From e8b5e6273228ccc5e5db469a545614a56805d863 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Larry Sallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org> Date: Thu, 22 Jul 2021 18:44:43 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Change intro phrases to "This could mean:" (#1936) Co-authored-by: Larry Sallee <larry.sallee@unfoldingword.org> Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/1936 Co-authored-by: Larry Sallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org> Co-committed-by: Larry Sallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org> --- en_tn_03-LEV.tsv | 16 +-- en_tn_04-NUM.tsv | 34 ++--- en_tn_05-DEU.tsv | 62 ++++----- en_tn_07-JDG.tsv | 12 +- en_tn_08-RUT.tsv | 2 +- en_tn_09-1SA.tsv | 110 ++++++++-------- en_tn_10-2SA.tsv | 18 +-- en_tn_11-1KI.tsv | 44 +++---- en_tn_12-2KI.tsv | 34 ++--- en_tn_13-1CH.tsv | 28 ++--- en_tn_14-2CH.tsv | 84 ++++++------- en_tn_16-NEH.tsv | 2 +- en_tn_17-EST.tsv | 2 +- en_tn_18-JOB.tsv | 82 ++++++------ en_tn_19-PSA.tsv | 320 +++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------ en_tn_20-PRO.tsv | 110 ++++++++-------- en_tn_21-ECC.tsv | 46 +++---- en_tn_22-SNG.tsv | 18 +-- en_tn_23-ISA.tsv | 192 ++++++++++++++-------------- en_tn_24-JER.tsv | 124 +++++++++--------- en_tn_25-LAM.tsv | 44 +++---- en_tn_26-EZK.tsv | 128 +++++++++---------- en_tn_27-DAN.tsv | 14 +-- en_tn_28-HOS.tsv | 14 +-- en_tn_29-JOL.tsv | 4 +- en_tn_30-AMO.tsv | 20 +-- en_tn_32-JON.tsv | 4 +- en_tn_33-MIC.tsv | 14 +-- en_tn_34-NAM.tsv | 20 +-- en_tn_35-HAB.tsv | 38 +++--- en_tn_36-ZEP.tsv | 10 +- en_tn_37-HAG.tsv | 4 +- en_tn_38-ZEC.tsv | 44 +++---- en_tn_39-MAL.tsv | 8 +- 34 files changed, 853 insertions(+), 853 deletions(-) diff --git a/en_tn_03-LEV.tsv b/en_tn_03-LEV.tsv index 39d856c861..b8e8555f0d 100644 --- a/en_tn_03-LEV.tsv +++ b/en_tn_03-LEV.tsv @@ -813,7 +813,7 @@ LEV 16 12 rb7j 0 sweet incense “sweet-smelling incense.” This refers to th LEV 16 14 q6jm 0 the blood of the bull This is the blood Aaron caught with a bowl in [Leviticus 16:11](../16/11.md). LEV 16 14 an6m 0 sprinkle it with his finger He used his finger to splash the blood. LEV 16 14 l8cz 0 on the front of the atonement lid He put the blood on the top part of the lid. He also put it on the side of the lid that was towards him as he entered the most holy place. -LEV 16 14 c3u7 0 before the atonement lid Possible meanings are (1) “below the atonement lid onto the chest” or (2) “onto the ground in front of the atonement lid.” +LEV 16 14 c3u7 0 before the atonement lid This could mean: (1) “below the atonement lid onto the chest” or (2) “onto the ground in front of the atonement lid.” LEV 16 15 y7sm 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what Aaron must do on the Day of Atonement. LEV 16 15 z5rn 0 He must sprinkle it on the atonement lid and then before the atonement lid Aaron sprinkled the blood in the same manner that he did with the bull’s blood. See how you translated the previous instructions in [Leviticus 16:14](../16/14.md). LEV 16 16 p9s9 0 He must make atonement for the holy place because of the unclean actions of the people of Israel The sins of the people of Israel made the holy place unclean. @@ -885,7 +885,7 @@ LEV 18 9 u8th figs-euphemism 0 Do not uncover the nakedness of This is a euphem LEV 18 9 i3mf 0 whether she is the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother This means a man cannot have sexual intercourse with his sister if they have the same parents or even if she has a different mother or father. LEV 18 9 c7dm figs-activepassive 0 whether she was raised at your home or distant from you This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “whether she grew up at your home or far away from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 18 10 hn2p 0 their nakedness is your own nakedness “you will dishonor both them and yourself” -LEV 18 11 g9ak 0 your father’s wife’s daughter Possible meanings are (1) “your half-sister” or (2) “your stepsister.” Here the man does not have the same father or mother as the woman. They became brother and sister when their parents married. +LEV 18 11 g9ak 0 your father’s wife’s daughter This could mean: (1) “your half-sister” or (2) “your stepsister.” Here the man does not have the same father or mother as the woman. They became brother and sister when their parents married. LEV 18 12 pz5f figs-euphemism 0 Do not uncover the nakedness of This is a euphemism. See how this is translated in [Leviticus 18:7](../18/07.md). Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) LEV 18 14 pwu9 figs-explicit 0 you must not approach his wife You may have to make explicit the purpose of the approach. Alternate translation: “do not go to his wife in order to have sexual intercourse with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LEV 18 15 dj86 figs-euphemism 0 Do not uncover the nakedness of This is a euphemism. See how this is translated in [Leviticus 18:7](../18/07.md). Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) @@ -917,7 +917,7 @@ LEV 19 intro q5dy 0 # Leviticus 19 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in th LEV 19 3 h3qu 0 keep my Sabbaths “observe my Sabbaths” or “respect my day of rest” LEV 19 4 h2g1 figs-metaphor 0 Do not turn to worthless idols Worshiping idols is spoken of as if it were physically turning towards them. Alternate translation: “Do not begin to worship worthless idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 19 5 y6kv 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. -LEV 19 5 us48 figs-explicit 0 you must offer it that you may be accepted This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will accept the person offering the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept you” or (2) Yahweh will accept the sacrifice from the person. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept your sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +LEV 19 5 us48 figs-explicit 0 you must offer it that you may be accepted This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) Yahweh will accept the person offering the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept you” or (2) Yahweh will accept the sacrifice from the person. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept your sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 19 6 l911 figs-activepassive 0 It must be eaten This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must eat it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 19 6 en6s figs-activepassive 0 it must be burned This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must burn it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 19 7 prl2 figs-activepassive 0 If it is eaten at all This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you eat any of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ LEV 19 23 qe8e figs-activepassive 0 you must regard the fruit they produce as f LEV 19 23 q42h figs-activepassive 0 The fruit must be forbidden to you This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have forbidden the fruit to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 19 23 qi36 figs-activepassive 0 It must not be eaten This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must not eat it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 19 29 h86v figs-metonymy 0 the nation will fall to prostitution and the land will become full of wickedness Here the words “nation” and “land” represent the people who live there. Many people practicing prostitution and other wicked deeds is spoken of as if the they have fallen into or become full of those things. Alternate translation: “the people will begin to practice prostitution and many wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -LEV 19 31 r7ep figs-doublet 0 the dead or with spirits Possible meanings are (1) that “the dead” and “spirits” are two different things or (2) that this is a doublet that means “the spirits of dead people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +LEV 19 31 r7ep figs-doublet 0 the dead or with spirits This could mean: (1) that “the dead” and “spirits” are two different things or (2) that this is a doublet that means “the spirits of dead people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) LEV 19 31 d3wn 0 Do not seek them out, or they will defile you “Do not seek those people out. If you do, they will defile you” LEV 19 32 han2 translate-symaction 0 You must rise Standing up in front of someone is a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) LEV 19 32 kg1f 0 the gray-headed person This refers to a person whose hair has turned gray from age, or “an old person.” @@ -987,7 +987,7 @@ LEV 20 15 c3hj figs-activepassive 0 he must surely be put to death This can be LEV 20 16 wb4d figs-euphemism 0 lies with it This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) LEV 20 16 k7m4 figs-parallelism 0 you must kill the woman and the animal. They must certainly be put to death Both clauses mean the same thing. They emphasize that the woman and animal must die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) LEV 20 16 yw4l figs-activepassive 0 They must certainly be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must certainly put them to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -LEV 20 17 x8tw figs-euphemism 0 takes Possible meanings are (1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with” or (2) it simply means “to marry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +LEV 20 17 x8tw figs-euphemism 0 takes This could mean: (1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with” or (2) it simply means “to marry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) LEV 20 17 cv3p figs-explicit 0 a daughter of his father or a daughter of his mother This means a man cannot have sexual intercourse with his sister, even if she has a different mother or father. