’ αὐτῷ	1	made great lamentation over him	“greatly mourned his death”
ACT	8	3	nz28		σύρων τε ἄνδρας καὶ γυναῖκας	1	dragged out men and women	Saul forcefully took Jewish believers out of their home and put them into prison.
ACT	8	3	yd2i		κατὰ τοὺς οἴκους	1	house after house	“houses one by one”
ACT	8	3	ylr6		σύρων τε ἄνδρας καὶ γυναῖκας	1	dragged out men and women	“took away men and women by force”
ACT	8	3	w6vk	figs-explicit	ἄνδρας καὶ γυναῖκας	1	men and women	This refers to men and women who believed in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	8	4	dh3x			0	Connecting Statement:	This begins the story of Philip, whom the people had chosen as a deacon ([Acts 6:5](../06/05.md)).
ACT	8	4	ymy5	figs-activepassive	διασπαρέντες	1	who had been scattered	The cause for the scattering, the persecution, was stated previously. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who had fled the great persecution and had gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	8	4	su6i	figs-metonymy	τὸν λόγον	1	the word	This is a metonym for “the message.” You may need to make explicit that the message was about Jesus. Alternate translation: “the message about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	8	5	gz5m		κατελθὼν εἰς τὴν πόλιν τῆς Σαμαρείας	1	went down to the city of Samaria	The phrase “went down” is used here because Samaria is lower in elevation than Jerusalem.
ACT	8	5	f45b		τὴν πόλιν τῆς Σαμαρείας	1	the city of Samaria	Possible meanings are (1) Luke expected the readers to know which city he was writing about. Alternate translation: “the main city in Samaria” or (2) Luke did not expect his readers to know which city he was writing about. Alternate translation: “a city in Samaria”
ACT	8	5	pk1l	figs-metonymy	ἐκήρυσσεν αὐτοῖς τὸν Χριστόν	1	proclaimed to them the Christ	The title “Christ” refers to Jesus, the Messiah. Alternate translation: “told them that Jesus is the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	8	6	cnt9		δὲ οἱ ὄχλοι	1	When multitudes of people	“When many people in the city of Samaria.” The location was specified in [Acts 8:5](../08/05.md).
ACT	8	6	wm83		προσεῖχον	1	they paid attention	The reason people paid attention was because of all the healing Philip did.
ACT	8	7	xb2n		ἐχόντων πνεύματα ἀκάθαρτα	1	who were possessed	“who had them” or “who were controlled by unclean spirits”
ACT	8	8	z5z3	figs-metonymy	ἐγένετο δὲ πολλὴ χαρὰ ἐν τῇ πόλει ἐκείνῃ	1	So there was much joy in that city	The phrase “that city” refers to the people who were rejoicing. Alternate translation: “So the people of the city were rejoicing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	8	9	jm7n	writing-background		0	General Information:	Simon is introduced to the story of Philip. This verse gives the beginning of the background information about Simon and who he was among the Samaritans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	8	9	bed1	writing-participants	ἀνὴρ δέ τις ὀνόματι Σίμων	1	But there was a certain man…named Simon	This is a way of introducing a new person into the story. Your language may use different wording to introduce a new person into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
ACT	8	9	cx7a		τῇ πόλει	1	the city	“the city in Samaria” ([Acts 8:5](../08/05.md))
ACT	8	10	kb9b	writing-background		0	General Information:	Simon is introduced to the story of Philip. This verse continues to give the beginning of the background information about Simon and who he was among the Samaritans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	8	10	evt7	figs-hyperbole	πάντες	1	All the Samaritans	The word “all” is a generalization. Alternate translation: “Many of the Samaritans” or “The Samaritans in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	8	10	ibl1	figs-merism	ἀπὸ μικροῦ ἕως μεγάλου	1	from the least to the greatest	These two phrases refer to everyone from one extreme to the other. Alternate translation: “no matter how important they were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ACT	8	10	j3d8		οὗτός ἐστιν ἡ Δύναμις τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἡ καλουμένη Μεγάλη	1	This man is that power of God which is called Great	People were saying that Simon was the divine power known as “The Great Power.”
ACT	8	10	yw5v		ἡ Δύναμις τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἡ καλουμένη Μεγάλη	1	that power of God which is called Great	Possible meanings are (1) the powerful representative of God or (2) God or (3) the most powerful man or (4) and angel. Since the term is unclear, it may be best to simply translate it as “the Great power of God” .
ACT	8	11	pxj8	writing-background		0	General Information:	Simon is introduced to the story of Philip. This verse ends the background information about Simon and who he was among the Samaritans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	8	12	yiw3			0	Connecting Statement:	These verses give more information about Simon and some of the Samaritans coming to believe in Jesus.
ACT	8	12	vsy8	figs-activepassive	ἐβαπτίζοντο	1	they were baptized	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Philip baptized them” or “Philip baptized the new believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	8	13	k2th	figs-rpronouns	ὁ…Σίμων…αὐτὸς ἐπίστευσεν	1	Simon himself believed	The word “himself” is here used to emphasize that Simon believed. Alternate translation: “Simon was also one of those who believed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
ACT	8	13	v91t	figs-activepassive	βαπτισθεὶς	1	he was baptized	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Philip baptized Simon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	8	13	aj93		θεωρῶν τε σημεῖα	1	When he saw signs	This could begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “When he saw”
ACT	8	14	q8wx			0	Connecting Statement:	Luke continues the news of what was happening in Samaria.
ACT	8	14	s7lr	writing-newevent	ἀκούσαντες δὲ οἱ ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ἀπόστολοι	1	Now when the apostles in Jerusalem heard	This marks the beginning of a new part of the story of the Samaritan’s becoming believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
ACT	8	14	ju21	figs-synecdoche	ἡ Σαμάρεια	1	Samaria	This refers to the many people, who had become believers, throughout the district of Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	8	14	e682		δέδεκται	1	had received	“had believed” or “had accepted”
ACT	8	15	af1n		οἵτινες καταβάντες	1	When they had come down	“when Peter and John had come down”
ACT	8	15	hk1m		καταβάντες	1	come down	This phrase is used here because Samaria is lower in elevation than Jerusalem.
ACT	8	15	bun9		προσηύξαντο περὶ αὐτῶν	1	they prayed for them	“Peter and John prayed for the Samaritan believers”
ACT	8	15	n7vc		ὅπως λάβωσιν Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον	1	that they might receive the Holy Spirit	“that the Samaritan believers might receive the Holy Spirit”
ACT	8	16	m1nw	figs-activepassive	μόνον…βεβαπτισμένοι ὑπῆρχον	1	they had only been baptized	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Philip had only baptized the Samaritan believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	8	16	rn3c	figs-metonymy	μόνον…βεβαπτισμένοι ὑπῆρχον εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ	1	they had only been baptized into the name of the Lord Jesus	Here “name” represents authority, and being baptized into his name represents being baptized in order to be under his authority. Alternate translation: “they had only been baptized to become disciples of the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	8	17	fwh8		ἐπετίθεσαν τὰς χεῖρας ἐπ’ αὐτούς	1	they placed their hands on them	Peter and John placed their hands on the Samaritan people who had believed Stephen’s message of the gospel.
ACT	8	17	q7gd	translate-symaction	ἐπετίθεσαν τὰς χεῖρας ἐπ’ αὐτούς	1	they placed their hands on them	This symbolic action shows that Peter and John wanted God to give the Holy Spirit to the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT	8	18	rh79	figs-activepassive	διὰ τῆς ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν τῶν ἀποστόλων δίδοται τὸ Πνεῦμα	1	the Holy Spirit was given through the laying on of the apostles’ hands	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the apostles gave the Holy Spirit by laying their hands on people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	8	19	fbw9		ἵνα ᾧ ἐὰν ἐπιθῶ τὰς χεῖρας, λαμβάνῃ Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον	1	that whoever I place my hands on might receive the Holy Spirit	“that I can give the Holy Spirit to anyone on whom I place my hands”
ACT	8	20	df1j			0	General Information:	Here the words him, your, you, and yours all refer to Simon.
ACT	8	20	jju3		τὸ ἀργύριόν σου, σὺν σοὶ εἴη εἰς ἀπώλειαν	1	May your silver perish along with you	“May you and your money be destroyed”
ACT	8	20	gh12		τὴν δωρεὰν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the gift of God	Here this refers to the ability to give the Holy Spirit by laying his hands on someone.
ACT	8	21	p2ev	figs-doublet	οὐκ ἔστιν σοι μερὶς οὐδὲ κλῆρος ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ	1	You have no part or share in this matter	The words “part” and “share” mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “You may not participate in this work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ACT	8	21	xbh2	figs-metonymy	ἡ γὰρ καρδία σου οὐκ ἔστιν εὐθεῖα	1	your heart is not right	Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s thoughts or motives. Alternate translation: “you are not right in your heart” or “the motives of your mind are not right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	8	22	ppk5	figs-metonymy	ἡ ἐπίνοια τῆς καρδίας σου	1	for the intention of your heart	Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “for what you intended to do” or “for what you were thinking of doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	8	22	sa6s		τῆς κακίας…ταύτης	1	this wickedness	“these evil thoughts”
ACT	8	22	pe2u		εἰ ἄρα ἀφεθήσεταί	1	he might perhaps forgive	“he may be willing to forgive”
ACT	8	23	d3v7	figs-metaphor	εἰς…χολὴν πικρίας	1	in the poison of bitterness	Here “in the poison of bitterness” is a metaphor for being very envious. It speaks of envy as if it tastes bitter and poisons the person who is envious. Alternate translation: “very envious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	8	23	j696	figs-metaphor	σύνδεσμον ἀδικίας	1	in the bonds of sin	The phrase “bonds of sin” is spoken of as if sin can restrain Simon and keep him a prisoner. It is metaphor that means Simon is not able to stop himself from sinning. Alternate translation: “because you continue sinning you are like a prisoner” or “you are like a prisoner to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	8	24	n5cw			0	General Information:	Here the word “you” refers to Peter and John.
ACT	8	24	u1a4		ὅπως μηδὲν ἐπέλθῃ ἐπ’ ἐμὲ	1	so that nothing you have said may happen to me	This can be stated another way. Alternate translation: “the things you have said…may not happen to me”
ACT	8	24	sk5w		ὅπως μηδὲν ἐπέλθῃ ἐπ’ ἐμὲ	1	so that nothing you have said may happen to me	This refers to Peter’s rebuke about Simon’s silver perishing along with him.
ACT	8	25	dl9f			0	Connecting Statement:	This is concludes the part of the story about Simon and the Samaritans.
ACT	8	25	uz15		διαμαρτυράμενοι	1	testified	Peter and John told what they personally knew about Jesus to the Samaritans.
ACT	8	25	ww9k	figs-metonymy	λαλήσαντες τὸν λόγον τοῦ Κυρίου	1	spoken the word of the Lord	“Word” here is a metonym for “message.” Peter and John explained the message about Jesus to the Samaritans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	8	25	eu66	figs-synecdoche	πολλάς…κώμας τῶν Σαμαρειτῶν	1	to many villages of the Samaritans	Here “villages” refers to the people in them. Alternate translation: “to the people in many Samaritan villages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	8	26	zkc5	writing-background		0	General Information:	Verse 27 gives background information about the man from Ethiopia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	8	26	rnh4			0	Connecting Statement:	This begins the part of the story about Philip and the man from Ethiopia.
ACT	8	26	mbj9	writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Now	This marks a transition in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
ACT	8	26	w1nk		ἀνάστηθι καὶ πορεύου	1	Arise and go	These verbs work together to emphasize that he should get ready to start a long journey that will take some time. Alternate translation: “Get ready to travel”
ACT	8	26	le2c		τὴν καταβαίνουσαν ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλὴμ εἰς Γάζαν	1	goes down from Jerusalem to Gaza	The phrase “goes down” is used here because Jerusalem is higher in elevation than Gaza.
ACT	8	26	a18y	writing-background	αὕτη ἐστὶν ἔρημος	1	This road is in a desert	Most scholars believe Luke added this comment to describe the area through which Philip would travel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	8	27	xy7x	writing-participants	ἰδοὺ	1	Behold	The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
ACT	8	27	s1uf		εὐνοῦχος	1	eunuch	The emphasis of “eunuch” here is about the Ethiopian’s being a high government official, not so much his physical state of being castrated.
ACT	8	27	t5t1	translate-names	Κανδάκης	1	Candace	This was a title for the queens of Ethiopia. It is similar to the way the word Pharaoh was used for the kings of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	8	27	v8q7	figs-explicit	ὃς ἐληλύθει προσκυνήσων εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ	1	He had come to Jerusalem to worship	This implies that he was a Gentile who believed in God and had come to worship at the Jewish temple. Alternate translation: “He had come to worship God at the temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	8	28	d3kv		τοῦ ἅρματος	1	chariot	Possibly “wagon” or “carriage” is more fitting in this context. Chariots are normally mentioned as a vehicle for war, not as a vehicle for long-distance travel. Also, people stood to ride in chariots.
ACT	8	28	bx2j	figs-metonymy	ἀνεγίνωσκεν τὸν προφήτην Ἠσαΐαν	1	reading the prophet Isaiah	This is the Old Testament book Isaiah. Alternate translation: “reading from the book of the prophet Isaiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	8	29	llh1	figs-metonymy	κολλήθητι τῷ ἅρματι τούτῳ	1	stay close to this chariot	Philip understood that this meant he was to stay close to the person riding in the chariot. Alternate translation: “accompany the man in this chariot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	8	30	ffh7	figs-metonymy	ἀναγινώσκοντος Ἠσαΐαν τὸν προφήτην	1	reading Isaiah the prophet	This is the Old Testament book Isaiah. Alternate translation: “reading from the book of the prophet Isaiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	8	30	x98i		ἆρά…γινώσκεις ἃ ἀναγινώσκεις	1	Do you understand what you are reading?	The Ethiopian was intelligent and could read, but he lacked spiritual discernment. Alternate translation: “Do you understand the meaning of what you are reading?”
ACT	8	31	r5g2	figs-rquestion	πῶς…δυναίμην ἐὰν μή τις ὁδηγήσει με	1	How can I, unless someone guides me?	This question was asked to state emphatically that he could not understand without help. Alternate translation: “I cannot understand unless someone guides me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	8	31	zx9h	figs-explicit	παρεκάλεσέν…τὸν Φίλιππον, ἀναβάντα καθίσαι σὺν αὐτῷ	1	He begged Philip to…sit with him	It is implied here that Philip agreed to travel down the road with him to explain the scriptures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	8	32	nd93			0	General Information:	This a passage from the book of Isaiah. Here the words “he” and “his” refer to the Messiah.
ACT	8	32	lu3j		ὡς ἀμνὸς ἐναντίον τοῦ κείραντος αὐτὸν ἄφωνος	1	like a lamb before his shearer is silent	A shearer is a person who cuts the wool off the sheep so that it may be used.
ACT	8	33	y2a1	figs-activepassive	ἐν τῇ ταπεινώσει, ἡ κρίσις αὐτοῦ ἤρθη	1	In his humiliation justice was taken away from him	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He was humiliated and they did not judge him fairly” or “he allowed himself to be humbled before his accusers and he suffered injustice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	8	33	k3uz	figs-rquestion	τὴν γενεὰν αὐτοῦ τίς διηγήσεται	1	Who can fully describe his descendants?	This question was used to emphasize the he will not have descendants. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to speak about his descendant, for there will not be any” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	8	33	idk8	figs-activepassive	αἴρεται ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς ἡ ζωὴ αὐτοῦ	1	his life was taken from the earth	This referred to his death. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “men killed him” or “men took his life from the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	8	34	htb2		δέομαί σου	1	I beg you	“Please tell me”
ACT	8	35	uw21	figs-metonymy	τῆς Γραφῆς ταύτης	1	this scripture	This refers to Isaiah’s writings in the Old Testament. Alternate translation: “in the writings of Isaiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	8	36	ip13		ἐπορεύοντο κατὰ τὴν ὁδόν	1	they went on the road	“they continued to travel along the road”
ACT	8	36	muz2	figs-rquestion	τί κωλύει με βαπτισθῆναι	1	What prevents me from being baptized?	The eunuch uses this question as a way of asking Philip for permission to be baptized. Alternate translation: “Please allow me to be baptized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	8	38	l8wl		ἐκέλευσεν στῆναι τὸ ἅρμα	1	he commanded the chariot to stop	“the eunich told the driver of the chariot to stop”
ACT	8	39	tz5u			0	Connecting Statement:	This is the end of the part of the story about Philip and the man from Ethiopia. The story of Philip ends at Caesarea.
ACT	8	39	xp52		οὐκ εἶδεν αὐτὸν οὐκέτι ὁ εὐνοῦχος	1	the eunuch saw him no more	“the eunuch did not see Philip again”
ACT	8	40	r1x7		Φίλιππος…εὑρέθη εἰς Ἄζωτον	1	Philip appeared at Azotus	There was no indication of Philip’s traveling between where he baptized the Ethiopian and Azotus. He just suddenly disappeared along the road to Gaza and reappeared at the town of Azotus.
ACT	8	40	arh5		διερχόμενος	1	that region	This refers to the area around the town of Azotus.
ACT	8	40	zfn6		τὰς πόλεις πάσας	1	to all the cities	“to all the cities in that region”
ACT	9	intro	jm6x			0		# Acts 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “The Way”<br><br>No one knows for sure who first started calling believers “followers of the Way.” This is probably what the believers called themselves, because the Bible often speaks of a person living his life as if that person were walking on a path or “way.” If this is true, the believers were “following the way of the Lord” by living in a way that pleased God.<br><br>### “Letters for the synagogues in Damascus”<br><br>The “letters” Paul asked for were probably legal papers that permitted him to put Christians in prison. The synagogue leaders in Damascus would have obeyed the letter because it was written by the high priest. If the Romans had seen the letter, they also would have allowed Saul to persecute the Christians, because they permitted the Jews to do as they desired to people who broke their religious laws.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### What Saul saw when he met Jesus<br><br>It is clear that Saul saw a light and that it was because of this light that he “fell upon the ground.” Some people think that Saul knew that it was the Lord speaking to him without seeing a human form, because the Bible often speaks of God as being light and living in light. Other people think that later in his life he was able to say, “I have seen the Lord Jesus” because it was a human form that he saw here.
ACT	9	1	r4n5	writing-background		0	General Information:	These verses give background information telling us what Saul has been doing since the stoning of Stephen. Here the word “him” refers to the high priest and “he” refers to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	9	1	yt9e			0	Connecting Statement:	The story shifts back to Saul and his salvation.
ACT	9	1	anb6	figs-abstractnouns	ἔτι ἐμπνέων ἀπειλῆς καὶ φόνου εἰς τοὺς μαθητὰς	1	still speaking threats even of murder against the disciples	The noun “murder” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “still speaking threats, even to murder the disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	9	2	v9lw	figs-metonymy	πρὸς τὰς συναγωγάς	1	for the synagogues	This refers to the people in the synagogues. Alternate translation: “for the people in the synagogues” or “for the leaders in the synagogues” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	9	2	y8f6		ἐάν τινας εὕρῃ	1	if he found any	“when he found anyone” or “if he found anyone”
ACT	9	2	pk19		τῆς ὁδοῦ, ὄντας	1	who belonged to the Way	“who followed the teachings of Jesus Christ”
ACT	9	2	n94s		τῆς ὁδοῦ	1	the Way	This term appears to have been a title for Christianity at that time.
ACT	9	2	a6z4	figs-explicit	δεδεμένους ἀγάγῃ εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ	1	he might bring them bound to Jerusalem	“he might take them as prisoners to Jerusalem.” Paul’s purpose can be made clear by adding “so that the Jewish leaders could judge and punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	9	3	lv9q			0	Connecting Statement:	After the high priest gave Saul the letters, Saul left for Damascus.
ACT	9	3	jf4g		ἐν…τῷ πορεύεσθαι	1	As he was traveling	Saul left Jerusalem and now travels to Damascus.
ACT	9	3	by55	writing-newevent	ἐγένετο	1	it happened that	This is an expression that marks a change in the story to show something different is about to happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
ACT	9	3	dm6c		τε αὐτὸν περιήστραψεν φῶς ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ	1	there shone all around him a light out of heaven	“a light from heaven shone all around him”
ACT	9	3	gua8		ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ	1	out of heaven	Possible meanings are (1) heaven, where God lives or (2) the sky. The first meaning is preferable. Use that meaning if your language has a separate word for it.
ACT	9	4	y4u4		πεσὼν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν	1	he fell upon the ground	Possible meanings are that (1) “Saul threw himself to the ground” or (2) “The light caused him to fall to the ground” or (3) “Saul fell to the ground the way one who fainted fell.” Saul did not fall accidentally.
ACT	9	4	c9l4	figs-rquestion	τί με διώκεις	1	why are you persecuting me?	This rhetorical question communicates a rebuke to Saul. In some languages a statement would be more natural (AT): “You are persecuting me!” or a command (AT): “Stop persecuting me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	9	5	q8ge			0	General Information:	Every occurrence of the word “you” here is singular.
ACT	9	5	jaq2		τίς εἶ, κύριε	1	Who are you, Lord?	Saul was not acknowledging that Jesus is the Lord. He uses that title because he understood that he spoke to someone of supernatural power.
ACT	9	5	abc0		ὁ	1	He said	Jesus is speaking.
ACT	9	6	i1kj		ἀλλὰ ἀνάστηθι καὶ εἴσελθε εἰς τὴν πόλιν	1	but rise, enter into the city	“get up and go into the city Damascus”
ACT	9	6	fbi6	figs-activepassive	λαληθήσεταί σοι	1	it will be told you	This can be stated in the active form. Alternate translation: “someone will tell you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	9	7	xu7c		ἀκούοντες μὲν τῆς φωνῆς, μηδένα δὲ θεωροῦντες	1	hearing the voice, but seeing no one	“they heard the voice, but they did not see anyone”
ACT	9	7	f9fe		μηδένα δὲ θεωροῦντες	1	but seeing no one	“but saw no one.” Apparently only Saul experienced the light.
ACT	9	8	puw3	figs-explicit	ἀνεῳγμένων…τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτοῦ	1	when he opened his eyes	This implies that he had closed his eyes because the light was too bright. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	9	8	dgg8		οὐδὲν ἔβλεπεν	1	he could see nothing	“he could not see anything.” Saul was blind.
ACT	9	9	fhn6		ἦν…μὴ βλέπων	1	was without sight	“was blind” or “could not see anything”
ACT	9	9	t8uc		οὐκ ἔφαγεν οὐδὲ ἔπιεν	1	he neither ate nor drank	It is not stated whether he chose not to eat or drink as a form of worship, or if he had no appetite because he was too distressed from his situation. It is preferable not to specify the reason.
ACT	9	10	kgn9	translate-names		0	General Information:	The story of Saul continues but Luke introduces another man named Ananias. This is not the same Ananias who died earlier in Acts [Acts 5:3](../05/03.md). You may translate this name the same way though as you did in [Acts 5:1](../05/01.md). Though there is more than one Judas mentioned in the New Testament, it is likely this is the only appearance of this Judas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	9	10	j847	writing-participants	ἦν δέ	1	Now there was	This introduces Ananias as a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
ACT	9	10	vl8k		ὁ…εἶπεν	1	He said	“Ananias said”
ACT	9	11	mn24		πορεύθητι ἐπὶ τὴν ῥύμην τὴν καλουμένην Εὐθεῖαν	1	go to the street which is called Straight	“go to Straight Street”
ACT	9	11	ie1l		οἰκίᾳ Ἰούδα	1	house of Judas	This Judas is not the disciple who betrayed Jesus. This Judas was owner of a house in Damascus where Saul was staying.
ACT	9	11	u5j8		Σαῦλον ὀνόματι Ταρσέα	1	a man from Tarsus named Saul	“a man from the city of Tarsus named Saul” or “Saul of Tarsus”
ACT	9	12	jk46	translate-symaction	ἐπιθέντα αὐτῷ χεῖρας	1	laying his hands on him	This was a symbol of giving a spiritual blessing to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT	9	12	nx5q		ἀναβλέψῃ	1	he might see again	“he might regain his ability to see”
ACT	9	13	la9t		ἁγίοις σου	1	your holy people	Here “holy people” refers to Christians. Alternate translation: “the people in Jerusalem who believe in you”
ACT	9	14	ptd6	figs-explicit	ὧδε…ἐξουσίαν…δῆσαι πάντας	1	authority…to arrest everyone here	It is implied that the extent of the power and authority granted Saul was limited to the Jewish people at this point in time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	9	14	t3fl	figs-metonymy	τοὺς ἐπικαλουμένους τὸ ὄνομά σου	1	calls upon your name	Here “your name” refers to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	9	15	jmt7	figs-metonymy	σκεῦος ἐκλογῆς ἐστίν μοι οὗτος	1	he is a chosen instrument of mine	“chosen instrument” refers to something that is set apart for service. Alternate translation: “I have chosen him to serve me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	9	15	z5fj	figs-metonymy	τοῦ βαστάσαι τὸ ὄνομά μου	1	to carry my name	This is an expression for identifying or speaking out for Jesus. Alternate translation: “in order that he might speak about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	9	16	kty3	figs-metonymy	ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματός μου	1	for the cause of my name	This is an expression meaning “for telling people about me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	9	17	q61x	figs-you		0	General Information:	The word “you” here is singular and refers to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ACT	9	17	j2pf			0	Connecting Statement:	Ananias goes to the house where Saul is staying. After Saul is healed, the story shifts from Ananias back to Saul.
ACT	9	17	s8ms		ἀπῆλθεν δὲ Ἁνανίας καὶ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν	1	So Ananias departed, and entered into the house	It may be helpful to state that Ananias went to the house before he entered into it. Alternate translation: “So Ananias went, and after he found the house where Saul was, he entered it”
ACT	9	17	my6m	translate-symaction	ἐπιθεὶς ἐπ’ αὐτὸν τὰς χεῖρας	1	Laying his hands on him	Ananias put his hands on Saul. This was a symbol of giving a blessing to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT	9	17	a89q	figs-activepassive	ὅπως ἀναβλέψῃς καὶ πλησθῇς Πνεύματος Ἁγίου	1	so that you might receive your sight and be filled with the Holy Spirit	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “has sent me so that you might see again and that the Holy Spirit might fill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	9	18	m1hx		ἀπέπεσαν…ὡς λεπίδες	1	something like scales fell	“something that appeared like fish scales fell”
ACT	9	18	g2ea		ἀνέβλεψέν	1	he received his sight	“he was able to see again”
ACT	9	18	efs9	figs-activepassive	ἀναστὰς ἐβαπτίσθη	1	he arose and was baptized	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he got up and Ananias baptized him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	9	20	rc49			0	General Information:	Here only the second “he” refers to Jesus, the Son of God. The first “he” and the other ones refer to Saul.
ACT	9	20	w65r	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Son of God	This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
ACT	9	21	xid8	figs-hyperbole	πάντες οἱ ἀκούοντες	1	All who heard him	The word “All” is a generalization. Alternate translation: “Those who heard him” or “Many who heard him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	9	21	f4fd	figs-rquestion	οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ πορθήσας ἐν Ἰερουσαλὴμ τοὺς ἐπικαλουμένους τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο	1	Is not this the man who destroyed those in Jerusalem who called on this name?	This is a rhetorical and negative question that emphasizes that Saul was indeed the man who had persecuted the believers. Alternate translation: “This is the man who destroyed those in Jerusalem who called on this name Jesus!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	9	21	ctg3	figs-metonymy	τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο	1	this name	Here “name” refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “the name of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	9	22	r1np		συνέχυννεν τοὺς Ἰουδαίους	1	causing distress among the Jews	They were distressed in the sense that they could not find a way to refute Saul’s arguments that Jesus was the Christ.
ACT	9	23	g6gw			0	General Information:	The word “him” in this section refers to Saul.
ACT	9	23	g74c	figs-synecdoche	οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι	1	the Jews	This refers to the leaders of the Jews. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	9	24	lv62	figs-activepassive	ἐγνώσθη δὲ τῷ Σαύλῳ ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ αὐτῶν	1	But their plan became known to Saul	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But someone told their plan to Saul” or “But Saul learned about their plan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	9	24	cy9n		παρετηροῦντο…καὶ τὰς πύλας	1	They watched the gates	This city had a wall surrounding it. People could normally only enter and exit the city through the gates.
ACT	9	25	lc8m		οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ	1	his disciples	people who believed Saul’s message about Jesus and were following his teaching
ACT	9	25	u8g8		διὰ τοῦ τείχους, καθῆκαν αὐτὸν, χαλάσαντες ἐν σπυρίδι	1	let him down through the wall, lowering him in a basket	“used ropes to lower him in a large basket through an opening in the wall”
ACT	9	26	j1el			0	General Information:	Here the words “he” and “him” refer to Saul all but one time. “And ‘he’ told them how” in verse 27 refers to Barnabas.
ACT	9	26	e38m	figs-hyperbole	καὶ πάντες ἐφοβοῦντο αὐτόν	1	but they were all afraid of him	Here “they were all” is a generalization, but it is possible that it refers to every person. Alternate translation: “but they were afraid of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	9	27	abca		διηγήσατο αὐτοῖς	1	he told them	“Barnabas told the apostles”
ACT	9	27	abcb		εἶδεν	1	he had seen	“Saul had seen”
ACT	9	27	abcc		ἐλάλησεν αὐτῷ	1	he had spoken to him	“the Lord had spoken to Saul”
ACT	9	27	n9f1	figs-metonymy	ἐπαρρησιάσατο ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Ἰησοῦ	1	had spoken boldly in the name of Jesus	This is a way of saying he preached or taught the gospel message of Jesus Christ without fear. Alternate translation: “had openly preached the message about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	9	28	m5rs		ἦν μετ’ αὐτῶν	1	He met with them	Here the word “He” refers to Paul. The word “them” probably refers to the apostles and other disciples in Jerusalem.
ACT	9	28	fbb7	figs-metonymy	ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου	1	in the name of the Lord Jesus	Possible meanings are (1) this simply refers to the Lord Jesus and tells who Paul spoke about. Alternate translation: “about the Lord Jesus” or (2) “name” is a metonym for authority. Alternate translation: “under the authority of the Lord Jesus” or “with the authority that the Lord Jesus gave him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	9	29	d7lm		συνεζήτει πρὸς τοὺς Ἑλληνιστάς	1	debated with the Grecian Jews	Saul tried to reason with the Jews who spoke Greek.
ACT	9	30	uz9a		οἱ ἀδελφοὶ	1	the brothers	The words “the brothers” refers to the believers in Jerusalem.
ACT	9	30	j4mt		κατήγαγον αὐτὸν εἰς Καισάρειαν	1	brought him down to Caesarea	The phrase “brought him down” is used here because Caesarea is lower in elevation than Jerusalem.
ACT	9	30	aqn6	figs-explicit	ἐξαπέστειλαν αὐτὸν εἰς Ταρσόν	1	sent him away to Tarsus	Caesarea was a seaport. They brothers probably sent Saul to Tarsus by ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	9	31	vk8y			0	General Information:	Verse 31 is a statement that gives an update on the church’s growth.
ACT	9	31	n7c5			0	Connecting Statement:	In verse 32, the story shifts from Saul to a new part of the story about Peter.
ACT	9	31	s4bn		ἡ…ἐκκλησία καθ’ ὅλης τῆς Ἰουδαίας, καὶ Γαλιλαίας, καὶ Σαμαρείας	1	the church throughout all Judea, Galilee, and Samaria	This is the first use of the singular “church” to refer to more than one local congregation. Here it refers to all the believers in all the groups throughout Israel.
ACT	9	31	fh2g		εἶχεν εἰρήνην	1	had peace	“lived peacefully.” This means the persecution that started with the murder of Stephen was finished.
ACT	9	31	elq7	figs-activepassive	οἰκοδομουμένη	1	was built up	The agent was either God or the Holy Spirit. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God helped them grow” or “the Holy Spirit built them up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	9	31	j8c9	figs-metaphor	πορευομένη τῷ φόβῳ τοῦ Κυρίου	1	walking in the fear of the Lord	“Walking” here is a metaphor for “living.” Alternate translation: “living in obedience to the Lord” or “continuing to honor the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	9	31	hl24		τῇ παρακλήσει τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος	1	in the comfort of the Holy Spirit	“with the Holy Spirit strengthening and encouraging them”
ACT	9	32	w68g	writing-newevent	ἐγένετο δὲ	1	Now it came about	This phrase is used to mark a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
ACT	9	32	m9sg	figs-hyperbole	διὰ πάντων	1	throughout the whole region	This is an generalization for Peter’s visiting the believers in many places in the region of Judea, Galilee, and Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	9	32	ad7g		κατελθεῖν	1	he came down	The phrase “came down” is used here because Lydda is lower in elevation than the other places where he was traveling.
ACT	9	32	g5c4		Λύδδα	1	Lydda	Lydda is a city located about 18 kilometers southeast of Joppa. This city was called Lod in the Old Testament and in modern Israel.
ACT	9	33	hzd7		εὗρεν…ἐκεῖ ἄνθρωπόν τινα	1	There he found a certain man	Peter was not intentionally searching for a paralyzed person, but happened upon him. Alternate translation: “There Peter met a man”
ACT	9	33	jnc4	writing-participants	ἄνθρωπόν τινα ὀνόματι Αἰνέαν	1	a certain man named Aeneas	This introduces Aeneas as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
ACT	9	33	uj5f	writing-background	κατακείμενον ἐπὶ κραβάττου, ὃς ἦν παραλελυμένος	1	who had been in his bed…was paralyzed	This is background information about Aeneas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	9	33	k7hw		παραλελυμένος	1	paralyzed	unable to walk, probably unable to move below the waist
ACT	9	34	ff2a		στρῶσον σεαυτῷ	1	make your bed	“roll up your mat”
ACT	9	35	z3fp	figs-hyperbole	πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες Λύδδα καὶ τὸν Σαρῶνα	1	everyone who lived in Lydda and in Sharon	This is a generalization referring to many of the people there. Alternate translation: “those who lived in Lydda and in Sharon” or “many people who lived in Lydda and Sharon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	9	35	qkv4		Λύδδα καὶ τὸν Σαρῶνα	1	in Lydda and in Sharon	The city of Lydda was located in the Plain of Sharon.
ACT	9	35	pf23		εἶδαν αὐτὸν	1	saw him	It may be helpful to state that they saw that the man was healed. Alternate translation: “saw the man whom Peter had healed”
ACT	9	35	x9yw	figs-metaphor	οἵτινες ἐπέστρεψαν ἐπὶ τὸν Κύριον	1	and they turned to the Lord	Here “turned to the Lord” is a metaphor for starting to obey the Lord. Alternate translation: “and they repented of their sins and started obeying the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	9	36	gy8u	writing-background		0	General Information:	These verses give background information about the woman named Tabitha. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	9	36	du3s			0	Connecting Statement:	Luke continues the story with a new event about Peter.
ACT	9	36	zgq5	writing-newevent	δέ…ἦν	1	Now there was	This introduces a new part in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
ACT	9	36	gwr4	translate-names	Ταβειθά, ἣ διερμηνευομένη λέγεται, Δορκάς	1	Tabitha, which is translated as “Dorcas.”	Tabitha is her name in the Aramaic language, and Dorcas is her name in the Greek language. Both names mean “gazelle.” Alternate translation: “Her name in the Greek language was Dorcas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	9	36	q2rn		πλήρης ἔργων ἀγαθῶν	1	full of good works	“doing many good things”
ACT	9	37	mg72	figs-explicit	ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις	1	It came about in those days	This refers to the time when Peter was in Joppa. This can be stated. Alternate translation: “It came about while Peter was nearby” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	9	37	y8sx		λούσαντες…αὐτὴν	1	washed her	This was washing to prepare for her burial.
ACT	9	37	znj4		ἔθηκαν ἐν ὑπερῴῳ	1	they laid her in an upper room	This was a temporary display of the body during the funeral process.
ACT	9	38	uhz5		ἀπέστειλαν δύο ἄνδρας πρὸς αὐτὸν	1	they sent two men to him	“the disciples sent two men to Peter”
ACT	9	39	k1se		εἰς τὸ ὑπερῷον	1	to the upper room	“to the upstairs room where Dorcas’ body was lying”
ACT	9	39	me79		πᾶσαι αἱ χῆραι	1	all the widows	It is possible that all the widows of the town were there since it was not a large town.
ACT	9	39	piu7		χῆραι	1	widows	women whose husbands had died and therefore needed help
ACT	9	39	y6q5		μετ’ αὐτῶν οὖσα	1	while she had been with them	“while she was still alive with the disciples”
ACT	9	40	ek9c	writing-endofstory		0		The story of Tabitha ends in verse 42. Verse 43 tells us what happens to Peter after the story ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
ACT	9	40	yp2u		ἐκβαλὼν…ἔξω πάντας	1	put them all out of the room	“told them all to leave the room.” Peter had everyone leave so he could be alone to pray for Tabitha.
ACT	9	41	r7n6		δοὺς…αὐτῇ χεῖρα, ἀνέστησεν αὐτήν	1	gave her his hand and lifted her up	Peter took hold of her hand and helped her stand up.
ACT	9	41	b73s		τοὺς ἁγίους καὶ τὰς χήρας	1	the believers and the widows	The widows were possibly also believers but are mentioned specifically because Tabitha was so important to them.
ACT	9	42	nda9	figs-activepassive	γνωστὸν δὲ ἐγένετο καθ’ ὅλης τῆς Ἰόππης	1	This matter became known throughout all Joppa	This refers to the miracle of Peter’s raising Tabitha from the dead. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People throughout all Joppa heard about this matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	9	42	fyz4		ἐπίστευσαν…ἐπὶ τὸν Κύριον	1	believed on the Lord	“believed in the gospel of the Lord Jesus”
ACT	9	43	k9ik	writing-newevent	ἐγένετο	1	It happened that	“It came about that.” This introduces the beginning of the next event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
ACT	9	43	qar2		Σίμωνι, βυρσεῖ	1	Simon, a tanner	“a man named Simon who made leather from animal skins”
ACT	10	intro	ym7z			0		# Acts 10 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Unclean<br><br>The Jews believed that they could become unclean in God’s sight if they visited or ate food with a Gentile. This was because the Pharisees had made a law against it because they wanted to keep people from eating foods that the law of Moses said were unclean. The law of Moses did say that some foods were unclean, but it did not say that God’s people could not visit or eat with Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Baptism and the Holy Spirit<br><br>The Holy Spirit “fell on” those who were listening to Peter. This showed the Jewish believers that Gentiles could receive the word of God and receive the Holy Spirit just as the Jewish believers had. After that, the Gentiles were baptized.
ACT	10	1	m1vx	writing-background		0	General Information:	These verses give background information about Cornelius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	10	1	nfy5			0	Connecting Statement:	This is the beginning of the part of the story about Cornelius.
ACT	10	1	wtb9	writing-participants	ἀνὴρ δέ τις	1	Now there was a certain man	This was a way of introducing a new person to this part of the historical account. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
ACT	10	1	x476		ὀνόματι Κορνήλιος, ἑκατοντάρχης ἐκ Σπείρης τῆς καλουμένης Ἰταλικῆς	1	named Cornelius, a centurion of the regiment that was called ‘Italian.’	“his name was Cornelius. He was an officer in charge of 100 soldiers from the Italian section of the Roman army.
ACT	10	1	abcd		Σπείρης τῆς καλουμένης Ἰταλικῆς	1	the regiment that was called ‘Italian.’	“the Italian Regiment”
ACT	10	2	s6rh		εὐσεβὴς καὶ φοβούμενος τὸν Θεὸν	1	He was a devout man, one who worshiped God	“He believed in God and sought to honor and worship God in his life”
ACT	10	2	n8i3		φοβούμενος τὸν Θεὸν	1	worshiped God	The word for “worshiped” here has the sense of deep respect and awe.
ACT	10	2	abce		τῷ λαῷ	1	to the people	This here refers to Jewish people who were in need.
ACT	10	2	w2kx	figs-hyperbole	δεόμενος τοῦ Θεοῦ διὰ παντός	1	he constantly prayed to God	The word “constantly” is a generalization. Alternate translation: “he prayed to God a lot” or “he prayed to God regularly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	10	3	up3j		ὥραν ἐνάτην	1	the ninth hour	“three o’clock in the afternoon.” This is the normal afternoon prayer time for Jews.
ACT	10	3	g3lv		εἶδεν…φανερῶς	1	he clearly saw	“Cornelius clearly saw”
ACT	10	4	abcf		ὁ δὲ, ἀτενίσας αὐτῷ	1	But he stared at him	Cornelius looked intently at the angel.
ACT	10	4	abcg		εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ	1	Then he said to him	“Then the angel said to Cornelius”
ACT	10	4	p5ml	figs-explicit	αἱ προσευχαί σου, καὶ αἱ ἐλεημοσύναι σου, ἀνέβησαν εἰς μνημόσυνον ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Your prayers and your gifts…a memorial offering into God’s presence	It is implied that his gifts and prayers had been accepted by God. Alternate translation: “God is pleased by your prayers and your gifts…a memorial offering to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	10	6	lt9n		βυρσεῖ	1	a tanner	a person who makes leather from animal skins
ACT	10	7	g6lq		ὡς δὲ ἀπῆλθεν ὁ ἄγγελος ὁ λαλῶν αὐτῷ	1	When the angel who spoke to him had left	“When Cornelius’ vision of the angel had ended.”
ACT	10	7	i3x7		στρατιώτην εὐσεβῆ τῶν προσκαρτερούντων αὐτῷ	1	a devout soldier from among those who served him	“one of the soldiers who served him, who also worshiped God.” This soldier worshiped God. That was rare in the Roman army, so Cornelius’ other soldiers probably did not worship God.
ACT	10	7	yg7g		εὐσεβῆ	1	devout	An adjective to describe a person who worshiped God and served him.
ACT	10	8	pcg2		ἐξηγησάμενος ἅπαντα αὐτοῖς	1	told them all that had happened	Cornelius explained his vision to his two servants and to one of his soldiers.
ACT	10	8	d2p3		ἀπέστειλεν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν Ἰόππην	1	sent them to Joppa	“sent two of his two servants and the one soldier to Joppa.”
ACT	10	9	ey9n			0	General Information:	Here the word “they” refers to Cornelius’ two servants and the soldier under Cornelius’ command ([Acts 10:7](../10/07.md)).
ACT	10	9	w3g4			0	Connecting Statement:	The story shifts away from Cornelius to tell us what God is doing with to Peter.
ACT	10	9	tu7n		περὶ ὥραν ἕκτην	1	about the sixth hour	“around noon”
ACT	10	9	r6l8		ἀνέβη…ἐπὶ τὸ δῶμα	1	up upon the housetop	The roofs of the houses were flat, and people often did many different activities on them.
ACT	10	10	slq7		παρασκευαζόντων…αὐτῶν	1	while the people were cooking some food	“before the people finished cooking the food”
ACT	10	10	im7x	figs-activepassive	ἐγένετο ἐπ’ αὐτὸν ἔκστασις	1	he was given a vision	“God gave him a vision” or “he saw a vision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	10	11	n4hi		θεωρεῖ τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνεῳγμένον	1	he saw the sky open	This was the beginning of Peter’s vision. It can be a new sentence.
ACT	10	11	u9u4		ὡς ὀθόνην μεγάλην, τέσσαρσιν ἀρχαῖς	1	something like a large sheet…four corners	The container holding the animals had the appearance of a large square piece of cloth.
ACT	10	11	jh1m		τέσσαρσιν ἀρχαῖς καθιέμενον	1	let down by its four corners	“with its four corners suspended” or “with its four corners higher than the rest of it”
ACT	10	12	ua3j	figs-explicit	πάντα τὰ τετράποδα, καὶ ἑρπετὰ τῆς γῆς, καὶ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ	1	all kinds of four-footed animals…birds of the sky	From Peter’s response in the next verse, it can be implied that the law of Moses commanded the Jews not to eat some of them. Alternate translation: “animals and birds that the Mosaic laws forbade Jews to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	10	13	a2z4	figs-synecdoche	ἐγένετο φωνὴ πρὸς αὐτόν	1	a voice spoke to him	The person speaking is not specified. The “voice” was probably God, although it could possibly have been an angel from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	10	14	z7r5		μηδαμῶς	1	Not so	“I will not do that”
ACT	10	14	a2jj	figs-explicit	οὐδέποτε ἔφαγον πᾶν κοινὸν καὶ ἀκάθαρτον	1	I have never eaten anything that was defiled and unclean	It is implied that some the animals in the container were unclean as defined by the law of Moses and were not to be eaten by believers who lived before Christ died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	10	15	xs5s	figs-123person	ἃ ὁ Θεὸς ἐκαθάρισεν	1	What God has cleansed	If God is the speaker, he is referring to himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “What I, God, have cleansed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ACT	10	16	rlr9		τοῦτο…ἐγένετο ἐπὶ τρίς	1	This happened three times	It is not likely that everything Peter saw happened three times. This probably means that the phrase, “What God has cleansed, do not call it defiled,” was repeated three times. However, it may be best to simply say “This happened three times” instead of trying to explain in detail.
ACT	10	17	d4zi		διηπόρει ὁ Πέτρος	1	Peter was very confused	This means that Peter was having difficulty understanding what the vision meant.
ACT	10	17	n6da		ἰδοὺ	1	behold	The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows, in this case, the two men standing at the gate.
ACT	10	17	e62m	figs-explicit	ἐπέστησαν ἐπὶ τὸν πυλῶνα	1	stood before the gate	“stood before the gate to the house.” It is implied that this house had a wall with a gate in it to enter the property. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	10	17	h72m		διερωτήσαντες τὴν οἰκίαν	1	after they had asked their way to the house	This happened before they arrived at the house. This could be stated earlier in the verse, as the UST does.
ACT	10	18	qe9d		φωνήσαντες	1	They called out	Cornelius’ men remained outside the gate while asking about Peter.
ACT	10	19	e8ai		διενθυμουμένου περὶ τοῦ ὁράματος	1	thinking about the vision	“wondering about the meaning of the vision”
ACT	10	19	d9q8		τὸ Πνεῦμα	1	the Spirit	“the Holy Spirit”
ACT	10	19	iqx5		ἰδοὺ	1	behold	“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: three”
ACT	10	19	va39	translate-textvariants	ἄνδρες τρεῖς ζητοῦσιν σε	1	three men are looking for you	Cornelius sent two of his servants and one soldier. Some ancient texts have a different number of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
ACT	10	20	ym1x		κατάβηθι	1	go down	“go down from the roof of the house”
ACT	10	20	wx4n		πορεύου σὺν αὐτοῖς, μηδὲν διακρινόμενος	1	Do not hesitate to go with them	It would be natural for Peter not to want to go with them, because they were strangers and they were Gentiles.
ACT	10	21	lj1f		ἐγώ εἰμι ὃν ζητεῖτε	1	I am he whom you are seeking	“I am the man you are looking for”
ACT	10	22	i4zh			0	General Information:	The words “They” and “them” here refer to the two servants and the soldier from Cornelius ([Acts 10:7](../10/07.md)).
ACT	10	22	baa3	figs-activepassive	Κορνήλιος, ἑκατοντάρχης ἀνὴρ δίκαιος, καὶ φοβούμενος τὸν Θεὸν, μαρτυρούμενός τε ὑπὸ ὅλου τοῦ ἔθνους τῶν Ἰουδαίων, ἐχρηματίσθη ὑπὸ ἀγγέλου ἁγίου, μεταπέμψασθαί σε εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀκοῦσαι ῥήματα παρὰ σοῦ	1	A centurion named Cornelius…listen to a message from you	This can be divided into several sentences and stated in active form as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	10	22	wvl1		φοβούμενος τὸν Θεὸν	1	worships God	The word for “worship” here has the sense of deep respect and awe.
ACT	10	22	gv91	figs-hyperbole	ὅλου τοῦ ἔθνους τῶν Ἰουδαίων	1	all the nation of the Jews	This number of people is exaggerated with the word “all” to emphasize how widely this was known among the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	10	23	jlc7		εἰσκαλεσάμενος οὖν αὐτοὺς ἐξένισεν	1	So Peter invited them to come in and stay with him	The journey to Caesarea was too long for them to begin that afternoon.
ACT	10	23	shs5		ἐξένισεν	1	stay with him	“be his guests”
ACT	10	23	t7cz		τινες τῶν ἀδελφῶν τῶν ἀπὸ Ἰόππης	1	some of the brothers from Joppa	This refers to believers who lived in Joppa.
ACT	10	24	c3s6		τῇ…ἐπαύριον	1	On the following day	This was the next day after they left Joppa. The journey to Caesarea took longer than one day.
ACT	10	24	g2up		ὁ δὲ Κορνήλιος ἦν προσδοκῶν αὐτοὺς	1	Cornelius was waiting for them	“Cornelius expected them”
ACT	10	25	wxt8		ὡς…τοῦ εἰσελθεῖν τὸν Πέτρον	1	when Peter entered	“when Peter entered the house”
ACT	10	25	b4pn	translate-symaction	πεσὼν ἐπὶ τοὺς πόδας, προσεκύνησεν	1	fell down at his feet to worship him	“he knelt down and put his face close to Peter’s feet.” He did this to honor Peter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT	10	25	u2x5		πεσὼν	1	fell down	He purposely lies down facing the ground to show that he is worshiping.
ACT	10	26	s7n5		ἀνάστηθι, καὶ ἐγὼ…ἄνθρωπός εἰμι	1	Stand up! I too am a man	This was a mild rebuke or correction to Cornelius not to worship Peter. Alternate translation: “Stop doing that! I am only a man, as you are”
ACT	10	27	f9x6	figs-you		0	General Information:	The word “him” here refers to Cornelius. Here the words “You” and “you” are plural and include Cornelius as well as the Gentiles who were present. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ACT	10	27	bg7b			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter addresses the people who are gathered in Cornelius’ house.
ACT	10	27	twp9	figs-explicit	συνεληλυθότας πολλούς	1	many people gathered together	“many Gentile people gathered together.” It is implied that these people Cornelius had invited were Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	10	28	g7j7		ὑμεῖς ἐπίστασθε	1	You yourselves know	Peter is addressing Cornelius and his invited guests.
ACT	10	28	iyx6		ἀθέμιτόν ἐστιν ἀνδρὶ Ἰουδαίῳ	1	it is not lawful for a Jewish man	“it is forbidden for a Jewish man.” This refers to the Jewish religious law.
ACT	10	28	k3we		ἀλλοφύλῳ	1	someone from another nation	This refers to people who were not Jews and not specifically to where they lived.
ACT	10	30	krz8	figs-you		0	General Information:	In verses 31 and 32 Cornelius quotes what the angel had said to him when he appeared to him at the ninth hour. The words “you” and “your” are all singular. The word “we” here does not include Peter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	10	30	n5fs			0	Connecting Statement:	Cornelius responds to Peter’s question.
ACT	10	30	na4u		ἀπὸ τετάρτης ἡμέρας	1	Four days ago	Cornelius is referring to the day before the third night before he is speaking to Peter. Biblical culture counts the current day, so the day before three nights ago is “four days ago.” Current Western culture does not count the current day, so many Western translations read, “three days ago.”