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “whether it is his full sister or half-sister” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LEV 20 17 d1dr 0 he uncovers her nakedness, and she sees his nakedness “they have sexual relations” LEV 20 17 d2px figs-euphemism 0 has uncovered the nakedness of This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has had sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) @@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ LEV 21 intro l1al 0 # Leviticus 21 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in th LEV 21 1 nwz2 figs-metaphor 0 make himself unclean A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LEV 21 1 gv2c 0 among his people “among the Israelites” LEV 21 3 kba1 0 virgin This can also be translated as “young woman” -LEV 21 5 fy55 0 shave off the corners of their beards It is impossible to be certain what the writer intended here. Possible meanings are (1) shave off certain parts of their beards or (2) cut or shave any part of their beards. +LEV 21 5 fy55 0 shave off the corners of their beards It is impossible to be certain what the writer intended here. This could mean: (1) shave off certain parts of their beards or (2) cut or shave any part of their beards. LEV 21 6 vam1 0 They must be holy “They must be set apart” LEV 21 6 q1bp figs-metonymy 0 not disgrace the name of their God This word “name” is used to represent Yahweh’s character. Alternate translation: “not disgrace God’s reputation” or “not disgrace their God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LEV 21 6 t99p figs-synecdoche 0 the bread of their God Here “bread” represents food in general. Yahweh does not actually eat these offerings. It is the sincerity of those offering the food that pleases God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) @@ -1058,10 +1058,10 @@ LEV 22 7 w1dk figs-metaphor 0 he will then be clean “the priest will then be LEV 22 8 tve2 figs-activepassive 0 found dead or killed by wild animals This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that someone found dead or that a wild animal has killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 22 10 iqy2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what Aaron and his sons must do. LEV 22 12 dg4g figs-abstractnouns 0 the holy contribution offerings The word “contribution” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the holy offerings which people have contributed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -LEV 22 14 rd8r 0 he must repay the priest for it; he must add one-fifth to it Possible meanings are (1) that the person had to replace the food that he had eaten with the same kind of food or (2) that the person had to pay money to the priest for the food that he had eaten. +LEV 22 14 rd8r 0 he must repay the priest for it; he must add one-fifth to it This could mean: (1) that the person had to replace the food that he had eaten with the same kind of food or (2) that the person had to pay money to the priest for the food that he had eaten. LEV 22 14 kg3k translate-fraction 0 one-fifth This is one part out of five equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) LEV 22 15 qr33 translate-symaction 0 that they have raised high and presented The phrase “raised high” refers to a symbolic gesture of respect that represents offering something to Yahweh. It means basically the same thing as “presented.” Alternate translation: “that they have offered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -LEV 22 16 dbv5 figs-metaphor 0 cause themselves to carry the sin that would make them guilty Sin is spoken of as if it were an object that people can carry. Possible meanings are (1) they would be responsible for the sin and so become guilty. Alternate translation: “they would be guilty for the sin that they committed” or (2) the word “sin” is a metonym for punishment for the sin that they committed. Alternate translation: “they would receive the punishment because they are guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +LEV 22 16 dbv5 figs-metaphor 0 cause themselves to carry the sin that would make them guilty Sin is spoken of as if it were an object that people can carry. This could mean: (1) they would be responsible for the sin and so become guilty. Alternate translation: “they would be guilty for the sin that they committed” or (2) the word “sin” is a metonym for punishment for the sin that they committed. Alternate translation: “they would receive the punishment because they are guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LEV 22 18 nkn4 0 an alien “a foreigner” LEV 22 19 fhu4 figs-activepassive 0 if it is to be accepted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if Yahweh is to accept it” or “if I, Yahweh, am to accept it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LEV 22 21 z634 figs-activepassive 0 to be accepted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for me to accept it” or “for Yahweh to accept it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/en_tn_04-NUM.tsv b/en_tn_04-NUM.tsv index dc603e89f8..41742d1a37 100644 --- a/en_tn_04-NUM.tsv +++ b/en_tn_04-NUM.tsv @@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ NUM 5 20 ulh8 figs-idiom 0 have gone astray The words “gone astray” is an i NUM 5 21 p7jm figs-idiom 0 that can bring down a curse on her The phrase “bring down a curse” is an idiom meaning for a curse to come upon her. Alternate translation: “that can cause a curse to come upon her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) NUM 5 21 z7wf figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh will make you into a curse…your people to be such Here the author speaks about the woman bearing the curse that Yahweh gives her, which causes other people to curse her. This is spoken of as if the woman herself becomes a curse. Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh curses you, other people will curse you as well, and Yahweh will show people that you are truly cursed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) NUM 5 21 d46k figs-activepassive 0 that will be shown to your people to be such This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that he will show to your people as a curse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -NUM 5 21 qcf7 0 your thigh to waste away and your abdomen to swell Possible meanings are (1) that the woman will become unable to have children or (2) that the woman’s pregnancy will end too early and the baby will die. +NUM 5 21 qcf7 0 your thigh to waste away and your abdomen to swell This could mean: (1) that the woman will become unable to have children or (2) that the woman’s pregnancy will end too early and the baby will die. NUM 5 21 b27i figs-euphemism 0 your thigh to waste away Here the word “thigh” is a polite way of referring to the woman’s womb or her private parts. Alternate translation: “your womb to be useless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) NUM 5 23 lqe7 0 Connecting Statement: Moses continues to describe what the people are to do if the hypothetical situation he began describing in [Numbers 5:12](../05/12.md) ever happens. NUM 5 23 rp5w 0 he must wash away the written curses This means that he is to wash the ink off of the scroll. @@ -335,11 +335,11 @@ NUM 5 26 tvx7 0 a representative offering The handful of the grain offering re NUM 5 27 jf5e 0 Connecting Statement: Moses continues to describe what the people are to do if the hypothetical situation he began describing in [Numbers 5:12](../05/12.md) ever happens. NUM 5 27 eld4 figs-activepassive 0 if she is defiled because she has committed This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “if she has defined herself by committing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) NUM 5 27 dzq6 figs-explicit 0 committed a sin Here the “sin” refers specifically to committing adultery. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “committed adultery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -NUM 5 27 c4b4 figs-euphemism 0 Her abdomen will swell and her thigh will waste away Possible meanings are (1) that the woman will become unable to have children or (2) that the woman’s pregnancy will end too early and the baby will die. Here the word “thigh” is a polite way of referring to the woman’s womb or her private parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) See how you translated these concepts in [Numbers 5:21](../05/21.md). +NUM 5 27 c4b4 figs-euphemism 0 Her abdomen will swell and her thigh will waste away This could mean: (1) that the woman will become unable to have children or (2) that the woman’s pregnancy will end too early and the baby will die. Here the word “thigh” is a polite way of referring to the woman’s womb or her private parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) See how you translated these concepts in [Numbers 5:21](../05/21.md). NUM 5 27 md3y figs-activepassive 0 The woman will be cursed among her people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Her people will curse her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) NUM 5 28 y738 figs-activepassive 0 is not defiled This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “has not defiled herself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) NUM 5 28 g4sp figs-metaphor 0 if she is clean Here “being innocent” is spoken of as “being clean.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -NUM 5 28 qh3a figs-explicit 0 then she must be free Possible meanings are (1) “then she will not be cursed” or (2) “then she is free from guilt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +NUM 5 28 qh3a figs-explicit 0 then she must be free This could mean: (1) “then she will not be cursed” or (2) “then she is free from guilt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) NUM 5 28 ud3t 0 conceive children “become pregnant” NUM 5 29 r1im 0 Connecting Statement: Moses continues to describe what the people are to do if the hypothetical situation he began describing in [Numbers 5:12](../05/12.md) ever happens. NUM 5 29 l3rj 0 the law of jealousy “the law for dealing with jealousy” @@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ NUM 11 17 dz3z figs-metaphor 0 They will bear the burden of the people with you NUM 11 17 qll3 figs-metaphor 0 You will not have to bear it alone God speaks of the responsibility of leading and providing for the people as if it were a burden that Moses and the leaders would carry. Alternate translation: “You will not care for them alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) NUM 11 18 l15u 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. NUM 11 18 mc86 figs-rquestion 0 Who will give us meat to eat? The Israelites had asked this question in order to complain and to express their desire for something other than manna to eat. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “We wish that we had meat to eat.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -NUM 11 20 mhi2 figs-metaphor 0 until it comes out of your nostrils Possible meanings are (1) God speaks of vomiting as if the food would come out through their nostrils. Alternate translation: “until you are sick and vomit” or (2) they would eat so much meat that it would be as if it would come out of their nostrils. Alternate translation: “until it feels like it would have to come out of your nostrils” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +NUM 11 20 mhi2 figs-metaphor 0 until it comes out of your nostrils This could mean: (1) God speaks of vomiting as if the food would come out through their nostrils. Alternate translation: “until you are sick and vomit” or (2) they would eat so much meat that it would be as if it would come out of their nostrils. Alternate translation: “until it feels like it would have to come out of your nostrils” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) NUM 11 20 r2iy figs-rquestion 0 Why did we leave Egypt? The people had used this question to express regret and to complain. Alternate translation: “We never should have left Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) NUM 11 21 sej6 translate-numbers 0 600,000 people “six hundred thousand people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) NUM 11 22 tbn5 figs-rquestion 0 Should we kill flocks and herds to satisfy them? Should we catch all the fish in the sea to satisfy them? Moses uses these questions to express his doubt that there could be enough meat to feed all of the people. Alternate translation: “We would have to kill entire flocks and herds and catch all the fish in the sea to satisfy them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -837,7 +837,7 @@ NUM 14 9 z1a2 figs-abstractnouns 0 Their protection The abstract noun “protec NUM 14 11 g9t8 figs-rquestion 0 How long must this people despise me? How long must they fail to trust me, despite all the signs…them? Yahweh uses these questions to show that he was angry and had lost patience with the people. They can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “This people has despised me for too long. They have failed to trust me for too long, despite all the signs…them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) NUM 14 12 fg73 0 disinherit them “reject them from being my people.” This may imply that he would destroy them, and some versions translate it that way. NUM 14 12 i52q figs-you 0 make from your own clan Here “your” is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -NUM 14 14 ugy1 figs-metaphor 0 you are seen face to face Possible meanings are (1) Moses speaks of God showing himself to his people as if God had allowed them to actually see his face. Alternate translation: “they have seen you” or (2) Moses speaks of the intimate relationship between him and God as if Moses could see God’s face when God spoke to him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you speak directly to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +NUM 14 14 ugy1 figs-metaphor 0 you are seen face to face This could mean: (1) Moses speaks of God showing himself to his people as if God had allowed them to actually see his face. Alternate translation: “they have seen you” or (2) Moses speaks of the intimate relationship between him and God as if Moses could see God’s face when God spoke to him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you speak directly to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) NUM 14 15 py5f figs-metaphor 0 as one man Killing them all at the same time is spoken of as killing them as one person. Alternate translation: “all at one time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) NUM 14 18 rp6d figs-abstractnouns 0 abundant in covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “always faithful to his covenant” or “always faithfully loves his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) NUM 14 18 gp2r figs-metaphor 0 He will by no means clear the guilty “he will certainly not clear guilty people.” Clearing away people’s sin is a metaphor for refusing to punish them. God would not clear away the sin of guilty people. Alternate translation: “He will always punish the guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -889,10 +889,10 @@ NUM 15 13 p4pt figs-activepassive 0 made by fire This can be stated in active f NUM 15 13 ziu6 figs-metaphor 0 to produce an aroma that is pleasing to Yahweh “to produce a smell that pleases Yahweh.” Yahweh being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offers the sacrifice is spoken of as if Yahweh were pleased with the aroma of the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “to please Yahweh by offering it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) NUM 15 14 l1di figs-activepassive 0 he must make an offering made by fire This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he must burn an offering on the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) NUM 15 14 b1ia