ACT	10	30	mqv8	translate-textvariants	προσευχόμενος	1	praying	Some ancient authorities say “fasting and praying” instead of simply “praying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
ACT	10	30	yy6e		τὴν ἐνάτην	1	at the ninth hour	The normal afternoon time that the Jews pray to God.
ACT	10	31	heh3	figs-activepassive	εἰσηκούσθη σου ἡ προσευχὴ	1	your prayer has been heard by God	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has heard your prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	10	31	s6nz		ἐμνήσθησαν ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	reminded God about you	“brought you to God’s attention.” This does not imply that God had forgotten.
ACT	10	32	ci31		μετακάλεσαι Σίμωνα, ὃς ἐπικαλεῖται Πέτρος	1	call to you a man named Simon who is called Peter	“tell Simon who is also called Peter to come to you”
ACT	10	33	p5ee		ἐξαυτῆς	1	at once	“right away”
ACT	10	33	ruf3		σύ τε καλῶς ἐποίησας παραγενόμενος	1	You are kind to have come	This expression is a polite way of thanking Peter for coming. Alternate translation: “I certainly thank you for coming”
ACT	10	33	ry21		ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	in the sight of God	This refers to the presence of God.
ACT	10	33	xt4x	figs-activepassive	τὰ προστεταγμένα σοι ὑπὸ τοῦ Κυρίου	1	that you have been instructed by the Lord to say	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the Lord has told you to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	10	34	ku8u			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter begins speaking to everyone in the house of Cornelius.
ACT	10	34	cyn8		ἀνοίξας δὲ Πέτρος τὸ στόμα εἶπεν	1	Then Peter opened his mouth and said	“Peter began to speak to them”
ACT	10	34	ha31		ἐπ’ ἀληθείας	1	Truly	This means that what he is about to say is especially important to know.
ACT	10	34	iii7		οὐκ ἔστιν προσωπολήμπτης ὁ Θεός	1	God does not take anyone’s side	“God does not favor certain people”
ACT	10	35	j78e		ὁ φοβούμενος αὐτὸν καὶ ἐργαζόμενος δικαιοσύνην, δεκτὸς αὐτῷ ἐστιν	1	anyone who worships and does righteous deeds is acceptable to him	“he accepts anyone who worships him and does righteous deeds”
ACT	10	35	b5cr		φοβούμενος	1	worships	The word “worships” here has the sense of deep respect and awe.
ACT	10	36	bjk7			0	General Information:	The word “him” here refers to Jesus.
ACT	10	36	sv4s			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter continues to talk to Cornelius and his guests.
ACT	10	36	md1l		οὗτός ἐστιν πάντων Κύριος	1	who is Lord of all	Here “all” means “all people.”
ACT	10	37	ch65	figs-hyperbole	καθ’ ὅλης τῆς Ἰουδαίας	1	throughout all Judea	The word “all” is a generalization. Alternate translation: “throughout Judea” or “in many places in Judea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	10	37	sq2i		μετὰ τὸ βάπτισμα ὃ ἐκήρυξεν Ἰωάννης	1	after the baptism that John announced	“after John preached to the people to repent and then baptized them”
ACT	10	38	jtr3		Ἰησοῦν τὸν ἀπὸ Ναζαρέθ, ὡς ἔχρισεν αὐτὸν ὁ Θεὸς Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ καὶ δυνάμει	1	the events…and with power	This long sentence, which begins in verse 36, can be shortened into several sentences as in the UST. “You know…of all. You yourselves know…announced. You know the events…with power”
ACT	10	38	ku82	figs-metaphor	ἔχρισεν αὐτὸν ὁ Θεὸς Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ καὶ δυνάμει	1	God anointed him with the Holy Spirit and with power	The Holy Spirit and God’s power are spoken of as if they are something that can be poured out onto a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	10	38	y5ya	figs-hyperbole	πάντας τοὺς καταδυναστευομένους ὑπὸ τοῦ διαβόλου	1	all who were oppressed by the devil	The word “all” is a generalization. Alternate translation: “those who were oppressed by the devil” or “many people who were oppressed by the devil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	10	38	tj3u	figs-idiom	ὁ Θεὸς ἦν μετ’ αὐτοῦ	1	God was with him	The idiom “was with him” means “was helping him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	10	39	kal7	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	The words “We” and “we” here refer to Peter and the apostles and believers who were with Jesus when he was on earth. The words “he” and “him” here refer to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	10	39	sx3a		ἔν…τῇ χώρᾳ τῶν Ἰουδαίων	1	in the country of the Jews	This refers mainly to Judea at that time.
ACT	10	39	z4dt		κρεμάσαντες ἐπὶ ξύλου	1	hanging him on a tree	This is another expression that refers to crucifixion. Alternate translation: “nailing him to a wooden cross”
ACT	10	40	cxj5	figs-idiom	τοῦτον ὁ Θεὸς ἤγειρεν	1	God raised him up	Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “God caused him to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	10	40	w8kv		τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ	1	the third day	“the third day after he died”
ACT	10	40	iz8l		ἔδωκεν αὐτὸν ἐμφανῆ γενέσθαι	1	caused him to be seen	“permitted many people to see him after he was raised from the dead”
ACT	10	41	q7d1		ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	from the dead	From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld.
ACT	10	42	ik96	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “us” includes Peter and believers. It excludes his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	10	42	zne5			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter finishes his speech to everyone in the house of Cornelius, which he began in [Acts 10:34](../10/34.md).
ACT	10	42	c1ak	figs-activepassive	ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ὡρισμένος ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	that this is the one who has been chosen by God	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that God chose this Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	10	42	ws4t	figs-nominaladj	ζώντων καὶ νεκρῶν	1	the living and the dead	This refers to people who are still living and people who have died. Alternate translation: “the people who are alive and the people who are dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
ACT	10	43	ub5d		τούτῳ πάντες οἱ προφῆται μαρτυροῦσιν	1	It is to him that all the prophets bear witness	“All the prophets bear witness to Jesus”
ACT	10	43	vq6l	figs-activepassive	ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν λαβεῖν…πάντα τὸν πιστεύοντα εἰς αὐτὸν	1	everyone who believes in him shall receive forgiveness of sins	This could be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will forgive the sins of everyone who believes in Jesus because of what Jesus has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	10	43	y6d1	figs-metonymy	διὰ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ	1	through his name	Here “his name” refers to the actions of Jesus. His name means God who saves. Alternate translation: “through what Jesus has done for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	10	44	cz7x		ἐπέπεσε τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον	1	the Holy Spirit fell	Here the word “fell” means “happened suddenly.” Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit suddenly came”
ACT	10	44	wf7u		πάντας τοὺς ἀκούοντας	1	all of those who were listening	Here “all” refers to all the Gentiles at the house who were listening to Peter.
ACT	10	45	j6wt		ἡ δωρεὰ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος	1	the gift of the Holy Spirit	This refers to the Holy Spirit himself who was given to them.
ACT	10	45	g161	figs-activepassive	τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος ἐκκέχυται	1	the Holy Spirit was poured out	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God poured out the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	10	45	mqs8	figs-metaphor	ἐκκέχυται	1	poured out	The Holy Spirit is spoken of as if he were something that could be poured out upon people. It implies a generous amount. Alternate translation: “generously given” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	10	45	je22		ἡ δωρεὰ	1	the gift	“the free gift”
ACT	10	45	f33n		καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ ἔθνη	1	also on the Gentiles	Here “also” refers to the fact that the Holy Spirit had already been given to the Jewish believers.
ACT	10	46	w58d			0	General Information:	The words “he” and “him” refer to Peter.
ACT	10	46	mpg5			0	Connecting Statement:	This is the end of the part of the story about Cornelius.
ACT	10	46	p6pa		αὐτῶν λαλούντων γλώσσαις, καὶ μεγαλυνόντων τὸν Θεόν	1	Gentiles speak in other languages and praising God	These were known spoken languages that caused the Jews to acknowledge that the Gentiles were indeed praising God.
ACT	10	47	u5d5	figs-rquestion	μήτι τὸ ὕδωρ δύναται κωλῦσαί τις τοῦ μὴ βαπτισθῆναι τούτους, οἵτινες τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον ἔλαβον, ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς	1	Can anyone keep water from these people so they should not be baptized, these people who have received…we?	Peter uses this question to convince the Jewish Christians that the Gentile believers should be baptized. Alternate translation: “No one should keep water from these people! We should baptize them because they have received…we!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	10	48	t2y9	figs-explicit	προσέταξεν…αὐτοὺς…βαπτισθῆναι	1	he commanded them to be baptized	It is implied that the Jewish Christians were the ones who would baptize them. Alternate translation: “Peter commanded the Gentile believers to allow the Jewish Christians to baptize them” or “Peter commanded the Jewish Christians to baptize them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	10	48	ax6x	figs-metonymy	ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ βαπτισθῆναι	1	be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ	Here “in the name of Jesus Christ” expresses that the reason for their baptism was that they believed in Jesus. Alternate translation: “be baptized as believers in Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	11	intro	hva5			0		# Acts 11 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “The Gentiles also had received the word of God”<br><br>Almost all of the first believers were Jewish. Luke writes in this chapter that many Gentiles started to believe in Jesus. They believed that the message about Jesus was true and so began to “receive the word of God.” Some of the believers in Jerusalem did not believe that Gentiles could truly follow Jesus, so Peter went to them and told them what had happened to him and how he had seen the Gentiles receive the Word of God and receive the Holy Spirit.
ACT	11	1	uw5m			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of a new event in the story.
ACT	11	1	j7f7			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter arrives in Jerusalem and begins talking to the Jews there.
ACT	11	1	ab75	writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Now	This marks a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
ACT	11	1	f1md		οἱ…ἀδελφοὶ	1	the brothers	The phrase “brothers” here refers to the believers in Judea.
ACT	11	1	q8wl		οἱ ὄντες κατὰ τὴν Ἰουδαίαν	1	who were in Judea	“who were in the province of Judea”
ACT	11	1	w3rx	figs-metonymy	ἐδέξαντο τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	had received the word of God	This expression refers to the fact that the Gentiles believed the gospel message about Jesus. Alternate translation: “believed the message of God about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	11	2	kb4m		ἀνέβη…εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ	1	had come up to Jerusalem	Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of coming up to Jerusalem and going down from it.
ACT	11	2	yar6	figs-metonymy	οἱ ἐκ περιτομῆς	1	they who belonged to the circumcision group	This is a reference to some of the Jews who believed that every believer must be circumcised. Alternate translation: “some Jewish believers in Jerusalem who wanted all followers of Christ to be circumcized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	11	3	ah7v	figs-metonymy	ἄνδρας, ἀκροβυστίαν ἔχοντας	1	uncircumcised men	The phrase “uncircumcised men” refers to Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	11	3	t9e1		συνέφαγεν αὐτοῖς	1	ate with them	It was against Jewish tradition for Jews to eat with Gentiles.
ACT	11	4	lrh6			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter responds to the Jews by telling them about his vision and about what had happened at Cornelius’ house.
ACT	11	4	bfp5		ἀρξάμενος…Πέτρος ἐξετίθετο	1	Peter started to explain	Peter did not criticize the Jewish believers but reacted in a friendly explanatory manner.
ACT	11	4	nuy6		καθεξῆς	1	in detail	“exactly what happened”
ACT	11	5	j37p		ὡς ὀθόνην μεγάλην	1	like a large sheet	The container holding the animals had the appearance of a large square piece of cloth. See how you translated this in [Acts 10:11](../10/11.md).
ACT	11	5	axu6		τέσσαρσιν ἀρχαῖς	1	by its four corners	“with its four corners suspended” or “with its four corners higher than the rest of it.” See how you translated this in [Acts 10:11](../10/11.md).
ACT	11	6	lbh4	figs-explicit	τετράποδα τῆς γῆς	1	four-legged animals of earth	From Peter’s response, it can be implied that the law of Moses commanded the Jews not to eat some of them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Acts 10:12](../10/12.md). Alternate translation: “animals and birds that the Mosaic laws forbade Jews to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	11	6	ew64		θηρία	1	wild beasts	This probably refer to the animals people do not or can not tame or control.
ACT	11	6	t36i		ἑρπετὰ	1	creeping animals	These are reptiles.
ACT	11	7	i5ic	figs-synecdoche	ἤκουσα…φωνῆς	1	I heard a voice	The person speaking is not specified. The “voice” was probably God, although it could possibly have been an angel from God. See how you translated “a voice” in [Acts 10:13](../10/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	11	8	m4mu		μηδαμῶς	1	Not so	“I will not do that.” See how you translated this in [Acts 10:14](../10/14.md).
ACT	11	8	m5p5	figs-metonymy	κοινὸν ἢ ἀκάθαρτον οὐδέποτε εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸ στόμα μου	1	nothing unholy or unclean has ever entered into my mouth	Apparently the animals in the sheet were animals which the Jewish law in the Old Testament forbade the Jews to eat. This can be said in a positive way. Alternate translation: “I have eaten only meat from holy and clean animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
ACT	11	8	kj91		ἀκάθαρτον	1	unclean	In the Old Testament Jewish law, a person became ritually “unclean” in various ways, such as eating certain forbidden animals.
ACT	11	9	n2gn	figs-metonymy	ἃ ὁ Θεὸς ἐκαθάρισεν, σὺ μὴ κοίνου	1	What God has declared clean, do not call unclean	This refers to the animals in the sheet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	11	10	xrq6		τοῦτο…ἐγένετο ἐπὶ τρίς	1	This happened three times	It is not likely that everything was repeated three times. This probably means that “What God has cleansed, do not call it defiled” was repeated three times. However, it may be best to simply say “This happened three times” instead of trying to explain in detail. See how you translated “This happened three times” in [Acts 10:16](../10/16.md).
ACT	11	11	ias8	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here “we” refers to Peter and the believers in Joppa. It does not include his current audience in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	11	11	b2qv		ἰδοὺ	1	Behold	This word alerts us to the new people in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this.
ACT	11	11	k44j		ἐξαυτῆς	1	right away	“immediately” or “at that exact moment”
ACT	11	11	qwn5	figs-activepassive	ἀπεσταλμένοι	1	they had been sent	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone had sent them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	11	12	lf6m		μηδὲν διακρίναντα	1	that I should make no distinction regarding them	“that I should not be concerned that they were Gentiles”
ACT	11	12	cf8x		ἦλθον…σὺν ἐμοὶ…οἱ ἓξ ἀδελφοὶ οὗτοι	1	These six brothers went with me	“These six brothers went with me to Caesarea”
ACT	11	12	xrc6		οἱ ἓξ ἀδελφοὶ οὗτοι	1	These six brothers	“These six Jewish believers”
ACT	11	12	w6ia		εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ ἀνδρός	1	into the man’s house	This refers to the house of Cornelius.
ACT	11	13	few6		Σίμωνα, τὸν ἐπικαλούμενον Πέτρον	1	Simon who is called Peter	“Simon who is also called Peter.” See how you translated the same phrase in [Acts 10:32](../10/32.md).
ACT	11	14	hpr2	figs-metonymy	πᾶς ὁ οἶκός σου	1	all your household	This refers to all the people in the household. Alternate translation: “everyone who lives in your house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	11	15	qy12	figs-inclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “us” refers to Peter, the apostles, and any of the Jewish believers who had received the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
ACT	11	15	a8jw		ἐν…τῷ ἄρξασθαί με λαλεῖν, ἐπέπεσεν τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς	1	As I began to speak to them, the Holy Spirit came on them	This implies that Peter had not finished speaking but had intended to say more.
ACT	11	15	ak2p	figs-ellipsis	ἐπέπεσεν τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς, ὥσπερ καὶ ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς ἐν ἀρχῇ	1	the Holy Spirit came on them, just as on us in the beginning	Peter leaves out some things to keep the story short. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit came on the Gentile believers, just as he came on the Jewish believers at Pentecost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ACT	11	15	th4m		ἐν ἀρχῇ	1	in the beginning	Peter is referring to the day of Pentecost.
ACT	11	16	v116	figs-activepassive	ὑμεῖς…βαπτισθήσεσθε ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ	1	you shall be baptized in the Holy Spirit	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will baptize you in the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	11	17	pe42	figs-inclusive		0	General Information:	The word “them” refers to Cornelius and his Gentile guests and household. Peter does not call them Gentiles in his account to the Jewish believers at Jerusalem. The word “they” refers to the Jewish believers to whom Peter spoke. The word “us” includes all of the Jewish believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
ACT	11	17	e576			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter finishes his speech (which he began in [Acts 11:4](../11/04.md)) to the Jews about his vision and about what had happened at the house of Cornelius.
ACT	11	17	u3nu	figs-rquestion	εἰ οὖν τὴν ἴσην δωρεὰν ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεὸς, ὡς καὶ ἡμῖν πιστεύσασιν ἐπὶ τὸν Κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν, ἐγὼ τίς ἤμην δυνατὸς κωλῦσαι τὸν Θεόν	1	Then if God gave to them…who was I, that I could oppose God?	Peter uses this question to emphasize that he was only obeying God. Alternate translation: “Since God gave to them…I decided that I could not oppose God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	11	17	y7ag		τὴν ἴσην δωρεὰν	1	the same gift	Peter refers to the gift of the Holy Spirit.
ACT	11	18	nr7g		ἡσύχασαν	1	they said nothing in response	“they did not argue with Peter”
ACT	11	18	z3fy	figs-abstractnouns	καὶ τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ὁ Θεὸς τὴν μετάνοιαν εἰς ζωὴν ἔδωκεν	1	God has given repentance for life to the Gentiles also	“God has given repentance that leads to life to the Gentiles also.” Here “life” refers to eternal life. The abstract nouns “repentance” and “life” can be translated as the verbs “repent” and “live.” Alternate translation: “God has allowed the Gentiles also to repent and live eternally” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	11	19	zck4			0	Connecting Statement:	Luke tells about what happened to the believers who fled after the stoning of Stephen.
ACT	11	19	bwb8	writing-newevent	οὖν	1	Now	This introduces the new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
ACT	11	19	m3i7		οἱ…διασπαρέντες ἀπὸ τῆς θλίψεως τῆς γενομένης ἐπὶ Στεφάνῳ, διῆλθον	1	those who had been scattered by the persecution that arose over Stephen spread	The Jews began persecuting Jesus’ followers because Stephen had said and done things that the Jews did not like. Because of this persecution, many of Jesus’ followers left Jerusalem and went to many different places.
ACT	11	19	w5jn		οἱ…διῆλθον	1	those…spread	“those went in many different directions”
ACT	11	19	whm6	figs-activepassive	διασπαρέντες ἀπὸ τῆς θλίψεως	1	who had been scattered by the persecution	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the Jews had been persecuting and so had left Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	11	19	vx4b		τῆς θλίψεως τῆς γενομένης ἐπὶ Στεφάνῳ	1	the persecution that arose over Stephen	the persecution that happened because of what Stephen had said and done
ACT	11	19	c8ha		εἰ μὴ μόνον Ἰουδαίοις	1	only to Jews	The believers thought God’s message was for the Jewish people, and not for the Gentiles.
ACT	11	20	mww9	figs-explicit	ἐλάλουν καὶ πρὸς τοὺς Ἑλληνιστάς	1	spoke also to Greeks	These Greek-speaking people were Gentiles, not Jews. Alternate translation: “also spoke to Gentiles who spoke Greek” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	11	21	aj5g	figs-metonymy	ἦν χεὶρ Κυρίου μετ’ αὐτῶν	1	The hand of the Lord was with them	God’s hand signifies his powerful help. Alternate translation: “God was powerfully enabling those believers to preach effectively” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	11	21	n9pq	figs-metaphor	ἐπέστρεψεν ἐπὶ τὸν Κύριον	1	turned to the Lord	Here “turned to the Lord” is a metaphor for starting to obey the Lord. Alternate translation: “and they repented of their sins and began to obey the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	11	22	mrg9			0	General Information:	In these verses, the word “he” refers to Barnabas. The word “they” refers to the believers of the church at Jerusalem. The words “them” and “their” refer to the new believers ([Acts 11:20](../11/20.md)).
ACT	11	22	i7vs	figs-metonymy	ὦτα τῆς ἐκκλησίας	1	ears of the church	Here “ears” refers to the believers’ hearing about the event. Alternate translation: “the believers in the church” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	11	23	b7w7		ἰδὼν τὴν χάριν τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	saw the grace of God	“saw how God acted kindly toward the believers”
ACT	11	23	m1q9		παρεκάλει πάντας	1	he encouraged them	“he kept on encouraging them”
ACT	11	23	qlu4		προσμένειν τῷ Κυρίῳ	1	to remain with the Lord	“to remain faithful to the Lord” or “to continue to trust in the Lord”
ACT	11	23	bz6w	figs-metonymy	τῇ προθέσει τῆς καρδίας	1	with all their heart	Here the “heart” refers to a person’s will and desire. Alternate translation: “with all their will” or “with complete commitment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	11	24	he5z		πλήρης Πνεύματος Ἁγίου	1	full of the Holy Spirit	The Holy Spirit controlled Barnabas as he obeyed the Holy Spirit.
ACT	11	24	e57t	figs-metonymy	προσετέθη ὄχλος ἱκανὸς τῷ Κυρίῳ	1	many people were added to the Lord	Here “added” means they came to believe the same thing as the others. Alternate translation: “many more people also believed in the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	11	25	yhl6			0	General Information:	Here the word “he” refers to Barnabas and “him” refers to Saul.
ACT	11	25	dm92		ἐξῆλθεν…εἰς Ταρσὸν	1	out to Tarsus	“out to the city of Tarsus”
ACT	11	26	hu2g		καὶ εὑρὼν	1	When he found him	It progably took some time and effort for Barnabas to locate Saul.
ACT	11	26	wf5l	writing-newevent	ἐγένετο	1	It came about	This begins a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
ACT	11	26	w4dz		αὐτοῖς…συναχθῆναι ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ	1	they gathered together with the church	“Barnabas and Saul gathered together with the church”
ACT	11	26	x8gx	figs-activepassive	χρηματίσαι…ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ τοὺς μαθητὰς, Χριστιανούς	1	The disciples were called Christians	This implies that other people called the believers by this name. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Antioch called the disciples Christians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	11	26	r6sl		πρώτως ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ	1	first in Antioch	“for the first time in Antioch”
ACT	11	27	pz7y	writing-background		0	General Information:	Here Luke tells background information about a prophecy in Antioch. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	11	27	h6zw		δὲ	1	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story-line.
ACT	11	27	d8bb		κατῆλθον ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων…εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν	1	came down from Jerusalem to Antioch	Jerusalem was higher in elevation than Antioch, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem or going down from it.
ACT	11	28	wyk8		ὀνόματι Ἅγαβος	1	Agabus by name	“whose name was Agabus”
ACT	11	28	q3tl		ἐσήμανεν διὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος	1	indicated by the Spirit	“the Holy Spirit enabled him to prophesy”
ACT	11	28	l3iz		λιμὸν μεγάλην μέλλειν ἔσεσθαι	1	a great famine would occur	“a great shortage of food would happen”
ACT	11	28	pd2t	figs-hyperbole	ἐφ’ ὅλην τὴν οἰκουμένην	1	over all the world	This was a generalization referring to the part of the world that they were interested in. Alternate translation: “all over the inhabited world” or “throughout the Roman Empire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	11	28	jmc5	figs-explicit	ἐπὶ Κλαυδίου	1	in the days of Claudius	Luke’s audience would know that Claudius was the emperor of Rome at that time. Alternate translation: “when Claudius was the Roman emperor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	11	29	lhp8			0	General Information:	The words “They” and “they” refer to the believers in the church in Antioch ([Acts 11:27](../11/27.md)).
ACT	11	29	de92		δὲ	1	So	This word means marks an event that happened because of something else that happened first. In this case, they sent money because of Agabus’ prophesy or the famine.
ACT	11	29	rk9z		καθὼς εὐπορεῖτό τις	1	as each one was able	The richer people sent more; the poorer people sent less.
ACT	11	29	up7a		ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ ἀδελφοῖς	1	the brothers in Judea	“the believers in Judea”
ACT	11	30	l8i8	figs-idiom	διὰ χειρὸς Βαρναβᾶ καὶ Σαύλου	1	by the hand of Barnabas and Saul	The hand is a synecdoche for the action of the whole person. Alternate translation: “by having Barnabas and Saul take to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	12	intro	f66j			0		# Acts 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 12 tells what happened to King Herod while Barnabas was bringing Saul back from Tarsus and they were delivering money from Antioch Jerusalem (11:25-30). He killed many of the leaders of the church, and he put Peter in prison. After God helped Peter escape the prison, Herod killed the prison guards, and then God killed Herod. In the last verse of the chapter, Luke tells how Barnabas and Saul return to Antioch.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Personification<br><br>The “word of God” is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could grow and become many. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ACT	12	1	u4w7	writing-background		0	General Information:	This is background information about Herod’s killing James. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	12	1	ua9p			0	Connecting Statement:	This begins the new persecution, first of James’ death and then of Peter’s imprisonment and then release.
ACT	12	1	ti1y	writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Now	This begins a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
ACT	12	1	f2gr		κατ’ ἐκεῖνον…τὸν καιρὸν	1	about that time	This refers to the time of the famine.
ACT	12	1	zy6y	figs-idiom	ἐπέβαλεν…τὰς χεῖρας…τινας	1	laid hands on	This means Herod had the believers arrested. See how you translated this in [Acts 5:18](../05/18.md). Alternate translation: “sent soldiers to arrest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	12	1	u1gv	figs-explicit	τινας τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας	1	some who belonged to the church	Only James and Peter are specified, which implies that these were leaders of the church in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	12	1	s7lc		κακῶσαί	1	so that he might mistreat them	“in order to cause the believers to suffer”
ACT	12	2	aw4t		ἀνεῖλεν δὲ Ἰάκωβον, τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἰωάννου, μαχαίρῃ	1	He killed James…with the sword	This tells the manner in which James was killed.
ACT	12	2	r1zv	figs-metonymy	ἀνεῖλεν…Ἰάκωβον	1	He killed James	Possible meanings are (1) Herod himself killed James or (2) Herod ordered someone to kill James. Alternate translation: “Herod gave the order and they killed James” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	12	3	pms7			0	General Information:	Here the word “he” refers to Herod ([Acts 12:1](../12/01.md)).
ACT	12	3	v4ag		ἰδὼν δὲ ὅτι ἀρεστόν ἐστιν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις	1	After he saw that this pleased the Jews	“When Herod realized that putting James to death pleased the Jewish leaders”
ACT	12	3	wpm1		ἀρεστόν ἐστιν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις	1	pleased the Jews	“made the Jewish leaders happy”
ACT	12	3	cu7s		ὅτι…ἐστιν	1	That was	“Herod did this” or “This happened”
ACT	12	3	ly66		ἡμέραι τῶν Ἀζύμων	1	the days of unleavened bread	This refers to a time of Jewish religious feast time during the Passover season. Alternate translation: “the festival when the Jewish people ate bread without yeast”
ACT	12	4	pps1		τέσσαρσιν τετραδίοις στρατιωτῶν	1	four squads of soldiers	“four groups of soldiers.” Each squad had four soldiers that guarded Peter, one group at a time. The groups divided the 24 hour day into four shifts. Each time two soldiers would have been at his side and the other two soldiers by the entrance.
ACT	12	4	i23a		βουλόμενος…ἀναγαγεῖν αὐτὸν τῷ λαῷ	1	he was intending to bring him out to the people	“Herod planned to judge Peter in the presence of the people” or “Herod planned to judge Peter before the Jewish people”
ACT	12	5	v2yz	figs-activepassive	ὁ μὲν οὖν Πέτρος ἐτηρεῖτο ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ	1	So Peter was kept in the prison	This implies that the soldiers continually guarded Peter in prison. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the soldiers guarded Peter in the prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	12	5	f8qc	figs-activepassive	προσευχὴ…ἦν ἐκτενῶς γινομένη ὑπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν περὶ αὐτοῦ	1	prayer was made earnestly to God for him by those in the church	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the group of believers in Jerusalem earnestly prayed to God for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	12	5	g189		ἐκτενῶς	1	earnestly	continuously and with dedication
ACT	12	6	km83	figs-explicit	ἤμελλεν προαγαγεῖν αὐτὸν ὁ Ἡρῴδης τῇ νυκτὶ ἐκείνῃ	1	On the night before Herod was going to bring him out for trial	That Herod planned to execute him can be clarified. Alternate translation: “The happened on the day before Herod was going to bring Peter out from prison to put him on trial and then to execute him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	12	6	g2bh		δεδεμένος ἁλύσεσιν δυσίν	1	bound with two chains	“tied with two chains” or “fastened with two chains.” Each chain would have been attached to one of the two guards who stayed beside Peter.
ACT	12	6	aqv1		ἐτήρουν τὴν φυλακήν	1	were keeping watch over the prison	“were guarding the prison doors”
ACT	12	7	kk4i			0	General Information:	The words “him” and “his” refer to Peter.
ACT	12	7	i7g3		ἰδοὺ	1	Behold	This word alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
ACT	12	7	lu25		ἐπέστη	1	stood by him	“next to him” or “beside him”
ACT	12	7	z2i1		ἐν τῷ οἰκήματι	1	in the prison cell	“in the prison room”
ACT	12	7	dc5b		πατάξας…τοῦ Πέτρου	1	He struck Peter	“The angel tapped Peter” or “The angel poked Peter.” Peter was evidently sleeping deeply enough that this was required to wake him.
ACT	12	7	dqn9		ἐξέπεσαν αὐτοῦ αἱ ἁλύσεις ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν	1	his chains fell off his hands	The angel caused the chains to fall from Peter without touching them.
ACT	12	8	hxt9		ἐποίησεν…οὕτως	1	He did that	“Peter did what the angel told him to do” or “Peter obeyed”
ACT	12	8	abch		λέγει αὐτῷ	1	He said to him	“The angel said to Peter”
ACT	12	9	gx77			0	General Information:	Here the word “He” refers to Peter. The words “they” and “They” refer to Peter and the angel.
ACT	12	9	abci		ἠκολούθει	1	he followed him	“Peter followed the angel”
ACT	12	9	sh8k		οὐκ ᾔδει	1	He did not know	“He did not understand”
ACT	12	9	p9ty	figs-activepassive	ἀληθές ἐστιν τὸ γινόμενον διὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου	1	what was done by the angel was real	This could be changed to active form. Alternate translation: “the actions of the angel were real” or “what the angel did truly happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	12	10	r7gy	figs-explicit	διελθόντες δὲ πρώτην φυλακὴν καὶ δευτέραν	1	After they had passed by the first guard and the second	It is implied that the soldiers were not able to see Peter and the angel as they walked by. Alternate translation: “The first and second guards did not see them as they passed by, and then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	12	10	c18q		διελθόντες	1	had passed by	“had walked by”
ACT	12	10	e36s	figs-ellipsis	καὶ δευτέραν	1	and the second	The word “guard” is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “and the second guard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ACT	12	10	y86k		ἦλθαν ἐπὶ τὴν πύλην τὴν σιδηρᾶν	1	they came to the iron gate	“Peter and the angel arrived at the iron gate”
ACT	12	10	if3c		τὴν φέρουσαν εἰς τὴν πόλιν	1	that led into the city	“that opened to the city” or “that went from the prison to the city”
ACT	12	10	i3st	figs-rpronouns	ἥτις αὐτομάτη ἠνοίγη αὐτοῖς	1	it opened for them by itself	Here “by itself” means neither Peter nor the angel opened it. Alternate translation: “the gate swung open for them” or “the gate opened itself for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
ACT	12	10	j268		προῆλθον ῥύμην μίαν	1	went down a street	“walked along a street”
ACT	12	10	fl89		εὐθέως ἀπέστη…ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ	1	left him right away	“left Peter suddenly” or “suddenly disappeared”
ACT	12	11	wlb6	figs-idiom	καὶ ὁ Πέτρος ἐν ἑαυτῷ γενόμενος	1	When Peter came to himself	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “When Peter became fully awake and alert” or “When Peter became aware that what had happened was real” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	12	11	ue4k	figs-metonymy	ἐξείλατό με ἐκ χειρὸς Ἡρῴδου	1	delivered me out of the hand of Herod	Here “the hand of Herod” refers to “Herod’s hold” or “Herod’s plans.” Alternate translation: “brought me from the harm Herod had planned for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	12	11	hw63		ἐξείλατό με	1	delivered me	“rescued me”
ACT	12	11	p739	figs-synecdoche	πάσης τῆς προσδοκίας τοῦ λαοῦ τῶν Ἰουδαίων	1	everything the Jewish people were expecting	Here “the people of the Jews” probably referred mainly to the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “all that the Jewish leaders thought would happen to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	12	12	tfh3		συνιδών	1	realized this	He became aware that God had rescued him.
ACT	12	12	ux4v	figs-activepassive	Ἰωάννου, τοῦ ἐπικαλουμένου Μάρκου	1	John, also called Mark	John was also called Mark. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “John, whom people also called Mark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	12	13	x5fg			0	General Information:	Here the words “she” and “her” all refer to the servant girl Rhoda. Here the words they” and “They” refer to the people who were inside praying ([Acts 12:12](../12/12.md)).
ACT	12	13	pfn7		κρούσαντος…αὐτοῦ	1	he knocked	“Peter knocked.” Tapping on the door was a normal Jewish custom to let others know you wish to visit them. You may need to change this to fit your culture.
ACT	12	13	c634		τὴν θύραν τοῦ πυλῶνος	1	at the door of the gate	“at the outer door” or “at the door of the entrance from the street to the courtyard”
ACT	12	13	khq1		προσῆλθε…ὑπακοῦσαι	1	came to answer	“came to the gate to ask who was knocking”
ACT	12	14	y2ff		ἀπὸ τῆς χαρᾶς	1	out of joy	“because she was so joyful” or “being overly excited”
ACT	12	14	m3m7		οὐκ ἤνοιξεν τὸν πυλῶνα	1	failed to open the door	“did not open the door” or “forgot to open the door”
ACT	12	14	ky3p		εἰσδραμοῦσα	1	came running into the room	You may prefer to say “went running into the room in the house”
ACT	12	14	yq3r		ἀπήγγειλεν	1	she reported	“she told them” or “she said”
ACT	12	14	a19k		ἑστάναι…πρὸ τοῦ πυλῶνος	1	standing at the door	“standing outside the door.” Peter was still standing outside.
ACT	12	15	ybz7		μαίνῃ	1	You are insane	The people not only did not believe her, but rebuked her by saying she was crazy. Alternate translation: “You are crazy”
ACT	12	15	xnm2		ἡ…διϊσχυρίζετο οὕτως ἔχειν	1	she insisted that it was so	“she insisted that what she said was true”
ACT	12	15	en8b		οἱ…ἔλεγον	1	They said	“They answered”
ACT	12	15	qa8m		ὁ ἄγγελός ἐστιν αὐτοῦ	1	It is his angel	“What you have seen is Peter’s angel.” Some Jews believed in guardian angels and may have thought that Peter’s angel had come to them.
ACT	12	16	wwg1			0	General Information:	Here the words “they” and “them” refer to the people in the house. The words “He” and “he” refer to Peter.
ACT	12	16	bi6l		ὁ δὲ Πέτρος ἐπέμενεν κρούων	1	But Peter continued knocking	The word “continued” means that Peter kept knocking the entire time those inside were talking.
ACT	12	17	jx1a		ἀπαγγείλατε…ταῦτα	1	Report these things	“Tell these things”
ACT	12	17	jf16		τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς	1	the brothers	“the other believers”
ACT	12	18	blx5			0	General Information:	The word “him” here refers to Peter. The word “he” refers to Herod.
ACT	12	18	ail9		δὲ	1	Now	This word is used to mark a break in the story-line. Time has passed; it is now the next day.
ACT	12	18	iqv4		γενομένης…ἡμέρας	1	when it became day	“in the morning”
ACT	12	18	zl7i	figs-litotes	ἦν τάραχος οὐκ ὀλίγος ἐν τοῖς στρατιώταις, τί ἄρα ὁ Πέτρος ἐγένετο	1	there was no small disturbance among the soldiers over what had happened to Peter	This phrase is used to emphasize what really happened. This could be said in a positive way. Alternate translation: “there was a great disturbance among the soldiers over what had happened to Peter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
ACT	12	18	ilz4	figs-abstractnouns	ἦν τάραχος οὐκ ὀλίγος ἐν τοῖς στρατιώταις, τί ἄρα ὁ Πέτρος ἐγένετο	1	there was no small disturbance among the soldiers over what had happened to Peter	The abstract noun “disturbance” can be expressed with the words “disturbed” or “upset.” Alternate translation: “the soldiers were very disturbed about what had happened to Peter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	12	19	twr1		Ἡρῴδης δὲ ἐπιζητήσας αὐτὸν καὶ μὴ εὑρὼν	1	After Herod had searched for him and could not find him	“After Herod searched for Peter and could not find him”
ACT	12	19	pz6v		Ἡρῴδης δὲ ἐπιζητήσας αὐτὸν	1	After Herod had searched for him	Possible meanings are that (1) “when Herod heard Peter was missing, he went himself to search the prison” or (2) “when Herod heard Peter was missing, he sent other soldiers to search the prison.”
ACT	12	19	c69i		ἀνακρίνας τοὺς φύλακας, ἐκέλευσεν ἀπαχθῆναι	1	he questioned the guards and ordered them to be put to death	It was the normal punishment for the Roman government to kill the guards if their prisoner escaped.
ACT	12	19	br16		καὶ κατελθὼν	1	Then he went down	The phrase “went down” is used here because Caesarea is lower in elevation than Judea.
ACT	12	20	n2lw			0	Connecting Statement:	Luke continues with another event in Herod’s life.
ACT	12	20	aip7	writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Now	This word is used here to mark the next event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
ACT	12	20	gxs4	figs-hyperbole	ὁμοθυμαδὸν…παρῆσαν πρὸς αὐτόν	1	They went to him together	Here the word “They” is a generalization. It is unlikely that all the people of Tyre and Sidon went to Herod. Alternate translation: “Men representing the people of Tyre and Sidon went together to talk with Herod” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	12	20	t6mi		πείσαντες Βλάστον	1	They persuaded Blastus	“These men persuaded Blastus”
ACT	12	20	qsg4	translate-names	Βλάστον	1	Blastus	Blastus was an assistant to or an officer of King Herod. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	12	20	l5r1		ᾐτοῦντο εἰρήνην	1	they asked for peace	“these men requested peace”
ACT	12	20	j253	figs-explicit	τὸ τρέφεσθαι αὐτῶν τὴν χώραν ἀπὸ τῆς βασιλικῆς	1	their country received its food from the king’s country	They probably purchased this food. Alternate translation: “the people of Tyre and Sidon bought all their food from the people that Herod ruled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	12	20	dy51	figs-explicit	τὸ τρέφεσθαι αὐτῶν	1	received its food	It is implied that Herod restricted this supply of food because he was angry with the people of Tyre and Sidon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	12	21	e3w9		τακτῇ…ἡμέρᾳ	1	On a set day	This was probably the day on which Herod agreed to meet with the representatives. Alternate translation: “On the day when Herod agreed to meet them”
ACT	12	21	kv7g		ἐσθῆτα βασιλικὴν	1	royal clothing	expensive clothing that would demonstrate he was the king
ACT	12	21	g6ir		καθίσας ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος	1	sat on a throne	This was where Herod formally addressed people who came to see him.
ACT	12	22	ze1s			0	Connecting Statement:	This is the end of the part of the story about Herod.
ACT	12	23	b4bc		παραχρῆμα…ἄγγελος	1	Immediately an angel	“Right away an angel” or “While the people were praising Herod, an angel”
ACT	12	23	b5s9		ἐπάταξεν αὐτὸν	1	struck him	“afflicted Herod” or “caused Herod to become very ill”
ACT	12	23	iw57		οὐκ ἔδωκεν τὴν δόξαν τῷ Θεῷ	1	he did not give God the glory	Herod let those people worship him instead of telling them to worship God.
ACT	12	23	d419	figs-activepassive	γενόμενος σκωληκόβρωτος, ἐξέψυξεν	1	he was eaten by worms and died	Here “worms” refers to worms inside the body, probably intestinal worms. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “worms ate Herod’s insides and he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	12	24	j2un	writing-endofstory		0		Verse 24 continues the history from verse 23. Verse 25 continues the history from 11:30. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
ACT	12	24	m1sw	figs-metaphor	ὁ…λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ ηὔξανεν καὶ ἐπληθύνετο	1	the word of God increased and multiplied	The word of God is spoken of as if it was a living plant that was able to grow and reproduce. Alternate translation: “the message of God spread to more places and more people believed in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	12	24	wn8m		ὁ…λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the word of God	“the message God sent about Jesus”
ACT	12	25	pv6a	figs-explicit	πληρώσαντες τὴν διακονίαν	1	completed their mission	This refers back to when they brought money from the believers at Antioch in [Acts 11:29-30](../11/29.md). Alternate translation: “delivered the money to the church leaders in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	12	25	t7d8	figs-explicit	ὑπέστρεψαν εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ	1	they returned from Jerusalem	They went back to Antioch from Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Barnabas and Saul returned to Antioch” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	13	intro	rlh6			0		# Acts 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the three quotes from Psalms in 13:33-35.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 13:41.<br><br>The chapter is where the second half of the Book of Acts begins. Luke writes more about Paul than about Peter, and it describes how it is the Gentiles and not the Jews to whom the believers tell the message about Jesus.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### A light for the Gentiles<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. The Jews considered all Gentiles as walking in darkness, but Paul and Barnabas spoke of telling the Gentiles about Jesus as if they were going to bring them physical light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
ACT	13	1	ce7s	writing-background		0	General Information:	Verse 1 gives background information about the people in the church at Antioch. Here the first word “they” probably refers to these five leaders but may also include the other believers. The next words “they” and “their” probably refer to the other three leaders not including Barnabas and Saul but could include other believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	13	1	qa2i			0	Connecting Statement:	Luke begins to tell about the mission trips on which the church at Antioch send Barnabas and Saul.
ACT	13	1	rej8		δὲ ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ κατὰ τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν	1	Now in the church in Antioch	“At that time in the church at Antioch”
ACT	13	1	srw6	translate-names	Συμεὼν…Νίγερ…Λούκιος…Μαναήν	1	Simeon…Niger…Lucius…Manaen	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	13	1	u48c		Ἡρῴδου τοῦ τετράρχου σύντροφος	1	foster brother of Herod the tetrarch	Manaen was probably Herod’s playmate or close friend growing up.
ACT	13	2	ifb9		ἀφορίσατε…μο	1	Set apart for me	“Appoint to serve me”
ACT	13	2	j6ym		προσκέκλημαι αὐτούς	1	I have called them	The verb here means that God chose them to do this work.
ACT	13	3	ku45	translate-symaction	ἐπιθέντες τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῖς	1	laid their hands on these men	“laid their hands on these men whom God had set apart for his service.” This act showed that the leaders agreed that the Holy Spirit had called Barnabas and Saul to do this work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT	13	3	p1us		ἀπέλυσαν	1	sent them off	“sent those men off” or “sent those men off to do the work the Holy Spirit told them to do”
ACT	13	4	br2m			0	General Information:	Here the words “they,” “They,” and “their” refer to Barnabas and Silas.
ACT	13	4	mt3h		οὖν	1	So	This word marks an event that happened because of a previous event. In this case, the previous event is Barnabas and Saul being set apart by the Holy Spirit.
ACT	13	4	abcj		αὐτοὶ…ἐκπεμφθέντες	1	they…were sent out	“Barnabas and Saul were sent out”
ACT	13	4	iyh8		κατῆλθον	1	went down	The phrase “went down” is used here because Seleucia is lower in elevation than Antioch.
ACT	13	4	d1q5		Σελεύκιαν	1	Seleucia	a city by the sea
ACT	13	5	at85		Σαλαμῖνι	1	city of Salamis	The city of Salamis was on Cyprus Island.
ACT	13	5	ct8b	figs-synecdoche	κατήγγελλον τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	proclaimed the word of God	“Word of God” here is a synecdoche for “message of God.” Alternate translation: “proclaimed the message of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	13	5	p5t3		συναγωγαῖς τῶν Ἰουδαίων	1	synagogues of the Jews	Possible meanings are that (1) “there were multiple Jewish synagogues in the city of Salamis where Barnabas and Saul preached” or (2) “Barnabas and Saul started at the synagogue at Salamis and continued to preach in all the synagogues they found while they traveled around the Island of Cyprus.”
ACT	13	5	sxw6		εἶχον δὲ καὶ Ἰωάννην, ὑπηρέτην	1	They also had John Mark as their assistant	“John Mark went with them and was helping them”
ACT	13	5	ukx2		ὑπηρέτην	1	assistant	“helper”
ACT	13	6	h9he			0	General Information:	Here the word “they” refers to Paul, Silas, and John Mark.The words “This man” refer to “Sergius Paulus.” The first word “he” refers to Sergius Paulus, the proconsul; the second word “he” refers to Elymas (also called Bar-Jesus), the magician.
ACT	13	6	ja1i		ὅλην τὴν νῆσον	1	the whole island	They crossed from one side of the island to the other and shared the gospel message in each town they passed through.
ACT	13	6	cl2z		Πάφου	1	Paphos	a major city on Cyprus island where the proconsul lived
ACT	13	6	zf3b		εὗρον	1	they found	Here “found” means they came upon him without looking for him. Alternate translation: “they met” or “they came upon”
ACT	13	6	xe7h		ἄνδρα, τινὰ μάγον	1	a certain magician	“a particular person who practices witchcraft” or “a person who practices supernatural magic arts”
ACT	13	6	ak38	translate-names	ᾧ ὄνομα Βαριησοῦς	1	whose name was Bar Jesus	“Bar Jesus” means “Son of Jesus.” There is no relation between this man and Jesus Christ. Jesus was a common name at that time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	13	7	bee2		σὺν	1	with	“was often with” or “was often in the company of”
ACT	13	7	s1su		ἀνθυπάτῳ	1	proconsul	This was a governor in charge of a Roman province. Alternate translation: “governor”
ACT	13	7	h5xx	writing-background	ἀνδρὶ συνετῷ	1	who was an intelligent man	This is background information about Sergius Paulus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	13	7	abck		προσκαλεσάμενος	1	He summoned	“The proconsul summoned”
ACT	13	8	lp2u	translate-names	Ἐλύμας ὁ μάγος	1	Elymas “the magician”	This was Bar-Jesus, who was also called “the magician.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	13	8	qw4j		οὕτως…μεθερμηνεύεται τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ	1	that is how his name is translated	“that was what he was called in Greek”
ACT	13	8	n23s		ἀνθίστατο…αὐτοῖς…ζητῶν διαστρέψαι	1	opposed them; he tried to turn	“resisted them by trying to turn” or “attempted to stop them by trying to turn”
ACT	13	8	w2xt	figs-metaphor	ζητῶν διαστρέψαι τὸν ἀνθύπατον ἀπὸ τῆς πίστεως	1	tried to turn the proconsul away from the faith	Here “to turn…away from” is a metaphor for convincing someone to not do something. Alternate translation: “attempted to persuade the governor not to believe the gospel message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	13	9	gws2			0	General Information:	The word “him” refers to the magician Elymas, who is also called Bar Jesus ([Acts 13:6-8](./06.md)).
ACT	13	9	nau1			0	Connecting Statement:	While on the island of Paphos, Paul begins to talk to Elymas.
ACT	13	9	ey6d	figs-activepassive	Σαῦλος…ὁ καὶ Παῦλος	1	Saul, who is also Paul	“Saul” as his Jewish name, and “Paul” was his Roman name. Since he was speaking to a Roman official, he used his Roman name. Alternate translation: “Saul, who now called himself Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	13	9	xjy9		ἀτενίσας εἰς αὐτὸν	1	stared at him intensely	“looked at him intensely”
ACT	13	10	d2pk	figs-metonymy	υἱὲ διαβόλου	1	You son of the devil	Paul is saying the man is acting like the devil. Alternate translation: “You are like the devil” or “You act like the devil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	13	10	r8x2		ὦ πλήρης παντὸς δόλου καὶ πάσης ῥᾳδιουργίας	1	you are full of all kinds of deceit and wickedness	“you are always intent in causing others to believe what is not true using falsehood and always doing what is wrong”
ACT	13	10	pyu7		ῥᾳδιουργίας	1	wickedness	In this context it means to be lazy and not diligent in following God’s law.
ACT	13	10	hlq9		ἐχθρὲ πάσης δικαιοσύνης	1	You are an enemy of every kind of righteousness	Paul is grouping Elymas with the devil. Just as the devil is an enemy of God and is against righteousness, so also was Elymas.
ACT	13	10	bc9p	figs-rquestion	οὐ παύσῃ διαστρέφων τὰς ὁδοὺς τοῦ Κυρίου τὰς εὐθείας	1	You will never stop twisting the straight paths of the Lord, will you?	Paul uses this question to rebuke Elymas for opposing God. Alternate translation: “You are always saying that the truth about the Lord God is false!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	13	10	p8sa	figs-idiom	τὰς ὁδοὺς τοῦ Κυρίου τὰς εὐθείας	1	the straight paths of the Lord	Here “straight paths” refer to the ways that are true. Alternate translation: “the true ways of the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	13	11	k51g			0	General Information:	The words “you” and “him” refer to Elymas the magician. The word “he” refers to the Sergius Paulus, proconsul (governor of Paphos).
ACT	13	11	pey7			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul finishes speaking to Elymas.
ACT	13	11	xul9	figs-metonymy	χεὶρ Κυρίου ἐπὶ σέ	1	the hand of the Lord is upon you	Here “hand’ represents the power of God and “upon you” implies punishment. Alternate translation: “The Lord will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	13	11	rse8	figs-activepassive	ἔσῃ τυφλὸς	1	you will become blind	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will make you blind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	13	11	w3gh		μὴ βλέπων τὸν ἥλιον	1	You will not see the sun	Elymas will be so completely blind that he not even be able to see the sun. Alternate translation: “You will not even see the sun”
ACT	13	11	b5b8		ἄχρι καιροῦ	1	for a while	“for a period of time” or “until the time appointed by God”
ACT	13	11	t7j1		ἔπεσεν ἐπ’ αὐτὸν ἀχλὺς καὶ σκότος	1	there fell on Elymas a mist and darkness	“the eyes of Elymas became blurry and then dark” or “Elymas started seeing unclearly and then he could not see anything”
ACT	13	11	a7es		περιάγων	1	he started going around	“Elymas wandered around” or “Elymas started feeling around and”
ACT	13	12	x9fl		ἀνθύπατος	1	proconsul	This was a governor in charge of a Roman province. Alternate translation: “governor”
ACT	13	12	pyh7		ἐπίστευσεν	1	he believed	“he believed in Jesus”
ACT	13	12	twa8	figs-activepassive	ἐκπλησσόμενος ἐπὶ τῇ διδαχῇ τοῦ Κυρίου	1	he was astonished at the teaching about the Lord	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the teaching about the Lord amazed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	13	13	i65t	writing-background		0	General Information:	Verses 13 and 14 give background information about this part of the story. “Paul and his friends” were Barnabas and John Mark (also called John). From this point on, Saul is called Paul in Acts. Paul’s name is listed first which indicates that he had become the leader of the group. It is important to keep this order in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	13	13	rk3k			0	Connecting Statement:	This is a new part of the story about Paul in Antioch in Pisidia.
ACT	13	13	r9hi		δὲ	1	Now	This marks the beginning of a new part of the story.
ACT	13	13	abcl		οἱ περὶ, Παῦλον	1	those around Paul	This refers to Paul and his companions.
ACT	13	13	k4s9		ἀναχθέντες…ἀπὸ τῆς Πάφου	1	set sail from Paphos	“traveled by sailboat from Paphos”
ACT	13	13	h1cb		ἦλθον εἰς Πέργην τῆς Παμφυλίας	1	came to Perga in Pamphylia	“arrived in Perga which is in Pamphylia”
ACT	13	13	g6l5		Ἰωάννης δὲ ἀποχωρήσας ἀπ’ αὐτῶν	1	But John left them	“But John Mark left Paul and Barnabas”
ACT	13	14	vrp1		Ἀντιόχειαν τὴν Πισιδίαν	1	Antioch of Pisidia	“the city of Antioch in the district of Pisidia”
ACT	13	15	dnb4	figs-synecdoche	μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἀνάγνωσιν τοῦ νόμου καὶ τῶν προφητῶν	1	After the reading of the law and the prophets	The “law and the prophets” refer to parts of the Jewish scriptures which were read. Alternate translation: “After someone read from the books of the law and the writings of the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	13	15	z7bh		ἀπέστειλαν…πρὸς αὐτοὺς λέγοντες	1	sent them a message, saying	“told someone to say” or “asked someone to say”
ACT	13	15	td4h		ἀδελφοί	1	Brothers	The term “brothers” is here used by the people in the synagogue to refer to Paul and Barnabas as fellow Jews.
ACT	13	15	jru8		εἴ τίς ἐστιν ἐν ὑμῖν λόγος παρακλήσεως	1	if you have any message of encouragement	“if you want to say anything to encourage us”
ACT	13	15	kj1h		λέγετε	1	say it	“please speak it” or “please tell it to us”
ACT	13	16	tbc4	figs-inclusive		0	General Information:	The first word “he” refers to Paul. The second word “he” refers to God. Here the word “our” refers to Paul and his fellow Jews. The words “they” and “them” refer to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
ACT	13	16	p93q			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul begins his speech to those in the synagogue in Pisidian Antioch. He begins by talking about things that happened in Israel’s history.
ACT	13	16	i8pz	translate-symaction	κατασείσας τῇ χειρὶ	1	motioned with his hand	This could refer to moving his hands as a signal that he was ready to speak. Alternate translation: “moved his hands to show that he was about to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT	13	16	rh93		οἱ φοβούμενοι τὸν Θεόν	1	you who honor God	This refers to Gentiles who had converted to Judaism. “you who are not Israelites but who worship God”
ACT	13	16	ah55		τὸν Θεόν, ἀκούσατε	1	God, listen	“God, listen to me” or “God, listen to what I am about to say”
ACT	13	17	se2b		ὁ Θεὸς τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου Ἰσραὴλ	1	The God of this people Israel	“The God the people of Israel worship”
ACT	13	17	l9cn		τοὺς πατέρας ἡμῶν	1	our fathers	“our ancestors”
ACT	13	17	aaj5		τὸν λαὸν ὕψωσεν	1	made the people numerous	“caused them to become very numerous”
ACT	13	17	vw4z	figs-metonymy	μετὰ βραχίονος ὑψηλοῦ	1	with an uplifted arm	This refers to God’s mighty power. Alternate translation: “with great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	13	17	b74t		ἐξ αὐτῆς	1	out of it	“out from the land of Egypt”
ACT	13	18	zv9e		ἐτροποφόρησεν αὐτοὺς	1	he put up with them	This means “he tolerated them.” Some versions have a different word that means “he took care of them.” Alternate translation: “God endured their disobedience” or “God took care of them”
ACT	13	19	nvp7	figs-inclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “he” refers to God. The words “their land” refer to the land the seven nations had previously occupied. The word “them” refers to the people of Israel. The word “our” refers to Paul and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
ACT	13	19	h5qg		ἔθνη	1	nations	Here the word “nations” refers to different people groups and not to geographical boundaries.
ACT	13	20	m4jd		ὡς ἔτεσι τετρακοσίοις καὶ πεντήκοντα	1	took about 450 years	“took more than 450 years to accomplish”
ACT	13	20	abcm		ἔδωκεν	1	he gave them	“God gave them”
ACT	13	20	qmc8		ἕως Σαμουὴλ προφήτου	1	until Samuel the prophet	“until the time of the prophet Samuel”
ACT	13	21	akg6			0	General Information:	The quotation here is from the history of Samuel and from a Psalm of Ethan in the Old Testament.
ACT	13	21	yxi8		ἔτη τεσσεράκοντα	1	for forty years	“to be their king for forty years”
ACT	13	22	z4x3		μεταστήσας αὐτὸν	1	removed him from the kingship	This expression means God caused Saul to stop being king. Alternate translation: “rejected Saul from being king”
ACT	13	22	bsp6		ἤγειρεν τὸν Δαυεὶδ αὐτοῖς εἰς βασιλέα	1	he raised up David to be their king	“God chose David to be their king”
ACT	13	22	iyd6		βασιλέα	1	their king	“the king of Israel” or “the king over the Israelites”
ACT	13	22	sw2r		ᾧ…εἶπεν	1	It was about David that God said	“God said this about David”
ACT	13	22	dbu5		εὗρον	1	I have found	“I have observed that”
ACT	13	22	mp53	figs-idiom	ἄνδρα κατὰ τὴν καρδίαν μου	1	to be a man after my heart	This expression means he “is a man who wants what I want.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	13	23	lby6			0	General Information:	The quotation here is from the Gospels.
ACT	13	23	xj5a		τούτου…ἀπὸ τοῦ σπέρματος	1	From this man’s descendants	“From David’s descendants.” This is placed at the beginning of the sentence to emphasize that the savior had to be one of David’s descendants ([Acts 13:22](../13/22.md)).
ACT	13	23	kc76	figs-metonymy	ἤγαγεν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ	1	brought to Israel	This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “gave to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	13	23	mk5g		κατ’ ἐπαγγελίαν	1	according to promise	“just as God promised he would do”
ACT	13	24	abcn		πρὸ προσώπου τῆς εἰσόδου αὐτοῦ	1	before his coming	“before the coming of Jesus”
ACT	13	24	x892	figs-abstractnouns	βάπτισμα μετανοίας	1	a baptism of repentance	You can translate the word “repentance” as the verb “repent.” Alternate translation: “the baptism to repent” or “the baptism that people requested when they wanted to repent for their sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	13	25	vww3	figs-rquestion	τί ἐμὲ ὑπονοεῖτε εἶναι?	1	Who do you think I am?	John asked this question to compel the people to think about who he was. Alternate translation: “Think about who I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	13	25	rp32	figs-explicit	οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐγώ	1	I am not the one	John was referring to the Messiah, whom they were expecting to come. Alternate translation: “I am not the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	13	25	nnl5		ἀλλ’ ἰδοὺ	1	But listen	This emphasizes the importance of what he will say next.
ACT	13	25	r1pl	figs-explicit	ἔρχεται μετ’ ἐμὲ	1	one is coming after me	This also refers to the Messiah. Alternate translation: “The Messiah will soon come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	13	25	gys2		οὗ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἄξιος τὸ ὑπόδημα τῶν ποδῶν λῦσαι	1	the shoes of whose feet I am not worthy to untie	“I am not worthy even to untie his shoes.” The Messiah is so much greater than John that he did not even feel worthy do the lowest job for him.
ACT	13	26	jdp6	figs-inclusive		0	General Information:	The word “they” and “their” refers to the Jews who lived in Jerusalem. Here the word “us” includes Paul and his entire audience in the synagogue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
ACT	13	26	kci9		ἀδελφοί, υἱοὶ γένους Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ οἱ ἐν ὑμῖν φοβούμενοι τὸν Θεόν	1	Brothers, children of the line of Abraham…who worship God	Paul addresses his audience of Jews and Gentile converts to Judaism to remind them of their special status as worshiping the true God.
ACT	13	26	u6zn	figs-activepassive	ὁ λόγος τῆς σωτηρίας ταύτης ἐξαπεστάλη	1	the message about this salvation has been sent	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has sent the message about this salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	13	26	v6r3	figs-abstractnouns	τῆς σωτηρίας ταύτης	1	about this salvation	The word “salvation” can be translated with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “that God will save people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	13	27	psk5		τοῦτον ἀγνοήσαντες	1	did not recognize him	“did not realize that this man Jesus was the one whom God had sent to save them”
ACT	13	27	ri1f	figs-metonymy	τὰς φωνὰς τῶν προφητῶν	1	sayings of the prophets	Here the word “sayings” represents the message of the prophets. Alternate translation: “the writings of the prophets” or “the message of the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	13	27	m4tz	figs-activepassive	τὰς…ἀναγινωσκομένας	1	that are read	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which someone reads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	13	27	rle6		τὰς φωνὰς τῶν προφητῶν…ἐπλήρωσαν	1	they fulfilled sayings of the prophets	“they actually did just what the prophets said they would do in the books of the prophets”
ACT	13	28	v3hw			0	General Information:	Here the word “they” refers to the Jewish people and their religious leaders in Jerusalem. The word him” here refers to Jesus.
ACT	13	28	y9j6		μηδεμίαν αἰτίαν θανάτου εὑρόντες	1	they found no reason for death	“they did not find any reason why anyone should kill Jesus”
ACT	13	28	d4xm		ᾐτήσαντο Πειλᾶτον	1	they asked Pilate	The word “asked” here is a strong word meaning to demand, beg or plead for.
ACT	13	29	sq1j		ὡς δὲ ἐτέλεσαν πάντα τὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ γεγραμμένα	1	When they had completed all the things that were written about him	“When thy did to Jesus all the things that the prophets said would happen to him”
ACT	13	29	m5f1	figs-explicit	καθελόντες ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου	1	they took him down from the tree	It may be helpful to explicitly say Jesus died before this happened. Alternate translation: “they killed Jesus and then took him down from the cross after he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	13	29	vwt4	figs-explicit	ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου	1	from the tree	“from the cross.” This was another way people at that time referred to the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	13	30	h5jw		ὁ δὲ Θεὸς ἤγειρεν αὐτὸν	1	But God raised him	“But” indicates a strong contrast between what the people did and what God did.
ACT	13	30	mqx8		ἤγειρεν αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	raised him from the dead	“raised him from among those who were dead.” To be with “the dead” means that Jesus was dead.
ACT	13	30	zsx4	figs-idiom	ἤγειρεν αὐτὸν	1	raised him	Here, to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “caused him to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	13	30	d14p		ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	from the dead	From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To raise someone from among them speaks of making that person alive again.
ACT	13	31	ig7w	figs-activepassive	ὃς ὤφθη ἐπὶ ἡμέρας πλείους τοῖς συναναβᾶσιν αὐτῷ ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ	1	He was seen…Galilee to Jerusalem	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The disciples who traveled with Jesus from Galilee to Jerusalem saw him for many days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	13	31	g4vl		ἡμέρας πλείους	1	many days	We know from other writings that this period was 40 days. Translate “many days” with a term that would be appropriate for that length of time.
ACT	13	31	vqj4		νῦν εἰσιν μάρτυρες αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὸν λαόν	1	are now his witnesses to the people	“are now testifying to the people about Jesus” or “are now telling the people about Jesus”
ACT	13	32	ipb9			0	General Information:	The second quotation here is from the prophet Isaiah.
ACT	13	32	y273		καὶ	1	So	This word marks an event that happened because of previous event. In this case, the previous event is God’s raising Jesus from the dead.
ACT	13	32	hr2g		τοὺς πατέρας	1	our fathers	“our ancestors.” Paul is still speaking to the Jews and Gentile converts in the synagogue at Antioch of Pisidia. These were the physical ancestors of the Jews, and the spiritual ancestors of the converts.
ACT	13	33	b1uh	translate-versebridge	ἐκπεπλήρωκεν τοῖς τέκνοις ἡμῶν, ἀναστήσας	1	he has fulfilled for us, their children, by	You may need to rearrange the parts of this sentence, which begins in verse 32. “God has fulfilled for us, their children, these promises that he made to our ancestors, by” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]])
ACT	13	33	dy6w		τοῖς τέκνοις ἡμῶν	1	for us, their children	“for us, who are the children of our ancestors.” Paul is still speaking to the Jews and Gentile converts in the synagogue at Antioch of Pisidia. These were the physical ancestors of the Jews, and the spiritual ancestors of the converts.
ACT	13	33	d95n	figs-idiom	ἀναστήσας Ἰησοῦν	1	by raising up Jesus	Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “by making Jesus alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	13	33	y3tz		ὡς…ἐν τῷ ψαλμῷ γέγραπται τῷ δευτέρῳ	1	As it is written in the second Psalm	“This is what was written in the second Psalm”
ACT	13	33	h9ir		τῷ ψαλμῷ…τῷ δευτέρῳ	1	the second Psalm	“Psalm 2”
ACT	13	33	tla1	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱός…γεγέννηκά σε	1	Son…Father	These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
ACT	13	34	iy5q		ὅτι δὲ ἀνέστησεν αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν, μηκέτι μέλλοντα ὑποστρέφειν εἰς διαφθοράν, οὕτως εἴρηκεν	1	The fact that he raised him up from the dead so that his body would never decay, God has spoken in this way	“God spoke these words about his making Jesus alive again so that he would never die again”
ACT	13	34	h3nj		ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	from the dead	From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To come back from among them speaks of becoming alive again.
ACT	13	34	q3kq		τὰ ὅσια…τὰ πιστά	1	sure blessings	“certain blessings”
ACT	13	35	r1ev	figs-explicit	διότι καὶ ἐν ἑτέρῳ λέγει	1	This is why he also says in another Psalm	Paul’s audience would have understood that this Psalm refers to the Messiah. Alternate translation: “In another Psalm of David, he also says about the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	13	35	gl8s		καὶ…λέγει	1	he also says	“David also says.” David is the author of Psalm 16 from which this quotation is taken.
ACT	13	35	hvt8	figs-metonymy	οὐ δώσεις τὸν Ὅσιόν σου ἰδεῖν διαφθοράν	1	You will not allow your Holy One to see decay	The phrase “see decay” is a metonym for “decay.” Alternate translation: “You will not allow the body of your Holy One to rot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	13	35	ry97		οὐ δώσεις	1	You will not allow	David is speaking to God here.
ACT	13	36	u8vh		ἰδίᾳ γενεᾷ	1	in his own generation	“during his lifetime”
ACT	13	36	m5wx		ὑπηρετήσας τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ βουλῇ	1	served the desires of God	“did what God wanted him to do” or “did what pleased God”
ACT	13	36	rpb4	figs-euphemism	ἐκοιμήθη	1	he fell asleep	This was a polite way to refer to death. Alternate translation: “he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
ACT	13	36	nwy9		προσετέθη πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας αὐτοῦ	1	was laid with his fathers	“was buried with his ancestors who had died”
ACT	13	36	la5s	figs-metonymy	εἶδεν διαφθοράν	1	he saw decay	The phrase “experienced decay” is a metonym for “his body decayed.” Alternate translation: “his body rotted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	13	37	bmw3		ὃν δὲ	1	But he whom	“but Jesus whom”
ACT	13	37	n9pl	figs-idiom	ὁ Θεὸς ἤγειρεν	1	God raised up	Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “God caused to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	13	37	j52x	figs-metonymy	οὐκ εἶδεν διαφθοράν	1	did not see decay	The phrase “experienced no decay” is a way to say “his body did not decay.” Alternate translation: “did not rot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	13	38	ki8q			0	General Information:	Here the word “him” refers to Jesus.
ACT	13	38	yg35		γνωστὸν…ἔστω ὑμῖν	1	let it be known to you	“know this” or “this is important for you to know”
ACT	13	38	qy18		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Paul uses this term because they are his fellow-Jews and followers of Judaism. They are not Christian believers at this point. Alternate translation: “my fellow Israelites and other friends”
ACT	13	38	t3i5	figs-activepassive	ὅτι διὰ τούτου, ὑμῖν ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν καταγγέλλεται	1	that through this man is proclaimed to you forgiveness of sins	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that we proclaim to you that your sins can be forgiven through Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	13	38	w7y1	figs-abstractnouns	ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν	1	forgiveness of sins	The abstract noun “forgiveness” can be translated with the verb “to forgive.” Alternate translation: “that God can forgive your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	13	39	j6rr		ἐν τούτῳ πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων	1	By him every one who believes	“By him every person who believes” or “Every one who believes in him”
ACT	13	39	g5h9	figs-activepassive	ἐν τούτῳ πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων δικαιοῦται	1	By him every one who believes is justified	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Jesus justifies everyone who believes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	13	40	kk1j			0	General Information:	In his message to the people in the synagogue, Paul quotes the prophet Habakkuk. Here the word “I” refers to God.
ACT	13	40	zx6p			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul finishes his speech in the synagogue in Pisidian Antioch, which he began in [Acts 13:16](../13/16.md).
ACT	13	40	y2kg	figs-explicit	βλέπετε	1	be careful	It is implied that the thing they should be careful about is Paul’s message. Alternate translation: “give close attention to the things I have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	13	40	tt1x		τὸ εἰρημένον ἐν τοῖς προφήταις	1	that the thing the prophets spoke about	“so that what the prophets spoke about”
ACT	13	41	tqk5		ἴδετε, οἱ καταφρονηταί	1	Look, you despisers	“you who feel contempt” or “you who ridicule”
ACT	13	41	ky3s		θαυμάσατε	1	be astonished	“be amazed” or “be shocked”
ACT	13	41	ilh2		καὶ ἀφανίσθητε	1	then perish	“then die”
ACT	13	41	dvn1		ἔργον ἐργάζομαι	1	am doing a work	“am doing something” or “am doing a deed”
ACT	13	41	nm2q		ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ὑμῶν	1	in your days	“during your lifetime”
ACT	13	41	w6tq		ἔργον ὃ	1	A work that	“I am doing something which”
ACT	13	41	p4c2		ἐάν τις ἐκδιηγῆται ὑμῖν	1	even if someone announces it to you	“even if someone tells you about it”
ACT	13	42	ax8v		ἐξιόντων δὲ	1	As Paul and Barnabas left	“When Paul and Barnabas were leaving”
ACT	13	42	f3sw		ἐξιόντων δὲ, αὐτῶν παρεκάλουν	1	As they left, they begged them	“As Paul and Barnabas left, the people begged them”
ACT	13	42	y4p9	figs-metonymy	τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα	1	these same words	Here “words” refers to the message that Paul had spoken. Alternate translation: “this same message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	13	43	a58z		λυθείσης δὲ τῆς συναγωγῆς	1	When the synagogue meeting ended	Possible meanings are (1) this restates “As Paul and Barnabas left” in verse 42 or (2) Paul and Barnabas left the meeting before it ended and this occurs later.
ACT	13	43	sws7		προσηλύτων	1	proselytes	These were non-Jewish people who converted to Judaism.
ACT	13	43	q2aj		οἵτινες προσλαλοῦντες αὐτοῖς, ἔπειθον αὐτοὺς	1	who spoke to them and urged them	“and Paul and Barnabas spoke to those people and urged them”
ACT	13	43	fv15	figs-explicit	προσμένειν τῇ χάριτι τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	to continue in the grace of God	It is implied that they believed Paul’s message that Jesus was the Messiah. Alternate translation: “to continue to trust that God kindly forgives people’s sins because of what Jesus did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	13	44	m129			0	General Information:	Here the word “him” refers to Paul.
ACT	13	44	vq3y	figs-metonymy	σχεδὸν πᾶσα ἡ πόλις	1	almost the whole city	The “city” represents the people in the city. This phrase is used to show the great response to the Lord’s word. Alternate translation: “almost all the people of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	13	44	yga7	figs-explicit	ἀκοῦσαι τὸν λόγον τοῦ Κυρίου	1	to hear the word of the Lord	It is implied that Paul and Barnabas were the ones who spoke the word of the Lord. Alternate translation: “to hear Paul and Barnabas speak about the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	13	45	j4zq	figs-synecdoche	οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι	1	the Jews	Here “Jews” represents Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	13	45	qrh2	figs-metaphor	ἐπλήσθησαν ζήλου	1	filled with jealousy	Here jealousy is spoken of as if it were something that could fill up a person. Alternate translation: “became very jealous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	13	45	nc5l		ἀντέλεγον	1	spoke against	“contradicted” or “opposed”
ACT	13	45	m1an	figs-activepassive	τοῖς ὑπὸ Παύλου λαλουμένοις	1	the things that were said by Paul	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the things that Paul said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	13	46	zvt5	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	The first two instances of the word “you” are plural and refer to the Jews to whom Paul is speaking. Here the words “we” and “us” refers to Paul and Barnabas but not the crowd that was present. Paul’s quotation is from the prophet Isaiah in the Old Testament. In the original passage, the word “I” refers to God and the word “you” is singular and refers to the Messiah. Here, Paul and Barnabas seem to be saying that the quotation also refers to their ministry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	13	46	as6q	figs-explicit	ἦν ἀναγκαῖον	1	It was necessary	This implies that God had commanded this be done. Alternate translation: “God commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	13	46	jn55	figs-activepassive	ὑμῖν…ἀναγκαῖον πρῶτον λαληθῆναι τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	that the word of God should first be spoken to you	This can be stated in active form. “Word of God” here is a synecdoche for “message from God.” Alternate translation: “that we speak the message from God to you first” or “that we speak the word of God to you first” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	13	46	lly5	figs-metaphor	ἐπειδὴ ἀπωθεῖσθε αὐτὸν	1	Seeing you push it away from yourselves	Their rejection of the word of God is spoken of as if it were something they pushed away. Alternate translation: “Since you reject the word of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	13	46	ms36		οὐκ ἀξίους κρίνετε ἑαυτοὺς τῆς αἰωνίου ζωῆς	1	consider yourselves unworthy of eternal life	“have shown that you are not worthy of eternal life” or “act as though you are not worthy of eternal life”
ACT	13	46	rf9k	figs-explicit	στρεφόμεθα εἰς τὰ ἔθνη	1	we will turn to the Gentiles	“we will go to the Gentiles.” Paul and Barnadas were implying that they would preach to the Gentiles. Alternate translation: “we will leave you and start preaching to the Gentiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	13	47	v8au	figs-metaphor	εἰς φῶς	1	as a light	Here the truth about Jesus that Paul was preaching is spoken of as if it were a light that allowed people to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	13	47	t5sp	figs-abstractnouns	εἰς σωτηρίαν ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς	1	bring salvation to the uttermost parts of the earth	The abstract word “salvation” can be translated with the verb “to save.” The phrase “uttermost parts” refers to everywhere. Alternate translation: “tell people everywhere in the world that I want to save them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	13	48	e9ag	figs-metonymy	ἐδόξαζον τὸν λόγον τοῦ Κυρίου	1	praised the word of the Lord	Here “word” refers to the message about Jesus that they had believed. Alternate translation: “praised God for the message about the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	13	48	jct2	figs-activepassive	ὅσοι ἦσαν τεταγμένοι εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον	1	As many as were appointed to eternal life	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “As many as God appointed to eternal life believed” or “All the people whom God had chosen to receive eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	13	49	qh9z	figs-metonymy	διεφέρετο…ὁ λόγος τοῦ Κυρίου δι’ ὅλης τῆς χώρας	1	The word of the Lord was spread out through the whole region	Here “word” refers to the message about Jesus. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Those who believed spread the word of the Lord through the whole region” or “Those who believed went everywhere in the region and told others about the message of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	13	50	eqi5			0	General Information:	Here the word “they” refers to Paul and Barnabas.
ACT	13	50	t4bv			0	Connecting Statement:	This ends Paul and Barnabas’ time in Antioch of Pisidia and they go to Iconium.
ACT	13	50	u8rm	figs-synecdoche	οἱ…Ἰουδαῖοι	1	the Jews	This probably refers to the leaders of the Jews. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	13	50	cf21		παρώτρυναν	1	urged on	“convinced” or “stirred up”
ACT	13	50	wmm5		τοὺς πρώτους	1	the leading men	“the most important men”
ACT	13	50	n7qe		ἐπήγειραν διωγμὸν ἐπὶ τὸν Παῦλον καὶ Βαρναβᾶν	1	These stirred up a persecution against Paul and Barnabas	“They convinced the important men and women to persecute Paul and Barnabas”
ACT	13	50	cq9h		ἐξέβαλον αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν ὁρίων αὐτῶν	1	threw them out beyond the border of their city	“removed Paul and Barnabas from their city”
ACT	13	51	abco		οἱ δὲ, ἐκτιναξάμενοι	1	But they shook off	“But Paul and Silas shook off”
ACT	13	51	xi1z	writing-symlanguage	ἐκτιναξάμενοι τὸν κονιορτὸν τῶν ποδῶν ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς	1	shook off the dust from their feet against them	This was a symbolic act to indicate to the unbelieving people that God had rejected them and would punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
ACT	13	52	dp5k		οἵ…μαθηταὶ	1	the disciples	This probably refers to the new believers in the Antioch of Pisidia that Paul and Silas just left.
ACT	14	intro	rsg2			0		# Acts 14 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “The message of his grace”<br><br>The message of Jesus is the message that God will show grace to those who believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br><br>### Zeus and Hermes<br><br>The Gentiles in the Roman Empire worshiped many different false gods who do not really exist. Paul and Barnabas told them to believe in the “living God.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “We must enter into the kingdom of God through many sufferings.”<br><br>Jesus told his followers before he died that everyone who followed him would suffer persecution. Paul is saying the same thing using different words.
ACT	14	1	vh8u			0	General Information:	The story of Paul and Barnabas in Iconium continues.
ACT	14	1	abcp		εἰσελθεῖν αὐτοὺς	1	they entered	
ACT	14	1	hk1z		ἐγένετο δὲ, ἐν Ἰκονίῳ	1	It came about in Iconium that	“Paul and Barnabas entered”
ACT	14	1	f4sq	figs-explicit	λαλῆσαι οὕτως	1	spoke in such a way	“spoke so powerfully.” It may be helpful to state that they spoke the message about Jesus. Alternate translation: “spoke the message about Jesus so powerfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	14	2	wc4x		οἱ…ἀπειθήσαντες Ἰουδαῖοι	1	the Jews who were disobedient	This refers to a portion of the Jews who did not believe the message about Jesus.
ACT	14	2	n2pp	figs-metaphor	ἐπήγειραν…τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν ἐθνῶν	1	stirred up the minds of the Gentiles	Causing the Gentiles to become angry is spoken of as if calm waters were disturbed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	14	2	k8mv	figs-synecdoche	τὰς ψυχὰς	1	the minds	Here the word “minds” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “the Gentiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	14	2	fu13		τῶν ἀδελφῶν	1	the brothers	Here “brothers” refers to Paul and Barnabas and the new believers.
ACT	14	3	lp4v			0	General Information:	Here the word “He” refers to the Lord.
ACT	14	3	a3gp		μὲν οὖν…διέτριψαν	1	So they stayed there	“Nevertheless they stayed there.” Paul and Barnabas stayed in Iconium to help the many people who had believed in [Acts 14:1](../14/01.md). “So” could be omitted if it adds confusion to the text.
ACT	14	3	f2xh		τῷ μαρτυροῦντι τῷ λόγῳ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ	1	gave evidence about the message of his grace	“demonstrated that the message about his grace was true”
ACT	14	3	wcn5		τῷ λόγῳ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ	1	about the message of his grace	“about the message of the Lord’s grace”
ACT	14	3	c2cv	figs-activepassive	διδόντι σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα γίνεσθαι διὰ τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν	1	by granting signs and wonders to be done by the hands of Paul and Barnabas	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “by enabling Paul and Barnabas to perform signs and wonders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	14	3	p9iq	figs-synecdoche	διὰ τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν	1	by the hands of Paul and Barnabas	Here “hands” refers to the will and effort of these two men as guided by the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “by the ministry of Paul and Barnabas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	14	4	btu3	figs-metonymy	ἐσχίσθη…τὸ πλῆθος τῆς πόλεως	1	the majority of the city was divided	Here “city”refers to the people in the city. Alternate translation: “most of the people of the city were divided” or “most of the people of the city did not agree with each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	14	4	smz5		ἦσαν σὺν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις	1	sided with the Jews	“supported the Jews” or “agreed with the Jews.” The first group mentioned did not agree with the message about grace.
ACT	14	4	q1xc	figs-ellipsis	σὺν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις	1	with the apostles	The second group mentioned agreed with the message about grace. It may be helpful to restate the verb. Alternate translation: “sided with the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ACT	14	4	mw9h		τοῖς ἀποστόλοις	1	the apostles	Luke refers to Paul and Barnabas. Here “apostle” might be used in the general sense of “ones sent out.”
ACT	14	5	s5h7			0	General Information:	Here the word “they” refers to Paul and Barnabas.
ACT	14	5	q6g2		ὑβρίσαι καὶ λιθοβολῆσαι αὐτούς	1	to mistreat and stone them	“to beat Paul and Barnabas and to kill them by throwing stones at them”
ACT	14	6	tpl1	translate-names	τῆς Λυκαονίας	1	Lycaonia	A district in Asia Minor (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	14	6	m5gv	translate-names	Λύστραν	1	Lystra	A city in Asia Minor south of Iconium and north of Derbe (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	14	6	tl4q	translate-names	Δέρβην	1	Derbe	A city in Asia Minor south of Iconium and Lystra (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	14	7	z5nd		κἀκεῖ εὐαγγελιζόμενοι ἦσαν	1	where they continued to proclaim the gospel	“where Paul and Barnabas continued to proclaim the good news”
ACT	14	8	ep46			0	General Information:	The first word “he” refers to the crippled man; the second word “he” refers to Paul. The word “him” refers to the crippled man.
ACT	14	8	l5pu			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul and Barnabas are now in Lystra.
ACT	14	8	wb5k	writing-participants	τις ἀνὴρ…ἐκάθητο	1	a certain man sat	This introduces a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
ACT	14	8	kz7d		ἀδύνατος…τοῖς ποσὶν	1	powerless in his feet	“unable to move his legs” or “unable to walk on his feet”
ACT	14	8	tca1		χωλὸς ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς αὐτοῦ	1	a cripple from his mother’s womb	“having been born as a cripple”
ACT	14	8	hw4l		χωλὸς	1	cripple	person who cannot walk
ACT	14	9	di49		ὃς ἀτενίσας αὐτῷ	1	He looked intently at him	“Paul looked straight at the man”
ACT	14	9	xak4	figs-abstractnouns	ἔχει πίστιν τοῦ σωθῆναι	1	had faith to be made well	The abstract noun “faith” can be translated with the verb “believe.” Alternate translation: “believed that Jesus could heal him” or “believed that Jesus could make him well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	14	10	v1kz		ἥλατο	1	jumped up	“leaped in the air.” This implies that his legs were completely healed.
ACT	14	11	axe6		ὃ ἐποίησεν Παῦλος	1	what Paul had done	This refers to Paul’s healing the crippled man.
ACT	14	11	lvs9		ἐπῆραν τὴν φωνὴν αὐτῶν	1	they raised their voice	To raise the voice is to speak loudly. Alternate translation: “they spoke loudly” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom)
ACT	14	11	d1gz	figs-explicit	οἱ θεοὶ…κατέβησαν πρὸς ἡμᾶς	1	The gods have come down to us	A large number of people believed Paul and Barnabas were their pagan gods who had come down from heaven. Alternate translation: “The gods have come down from heaven to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	14	11	x3bi		Λυκαονιστὶ	1	in the dialect of Lycaonia	“in their own Lycaonian language.” The people of Lystra spoke Lycaonian and also Greek.
ACT	14	11	rm85		ὁμοιωθέντες ἀνθρώποις	1	in the form of men	These people believed that the gods needed to change their appearance in order to look like men.
ACT	14	12	t7uu	translate-names	Δία	1	Zeus	Zeus was the king over all the other pagan gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	14	12	hh25	translate-names	Ἑρμῆν	1	Hermes	Hermes was the pagan god who brought messages to people from Zeus and the other gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	14	13	iz6r	figs-explicit	ὅ τε ἱερεὺς τοῦ Διὸς, τοῦ ὄντος πρὸ τῆς πόλεως…ἐνέγκας	1	The priest of Zeus, whose temple was just outside the city, brought	It may be helpful to include additional information about the priest. Alternate translation: “There was a temple just outside the city where the people worshiped Zeus. When the priest who served in the temple heard what Paul and Barnabas had done, he brought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	14	13	v2a9		ταύρους καὶ στέμματα	1	oxen and wreaths	The oxen were to be sacrificed. The wreaths were either to crown Paul and Barnabas, or put on the oxen for sacrifice.
ACT	14	13	iha1		ἐπὶ τοὺς πυλῶνας	1	to the gates	The gates of the cities were often used as a meeting place for the people of the city.
ACT	14	13	ud37		ἤθελεν θύειν	1	wanted to offer sacrifice	“wanted to offer sacrifice to Paul and Barnabas as the gods Zeus and Hermes”
ACT	14	14	kt1f		οἱ ἀπόστολοι Βαρναβᾶς καὶ Παῦλος	1	the apostles, Barnabas and Paul	Luke is here probably using “apostle” in the general sense of “one sent out.”
ACT	14	14	kx43		διαρρήξαντες τὰ ἱμάτια ἑαυτῶν	1	they tore their clothing	This was a symbolic action to show that they were deeply distressed and upset that the crowd wanted to sacrifice to them.
ACT	14	15	w4fd	figs-rquestion	ἄνδρες, τί ταῦτα ποιεῖτε	1	Men, why are you doing these things?	Barnabas and Paul are rebuking the people for trying to sacrifice to them. Alternate translation: “Men, you must not do these things!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	14	15	f8vc		ταῦτα ποιεῖτε	1	doing these things	“worshiping us”
ACT	14	15	u9pq		καὶ ἡμεῖς ὁμοιοπαθεῖς ἐσμεν ὑμῖν ἄνθρωποι	1	We also are human beings with the same feelings as you	By this statement, Barnabas and Paul are saying that they are not gods. Alternate translation: “We are just human beings like you. We are not gods!”
ACT	14	15	n9e4		ὁμοιοπαθεῖς…ὑμῖν	1	with the same feelings as you	“like you in every way”
ACT	14	15	n98g	figs-metaphor	ἀπὸ τούτων τῶν ματαίων ἐπιστρέφειν ἐπὶ Θεὸν ζῶντα	1	turn from these useless things to a living God	Here “turn from…to” is a metaphor meaning to stop doing one thing and start doing something else. Alternate translation: “stop worshiping these false gods that cannot help you, and instead begin to worship the living God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	14	15	qr5b		Θεὸν ζῶντα	1	a living God	“a God who truly exists” or “a God who lives”
ACT	14	16	s2rn		ἐν ταῖς παρῳχημέναις γενεαῖς	1	In the past ages	“In previous times” or “Until now”
ACT	14	16	vpt5	figs-metaphor	πορεύεσθαι ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν	1	to walk in their own ways	Walking in a way, or walking on a path, is a metaphor for living one’s life. Alternate translation: “to live their lives the way they wanted to” or “to do whatever they wanted to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	14	17	fw2s			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul and Barnabas continue speaking to the crowd outside the city of Lystra ([Acts 14:8](../14/08.md)).
ACT	14	17	kig8	figs-litotes	οὐκ ἀμάρτυρον αὑτὸν ἀφῆκεν	1	he did not leave himself without witness	This could also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “God has certainly left a witness” or “God has indeed testified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
ACT	14	17	s3qn		ἀγαθουργῶν	1	in that he did good	“as shown by the fact that”
ACT	14	17	ps9z	figs-metonymy	ἐμπιπλῶν τροφῆς καὶ εὐφροσύνης τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν	1	filling your hearts with food and gladness	Here “you hearts” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “giving you enough to eat and things about which to be happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	14	18	ut73		μόλις κατέπαυσαν τοὺς ὄχλους τοῦ μὴ θύειν αὐτοῖς	1	Paul and Barnabas barely kept the multitudes from sacrificing to them	Paul and Barnabas stopped the multitude from sacrificing to them, but it was difficult to do so.
ACT	14	18	la43		μόλις κατέπαυσαν	1	barely kept	“had difficulty preventing”
ACT	14	19	bz7k			0	General Information:	Here the words “he” and “him” refer to Paul.
ACT	14	19	wmc2	figs-explicit	πείσαντες τοὺς ὄχλους	1	persuaded the crowds	It my be helpful to explicitly state what they persuaded the crowd to do. Alternate translation: “persuaded the people not to believe Paul and Barnabas, and to turn against them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	14	19	xbv3		τοὺς ὄχλους	1	the crowds	This may not be the same group as the “multitude” in the previous verse. Some time had passed, and this might be a different group that gathered together.
ACT	14	19	t8mg		νομίζοντες αὐτὸν τεθνηκέναι	1	thinking that he was dead	“because they thought that he was already dead”
ACT	14	20	pan3		τῶν μαθητῶν	1	the disciples	These were new believers in the city of Lystra.
ACT	14	20	aqx3		εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὴν πόλιν	1	entered the city	“Paul re-entered Lystra with the believers”
ACT	14	20	e2y9		ἐξῆλθεν σὺν τῷ Βαρναβᾷ εἰς Δέρβην	1	he went to Derbe with Barnabas	“Paul and Barnabas went to the city of Derbe”
ACT	14	21	wv7e	figs-inclusive		0	General Information:	Here the words “they” and “They” refer to Paul. Here the word “We” includes Paul, Barnabas, and the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
ACT	14	21	ykt4		τὴν πόλιν ἐκείνην	1	that city	“Derbe” ([Acts 14:20](../14/20.md))
ACT	14	22	ek9l	figs-synecdoche	ἐπιστηρίζοντες τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν μαθητῶν	1	They kept strengthening the souls of the disciples	Here “souls” refers to the disciples. This emphasizes their inner thoughts and beliefs. Alternate translation: “Paul and Barnabas urged the believers to continue to believe the message about Jesus” or “Paul and Barnabas urged the believers to continue to grow strong in their relationship with Jesus (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	14	22	zkd2		παρακαλοῦντες ἐμμένειν τῇ πίστει	1	encouraging them to continue in the faith	“encouraging the believers to keep trusting in Jesus”
ACT	14	22	d9ic	writing-quotations	καὶ ὅτι διὰ πολλῶν θλίψεων, δεῖ ἡμᾶς εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	saying, “We must enter into the kingdom of God through many sufferings.”	Some version translate this as an indirect quote, “saying that we must enter into the kingdom of God through many sufferings.” The word “we” here includes Luke and the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
ACT	14	22	wu1c	figs-inclusive	δεῖ ἡμᾶς εἰσελθεῖν	1	We must enter	Paul includes his hearers, so the word “we” is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
ACT	14	23	pk5l			0	General Information:	Except for the third use of the word “they” which refers to the people that Paul and Barnabas had led to the Lord, all the words “they” here refer to Paul and Barnabas.
ACT	14	23	mqp9		χειροτονήσαντες δὲ αὐτοῖς κατ’ ἐκκλησίαν πρεσβυτέρους	1	When they had appointed for them elders in every church	“When Paul and Barnabas had appointed leaders in each new group of believers”
ACT	14	23	nd87		παρέθεντο αὐτοὺς	1	they entrusted them	Possible meanings are (1) “Paul and Barnabas entrusted the elders they had appointed” or (2) “Paul and Barnabas entrusted the leaders and other believers”
ACT	14	23	ls62		εἰς ὃν πεπιστεύκεισαν	1	in whom they had believed	Who “they” refers to depends on your choice for the meaning of “them” in the previous note (either elders or leaders and other believers).
ACT	14	25	t513	figs-metonymy	καὶ λαλήσαντες ἐν Πέργῃ τὸν λόγον	1	When they had spoken the word in Perga	“Word” here is a metonym for “message of God.” Alternate translation: “(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	14	25	h8sh		κατέβησαν εἰς Ἀττάλιαν	1	went down to Attalia	The phrase “went down” is used here because Attalia is lower in elevation than Perga.
ACT	14	26	f2cg		ὅθεν ἦσαν παραδεδομένοι τῇ χάριτι τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	where they had been committed to the grace of God	This can be stated in the active form. Alternate translation: “where believers and leaders in Antioch had committed Paul and Barnabas to the grace of God” or “where the people of Antioch prayed that God would care for and protect Paul and Barnabas”
ACT	14	27	vcd3			0	General Information:	Here the words “they,” “them,” and “They” refer to Paul and Barnabas. The word “he” refers to God.
ACT	14	27	i9dv		συναγαγόντες τὴν ἐκκλησίαν	1	gathered the church together	“called the local believers to meet together”
ACT	14	27	b4id	figs-metaphor	ἤνοιξεν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν θύραν πίστεως	1	he had opened a door of faith for the Gentiles	God’s enabling the Gentiles to believe is spoken of as if he had opened a door that had prevented them from entering into faith. Alternate translation: “God had made it possible for the Gentiles to believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	14	28	abcq	figs-litotes	χρόνον οὐκ ὀλίγον	1	for not a little time	This phrase is a litotes. The words **not** and **a little** together mean ‘a lot.’ Alternate translation: “for a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
ACT	15	intro	h917			0		# Acts 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 15:16-17.<br><br>The meeting that Luke describes in this chapter is commonly called the “Jerusalem Council.” This was a time when many church leaders got together to decide if believers needed to obey the whole law of Moses.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Brothers<br><br>In this chapter Luke begins to use the word “brothers” to refer to fellow Christians instead of fellow Jews.<br><br>### Obeying the law of Moses<br><br>Some believers wanted the Gentiles to be circumcised because God had told Abraham and Moses that everyone who wanted to belong to him had to be circumcised and that this was a law that would always exist. But Paul and Barnabas had seen God give uncircumcised Gentiles the gift of the Holy Spirit, so they did not want the Gentiles to be circumcised. Both groups went to Jerusalem to have the church leaders decide what they should do.<br><br>### “Abstain from things sacrificed to idols, blood, things strangled, and from sexual immorality”<br><br>It is possible that the church leaders decided on these laws so that Jews and Gentiles could not only live together but eat the same foods together.
ACT	15	1	qck6			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul and Barnabas are still in Antioch when there is a dispute about the Gentiles and circumcision.
ACT	15	1	su66	figs-explicit	τινες	1	Some men	“Some men.” You can make explicit that these men were Jews who believed in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	15	1	p3k9		κατελθόντες ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαίας	1	came down from Judea	The phrase “came down” is used here because Judea is higher in elevation than Antioch.
ACT	15	1	zi1n	figs-explicit	ἐδίδασκον τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς	1	taught the brothers	Here “brothers” stands for believers in Christ. It is implied that they were in Antioch. Alternate translation: “taught the believers at Antioch” or “were teaching the believers at Antioch” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	15	1	pm8h	figs-activepassive	ἐὰν μὴ περιτμηθῆτε τῷ ἔθει τῷ Μωϋσέως, οὐ δύνασθε σωθῆναι	1	Unless you are circumcised according to the custom of Moses, you cannot be saved	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Unless someone circumcises you according to the custom of Moses, God cannot save you” or “God will not save you from your sins unless you receive circumcision according to the law of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	15	2	abcr	figs-litotes	στάσεως καὶ ζητήσεως οὐκ ὀλίγης	1	had not a little dispute and debate	This phrase is a litotes. The words **not** and **a little** together mean ‘a lot.’ Alternate translation: “a sharp dispute and debate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
ACT	15	2	f9nd	figs-abstractnouns	γενομένης…στάσεως καὶ ζητήσεως οὐκ ὀλίγης	1	had not a little dispute and debate	The abstract nouns “dispute” and “debate” can be stated as verbs and where the men came from can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “strongly confronted and debated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	15	2	ek6a		ἀναβαίνειν…εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ	1	go up to Jerusalem	Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem.
ACT	15	2	z983		τοῦ ζητήματος τούτου	1	this question	“this issue”
ACT	15	3	h2mw			0	General Information:	Here the words “They,” “they,” and “them” refer to Paul, Barnabas, and certain others ([Acts 15:2](../15/02.md)).
ACT	15	3	av5y	figs-activepassive	οἱ μὲν οὖν προπεμφθέντες ὑπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας	1	They therefore, being sent by the church	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Therefore the community of believers sent them from Antioch to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	15	3	aia5	figs-metonymy	προπεμφθέντες ὑπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας	1	being sent by the church	Here “church” stands for the people that were a part of the church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	15	3	i5kd		διήρχοντο τήν τε Φοινίκην καὶ Σαμάρειαν, ἐκδιηγούμενοι	1	passed through…announced	The words “passed through” and “announced” indicate they spent some time in different places sharing in detail what God was doing.
ACT	15	3	rk37	figs-abstractnouns	ἐκδιηγούμενοι τὴν ἐπιστροφὴν τῶν ἐθνῶν	1	announced the conversion of the Gentiles	The abstract noun “conversion” means the Gentiles were rejecting their false gods and believing in God. Alternate translation: “announced to the community of believers in those places that Gentiles were believing in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	15	3	nje7	figs-metaphor	ἐποίουν χαρὰν μεγάλην πᾶσι τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς	1	They brought great joy to all the brothers	Their message causing the brothers to be joyful is spoken of as if “joy” were an object that they brought to the brothers. Alternate translation: “What they said caused their fellow believers to rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	15	3	bbd4		τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς	1	the brothers	Here “brothers” refers to fellow believers.
ACT	15	4	ej1r	figs-activepassive	παρεδέχθησαν ὑπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας, καὶ τῶν ἀποστόλων, καὶ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων	1	they were welcomed by the church and the apostles and the elders	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the apostles, the elders, and the rest of the community of believers welcomed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	15	4	a2x1		μετ’ αὐτῶν	1	with them	“through them”
ACT	15	5	efe5			0	General Information:	Here the word “them” refers to non-Jewish believers who were not circumcised and did not keep the Old Testament laws of God.
ACT	15	5	f2b5			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul and Barnabas are now in Jerusalem to meet with the apostles and elders there.
ACT	15	5	k6k7		δέ τινες	1	But certain men	Here Luke contrasts those who believe that salvation is only in Jesus to others who believe salvation is by Jesus yet also believe that circumcision is required for salvation.
ACT	15	5	b9nt		τηρεῖν τὸν νόμον Μωϋσέως	1	to keep the law of Moses	“to obey the law of Moses”
ACT	15	6	ugu6		ἰδεῖν περὶ τοῦ λόγου τούτου	1	to consider this matter	The church leaders decided to discuss whether or not Gentiles needed to be circumcised and obey the law of Moses in order for God to save them from their sins.
ACT	15	7	wct8	figs-you		0	General Information:	The first word “them” refers to apostles and elders ([Acts 15:6](../15/06.md)) and the other words “them” and “their” refer to the believing Gentiles. Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the apostles and elders present. The word “he” refers to God. Here “us” is plural and refers to Peter, the apostles and elders, and all Jewish believers in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
ACT	15	7	hxu9			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter begins to speak to the apostles and elders who met to discuss whether Gentiles had to receive circumcision and keep the law ([Acts 15:5-6](./05.md)).
ACT	15	7	a6q9		ἀδελφοί	1	Brothers	Peter is addressing all of the believers who were present.
ACT	15	7	s3wb	figs-synecdoche	διὰ τοῦ στόματός μου	1	by my mouth	Here “mouth” refers to Peter. Alternate translation: “from me” or “by me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	15	7	yer1		ἀκοῦσαι τὰ ἔθνη	1	the Gentiles should hear	“the Gentiles would hear”
ACT	15	7	b5s8	figs-metonymy	τὸν λόγον τοῦ εὐαγγελίου	1	the word of the gospel	Here “word” stands for a message. Alternate translation: “the message about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	15	8	m1xc	figs-metonymy	ὁ καρδιογνώστης	1	who knows the heart	Here “heart” refers to the “minds” or “inner beings.” Alternate translation: “who knows the people’s minds” or “who knows what people think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	15	8	p6d2		ἐμαρτύρησεν αὐτοῖς	1	witnesses to them	“witnesses to the Gentiles”
ACT	15	8	i1gc		δοὺς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον	1	giving them the Holy Spirit	“causing the Holy Spirit to come upon them”
ACT	15	8	abcs	figs-ellipsis	καθὼς καὶ ἡμῖν	1	just as also to us	Here Luke expects his readers to understand the words ‘he gave’ that he leaves out. Alternate translation: “just as he also gave to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ACT	15	9	zs2g		οὐδὲν διέκρινεν	1	made no distinction	God did not treat Jewish believers different from Gentile believers.
ACT	15	9	ase1	figs-metaphor	τῇ πίστει καθαρίσας τὰς καρδίας αὐτῶν	1	making their hearts clean by faith	God’s forgiving the Gentile believers’ sins is spoken as though he literally cleaned their hearts. Here “heart” stands for the person’s inner being. Alternate translation: “forgiving their sins because they believed in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	15	10	ha45	figs-inclusive		0	General Information:	Peter includes his audience by his use of “our” and “we.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
ACT	15	10	wjq7			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter finishes speaking to the apostles and elders.
ACT	15	10	rfr4		νῦν	1	Now	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
ACT	15	10	zaz6	figs-rquestion	τί πειράζετε τὸν Θεόν, ἐπιθεῖναι ζυγὸν ἐπὶ τὸν τράχηλον τῶν μαθητῶν, ὃν οὔτε οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν οὔτε ἡμεῖς ἰσχύσαμεν βαστάσαι	1	why do you test God, that you should put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear?	Peter uses a question with a word picture to tell the Jewish believers they should not require the non-Jewish believers to perform circumcision to be saved. Alternate translation: “Do not test God by putting a burden on the non-Jewish believers which we Jews were not able to bear!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	15	10	bfd5		οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν	1	our fathers	This refers to their Jewish ancestors.
ACT	15	11	q28c	figs-activepassive	ἀλλὰ διὰ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ, πιστεύομεν σωθῆναι καθ’ ὃν τρόπον κἀκεῖνοι	1	But we believe that we shall be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, just as they were	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But we believe the Lord Jesus shall save us by his grace, just as he saved the non-Jewish believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	15	12	um1p			0	General Information:	Here the word “them” refers to Paul and Barnabas.
ACT	15	12	d1uc		πᾶν τὸ πλῆθος	1	All the multitude	“Everyone” or “The whole group” ([Acts 15:6](../15/06.md))
ACT	15	12	uks6		ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς	1	God had worked	“God had done” or “God had caused”
ACT	15	13	vb25			0	General Information:	Here the word “they” refers to Paul and Barnabas ([Acts 15:12](../15/12.md)).
ACT	15	13	l7mp			0	Connecting Statement:	James begins to speak to the apostles and elders ([Acts 15:6](../15/06.md)).
ACT	15	13	pl6m		ἀδελφοί, ἀκούσατέ	1	Brothers, listen	“Fellow believers, listen.” James was probably speaking only to men.
ACT	15	14	abct		ἐπεσκέψατο, λαβεῖν ἐξ ἐθνῶν	1	visited them to take from the Gentiles	“graciously helped the Gentiles by taking out of them”
ACT	15	14	s9dn		λαβεῖν ἐξ ἐθνῶν λαὸν	1	to take from them a people	“so that he might choose from among them a people”
ACT	15	14	pnr9	figs-metonymy	τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ	1	for his name	“for God’s name.” Here “name” refers to God. Alternate translation: “for himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	15	15	h9um			0	General Information:	Here “I” refers to God who spoke through the words of his prophet.
ACT	15	15	ibb2			0	Connecting Statement:	James quotes the prophet Amos from the Old Testament.
ACT	15	15	am6y	figs-metonymy	συμφωνοῦσιν οἱ λόγοι τῶν προφητῶν	1	The words of the prophets agree	Here “words” stands for a message. Alternate translation: “What the prophets said agrees” or “The prophets agree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	15	15	nbi1		τούτῳ συμφωνοῦσιν	1	agree with this	“confirm this truth”
ACT	15	15	j4f5	figs-activepassive	καθὼς γέγραπται	1	as it is written	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “as they wrote” or “as the prophet Amos wrote long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	15	16	f5wf	figs-metaphor	ἀνοικοδομήσω τὴν σκηνὴν Δαυεὶδ τὴν πεπτωκυῖαν, καὶ τὰ κατεστραμμένα αὐτῆς, ἀνοικοδομήσω καὶ ἀνορθώσω αὐτήν	1	I will build again the tent of David, which has fallen down…its ruins again	This speaks of God’s again choosing one of David’s descendants to rule over his people as though he were setting up a tent again after it fell down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	15	16	ist8	figs-metonymy	σκηνὴν	1	tent	Here “tent” stands for David’s family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	15	17	sm79	figs-metaphor	ἐκζητήσωσιν οἱ κατάλοιποι τῶν ἀνθρώπων τὸν Κύριον	1	the remnant of men may seek the Lord	This speaks about people wanting to obey God and learn more about him as if they were literally looking for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	15	17	hkw1	figs-gendernotations	κατάλοιποι τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	remnant of men	Here “men” includes males and females. Alternate translation: “remnant of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
ACT	15	17	pe4l	figs-123person	ἐκζητήσωσιν…τὸν Κύριον	1	may seek the Lord	God is speaking about himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “may seek me, the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ACT	15	17	tu21	figs-activepassive	καὶ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, ἐφ’ οὓς ἐπικέκληται τὸ ὄνομά μου ἐπ’ αὐτούς	1	including all the Gentiles called by my name	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “including all the Gentiles who belong to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	15	17	c8gm	figs-metonymy	τὸ ὄνομά μου	1	my name	Here “my name” stands for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	15	18	tr27	figs-activepassive	γνωστὰ	1	that have been known	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that people have known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	15	19	g3zx	figs-inclusive		0	General Information:	Here “we” includes James, the apostles, and the elders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
ACT	15	19	f6za			0	Connecting Statement:	James finishes speaking to the apostles and elders. (See: [Acts 15:2](../15/02.md) and [Acts 15:13](./13.md))
ACT	15	19	pyb9	figs-explicit	μὴ παρενοχλεῖν τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν	1	we should not trouble those of the Gentiles	You can make explicit in what way James does not want to trouble the Gentiles. Alternate translation: “we should not require the Gentiles to become circumcised and obey the laws of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	15	19	vr6u	figs-metaphor	ἐπιστρέφουσιν ἐπὶ τὸν Θεόν	1	who turn to God	A person who starts obeying God is spoken of as if the person is physically turning towards God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	15	20	wx8f		ἀπέχεσθαι τῶν ἀλισγημάτων τῶν εἰδώλων, καὶ τῆς πορνείας, καὶ τοῦ πνικτοῦ, καὶ τοῦ αἵματος	1	they must keep away from the pollution of idols…sexual immorality…strangled…blood	Sexual immorality, strangling animals, and consuming blood were often part of ceremonies to worship idols and false gods.
ACT	15	20	n6f2	figs-explicit	ἀλισγημάτων τῶν εἰδώλων	1	pollution of idols	This possibly refers to eating the meat of an animal that someone has sacrificed to an idol or to anything to do with idol worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	15	20	j2rl	figs-explicit	τοῦ πνικτοῦ, καὶ τοῦ αἵματος	1	from the meat of strangled animals, and from blood	God did not allow Jews to eat meat that still had the blood in it. Also, even earlier in Moses’ writings in Genesis, God had forbidden the drinking of blood. Therefore, they could not eat an animal that someone strangled because the blood was not properly drained from the body of the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	15	21	si1h	figs-explicit	Μωϋσῆς γὰρ ἐκ γενεῶν ἀρχαίων κατὰ πόλιν τοὺς κηρύσσοντας αὐτὸν, ἔχει ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς κατὰ πᾶν Σάββατον ἀναγινωσκόμενος.	1	Moses has been proclaimed in every city…and he is read in the synagogues every Sabbath	James is implying that Gentiles know how important these rules are because Jews preach them in every city where there is a synagogue. It also implies the Gentiles can go to the teachers from the synagogues to learn more about these rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	15	21	zd7t	figs-metonymy	Μωϋσῆς…τοὺς κηρύσσοντας	1	Moses has been proclaimed	Here “Moses” represents the law of Moses. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The law of Moses has been proclaimed” or “Jews have taught the law of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	15	21	xg5n	figs-hyperbole	κατὰ πόλιν	1	in every city	The word “every” here is a generalization. Alternate translation: “in many cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	15	21	pbm5	figs-metonymy	ἀναγινωσκόμενος	1	and he is read	Here “he” refers to Moses, whose name here represents his law. Alternate translation: “and the law is read” or “and they read the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	15	22	rhn3			0	General Information:	Here the word “them” refers to Judas and Silas. The word “They” refers to the apostles, elders, and other believers of the church in Jerusalem.
ACT	15	22	hp6j	figs-explicit	ὅλῃ τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ	1	the whole church	Here “church” refers to the people who are a part of the church in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the church in Jerusalem” or “the whole community of believers in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	15	22	c711	translate-names	Ἰούδαν τὸν καλούμενον Βαρσαββᾶν	1	Judas called Barsabbas	This is the name of a man. “Barsabbas” is a second name that people called him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	15	23	e4g2		οἱ ἀπόστολοι καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι, ἀδελφοὶ, τοῖς κατὰ τὴν Ἀντιόχειαν, καὶ Συρίαν, καὶ Κιλικίαν, ἀδελφοῖς τοῖς ἐξ ἐθνῶν, χαίρειν	1	From the apostles and elders, your brothers, to the Gentile brothers in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia: Greetings!	This is the introduction of the letter. Your language may have a way of introducing the author of the letter and to whom it is written. Alternate translation: “This letter is from your brothers, the apostles and elders. We are writing to you Gentile believers in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia. Greetings to you” or “To our Gentile brothers in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia. Greetings from the apostles and elders, your brothers”
ACT	15	23	kp51		ἀδελφοὶ, τοῖς κατὰ τὴν Ἀντιόχειαν	1	your brothers…the Gentile brothers	Here the word “brothers” refers to fellow believers. By using these words, the apostles and elders assure the Gentile believers that they accept them as fellow believers.
ACT	15	23	php8	translate-names	Κιλικίαν	1	Cilicia	This is the name of a province on the coast in Asia Minor north of the Island of Cyprus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	15	24	g8m9	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here all instances of “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to the believers in the church in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [Acts 15:22](../15/22.md))
ACT	15	24	p1tl		ὅτι τινὲς	1	that certain men	“that some men”
ACT	15	24	kh16		οἷς οὐ διεστειλάμεθα	1	with no orders from us	“even though we gave no orders for them to go”
ACT	15	24	bxq8	figs-synecdoche	ἐτάραξαν ὑμᾶς λόγοις ἀνασκευάζοντες τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν	1	disturbed you with teachings that upset your souls	Here “souls” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “have taught things that have troubled you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	15	25	c3dl		ἐκλεξαμένοις ἄνδρας	1	to choose men	The men they sent were Judas called Barsabbas and Silas ([Acts 15:22](../15/22.md)).
ACT	15	26	t7vw	figs-metonymy	τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ	Here “name” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “because they believe in our Lord Jesus Christ” or “because they serve our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	15	27	j1jb	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the words “We” and “us” refer to the leaders and believers in the church in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [Acts 15:22](../15/22.md))
ACT	15	27	v2ee			0	Connecting Statement:	This concludes the letter from the Jerusalem church to the Gentile believers in Antioch.
ACT	15	27	xw8l	figs-explicit	αὐτοὺς διὰ λόγου ἀπαγγέλλοντας τὰ αὐτά	1	who will tell you the same thing themselves in their own words	This phrase emphasizes that Judas and Silas will say the same things that the apostles and elders had written. Alternate translation: “who themselves will tell you the same things about which we have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	15	28	l9z6	figs-metaphor	μηδὲν πλέον ἐπιτίθεσθαι ὑμῖν βάρος, πλὴν τούτων τῶν ἐπάναγκες	1	to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things	This speaks about laws that people need to obey as if they were objects that people carry on their shoulders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	15	29	nt7s		εἰδωλοθύτων	1	from things sacrificed to idols	This means they are not allowed to eat the meat of an animal that someone sacrifices to an idol.
ACT	15	29	vcc6	figs-explicit	αἵματος	1	blood	This refers to drinking blood or eating meat from which the blood has not been drained. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	15	29	rt55		πνικτῶν	1	things strangled	A strangled animal was killed but its blood was not drained.
ACT	15	29	buy9		ἔρρωσθε	1	Farewell	This announces the end of the letter. Alternate translation: “Goodbye”
ACT	15	30	khi8			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul, Barnabas, Judas, and Silas leave for Antioch.
ACT	15	30	c3uk		οἱ μὲν οὖν ἀπολυθέντες, κατῆλθον εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν	1	So they, when they were dismissed, came down to Antioch	The word “they” refers to Paul, Barnabas, Judas, and Silas. Alternate translation: “So when the four men were dismissed, they came down to Antioch”
ACT	15	30	usz6	figs-activepassive	ἀπολυθέντες	1	when they were dismissed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the apostles and elders dismissed the four men” or “when the believers in Jerusalem sent them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	15	30	t55a		κατῆλθον εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν	1	came down to Antioch	The phrase “came down” is used here because Antioch is lower in elevation than Jerusalem.
ACT	15	31	k1mr		ἀναγνόντες…ἐχάρησαν	1	they rejoiced	“the believers in Antioch rejoiced”
ACT	15	31	e4gf	figs-abstractnouns	ἐπὶ τῇ παρακλήσει	1	because of the encouragement	The abstract noun “encouragement” can be expressed with the verb “encourage.” Alternate translation: “because what the apostles and elders wrote encouraged them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	15	32	r65l		καὶ…προφῆται	1	also prophets	Prophets were teachers authorized by God to speak for him. Alternate translation: “because they were prophets” or “who were also prophets”
ACT	15	32	e2en		τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς	1	the brothers	“the fellow believers”
ACT	15	32	j99g	figs-metaphor	ἐπεστήριξαν	1	strengthened them	Helping someone to depend even more on Jesus is spoken of as if they were making them physically stronger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	15	33	y2ls			0	Connecting Statement:	Judas and Silas return to Jerusalem while Paul and Barnabas remain in Antioch.
ACT	15	33	v7pj	figs-metaphor	ποιήσαντες δὲ χρόνον	1	After they had spent some time there	This speaks about time as if it were a commodity that a person could spend. The word “they” refers to Judas and Silas. Alternate translation: “After they stayed there for a while” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	15	33	v6im	figs-activepassive	ἀπελύθησαν μετ’ εἰρήνης ἀπὸ τῶν ἀδελφῶν	1	they were sent away in peace from the brothers	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the brothers sent Judas and Silas back in peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	15	33	wzw4		τῶν ἀδελφῶν	1	the brothers	This refers to the believers in Antioch.
ACT	15	33	xv3h		πρὸς τοὺς ἀποστείλαντας αὐτούς	1	to those who had sent them	“to the believers in Jerusalem who sent Judas and Silas” ([Acts 15:22](../15/22.md))
ACT	15	35	e7s4	figs-metonymy	τὸν λόγον τοῦ Κυρίου	1	the word of the Lord	Here “word” stands for a message. Alternate translation: “the message about the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	15	36	k6c6			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul and Barnabas go on separate journeys.
ACT	15	36	i1n5		ἐπιστρέψαντες δὴ	1	Let us return now	“I suggest we now return”
ACT	15	36	ib2j		ἐπισκεψώμεθα τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς	1	visit the brothers	“care for the brothers” or “offer to help the believers”
ACT	15	36	ua1f	figs-metonymy	τὸν λόγον τοῦ Κυρίου	1	the word of the Lord	Here “word” stands for the message. Alternate translation: “the message about the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	15	36	y9i9		πῶς ἔχουσιν	1	see how they are	“learn how they are doing.” They want to learn about the current condition of the brothers and how they are holding on to God’s truth.
ACT	15	37	s635		συνπαραλαβεῖν καὶ τὸν Ἰωάννην, τὸν καλούμενον Μᾶρκον	1	to also take with them John who was called Mark	“to take John, who was also called Mark”
ACT	15	38	a5nn	figs-litotes	Παῦλος…ἠξίου…μὴ…συνπαραλαμβάνειν τοῦτον	1	Paul thought it was not good to take Mark	The words “not good” are used to say the opposite of good. Alternate translation: “Paul thought that taking Mark would be bad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
ACT	15	38	ht3k		Παμφυλίας	1	Pamphylia	This was a province in Asia Minor. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:10](../02/10.md).
ACT	15	38	ln7w		μὴ συνελθόντα αὐτοῖς εἰς τὸ ἔργον	1	did not go further with them in the work	“did not continue to work with them then” or “did not continue to serve with them”
ACT	15	39	bb8w			0	General Information:	Here the word “they” refers to Barnabas and Paul.
ACT	15	39	u97a	figs-abstractnouns	ἐγένετο δὲ παροξυσμὸς	1	Then there arose a sharp disagreement	The abstract noun “disagreement” can be stated as the verb “disagree.” Alternate translation: “They strongly disagreed with each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	15	40	l2uq	figs-activepassive	παραδοθεὶς τῇ χάριτι τοῦ Κυρίου ὑπὸ τῶν ἀδελφῶν	1	after he was entrusted by the brothers to the grace of the Lord	To entrust to someone means to place the care and responsibility for someone or something to another person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “after the believers in Antioch entrusted Paul to the grace of the Lord” or “after the believers in Antioch prayed for the Lord to take care of Paul and show kindness to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	15	41	e3ym	figs-explicit	διήρχετο	1	he went	The previous sentence implies that Silas was with Paul. Alternate translation: “they went” or “Paul and Silas went” or “Paul took Silas and went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	15	41	t81z		διήρχετο…τὴν Συρίαν καὶ τὴν Κιλικίαν	1	went through Syria and Cilicia	These are provinces or areas in Asia Minor, near the island of Cyprus.
ACT	15	41	tbv3	figs-metaphor	ἐπιστηρίζων τὰς ἐκκλησίας	1	strengthening the churches	Encouraging the believers in the churches is spoken of as though Paul and Silas were making the believers physically stronger. The word “churches” refers to the groups of believers in Syria and Cilicia. Alternate translation: “encouraging the believers in the churches” or “helping the community of believers to depend even more in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	16	intro	e7z2			0		# Acts 16 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Timothy’s circumcision<br><br>Paul circumcised Timothy because they were telling the message of Jesus to Jews and Gentiles. Paul wanted the Jews to know that he respected the law of Moses even though the church leaders in Jerusalem had decided that Christians did not need to be circumcised..<br><br>### The woman who had a spirit of divination<br><br>Most people want very much to know the future, but the law of Moses said that speaking with the spirits of dead people to learn about the future is a sin. This woman seems to have been able to tell the future very well. She was a slave, and her masters made much money from her work. Paul wanted her to stop sinning, so he told the spirit to leave her. Luke does not say that she began to follow Jesus or tell us anything more about her.
ACT	16	1	l2b1			0	General Information:	The first, third, and fourth instances of the word “him” refer to Timothy. The second “him” refers to Paul.
ACT	16	1	f49m	writing-background		0		This continues the missionary journeys of Paul with Silas. Timothy is introduced into the story and joins Paul and Silas. Verses 1 and 2 give background information about Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	16	1	km5q	figs-go	κατήντησεν…καὶ	1	Paul also came	Here “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
ACT	16	1	d4ka		Δέρβην	1	Derbe	This is the name of a city in Asia Minor. See how you translated it in [Acts 14:6](../14/06.md).
ACT	16	1	u3vr		ἰδοὺ	1	behold	The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the narrative. Your language may have a way of doing this.
ACT	16	1	wxl8	figs-ellipsis	πιστῆς	1	who believed	The words “in Christ” are understood. Alternate translation: “who believed in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ACT	16	2	t1lu	figs-activepassive	ὃς ἐμαρτυρεῖτο ὑπὸ τῶν…ἀδελφῶν	1	He was well spoken of by the brothers	This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “The brothers spoke well of him” or “Timothy had a good reputation among the brothers” or “The brothers said good things about him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	16	2	rez2		ὑπὸ τῶν…ἀδελφῶν	1	by the brothers	Here “brothers” refers to believers. Alternate translation: “by the believers”
ACT	16	3	p6z8		περιέτεμεν αὐτὸν	1	circumcised him	It is possible that Paul himself circumcised Timothy, but it is more likely that he had someone else circumcise Timothy.
ACT	16	3	za93		διὰ τοὺς Ἰουδαίους τοὺς ὄντας ἐν τοῖς τόποις ἐκείνοις	1	because of the Jews that were in those places	“because of the Jews living in the areas where Paul and Timothy would be traveling”
ACT	16	3	hk2l	figs-explicit	ᾔδεισαν γὰρ ἅπαντες, ὅτι Ἕλλην ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ὑπῆρχεν	1	for they all knew that his father was a Greek	Since Greek men did not have their sons circumcised, the Jews would have known Timothy was not circumcised, and they would have rejected Paul and Timothy before hearing their message about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	16	4	n46i			0	General Information:	The word “they” here refers to Paul, Silas ([Acts 15:40](../15/40.md)), and Timothy ([Acts 16:3](./03.md)).
ACT	16	4	bu6r		αὐτοῖς φυλάσσειν	1	for them to obey	“for the church members to obey” or “for the believers to obey”
ACT	16	4	gpi3	figs-activepassive	τὰ κεκριμένα ὑπὸ τῶν ἀποστόλων καὶ πρεσβυτέρων τῶν ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις	1	that had been written by the apostles and elders in Jerusalem	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the apostles and elders in Jerusalem had written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	16	5	q8v9	figs-activepassive	αἱ…ἐκκλησίαι ἐστερεοῦντο τῇ πίστει, καὶ ἐπερίσσευον τῷ ἀριθμῷ καθ’ ἡμέραν	1	the churches were strengthened in the faith and increased in number daily	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The believers became stronger in their faith, and there were more and more people becoming believers every day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	16	5	lv4f	figs-metaphor	αἱ…ἐκκλησίαι ἐστερεοῦντο τῇ πίστει	1	the churches were strengthened in the faith	This speaks of helping someone to believe more confidently as if it were making them physically stronger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	16	6	g97e		τὴν Φρυγίαν	1	Phrygia	This is a region in Asia. See how you translated this name in [Acts 2:10](../02/10.md).
ACT	16	6	ue3k	figs-activepassive	κωλυθέντες ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος	1	they had been forbidden by the Holy Spirit	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit had forbidden them” or “the Holy Spirit did not permit them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	16	6	h4u4	figs-metonymy	τὸν λόγον	1	the word	Here “word” stands for “message.” Alternate translation: “the message about Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	16	7	x1b1	figs-go	ἐλθόντες δὲ	1	When they came	Here “came” can be translated as “went” or “arrived.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
ACT	16	7	b1xq	translate-names	Μυσίαν…Βιθυνίαν	1	Mysia…Bithynia	These are two more regions in Asia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	16	7	b539		τὸ Πνεῦμα Ἰησοῦ	1	the Spirit of Jesus	“the Holy Spirit”
ACT	16	8	s6l1		κατέβησαν εἰς Τρῳάδα	1	they came down to the city of Troas	The phrase “came down” is used here because Troas is lower in elevation than Mysia.
ACT	16	8	xq6n	figs-go	κατέβησαν	1	they came down	Here “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
ACT	16	9	t6v2		ὅραμα…τῷ Παύλῳ ὤφθη	1	A vision appeared to Paul	“Paul saw a vision from God” or “Paul had a vision from God”
ACT	16	9	hq8e		παρακαλῶν αὐτὸν	1	calling him	“begging him” or “inviting him”
ACT	16	9	cm2u		διαβὰς εἰς Μακεδονίαν	1	Come over into Macedonia	The phrase “Come over” is used because Macedonia is across the sea from Troas.
ACT	16	10	fg5h		ἐζητήσαμεν ἐξελθεῖν εἰς Μακεδονίαν, συμβιβάζοντες ὅτι προσκέκληται ἡμᾶς ὁ Θεὸς εὐαγγελίσασθαι αὐτούς	1	we set out to go to Macedonia…God had called us	Here the words “we” and “us” refer to Paul and his companions including Luke, the author of Acts.
ACT	16	11	m2p5			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul and his companions are now in Philippi on their missionary trip. Verse 13 begins the story of Lydia. This short story happens during Paul’s travels.
ACT	16	11	q2pr	translate-names	Σαμοθρᾴκην…Νέαν Πόλιν	1	Samothrace…Neapolis	These are coastal cities near Phillipi in Macedonia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	16	11	yy6z	figs-go	εἰς Νέαν Πόλιν	1	we came to Neapolis	Here “came to” can be translated as “went to” or “arrived at.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
ACT	16	12	tl9f	figs-explicit	κολωνία	1	a Roman colony	This is a city outside of Italy where many people who came from Rome lived. The people there had the same rights and freedoms as people who lived in cities in Italy. They could govern themselves and they did not have to pay taxes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	16	14	x8bp			0	Connecting Statement:	This ends the story of Lydia.
ACT	16	14	n952	writing-participants	τις γυνὴ ὀνόματι Λυδία	1	A certain woman named Lydia	Here “A certain woman” introduces a new person in the story. Alternate translation: “There was a woman named Lydia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
ACT	16	14	qj86	figs-ellipsis	πορφυρόπωλις	1	a seller of purple	Here “cloth” is understood. Alternate translation: “a merchant who sold purple cloth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ACT	16	14	c6n8	translate-names	Θυατείρων	1	Thyatira	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	16	14	cyk3		σεβομένη τὸν Θεόν	1	worshiped God	A worshiper of God is a Gentile who gives praise to God and follows him, but does not obey all of the Jewish laws.
ACT	16	14	rd4r	figs-metaphor	ἧς ὁ Κύριος διήνοιξεν τὴν καρδίαν, προσέχειν	1	The Lord opened her heart to pay attention	For the Lord to cause someone to pay attention and believe a message is spoken of as if he were opening a person’s heart. Alternate translation: “The Lord caused her to listen well and to believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	16	14	s9ju	figs-metonymy	ἧς…διήνοιξεν τὴν καρδίαν	1	opened her heart	Here “heart” stands for a person’s mind. Also, the author speaks about the “heart” or “mind” as if it were a box that a person could open so it is ready for someone to fill it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	16	14	a74y	figs-activepassive	τοῖς λαλουμένοις ὑπὸ τοῦ Παύλου	1	what was said by Paul	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what Paul said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	16	15	g7e9	figs-activepassive	ὡς δὲ ἐβαπτίσθη καὶ ὁ οἶκος αὐτῆς	1	When she and her house were baptized	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When they baptized Lydia and members of her household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	16	15	s799	figs-metonymy	ὁ οἶκος αὐτῆς	1	her house	Here “house” represents the people who live in her house. Alternate translation: “the members of her household” or “her family and household servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	16	16	vyn4	writing-background		0	General Information:	Background information is given here to explain that this young fortune teller brought much financial gain to her masters by guessing people’s futures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	16	16	anc1			0	Connecting Statement:	This begins the first event in another short story during Paul’s travels; it is about a young fortune teller.
ACT	16	16	ufy4		ἐγένετο δὲ	1	It came about that	This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
ACT	16	16	y1gc	writing-participants	παιδίσκην τινὰ	1	a certain young woman	The phrase “a certain” introduces a new person to the story. Alternate translation: “there was a young woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
ACT	16	16	ymt9		πνεῦμα Πύθωνα	1	a spirit of divination	An evil spirit spoke to her often about the immediate future of people.
ACT	16	17	tni9	figs-metaphor	ὁδὸν σωτηρίας	1	the way of salvation	How a person can be saved is spoken of here as if it were a way or path that a person walks on. Alternate translation: “how God can save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	16	18	lj79	figs-activepassive	διαπονηθεὶς δὲ Παῦλος, καὶ ἐπιστρέψας	1	But Paul, being greatly annoyed by her, turned	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But she greatly annoyed Paul so he turned around” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	16	18	qi1k	figs-metonymy	ἐν ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	in the name of Jesus Christ	Here “name” stands for speaking with the authority or as the representative of Jesus Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	16	18	u4z8		ἐξῆλθεν αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ	1	it came out right away	“the spirit came out immediately”
ACT	16	19	m1y7		οἱ κύριοι αὐτῆς	1	her masters	“the owners of the slave girl”
ACT	16	19	r1a1	figs-explicit	ἰδόντες…οἱ κύριοι αὐτῆς, ὅτι ἐξῆλθεν ἡ ἐλπὶς τῆς ἐργασίας αὐτῶν	1	When her masters saw that their opportunity to make money was now gone	It can be stated clearly why they no longer hoped to make money. Alternate translation: “When her masters saw that she could no longer earn money for them by telling fortunes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	16	19	bws7		εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν	1	into the marketplace	“into the public square.” This is a public place of business, where buying and selling of goods, cattle, or services takes place.
ACT	16	19	hf82		ἐπὶ τοὺς ἄρχοντας	1	before the authorities	“into the presence of the authorities” or “so that the authorities could judge them”
ACT	16	20	d2rg		καὶ προσαγαγόντες αὐτοὺς τοῖς στρατηγοῖς	1	When they had brought them to the magistrates	“When they had brought them to the judges”
ACT	16	20	wa94		στρατηγοῖς	1	magistrates	rulers, judges
ACT	16	20	dkz2	figs-inclusive	οὗτοι οἱ ἄνθρωποι ἐκταράσσουσιν ἡμῶν τὴν πόλιν	1	These men are stirring up our city	Here the word “our” refers to the people of the city and includes the magistrates who ruled it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
ACT	16	21	gna6		παραδέχεσθαι οὐδὲ ποιεῖν	1	to accept or practice	“to believe or to obey” or “to accept or to do”
ACT	16	22	r1gr			0	General Information:	Here the words “their” and “them” refer to Paul and Silas. The word “they” here refers to soldiers.
ACT	16	22	at6i	figs-activepassive	ἐκέλευον ῥαβδίζειν	1	commanded them to be beaten with rods	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “commanded the soldiers to beat them with rods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	16	23	dsr3		πολλάς…ἐπιθέντες αὐτοῖς πληγὰς	1	had laid many blows upon them	“had hit them many times with rods”
ACT	16	23	y4mc		παραγγείλαντες τῷ δεσμοφύλακι ἀσφαλῶς τηρεῖν αὐτούς	1	commanded the jailer to keep them securely	“told the jailer to make sure they did not get out”
ACT	16	23	zkp7		δεσμοφύλακι	1	jailer	a person responsible for all the people held in the jail or prison
ACT	16	24	a79x		ὃς παραγγελίαν τοιαύτην λαβὼν	1	he got this command	“he heard this command”
ACT	16	24	rl8c		τοὺς πόδας ἠσφαλίσατο αὐτῶν εἰς τὸ ξύλον	1	fastened their feet in the stocks	“securely locked their feet in the stocks”
ACT	16	24	jug6		ξύλον	1	stocks	a piece of wood with holes for preventing a person’s feet from moving
ACT	16	25	rwu3			0	General Information:	The word “them” refers to Paul and Silas.
ACT	16	25	hme2			0	Connecting Statement:	This continues Paul and Silas’ time in Philippi in prison and tells what happens to their jailer.
ACT	16	26	q7z1	figs-activepassive	σεισμὸς…ὥστε σαλευθῆναι τὰ θεμέλια τοῦ δεσμωτηρίου	1	earthquake, so that the foundations of the prison were shaken	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “earthquake which shook the foundations of the prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	16	26	m4ye	figs-synecdoche	τὰ θεμέλια τοῦ δεσμωτηρίου	1	the foundations of the prison	When the foundations shook, this caused the entire prison to shake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	16	26	s6mu	figs-activepassive	ἠνεῴχθησαν…αἱ θύραι πᾶσαι	1	all the doors were opened	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all the doors opened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	16	26	p393	figs-activepassive	πάντων τὰ δεσμὰ ἀνέθη	1	everyone’s chains were unfastened	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “everyone’s chains came loose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	16	27	ljy6	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “we” refers to Paul, Silas, and all of the other prisoners but excludes the jailer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	16	27	hr9q	figs-activepassive	ἔξυπνος…γενόμενος ὁ δεσμοφύλαξ	1	The jailer was awakened from sleep	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The jailer woke up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	16	27	cwt5		ἤμελλεν ἑαυτὸν ἀναιρεῖν	1	was about to kill himself	“was ready to kill himself.” The jailer preferred to commit suicide rather than suffer the consequences of letting the prisoners escape.
ACT	16	29	pe66	figs-explicit	αἰτήσας…φῶτα	1	called for lights	The reason why the jailer needed light can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “called for someone to bring light so he could see who was still in the prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	16	29	h5ai	figs-metonymy	φῶτα	1	for lights	The word “lights” stands for something that makes light. Alternate translation: “for torches” or “for lamps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	16	29	r6is		εἰσεπήδησεν	1	rushed in	“quickly entered the jail”
ACT	16	29	bb6t	translate-symaction	προσέπεσεν τῷ Παύλῳ καὶ Σιλᾷ	1	fell down before Paul and Silas	The jailer humbled himself by bowing down at the feet of Paul and Silas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT	16	30	a3h6		προαγαγὼν αὐτοὺς ἔξω	1	brought them out	“led them outside the jail”
ACT	16	30	u132	figs-activepassive	τί με δεῖ ποιεῖν, ἵνα σωθῶ	1	what must I do to be saved	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what must I do for God to save me from my sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	16	31	br4k	figs-activepassive	σωθήσῃ	1	you will be saved	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will save you” or “God will save you from your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	16	31	w8ed	figs-metonymy	ὁ οἶκός σου	1	your house	Here “house” stands for the people who live in the house. Alternate translation: “all the members of your household” or “your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	16	32	kb35			0	General Information:	Here the first use of the word “they” as well as the words “their” and “them” refer to Paul and Silas. Compare [Acts 16:25](../16/25.md). The last use of the word “they” refers to the people in the jailers’ household. The words “him,” “his,” and “he” refer to the jailer.
ACT	16	32	pq5w	figs-metonymy	ἐλάλησαν αὐτῷ τὸν λόγον τοῦ Κυρίου	1	They spoke the word of the Lord to him	Here “word” stands for a message. Alternate translation: “They told him the message about the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	16	33	r3la	figs-activepassive	ἐβαπτίσθη, αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ αὐτοῦ πάντες παραχρῆμα	1	he and those in his entire house were baptized immediately	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Paul and Silas baptized the jailer and all the members of his household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	16	35	x3x8			0	General Information:	This is the last event in the story of Paul and Silas in Philippi ([Acts 16:12](../16/12.md)).
ACT	16	35	lb4z		δὲ	1	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Luke tells the last event in the story that started in [Acts 16:16](../16/16.md).
ACT	16	35	qum8	figs-metonymy	ἀπέστειλαν…τοὺς ῥαβδούχους	1	sent word to the guards	Here “word” stands for “message” or “command.” Alternate translation: “sent a message to the guards” or “sent a command to the guards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	16	35	j5m6		ἀπέστειλαν	1	sent word	Here “sent” means the magistrates told someone to go tell the guards their message.
ACT	16	35	vev9		ἀπόλυσον τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἐκείνους	1	Let those men go	“Release those men” or “Allow those men to leave”
ACT	16	36	k3i6		ἐξελθόντες	1	come out	“come outside of the jail”
ACT	16	37	v4yk	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	All of the times the word “they” is used and the first time “them” is used, the words refer to the magistrates. The word “themselves” refers to the magistrates. The second time the word “them” is used, it refers to Paul and Silas. The word “us” refers only to Paul and Silas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	16	37	b4jm	figs-explicit	ἔφη πρὸς αὐτούς	1	said to them	Probably Paul is speaking to the jailer, but he intends for the jailer to tell the magistrates what he says. Alternate translation: “said to the jailer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	16	37	b7cc	figs-metonymy	δείραντες ἡμᾶς δημοσίᾳ	1	They have publicly beaten us	Here “They” refers to the magistrates who commanded their soldiers to beat them. Alternate translation: “The magistrates ordered their soldiers to beat us in public” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	16	37	wc37		ἀκατακρίτους ἀνθρώπους Ῥωμαίους ὑπάρχοντας, ἔβαλαν εἰς φυλακήν	1	without a trial, even though we are Romans citizens—and they threw us into prison	“men who are Roman citizens, and they had their soldiers put us in jail though they had not proven in court that we were guilty”
ACT	16	37	qq1u	figs-rquestion	λάθρᾳ ἡμᾶς ἐκβάλλουσιν? οὔ	1	Do they now want to send us away secretly? No!	Paul uses a question to emphasize that he will not allow the magistrates to send them out the city in secret after they had mistreated Paul and Silas. Alternate translation: “I will certainly not let them send us out of the city in secret!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	16	37	jr2j	figs-rpronouns	λάθρᾳ ἡμᾶς ἐκβάλλουσιν? οὔ	1	Let them come themselves	Here “themselves” is used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
ACT	16	38	ym2u	figs-explicit	ἐφοβήθησαν…ἀκούσαντες ὅτι Ῥωμαῖοί εἰσιν	1	when they heard that Paul and Silas were Romans, they were afraid	To be a Roman meant to be a legal citizens of the Empire. Citizenship provided freedom from torture and the right to a fair trial. The city leaders were afraid that more important Roman authorities might learn how the city leaders had mistreated Paul and Silas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	16	40	q59h			0	General Information:	Here the word “they” refers to Paul and Silas. The word “them” refers to the believers in Philippi.
ACT	16	40	y14i	writing-endofstory		0		This is the end of Paul and Silas’ time in Philippi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
ACT	16	40	t1pf	figs-go	εἰσῆλθον πρὸς τὴν Λυδίαν	1	came to the house	Here “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
ACT	16	40	ylk9		τὴν Λυδίαν	1	the house of Lydia	“the home of Lydia”
ACT	16	40	ntc9	figs-gendernotations	ἰδόντες	1	saw the brothers	Here “brothers” refers to believers whether male or female. Alternate translation: “saw the believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
ACT	17	intro	gj4c			0		# Acts 17 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Misunderstandings about the Messiah<br><br>The Jews expected the Christ or Messiah to be a powerful king because the Old Testament says so many times. But it also says many times that the Messiah would suffer, and that was what Paul was telling the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br><br>### The religion of Athens<br><br>Paul said that the Athenians were “religious,” but they did not worship the true God. They worshiped many different false gods. In the past they had conquered other peoples and begun to worship the gods of the people they had conquered. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br><br>In this chapter Luke describes for the first time how Paul told the message of Christ to people who knew nothing of the Old Testament.
ACT	17	1	q9x4			0	General Information:	Here the word “they” refers to Paul and Silas. Compare [Acts 16:40](../16/40.md). The word “them” refers to the Jews at the synagogue in Thessalonica.
ACT	17	1	r3qb			0	Connecting Statement:	This continues the story of Paul, Silas, and Timothy’s missionary trip. They arrive in Thessalonica, apparently without Luke, since he says “they” and not “we.”
ACT	17	1	e4w5		δὲ	1	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Luke, the author, starts to tell a new part of the story.
ACT	17	1	b7np		διοδεύσαντες	1	passed through	“traveled through”
ACT	17	1	kll1	translate-names	τὴν Ἀμφίπολιν καὶ τὴν Ἀπολλωνίαν	1	cities of Amphipolis and Apollonia	These are coastal cities in Macedonia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	17	1	yj66	figs-go	ἦλθον εἰς Θεσσαλονίκην	1	they came to the city	Here “came” can be translated as “went” or “arrived.” Alternate translation: “they came to the city” or “they arrived at the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
ACT	17	2	vbf2		κατὰ…τὸ εἰωθὸς	1	as his custom was	“as his habit was” or “as his common practice was.” Paul usually went to the synagogue on the Sabbath when Jews would be present.
ACT	17	2	bt5e		ἐπὶ Σάββατα τρία	1	for three Sabbath days	“on each Sabbath day for three weeks”
ACT	17	2	wp3k	figs-explicit	διελέξατο αὐτοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν Γραφῶν	1	reasoned with them from the scriptures	Paul explained what the scriptures means in order to prove to the Jews that Jesus is the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	17	2	qf4t		διελέξατο αὐτοῖς	1	reasoned with them	“gave them reasons” or “debated with them” or “discussed with them”
ACT	17	3	e85n			0	General Information:	Here the word “He” refers to Paul ([Acts 17:2](../17/02.md)).
ACT	17	3	ir9q	figs-metaphor	διανοίγων	1	He was opening the scriptures	Possible meanings are (1) to explain the scriptures in a way that people can understand is spoken of as if Paul were opening something so people can see what is inside of it, or (2) Paul was literally opening a book or scroll and reading from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	17	3	he78		ἔδει	1	it was necessary	“it was part of God’s plan”
ACT	17	3	ipb2		ἀναστῆναι	1	to rise again	“to come back to life”
ACT	17	3	b9qi		ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	from the dead	From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To come back from among them speaks of becoming alive again.
ACT	17	4	es2u	figs-activepassive	αὐτῶν ἐπείσθησαν	1	the Jews were persuaded	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Jews believed” or “the Jews understood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	17	4	nyp2		προσεκληρώθησαν τῷ Παύλῳ	1	joined Paul	“became associated with Paul”
ACT	17	4	t21z		σεβομένων Ἑλλήνων	1	devout Greeks	This refers to Greeks who worship God but have not converted to Judaism through circumcision.
ACT	17	4	ye8v	figs-litotes	γυναικῶν…τῶν πρώτων οὐκ ὀλίγαι	1	not a few of the leading women	This is an understatement to emphasize that many leading women joined them. Alternate translation: “many leading women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
ACT	17	5	nuh6			0	General Information:	Here the word “they” refers to the unbelieving Jews and wicked men from the marketplace.
ACT	17	5	uj43	figs-metaphor	ζηλώσαντες	1	being moved with jealousy	The feeling of jealousy is spoken of as if jealousy were actually moving the person. Alternate translation: “feeling very jealous” or “feeling very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	17	5	vev6	figs-explicit	ζηλώσαντες	1	with jealousy	It can be stated explicitly that these Jews were jealous because some of the Jews and Greeks believed Paul’s message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	17	5	btw6		προσλαβόμενοι…ἄνδρας τινὰς πονηροὺς	1	took certain wicked men	Here “took” does not mean the Jews took these people by force. It means the Jews persuaded these wicked men to help them.
ACT	17	5	lc6g		ἄνδρας τινὰς πονηροὺς	1	certain wicked men	“some evil men.” The word “men” here refers specifically to males.
ACT	17	5	ie1f		τῶν ἀγοραίων	1	from the marketplace	“from the public square.” This is a public place of business, where buying and selling of goods, cattle, or services take place.
ACT	17	5	t3bc	figs-metonymy	ἐθορύβουν τὴν πόλιν	1	set the city in an uproar	Here “the city” stands for the people in the city. Alternate translation: “caused the people of the city to be in an uproar” or “caused the people of the city to riot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	17	5	s3uv		ἐπιστάντες τῇ οἰκίᾳ	1	Assaulting the house	“Violently attacking the house.” This probably means the people were throwing rocks at the house and trying to break down the door of the house.
ACT	17	5	ks2l	translate-names	Ἰάσονος	1	Jason	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	17	5	abcu		αὐτοὺς προαγαγεῖν	1	to bring them out	“to bring Paul and Silas out”
ACT	17	5	pp7k		προαγαγεῖν εἰς τὸν δῆμον	1	out to the people	Possible meanings or “people” are (1) a governmental or legal group of citizens gathered to make a decision or (2) a mob.
ACT	17	6	i79p		τινας ἀδελφοὺς	1	certain other brothers	Here “brothers” refers to believers. Alternate translation: “some other believers”
ACT	17	6	e44z		ἐπὶ τοὺς πολιτάρχας	1	before the officials	“in the presence of the officials”
ACT	17	6	g7xj		οἱ…ἀναστατώσαντες, οὗτοι	1	These men who have	The Jewish leaders were speaking and the phrase, “These men,” refers to Paul and Silas.
ACT	17	6	c2av	figs-hyperbole	τὴν οἰκουμένην ἀναστατώσαντες	1	turned the world upside down	This phrase is another way of saying Paul and Silas where causing trouble everywhere they went. The Jewish leaders were exaggerating the influence Paul and Silas were having with their teaching. Alternate translation: “caused trouble everywhere in the world” or “caused trouble everywhere they have gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	17	7	hlc9		ὑποδέδεκται Ἰάσων	1	Jason has welcomed	This phrase signals that Jason was in agreement with the apostles’ troubling message.
ACT	17	8	th2f		ἐτάραξαν	1	were disturbed	“were worried”
ACT	17	9	ya44		λαβόντες τὸ ἱκανὸν παρὰ τοῦ Ἰάσονος καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν	1	made Jason and the rest pay money as security	Jason and the others had to pay the money to the city officials as a promise of good behavior; that money might be returned if all went well or it might be used to repair the damages brought on by bad behavior.
ACT	17	9	bj48		τῶν λοιπῶν	1	the rest	The words “the rest” refers to other believers that the Jews brought before the officials.
ACT	17	9	aru6		ἀπέλυσαν αὐτούς	1	they let them go	“the officials let Jason and the other believers go”
ACT	17	10	na8h			0	General Information:	Paul and Silas travel on to the town of Berea.
ACT	17	10	qy5c	figs-gendernotations	οἱ…ἀδελφοὶ	1	the brothers	The word “brothers” here refers to men and women believers. Alternate translation: “the believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
ACT	17	11	k2st	writing-background	δὲ	1	Now	The word “now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Luke tells background information about the people in Berea and how they were willing to listen to Paul and examine what he said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	17	11	gu6s		οὗτοι…ἦσαν εὐγενέστεροι	1	these people were more noble	These “well-born” people were willing to think more objectively about new ideas than other people. Alternate translation: “more open minded” or “more willing to listen”
ACT	17	11	hle3	figs-metonymy	ἐδέξαντο τὸν λόγον	1	received the word	Here “word” refers to a teaching. Alternate translation: “listened to the teaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	17	11	uh8a		μετὰ πάσης προθυμίας	1	with all readiness of mind	These Bereans were prepared to examine earnestly Paul’s teachings about the scripture.
ACT	17	11	lzm3		καθ’ ἡμέραν ἀνακρίνοντες τὰς Γραφὰς	1	examining the scriptures daily	“carefully reading and evaluating the scriptures every day”
ACT	17	11	g8an		ἔχοι ταῦτα οὕτως	1	these things were so	“the things Paul said were true”
ACT	17	12	abcv	figs-litotes	ἀνδρῶν οὐκ ὀλίγοι	1	not a few men	This is an understatement to emphasize that many men believed the message. Alternate translation: “many men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
ACT	17	13	vn8h	translate-names		0	General Information:	Athens is down the coast from Barea which is in Macedonia. Athens was one of the most important cities in Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	17	13	asb4	figs-metaphor	ἦλθον κἀκεῖ, σαλεύοντες	1	went there and stirred up	This speaks about their agitating people as though it were a person stirring a liquid and causing the things at the bottom of the liquid to rise to the surface. Alternate translation: “went there and agitated” or “went there and disturbed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	17	13	wjq3		ταράσσοντες τοὺς ὄχλους	1	troubled the crowds	“and worried the crowds” or “caused dread and fear among the people”
ACT	17	14	ael8	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοὶ	1	brothers	The word “brothers” here refers to men and women believers. Alternate translation: “believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
ACT	17	14	zw1c		πορεύεσθαι ἕως ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν	1	to go to the sea	“to go to the coast.” From here Paul would probably sail to another city.
ACT	17	15	tjh5		καθιστάνοντες τὸν Παῦλον	1	who were leading Paul	“who were accompanying Paul” or “who were going along with Paul”
ACT	17	15	gs1p	figs-quotations	λαβόντες ἐντολὴν πρὸς τὸν Σιλᾶν καὶ τὸν Τιμόθεον	1	they received from him instructions for Silas and Timothy	“he told them to instruct Silas and Timothy.” This can also be stated as a direct quotation as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
ACT	17	16	wk63			0	General Information:	This is another part of the story of Paul and Silas’ travels. Paul is now in Athens where he is waiting for Silas and Timothy to join him.
ACT	17	16	y9cr		δὲ	1	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Luke starts to tell a new part of the story.
ACT	17	16	we78	figs-synecdoche	παρωξύνετο τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ, θεωροῦντος κατείδωλον οὖσαν τὴν πόλιν	1	his spirit was provoked within him as he saw the city full of idols	Here “spirit” stands for Paul himself. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he became upset because he saw that there were idols everywhere in the city” or “seeing the idols everywhere in the city upset him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	17	17	q8px		διελέγετο	1	he reasoned	“he debated” or “he discussed.” This means that there is interaction from the listeners rather than only his preaching. They are talking with him as well.
ACT	17	17	jkj8		τοῖς σεβομένοις	1	others who worshiped God	This refers to Gentiles (non-Jews) who give praise to God and follow him but do not obey all of the Jewish laws.
ACT	17	17	ec14		ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ	1	in the marketplace	“in the public square.” This is a public place of business, where buying and selling of goods, cattle, or services take place.
ACT	17	18	ru6a			0	General Information:	Here the words “him,” “He, “and “he” refer to Paul.
ACT	17	18	l7le	translate-names	Ἐπικουρίων καὶ Στοϊκῶν φιλοσόφων	1	Epicurean and Stoic philosophers	These people believed all things were formed by chance and that the gods were too busy being happy to be bothered with governing the universe. They rejected the resurrection and wanted only simple pleasures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	17	18	f976	translate-names	Στοϊκῶν φιλοσόφων	1	Stoic philosophers	These people believed freedom comes from resigning oneself to fate. They rejected a personal loving God and the resurrection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	17	18	tjk6		συνέβαλλον αὐτῷ	1	encountered him	“happened upon him”
ACT	17	18	dnj8		τινες ἔλεγον	1	Some said	“Some of the philosophers said”
ACT	17	18	g4bv	figs-metaphor	τί ἂν θέλοι ὁ σπερμολόγος οὗτος	1	What is this babbler	The word “babbler” was used to refer to birds picking up seeds as food. It refers negatively to a person who only knows a little bit of information. The philosophers said Paul had bits of information which were not worth listening to. Alternate translation: “What is this uneducated person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	17	18	k2ps		οἱ	1	Others said	“Other philosophers said”
ACT	17	18	l41t		δοκεῖ καταγγελεὺς	1	He seems to be one who calls people to follow	“He seems to be a proclaimer” or “He seems to be on a mission to add people to his philosophy”
ACT	17	18	sx9t		ξένων δαιμονίων	1	strange gods	This is not in the sense of “odd,” but in the sense of “foreign,” that is, gods that Greeks and Romans do not worship or know about.
ACT	17	19	fs5g	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	The words “him,” “He” and “you” refer to Paul ([Acts 17:18](../17/18.md)). Here the words “They” and “we” refer to the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	17	19	mv8c		ἐπιλαβόμενοί τε αὐτοῦ, ἐπὶ τὸν Ἄρειον Πάγον ἤγαγον	1	They took…brought him	This does not mean they arrested Paul. The philosophers invited Paul to speak formally to their leaders.
ACT	17	19	b56g	figs-metonymy	ἐπὶ τὸν Ἄρειον Πάγον	1	to the Areopagus	The “Areopagus” was the place where the leaders met. Alternate translation: “to the leaders that met on the Areopagus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	17	19	ze7e		τὸν Ἄρειον Πάγον…λέγοντες	1	the Areopagus, saying	Here the leaders on the Areopagus are speaking. This can stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “the Areopagus. The leaders said to Paul”
ACT	17	19	unc8	translate-names	Ἄρειον Πάγον	1	Areopagus	This is a prominent rock outcropping or hill in Athens upon which the supreme court of Athens may have met. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	17	20	lay8	figs-metaphor	ξενίζοντα γάρ τινα εἰσφέρεις εἰς τὰς ἀκοὰς ἡμῶν	1	For you bring some strange things to our ears	Paul’s teachings about Jesus and the resurrection are spoken of as an object that a person can bring to another person. Here “ears” refers to what they hear. Alternate translation: “For you teachings some things that we have never heard before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	17	21	dn1t	figs-hyperbole	Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ πάντες καὶ οἱ ἐπιδημοῦντες ξένοι	1	Now all the Athenians and the strangers living there	The word “all” is a generalization referring to many. Alternate translation: “Now many of the Athenians and the strangers living there” or “Now many of the Athenians and the strangers living there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	17	21	d8yb	translate-names	Ἀθηναῖοι…πάντες	1	all the Athenians	“Athenians” are people from Athens, a city near the coast below Macedonia (present day Greece). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	17	21	m8u1		οἱ…ξένοι	1	the strangers	“the foreigners”
ACT	17	21	sk5b	figs-metaphor	εἰς οὐδὲν ἕτερον ηὐκαίρουν, ἢ λέγειν τι ἢ ἀκούειν	1	spent their time in nothing but either telling or listening	Here “time” is spoken of as if it were an object that a person could spend. Alternate translation: “used their time doing nothing but either telling or listening” or “were always doing nothing but telling or listening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	17	21	ij4e	figs-hyperbole	εἰς οὐδὲν ἕτερον ηὐκαίρουν, ἢ λέγειν τι ἢ ἀκούειν	1	spent their time in nothing but either telling or listening	The phrase “spent their time in nothing” is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “did not do much but tell or listen” or “spent much of their time telling or listening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	17	21	wr1r		λέγειν τι ἢ ἀκούειν τι καινότερον	1	telling or listening about something new	“discussing new philosophical ideas” or “talking about what was new to them”
ACT	17	22	zq3y			0	General Information:	Paul begins his speech to the philosophers on the Areopagus.
ACT	17	22	ja1k		κατὰ πάντα…δεισιδαιμονεστέρους	1	very religious in every way	Paul is referring to the Athenians’ public display of honoring the gods through prayers, building altars, and offering sacrifices.
ACT	17	23	gn1j		διερχόμενος γὰρ	1	For as I passed along	“Because as I walked past” or “I walked along”
ACT	17	23	cem7		ἀγνώστῳ Θεῷ	1	To an Unknown God	Possible meanings are (1) “to a certain unknown god” or (2) “to a god not known.” This was a specific writing or inscription on that altar.
ACT	17	24	m1jm		τὸν κόσμον	1	the world	In the most general sense, the “world” refers to the heavens and the earth and everything in them.
ACT	17	24	rqk9		οὗτος…ὑπάρχων Κύριος	1	since he is Lord	“because he is the Lord.” Here “he” is referring to the unknown god mentioned in [Acts 17:23](../17/23.md) that Paul is explaining is the Lord God.
ACT	17	24	f2mz	figs-merism	οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς	1	of heaven and earth	The words “heaven” and “earth” are used together to mean all beings and things in heaven and earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ACT	17	24	ju4h	figs-synecdoche	χειροποιήτοις	1	built with hands	Here “hands” stands for people. Alternate translation: “built by the hands of people” or “that people built” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	17	25	e3dg	figs-activepassive	οὐδὲ ὑπὸ χειρῶν ἀνθρωπίνων θεραπεύεται	1	Neither is he served by men’s hands	Here “served” has the sense of a doctor treating a patient to make the patient well again. Alternate translation: “Neither do men’s hands take care of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	17	25	yq68	figs-synecdoche	ὑπὸ χειρῶν ἀνθρωπίνων	1	by men’s hands	Here “hands” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “by humans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	17	25	sj89	figs-rpronouns	αὐτὸς διδοὺς	1	since he himself	“because he himself.” The word “himself” is added for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
ACT	17	26	r3lt	figs-inclusive		0	General Information:	Here the words “he” and “him” refer to the one true God, the creator. The words “their” and “them” refer to every nation of people living on the surface of the earth. In using the word “us,” Paul includes himself, his audience, and every nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
ACT	17	26	p1e4		ἑνὸς	1	one man	This means Adam, the first person God created. This can be stated to include Eve. It was through Adam and Eve that God made all other people. Alternate translation: “one couple”
ACT	17	26	js4p		ὁρίσας προστεταγμένους καιροὺς καὶ τὰς ὁροθεσίας τῆς κατοικίας αὐτῶν	1	having determined their appointed seasons and the boundaries of their living areas	This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “And he determined when and where they would live”
ACT	17	27	jae5	figs-metaphor	ζητεῖν τὸν Θεὸν, εἰ ἄρα γε ψηλαφήσειαν αὐτὸν καὶ εὕροιεν	1	so that they should search for God and perhaps they may feel their way toward him and find him	Here “search for God” represents desiring to know him, and “feel their way toward him and find him” represents praying and having a relationship with him. Alternate translation: “so that they should want to know God and perhaps pray to him and become one of his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	17	27	p8hk	figs-litotes	καί γε οὐ μακρὰν ἀπὸ ἑνὸς ἑκάστου ἡμῶν ὑπάρχοντα	1	Yet he is not far from each one of us	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Yet he is very near to everyone of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
ACT	17	28	tkd3	figs-inclusive		0	General Information:	Here the words “him” and “his” refer to God ([Acts 17:24](../17/24.md)). When Paul says “we” here, he includes himself as well as his hearers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
ACT	17	28	cbd9		ἐν αὐτῷ γὰρ	1	For in him	“Because of him”
ACT	17	29	k9ws	figs-metaphor	γένος…ὑπάρχοντες τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	are God’s offspring	Because God created everyone, all people are spoken of as if they were God’s literal children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	17	29	czi9	figs-metonymy	τὸ θεῖον	1	qualities of deity	Here “deity” refers to God’s nature or attributes. Alternate translation: “that God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	17	29	q4q2	figs-activepassive	χαράγματι τέχνης καὶ ἐνθυμήσεως ἀνθρώπου	1	images created by the art and imagination of man	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which a man then uses his skill to make it into something that he has designed” or “images that people make by using their art and imagination” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	17	30	y2u8			0	General Information:	Here the word “he” refers to God.
ACT	17	30	zj28			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul finishes his speech to the philosophers in the Areopagus, which he began in [Acts 17:22](../17/22.md).
ACT	17	30	suh6		οὖν	1	Therefore	“Because what I have just said is true”
ACT	17	30	iva4		χρόνους τῆς ἀγνοίας ὑπεριδὼν ὁ Θεὸς	1	God overlooked the times of ignorance	“God decided not to punish people during the time of ignorance”
ACT	17	30	h8uy		χρόνους τῆς ἀγνοίας	1	times of ignorance	This refers to the time before God fully revealed himself through Jesus Christ and before people truly knew how to obey God.
ACT	17	30	qim5	figs-gendernotations	τοῖς ἀνθρώποις πάντας	1	all men	This means all people whether male or female. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
ACT	17	31	htp7		ἐν ᾗ μέλλει κρίνειν τὴν οἰκουμένην ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ, ἐν ἀνδρὶ ᾧ ὥρισεν	1	when he will judge the world in righteousness by the man he has chosen	“when the man he has chosen will judge the world in righteousness”
ACT	17	31	jt3a	figs-metonymy	μέλλει κρίνειν τὴν οἰκουμένην	1	he will judge the world	Here “world” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “he will judge all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	17	31	i9aw		ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ	1	in righteousness	“justly” or “fairly”
ACT	17	31	l61p		πίστιν παρασχὼν	1	God has given proof of this man	“God has demonstrated his choice of this man”
ACT	17	31	ulr4		ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	from the dead	From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To come back from among them speaks of becoming alive again.
ACT	17	32	tc8t	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “We” refers to the men of Athens but not to Paul, so this is exclusive. Though some of them probably did want to hear Paul again, they may only have been being polite. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	17	32	c4sm	writing-endofstory		0		This is the end of the part of the story about Paul in Athens. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
ACT	17	32	nb26		δὲ	1	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Luke shifts from Paul’s teachings to the reaction of the people of Athens.
ACT	17	32	jlm5		ἀκούσαντες	1	when they heard of	These are the people who were present at the Areopagus listening to Paul.
ACT	17	32	sn6j		οἱ μὲν ἐχλεύαζον	1	some mocked Paul	“some ridiculed Paul” or “some laughed at Paul.” These did not believe it was possible for someone to die and then return to life.
ACT	17	34	psh8	translate-names	Διονύσιος ὁ Ἀρεοπαγίτης	1	Dionysius the Areopagite	Dionysius is a man’s name. Areopagite implies that Dionysius was one of the judges at the council of Areopagus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	17	34	hsz3	translate-names	Δάμαρις	1	Damaris	This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	18	intro	rky6			0		# Acts 18 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The baptism of John<br><br>Some Jews who lived far away from Jerusalem and Judea had heard of John the Baptist and followed his teachings. They had not yet heard about Jesus. One of these Jews was Apollos. He followed John the Baptist, but he did not know that the Messiah had come. John had baptized people to show that they were sorry for their sins, but this baptism was different from Christian baptism. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
ACT	18	1	jat1	writing-background		0	General Information:	Aquila and Priscilla are introduced to the story and verses 2 and 3 give background information about them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	18	1	qa9b			0	Connecting Statement:	This is another part of the story of Paul’s travels as he goes to Corinth.
ACT	18	1	fky7		μετὰ ταῦτα	1	After these things	“After these events took place in Athens”
ACT	18	1	abcw		χωρισθεὶς	1	he departed	“Paul departed”
ACT	18	1	h2si		ἐκ τῶν Ἀθηνῶν	1	Athens	Athens was one of the most important cities in Greece. See how you translated this in [Acts 17:15](../17/15.md).
ACT	18	2	d9zx		καὶ εὑρών	1	There he met	Possible meanings are that (1) Paul happened to find by chance or (2) Paul intentionally found.
ACT	18	2	hm16	writing-participants	τινα Ἰουδαῖον ὀνόματι Ἀκύλαν	1	a Jew named Aquila	Here the phrase “a certain” indicates this is introducing new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
ACT	18	2	y97p	translate-names	Ποντικὸν τῷ γένει	1	a native of Pontus	Pontus was a province on the southern coast of the Black Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	18	2	q4va		προσφάτως ἐληλυθότα	1	had recently come	This is probably sometime in the past year.
ACT	18	2	n631	translate-names	τῆς Ἰταλίας	1	Italy	This is the name of land. Rome is the capital city of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	18	2	n95f		τὸ διατεταχέναι Κλαύδιον	1	Claudius had commanded	Claudius was the current Roman emperor. See how you translated this in [Acts 11:28](../11/28.md).
ACT	18	3	q259		τὸ ὁμότεχνον εἶναι	1	he worked at the same trade	“he did the same kind of work that they did”
ACT	18	4	r56h			0	General Information:	Silas and Timothy rejoin Paul.
ACT	18	4	h3az		διελέγετο δὲ	1	So Paul reasoned	“So Paul debated” or “So Paul discussed.” He gave reasons. This means that rather than just preaching, Paul talked and interacted with the people.
ACT	18	4	r2gp		ἔπειθέν τε Ἰουδαίους καὶ Ἕλληνας	1	He persuaded both Jews and Greeks	Possible meanings are (1) “He caused both Jews and Greeks to believe” or (2) “He kept trying to persuade the Jews and the Greeks.”
ACT	18	5	d191	figs-activepassive	συνείχετο τῷ λόγῳ ὁ Παῦλος	1	Paul devoted himself to the word	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Spirit compelled Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	18	6	ncx8	translate-symaction	ἐκτιναξάμενος τὰ ἱμάτια	1	shook out his garment	This is a symbolic action to indicate that Paul will no longer try to teach the Jews there about Jesus. He is leaving them to God’s judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT	18	6	z12a	figs-metonymy	τὸ αἷμα ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν ὑμῶν	1	May your blood be upon your own heads	Here “blood” stands for the guilt of their actions. Here “heads” refers to the whole person. Paul tells the Jews they are solely responsible for the judgment they will face for their stubbornness if they refuse to repent. Alternate translation: “You alone bear the responsibility for your punishment for sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	18	7	cd3u			0	General Information:	Here the word “he” refers to Paul. The first word “his” refers to Titius Justus. The second word “his” refers to Crispus.
ACT	18	7	vs6y	translate-names	Τιτίου Ἰούστου	1	Titius Justus	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	18	7	v8xg		σεβομένου τὸν Θεόν	1	worshiped God	A worshiper of God is a Gentile who gives praise to God and follows him but does not necessarily obey all of the Jewish laws.
ACT	18	8	lj2t	translate-names	Κρίσπος	1	Crispus	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	18	8	kkk9		ἀρχισυνάγωγος	1	leader of the synagogue	a layperson who sponsored and administered the synagogue, not necessarily the teacher
ACT	18	8	uaq5	figs-metonymy	ὅλῳ τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ	1	all those who lived in his house	Here “house” refers to the people who lived together. Alternate translation: “the people who lived with him in his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	18	8	t3np	figs-activepassive	ἐβαπτίζοντο	1	were baptized	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “received baptism” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	18	9	ws7p	figs-parallelism	μὴ φοβοῦ, ἀλλὰ λάλει καὶ μὴ σιωπήσῃς	1	Do not be afraid, but speak and do not be silent	The Lord is giving one command in two different ways to emphasize that Paul should certainly continue preaching. Alternate translation: “You must not be afraid and, instead, continue to speak and not become silent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ACT	18	9	zg8a	figs-doublet	λάλει καὶ μὴ σιωπήσῃς	1	speak and do not be silent	The Lord gives the same command in two different ways to strongly command Paul to speak. Alternate translation: “you must certainly continue to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ACT	18	9	a529	figs-explicit	μὴ σιωπήσῃς	1	do not be silent	It can be stated explicitly what the Lord wants Paul to speak. Alternate translation: “do not stop speaking about the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	18	10	a8lq		λαός ἐστί μοι πολὺς ἐν τῇ πόλει ταύτῃ	1	I have many people in this city	“there are many people in this city who have put their faith in me” or “many people in this city will put their faith in me”
ACT	18	11	mqx2	writing-endofstory	ἐκάθισεν δὲ ἐνιαυτὸν καὶ μῆνας ἓξ, διδάσκων ἐν αὐτοῖς τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Paul lived there…teaching the word of God among them	This is a concluding statement for this part of the story. “Word of God” here is a synecdoche for the entire scriptures. Alternate translation: “Paul lived there…teaching the scriptures among them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	18	12	f41k	translate-names		0	General Information:	Achaia was the Roman province in which Corinth was located. Corinth was the largest city in southern Greece and the capital of the province. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	18	12	b5bf			0	Connecting Statement:	The unbelieving Jews bring Paul to the judgment seat before Gallio.
ACT	18	12	se8m	translate-names	Γαλλίωνος	1	Gallio	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	18	12	j762	figs-synecdoche	οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι	1	the Jews	This stands for the Jewish leaders that did not believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	18	12	lp79		κατεπέστησαν ὁμοθυμαδὸν	1	rose up together	“came together” or “joined together”
ACT	18	12	u36c	figs-metonymy	ἤγαγον αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα	1	brought him before the judgment seat	The Jews took Paul by force to bring Paul before the court. Here “judgment seat” refers to the place where Gallio sat when he made legal decisions in court. Alternate translation: “took him so that the governor could judge him at the judgment seat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	18	14	d13b		εἶπεν ὁ Γαλλίων	1	Gallio said	Gallio was the Roman governor of the Province.
ACT	18	15	y6mt		νόμου τοῦ καθ’ ὑμᾶς	1	your own law	Here “law” refers to the law of Moses and as well as the Jewish customs of Paul’s time.
ACT	18	15	khr5		κριτὴς ἐγὼ τούτων οὐ βούλομαι εἶναι	1	I do not wish to be a judge of these matters	“I refuse to make a judgment about these matters”
ACT	18	16	yf81			0	General Information:	Here the word “they” probably refers to the Gentiles at the court. They reacted against the Jews who had brought Paul before the judgment seat ([Acts 18:12](../18/12.md)).
ACT	18	16	d6nh	figs-metonymy	ἀπήλασεν αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τοῦ βήματος	1	Gallio made them leave the judgment seat	“Gallio dismissed them from the judgment seat.” Here “judgment seat” refers to the place where Gallio sits to make legal decisions in court. Alternate translation: “Gallio made them leave his presence in the court” or “Gallio made them leave the court” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	18	17	cyk6	figs-hyperbole	ἐπιλαβόμενοι…πάντες	1	they all seized	This may be an exaggeration to emphasize the strong feelings the people had. Alternate translation: “many people seized” or “many of them grabbed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	18	17	mj77		ἐπιλαβόμενοι δὲ πάντες Σωσθένην τὸν ἀρχισυνάγωγον, ἔτυπτον ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ βήματος	1	So they all seized Sosthenes, the ruler of the synagogue, and beat him in front of the judgment seat	Possible meanings are (1) the Gentiles beat Sosthenes in the court in front of the judgment seat because he was the Jewish leader or (2) it is possible that Sosthenes was a believer in Christ, so the Jews beat him in front of the court.
ACT	18	17	x9w5	translate-names	Σωσθένην τὸν ἀρχισυνάγωγον	1	Sosthenes, the ruler of the synagogue	“Sosthenes” was the Jewish ruler of the synagogue at Corinth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	18	17	z9fv		ἔτυπτον	1	beat him	“repeatedly hit him” or “repeatedly punched him.”
ACT	18	18	x25w	translate-names		0	General Information:	Here the word “he” refers to Paul. Cenchreae was a seaport that was part of the greater Corinth city area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	18	18	ura9			0	Connecting Statement:	This continues Paul’s missionary journey as Paul, Priscilla, and Aquila leave Corinth. This seems to indicate that Silas and Timothy remain since it says “he” here and not “we.” The word “they” refers to Paul, Priscilla, and Aquila.
ACT	18	18	et8c	figs-gendernotations	τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ἀποταξάμενος	1	left the brothers	The word “brothers” refers to men and women believers. Alternate translation: “left the fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
ACT	18	18	v5kl		ἐξέπλει εἰς τὴν Συρίαν, καὶ σὺν αὐτῷ Πρίσκιλλα καὶ Ἀκύλας	1	sailed for Syria with Priscilla and Aquila	Paul got on a ship that sailed for Syria. Priscilla and Aquila went with him.
ACT	18	18	kq6f	translate-symaction	κειράμενος…τὴν κεφαλήν, εἶχεν γὰρ εὐχήν	1	he shaved his head…because he had madef a vow	This is a symbolic action that indicates the completion of a vow. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he had someone cut off the hair on his head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	18	19	abcx		κἀκείνους κατέλιπεν	1	he left them	“Paul left Priscilla and Aquilla”
ACT	18	19	st93		διελέξατο τοῖς	1	reasoned with	“discussed with” or “debated with”
ACT	18	20	u44s			0	General Information:	Here the words “they” and “them” refer to the Jews in Ephesus.
ACT	18	21	iz1u		ἀποταξάμενος	1	taking his leave of them	“saying good-bye to them”
ACT	18	22	pr6u			0	General Information:	Phrygia is a province in Asia which is now modern day Turkey. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:10](../02/10.md).
ACT	18	22	p364			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues his missionary journey.
ACT	18	22	gyy4		κατελθὼν εἰς Καισάρειαν	1	landed at Caesarea	“arrived at Caesarea.” The word “landed” is used to show that he arrived by ship.
ACT	18	22	r26z		ἀναβὰς	1	he went up	He traveled to the city of Jerusalem. The phrase “went up” is used here because Jerusalem is higher in elevation than Caesarea.
ACT	18	22	q9j6	figs-metonymy	ἀσπασάμενος τὴν ἐκκλησίαν	1	greeted the Jerusalem church	Here “church” refers to the believers in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “greeted the members of the church of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	18	22	n3rh		κατέβη	1	then went down	The phrase “went down” is used here because Antioch is lower in elevation than Jerusalem.
ACT	18	23	pww5		ἐξῆλθεν	1	Paul departed	“Paul went away” or “Paul left”
ACT	18	23	h65j	figs-metaphor	καὶ ποιήσας χρόνον τινὰ	1	After having spent some time there	This speaks about “time” as if it were a commodity that a person could spend. Alternate translation: After staying there for a while” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	18	24	a7p9	writing-background		0	General Information:	Apollos is introduced to the story. Verses 24 and 25 give background information about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	18	24	muc2			0	Connecting Statement:	Luke tells what happens in Ephesus with Priscilla and Aquila.
ACT	18	24	xqy7		δέ	1	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line.
ACT	18	24	n2b4	writing-participants	Ἰουδαῖος…τις Ἀπολλῶς ὀνόματι	1	a certain Jew named Apollos	The phrase “a certain” indicates that Luke is introducing a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
ACT	18	24	di14	translate-names	Ἀλεξανδρεὺς τῷ γένει	1	an Alexandrian by birth	“a man who was born in the city of Alexandria.” This was a city in Egypt on the north coast of Africa. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	18	24	t4zi		λόγιος	1	eloquent in speech	“a good speaker”
ACT	18	24	bh25		δυνατὸς ὢν ἐν ταῖς Γραφαῖς	1	mighty in the scriptures	“he knew the scriptures thoroughly.” He understood the Old Testament writings well.
ACT	18	25	z7a8	figs-activepassive	οὗτος ἦν κατηχημένος τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ Κυρίου	1	Apollos had been instructed in the teachings of the Lord	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Other believers had taught Apollos how the Lord Jesus wanted people to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	18	25	ift8	figs-synecdoche	καὶ ζέων τῷ πνεύματι	1	Being fervent in spirit	Here “spirit” refers to the entire person of Apollos. Alternate translation: “Being very enthusiastic” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	18	25	lr1h		τὸ βάπτισμα Ἰωάννου	1	the baptism of John	“The baptism that John performed.” This is comparing John’s baptism which was with water to Jesus’ baptism which is with the Holy Spirit.
ACT	18	26	ga6v	figs-metaphor	τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the way of God	How God wants people to live is spoken of as if it were a road that a person travels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	18	26	k1lb		ἀκριβέστερον	1	more accurately	“correctly” or “more fully”
ACT	18	27	c2sq			0	General Information:	Here the he words “he” and “him” refer to Apollos ([Acts 18:24](./24.md)).
ACT	18	27	ll36		διελθεῖν εἰς τὴν Ἀχαΐαν	1	to pass over into Achaia	“to go to the region of Achaia.” The phrase “pass over” is used here because Apollos had to cross the Aegean Sea to get to Achaia from Ephesus.
ACT	18	27	pql7		τὴν Ἀχαΐαν	1	Achaia	Achaia was a Roman Province in the southern section of Greece. See how you translated this in [Acts 18:12](../18/12.md).
ACT	18	27	v2i6	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοὶ	1	brothers	The word “brothers” here refers to men and women believers. You can make explicit that these are believers in Ephesus. Alternate translation: “fellow believers in Ephesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	18	27	q5f2		ἔγραψαν τοῖς μαθηταῖς	1	wrote to the disciples	“wrote a letter to the Christians in Achaia”
ACT	18	27	f99p		τοῖς πεπιστευκόσιν διὰ τῆς χάριτος	1	those who believed by grace	“those who had believed in salvation by grace” or “those who by God’s grace believed in Jesus”
ACT	18	28	l2zt		εὐτόνως…τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις διακατηλέγχετο δημοσίᾳ	1	Apollos powerfully refuted the Jews in public debate	“In public debate Apollos powerfully showed that the Jews were wrong”
ACT	18	28	v4sx		ἐπιδεικνὺς διὰ τῶν Γραφῶν εἶναι τὸν Χριστὸν, Ἰησοῦν	1	showing by the scriptures that Jesus is the Christ	“as he showed them by the scriptures that Jesus is the Christ”
ACT	19	intro	g38y			0		# Acts 19 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Baptism<br><br>John baptized people to show that they were sorry for their sins. Jesus’ followers baptized people who wanted to follow Jesus.<br><br>### Temple of Diana<br><br>The temple of Diana was an important place in the city of Ephesus. Many people came to Ephesus to see this temple, and they bought statues of the goddess Diana while they were there. The people who sold statues of Diana were afraid that if people did not believe Diana was a real goddess, they would stop giving the sellers money for statues.
ACT	19	1	rhv1			0	General Information:	The “upper country” was an area of Asia which today is part of modern-day Turkey to the north of Ephesus. Paul must have traveled by land around the top of the Aegean sea in order to come to Ephesus (also in Turkey today) which is directly east of Corinth by sea.
ACT	19	1	wu6p			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul travels to Ephesus.
ACT	19	1	lp23		ἐγένετο δὲ	1	It came about that	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
ACT	19	1	ati9		διελθόντα	1	passed through	“traveled through”
ACT	19	2	wqi4		Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον ἐλάβετε	1	receive the Holy Spirit	This means to have the Holy Spirit come upon them.
ACT	19	2	nvn4		οὐδ’ εἰ Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον ἔστιν ἠκούσαμεν	1	we did not even hear about the Holy Spirit	“we have not even heard about the Holy Spirit”
ACT	19	3	hml1			0	General Information:	Here the words “They,” “you,” and “they” refer to certain disciples in the city of Ephesus ([Acts 19:1](../19/01.md)). The word “him” refers to John.
ACT	19	3	mrm6	figs-activepassive	εἰς τί οὖν ἐβαπτίσθητε	1	Into what then were you baptized?	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “What kind of baptism did you receive?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	19	3	jzp7	figs-ellipsis	εἰς τὸ Ἰωάννου βάπτισμα	1	Into John’s baptism	You can translate this as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “We received the kind of baptism about which John taught” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ACT	19	4	r46y	figs-abstractnouns	βάπτισμα μετανοίας	1	the baptism of repentance	You can translate the abstract noun “repentance” as the verb “repent.” Alternate translation: “the baptism that people requested when they wanted to repent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	19	4	pv7t		τὸν ἐρχόμενον	1	the one who would come	Here “the one” refers to Jesus.
ACT	19	4	q5fh		τὸν ἐρχόμενον μετ’ αὐτὸν	1	come after him	This means to come after John the Baptist in time and not following after him physically.
ACT	19	5	zx2b			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues staying in Ephesus.
ACT	19	5	k9st		ἀκούσαντες δὲ	1	When the people	Here “people” refers to the disciples in Ephesus who were talking with Paul ([Acts 19:1](../19/01.md)),
ACT	19	5	ueh1	figs-activepassive	ἐβαπτίσθησαν	1	they were baptized	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they received baptism” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	19	5	g2dm	figs-metonymy	εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ	1	in the name of the Lord Jesus	Here “name” refers to Jesus’ power and authority. Alternate translation: “as believers in the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	19	6	gk8l		ἐπιθέντος αὐτοῖς τοῦ Παύλου χεῖρας	1	laid his hands on them	“placed his hands on them.” He probably placed his hands on their shoulders or heads. Alternate translation: “placed his hands on their heads as he prayed”
ACT	19	6	j4n8		ἐλάλουν τε γλώσσαις καὶ ἐπροφήτευον	1	they spoke in other languages and prophesied	Unlike in [Acts 2:3-4](../02/03.md), there are no details of who understood their messages.
ACT	19	7	e7kj	writing-background	ἦσαν δὲ οἱ πάντες ἄνδρες ὡσεὶ δώδεκα	1	In all they were about twelve men	This tells how many men were baptized. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	19	7	u71i	translate-numbers	ἄνδρες…δώδεκα	1	twelve men	“12 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ACT	19	8	qv8z		εἰσελθὼν…εἰς τὴν συναγωγὴν, ἐπαρρησιάζετο ἐπὶ μῆνας τρεῖς	1	Paul went into the synagogue and spoke boldly for three months	“Paul regularly attended the synagogue meetings for three months and spoke there boldly”
ACT	19	8	yky2		διαλεγόμενος καὶ πείθων	1	reasoning and persuading them	“convincing people with convincing arguments and with clear teaching”
ACT	19	8	v8et	figs-metonymy	περὶ τῆς Βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	about the kingdom of God	Here “kingdom” stands for God’s rule as king. Alternate translation: “about God’s rule as king” or “about how God would show himself as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	19	9	mq1g	figs-metaphor	τινες ἐσκληρύνοντο καὶ ἠπείθουν	1	some Jews were hardened and disobedient	To stubbornly refuse to believe is spoken of as though the people were becoming hard and unable to move. Alternate translation: “some Jews were stubborn and did not believe” or “some Jews stubbornly refused to accept and obey the message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	19	9	n6ir	figs-metaphor	κακολογοῦντες τὴν ὁδὸν ἐνώπιον τοῦ πλήθους	1	to speak evil of the Way before the crowd	What Christ wants people to believe is spoken of as though it were a road that a person travels. The phrase, “the Way,” seems to have been a title for Christianity at the time. Alternate translation: “to speak evil about Christianity to the crowd” or “to speak to the crowd evil things about those who follow Christ and who obey his teaching about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [Acts 9:2](../09/02.md))
ACT	19	9	ts8d		κακολογοῦντες	1	to speak evil of	“to speak bad things about”
ACT	19	9	xsm6		ἐν τῇ σχολῇ Τυράννου	1	in the lecture hall of Tyrannus	“in the large room where Tyrannus had taught people”
ACT	19	9	den4	translate-names	Τυράννου	1	Tyrannus	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	19	10	cw5g	figs-hyperbole	πάντας τοὺς κατοικοῦντας τὴν Ἀσίαν ἀκοῦσαι τὸν λόγον τοῦ Κυρίου	1	all who lived in Asia heard the word of the Lord	Here “all” is a generalization that means very many people throughout Asia heard the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	19	10	kj12	figs-metonymy	τὸν λόγον τοῦ Κυρίου	1	the word of the Lord	Here “word” stands for a message. Alternate translation: “the message about the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	19	11	cb6w			0	General Information:	Here the words “them” and “they” refer to those who were sick.
ACT	19	11	fa6h	figs-synecdoche	δυνάμεις τε οὐ τὰς τυχούσας, ὁ Θεὸς ἐποίει διὰ τῶν χειρῶν Παύλου	1	God was doing not ordinary miracles by the hands of Paul	Here “hands” stands for Paul’s whole person. Alternate translation: “God was causing Paul to do miracles” or “God was doing miracles through Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	19	11	abcy		οὐ τὰς τυχούσας	1	not ordinary	“unusual”
ACT	19	12	m3kl		καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀσθενοῦντας ἀποφέρεσθαι ἀπὸ τοῦ χρωτὸς αὐτοῦ σουδάρια ἢ σιμικίνθια, καὶ	1	even handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched him were taken to the sick and	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when they took to sick people even handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched Paul”
ACT	19	12	vc1v		καὶ…ἀπὸ τοῦ χρωτὸς αὐτοῦ σουδάρια ἢ σιμικίνθια	1	even handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched him	Possible meanings are (1) these were cloth items that Paul had touched or (2) these were cloth items that Paul had worn or used.
ACT	19	12	aks4		σουδάρια	1	handkerchiefs	cloths worn around the head
ACT	19	12	xs31		σιμικίνθια	1	aprons	clothing worn on the front of the body to protect the clothes of people
ACT	19	12	kw9z	figs-nominaladj	τοὺς ἀσθενοῦντας	1	the sick	This refers to sick people. Alternate translation: “sick people” or “those who were sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
ACT	19	12	nl3a		ἀπαλλάσσεσθαι ἀπ’ αὐτῶν τὰς νόσους	1	their illnesses left them	“those who were sick became healthy”
ACT	19	13	he2x			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of another event that happened while Paul was in Ephesus. It is about Jewish exorcists.
ACT	19	13	fgq4		ἐξορκιστῶν	1	exorcists	people who send evil spirits away from people or places
ACT	19	13	s12u	figs-metonymy	τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ	1	the name of the Lord Jesus	Here “name” refers to Jesus’ power and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	19	13	d59p		τὸν Ἰησοῦν, ὃν Παῦλος κηρύσσει	1	By the Jesus whom Paul proclaims	“Jesus” was a common name at the time, so these exorcists wanted people to know of whom they spoke.
ACT	19	13	vqt1	figs-metonymy	τὸν Ἰησοῦν	1	By the Jesus	This stands for the power and authority of Jesus. Alternate translation: “by the authority of Jesus” or “by the power of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	19	14	cb8p	translate-names	Σκευᾶ	1	Sceva	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	19	15	i4a2		τὸν Ἰησοῦν γινώσκω, καὶ τὸν Παῦλον ἐπίσταμαι	1	Jesus I know, and Paul I know	“I know Jesus and Paul” or “I know Jesus, and I know Paul”
ACT	19	15	nsl1	figs-rquestion	ὑμεῖς δὲ τίνες ἐστέ	1	but who are you?	The spirit asked this question to emphasize that the exorcists had no authority over evil spirits. Alternate translation: “but I do not know you!” or “but you have no authority over me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	19	16	ty4x		φαλόμενος ὁ ἄνθρωπος…ἐν ᾧ ἦν τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ πονηρὸν	1	The evil spirit in the man leaped	This means that the evil spirit caused the man whom it was controlling to leap on the exorcists.
ACT	19	16	lu7u		αὐτοὺς	1	exorcists	This refers to people who send evil spirits from people or places. See how you translated this in [Acts 19:13](../19/13.md).
ACT	19	16	b8cb		γυμνοὺς…ἐκφυγεῖν	1	they fled…naked	The exorcists fled with their clothes ripped off them.
ACT	19	17	j85h	figs-activepassive	ἐμεγαλύνετο τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ	1	the name of the Lord Jesus was honored	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they honored the name of the Lord Jesus” or “they considered the name of the Lord Jesus to be great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	19	17	j2hh	figs-metonymy	τὸ ὄνομα	1	the name	This stands for the power and authority of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	19	18	tj8t	writing-endofstory		0		This ends the story about the Jewish exorcists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
ACT	19	19	z9rj		συνενέγκαντες τὰς βίβλους	1	brought their books	“collected their books.” The word “books” refers to scrolls on which magical incantations and formulas were written.
ACT	19	19	m6nf		ἐνώπιον πάντων	1	in the sight of everyone	“in front of everyone”
ACT	19	19	upz3		τὰς τιμὰς αὐτῶν	1	the value of them	“the value of the books” or “the value of the scrolls”
ACT	19	19	u9pi	translate-numbers	μυριάδας πέντε	1	fifty thousand	“50,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ACT	19	19	bcv2	translate-bmoney	ἀργυρίου	1	pieces of silver	A “piece of silver” was the approximate daily wage for a common laborer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
ACT	19	20	es71	figs-synecdoche	οὕτως κατὰ κράτος τοῦ Κυρίου ὁ λόγος ηὔξανεν καὶ ἴσχυεν	1	So the word of the Lord spread very widely in powerful ways	“So because of these powerful deeds, more and more people heard the message about the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	19	21	k1j1			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul talks about going Jerusalem but does not leave Ephesus yet.
ACT	19	21	de4f		δὲ	1	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Luke starts to tell a new part of the story.
ACT	19	21	q18b		ἐπληρώθη ταῦτα…ὁ Παῦλος	1	Paul completed his ministry in Ephesus	“Paul completed the work that God had for him to do in Ephesus”
ACT	19	21	fgq5		ἔθετο…ἐν τῷ Πνεύματι	1	he decided in the Spirit	Possible meanings are (1) Paul decided with the help of the Holy Spirit or (2) Paul decided within his own spirit, which means he made up his mind.
ACT	19	21	brb7		Ἀχαΐαν	1	Achaia	Achaia was the Roman province in which Corinth was located. It was the largest city in southern Greece and the capital of the province. See how you translated this in [Acts 18:12](../18/12.md).
ACT	19	21	rdz4		δεῖ με καὶ Ῥώμην ἰδεῖν	1	I must also see Rome	“I must also travel to Rome”
ACT	19	22	cy6f	translate-names	Ἔραστον	1	Erastus	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	19	22	k35j	figs-explicit	αὐτὸς ἐπέσχεν χρόνον εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν	1	But he himself stayed in Asia for a while	It is made explicit in the next few verses that Paul remains in Ephesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	19	22	uy9x	figs-rpronouns	αὐτὸς	1	he himself	This is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
ACT	19	23	y5ae	writing-background		0	General Information:	Demetrius is introduced to the story. Verse 24 introduces background information about Demetrius. Ephesus had a large temple dedicated to the goddess Artemis, sometimes translated as “Diana.” She was a false goddess of fertility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	19	23	l7gz			0	Connecting Statement:	Luke tells about a riot that broke out while Paul was in Ephesus.
ACT	19	23	kn49		ἐγένετο…τάραχος οὐκ ὀλίγος περὶ τῆς ὁδοῦ	1	there was no small disturbance in Ephesus concerning the Way	This is a summary opening statement.
ACT	19	23	nb3p	figs-litotes	ἐγένετο…τάραχος οὐκ ὀλίγος	1	there was no small disturbance	“the people became very upset” See how you translated this in [Acts 12:18](../12/18.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
ACT	19	23	rwf2		τῆς ὁδοῦ	1	the Way	This was a term used to refer to Christianity. See how you translated this title in [Acts 9:1](../09/01.md).
ACT	19	24	cg16	writing-participants	Δημήτριος…τις ὀνόματι ἀργυροκόπος	1	A certain silversmith named Demetrius	The use of the words “a certain” introduces a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
ACT	19	24	nwt7		ἀργυροκόπος	1	silversmith	a craftsman who works with silver metal to make statues and jewelry
ACT	19	24	v8cb	translate-names	Δημήτριος…ὀνόματι	1	named Demetrius	This is the name of a man. Demetrius was a silversmith in Ephesus who was against Paul and the local church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	19	24	p58m	figs-litotes	παρείχετο…οὐκ ὀλίγην ἐργασίαν	1	brought in much business	This is a way of saying that he brought in much business. Alternate translation: “made a lot of money for those who made the idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
ACT	19	25	kuz6		τοὺς περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐργάτας	1	the workmen of that occupation	An occupation is a profession or job. Alternate translation: “others who did that kind of work”
ACT	19	26	w5z6			0	Connecting Statement:	Demetrius continues to speak to the craftsmen.
ACT	19	26	rm6w		θεωρεῖτε καὶ ἀκούετε ὅτι	1	You see and hear that	“You have come to know and understand that”
ACT	19	26	rx32	figs-metaphor	μετέστησεν ἱκανὸν ὄχλον	1	turned away many people	Paul’s stopping people from worshiping idols is spoken of as though Paul were literally turning the people in a different direction. Alternate translation: “caused many people to stop worshiping the local gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	19	26	z7e7	figs-ellipsis	λέγων ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶν θεοὶ, οἱ διὰ χειρῶν γινόμενοι	1	He is saying that there are no gods that are made with hands	Here the word “hands” can refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “He is saying that the idols that people make are not real gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	19	27	r1w2	figs-activepassive	τοῦτο κινδυνεύει ἡμῖν, τὸ μέρος εἰς ἀπελεγμὸν ἐλθεῖν	1	that our trade will no longer be needed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the people will no longer want to buy idols from us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	19	27	j3bb	figs-activepassive	τὸ τῆς μεγάλης θεᾶς Ἀρτέμιδος ἱερὸν, εἰς οὐθὲν λογισθῆναι	1	the temple of the great goddess Artemis may be considered worthless	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people will think there is no benefit in going to the temple to worship the great goddess Artemis” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	19	27	bqt4		μέλλειν τε καὶ καθαιρεῖσθαι τῆς μεγαλειότητος αὐτῆς	1	she would even lose her greatness	Artemis’s greatness only comes from what people think of her.
ACT	19	27	hz7l	figs-hyperbole	ἣν ὅλη ἡ Ἀσία καὶ ἡ οἰκουμένη σέβεται	1	whom all Asia and the world worships	This was an exaggeration to show how popular the goddess Artemis was. Here the words “Asia” and “the world” refer to the people in Asia and the known world. Alternate translation: “whom many people in Asia and in other parts of the world worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	19	28	t4lm			0	General Information:	Here “they” refers to the craftsmen who made the idols ([Acts 19:24-25](./24.md)).
ACT	19	28	uc5c	figs-metaphor	γενόμενοι πλήρεις θυμοῦ	1	they were filled with anger	This speaks of the craftsmen as though they were containers. Here “anger” is spoken of as if it were the contents that fill a container. Alternate translation: “they became very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	19	28	lcx8		ἔκραζον	1	cried out	“shouted aloud” or “shouted loudly”
ACT	19	29	t7xs	figs-metonymy	ἐπλήσθη ἡ πόλις τῆς συγχύσεως	1	The whole city was filled with confusion	Here “city” refers to the people. The city is spoken of as if it were a container. And, “confusion” is spoken of as if it were the contents that filled the container. Alternate translation: “Then people all over the city became upset and started shouting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	19	29	nt7y		ὥρμησάν τε ὁμοθυμαδὸν	1	the people rushed together	This was a mob or near riot situation.
ACT	19	29	ej3q		εἰς τὸ θέατρον	1	into the theater	The Ephesus theater was used for public meetings and for entertainment such as plays and music. It was an outdoor semi-circular area with bench seats that could hold thousands of people.
ACT	19	29	hjc8		συνεκδήμους Παύλου	1	Paul’s travel companions	The men who had been with Paul.
ACT	19	29	d6r9	translate-names	Γάϊον καὶ Ἀρίσταρχον	1	Gaius and Aristarchus	These are names of men. Gaius and Aristarchus came from Macedonia but were working with Paul in Ephesus at this time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	19	30	ii1u			0	General Information:	Ephesus was part of the Roman empire and in the province of Asia.
ACT	19	31	z7ww		δοῦναι…εἰς τὸ θέατρον	1	enter the theater	The Ephesus theater was used for public meetings and for entertainment such as plays and music. It was an outdoor semi-circular area with bench seats that could hold thousands of people. See how you translated “theater” in [Acts 19:29](../19/29.md).
ACT	19	33	jr85	translate-names	Ἀλέξανδρον	1	Alexander	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	19	33	j1mi	figs-explicit	κατασείσας τὴν χεῖρα	1	motioned with his hand	You can make explicit that Alexander was showing the crowd that he wanted them to be quiet. Alternate translation: “gestured to the crowd to be quiet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	19	33	tlq7		ἀπολογεῖσθαι	1	to give a defense	It is not clear whom or what Alexander wanted to defend. If your language requires this information, it might be best to use a general phrase like “to explain what was going on.”
ACT	19	34	u1hp	figs-metaphor	φωνὴ…μία	1	with one voice	The shouting together of the people at the same time is spoken of as though they were speaking with one voice. Alternate translation: “in unison” or “together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	19	35	fm3m	figs-you		0	General Information:	The words “You” and “you” refer to all the men present who were from Ephesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ACT	19	35	pu96			0	Connecting Statement:	The clerk of Ephesus speaks to quiet the crowd.
ACT	19	35	sy9m		ὁ γραμματεὺς	1	the town clerk	This refers to the town “writer” or “secretary.”
ACT	19	35	sd3s	figs-rquestion	τίς…ἐστιν ἀνθρώπων, ὃς οὐ γινώσκει τὴν Ἐφεσίων πόλιν νεωκόρον οὖσαν τῆς μεγάλης Ἀρτέμιδος καὶ τοῦ διοπετοῦ	1	what man is there who does not know that the city of the Ephesians is temple keeper…heaven?	The clerk asked this question to assure the crowd they were right and to comfort them. Alternate translation: “every man knows that the city of the Ephesians is temple keeper…heaven.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	19	35	k8dy	figs-litotes	ὃς οὐ γινώσκει	1	who does not know	The town clerk uses “not” to emphasize that all of the people knew this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
ACT	19	35	hiw3		νεωκόρον	1	temple keeper	The Ephesian people maintained and guarded the temple of Artemis.
ACT	19	35	afd1		τοῦ διοπετοῦς	1	the image which fell down from heaven	Within the temple of Artemis was an image of the goddess. It had been fashioned from a meteorite which fell from the sky. People thought that his rock had come directly from Zeus, the ruler of the Greek gods (idols).
ACT	19	36	r8cf		ἀναντιρρήτων οὖν ὄντων τούτων	1	Seeing then that these things are undeniable	“Since you know these things”
ACT	19	36	xj2n		μηδὲν προπετὲς πράσσειν	1	do nothing rash	“do not do anything before you have had time to think about it”
ACT	19	36	s67q		προπετὲς	1	rash	without careful thought
ACT	19	37	s8a9		τοὺς ἄνδρας τούτους	1	these men	The words “these men” refer to Gaius and Aristarchus, Paul’s traveling companions ([Acts 19:29](../19/29.md)).
ACT	19	38	wgv5			0	Connecting Statement:	The town clerk finishes speaking to the crowd.
ACT	19	38	qd4s		οὖν	1	Therefore	“Because what I have just said is true.” The town clerk had said in [Acts 19:37](../19/37.md) that Gaius and Aristarchus were not robbers or blasphemers.
ACT	19	38	zkx5	figs-abstractnouns	ἔχουσιν πρός τινα λόγον	1	have an accusation against anyone	The word “accusation” can be stated as the verb “accuse.” Alternate translation: “want to accuse someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	19	38	szf7	translate-unknown	ἀνθύπατοί	1	proconsuls	the Roman governor’s representatives who made legal decisions in court (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
ACT	19	38	g8tp		ἐγκαλείτωσαν ἀλλήλοις	1	Let them accuse one another	This does not mean Demetrius and those with him will accuse each other. It means this is a place where people in general can speak their accusation. Alternate translation: “There people can accuse one another”
ACT	19	39	hxh3		εἰ δέ τι περὶ ἑτέρων ἐπιζητεῖτε	1	But if you seek anything about other matters	“But if you have other matters to discuss”
ACT	19	39	wga5	figs-activepassive	ἐν τῇ ἐννόμῳ ἐκκλησίᾳ ἐπιλυθήσεται	1	it shall be settled in the regular assembly	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let us settle it in the regular assembly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	19	39	et5j		τῇ ἐννόμῳ ἐκκλησίᾳ	1	the regular assembly	This refers to a public gathering of citizens over which the county clerk presided.
ACT	19	40	sds7	figs-activepassive	κινδυνεύομεν ἐνκαλεῖσθαι στάσεως περὶ τῆς σήμερον	1	in danger of being accused concerning this day’s riot	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “in danger of the Roman authorities accusing us of starting this riot today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	20	intro	u91c			0		# Acts 20 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In this chapter Luke describes Paul’s last visits to believers in the provinces of Macedonia and Asia before he went to Jerusalem.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Race<br><br>Paul spoke of living for Jesus as if he were running in a race. By this he meant that he needed to keep working hard even when things were difficult and he wanted to quit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/discipline]])<br><br>### “Compelled by the Spirit”<br><br>Paul thought that the Holy Spirit wanted him to go to Jerusalem even if Paul did not want to go there. The same Holy Spirit told other people that when Paul arrived in Jerusalem, people would try to harm him.
ACT	20	1	cwq7			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul leaves Ephesus and continues his travels.
ACT	20	1	y5cq		μετὰ δὲ τὸ παύσασθαι	1	After the uproar	“After the riot” or “Following the riot”
ACT	20	1	hr32		ἀσπασάμενος	1	he said farewell	“he said goodbye”
ACT	20	2	edb8		παρακαλέσας αὐτοὺς λόγῳ πολλῷ	1	spoken many words of encouragement to them	“had greatly encouraged the believers” or “had said many things to encourage the believers”
ACT	20	3	yxj3	figs-metaphor	ποιήσας τε μῆνας τρεῖς	1	After he had spent three months there	“After he had stayed there three months.” This speaks about time as if it were something a person could spend. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	20	3	cit9	figs-activepassive	γενομένης ἐπιβουλῆς αὐτῷ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων	1	a plot was formed against him by the Jews	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Jews formed a plot against him” or “the Jews formed a secret plan to harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	20	3	ah5w	figs-synecdoche	ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων	1	by the Jews	This means only some of the Jews. Alternate translation: “by some of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	20	3	m7na		μέλλοντι ἀνάγεσθαι εἰς τὴν Συρίαν	1	as he was about to sail for Syria	“as he was ready to sail for Syria”
ACT	20	4	y35x	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “him” refers to Paul ([Acts 20:1](../20/01.md)). All instances of “us” and “we” in the verses that follow refer to the writer and Paul and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	20	4	c9et		συνείπετο δὲ αὐτῷ	1	Accompanying him	“Traveling with him”
ACT	20	4	dw6j	translate-names	Σώπατρος…Πύρρου…Σεκοῦνδος,…Τυχικὸς…Τρόφιμος	1	Sopater…Pyrrhus…Secundus…Tychicus…Trophimus	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	20	4	w4n1	translate-names	Βεροιαῖος…Δερβαῖος	1	Berea…Derbe	These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	20	4	w8j6		Ἀρίσταρχος…Γάϊος	1	Aristarchus…Gaius	These are names of men. See how you translated these names in [Acts 19:29](../19/29.md).
ACT	20	5	itz1	translate-names	Τρῳάδι	1	Troas	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	20	5	kv8t		οὗτοι…προσελθόντες	1	these men had gone before us	“these men had traveled ahead of us”
ACT	20	6	l5dr		τὰς ἡμέρας τῶν Ἀζύμων	1	the days of unleavened bread	This refers to a time of Jewish religious feast time during the Passover season. See how you translated this in [Acts 12:3](../12/03.md).
ACT	20	7	dnt4	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “we” refers to the writer, Paul, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [Acts 20:4-6](./04.md))
ACT	20	7	mbr8			0	Connecting Statement:	Luke tells about Paul’s preaching in Troas and about what happened to Eutychus.
ACT	20	7	zff8	figs-synecdoche	κλάσαι ἄρτον	1	to break bread	Bread was part of their meals. Possible meanings are (1) this refers simply to eating a meal together. Alternate translation: “eat a meal” or (2) this refers to the meal they would eat together in order to remember Christ’s death and resurrection. Alternate translation: “to eat the Lord’s Supper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	20	7	j888		παρέτεινέν τε τὸν λόγον	1	he kept speaking	“he continued to speak”
ACT	20	8	ak8z		ὑπερῴῳ	1	upper room	This may have been the third floor house.
ACT	20	9	hw7b			0	General Information:	Here the word “himself” refers to Paul. The first word “he” refers to Paul; the second word “he” refers to the young man, Eutychus. The word “him” refers to Eutychus.
ACT	20	9	v5q7		ἐπὶ τῆς θυρίδος	1	In the window	This was an opening in the wall with a ledge that was wide enough on which a person could sit.
ACT	20	9	ju64	translate-names	Εὔτυχος	1	Eutychus	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	20	9	tsp4	figs-metaphor	καταφερόμενος ὕπνῳ βαθεῖ	1	who fell into a deep sleep	This speaks about sleep as if it were a deep hole into which a person could fall. Alternate translation: “who slept soundly” or “who became more and more tired until finally he was sleeping soundly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	20	9	abcz		κατενεχθεὶς ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕπνου	1	overcome by sleep	The young man was fell asleep, not Paul.
ACT	20	9	jp89	figs-activepassive	τριστέγου…καὶ ἤρθη νεκρός	1	third story and was picked up dead	When they went down to check his condition, they saw he was dead. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “third story; and when they went to pick him up, they found that he was dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	20	9	kh3h		τριστέγου	1	third story	This means two floors above the ground floor. If your culture does not count the ground floor, you may state this as the “second story.”
ACT	20	11	av7m			0	General Information:	Here the word “he” refers to Paul.
ACT	20	11	lih8			0	Connecting Statement:	This is the end of the part of the story about Paul’s preaching at Troas and about Eutychus.
ACT	20	11	w5w8	figs-synecdoche	κλάσας τὸν ἄρτον	1	broke bread	Bread was a common food during meals. Here “break bread” probably means they shared a meal with more kinds of food than just bread. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	20	11	t88c		οὕτως ἐξῆλθεν	1	he left	“he went away”
ACT	20	12	jkj5		τὸν παῖδα	1	the boy	This refers to Eutychus ([Acts 20:9](../20/09.md)). Possible meanings are (1) he was a young man over 14 years old or (2) he was a boy between 9 and 14 years old or (3) the word “boy” implies that he was a servant or a slave.
ACT	20	12	abc0	figs-litotes	οὐ μετρίως	1	not moderately	This is a way of saying that they were greatly comforted. Alternate translation: “greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
ACT	20	13	dja7	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	The words “he,” “himself,” and “him” refer to Paul. Here the word “we” refers to the writer and those traveling with him, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	20	13	awt9			0	Connecting Statement:	The writer Luke, Paul, and his other companions continue their travels; however, Paul goes separately for part of the trip.
ACT	20	13	w4ew	figs-rpronouns	ἡμεῖς…προελθόντες	1	We ourselves went	The word “ourselves” adds emphasis and separates Luke and his traveling companions from Paul, who did not travel by boat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
ACT	20	13	q4yz	translate-names	ἀνήχθημεν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἆσσον	1	sailed away to Assos	Assos is a town located directly below present day Behram in Turkey on the coast of the Aegean sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	20	13	nq2q	figs-rpronouns	διατεταγμένος	1	he himself desired	Himself is used to emphasize that this is what Paul wanted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
ACT	20	13	p8y7		πεζεύειν	1	to go by land	“to travel on land”
ACT	20	14	ju8f	translate-names	ἤλθομεν εἰς Μιτυλήνην	1	went to Mitylene	Mitylene is a town located in present day Mitilini in Turkey on the coast of the Aegean sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	20	15	ll2h	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “we” refers to Paul, the writer, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	20	15	e6va		ἄντικρυς Χίου	1	opposite the island	“near the island” or “across from the island”
ACT	20	15	ulk6	translate-names	Χίου	1	the island of Chios	Chios is an island off the coast of modern day Turkey in the Aegean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	20	15	jyr7		παρεβάλομεν εἰς Σάμον	1	we touched at the island of Samos	“we arrived at the island of Samos”
ACT	20	15	b6c6	translate-names	Σάμον	1	island of Samos	Samos is an island south of Chios in the Aegean Sea off the coast of modern day Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	20	15	s7g2	translate-names	Μίλητον	1	the city of Miletus	Miletus was a port city in western Asia Minor near the mouth of the Meander River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	20	16	p272	translate-names	κεκρίκει γὰρ ὁ Παῦλος παραπλεῦσαι τὴν Ἔφεσον	1	For Paul had decided to sail past Ephesus	Paul sailed south past the port city of Ephesus, further south in order to land at Miletus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	20	16	p61e	figs-metaphor	ὅπως μὴ γένηται αὐτῷ χρονοτριβῆσαι	1	so that he would not spend any time	This speaks about “time” as if it were a commodity that a person could spend or use up. Alternate translation: “so that he would not have to remain for a time” or “so that he would not have a delay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	20	17	nw52	figs-inclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “he” refers to Paul. The word “our” refers to Paul and the elders to whom he is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
ACT	20	17	v9al			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul calls the elders of the church of Ephesus and begins to speak to them.
ACT	20	17	l9aj	translate-names	τῆς Μιλήτου	1	Miletus	Miletus was a port city in western Asia Minor near the mouth of the Meander River. See how you translated this in [Acts 20:15](../20/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	20	18	b6li	figs-rpronouns	ὑμεῖς	1	You yourselves	Here “yourselves” is used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
ACT	20	18	vw6n	figs-synecdoche	ἐπέβην εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν	1	I set foot in Asia	Here “foot” stands for the entire person. Alternate translation: “I entered Asia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	20	18	t7zs	figs-metaphor	πῶς μεθ’ ὑμῶν τὸν πάντα χρόνον ἐγενόμην	1	how I always spent my time with you	This speaks about time as if it were something that a person could spend. Alternate translation: “how I always conducted myself when I was with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	20	19	m8x9	figs-metaphor	ταπεινοφροσύνης	1	lowliness of mind	This speaks about something humble as if it were low to the ground. The word “mind” stands for a person’s inner attitude. Alternate translation: “humility” or “humbleness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	20	19	wh5m	figs-metonymy	δακρύων	1	with tears	Here “tears” stands for feeling sad and crying. Alternate translation: “I crying as I served the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	20	19	e6k7		πειρασμῶν, τῶν συμβάντων μοι	1	in sufferings that happened to me	“Sufferings” is an abstract noun. The meaning can be expressed as a verb. Alternate Translation: “while I suffered” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)
ACT	20	19	y5iw	figs-synecdoche	τῶν Ἰουδαίων	1	of the Jews	This does not mean every Jew. This lets us know who plotted. Alternate translation: “of some of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	20	20	nu7h		ὡς οὐδὲν ὑπεστειλάμην…τοῦ μὴ ἀναγγεῖλαι ὑμῖν	1	You know how I did not keep back from declaring to you	“You know how I was never silent, but I always declared to you”
ACT	20	20	kut9	figs-ellipsis	κατ’ οἴκους	1	from house to house	Paul taught people in various private homes. The words “I taught” are understood. Alternate translation: “I also taught when I was in your homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ACT	20	21	w7mv	figs-abstractnouns	τὴν εἰς Θεὸν μετάνοιαν καὶ πίστιν εἰς τὸν Κύριον ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦν	1	about repentance toward God and of faith in our Lord Jesus	The abstract nouns “repentance” and “faith” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “that they need to repent before God and believe in our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	20	22	ty3b			0	General Information:	Here the word “I” refers to Paul.
ACT	20	22	vam4	figs-activepassive	δεδεμένος…τῷ Πνεύματι	1	compelled by the Spirit	They can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because the Spirit compels me to go there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	20	22	a9j1		τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ συναντήσοντά μοι, μὴ εἰδώς	1	not knowing what will happen to me there	“and I do not know what will happen to me there”
ACT	20	23	q3ie	figs-metonymy	δεσμὰ καὶ θλίψεις με μένουσιν	1	chains and sufferings await me	Here “chains” refers to Paul’s being arrested and put in prison. Alternate translation: “people will put me in prison and cause me to suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	20	24	w8d2	figs-metaphor	ὡς τελειῶσαι τὸν δρόμον μου, καὶ τὴν διακονίαν ἣν ἔλαβον παρὰ τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ	1	if only I may finish the race and complete the ministry that I received from the Lord Jesus	This speaks about Paul’s “race” and “ministry” as if they are objects that Jesus gives and Paul receives. Here “race” and “ministry” mean basically the same thing. Paul repeats this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “so that I may complete the work that the Lord Jesus has commanded me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
ACT	20	24	m5gc	figs-metaphor	τελειῶσαι τὸν δρόμον	1	finish the race	Paul speaks about completing the work that Jesus has commanded him to do as if he were running a race. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	20	24	hg3l		διαμαρτύρασθαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	to testify to the gospel of the grace of God	“to tell people the good news about God’s grace.” This is the ministry that Paul received from Jesus.
ACT	20	25	f1sb			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues to talk to the Ephesian elders ([Acts 20:17](../20/17.md)).
ACT	20	25	kj9c		καὶ νῦν ἰδοὺ, ἐγὼ οἶδα	1	Now look, I know	“Now, pay careful attention, because I know”
ACT	20	25	z4ng		ἐγὼ οἶδα ὅτι…ὑμεῖς πάντες	1	I know that you all	“I know that all of you”
ACT	20	25	aur9	figs-metonymy	ἐν οἷς διῆλθον κηρύσσων τὴν βασιλείαν	1	among whom I went about proclaiming the kingdom	Here “kingdom” stands for God’s rule as king. Alternate translation: “to whom I preached the message about God’s reign as king” or “to whom I preached about how God will show himself as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	20	25	cq45	figs-synecdoche	οὐκέτι ὄψεσθε τὸ πρόσωπόν μου	1	will see my face no more	The word “face” here represents Paul’s physical body. Alternate translation: “will not see me anymore on this earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	20	26	e546	figs-metonymy	καθαρός εἰμι ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος πάντων	1	I am innocent of the blood of any man	Here “blood” stands for a person’s death, which, in this case, is not physical death but spiritual death when God declares a person guilty of sin. Paul had told them God’s truth. Alternate translation: “I am not responsible for anyone whom God judges guilty of sin because they did not trust in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	20	26	v5el	figs-gendernotations	πάντων	1	any man	Here this means any person whether male or female. Alternate translation: “any person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
ACT	20	27	qa9y	figs-litotes	οὐ γὰρ ὑπεστειλάμην τοῦ μὴ ἀναγγεῖλαι…ὑμῖν	1	For I did not hold back from declaring to you	“For I did not keep silent and not tell you.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “For I certainly declared to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
ACT	20	28	u52d	figs-metaphor	τῷ ποιμνίῳ, ἐν ᾧ ὑμᾶς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον ἔθετο ἐπισκόπους, ποιμαίνειν τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the flock of which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers. Be careful to shepherd the church of God	Believers are likened to a “flock” of sheep here. Church leaders are entrusted by God with the care of the community of believers just as a shepherd would care for his flock of sheep and protect them from wolves. Alternate translation: “the group of believers the Holy spirit has entrusted to you. Be sure to take care of the church of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	20	28	cx69	figs-metaphor	τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἣν περιεποιήσατο διὰ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ ἰδίου	1	the church of God, which he purchased with his own blood	The shedding of the “blood” of Christ here is likened to a payment to God for our sins. Alternate translation: “the people Christ saved from their sins by shedding his blood on the cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	20	28	hjh6	figs-metonymy	τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ ἰδίου	1	his own blood	Here “blood” stands for Christ’s death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	20	29	ka6u	figs-metaphor	εἰσελεύσονται…λύκοι βαρεῖς εἰς ὑμᾶς, μὴ φειδόμενοι τοῦ ποιμνίου	1	vicious wolves will come in among you and will not spare the flock	This is a picture of people who teach false doctrine and who harm the community of believers as though they were wolves that eat the sheep of the flock. Alternate translation: “many enemies will come among you and try to harm the community of believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	20	30	ftf4	figs-metaphor	τοῦ ἀποσπᾶν τοὺς μαθητὰς ὀπίσω ἑαυτῶν	1	in order to draw away the disciples after them	A false teacher convincing believers to start believing his false teaching is spoken of as if he were leading sheep away from the flock to follow him. Alternate translation: “in order to convince people who are disciples of Christ to become his disciples instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	20	31	q2nl		γρηγορεῖτε, μνημονεύοντες	1	be on guard. Remember	“be on guard and remember” or “be on guard as you remember”
ACT	20	31	ll64	figs-metaphor	γρηγορεῖτε	1	be on guard	“be awake and alert” or “watch out.” Christian leaders being alert about anyone that may harm the community of believers is spoken of as if they were guards in an army watching out for the enemy army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	20	31	pvt6		μνημονεύοντες ὅτι	1	Remember that	“Continue to remember that” or “Do not forget that”
ACT	20	31	rt1h	figs-hyperbole	τριετίαν νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν, οὐκ ἐπαυσάμην…νουθετῶν	1	for three years I did not stop instructing…night and day	Paul did not teach them continuously for three years, but over the space of three years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	20	31	hs1m		οὐκ ἐπαυσάμην…νουθετῶν	1	I did not stop instructing	“I did not stop warning”
ACT	20	31	rvh6	figs-metonymy	μετὰ δακρύων	1	with tears	Here “tears” refers to Paul’s crying because of the strong emotion of concern he felt while he was warning the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	20	32	ylm3	figs-metonymy	παρατίθεμαι ὑμᾶς τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ τῷ λόγῳ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ	1	I entrust you to God and to the word of his grace	Here “word” stands for a message. Alternate translation: “I ask God to take care of you and that he will help you to keep believing the message I spoke to you about his grace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	20	32	vnb2		παρατίθεμαι	1	entrust	to give someone else the responsibility of taking care of someone or something
ACT	20	32	s7rf	figs-metaphor	τῷ…δυναμένῳ οἰκοδομῆσαι	1	which is able to build you up	A person’s faith becoming stronger is spoken of as if the person were a wall and someone were building him higher and stronger. Alternate translation: “which is able to make become stronger and stronger in your faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	20	32	zvz8	figs-personification	δοῦναι τὴν κληρονομίαν	1	to give you the inheritance	This speaks about the “word of his grace” as if it were God himself that would give the inheritance to believers. Alternate translation: “God will give you the inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
ACT	20	32	x5jy	figs-metaphor	τὴν κληρονομίαν	1	the inheritance	The blessings that God gives believers is spoken of as if they were money or property that a child inherits from his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	20	33	y6ii			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul finishes speaking to the elders of the church of Ephesus; he began to speak them in [Acts 20:18](../20/18.md).
ACT	20	33	yw8a		ἀργυρίου…οὐδενὸς ἐπεθύμησα	1	I coveted no man’s silver	“I did not desire someone’s silver” or “I did not want for myself anyone’s silver”
ACT	20	33	ipq5		ἀργυρίου, ἢ χρυσίου, ἢ ἱματισμοῦ, οὐδενὸς	1	man’s silver, gold, or clothing	Clothing was considered a treasure; the more you had, the richer you were.
ACT	20	34	f5a3	figs-rpronouns	αὐτοὶ	1	You yourselves	The word “yourselves” is used here to add emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
ACT	20	34	ja5v	figs-synecdoche	ταῖς χρείαις μου…ὑπηρέτησαν αἱ χεῖρες αὗται	1	these hands served my own needs	The word “hands” here represents the entire person. Alternate translation: “I worked to earn money and pay for my own expenses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	20	35	wn8j		κοπιῶντας δεῖ ἀντιλαμβάνεσθαι τῶν ἀσθενούντων	1	you should help the weak by working	“you should work so as to have money to help people who cannot earn it for themselves”
ACT	20	35	p3n8	figs-nominaladj	τῶν ἀσθενούντων	1	the weak	You can state this nominal adjective as an adjective. Alternate translation: “weak persons” or “those who are weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
ACT	20	35	dpu1		ἀσθενούντων	1	weak	“sick”
ACT	20	35	ps2i	figs-metonymy	τῶν λόγων τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ	1	the words of the Lord Jesus	Here “words” refers to what Jesus has said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	20	35	e396		μακάριόν ἐστιν μᾶλλον, διδόναι ἢ λαμβάνειν	1	It is more blessed to give than to receive	This means a person receives the favor of God and experiences more joy when he gives to other people rather than always receiving from other people.
ACT	20	36	q6bs			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul ends his time with the elders of the church of Ephesus by praying with them.
ACT	20	36	u3uc	translate-symaction	θεὶς τὰ γόνατα αὐτοῦ…προσηύξατο	1	he knelt down and prayed	It was a common custom to kneel down while praying. It was a sign of humility before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT	20	37	pb4r		ἐπιπεσόντες ἐπὶ τὸν τράχηλον τοῦ Παύλου	1	embraced Paul	“hugged him closely” or “put their arms around him”
ACT	20	37	sze4		κατεφίλουν αὐτόν	1	kissed him	Kissing someone on the cheek is an expression of brotherly or friendly love in the Middle East.
ACT	20	38	bs3s	figs-synecdoche	οὐκέτι μέλλουσιν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ θεωρεῖν	1	they would never see his face again	The word “face” here represents Paul’s physical body. Alternate translation: “will not see me anymore on this earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	21	intro	gh1j			0		# Acts 21 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Acts 21:1-19 describes Paul’s journey to Jerusalem. After he arrived in Jerusalem, the believers there told him that the Jews wanted to harm him and what he should do so they would not harm him (verses 20-26). Even though Paul did what the believers told him to do, the Jews tried to kill him. The Romans rescued him and gave him a chance to speak to the Jews.<br><br>The last verse of the chapter ends with an incomplete sentence. Most translations leave the sentence incomplete, as the ULT does.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “They are all determined to keep the law”<br><br>The Jews in Jerusalem were following the law of Moses. Even those who were following Jesus still kept the law. Both groups thought that Paul had been telling Jews in Greece not to keep the law. But it was only the Gentiles to whom Paul was saying that.<br><br>### Nazarite vow<br>The vow that Paul and his three friends made was probably a Nazarite vow, because they shaved their heads ([Acts 21:23](../../act/21/23.md)).<br><br>### Gentiles in the temple<br><br>The Jews accused Paul of bringing a Gentile man into a part of the temple into which God only allowed Jews to go. They thought that God wanted them to punish Paul by killing him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br><br>### Roman citizenship<br><br>The Romans thought that they needed to treat only Roman citizens justly. They could do as they desired with people who were not Roman citizens, but they had to obey the law with other Romans. Some people were born Roman citizens, and others gave money to the Roman government so they could become Roman citizens.
ACT	21	1	s3h3	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “we” refers to Luke, Paul, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	21	1	i6f8			0	Connecting Statement:	The writer Luke, Paul, and his companions continue their travels.
ACT	21	1	zz5h		εὐθυδρομήσαντες ἤλθομεν εἰς τὴν Κῶ	1	we took a straight course to the city of Cos	“we went straight to the city of Cos” or “we went directly to the city of Cos”
ACT	21	1	e5y6	translate-names	Κῶ	1	city of Cos	Cos is a Greek island off the coast of modern day Turkey in the South Aegean Sea region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	21	1	p6ss	translate-names	Ῥόδον	1	city of Rhodes	Rhodes is a Greek island off the coast of modern day Turkey in the South Aegean Sea region south of Cos and northeast of Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	21	1	x7kg	translate-names	Πάταρα	1	city of Patara	Patara is a city on the southwest coast of modern day Turkey south of the Aegean Sea in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	21	2	nz9k	figs-metonymy	καὶ εὑρόντες πλοῖον διαπερῶν εἰς Φοινίκην	1	When we found a ship crossing over to Phoenicia	Here “a ship crossing over” stands for the crew that would sail the ship. Alternate translation: “When we found a ship with a crew sailing over to Phoenicia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	21	2	vbd3		πλοῖον διαπερῶν	1	a ship crossing over	Here “crossing” does not mean it was presently crossing but that it would be crossing to Phoenicia soon. Alternate translation: “a ship that would be going across the water” or “a ship that would be going”
ACT	21	3	er3r	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “we” refers to Luke, Paul, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	21	3	vkr2		καταλιπόντες αὐτὴν εὐώνυμον	1	leaving it on the left side of the boat	“passed the island on the left” the left is the “port” side of a boat.
ACT	21	3	hwx8	figs-metonymy	ἐκεῖσε…τὸ πλοῖον ἦν ἀποφορτιζόμενον τὸν γόμον	1	where the ship was to unload its cargo	Here “ship” stands for the crew that was sailing the ship. Alternate translation: “the crew would unload the cargo from the ship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	21	4	y35m		οἵτινες τῷ Παύλῳ ἔλεγον διὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος	1	Through the Spirit they kept urging Paul	“These believers told Paul what the Holy Spirit had revealed to them.” They “urged him over and over.”
ACT	21	5	fe1u			0	General Information:	Here the word “They” refers to the believers from Tyre.
ACT	21	5	a5wj	figs-metaphor	ὅτε…ἐγένετο ἡμᾶς ἐξαρτίσαι τὰς ἡμέρας	1	When our days there were over	This speaks about days as if they were something that a person could spend. Alternate translation: “When the seven days were over” or “When it was time to leave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	21	5	q8xl	translate-symaction	θέντες τὰ γόνατα ἐπὶ τὸν αἰγιαλὸν προσευξάμενοι	1	knelt down on the beach, prayed	It was a common custom to kneel down while praying. This was a sign of humility before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT	21	6	ja1x		ἀπησπασάμεθα ἀλλήλους	1	said farewell to each other	“said goodbye to one another”
ACT	21	7	hy6e	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “we” refers to Luke, Paul and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	21	7	kt6u			0	Connecting Statement:	This begins Paul’s time in Caesarea.
ACT	21	7	z4nt	translate-names	κατηντήσαμεν εἰς Πτολεμαΐδα	1	we arrived at Ptolemais	Ptolemaic was a city south of Tyre, Lebanon. Ptolemaic is modern day Acre, Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	21	7	ff1s		τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς	1	the brothers	“fellow believers”
ACT	21	8	ay52		ἐκ τῶν ἑπτὰ	1	one of the seven	The “seven” refers to the men chosen to distribute food and aid to the widows in [Acts 6:5](../06/05.md).
ACT	21	8	vi48		εὐαγγελιστοῦ	1	evangelist	a person who tells people good news
ACT	21	9	rcf4		τούτῳ	1	this man	“Philip” from verse 8.
ACT	21	9	cv8b	writing-background	δὲ	1	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Luke tells background information about Philip and his daughters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	21	9	r1i1		θυγατέρες τέσσαρες παρθένοι, προφητεύουσαι	1	four virgin daughters who prophesied	“four virgin daughters who regularly received and passed along messages from God”
ACT	21	10	fe6s	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the words “we” and “us” refers to Luke, Paul, and those with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	21	10	hx8k			0	Connecting Statement:	This tells about a prophecy made about Paul in Caesarea by the prophet Agabus.
ACT	21	10	n3i8	writing-participants	τις…προφήτης ὀνόματι Ἅγαβος	1	a certain prophet named Agabus	This introduces a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
ACT	21	10	f9cb	translate-names	ὀνόματι Ἅγαβος	1	named Agabus	Agabus was a man from Judea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	21	11	i8t2		ἄρας τὴν ζώνην τοῦ Παύλου	1	took Paul’s belt	“removed Paul’s belt from Paul’s waist”
ACT	21	11	nq2y	figs-quotesinquotes	τάδε λέγει τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον, τὸν ἄνδρα οὗ ἐστιν ἡ ζώνη αὕτη, οὕτως δήσουσιν ἐν Ἰερουσαλὴμ οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, καὶ παραδώσουσιν εἰς χεῖρας ἐθνῶν.	1	Thus says the Holy Spirit, ‘So shall the Jews in Jerusalem tie up…of the Gentiles.’	This is a quotation within a quotation. The inner quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “‘The Holy Spirit says that this will be how the Jews in Jerusalem will tie up…of the Gentiles.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
ACT	21	11	i8u7	figs-synecdoche	οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι	1	the Jews	This does not mean all the Jews, but that these were the people who would do that. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” or “some of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	21	11	zvw8		παραδώσουσιν	1	hand him over	“deliver him”
ACT	21	11	s92d	figs-metonymy	εἰς χεῖρας ἐθνῶν	1	into the hands of the Gentiles	The word “hands” here represents control. Alternate translation: “into the legal custody of the Gentiles” or “to the Gentiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	21	11	b59g	figs-synecdoche	ἐθνῶν	1	the Gentiles	This stands for the authorities among the Gentiles. Alternate translation: “the Gentile authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	21	12	fvh4	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “we” refers to Luke and the other believers but does not include the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	21	13	uwt2	figs-rquestion	τί ποιεῖτε, κλαίοντες καὶ συνθρύπτοντές μου τὴν καρδίαν	1	What are you doing, weeping and breaking my heart	Paul asks this question to show the believers they should stop trying to persuade him. Alternate translation: “Stop what you are doing. Your weeping is breaking my heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	21	13	bj76	figs-metaphor	συνθρύπτοντές μου τὴν καρδίαν	1	breaking my heart	To make someone sad or to discourage someone is spoken of as if it were a heart being broken. Here “heart” stands for a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “discouraging me” or “making me very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	21	13	p5e5	figs-activepassive	οὐ μόνον δεθῆναι	1	not only to be tied up	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “not only for them to tie me up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	21	13	q35x	figs-metonymy	ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ	1	for the name of the Lord Jesus	Here “name” refers to the person of Jesus. Alternate translation: “for the sake of the Lord Jesus” or “because I believe in the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	21	14	hwc5	figs-activepassive	μὴ πειθομένου…αὐτοῦ	1	Paul would not be persuaded	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Paul would not allow us to persuade him” or “We were unable to persuade Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	21	14	zl98	figs-ellipsis	πειθομένου	1	persuaded	You may need to make explicit what they could not persuade Paul not to do. Alternate translation: “persuaded not to go up to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ACT	21	14	as1i	figs-activepassive	τοῦ Κυρίου τὸ θέλημα γινέσθω	1	May the will of the Lord be done	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May everything happen as the Lord has planned it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	21	15	p5fm	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “we” refers to Luke, Paul, and those traveling with them, and not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	21	15	p5fl	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	The word “They” refers to some of the disciples from Caesarea.
ACT	21	15	kd5l			0	Connecting Statement:	This ends Paul’s time in Caesarea.
ACT	21	16	k9kr		ἄγοντες παρ’…τινι	1	They brought with them a man	“Among them was a man”
ACT	21	16	zd9i	translate-names	Μνάσωνί, τινι Κυπρίῳ	1	Mnason, a man from Cyprus	Mnason is a man from the island of Cyprus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	21	16	c7r2		ἀρχαίῳ μαθητῇ	1	an early disciple	This means Mnason was one of the first to believe in Jesus.
ACT	21	17	zpa7			0	General Information:	Here the words “he” and “his” refers to Paul. The word “them” refers to the elders.
ACT	21	17	wz34			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul and his companions arrive in Jerusalem.
ACT	21	17	d3gj	figs-gendernotations	ἀπεδέξαντο ἡμᾶς οἱ ἀδελφοί	1	the brothers welcomed us	Here “brothers” refers to the believers in Jerusalem whether male or female. Alternate translation: “the fellow believers welcomed us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
ACT	21	19	bx9e		ἐξηγεῖτο καθ’ ἓν ἕκαστον	1	he reported one by one	“he gave a detailed account of all”
ACT	21	20	zks9			0	Connecting Statement:	The elders in Jerusalem begin their response to Paul.
ACT	21	20	a1hk		οἱ…ἀκούσαντες…ἐδόξαζον…εἶπόν τε αὐτῷ	1	they heard…they praised…they said to him	Here the word “they” refers to James and the elders. The word “him” refers to Paul.
ACT	21	20	xki4		ἀδελφέ	1	brother	Here “brother” means “fellow believer.”
ACT	21	20	c5pu		ὑπάρχουσιν	1	They are	The word “they” refers to Jewish believers who wanted all believing Jews to keep the Jewish laws and customs.
ACT	21	21	pyg8	figs-explicit	κατηχήθησαν δὲ περὶ σοῦ, ὅτι ἀποστασίαν διδάσκεις ἀπὸ Μωϋσέως τοὺς κατὰ τὰ ἔθνη πάντας Ἰουδαίους, λέγων μὴ περιτέμνειν αὐτοὺς τὰ τέκνα, μηδὲ τοῖς ἔθεσιν περιπατεῖν	1	They have been told about you…not to follow the old customs	Apparently here there are some Jews that are distorting what Paul is teaching. He does not discourage the Jews from obeying the law of Moses. His message is that circumcision and the other customs are not necessary for Jesus to save them. You can make explicit that the leaders of the Jewish believers in Jerusalem knew that Paul was teaching God’s true message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	21	21	e5s4	figs-activepassive	κατηχήθησαν	1	They have been told	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People have told the Jewish believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	21	21	sdl3	figs-metonymy	ἀποστασίαν…ἀπὸ Μωϋσέως	1	to abandon Moses	Here “Moses” stands for the law of Moses. Alternate translation: “to stop obeying the laws that Moses gave us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	21	21	knt4	figs-metaphor	μηδὲ τοῖς ἔθεσιν περιπατεῖν	1	not to follow the old customs	To obey the old customs is spoken of as if the customs were leading them and the people follow behind. Alternate translation: “not to obey the old customs” or “not to practice the old customs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	21	21	u56t		τοῖς ἔθεσιν	1	the old customs	“the customs that Jews normally do”
ACT	21	22	b28b	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “we” refers to James and the elders ([Acts 21:18](../21/18.md)). The word “They” refers to the Jewish believers in Jerusalem who wanted to teach Jewish believers that they could still follow the laws of Moses ([Acts 21:20-21](./20.md)). The words “them,” “their,” and the first “they” refer to the four men who made a vow. The second words “they” and “They” refer to the Jewish believers in Jerusalem who wanted to teach Jewish believers that they could still follow the laws of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	21	23	b22r		ἄνδρες τέσσαρες, εὐχὴν ἔχοντες	1	four men who made a vow	“four men who made a promise to God.” This was the kind of vow where a person would not drink alcohol or cut his hair until the end of a set period of time.
ACT	21	24	km4w	figs-explicit	τούτους παραλαβὼν, ἁγνίσθητι σὺν αὐτοῖς	1	Take these men and purify yourself with them	They had to make themselves ritually pure so they could worship in the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	21	24	c3ap	figs-explicit	δαπάνησον ἐπ’ αὐτοῖς	1	pay their expenses for them	“pay for what they will need.” The expenses would go toward buying a male and female lamb, a ram, and grain and drink offerings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	21	24	abq6	translate-symaction	ξυρήσονται τὴν κεφαλήν	1	they may shave their heads	This was a sign that the person had completed what they promised God they would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT	21	24	nu9v	figs-activepassive	ὧν κατήχηνται περὶ σοῦ	1	the things they have been told about you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the things that people are saying about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	21	24	sv6i	figs-metaphor	φυλάσσων τὸν νόμον	1	follow the law	This speaks of obeying the law as if the law were a leader and the people follow behind it. Alternate translation: “obey the law” or “live a life that conforms to the law of Moses and other Jewish customs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	21	25	c4kl	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “we” refers to James and the elders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	21	25	cqm9			0	Connecting Statement:	James and the elders in Jerusalem finish their request to Paul ([Acts 21:18](../21/18.md)).
ACT	21	25	a35u	figs-explicit	φυλάσσεσθαι αὐτοὺς, τό τε εἰδωλόθυτον, καὶ αἷμα, καὶ πνικτὸν	1	they should keep themselves from things sacrificed to idols, from blood, from what is strangled	All of these are rules about what they can eat. They are forbidden to eat meat of animals sacrificed to an idol, meat with blood still in it, and meat from a strangled animal because it would still have blood in the meat. See how you translated similar phrases in [Acts 15:20](../15/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	21	25	bpb5	figs-activepassive	φυλάσσεσθαι αὐτοὺς, τό τε εἰδωλόθυτον	1	they should keep themselves from things sacrificed to idols	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they stay away from the meat of an animal that someone sacrificed to an idol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	21	25	wjd2	figs-explicit	πνικτὸν	1	from what is strangled	This can be stated in active form. You can also state explicitly the assumed information about strangled animals. Alternate translation: “from animals that a person has strangled” or “from animals that a person killed for food but did not drain its blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	21	26	cr14		παραλαβὼν τοὺς ἄνδρας	1	took the men	These are the 4 men who made a vow.
ACT	21	26	s8z9		σὺν αὐτοῖς ἁγνισθεὶς	1	purifying himself with them	Before entering the temple area the Jews were required to be ceremonially or ritually clean. This cleansing had to do with Jews having contact with Gentiles.
ACT	21	26	xu9r	figs-synecdoche	εἰσῄει εἰς τὸ ἱερόν	1	went into the temple	They did not go into the temple itself where only the high priest was allowed to enter. They entered the temple courtyard. Alternate translation: “went into the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	21	26	pvy3		τῶν ἡμερῶν τοῦ ἁγνισμοῦ	1	the days of purification	This is a separate purification process from the purification process which they were required to fulfill in order to enter the temple area.
ACT	21	26	gc23	figs-activepassive	ἕως οὗ προσηνέχθη…ἡ προσφορά	1	until the offering was offered	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until they presented the animals for an offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	21	27	l3bg			0	General Information:	Verse 29 gives background information about the Jews from Asia.
ACT	21	27	p4gi			0	Connecting Statement:	This begins the story of Paul’s arrest.
ACT	21	27	j9zm		αἱ ἑπτὰ ἡμέραι	1	the seven days	These are the seven days for purification.
ACT	21	27	k4l1	figs-synecdoche	ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ	1	in the temple	Paul was not in the temple itself. He was in the temple courtyard. Alternate translation: “in the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	21	27	u942	figs-metaphor	συνέχεον πάντα τὸν ὄχλον	1	stirred up the whole crowd	Inciting people to become very angry at Paul is spoken of as if they stirred up the crowd’s emotions. Alternate translation: “caused a large number of people to be very angry at Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	21	27	mks6	figs-idiom	ἐπέβαλον ἐπ’ αὐτὸν τὰς χεῖρας	1	laid hands on him	Here “laid hands on” means to “seize” or to “grab.” See how you translated “laid hands on” in [Acts 5:18](../05/18.md). Alternate translation: “grabbed Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	21	28	sfg3		τοῦ λαοῦ, καὶ τοῦ νόμου, καὶ τοῦ τόπου τούτου	1	the people, the law, and this place	“the people of Israel, the law of Moses, and the temple”
ACT	21	28	jc9q	figs-explicit	ἔτι τε καὶ Ἕλληνας εἰσήγαγεν εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν	1	Besides, he has also brought Greeks into the temple	Only Jewish males were allowed in certain areas of the courtyard of the Jerusalem temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	21	29	t2z7	writing-background	ἦσαν γὰρ προεωρακότες Τρόφιμον τὸν Ἐφέσιον ἐν τῇ πόλει σὺν αὐτῷ, ὃν ἐνόμιζον ὅτι εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν εἰσήγαγεν ὁ Παῦλος	1	For they had previously…into the temple	This is background information. Luke is explaining why the Jews from Asia thought Paul brought a Greek into the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	21	29	h1uu		Τρόφιμον	1	Trophimus	This was a Greek man that they accused Paul of having brought into the inner temple area that was only for Jews. See how you translated his name in [Acts 20:4](../20/04.md).
ACT	21	30	upl8	figs-hyperbole	ἐκινήθη τε ἡ πόλις ὅλη	1	All the city was excited	The word “All” here is an exaggeration for emphasis. The word “city” represents the people in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Many people in the city became angry at Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	21	30	x2sx		ἐπιλαβόμενοι τοῦ Παύλου	1	laid hold of Paul	“seized Paul” or “grabbed Paul”
ACT	21	30	xd6r	figs-explicit	εὐθέως ἐκλείσθησαν αἱ θύραι	1	the doors were immediately shut	They shut the doors so that there would not be rioting in the temple area. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Some of the Jews immediately shut the temple doors” or “The temple guards immediately shut the doors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	21	31	d6vt	figs-metonymy	ἀνέβη φάσις τῷ χιλιάρχῳ τῆς σπείρης	1	news came up to the chief captain of the guard	Here “news” refers to the messenger who went to speak the news. Alternate translation: “someone gave news to the chief captain of the guard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	21	31	hu5r		ἀνέβη φάσις τῷ χιλιάρχῳ	1	news came up to the chief captain	The phrase “came up to” is used because the chief captain was in a fortress connected to the temple that was higher in elevation than the temple courtyard.
ACT	21	31	p85a		τῷ χιλιάρχῳ	1	the chief captain	a Roman military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers
ACT	21	31	u65r	figs-hyperbole	ὅλη συνχύννεται Ἰερουσαλήμ	1	all Jerusalem was in an uproar	The word “Jerusalem” here represents the people of Jerusalem. The word “all” is an exaggeration to show a large crowd was upset. Alternate translation: “a lot of people in Jerusalem were in an uproar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	21	32	j81t			0	General Information:	The first word “he” and the word “He” refer to the chief captain of the guard mentioned in [Acts 21:31](../21/31.md).
ACT	21	32	dgz5		κατέδραμεν	1	ran down	From the fortress, there are stairs going down into the court.
ACT	21	32	e4rj		τὸν χιλίαρχον	1	the chief captain	a Roman military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers
ACT	21	33	w28u		ἐπελάβετο αὐτοῦ	1	laid hold of Paul	“took hold of Paul” or “arrested Paul”
ACT	21	33	zi4l	figs-activepassive	ἐκέλευσε δεθῆναι	1	commanded him to be bound	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “commanded his soldiers to bind him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	21	33	xd9w		ἁλύσεσι δυσί	1	with two chains	This means they bound Paul to two Roman soldiers, one on each side of him.
ACT	21	33	y6zw	figs-quotations	ἐπυνθάνετο τίς εἴη καὶ τί ἐστιν πεποιηκώς	1	he asked who he was and what he had done.	This can be stated as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “He asked, ‘Who is this man? What has he done?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
ACT	21	33	fi22		ἐπυνθάνετο τίς εἴη	1	he asked who he was	The chief captain is speaking to the crowd, not to Paul.
ACT	21	34	pci2	figs-ellipsis	ἄλλοι	1	and others another	The words “were shouting” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “and others were shouting another” or “and others in the crowd were shouting something else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ACT	21	34	k35e		αὐτοῦ	1	the captain	This was a military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers.
ACT	21	34	qcc6	figs-activepassive	ἐκέλευσεν ἄγεσθαι αὐτὸν	1	he ordered that Paul be brought	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he ordered his soldiers to bring Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	21	34	w2qj		εἰς τὴν παρεμβολήν	1	into the fortress	This fortress was connected to the outer temple court.
ACT	21	35	h9n7	figs-activepassive	ὅτε δὲ ἐγένετο ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀναβαθμούς, συνέβη βαστάζεσθαι αὐτὸν	1	When he came to the steps, he was carried	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When Paul came to the steps of the fortress, the soldiers carried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	21	36	kax6	figs-euphemism	αἶρε αὐτόν	1	Away with him	The crowd is using somewhat milder and less exact language to ask for Paul’s death. Alternate translation: “Put him to death” or “Kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
ACT	21	37	j9xk	figs-activepassive	μέλλων τε εἰσάγεσθαι	1	As Paul was about to be brought	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “As the soldiers were ready to bring Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	21	37	qp63		τὴν παρεμβολὴν	1	the fortress	This fortress was connected to the outer temple court. See how you translated this in [Acts 21:34](../21/34.md).
ACT	21	37	inl1		τῷ χιλιάρχῳ	1	the chief captain	a Roman military officer of about 600 soldiers
ACT	21	37	p5cd	figs-rquestion	Ἑλληνιστὶ γινώσκεις	11	The captain said, “Do you speak Greek?	The chief captain uses this questions to express surprise that Paul is not who he thought he was. Alternate translation: “So you speak Greek.” or “I didn’t know you spoke Greek.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	21	38	xx2w	figs-rquestion	οὐκ ἄρα σὺ εἶ ὁ Αἰγύπτιος, ὁ πρὸ τούτων τῶν ἡμερῶν, ἀναστατώσας καὶ ἐξαγαγὼν εἰς τὴν ἔρημον τοὺς τετρακισχιλίους ἄνδρας τῶν σικαρίων	1	Are you not then the Egyptian…wilderness?	The chief captain uses this question and the question “Do you speak Greek?” (verse 37) to express surprise that Paul is not who he thought he was. Possible meanings are (1) as in ULT, the chief captain believes that even though Paul speaks Greek, Paul is the Egyptian. “Even though you speak Greek, I still think you are the Egyptian…wilderness.” (2) Because Paul speaks Greek, the chief captain thinks that perhaps Paul is not the Egyptian. “So you speak Greek. Perhaps I was wrong to think you were that Egyptian…wilderness.” It is best to retain the questions if the reader can infer one of the two meanings from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	21	38	nxs6	figs-explicit	οὐκ ἄρα σὺ εἶ ὁ Αἰγύπτιος	1	Are you not then the Egyptian	Shortly before Paul’s visit, an unnamed man from Egypt had launched a revolt against Rome in Jerusalem. Later he escaped into the wilderness and the commander wonders if Paul might be the same man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	21	38	lwi4	figs-abstractnouns	ἀναστατώσας	1	started a rebellion	This word “rebellion” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “caused people to rebel against the Roman government” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	21	38	tqh6	translate-numbers	τοὺς τετρακισχιλίους ἄνδρας	1	the four thousand men	“the 4,000 terrorists” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ACT	21	38	p2ym		σικαρίων	1	Assassins	This refers to a group of Jewish rebels who killed Romans and anyone who supported Romans.
ACT	21	39	t6ax			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul begins to defend what he did.
ACT	21	39	ys84		δέομαι…σου	1	I ask you	“I beg you” or “I plead with you”
ACT	21	39	a139		ἐπίτρεψόν μοι	1	allow me	“please allow me” or please permit me”
ACT	21	40	qp2q	figs-abstractnouns	ἐπιτρέψαντος…αὐτοῦ	1	the captain had given him permission	The word “permission” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the captain permitted Paul to speak” or “the captain allowed Paul to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	21	40	a4y2		ὁ Παῦλος ἑστὼς ἐπὶ τῶν ἀναβαθμῶν	1	Paul stood on the steps	The word “steps” here refers to the steps on the stairway to the fortress.
ACT	21	40	rk1y	figs-explicit	κατέσεισε τῇ χειρὶ τῷ λαῷ	1	motioned with the hand to the people	It can be stated explicitly why Paul motioned with the hand. Alternate translation: “motioned with his hand for the people to be quiet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	21	40	xj6i		πολλῆς δὲ σιγῆς γενομένης	1	When there was a deep silence	“When the people were completely silent”
ACT	22	intro	gq5g			0		# Acts 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This is the second account of Paul’s conversion in the book of Acts. Because this is such an important event in the early church, there are three accounts of Paul’s conversion. (See: [Acts 9](../09/01.md) and [Acts 26](../26/01.md))<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “In the Hebrew language”<br><br>Most Jews at this time spoke Aramaic and Greek. Most of the people who spoke Hebrew were educated Jewish scholars. This is why the people paid attention when Paul started speaking in Hebrew.<br><br>### “The Way”<br><br>No one knows for sure who first started calling believers “followers of the Way.” This is probably what the believers called themselves, because the Bible often speaks of a person living his life as if that person were walking on a path or “way.” If this is true, the believers were “following the way of the Lord” by living in a way that pleased God.<br><br>### Roman citizenship<br><br>The Romans thought that they needed to treat only Roman citizens justly. They could do as they desired with people who were not Roman citizens, but they had to obey the law with other Romans. Some people were born Roman citizens, and others gave money to the Roman government so they could become Roman citizens. The “chief captain” could have been punished for treating a Roman citizen the same way he would treat a non-citizen.
ACT	22	1	kq95	writing-background		0	General Information:	Verse 2 gives background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	22	1	a8ir			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul speaks to the Jewish crowd in Jerusalem.
ACT	22	1	xe46		ἀδελφοὶ καὶ πατέρες	1	Brothers and fathers	This is a polite way of addressing men who are Paul’s age as well as the older men in the audience.
ACT	22	1	pe8t		μου τῆς πρὸς ὑμᾶς νυνὶ	1	I now make to you	“I will now explain to you” or “I will now present to you”
ACT	22	2	b4sk		τῇ Ἑβραΐδι διαλέκτῳ	1	the Hebrew language	The Hebrew language was the language of the Jews.
ACT	22	3	g311	figs-activepassive	ἀνατεθραμμένος δὲ ἐν τῇ πόλει ταύτῃ, παρὰ τοὺς πόδας Γαμαλιήλ	1	but educated in this city at the feet of Gamaliel	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but I was a student of rabbi Gamaliel here in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	22	3	d4dx	figs-metonymy	παρὰ τοὺς πόδας Γαμαλιήλ	1	at the feet of Gamaliel	Here “feet” stands for the place where a student would sit while learning from a teacher. Alternate translation: “by Gamaliel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	22	3	b1dq		Γαμαλιήλ	1	Gamaliel	Gamaliel was one of the most prominent teachers of the Jewish law. See how you translated this name in [Acts 5:34](../05/34.md).
ACT	22	3	iz4g	figs-activepassive	πεπαιδευμένος κατὰ ἀκρίβειαν τοῦ πατρῴου νόμου	1	I was instructed according to the strict ways of the law of our fathers	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He instructed me how to carefully obey every law of our forefathers” or “The instruction I received followed the exact details of the law of our forefathers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	22	3	lqk7		πατρῴου νόμου	1	law of our fathers	“law of our ancestors.” This refers to the law that God gave to the people of Israel through Moses.
ACT	22	3	a8d6		ζηλωτὴς ὑπάρχων τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	I am zealous for God	“I am completely dedicated to obeying God” or “I am passionate about my service to God”
ACT	22	3	dbl4		καθὼς πάντες ὑμεῖς ἐστε σήμερον	1	just as all of you are today	“in the same way all of you are today.” Paul compares himself with the crowd.
ACT	22	4	jy3z	figs-metonymy	ὃς ταύτην τὴν Ὁδὸν ἐδίωξα	1	I persecuted this Way	Here “this Way” represents the people who belonged to the group called “the Way.” Alternate translation: “I persecuted the people who belonged to this Way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	22	4	bk4c		ταύτην τὴν Ὁδὸν	1	this Way	This was a term used to refer to Christianity. See how you translated “the Way” in [Acts 9:2](../09/02.md).
ACT	22	4	dr8c	figs-abstractnouns	ἄχρι θανάτου	1	to the death	The word “death” can be translated with the verb “kill” or “die.” Alternate translation: “and I looked for ways to kill them” or “and I even caused them to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	22	4	zd2r		δεσμεύων καὶ παραδιδοὺς εἰς φυλακὰς, ἄνδρας τε καὶ γυναῖκας	1	binding up and delivering them to prison both men and women	“tying up both men and women and taking them to prison”
ACT	22	5	v2km		μαρτυρεῖ	1	can bear witness	“can testify” or “can tell you”
ACT	22	5	i45u		παρ’ ὧν…ἐπιστολὰς δεξάμενος	1	I received letters from them	“The high priests and elders gave me letters”
ACT	22	5	in72		πρὸς τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς, εἰς Δαμασκὸν	1	for the brothers in Damascus	Here “brothers” refers to “fellow Jews.”
ACT	22	5	y82b		ἄξων…τοὺς ἐκεῖσε ὄντας, δεδεμένους εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ	1	to bring them back in bonds to Jerusalem	“They ordered me to bind with chains those of the Way and bring them back to Jerusalem”
ACT	22	5	ht9f	figs-activepassive	ἵνα τιμωρηθῶσιν	1	in order for them to be punished	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “in order that they may receive punishment” or “in order that the Jewish authorities could punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	22	6	pe9s			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul describes his encounter with Jesus.
ACT	22	6	w4l7		ἐγένετο δέ	1	It happened that	This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
ACT	22	7	d6nd	figs-synecdoche	ἤκουσα φωνῆς λεγούσης μοι	1	heard a voice say to me	Here “voice” stands for the person speaking. Alternate translation: “I heard someone say to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	22	9	h95h	figs-synecdoche	τὴν…φωνὴν οὐκ ἤκουσαν τοῦ λαλοῦντός μοι	1	they did not understand the voice of him who spoke to me	Here “voice” stands for the person speaking. Alternate translation: “they did not understand what the one who spoke to me was saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	22	10	a91a	figs-activepassive	κἀκεῖ σοι λαληθήσεται	1	there you will be told	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “there someone will tell you” or “there you will find out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	22	11	n1kb		οὐκ ἐνέβλεπον ἀπὸ τῆς δόξης τοῦ φωτὸς ἐκείνου	1	I could not see because of that light’s brightness	“I was left blind because of that light’s brightness”
ACT	22	11	n2n1	figs-synecdoche	χειραγωγούμενος ὑπὸ τῶν συνόντων μοι, ἦλθον εἰς Δαμασκόν	1	being led by the hands of those who were with me, I came into Damascus	Here “hands” stands for those leading Paul. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those with me guided me into Damascus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	22	12	a17q			0	General Information:	The words “He” and “him” refer to Ananias.
ACT	22	12	h5bh	translate-names	Ἁνανίας	1	Ananias	Though this is not the same Ananias who died earlier in Acts [Acts 5:3](../05/03.md), you may translate it the same way though as you did in [Acts 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	22	12	z1g3		ἀνὴρ εὐλαβὴς κατὰ τὸν νόμον	1	devout man according to the law	Ananias was very serious about following God’s law.
ACT	22	12	e7uw	figs-activepassive	μαρτυρούμενος ὑπὸ πάντων τῶν κατοικούντων Ἰουδαίων	1	well spoken of by all the Jews who lived there	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Jews who lived there spoke well of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	22	13	un4g		Σαοὺλ, ἀδελφέ	1	Brother Saul	Here “Brother” is a polite way to address someone. Alternate translation: “My friend Saul”
ACT	22	13	x3kc	figs-abstractnouns	ἀνάβλεψον	1	receive your sight	The word”sight” can be translated with the verb “see.” Alternate translation: “see again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	22	13	se47	figs-idiom	αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ	1	In that very hour	This was a customary way of saying something happened immediately. Alternate translation: “At that instant” or “Instantly” or “Immediately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	22	14	v2i7			0	General Information:	The word “he” refers to Ananias ([Acts 22:12](../22/12.md)).
ACT	22	14	k3ck			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul finishes telling what had happened to him in Damascus. He quotes what Ananias said to him. This is still part of his speech to the crowd in Jerusalem.
ACT	22	14	k417		τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ	1	his will	“what God is planning and will cause to happen”
ACT	22	14	dg8q	figs-synecdoche	ἀκοῦσαι φωνὴν ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ	1	to hear the voice coming from his own mouth	Both “voice” and “mouth” refer to the one speaking. Alternate translation: “to hear him speak directly to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	22	15	i5q8	figs-gendernotations	πρὸς πάντας ἀνθρώπους	1	to all men	Here “men” means all people whether male or female. Alternate translation: “to all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
ACT	22	16	bhg9		νῦν	1	Now	Here “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
ACT	22	16	mmx9	figs-rquestion	τί μέλλεις	1	why are you waiting?	This question was asked to exhort Paul to be baptized. Alternate translation: “Do not wait!” or “Do not delay!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	22	16	lt2i	figs-activepassive	βάπτισαι	1	be baptized	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let me baptize you” or “receive baptism” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	22	16	zr5p	figs-metaphor	ἀπόλουσαι τὰς ἁμαρτίας σου	1	wash away your sins	As washing one’s body removes dirt, calling on the name of Jesus for forgiveness cleanses one’s inner being from sin. Alternate translation: “ask forgiveness for your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	22	16	g5dq		ἐπικαλεσάμενος τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ	1	calling on his name	Here “name” refers to the Lord. Alternate translation: “calling on the Lord” or “trusting in the Lord”
ACT	22	17	znq6			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul begins to tell the crowd about his vision of Jesus.
ACT	22	17	its2		ἐγένετο δέ	1	it happened that	This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
ACT	22	17	yr9l	figs-activepassive	γενέσθαι με ἐν ἐκστάσει	1	I was given a vision	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I had a vision” or “God gave me a vision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	22	18	jy2c		ἰδεῖν αὐτὸν λέγοντά μοι	1	I saw him say to me	“I saw Jesus as he said to me”
ACT	22	18	qul6		οὐ παραδέξονταί σου μαρτυρίαν περὶ ἐμοῦ	1	they will not accept your testimony about me	“those who live in Jerusalem will not believe what you tell them about me”
ACT	22	19	q5cl			0	General Information:	Here the word “they” refers to the non-believing Jews in Jerusalem.
ACT	22	19	p7gz			0	Connecting Statement:	This ends what Paul was able to say to the crowd of Jewish people by the fortress.
ACT	22	19	im4n	figs-rpronouns	αὐτοὶ ἐπίστανται	1	they themselves know	The word “themselves” is used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
ACT	22	19	da1e		κατὰ τὰς συναγωγὰς	1	in every synagogue	Paul went to synagogues to find Jews who believed in Jesus.
ACT	22	20	y7t1	figs-metonymy	ἐξεχύννετο τὸ αἷμα Στεφάνου τοῦ μάρτυρός σου	1	the blood of Stephen your witness was spilled	Here “blood” stands for Stephen’s life. To spill blood means to kill. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they killed Stephen who testified about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	22	22	fj9x			0	General Information:	Here the words “him” and the first two words “he” refer to Paul. The word “He” and the last “he” refer to the chief captain.
ACT	22	22	ta8z		αἶρε ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς τὸν τοιοῦτον	1	Away with such a fellow from the earth	The phrase “from the earth” adds emphasis to “Away with such a fellow.” Alternate translation: “Kill him”
ACT	22	23	ylr7		κραυγαζόντων	1	As they were shouting	“While they were.” The phrase “As they were” is used to mark two events that are happening at the same time.
ACT	22	23	b6a7	translate-symaction	ῥιπτούντων τὰ ἱμάτια, καὶ κονιορτὸν βαλλόντων εἰς τὸν ἀέρα	1	throwing off their cloaks, and throwing dust into the air	These actions show that the Jews there are outraged because they feel Paul has spoken against God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
ACT	22	24	x7zv		χιλίαρχος	1	chief captain	a Roman military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers
ACT	22	24	h6gp	figs-activepassive	ἐκέλευσεν…εἰσάγεσθαι αὐτὸν	1	commanded Paul to be brought	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “ordered his soldiers to bring Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	22	24	sth6		τὴν παρεμβολήν	1	the fortress	This fortress was connected to the outer temple court. See how you translated this in [Acts 21:34](../21/34.md).
ACT	22	24	pz47	figs-activepassive	εἴπας μάστιξιν ἀνετάζεσθαι αὐτὸν	1	He ordered that he should be questioned with scourging	The commander wants Paul tortured by whipping him to ensure he tells the truth. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He ordered his soldiers to whip Paul to force him to tell the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	22	25	ar63			0	General Information:	Here the word “they” refers to the soldiers.
ACT	22	25	st4k		τοῖς ἱμᾶσιν	1	the thongs	These were strips of leather or animal hide.
ACT	22	25	yjw3	figs-rquestion	εἰ ἄνθρωπον Ῥωμαῖον καὶ ἀκατάκριτον, ἔξεστιν ὑμῖν μαστίζειν	1	Is it lawful for you to scourge a man who is a Roman and who has not been put on trial?	Paul uses this question to make the centurion check the validity of having his soldiers whip Paul. Alternate translation: “It is not lawful for you to whip a man who is a Roman and who was not given his legal right to a trial!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	22	26	pca7	figs-rquestion	τί μέλλεις ποιεῖν	1	What are you about to do?	This question is used to urge the commander to reconsider his plan to whip Paul. Alternate translation: “You should not do this!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	22	27	pe31			0	General Information:	Here the word “him” refers to Paul.
ACT	22	27	e69y	figs-go	προσελθὼν…ὁ χιλίαρχος	1	The chief captain came	Here “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
ACT	22	28	dr2w		ἐγὼ πολλοῦ κεφαλαίου τὴν πολιτείαν ταύτην ἐκτησάμην	1	It was only with a large amount of money	“It was only after I paid a lot of money to the Roman authorities.” The captain makes this statement because he knows how hard it is to become a Roman citizen, and he suspects Paul is not telling truth.
ACT	22	28	r79c	figs-abstractnouns	ἐγὼ…τὴν πολιτείαν…ἐκτησάμην	1	I acquired citizenship	“I got citizenship.” The word “citizenship” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “I became a citizen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	22	28	rly1		ἐγὼ δὲ…γεγέννημαι	1	I was born a Roman citizen	If the father is a Roman citizen, then his children become Roman citizens automatically when they are born.
ACT	22	29	ii8p		οἱ μέλλοντες…ἀνετάζειν	1	the men who were going to question	“the men who planned to question” or “the men who were preparing to question”
ACT	22	30	g33i			0	General Information:	Here the word “he” refers to the chief captain.
ACT	22	30	kx58	figs-metonymy	ἔλυσεν αὐτόν	1	So he untied his bonds	Possibly the “chief officer” stands for the chief officers’ soldiers. Alternate translation: “So the chief captain ordered his soldiers to untie Paul’s bonds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	22	30	c5ia		καταγαγὼν τὸν Παῦλον	1	he brought Paul down	From the fortress, there is a stairway going down to the temple courts.
ACT	23	intro	gbw5			0		# Acts 23 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted material in 23:5.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Resurrection of the dead<br><br>The Pharisees believed that after people died, they would become alive again and God would either reward them or punish them. The Sadducees believed that once people died, they stayed dead and would never become alive again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/raise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])<br><br>### “Called a curse”<br><br>Some Jews promised God that they would not eat or drink until they killed Paul, and they asked God to punish them if they did not do what they had promised to do.<br><br>### Roman citizenship<br><br>The Romans thought that they needed to treat only Roman citizens justly. They could do as they desired with people who were not Roman citizens, but they had to obey the law with other Romans. Some people were born Roman citizens, and others gave money to the Roman government so they could become Roman citizens. The “chief captain” could have been punished for treating a Roman citizen the same way he would treat a non-citizen.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Whitewash<br><br>This is a common metaphor in Scripture for appearing to be good or clean or righteous when one is evil or unclean or unrighteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	23	1	z2sq			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul stands before the chief priests and the council members ([Acts 22:30](../22/30.md)).
ACT	23	1	jru4		ἀδελφοί	1	Brothers	Here this means “Fellow Jews.”
ACT	23	1	nn2q		ἐγὼ πάσῃ συνειδήσει ἀγαθῇ πεπολίτευμαι τῷ Θεῷ ἄχρι ταύτης τῆς ἡμέρας	1	I have lived before God in all good conscience until this day	“I know that even to this day I have done what God has wanted me to do”
ACT	23	2	yz4n	translate-names	Ἁνανίας	1	Ananias	This is the name of a man. Though this is the same name, this not the same Ananias as in [Acts 5:1](../05/01.md) nor the same Ananias as in [Acts 9:10](../09/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	23	3	igq4	figs-metaphor	τοῖχε κεκονιαμένε	1	whitewashed wall	This refers to a wall that was painted white to make it look clean. Paul told Ananias that just as a wall can be painted to look clean so Ananias appeared to look morally clean, but he was really full of evil intent. Alternate translation: “whitepainted wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	23	3	un7g	figs-rquestion	σὺ κάθῃ κρίνων με κατὰ τὸν νόμον, καὶ παρανομῶν κελεύεις με τύπτεσθαι	1	Are you sitting to judge…against the law?	Paul uses a question to point out Ananias’ hypocrisy. Alternate translation: “You sit there to judge…against the law.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	23	3	m6nb	figs-activepassive	κελεύεις με τύπτεσθαι	1	order me to be struck	This can be stated in active form. You can use the same word for “strike” as you did in the phrase “God will strike you.” Alternate translation: “command people to strike me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	23	4	lkh8	figs-rquestion	τὸν ἀρχιερέα τοῦ Θεοῦ λοιδορεῖς	1	Is this how you insult God’s high priest?	The men use this question to scold Paul for what he has said in [Acts 23:3](../23/03.md). Alternate translation: “Do not insult God’s high priest!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	23	5	e8lg	figs-explicit	γέγραπται γὰρ	1	For it is written	Paul is about to quote what Moses wrote in the law. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For Moses wrote in the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	23	6	pbe1		ἀδελφοί	1	Brothers	Here “Brothers” means “Fellow Jews”
ACT	23	6	as3f		υἱὸς Φαρισαίων	1	a son of Pharisees	Here “son” means he is the literal son of a Pharisee and also the descendant of Pharisees. Alternate translation: “and my father and forefathers were Pharisees”
ACT	23	6	iz18	figs-abstractnouns	ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν	1	the resurrection of the dead that I	The word “resurrection” can be stated as “come back to life.” The word “dead” can be stated as “those who have died.” Alternate translation: “those who have died will come back to life, I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
ACT	23	6	ys5k	figs-activepassive	ἐγὼ κρίνομαι	1	I am being judged	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you are judging me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	23	7	abs3		ἐσχίσθη τὸ πλῆθος	1	the crowd was divided	“the people in the crowd strongly disagreed with one another”
ACT	23	8	gl1s	writing-background	Σαδδουκαῖοι…γὰρ…Φαρισαῖοι δὲ	1	For the Sadducees…but the Pharisees	This is background information about the Sadducees and Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	23	9	eaf1		ἐγένετο δὲ κραυγὴ μεγάλη	1	So a large uproar occurred	“So they began shouting loudly at one another.” The word “so” marks an event that happened because of something else that happened previously. In this case, the previous event is Paul’s stating his belief in the resurrection.
ACT	23	9	ayr8	figs-hypo	εἰ…πνεῦμα ἐλάλησεν αὐτῷ, ἢ ἄγγελος	1	What if a spirit or an angel has spoken to him?	The Pharisees are rebuking the Sadducees by affirming that spirits and angels do exist and can speak to people. Alternate translation: “Maybe a spirit or an angel has spoken with him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
ACT	23	10	dr1d	figs-abstractnouns	πολλῆς δὲ γινομένης στάσεως	1	When there arose a great argument	The words “a great argument” can be re-stated as “argue violently.” Alternate translation: “When they began to argue violently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	23	10	s65i		χιλίαρχος	1	chief captain	a Roman military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers
ACT	23	10	f568	figs-activepassive	διασπασθῇ ὁ Παῦλος ὑπ’ αὐτῶν	1	Paul would be torn to pieces by them	This can be stated in active form. The phrase “be torn to pieces” might be an exaggeration of how the people might harm Paul. Alternate translation: “they might tear Paul to pieces” or “they would cause Paul great physical harm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	23	10	man3		ἁρπάσαι αὐτὸν	1	take him by force	“use physical force to take him away”
ACT	23	10	ap3c		εἰς τὴν παρεμβολήν	1	into the fortress	This fortress was connected to the outer temple court. See how you translated this in [Acts 21:34](../21/34.md).
ACT	23	11	i9w5		τῇ…ἐπιούσῃ νυκτὶ	1	The following night	This means the night after the day Paul went before the council. Alternate translation: “That night”
ACT	23	11	r4q4	figs-ellipsis	εἰς Ῥώμην μαρτυρῆσαι	1	bear witness in Rome	The words “about me” are understood. Alternate translation: “bear witness about me in Rome” or “testify about me in Rome” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ACT	23	12	fm3y			0	Connecting Statement:	While Paul was in the prison at the fortress, the disbelieving religious Jews vow to kill him.
ACT	23	12	klb4		ποιήσαντες συστροφὴν	1	formed a conspiracy	“organized a group with a shared purpose” here, to kill Paul.
ACT	23	12	g3sj	figs-abstractnouns	ἀνεθεμάτισαν ἑαυτοὺς	1	called a curse down upon themselves with an oath	The noun “curse” can be translated as a verb. It can also be made explicit what would cause them to be cursed. Alternate translation: “asked God to curse them if they did not do what they promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	23	13	f1u2	translate-numbers	τεσσεράκοντα οἱ	1	forty men	“40 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ACT	23	13	u5s5		ταύτην τὴν συνωμοσίαν ποιησάμενοι	1	who formed this conspiracy	“who made this plan” or “who planned to kill Paul”
ACT	23	14	zb6w	figs-you		0	General Information:	Here the word “They” refers to the forty Jews in [Acts 23:13](../23/13.md). Here “you” is plural and refers to the chief priests and elders. Both “us” and “we” refer to the forty Jews who planned to kill Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	23	14	ur73	figs-metaphor	ἀναθέματι ἀνεθεματίσαμεν ἑαυτοὺς, μηδενὸς γεύσασθαι ἕως οὗ ἀποκτείνωμεν τὸν Παῦλον	1	We have put ourselves under a great curse, to eat nothing until we have killed Paul	To make a vow and to ask God to curse them if they do not fulfill their vow is spoken of as if the curse were an object that they carry on their shoulders. Alternate translation: “We have sworn to eat nothing until we have killed Paul. We asked God to curse us if we do not do what we promised to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	23	15	w418		νῦν οὖν	1	Now, therefore	“Because what we have just said is true” or “Because we have put ourselves under this curse”
ACT	23	15	q9e6		νῦν	1	Now	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
ACT	23	15	q9mb		καταγάγῃ αὐτὸν εἰς ὑμᾶς	1	bring him down to you	“bring Paul from the fortress to meet with you”
ACT	23	15	m133		ὡς μέλλοντας διαγινώσκειν ἀκριβέστερον τὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ	1	as if you would decide his case more precisely	“as though you want to learn more about what Paul has done”
ACT	23	16	d7cy			0	General Information:	Here the word “he” refers to Paul’s nephew. The word “him” refers to the chief captain.
ACT	23	16	w6fe		υἱὸς τῆς ἀδελφῆς Παύλου	1	Paul’s sister’s son	“the son of Paul’s sister” or “Paul’s nephew”
ACT	23	16	pj5h		τὴν ἐνέδραν	1	they were lying in wait	“they were ready to ambush Paul” or “they were waiting to kill Paul”
ACT	23	16	a5hx		τὴν παρεμβολὴν	1	the fortress	This fortress was connected to the outer temple court. See how you translated this in [Acts 21:34](../21/34.md).
ACT	23	18	abd0		ὁ μὲν οὖν παραλαβὼν αὐτὸν, ἤγαγεν	1	So taking him, he brought him	“So taking the young man, the centurion brought him”
ACT	23	18	lzf3		ὁ δέσμιος, Παῦλος, προσκαλεσάμενός με	1	Paul the prisoner summoned me	“Paul the prisoner asked me to come talk with him”
ACT	23	18	ju2b		τοῦτον τὸν νεανίαν	1	this young man	Since the chief captain calls him a young man, this suggests Paul’s nephew may have been 12 to 15 years old.
ACT	23	19	yp12		ἐπιλαβόμενος…τῆς χειρὸς αὐτοῦ ὁ χιλίαρχος	1	chief captain took him by the hand	Since the chief captain took the young man by the hand and calls him a young man (verse 18), this suggests Paul’s nephew may have been 12 to 15 years old.
ACT	23	20	uv6r	figs-synecdoche	οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι συνέθεντο	1	The Jews have agreed	This does not mean all Jews, but all of the group that was there. Alternate translation: “Some of the Jews have agreed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	23	20	wp5d		Παῦλον καταγάγῃς	1	to bring down Paul	“to bring Paul down from the fortress”
ACT	23	20	fev5		μέλλων τι ἀκριβέστερον πυνθάνεσθαι περὶ αὐτοῦ.	1	they were going to ask more precisely about his case	“they want to learn more about what Paul has done”
ACT	23	21	vdr5	translate-numbers	ἄνδρες…τεσσεράκοντα	1	forty men	“40 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ACT	23	21	i2k9		ἐνεδρεύουσιν…αὐτὸν	1	lying in wait for him	“ready to ambush Paul” or “ready to kill Paul”
ACT	23	21	r695		οἵτινες ἀνεθεμάτισαν ἑαυτοὺς μήτε φαγεῖν μήτε πιεῖν, ἕως οὗ ἀνέλωσιν αὐτόν	1	They have called a curse down on themselves, neither to eat nor to drink until they have killed him	“They have sworn to eat or drink nothing until they have killed Paul. And they asked God to curse them if they do not do what they promised to do”
ACT	23	22	av3g			0	General Information:	Here the word “he” refers the chief captain.
ACT	23	22	av3h			0	General Information:	Felix, who resided at Caesarea, was the roman governor of the area.
ACT	23	23	wk7k		προσκαλεσάμενός	1	he called to him	“he called to himself”
ACT	23	23	q741	translate-numbers	δύο τῶν ἑκατονταρχῶν	1	two of the centurions	“2 of the centurions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ACT	23	23	b7z3	translate-numbers	ἱππεῖς ἑβδομήκοντα	1	seventy horsemen	“70 horsemen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ACT	23	23	mgi9	translate-numbers	δεξιολάβους διακοσίους	1	two hundred spearmen	“200 soldiers that are armed with spears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ACT	23	23	kg8s		τρίτης ὥρας τῆς νυκτός	1	third hour of the night	This was about 9:00 p.m. at night.
ACT	23	25	vg8x			0	General Information:	The chief captain writes a letter to Governor Felix about the arrest of Paul.
ACT	23	25	vg8y	translate-names		0	General Information:	Claudius Lysias is the name of the chief captain. Governor Felix was the Roman governor over the whole region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	23	26	zf93	figs-123person	Κλαύδιος Λυσίας, τῷ κρατίστῳ ἡγεμόνι Φήλικι, χαίρειν	1	Claudius Lysias to the most excellent Governor Felix, greetings	This is a formal introduction to the letter. The chief captain begins by referring to himself. You can translate it in the first person. The words “am writing” are understood. Alternate translation: “I, Claudius Lysias, am writing to you, the most excellent Governor Felix. Greetings to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
ACT	23	26	u2ih		τῷ κρατίστῳ ἡγεμόνι Φήλικι	1	to the most excellent Governor Felix	“to Governor Felix who deserves greatest honors”
ACT	23	27	zr7l	figs-synecdoche	τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦτον συνλημφθέντα ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων	1	This man was arrested by the Jews	Here “Jews” means “some of the Jews.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Some of the Jews arrested this man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	23	27	ha13	figs-activepassive	μέλλοντα ἀναιρεῖσθαι	1	was about to be killed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they were ready to kill Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	23	27	v78t		ἐπιστὰς σὺν τῷ στρατεύματι	1	I came upon them with soldiers	“I with my soldiers arrived at the place where Paul and these Jews were”
ACT	23	28	lb1a			0	General Information:	Here the word “I” refers to Claudius Lysias, the chief captain.
ACT	23	28	lb1b			0	General Information:	The word “they” refers to the group of Jews who accused Paul.
ACT	23	28	lb1c	figs-you		0	General Information:	The word “you” is singular and refers to Governor Felix. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ACT	23	28	pmq7			0	Connecting Statement:	The chief captain ends his letter to Governor Felix.
ACT	23	29	zt4f	figs-activepassive	ὃν εὗρον ἐνκαλούμενον περὶ ζητημάτων τοῦ	1	that he was being accused about questions concerning	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that they were accusing him of questions about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	23	29	wsh2	figs-abstractnouns	μηδὲν δὲ ἄξιον θανάτου ἢ δεσμῶν ἔχοντα ἔγκλημα	1	but that there was no accusation against him that deserved death or imprisonment	The abstract nouns “accusation,” “death,” and “imprisonment” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “but nobody accused him of anything that should cause Roman authorities to kill him or to send him to prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	23	30	i2ji	figs-activepassive	μηνυθείσης δέ μοι	1	Then it was made known to me	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Later I learned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	23	31	ifs1	translate-names		0	General Information:	Here the first word “him” refers to Paul; the second use of the word “him” refers to Governor Felix. Antipatris was a city built by Herod in honor of his father, Antipater. It stood at a site located today in central Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	23	31	s9rf			0	Connecting Statement:	This ends Paul’s time under arrest in Jerusalem and begins his time of arrest in Caesarea with Governor Felix.
ACT	23	31	ny4k		οἱ…οὖν στρατιῶται κατὰ τὸ διατεταγμένον αὐτοῖς	1	So the soldiers obeyed their orders	The word “so” marks an event that happened because of something else that happened previously. In this case, the previous event is the chief captain’s commanding the soldiers to escort Paul.
ACT	23	31	ptv4		ἀναλαβόντες τὸν Παῦλον, ἤγαγον διὰ νυκτὸς	1	They took Paul and brought him by night	Here “brought” can be translated as “took.” Alternate translation: “They got Paul and took him at night”
ACT	23	32	abd1		ἐάσαντες…ὑπέστρεψαν	1	they allowed…but they returned	Here both instances of **they** refer to the foot soldiers who left the horsemen and returned to their fortress.
ACT	23	33	abc1		εἰσελθόντες	1	they entered	Here **they** refers to the horsemen who took Paul all the way to Caesarea.
ACT	23	34	u44w			0	General Information:	Here the first and second words “he” refer to Governor Felix, the third word “he” and the word “him” refer to Paul, and the last word “he” refers to Governor Felix. The words “you” and your” refer to Paul.
ACT	23	34	abd2		ἀναγνοὺς…ἐπερωτήσας…πυθόμενος	1	reading…asking…learning	All of these actions are things the governor did.
ACT	23	34	dtx1	figs-quotations	ἐπερωτήσας ἐκ ποίας ἐπαρχείας ἐστὶν	1	asking what province Paul was from	This can be stated as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “he asked Paul, ‘What province are you from?’ When” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
ACT	23	35	dwv2	figs-quotations	ἔφη	1	he said	This sentence, which begins with the words “When he learned” in verse 43, can be stated as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “Paul said, ‘I am from Cilicia.’ Then the governor said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
ACT	23	35	uji1		διακούσομαί σου	1	I will hear you fully	“I will listen to all you have to say”
ACT	23	35	mga2		κελεύσας…φυλάσσεσθαι αὐτόν	1	he commanded him to be kept	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he commanded soldiers to keep him” or “commanded soldiers to restrain him”
ACT	24	intro	j74u			0		# Acts 24 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul told the governor that he had not done what the Jews were accusing him of doing and that the governor should not punish him for what he did do.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Respect<br><br>Both the Jewish leaders ([Acts 24:2-4](./02.md)) and Paul ([Acts 24:10](../../act/24/10.md)) began their speeches with words that show respect to the governor.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Governmental leaders<br><br>The words “governor,” “commander,” and “centurion” may be difficult to translate into some languages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
ACT	24	1	qw1r	figs-you		0	General Information:	Here the word “you” refers to Felix, the governor. Here “we” refers to the citizens under Felix. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	24	1	bc8k			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul is on trial in Caesarea. Tertullus presents Governor Felix with the charges against Paul.
ACT	24	1	e8rp		μετὰ δὲ πέντε ἡμέρας	1	After five days	“five days after the Roman soldiers took Paul to Caesarea”
ACT	24	1	n9gu	translate-names	Ἁνανίας	1	Ananias	This is the name of a man. This is not the same Ananias as in [Acts 5:1](../05/01.md) nor the same Ananias as in [Acts 9:10](../09/10.md). See how you translated this in [Acts 23:1](../23/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	24	1	f3vx		ῥήτορος	1	an orator	“a lawyer.” Tertullus was an expert in Roman law who was there to accuse Paul in court.
ACT	24	1	xm6c	translate-names	Τερτύλλου	1	Tertullus	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	24	1	q7wj		κατέβη	1	went there	“went to Caesarea where Paul was”
ACT	24	1	nq9x		τῷ ἡγεμόνι	1	before the governor	“in the presence of the governor who was judge in the court”
ACT	24	1	zm5e		ἐνεφάνισαν…κατὰ τοῦ Παύλου	1	brought charges against Paul	“began to argue the case before the governor that Paul had broken the law.”
ACT	24	2	e6zg	figs-exclusive	πολλῆς εἰρήνης τυγχάνοντες	1	we have great peace	Here “we” refers to the citizens under Felix. Alternate translation: “we, the people that you govern, have great peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	24	2	sv8c		καὶ διορθωμάτων γινομένων τῷ ἔθνει τούτῳ διὰ τῆς σῆς προνοίας	1	and your foresight brings good reform to our nation	“and your planning has greatly improved our nation”
ACT	24	3	r5jl		μετὰ πάσης εὐχαριστίας	1	with all thankfulness	The word “thankfulness” is an abstract noun. It can be stated as an adjective or verb. Alternate translation: “so we are very thankful and we welcome everything that you do” or “so we thank you very much and welcome everything that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	24	3	q3fj		κράτιστε Φῆλιξ	1	most excellent Felix	“Governor Felix who deserves greatest honor” Felix was the roman governor over the whole region. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Acts 23:25](../23/25.md).
ACT	24	4	tyq8	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	The word “we” refers to Ananias, certain elders, and Tertullus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	24	4	jww2		ἵνα δὲ μὴ ἐπὶ πλεῖον σε ἐνκόπτω	1	So that I detain you no more	Possible meanings are (1) “so that I will not take up too much of your time” or (2) “so that I will not tire you”
ACT	24	4	xfm5		ἀκοῦσαί…ἡμῶν συντόμως, τῇ σῇ ἐπιεικείᾳ	1	briefly listen to me with kindness	“kindly listen to my short speech”
ACT	24	5	i1qs	figs-metaphor	τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦτον λοιμὸν	1	this man to be a pest	This speaks of Paul as if he were a plague that spreads from one person to another. Alternate translation: “this man to be a trouble maker” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	24	5	k1v1	figs-hyperbole	πᾶσι τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις τοῖς κατὰ τὴν οἰκουμένην	1	all the Jews throughout the world	The word “all” here is probably an exaggeration used to strengthen their accusation against Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	24	5	zg4a	figs-explicit	πρωτοστάτην…τῆς τῶν Ναζωραίων αἱρέσεως	1	He is a leader of the Nazarene sect	The phrase “Nazarene sect” is another name for the Christians. Alternate translation: “He also leads the entire group whom people call the followers of the Nazarene” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	24	5	n6zb		αἱρέσεως	1	sect	This is a smaller group of people within a larger group. Tertullus considers the Christians to be a small group within Judaism.
ACT	24	7	ujn8	figs-you		0	General Information:	Here the word “you” is singular and refers to Governor Felix. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ACT	24	7	xkr4			0	Connecting Statement:	Tertullus finishes presenting the charges against Paul before Governor Felix.
ACT	24	8	e26a		ἐπιγνῶναι ὧν ἡμεῖς κατηγοροῦμεν αὐτοῦ	1	to learn about these charges we are bringing against him	“to learn whether or not these charges that we bring against him are true” or “to learn whether or not he is guilty of the things we accuse him of”
ACT	24	9	rq5f	figs-synecdoche	οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι	1	The Jews	This refers to the Jewish leaders who were there at Paul’s trial. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	24	10	my1c			0	General Information:	Here the word “they” refers to the Jews who were accusing Paul.
ACT	24	10	ict8			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul responds to Governor Felix about the charges brought against him.
ACT	24	10	s92a		νεύσαντος…τοῦ ἡγεμόνος	1	the governor motioned	“the governor gestured”
ACT	24	10	uu7a	figs-metonymy	κριτὴν τῷ ἔθνει τούτῳ	1	a judge to this nation	Here “nation” refers to the people of the Jewish nation. Alternate translation: “a judge for the people of the Jewish nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	24	10	sr5t		ἐμαυτοῦ ἀπολογοῦμαι	1	explain myself	“explain my situation”
ACT	24	11	dr4u	translate-numbers	ἡμέραι δώδεκα, ἀφ’ ἧς	1	twelve days since	“12 days since” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ACT	24	12	wbf6	figs-metaphor	ἢ ἐπίστασιν ποιοῦντα ὄχλου	1	I did not stir up a crowd	“Stir up” here is a metaphor for agitating people into unrest, just as stirring a liquid agitates it. Alternate translation: “I did not provoke the crowd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	24	13	m3yk		κατηγοροῦσίν	1	the accusations	“the blames for wrongdoings” or “the charges for crimes”
ACT	24	14	c5xa		ὁμολογῶ…τοῦτό σοι	1	I confess this to you	“I acknowledge this to you”
ACT	24	14	k79p		ὅτι κατὰ τὴν Ὁδὸν	1	that according to the Way	The phrase “the Way” was a title used for Christianity during Paul’s time.
ACT	24	14	rqu3		λέγουσιν αἵρεσιν	1	they call a sect	This is a smaller group of people within a larger group. Tertullus considers the Christians to be a small group within Judaism. See how you translated “sect” in [Acts 24:5](../24/05.md).
ACT	24	14	cg73		οὕτως λατρεύω τῷ πατρῴῳ Θεῷ	1	in that same way I serve the God of our fathers	Paul uses the phrase “in that same way” to mean that he, as a believer in Jesus, serves God the same way as their Jewish ancestors did. He is not leading a “sect” or teaching something new that is opposed to their ancient religion.
ACT	24	15	nv5a		καὶ αὐτοὶ	1	as these men	“as these men have.” Here “these men” refers to the Jews who are accusing Paul in court.
ACT	24	15	qza8	figs-abstractnouns	ἀνάστασιν μέλλειν ἔσεσθαι, δικαίων τε καὶ ἀδίκων	1	that there will be a resurrection of both the righteous and the wicked	The abstract noun “resurrection” can be stated with the verb “resurrect.” Alternate translation: “that God will resurrect all who have died, both the righteous and the unrighteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	24	15	x1yd	figs-nominaladj	δικαίων…καὶ ἀδίκων	1	the righteous and the wicked	These nominal adjectives refer to righteous people and wicked people. AT “righteous people and wicked people” or “those who have done what is right and those who have done what is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
ACT	24	16	sfw4		αὐτὸς ἀσκῶ…διὰ παντός	1	I always strive	“I always work hard” or “I do my best”
ACT	24	16	kcg8	figs-metonymy	ἀπρόσκοπον συνείδησιν ἔχειν πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν	1	to have a clear conscience before God	Here “conscience” refers to a person’s inner morality that chooses between right and wrong. Alternate translation: “to be blameless” or “to always do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	24	16	va3b		πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν	1	before God	“in the presence of God”
ACT	24	17	p92m		δὲ	1	Now	This word marks a shift in Paul’s argument. Here he explains the situation in Jerusalem when some of the Jews arrested him.
ACT	24	17	py9v		δι’ ἐτῶν…πλειόνων	1	after many years	“after many years away from Jerusalem”
ACT	24	17	ryk6	figs-go	ἐλεημοσύνας ποιήσων εἰς τὸ ἔθνος μου, παρεγενόμην καὶ προσφοράς	1	I came to bring help to my nation and gifts of money	Here “I came” can be translated as “I went.” Alternate translation: “I went to help my people by bringing them money as a gift” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
ACT	24	18	pk2m		ἡγνισμένον ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ	1	in a purification ceremony in the temple	“in the temple after I had finished a ceremony to purify myself”
ACT	24	18	x6iy	figs-explicit	οὐ μετὰ ὄχλου, οὐδὲ μετὰ θορύβου	1	not with a crowd or an uproar	This can be stated as a separate new sentence. Alternate translation: “I had not gathered a crowd nor was I trying to start a riot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	24	19	s528		τινὲς	1	These men	“The Jews from Asia”
ACT	24	19	ntg3		εἴ τι ἔχοιεν	1	if they have anything	“if they have anything to say”
ACT	24	20	npt5			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul finishes responding to Governor Felix about the charges brought against him.
ACT	24	20	ag5d		αὐτοὶ	1	these same men	This refers to the members of the council who were present in Jerusalem at Paul’s trial.
ACT	24	20	hnt9		εἰπάτωσαν, τί εὗρον ἀδίκημα…μου	1	should say what wrong they found in me	“should say the wrong thing I did that they were able to prove”
ACT	24	21	ds1s	figs-abstractnouns	περὶ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν	1	It is concerning the resurrection of the dead	The abstract noun “resurrection” can be stated as “God brings back to life.” Alternate translation: “It is because I believe that God will bring back to life those who have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
ACT	24	21	d2lm	figs-activepassive	ἐγὼ κρίνομαι σήμερον ἐφ’ ὑμῶν	1	I am on trial before you today	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you are judging me today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	24	22	w1tn	translate-names		0	General Information:	Felix is the Roman governor of the area who resides at Caesarea. See how you translated this name in [Acts 23:24](../23/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	24	22	a87f		τῆς Ὁδοῦ	1	the Way	This is a title for Christianity. See how you translated this in [Acts 9:2](../09/02.md).
ACT	24	22	y3pg		ὅταν Λυσίας ὁ χιλίαρχος καταβῇ	1	When Lysias the commander comes down	“when Lysias the commander comes down” or “at the time Lysias the commander comes down”
ACT	24	22	k1f7		Λυσίας	1	Lysias	This is the name of the chief captain. See how you translated this name in [Acts 23:26](../23/26.md).
ACT	24	22	z5f9		καταβῇ	1	comes down from Jerusalem	Jerusalem was higher than Caesarea so it was normal for them to speak of coming down from Jerusalem.
ACT	24	22	ldi8		διαγνώσομαι τὰ καθ’ ὑμᾶς	1	I will decide your case	“I will make a decision concerning these accusations against you” or “I will judge whether you are guilty”
ACT	24	23	sxy2		ἔχειν…ἄνεσιν	1	have some freedom	“grant Paul some freedom not otherwise granted to prisoners”
ACT	24	24	wus4		μετὰ δὲ ἡμέρας τινὰς	1	After some days	“After several days”
ACT	24	24	qy9y	translate-names	Δρουσίλλῃ, τῇ…γυναικὶ	1	Drusilla his wife	Drusilla is a woman’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	24	24	xmq5	figs-explicit	Ἰουδαίᾳ	1	a Jewess	This means a female Jew. Alternate translation: “who was a Jew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	24	25	b8v1		ἔμφοβος γενόμενος, ὁ Φῆλιξ	1	Felix became frightened	Felix may have felt conviction of his sins.
ACT	24	25	p8yi		τὸ νῦν ἔχον	1	for now	“for the present time”
ACT	24	26	h4v7		χρήματα δοθήσεται αὐτῷ ὑπὸ τοῦ Παύλου	1	Paul to give money to him	Felix was hoping Paul would offer him a bribe to set him free.
ACT	24	26	n45p		διὸ καὶ πυκνότερον αὐτὸν μεταπεμπόμενος, ὡμίλει αὐτῷ	1	so he often sent for him and spoke with him	“so Felix often sent for Paul and spoke with Paul”
ACT	24	27	ur2y	translate-names	ὁ…Πόρκιον Φῆστον	1	Porcius Festus	This was the new roman Governor who replaced Felix. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	24	27	p59c	figs-synecdoche	θέλων…χάριτα καταθέσθαι τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις	1	wanted to gain favor with the Jews	Here “the Jews” refers to the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “wanted the Jewish leaders to like him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	24	27	gln6		ὁ Φῆλιξ…κατέλιπε τὸν Παῦλον δεδεμένον	1	he left Paul to continue under guard	“he left Paul in prison”
ACT	25	intro	b6uk			0		# Acts 25 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Favor<br><br>This word is used in two different ways in this chapter. When the Jewish leaders asked Festus for a favor, they were asking him to do something special for them on that day. They wanted him to do for them something that he would not usually do. When Festus “wanted to gain the favor of the Jews,” he wanted them to like him and be willing to obey him in the months and years to come. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])<br><br>### Roman citizenship<br><br>The Romans thought that they needed to treat only Roman citizens justly. They could do as they desired with people who were not Roman citizens, but they had to obey the law with other Romans. Some people were born Roman citizens, and others gave money to the Roman government so they could become Roman citizens. Roman officials could have been punished for treating a Roman citizen the same way they would treat a non-citizen.
ACT	25	1	c84u			0	General Information:	Festus becomes the governor of Caesarea. See how you translated this name in [Acts 24:27](../24/27.md).
ACT	25	1	tj76			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues to be a prisoner in Caesarea.
ACT	25	1	w8h3		οὖν	1	Now	This word marks the beginning of a new event in the story.
ACT	25	1	i7t9		Φῆστος…ἐπιβὰς τῇ ἐπαρχείᾳ	1	Festus entered the province	Possible meanings are (1) Festus arrived in the area to begin his rule or (2) Festus simply arrived in the area.
ACT	25	1	zz4l		ἀνέβη εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἀπὸ Καισαρείας	1	he went from Caesarea up to Jerusalem	The phrase “went up” is used here because Jerusalem is higher in elevation than Caesarea.
ACT	25	2	qnc8	figs-metaphor	ἐνεφάνισάν…οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ πρῶτοι τῶν Ἰουδαίων κατὰ τοῦ Παύλου	1	The chief priest and the prominent Jews brought accusations against Paul	This speaks about accusations as if they were an object that a person could bring to someone else. Alternate translation: “The chief priest and the important Jews accused Paul to Festus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	25	2	uj5p		παρεκάλουν αὐτὸν	1	they summoned him	Here the word “him” refers to Festus.
ACT	25	3	w8um		χάριν κατ’ αὐτοῦ	1	a favor against him	Here the word “him” refers to Paul.
ACT	25	3	qz46		ὅπως μεταπέμψηται αὐτὸν εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ	1	that he might summon him to Jerusalem	This means that Festus would order his soldiers to bring Paul to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “that he might order his soldiers to bring Paul to Jerusalem”
ACT	25	3	pg8x		ἀνελεῖν αὐτὸν κατὰ τὴν ὁδόν	1	so that they could kill him along the way	They were going to ambush Paul.
ACT	25	4	p3tt	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “us” refers to Festus and the Romans traveling with him, but not to his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	25	4	v5f9	figs-quotations	Φῆστος ἀπεκρίθη, τηρεῖσθαι τὸν Παῦλον εἰς Καισάρειαν, ἑαυτὸν δὲ μέλλειν ἐν τάχει ἐκπορεύεσθαι	1	Festus answered that Paul was being held at Caesarea, and that he himself was going there soon.	This can be stated as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “But Festus said, ‘Paul is being held prisoner in Caesarea, and I myself will soon return there.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
ACT	25	5	a54h	writing-quotations	οἱ οὖν…φησίν, δυνατοὶ συνκαταβάντες	1	“Therefore, those who can,” he said, “should go there with us	The phrase “he said” can be moved to the beginning of the sentence. Alternate translation: “Then he said, ‘Therefore, those who are able to go to Caesarea should go there with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
ACT	25	5	iz98		εἴ τί ἐστιν ἐν τῷ ἀνδρὶ ἄτοπον	1	If there is something wrong with the man	“If Paul has done something wrong”
ACT	25	5	nei6		κατηγορείτωσαν αὐτοῦ	1	you should accuse him	“you should accuse him of violating laws” or “you should bring charges against him”
ACT	25	6	fi27			0	General Information:	Here the first three times the word “he” is used as well as the word “him,” the words refer to Festus. The fourth word “he” refers to Paul. The word “they” refers to the Jews who came from Jerusalem.
ACT	25	6	s69c		καταβὰς εἰς Καισάρειαν	1	down to Caesarea	Jerusalem is higher geographically than Caesarea. It was common to speak of coming down from Jerusalem.
ACT	25	6	qv24	figs-metonymy	καθίσας ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος	1	sat in the judgment seat	Here “judgment seat” refers to Festus’ ruling as judge over Paul’s trial. Alternate translation: “sat upon the seat where he acted as judge” or “he sat down as judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	25	6	j7c5	figs-activepassive	τὸν Παῦλον ἀχθῆναι	1	Paul to be brought to him	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his soldiers bring Paul to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	25	7	v4v8		παραγενομένου δὲ αὐτοῦ	1	When he arrived	“When he came and stood before Festus”
ACT	25	7	e7g2	figs-metaphor	πολλὰ…βαρέα αἰτιώματα καταφέροντες	1	they brought many serious charges	Charging a person with a crime is spoken of as if it were an object that a person could bring to court. Alternate translation: “they spoke against Paul many serious things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	25	8	hc3w	figs-synecdoche	εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν	1	against the temple	Paul says he did not break any rules about who could enter the Jerusalem temple. Alternate translation: “against the entry rules of the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	25	9	m49r			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul asks to be taken before Caesar for judgment.
ACT	25	9	b49x	figs-synecdoche	θέλων τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις χάριν καταθέσθαι	1	wanted to gain the favor of the Jews	Here “the Jews” means the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “wanted to please the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	25	9	qe8h		εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἀναβὰς	1	to go up to Jerusalem	Jerusalem was higher geographically than Caesarea. It was common to speak of going up to Jerusalem.
ACT	25	9	wi2d	figs-activepassive	ἐκεῖ περὶ τούτων κριθῆναι ἐπ’ ἐμοῦ	1	and to be judged by me about these things there	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where I will judge you with regard to these charges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	25	10	u1ef	figs-metonymy	ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος Καίσαρος ἑστώς εἰμι, οὗ με δεῖ κρίνεσθαι	1	I stand before the judgment seat of Caesar where I must be judged	The “judgment seat” refers to Caesar’s authority to judge Paul. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I ask to go before Caesar, so he can judge me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	25	11	el9d	figs-hypo	οὖν ἀδικῶ καὶ ἄξιον θανάτου πέπραχά τι, οὐ παραιτοῦμαι τὸ ἀποθανεῖν; εἰ δὲ οὐδέν ἐστιν ὧν οὗτοι κατηγοροῦσίν μου, οὐδείς με δύναται αὐτοῖς χαρίσασθαι	1	Though if I have done wrong…no one may hand me over to them	Paul is stating a hypothetical situation. If he were guilty, he would accept the punishment, but he knows that he is not guilty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
ACT	25	11	ta55		εἰ…ἄξιον θανάτου πέπραχά τι	1	if I have done what is worthy of death	“if I have done some wrong that deserves the death penalty”
ACT	25	11	hxr1		οὐδέν ἐστιν ὧν οὗτοι κατηγοροῦσίν	1	if their accusations are nothing	“if the charges against me are not true”
ACT	25	11	hr23		οὐδείς με δύναται αὐτοῖς χαρίσασθαι	1	no one may hand me over to them	Possible meanings are (1) Festus does not have the legal authority to hand Paul over to these false accusers or (2) Paul was saying that if he has done nothing wrong, the governor should not give into the request of the Jews.
ACT	25	11	b1bf		Καίσαρα ἐπικαλοῦμαι	1	I appeal to Caesar	“I ask that I go before Caesar so he can judge me”
ACT	25	12	t96z		μετὰ τοῦ συμβουλίου	1	with the council	This is not the Sanhedrin that is referred to as “council” throughout Acts. This is a political council in the Roman government. Alternate translation: “with his own government advisors”
ACT	25	13	izu8	writing-participants		0	General Information:	King Agrippa and Bernice are new people in the story. Though he ruled over only a few territories, King Agrippa is the current reigning king in Palestine. Bernice is Agrippa’s sister.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	25	13	ge5h			0	Connecting Statement:	Festus explains Paul’s case to King Agrippa.
ACT	25	13	c3gc		δὲ	1	Now	This word marks the beginning of a new event in the story.
ACT	25	13	ukd3		ἀσπασάμενοι τὸν Φῆστον	1	to pay an official visit to Festus	“to visit Festus concerning official matters”
ACT	25	14	x8jf	figs-activepassive	ἀνήρ τὶς ἐστιν καταλελειμμένος ὑπὸ Φήλικος δέσμιος	1	A certain man was left behind here by Felix as a prisoner	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When Felix left office, he left a man in prison here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	25	14	z7yw		Φήλικος	1	Felix	Felix was the Roman governor of the area who resided in Caesarea. See how you translated this name in [Acts 23:24](../23/24.md).
ACT	25	15	b6hx	figs-metaphor	περὶ οὗ…ἐνεφάνισαν	1	brought charges against this man	To charge someone in court is spoken of as if it were an object that a person brings to court. Alternate translation: “spoke to me against this man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	25	15	hyp5	figs-abstractnouns	αἰτούμενοι κατ’ αὐτοῦ καταδίκην	1	they asked for a sentence of condemnation against him	The abstract nouns “sentence” and “condemnation” can be expressed as verbs. The phrase “a sentence of condemnation” implies that they were requesting that Paul be executed. Alternate translation: “they asked me to sentence him to death” or “they asked me to condemn him to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	25	16	e4tk	figs-metaphor	χαρίζεσθαί τινα ἄνθρωπον	1	to hand over anyone	Here “hand over” represents sending someone to people who will punish or kill him. Alternate translation: “let someone punish anyone” or “to condemn anyone to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	25	16	xjb4	figs-idiom	πρὶν ἢ ὁ κατηγορούμενος, κατὰ πρόσωπον…τοὺς κατηγόρους	1	before the accused had faced his accusers	Here “faced his accusers” is an idiom that means to meet with the people who accuse him. Alternate translation: “before the person whom others have accused of a crime had met directly with those who accused him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	25	17	z6g2		οὖν	1	Therefore	“Because what I have just said is true.” Fetus had just said that an accused man should be able to face his accusers and make his defense.
ACT	25	17	rm5z		συνελθόντων…ἐνθάδε	1	when they came together here	“when the Jewish leaders came to meet with me here”
ACT	25	17	efe2	figs-metonymy	καθίσας ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος	1	I sat in the judgment seat	Here “judgment seat” refers to Festus ruling over Paul’s trial as judge. Alternate translation: “I sat upon the seat to act as judge” or “I sat down as judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	25	17	hm6g	figs-activepassive	ἐκέλευσα ἀχθῆναι τὸν ἄνδρα	1	I ordered the man to be brought in	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I ordered the soldiers to bring Paul before me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	25	19	d1qm		τῆς ἰδίας δεισιδαιμονίας	1	their own religion	Here “religion” means the belief system people have toward life and the supernatural.
ACT	25	20	y9bv	figs-idiom	κἀκεῖ κρίνεσθαι περὶ τούτων	1	to stand trial there about these charges	To “stand trial” is an idiom meaning to speak to a judge so the judge can decide if a person is right or wrong. Alternate translation: “to go to trial about these charges” or “for a judge to decide if these charges against him are true or not” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	25	21	yli3			0	Connecting Statement:	Festus finishes explaining Paul’s case to King Agrippa.
ACT	25	21	ie7x	figs-activepassive	τοῦ δὲ Παύλου ἐπικαλεσαμένου τηρηθῆναι αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν τοῦ Σεβαστοῦ διάγνωσιν	1	But when Paul appealed to be kept in custody while awaiting the decision of the emperor	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But when Paul insisted that he stay under Roman guard until the time when the emperor could decide his case” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	25	21	ceq2	figs-activepassive	ἐκέλευσα τηρεῖσθαι αὐτὸν	1	I ordered him to be held in custody	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I ordered the soldiers to keep him in custody” or “I told the soldiers to guard him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	25	22	t322	writing-quotations	αὔριον, φησίν, ἀκούσῃ αὐτοῦ	1	“Tomorrow,” Festus said, “you will hear him.”	The phrase “Festus said” can be moved to the beginning of the sentence. Alternate translation: “Festus said, ‘I will arrange for you to listen to Paul tomorrow.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
ACT	25	23	y1yj			0	General Information:	Though he ruled over only a few territories, Agrippa was the current reigning king in Palestine. Bernice was his sister. See how you translated these names in [Acts 25:13](../25/13.md).
ACT	25	23	qlm5			0	Connecting Statement:	Festus again gives information about Paul’s case to King Agrippa.
ACT	25	23	yw76		μετὰ πολλῆς φαντασίας	1	with much ceremony	“with a great ceremony to honor them”
ACT	25	23	ldb7		τὸ ἀκροατήριον	1	the hall	This was a large room where people gathered for ceremonies, trials, and other events.
ACT	25	23	at4t	figs-activepassive	ἤχθη ὁ Παῦλος	1	Paul was brought to them	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the soldiers brought Paul to appear before them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	25	24	n8qj	figs-hyperbole	ἅπαν τὸ πλῆθος τῶν Ἰουδαίων	1	all the multitude of Jews	The word “all” is an exaggeration used to emphasize that a great number of Jews wanted Paul to die. Alternate translation: “a great number of the Jews” or “many of the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	25	24	ae3v		βοῶντες	1	they shouted to me	“they spoke very strongly to me”
ACT	25	24	yv2q	figs-litotes	μὴ δεῖν αὐτὸν ζῆν μηκέτι	1	he should no longer live	This statement is made in the negative to emphasize the positive equivalent. Alternate translation: “he should die immediately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
ACT	25	25	fe2n	figs-you		0	General Information:	Here the first “you” is plural; the second “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ACT	25	25	f6hy		δὲ τούτου ἐπικαλεσαμένου τὸν Σεβαστὸν	1	because he appealed to the emperor	“because he said that he wanted the emperor to judge him”
ACT	25	25	g856		τὸν Σεβαστὸν	1	the emperor	The emperor was the ruler of the Roman empire. He ruled over many countries and provinces.
ACT	25	26	jcq2		προήγαγον αὐτὸν ἐφ’ ὑμῶν, καὶ μάλιστα ἐπὶ σοῦ, Βασιλεῦ Ἀγρίππα	1	I have brought him to you, especially to you, King Agrippa	“I have brought Paul to all of you, but especially to you, King Agrippa.”
ACT	25	26	rhy2		ὅπως…σχῶ τι γράψω	1	so that I might have something more to write	“so that I will have something else to write” or “so that I will know what I should write”
ACT	25	27	txs6	figs-doublenegatives	ἄλογον…μοι δοκεῖ πέμποντα δέσμιον, μὴ καὶ…σημᾶναι	1	it seems unreasonable for me to send a prisoner and to not also state	The negative words “unreasonable” and “to not” can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “it seems reasonable to me that if I send a prisoner then I should also state” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
ACT	25	27	xm65		τὰς κατ’ αὐτοῦ αἰτίας	1	the charges against him	Possible meanings are (1) the accusations that the Jewish leaders have brought against him or (2) the charges under Roman law that apply to Paul’s case.
ACT	26	intro	e2q6			0		# Acts 26 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This is the third account of Paul’s conversion in the book of Acts. Because this is such an important event in the early church, there are three accounts of Paul’s conversion. (See: [Acts 9](../09/01.md) and [Acts 22](../22/01.md))<br><br>Paul told the King Agrippa why he had done what he had done and that the governor should not punish him for that.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
ACT	26	1	b34d			0	Connecting Statement:	Festus has brought Paul before King Agrippa. In verse 2, Paul gives his defense to King Agrippa.
ACT	26	1	gz9f		Ἀγρίππας	1	Agrippa	Agrippa was the current reigning king in Palestine, though he ruled over only a few territories. See how you translated this name in [Acts 25:13](../25/13.md).
ACT	26	1	wme6		ἐκτείνας τὴν χεῖρα	1	stretched out his hand	“held out his hand” or “gestured with his hand”
ACT	26	1	vni8	figs-abstractnouns	ἀπελογεῖτο	1	made his defense	The abstract noun “defense” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “began to defend himself against those who were accusing him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	26	2	ha47		ἥγημαι ἐμαυτὸν μακάριον	1	I regard myself as happy	Paul was happy because he considered his appearance before Agrippa to be an opportunity to speak about the gospel.
ACT	26	2	xhz1		ἀπολογεῖσθαι	1	to make my case	This phrase means to describe one’s situation, so that those in court can discuss and make a decision about it. Alternate translation: “to defend myself”
ACT	26	2	mdq2	figs-abstractnouns	περὶ πάντων ὧν ἐνκαλοῦμαι ὑπὸ Ἰουδαίων	1	against all the accusations of the Jews	The abstract noun “accusations” can be stated as the verb “accuse.” Alternate translation: “against all the Jews who are accusing me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	26	2	cbr3	figs-synecdoche	Ἰουδαίων	1	the Jews	This does not mean all the Jews. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	26	3	kns2	figs-explicit	ζητημάτων	1	questions	You can make explicit what kinds of questions this means. Alternate translation: “questions about religious matters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	26	4	t8bg	figs-hyperbole	πάντες οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι	1	all the Jews	This is a generalization. Possible meanings are (1) this refers to Jews in general who knew about Paul. Alternate translation: “the Jews” or (2) this refers to Pharisees who knew Paul. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
ACT	26	4	x96h		ἐν τῷ ἔθνει μου	1	in my own nation	Possible meanings are (1) among his own people, not necessarily in the geographical land of Israel or (2) in the land of Israel.
ACT	26	5	y9a1		τὴν ἀκριβεστάτην αἵρεσιν τῆς ἡμετέρας θρησκείας	1	the strictest party of our religion	“a group within Judaism who live by very strict rules”
ACT	26	6	xkp9	figs-you		0	General Information:	Here “you” is plural and refers to the people who were listening to Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ACT	26	6	s9kr		νῦν	1	Now	This word marks a shift from Paul discussing his past to talking about himself in the present.
ACT	26	6	i9y5	figs-activepassive	ἕστηκα κρινόμενος	1	I stand here to be judged	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am here, where they are putting me on trial” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	26	6	r42g	figs-metaphor	ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι τῆς εἰς τοὺς πατέρας ἡμῶν ἐπαγγελίας, γενομένης ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	of my certain hope in the promise made by God to our fathers	This speaks about a promise as if it were something a person could look for and see. Alternate translation: “I am waiting expectantly for God to do what he promised our forefathers he would do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	26	7	hnf1	figs-metonymy	εἰς ἣν τὸ δωδεκάφυλον ἡμῶν…ἐλπίζει καταντῆσαι	1	For this is the promise that our twelve tribes sought to receive	The phrase “our twelve tribes” stands for the people in those tribes. Alternate translation: “This is also what our fellow Jews in the twelve tribes were waiting for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	26	7	apf2	figs-metaphor	εἰς ἣν…ἐλπίζει καταντῆσαι	1	the promise…sought to receive	This speaks about a promise as if it were an object that can be received. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	26	7	kzg4	figs-merism	νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν λατρεῦον	1	worshiped God night and day	The extremes “night” and “day” mean they “worshiped God continually.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
ACT	26	7	c4lm	figs-synecdoche	ὑπὸ Ἰουδαίων	1	that the Jews	This does not mean all the Jews. Alternate translation: “that the leaders of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	26	8	de83	figs-rquestion	τί ἄπιστον κρίνεται παρ’ ὑμῖν, εἰ ὁ Θεὸς νεκροὺς ἐγείρει	1	Why should any of you think it is unbelievable that God raises the dead?	Paul uses a question to challenge the Jews present. They believe God can raise the dead but do not think God brought Jesus back to life. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “None of you think it is unbelievable that God raises the dead.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	26	8	ukk6		νεκροὺς ἐγείρει	1	raises the dead	Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “makes dead people come alive again”
ACT	26	9	hm33		μὲν οὖν	1	Now indeed	Paul uses this phrase to mark another shift in his defense. He is now beginning to describe how he formerly persecuted Jesus’ people.
ACT	26	9	r4df	figs-metonymy	πρὸς τὸ ὄνομα Ἰησοῦ…ἐναντία	1	against the name of Jesus	The word “name” here stands for the teaching about the person. Alternate translation: “to stop people from teaching about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	26	10	nys7	figs-activepassive	ἀναιρουμένων…αὐτῶν, κατήνεγκα ψῆφον	1	when they were killed, I cast my vote against them	The phrase “were killed” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I voted in agreement with the other Jewish leaders to condemn believers to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	26	11	rri6		πολλάκις τιμωρῶν αὐτοὺς	1	I punished them many times	Possible meanings are (1) Paul punished some believers many times or (2) Paul punished many different believers.
ACT	26	12	p55i			0	Connecting Statement:	While talking to King Agrippa, Paul tells about when the Lord spoke with him.
ACT	26	12	us8d		ἐν οἷς	1	While I was doing this	Paul uses this phrase to mark another shift in his defense. He is now telling about when he saw Jesus and became his disciple.
ACT	26	12	h3ic		ἐν οἷς	1	While	This word is used to mark two events that are happening at the same time. In this case, Paul went to Damascus during the time when he persecuted Christians.
ACT	26	12	ajp6		μετ’ ἐξουσίας καὶ ἐπιτροπῆς	1	with authority and orders	Paul had written letters from the Jewish leaders, granting him authority to persecute the Jewish believers.
ACT	26	14	sip5	figs-metonymy	ἤκουσα φωνὴν, λέγουσαν πρός με	1	I heard a voice speaking to me that said	Here “voice” stands for the person speaking. Alternate translation: “I heard someone speaking to me who said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	26	14	du3t		Σαοὺλ, Σαούλ, τί με διώκεις	1	Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me?	This is a rhetorical question. The speaker is alerting Saul to what Saul is doing to him, and implying that Saul should not do that. Alternate translation: “Saul, Saul, you are persecuting me.” or “Saul, Saul, stop persecuting me.” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)
ACT	26	14	zsi2	figs-metaphor	σκληρόν σοι πρὸς κέντρα λακτίζειν	1	It is hard for you to kick a goad	For Paul to resist Jesus and to persecute believers is spoken of as if he were an ox kicking at the sharp stick that a person uses to prod (or “goad”) the animal. It means that Paul is only harming himself. Alternate translation: “You will only harm yourself like an ox kicking a goad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	26	15	h2ws			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues giving his defense to King Agrippa. In these verses he continues quoting his conversation with the Lord.
ACT	26	18	fk1k	figs-metaphor	ἀνοῖξαι ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν	1	to open their eyes	Helping people to understand the truth is spoken of as if a person were literally helping someone to open his eyes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	26	18	gw8f	figs-metaphor	ἐπιστρέψαι ἀπὸ σκότους εἰς φῶς	1	to turn them from darkness to light	Helping someone to stop doing what is evil and to start trusting and obeying God is spoken of as if the person is literally leading someone out of a dark place into a place of light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	26	18	q3h8	figs-metaphor	ἐπιστρέψαι ἀπὸ…τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ Σατανᾶ	1	to turn them…from the power of Satan to God	Helping someone to stop obeying Satan and to start obeying God is spoken of as if a person were literally turning a person and taking them from the place where Satan rules and leading him to the place where God rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	26	18	m65i	figs-abstractnouns	τοῦ λαβεῖν αὐτοὺς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν	1	they may receive from God the forgiveness of sins	The abstract noun “forgiveness” can be stated as the verb “forgive.” Alternate translation: “God may forgive their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	26	18	m9ve	figs-metaphor	κλῆρον	1	an inheritance	The blessings that Jesus gives to those who believe in him are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that children receive from their father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	26	18	c5ij	figs-metaphor	τοῖς ἡγιασμένοις πίστει τῇ εἰς ἐμέ	1	sanctified by faith in me	Jesus choosing some people to belong to him is spoken of as if he literally set them apart from other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	26	18	bgc5		πίστει τῇ εἰς ἐμέ	1	by faith in me	“because they believe in me.” Here Paul finishes quoting the Lord.
ACT	26	19	ljx2		ὅθεν	1	Therefore	“Because what I have just said is true.” Paul had just explained what the Lord had commanded him in his vision.
ACT	26	19	zv2u	figs-doublenegatives	οὐκ ἐγενόμην	1	I did not disobey	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I obeyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
ACT	26	19	sn4h	figs-metonymy	τῇ οὐρανίῳ ὀπτασίᾳ	1	the heavenly vision	This refers to what the person in the vision told Paul. Alternate translation: “what the person from heaven told me in the vision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	26	20	fei4	figs-metaphor	ἐπιστρέφειν ἐπὶ τὸν Θεόν	1	turn to God	To start trusting God is spoken of as if a person turns to start walking toward God. Alternate translation: “trust in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	26	20	h1v2	figs-abstractnouns	ἄξια τῆς μετανοίας ἔργα πράσσοντας	1	doing deeds worthy of repentance	The abstract noun “repentance” can be stated as the verb “repented.” Alternate translation: “and start doing good deeds to show they truly have repented” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	26	21	tl6t	figs-synecdoche	Ἰουδαῖοι	1	the Jews	This does not mean all of the Jews. Alternate translation: “some Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	26	22	n5hn			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul finishes giving his defense to King Agrippa.
ACT	26	22	t8f4		μικρῷ τε καὶ μεγάλῳ, οὐδὲν	1	to the common people and to the great ones about nothing	Here “common people” and “great ones” are used together to mean “all people.” Alternate translation: “to all people, whether common or great, about nothing” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism)
ACT	26	22	f6py		οὐδὲν ἐκτὸς…ὧν	1	about nothing more than what	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “about the exact thing that”
ACT	26	22	i9ki		ὧν τε οἱ προφῆται	1	what the prophets	Paul is referring to the collective writings of the Old Testament prophets.
ACT	26	23	pe9h	figs-explicit	εἰ παθητὸς ὁ Χριστός	1	that Christ must suffer	You can make explicit that Christ must also die. Alternate translation: “that Christ must suffer and die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	26	23	p9t8		ἐξ ἀναστάσεως	1	to rise	to come back to life
ACT	26	23	sc5f		νεκρῶν	1	from the dead	The phrase “the dead” refers to the spirits of people who have died. To rise from among them speaks of becoming alive again.
ACT	26	23	z2ms	figs-metaphor	φῶς μέλλει καταγγέλλειν	1	he would proclaim light	“he would proclaim the message about the light.” To tell people about how God saves people is spoken of as if a person were speaking about the light. Alternate translation: “he would proclaim the message about how God saves people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	26	24	h5b9			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul and King Agrippa continue to talk together.
ACT	26	24	dvn2		μαίνῃ	1	you are insane	“you are speaking nonsense” or “you are crazy”
ACT	26	24	tk27		τὰ πολλά σε γράμματα εἰς μανίαν περιτρέπει	1	your great learning makes you insane	“you have learned so much that you are now crazy”
ACT	26	25	dur9	figs-doublenegatives	οὐ μαίνομαι…ἀλλὰ	1	I am not insane…but	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I am sane…and” or “I am able to think well…and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
ACT	26	25	a6pb		κράτιστε Φῆστε	1	most excellent Festus	“Festus, who deserves highest honors”
ACT	26	26	ed7y	figs-123person	γὰρ…ὁ βασιλεύς, πρὸς ὃν…αὐτὸν	1	For the king…to him…from him	Paul is still speaking to King Agrippa, but he is referring to him in the third person. Alternate translation: “For you…to you…from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
ACT	26	26	cs7b		παρρησιαζόμενος λαλῶ	1	I speak freely	Paul was not afraid to speak to the king about Christ. Alternate translation: “I speak boldly”
ACT	26	26	svn9	figs-activepassive	πείθομαι	1	I am persuaded	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am sure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	26	26	tta8	figs-activepassive	λανθάνειν…αὐτὸν τι τούτων οὐ	1	that none of this is hidden from him	This can be stated in active and positive form. Alternate translation: “that he is aware of this” or “that you are aware of this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
ACT	26	26	v1uu	figs-activepassive	οὐ…ἐστιν ἐν γωνίᾳ πεπραγμένον τοῦτο	1	has not been done in a corner	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “has not happened in a corner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	26	26	i5wg	figs-metaphor	ἐν γωνίᾳ	1	in a corner	This means doing something in secret as if a person went and did something in the corner of a room where no one can see him. Alternate translation: “in a dark place” or “in secret” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	26	27	a4a2	figs-rquestion	πιστεύεις, Βασιλεῦ Ἀγρίππα, τοῖς προφήταις	1	Do you believe the prophets, King Agrippa?	Paul asks this question to remind Agrippa that Agrippa already believes what the prophets said about Jesus. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “You already believe what the Jewish prophets said, King Agrippa.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	26	28	y8qq	figs-rquestion	ἐν ὀλίγῳ με πείθεις Χριστιανὸν ποιῆσαι	1	In a short time would you persuade me and make me a Christian?	Agrippa asks this question to show Paul that he cannot convince Agrippa so easily without more proof. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you do not think you can convince me so easily to believe in Jesus!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
ACT	26	29	k7kq	figs-metonymy	παρεκτὸς τῶν δεσμῶν τούτων	1	but without these prison chains	Here “prison chains” stands for being a prisoner. Alternate translation: “but, of course, I do no want you to be a prisoner like I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	26	30	k7jh			0	General Information:	Bernice was the sister of King Agrippa ([Acts 25:13](../25/13.md)).
ACT	26	30	gaq5			0	Connecting Statement:	This ends Paul’s time before King Agrippa.
ACT	26	30	u8vl		ἀνέστη τε ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ ὁ ἡγεμὼν	1	Then the king stood up, and the governor	“Then King Agrippa stood up, and Governor Festus”
ACT	26	31	blz8	figs-abstractnouns	οὐδὲν θανάτου ἢ δεσμῶν ἄξιον τι πράσσει ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος	1	This man does nothing worthy of death or of bonds	The abstract noun “death” can be stated as the verb “die.” Here “bonds” stands for being in prison. Alternate translation: “This man does not deserve to die or to be in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	26	32	n293	figs-activepassive	ἀπολελύσθαι ἐδύνατο ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος	1	This man could have been freed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “This man could have gone free” or “I could have freed this man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	27	intro	r82x			0		# Acts 27 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sailing<br><br>People who lived near the sea traveled by boat powered by the wind. During some months of the year, the wind would blow in the wrong direction or so hard that sailing was impossible.<br><br>### Trust<br><br>Paul trusted God to bring him safely to land. He told the sailers and soldiers to trust that God would also keep them alive. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>### Paul breaks bread<br><br>Luke uses almost the same words here to describe Paul taking bread, thanking God, breaking it, and eating it that he used to describe the last supper Jesus ate with his disciples. However, your translation should not make your reader think that Paul was leading a religious celebration here.
ACT	27	1	efe4	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Adramyttium was a city possibly located on the west coast of modern-day Turkey. The word “we” includes the author of Acts, Paul, and the others traveling with Paul, but not the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	27	1	dyf5			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul, as a prisoner, begins his journey to Rome.
ACT	27	1	b2yz	figs-activepassive	ὡς…ἐκρίθη	1	When it was decided	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When the king and the governor decided” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	27	1	yv84		ἀποπλεῖν…εἰς τὴν Ἰταλίαν	1	sail for Italy	Italy is the name of the province Rome was in. See how you translated “Italy” in [Acts 18:2](../18/02.md).
ACT	27	1	s6ny		παρεδίδουν τόν τε Παῦλον καί τινας ἑτέρους δεσμώτας, ἑκατοντάρχῃ ὀνόματι Ἰουλίῳ, σπείρης Σεβαστῆς	1	they put Paul and some other prisoners under the charge of a centurion named Julius of the Imperial Regiment	“they put a centurion named Julius, of the Imperial Regiment, in charge of Paul and some other prisoners”
ACT	27	1	k52u		παρεδίδουν τόν τε Παῦλον καί τινας ἑτέρους δεσμώτας	1	they put Paul and some other prisoners	Possible meanings are that (1) “they” refers to the governor and the king or (2) “they” refers to other Roman officials.
ACT	27	1	un2s	translate-names	ἑκατοντάρχῃ ὀνόματι Ἰουλίῳ	1	a centurion named Julius	Julius is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	27	1	d22f	translate-names	σπείρης Σεβαστῆς	1	the Imperial Regiment	This was the name of the battalion or army from which the centurion came. Some versions translate this as “the Augustan Regiment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	27	2	dnr9	figs-metonymy	ἐπιβάντες…πλοίῳ…μέλλοντι πλεῖν	1	We boarded a ship…which was about to sail	Here “ship…which was about to sail” stands for the crew that will sail the ship. Alternate translation: “We boarded a ship…which a crew was about to sail” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	27	2	fqy2		πλοίῳ Ἀδραμυντηνῷ	1	a ship from Adramyttium	Possible meanings are (1) a ship that had come from Adramyttium or (2) a ship that was registered or licensed in Adramyttium.
ACT	27	2	f8pf		μέλλοντι πλεῖν	1	about to sail	“soon going to sail” or “would depart soon”
ACT	27	2	m3ps		ἀνήχθημεν	1	went to sea	“began our journey on the sea”
ACT	27	2	h3uy		Ἀριστάρχου	1	Aristarchus	Aristarchus came from Macedonia but had been working with Paul in Ephesus. See how you translated his name in [Acts 19:29](../19/29.md).
ACT	27	3	r71e	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “we” refers to the writer, Paul, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	27	3	u6lt		φιλανθρώπως…ὁ Ἰούλιος τῷ Παύλῳ χρησάμενος	1	Julius treated Paul kindly	“Julius treated Paul with a friendly concern.” See how you translated “Julius” in [Acts 27:1](../27/01.md).
ACT	27	3	rp73	figs-abstractnouns	πρὸς τοὺς φίλους πορευθέντι, ἐπιμελείας τυχεῖν	1	go to his friends to receive their care	The abstract noun “care” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “go to his friends so they could care for him” or “go to his friends so they could help him with whatever he needed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
ACT	27	4	d4hg		ἀναχθέντες, ὑπεπλεύσαμεν	1	we went to sea and sailed	“we started sailing and went”
ACT	27	4	mjt8		ὑπεπλεύσαμεν τὴν Κύπρον	1	sailed under the lee of Cyprus, close to the island	“the lee of Cyprus” is the side of that island that blocks the strong wind, so sailing vessels are not forced off their course.
ACT	27	5	g1t7		Παμφυλίαν	1	Pamphylia	This was a province in Asia Minor. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:10](../02/10.md).
ACT	27	5	y6m6	figs-explicit	κατήλθαμεν εἰς Μύρρα τῆς Λυκίας	1	we landed at Myra, a city of Lycia	You can make explicit that they got off of the ship in Myra. Alternate translation: “came to Myra, a city of Lycia, where we got off the ship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	27	5	ni2x	translate-names	κατήλθαμεν εἰς Μύρρα	1	landed at Myra	Myra is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	27	5	uaf4	translate-names	τῆς Λυκίας	1	a city of Lycia	Lycia was a Roman province, located on the southwestern coast of modern-day Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	27	6	j4cf	figs-explicit	εὑρὼν…πλοῖον Ἀλεξανδρῖνον, πλέον εἰς τὴν Ἰταλίαν	1	found a ship from Alexandria that was going to sail to Italy	It is implied that a crew would sail the ship to Italy. Alternate translation: “found a ship that a crew had sailed from Alexandria and was about to sail to Italy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	27	6	fdq2	translate-names	Ἀλεξανδρῖνον	1	Alexandria	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	27	7	zzw1	figs-explicit	δὲ…βραδυπλοοῦντες καὶ μόλις, γενόμενοι	1	When we had sailed slowly…finally arrived with difficulty	You can make explicit that the reason they were sailing slowly and with difficulty was because the wind was blowing against them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	27	7	pye5	translate-names	κατὰ τὴν Κνίδον	1	near Cnidus	This is an ancient settlement located in modern-day Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	27	7	hhf1		μὴ προσεῶντος ἡμᾶς τοῦ ἀνέμου	1	the wind no longer allowed us to go that way	“we could no longer go that way because of the strong wind”
ACT	27	7	b746		ὑπεπλεύσαμεν τὴν Κρήτην	1	so we sailed along the sheltered side of Crete	“so we sailed along the side of Crete where there was less wind”
ACT	27	7	mq4n	translate-names	κατὰ Σαλμώνην	1	opposite Salmone	This is a coastal city in Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	27	8	p4ri	figs-explicit	μόλις…παραλεγόμενοι αὐτὴν	1	We sailed along the coast with difficulty	You can make explicit that even though the winds were not as strong as before, they were still strong enough to make sailing difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	27	8	a64y	translate-names	Καλοὺς Λιμένας	1	Fair Havens	This was a port near Lasea, located on the south coast of Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	27	8	n7re	translate-names	ἐγγὺς πόλις ἦν Λασαία	1	near the city of Lasea	This is a coastal city in Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	27	9	ea4l		ἱκανοῦ…χρόνου διαγενομένου	1	We had now taken much time	Because of the direction the wind was blowing, the journey from Caesarea to Fair Havens had taken more time than planned.
ACT	27	9	vlu4	figs-exclusive	διαγενομένου	1	We had now taken	The writer includes himself, Paul, and those who were traveling with them, but not the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	27	9	u6x5		καὶ ὄντος ἤδη ἐπισφαλοῦς τοῦ πλοὸς, διὰ τὸ καὶ τὴν νηστείαν ἤδη παρεληλυθέναι	1	the time of the Jewish fast also had passed, and it had now become dangerous to sail	This fast took place on the Day of Atonement, which was usually either in the last part of September or the first part of October according to Western calendars. After this time, there was a higher risk of seasonal storms.
ACT	27	10	p29v		θεωρῶ ὅτι μετὰ ὕβρεως καὶ πολλῆς ζημίας…μέλλειν ἔσεσθαι τὸν πλοῦν	1	I see that the voyage we are about to take will be with injury and much loss	“if we travel now, we will suffer much injury and loss”
ACT	27	10	nx9c		ζημίας, οὐ μόνον τοῦ φορτίου καὶ τοῦ πλοίου, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ψυχῶν ἡμῶν	1	loss, not only of the cargo and the ship, but also of our lives	Here “loss” means destruction when referring to things and death when referring to people.
ACT	27	10	q9xt		οὐ μόνον τοῦ φορτίου καὶ τοῦ πλοίου	1	not only of the cargo and the ship	Cargo is something that a person transports from one place to another by boat. Alternate translation: “not only the ship and the goods on the ship”
ACT	27	11	b1kz	figs-activepassive	ὑπὸ Παύλου λεγομένοις	1	that were spoken by Paul	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that Paul said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	27	12	l2n4	figs-activepassive	ἀνευθέτου…τοῦ λιμένος ὑπάρχοντος πρὸς παραχειμασίαν	1	harbor was not easy to spend the winter in	You can make explicit why it was not easy to stay in the harbor. Alternate translation: “harbor did not sufficiently protect docked ships during winter storms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	27	12	jmi3		λιμένος	1	harbor	a place near land that is usually safe for ships
ACT	27	12	k2ti	translate-names	Φοίνικα	1	city of Phoenix	Phoenix is a city port on the south coast of Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	27	12	z1lf	figs-metaphor	παραχειμάσαι	1	to spend the winter there	This speaks about the season of winter as if it were a commodity that someone can spend. Alternate translation: “to stay there for the cold season” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	27	12	x6vl		βλέποντα κατὰ λίβα καὶ κατὰ χῶρον	1	facing both southwest and northwest	Here “faces northwest and southwest” means the opening of the harbor was toward those directions. Alternate translation: “it opened to the northwest and southwest”
ACT	27	12	gyd2		λίβα καὶ…χῶρον	1	southwest and northwest	These directions are based on the rising and setting sun. Northeast is a little to the left of the rising sun. Southeast is a little to the right of the rising sun. Some versions say “northeast and southeast.”
ACT	27	13	xx67		ἄραντες	1	weighed anchor	Here “weighed” means to pull out of the water. An anchor is a heavy object attached to a rope that is secured to the boat. The anchor is tossed into the water and sinks to the bottom of the sea keeping the ship from drifting about.
ACT	27	14	hv8h			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul and those traveling on the boat encounter a fierce storm.
ACT	27	14	m2xe		μετ’ οὐ πολὺ	1	after a short time	“after a little while”
ACT	27	14	fs4z		ἄνεμος τυφωνικὸς	1	a wind of hurricane force	“a very strong, dangerous wind”
ACT	27	14	g1ek	translate-transliterate	καλούμενος Εὐρακύλων	1	called the northeaster	“called ‘a strong wind from the northeast.’” The word for “the northeaster” in the original language is “Euroclydon.” You can transliterate this word for your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
ACT	27	14	tz2k		ἔβαλεν κατ’ αὐτῆς	1	began to beat down from the island	“came in from the island of Crete, and it blew strongly against our ship”
ACT	27	15	fxp1		συναρπασθέντος δὲ τοῦ πλοίου, καὶ μὴ δυναμένου ἀντοφθαλμεῖν τῷ ἀνέμῳ	1	When the ship was caught by the storm and could no longer head into the wind	“When the wind blew so strongly against the front of the ship that we could not sail against it”
ACT	27	15	w1hl	figs-activepassive	ἐπιδόντες ἐφερόμεθα	1	we had to give way to the storm and were driven along by the wind	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we stopped trying to sail forward, and we let the wind push us whichever way it blew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	27	16	c4cg		νησίον…τι ὑποδραμόντες	1	We sailed along the lee of a small island	“We sailed on the side of the island where the wind was not so strong”
ACT	27	16	aq56	translate-names	νησίον…τι ὑποδραμόντες	1	a small island called Cauda	This island was located on the south coast of Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	27	16	h9z2		σκάφης	1	lifeboat	This is a smaller boat that is sometimes pulled behind the ship, and sometimes it was brought onto the ship and tied down. The smaller boat was used for various reasons, including escaping from a sinking ship.
ACT	27	17	v9ag		ἣν ἄραντες	1	they had hoisted the lifeboat up	“they had lifted up the lifeboat” or “they had pulled the lifeboat aboard the ship”
ACT	27	17	tx1f		βοηθείαις ἐχρῶντο, ὑποζωννύντες τὸ πλοῖον	1	they used its ropes to bind the hull of the ship	The “hull” is the body of the ship. They tied ropes around it so that the ship would not come apart during the storm.
ACT	27	17	dvv4	translate-names	τὴν Σύρτιν	1	sandbars of Syrtis	Sandbars are very shallow areas in the sea where ships can get stuck in the sand. Syrtis is located on the coast of Libya, northern Africa. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	27	17	l8kl		χαλάσαντες τὸ σκεῦος	1	they lowered the sea anchor	They put the ship’s anchor in the water in order to slow down where the wind would blow them.
ACT	27	17	v6dn		σκεῦος	1	anchor	An anchor is a heavy object attached to a rope that is secured to the boat. The anchor is tossed into the water and sinks to the bottom of the sea keeping the ship from drifting about. See how you translated this in [Acts 27:13](../27/13.md).
ACT	27	17	g7rw	figs-activepassive	ἐφέροντο	1	were driven along	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “had to go in whatever direction the wind blew us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	27	18	fx4m	figs-activepassive	σφοδρῶς…χειμαζομένων	1	We took such a violent battering by the storm	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The wind blew us roughly back and forth that all of us were badly battered and bruised by the storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	27	18	nd5h		ἐκβολὴν ἐποιοῦντο	1	they began throwing the cargo overboard	“they” is the sailors. This is done to lighten the weight of the ship in an effort to prevent the ship from sinking.
ACT	27	18	ny6k		ἐκβολὴν	1	cargo	Cargo is something that a person transports from one place to another by boat. See how you translated this in [Acts 27:10](../27/10.md). Alternate translation: “goods on the ship”
ACT	27	19	vm2k		αὐτόχειρες τὴν σκευὴν τοῦ πλοίου ἔριψαν	1	the sailors threw overboard the ship’s equipment with their own hands	Here “equipment” refers to the sailors’ equipment needed to sail the ship: tackle, hoists, beams of wood, block and tackle, ropes, lines, sails, and the like. This indicates how desperate the situation was.
ACT	27	20	if7a		μήτε δὲ ἡλίου μήτε ἄστρων ἐπιφαινόντων ἐπὶ πλείονας ἡμέρας	1	When the sun and stars did not shine on us for many days	They could not see the sun and stars because of the dark storm clouds. Sailors needed to see the sun and stars in order to know where they were and what direction they were headed.
ACT	27	20	p2wd		χειμῶνός…οὐκ ὀλίγου ἐπικειμένου	1	the great storm still beat upon us	“the terrible storm still blew us roughly back and forth”
ACT	27	20	mnj5	figs-activepassive	περιῃρεῖτο ἐλπὶς πᾶσα, τοῦ σῴζεσθαι ἡμᾶς	1	any more hope that we should be saved was abandoned	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “everyone stopped hoping we would survive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	27	21	mmb2			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul speaks to the sailors on the ship.
ACT	27	21	d1le	figs-explicit	πολλῆς τε ἀσιτίας ὑπαρχούσης	1	When they had gone long without food	Here “they” refers to the sailors. It is implied that Luke, Paul, and those with them had not eaten either. Alternate translation: “When we had gone a long time without food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	27	21	zns2		μέσῳ αὐτῶν	1	among the sailors	“among the men”
ACT	27	21	bc1x		κερδῆσαί τε τὴν ὕβριν ταύτην, καὶ τὴν ζημίαν	1	so as to get this injury and loss	“and as a result suffer this harm and loss”
ACT	27	22	d95r	figs-explicit	ἀποβολὴ…ψυχῆς οὐδεμία ἔσται ἐξ ὑμῶν	1	there will be no loss of life among you	Paul is speaking to the sailors. It is implied that Paul also means that he and those with him will not die either. Alternate translation: “none of us will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	27	22	djh4		πλὴν τοῦ πλοίου	1	but only the loss of the ship	Here “loss” is used in the sense of destroy. Alternate translation: “but the storm will destroy only the ship”
ACT	27	24	z1j8	figs-metonymy	Καίσαρί σε δεῖ παραστῆναι	1	You must stand before Caesar	The phrase “stand before Caesar” refers to Paul’s going to court and letting Caesar judge him. Alternate translation: “You must stand before Caesar so he can judge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	27	24	s3wv		κεχάρισταί σοι…πάντας τοὺς πλέοντας μετὰ σοῦ	1	has given to you all those who are sailing with you	“has decided to allow all those who are sailing with you to live”
ACT	27	25	r9t8	figs-activepassive	καθ’ ὃν τρόπον λελάληταί μοι	1	just as it was told to me	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “just as the angel told me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	27	26	vmp6		εἰς νῆσον…τινα, δεῖ ἡμᾶς ἐκπεσεῖν	1	we must run aground upon some island	“we must steer our boat so that it wrecks on some island”
ACT	27	27	im34			0	Connecting Statement:	The fierce storm continues.
ACT	27	27	rrm5	translate-ordinal	ὡς δὲ τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτη νὺξ ἐγένετο	1	When the fourteenth night had come	The ordinal number “fourteenth” can be translated as “fourteen” or “14.” Alternate translation: “After 14 days since the storm started, that night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ACT	27	27	la7u	figs-activepassive	διαφερομένων ἡμῶν	1	as we were driven this way and that	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “as the wind blew us back and forth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	27	27	afs6	translate-names	τῷ Ἀδρίᾳ	1	the Adriatic Sea	This is the sea between Italy and Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	27	28	ruj1		βολίσαντες	1	They took soundings	“They measured the depth of the sea water.” They measured the depth of water by dropping a line with a weight tied to the end of it into the water.
ACT	27	28	tq53	translate-numbers	εὗρον ὀργυιὰς εἴκοσι	1	found twenty fathoms	“found 20 fathoms.” A “fathom” is a unit of measurement for measuring the depth of water. One fathom is about two meters. Alternate translation: “found 40 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ACT	27	28	ig3m	translate-numbers	εὗρον ὀργυιὰς δεκαπέντε	1	found fifteen fathoms	“found 15 fathoms.” A “fathom” is a unit of measurement for measuring the depth of water. One fathom is about two meters. Alternate translation: “found 30 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ACT	27	29	b1qc		ἀγκύρας	1	anchors	An anchor is a heavy object attached to a rope that is secured to the boat. The anchor is tossed into the water and sinks to the bottom of the sea, keeping the ship from drifting about. See how you translated this in [Acts 27:13](../27/13.md).
ACT	27	29	q4am		ἐκ πρύμνης	1	from the stern	“from the back of the ship”
ACT	27	30	br71	figs-you		0	General Information:	Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the centurion and the Roman soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
ACT	27	30	b4wv		τὴν σκάφην	1	the lifeboat	This is a smaller boat that is sometimes pulled behind the ship and sometime it was brought onto the ship and tied down. The smaller boat was used for various reasons, including escaping from a sinking ship. See how you translated this in [Acts 27:16](../27/16.md).
ACT	27	30	rr89		ἐκ πρῴρης	1	from the bow	“from the front of the ship”
ACT	27	31	ez5c	figs-doublenegatives	ἐὰν μὴ οὗτοι μείνωσιν ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ, ὑμεῖς σωθῆναι οὐ δύνασθε	1	Unless these men stay in the ship, you cannot be saved	The negative words “Unless” and “cannot” can be stated in positive form. The passive phrase “be saved” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “These men must stay in the ship in order for you to survive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	27	33	q3y8		ἄχρι δὲ οὗ ἡμέρα ἤμελλεν γίνεσθαι	1	When daylight was coming on	“When it was almost sunrise”
ACT	27	33	j5yg	translate-ordinal	τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτην σήμερον ἡμέραν	1	This day is the fourteenth day that	The ordinal number “fourteenth” can be stated as “fourteen.” Alternate translation: “For 14 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
ACT	27	34	j3qx	figs-idiom	οὐδενὸς…ὑμῶν θρὶξ ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς ἀπολεῖται	1	not one of you will lose a single hair from his head	This was a customary way of saying no harm would come upon them. Alternate translation: “every one of you will survive this disaster unharmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
ACT	27	35	yh7y		κλάσας	1	broke the bread	“tore the bread” or “tore off a piece from the loaf of bread”
ACT	27	36	zt9q	figs-activepassive	εὔθυμοι δὲ γενόμενοι πάντες	1	Then they were all encouraged	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “This encouraged all of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	27	37	ynq3	translate-numbers	ἤμεθα δὲ αἱ πᾶσαι ψυχαὶ ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ, διακόσιαι ἑβδομήκοντα ἕξ	1	We were 276 people in the ship	“We were two hundred and seventy-six people in the ship.” This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	27	39	vdk2		κόλπον	1	bay	a large area of water partly surrounded by land
ACT	27	39	r1bx		τὴν γῆν οὐκ ἐπεγίνωσκον	1	did not recognize the land	“saw land but could not recognize it as any place they knew”
ACT	27	40	k66v		τὰς ἀγκύρας περιελόντες, εἴων	1	cut loose the anchors and left them	“cut the ropes and left the anchors behind”
ACT	27	40	ntr9		πηδαλίων	1	rudders	large oars or pieces of wood at the back of the ship used for steering
ACT	27	40	cn2w		τὸν ἀρτέμωνα	1	the foresail	“the sail at the front of the ship.” The sail was a large piece of cloth that catches the wind to move the ship.
ACT	27	40	pa1k		κατεῖχον εἰς τὸν αἰγιαλόν	1	they headed to the beach	“they steered the ship toward the beach”
ACT	27	41	y22n		περιπεσόντες…εἰς τόπον διθάλασσον	1	they came to a place where two currents met	A current is water flowing in one continuous direction. Sometimes more than one water current can flow across another. This may cause the sand under the water to pile up making the water more shallow.
ACT	27	41	cpu5		πρῷρα	1	The bow of the ship	“The front of the ship”
ACT	27	41	v35z		ἡ…πρύμνα	1	the stern	“the back of the ship”
ACT	27	42	qul7		τῶν…στρατιωτῶν, βουλὴ ἐγένετο	1	The soldiers’ plan was	“The soldiers were planning”
ACT	27	43	s2sz		ἐκώλυσεν αὐτοὺς τοῦ βουλήματος	1	so he stopped their plan	“so he stopped them from doing what they planned to do”
ACT	27	43	br8u		ἀπορίψαντας	1	jump overboard	“jump off the ship into the water”
ACT	27	44	hw7p		οὓς…ἐπὶ σανίσιν	1	some on planks	“some on wooden boards”
ACT	28	intro	w8yn			0		# Acts 28 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>No one knows for sure why Luke ends his history without telling what happened to Paul after he had been in Rome for two years.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “Letters” and “brothers”<br><br>The Jewish leaders were surprised that Paul wanted to speak with them, because they had received no letters from the high priest in Jerusalem telling them that Paul was coming.<br><br>When the Jewish leaders spoke of “brothers,” they were referring to fellow Jews, not to Christians.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “He was a god”<br><br>The native people believed that Paul was a god, but they did not believe that he was the one true God. We do not know why Paul did not tell the native people that he was not a god.
ACT	28	1	p1bd	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “we” refers to Paul, the writer, and those who traveled with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	28	1	twx8			0	Connecting Statement:	After the shipwreck, people on the island of Malta helped Paul and everyone on the ship. They stay there for 3 months.
ACT	28	1	j1yf	figs-activepassive	καὶ διασωθέντες	1	When we were brought safely through	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When we arrived safely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	28	1	tt1i	figs-exclusive	ἐπέγνωμεν	1	we learned	Paul and Luke learned the name of the island. Alternate translation: “we learned from the people” or “we found out from the residents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	28	1	f8y4	translate-names	Μελίτη ἡ νῆσος καλεῖται	1	the island was called Malta	Malta is an island located south of the modern-day island of Sicily. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	28	2	e7w6		οἵ…βάρβαροι	1	The native people	“The local people”
ACT	28	2	v8yh	figs-metaphor	παρεῖχαν οὐ τὴν τυχοῦσαν φιλανθρωπίαν ἡμῖν	1	offered to us not just ordinary kindness	Being kind to someone is spoken of as if it were an object that someone offers. Alternate translation: “were not only very kind to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	28	2	r7jy	figs-litotes	οὐ τὴν τυχοῦσαν φιλανθρωπίαν	1	not just ordinary kindness	This phrase is used to emphasize the opposite of what is said. Alternate translation: “a great deal of kindness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
ACT	28	2	z9cp		ἅψαντες…πυρὰν	1	they lit a fire	“they put together twigs and branches and burned them”
ACT	28	2	itw2		προσελάβοντο πάντας ἡμᾶς	1	welcomed us all	Possible meanings are (1) “welcomed all of the people from the ship” or (2) “welcomed Paul and all his companions.”
ACT	28	3	g4ad		ἔχιδνα ἀπὸ τῆς θέρμης ἐξελθοῦσα	1	a viper came out	“a poisonous snake came out of the bundle of sticks”
ACT	28	3	xmx4		καθῆψε τῆς χειρὸς αὐτοῦ	1	fastened onto his hand	“bit Paul’s hand and did not let go”
ACT	28	4	ye7h		πάντως φονεύς ἐστιν ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος	1	This man certainly is a murderer	“For sure, this man is a murderer” or “This man is truly a murderer”
ACT	28	4	ma1b	figs-explicit	ἡ δίκη…εἴασεν	1	yet justice	The word “justice” refers to the name of a god that they worshiped. Alternate translation: “the god called Justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	28	5	q5i3		ἀποτινάξας τὸ θηρίον εἰς τὸ πῦρ	1	shook the animal into the fire	“shook his hand so that the snake fell from his hand into the fire”
ACT	28	5	asr8		ἔπαθεν οὐδὲν κακόν	1	suffered no harm	“Paul was not hurt at all”
ACT	28	6	m11i		πίμπρασθαι	1	become inflamed with a fever	Possible meanings are (1) his body would swell because of the snake venom or (2) he would become very hot with fever.
ACT	28	6	i6i6	figs-doublenegatives	μηδὲν ἄτοπον εἰς αὐτὸν γινόμενον	1	nothing was unusual with him	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “everything about him was as it should be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
ACT	28	6	u81u	figs-metaphor	μεταβαλόμενοι	1	they changed their minds	To think differently about a situation is spoken of as if a person is changing his mind. Alternate translation: “they thought again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	28	6	cfe9	figs-quotations	ἔλεγον αὐτὸν εἶναι θεόν	1	said that he was a god.	This can be stated as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “said, ‘This man must be a god.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
ACT	28	6	d1rj		ἔλεγον αὐτὸν εἶναι θεόν	1	said that he was a god	Perhaps there was a belief that someone who lived after a poisonous snake bite was divine or a god.
ACT	28	7	f4sa	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the words “us” and we” refer to Paul, Luke, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	28	7	r95r		ἐν δὲ τοῖς περὶ τὸν τόπον ἐκεῖνον	1	Now in a nearby place	“Now” is used to introduce a new person or event in the account.
ACT	28	7	wx6t		πρώτῳ τῆς νήσου	1	chief man of the island	Possible meanings are (1) the main leader of the people or (2) someone who was the most important person on the island, perhaps because of his wealth.
ACT	28	7	wh2d	translate-names	ὀνόματι Ποπλίῳ	1	a man named Publius	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	28	8	g12t	writing-background	ἐγένετο δὲ, τὸν πατέρα τοῦ Ποπλίου πυρετοῖς καὶ δυσεντερίῳ συνεχόμενον κατακεῖσθαι	1	It happened that the father of Publius…fever and dysentery	This is background information about Publius’ father that is important to understanding the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
ACT	28	8	m154	figs-activepassive	συνεχόμενον κατακεῖσθαι	1	had been made ill	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “was ill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	28	8	fr46		πυρετοῖς καὶ δυσεντερίῳ συνεχόμενον κατακεῖσθαι	1	ill with a fever and dysentery	Dysentery is an infectious intestinal disease.
ACT	28	8	pwk5		ἐπιθεὶς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῷ	1	placed his hands on him	“touched him with his hands”
ACT	28	9	yk6u	figs-activepassive	ἐθεραπεύοντο	1	were healed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he healed them too” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	28	10	ydg4		πολλαῖς τιμαῖς ἐτίμησαν ἡμᾶς	1	honored us with many honors	Probably they honored Paul and those with him by giving them gifts.
ACT	28	11	jc5t	figs-explicit		0	General Information:	The Twin Brothers refers to Castor and Pollux, the twin sons of Zeus, a Greek god. They were thought to be protectors of ships. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
ACT	28	11	be1c			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul’s journey to Rome continues.
ACT	28	11	qi6e		παρακεχειμακότι ἐν τῇ νήσῳ	1	that had spent the winter at the island	“that the crew left at the island for the cold season”
ACT	28	11	cm2t		Ἀλεξανδρίνῳ	1	a ship of Alexandria	Possible meanings are this refers to (1) a ship that came from Alexandria, or (2) a ship that was registered or licensed in Alexandria.
ACT	28	11	em5p		Διοσκούροις	1	the twin gods	On the bow of the ship, there was a carving of the two idols called “the twin gods.” Their names were Castor and Pollux.
ACT	28	12	w5c6	translate-names	Συρακούσας	1	city of Syracuse	Syracuse is a city on the southeast coast of the modern-day island of Sicily, just southwest of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	28	13	se8v	translate-names		0	General Information:	The Market of Appius and The Three Taverns was a popular market and inn on the main highway called the Appian Way, about 50 kilometers south of the city of Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	28	13	z2u4	translate-names	Ῥήγιον	1	city of Rhegium	This is the port city located at the southwestern tip of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	28	13	p633		ἐπιγενομένου νότου	1	a south wind sprang up	“the wind began to blow from the south”
ACT	28	13	tz4h	translate-names	Ποτιόλους	1	city of Puteoli	Puteoli is located in modern-day Naples on the west coast of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
ACT	28	14	m1is		οὗ εὑρόντες	1	There we found	“There we met”
ACT	28	14	n3tw	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοὺς	1	brothers	These were followers of Jesus, including both men and women. Alternate translation: “fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
ACT	28	14	a2c5	figs-activepassive	παρεκλήθημεν	1	were invited	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they invited us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	28	14	bc3j		καὶ οὕτως εἰς τὴν Ῥώμην ἤλθαμεν	1	In this way we came to Rome	Once Paul reached Puteoli, the rest of the journey to Rome was on land. Alternate translation: “And after we stayed seven days with them, we went to Rome”
ACT	28	15	k754		ἀκούσαντες, τὰ περὶ ἡμῶν	1	after they heard about us	“after they heard we were coming”
ACT	28	15	m9tz	figs-metaphor	εὐχαριστήσας τῷ Θεῷ, ἔλαβε θάρσος	1	he thanked God and took courage	Taking courage is spoken of as if it were an object that a person could take. Alternate translation: “this encouraged him, and he thanked God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	28	16	fib2	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “we” refers to the writer, Paul, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	28	16	hf2t			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul arrives in Rome as a prisoner but with the freedom to stay in his own place. He calls the local Jews together to explain what has happened to him.
ACT	28	16	te8v	figs-activepassive	ὅτε δὲ εἰσήλθομεν εἰς Ῥώμην	1	When we entered Rome, Paul was allowed to	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “After we had arrived in Rome, the Roman authorities gave Paul permission to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	28	17	vf7r		ἐγένετο δὲ	1	Then it came about that	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
ACT	28	17	d77z		τῶν Ἰουδαίων πρώτους	1	the leaders among the Jews	These are the Jewish civil or religious leaders present in Rome.
ACT	28	17	e1dd		ἀδελφοί	1	Brothers	Here this means “Fellow Jews.”
ACT	28	17	g55i		ἐναντίον…τῷ λαῷ	1	against the people	“against our people” or “against the Jews”
ACT	28	17	hgk4	figs-activepassive	δέσμιος ἐξ Ἱεροσολύμων παρεδόθην εἰς τὰς χεῖρας τῶν Ῥωμαίων	1	I was delivered as a prisoner from Jerusalem into the hands of the Romans	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “some of the Jews arrested me in Jerusalem and placed me in the custody of the Roman authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	28	17	x3r2	figs-metonymy	εἰς τὰς χεῖρας τῶν Ῥωμαίων	1	into the hands of the Romans	Here “hands” stands for power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	28	18	fed7		τὸ μηδεμίαν αἰτίαν θανάτου ὑπάρχειν ἐν ἐμοί	1	there was no reason in me for a death penalty	“I had done nothing to cause them to execute me”
ACT	28	19	lr96	figs-synecdoche	τῶν Ἰουδαίων	1	the Jews	This does not mean all of the Jews. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
ACT	28	19	zk8f		ἀντιλεγόντων	1	spoke against their desire	“complained about what the Roman authorities wanted to do”
ACT	28	19	n6vf	figs-activepassive	ἠναγκάσθην ἐπικαλέσασθαι Καίσαρα	1	I was forced to appeal to Caesar	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I had to ask for Caesar to judge me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	28	19	e7gr	figs-activepassive	οὐχ ὡς τοῦ ἔθνους μου ἔχων τι κατηγορεῖν	1	although it is not as if I were bringing any accusation against my nation	The abstract noun “accusation” can be stated as the verb “accuse.” Here “nation” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “but it was not because I wanted to accuse the people of my nation before Caesar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	28	20	b1fd		τῆς ἐλπίδος τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ	1	the certain hope of Israel	Possible meanings are (1) the people of Israel confidently expect the Messiah to come or (2) the people of Israel confidently expect God to bring those who have died back to life.
ACT	28	20	n3s7	figs-metonymy	τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ	1	Israel	Here “Israel” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” or “the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	28	20	pgr8	figs-metonymy	τὴν ἅλυσιν ταύτην περίκειμαι	1	that I am bound with this chain	Here “bound with this chain” stands for being a prisoner. Alternate translation: “that I am a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	28	21	x5d5	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the words “We,” “we,” and “us” refer to the Jewish leaders in Rome. (See: [Acts 28:17](../28/17.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
ACT	28	21	biz7			0	Connecting Statement:	The Jewish leaders respond to Paul.
ACT	28	21	y4bx		οὔτε παραγενόμενός τις τῶν ἀδελφῶν	1	nor did any of the brothers	Here “brothers” stands for fellow Jews. Alternate translation: “nor did any of our fellow Jews”
ACT	28	22	kw1d		φρονεῖς, περὶ…τῆς αἱρέσεως ταύτης	1	you think about this sect	A sect is a smaller group within a larger group. Here it refers to those who believe in Jesus. Alternate translation: “you think about this group to which you belong”
ACT	28	22	gy8t	figs-activepassive	γὰρ…γνωστὸν ἡμῖν ἐστι	1	because it is known by us	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because we know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	28	22	j12v	figs-activepassive	ἐστιν…πανταχοῦ ἀντιλέγεται	1	it is spoken against everywhere	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “many Jews all over the Roman Empire are saying bad things about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	28	23	u7pc			0	General Information:	Here the word “they” refers to the Jewish leaders in Rome. The words “him,” “his,” and “He” and refer to Paul ([Acts 28:17](../28/17.md)).
ACT	28	23	q4iv		ταξάμενοι…αὐτῷ ἡμέραν	1	had set a day for him	“had chosen a time for him to speak to them”
ACT	28	23	dg5f	figs-metonymy	διαμαρτυρόμενος τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	testified about the kingdom of God	Here “kingdom of God” stands for God’s rule as king. Alternate translation: “told them about God’s rule as king” or “told them how God would show himself as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	28	23	peu1	figs-metonymy	τῶν προφητῶν	1	from the prophets	Here “the prophets” refers to what they wrote. Alternate translation: “from what the prophets wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	28	24	pmd6	figs-activepassive	καὶ οἱ μὲν ἐπείθοντο τοῖς λεγομένοις	1	Some were convinced about the things which were said	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Paul was able to convince some of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	28	25	t5dq			0	General Information:	Here the word “they” refers to the Jewish leaders in Rome ([Acts 28:17](../28/17.md)). The word “your” refers to the people to whom Paul had been speaking. In verse 26, Paul begins to quote the prophet Isaiah.
ACT	28	25	i5xz			0	Connecting Statement:	As the Jewish leaders were ready to leave, Paul quotes the Old Testament scriptures that were appropriate for this time.
ACT	28	25	n7pm	figs-metonymy	εἰπόντος τοῦ Παύλου ῥῆμα ἓν	1	after Paul had spoken this one word	Here “word” stands for a message or statement. Alternate translation: “after Paul had said one more thing” or “after Paul had made this statement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	28	25	b11n	figs-quotesinquotes	καλῶς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον ἐλάλησεν διὰ Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας ὑμῶν	1	The Holy Spirit spoke well through Isaiah the prophet to your fathers.	This sentence contains quotations within quotations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
ACT	28	26	qj7q	figs-quotesinquotes	λέγων, πορεύθητι πρὸς τὸν λαὸν τοῦτον…εἰπόν, ἀκοῇ ἀκούσετε, καὶ οὐ μὴ συνῆτε; καὶ βλέποντες βλέψετε, καὶ οὐ μὴ ἴδητε	1	He said, ‘Go to this people and say, “By hearing you will hear, but not understand; and seeing you will see, but will not perceive	This is the end of the sentence that begins with the words “The Holy Spirit spoke” in verse 25 and that contains quotations within quotations. You can translate one of the inner quotations as an indirect quotation, or you can translate two of the inner quotations as indirect quotations. “The Holy Spirit spoke well through Isaiah the prophet to your forefathers when the Spirit told Isaiah to go tell them that they will hear but will not understand and they will see but they will not perceive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
ACT	28	26	pax8		ἀκοῇ ἀκούσετ…βλέποντες βλέψετε	1	By hearing you will hear…and seeing you will see	The words “hear” and “see” are repeated for emphasis. “You will listen carefully…and you will look intently”
ACT	28	26	s1ti	figs-parallelism	καὶ οὐ μὴ συνῆτε;…καὶ οὐ μὴ ἴδητε	1	but not understand…but will not perceive	Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the Jewish people will not understand God’s plan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
ACT	28	27	fz42			0	General Information:	Translate Paul’s quotation of Isaiah as a direct quotation or indirect quotation according to how you translated it in [Acts 28:25-26](./25.md).
ACT	28	27	qu6t			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul finishes quoting Isaiah the prophet.
ACT	28	27	ts5a	figs-metaphor	ἐπαχύνθη γὰρ ἡ καρδία τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου	1	For the heart of this people has become dull	People who stubbornly refuse to understand what God is saying or doing are spoken of as if their heart is dull. Here “heart” is a metonym for the mind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	28	27	f5m4	figs-metaphor	τοῖς ὠσὶν βαρέως ἤκουσαν, καὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν ἐκάμμυσαν	1	with their ears they hardly hear, and they have shut their eyes	People who stubbornly refuse to understand what God is saying or doing are spoken of as if they are unable to hear and are shutting their eyes so that they will see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	28	27	lr99	figs-metonymy	τῇ καρδίᾳ συνῶσιν	1	understand with their heart	Here “heart” stands for the mind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
ACT	28	27	q8c2	figs-metaphor	ἐπιστρέψωσιν	1	turn again	To start obeying God is spoken of as though the person were physically turning toward God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
ACT	28	27	vb9f		ἰάσομαι αὐτούς	1	I would heal them	This does not mean God will only heal them physically. He will also heal them spiritually by forgiving their sins.
ACT	28	28	c575			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul finishes speaking to the Jewish leaders in Rome.
ACT	28	28	b2za	figs-metaphor	τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἀπεστάλη τοῦτο τὸ σωτήριον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	this salvation of God has been sent to the Gentiles	God’s message about how he saves people is spoken of as if it were an object that is sent. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God is sending his messengers to the Gentiles to tell them about how he will save them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
ACT	28	28	d18n		αὐτοὶ…ἀκούσονται	1	they will listen	“some of them will listen.” This response of the Gentiles is in contrast to the way the Jews of that time responded.
ACT	28	30	c56e	writing-endofstory		0	Connecting Statement:	Luke ends the story of Paul in the book of Acts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
ACT	28	31	wv1l	figs-metonymy	κηρύσσων τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	He was proclaiming the kingdom of God	Here “kingdom of God” refers to God’s rule as king. Alternate translation: “He was preaching about God’s rule as king” or “He was preaching about how God will show himself as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])