figs-metaphor 0 to produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh “to produce a smell that pleases Yahweh.” The Lord being pleased with the sincere worshiper who offers the sacrifice is spoken of as if God were pleased with the aroma of the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “to please Yahweh by offering it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -NUM 15 15 wi5k 0 As you are, so also must be the traveler Possible meanings are (1) “You and the traveler staying with you are alike before Yahweh” or (2) “The same law applies to both you and the traveler” +NUM 15 15 wi5k 0 As you are, so also must be the traveler This could mean: (1) “You and the traveler staying with you are alike before Yahweh” or (2) “The same law applies to both you and the traveler” NUM 15 15 l678 figs-explicit 0 He must act as you act before Yahweh “He must act as you act in Yahweh’s presence.” Because it says that they must act as the Israelites in Yahweh’s presence, it is implied that they must obey all of Yahweh’s commands. Alternate translation: “he must act as you act and obey all of Yahweh’s commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) NUM 15 19 w5ic figs-activepassive 0 the food produced in the land This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the food that the land produces” or “the food that you produce in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -NUM 15 20 yt5q figs-metonymy 0 the first of your dough Possible meanings are that this refers to (1) the first grain that they would gather during the harvest or (2) the dough that they would make from the first of their grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +NUM 15 20 yt5q figs-metonymy 0 the first of your dough This could mean: (1) the first grain that they would gather during the harvest or (2) the dough that they would make from the first of their grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) NUM 15 20 i3c9 0 a loaf Calling it a loaf implies that they would cooked the dough first. NUM 15 20 huf4 figs-idiom 0 to raise it up as a raised offering This idiom “raise it up” refers to offering it as a gift. Alternate translation: “to offer it as a gift” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) NUM 15 20 hum8 0 a raised offering from the threshing floor The offering is spoken of as being from the threshing floor because this is where they would separate the grain from the other parts of the plant. @@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ NUM 15 27 de37 0 a female goat a year old “a 1-year-old female goat” NUM 15 28 xn5j figs-activepassive 0 That person will be forgiven when atonement has been made This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will forgive that person when the priest has made atonement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) NUM 15 30 i7a8 figs-metaphor 0 That person must be cut off from among his people The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “his people must send him away” or (2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “his people must kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) NUM 15 31 jjv8 figs-metonymy 0 has broken my commandment Not obeying a commandment is spoken of as breaking it. Alternate translation: “has disobeyed my commandment” or “has not obeyed what I commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -NUM 15 31 d6w9 figs-metonymy 0 His sin will be on him Here “sin” represents either (1) punishment for that sin or (2) guilt of that sin. Sin being on him is a metaphor for either (1) being punished or (2) being guilty. Alternate translation: (1) “I will punish him because of his sin” or (2) “I will consider him guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +NUM 15 31 d6w9 figs-metonymy 0 His sin will be on him Here, **sin** could mean: (1) punishment for that sin or (2) guilt of that sin. Sin being on him is a metaphor that could mean: (1) being punished or (2) being guilty. Alternate translation: (1) “I will punish him because of his sin” or (2) “I will consider him guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) NUM 15 34 rs36 figs-activepassive 0 it had not been declared what should be done with him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh had not declared what they should do with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) NUM 15 35 hw5x figs-activepassive 0 The man must surely be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must surely put the man to death” or “The man must surely die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) NUM 15 38 k8rm 0 the descendants of Israel “the people of Israel” @@ -1001,7 +1001,7 @@ NUM 18 3 yig6 figs-pronouns 0 or they and also you will die Here “they” ref NUM 18 4 b6pc figs-you 0 They must join you “They” refers to members of the tribe of Levi; the word “you” is singular and refers to Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) NUM 18 4 nn6e figs-you 0 not come near you Here “you” is plural and refers to both Aaron and the rest of the Levites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) NUM 18 5 zaj3 figs-you 0 You must take responsibility Here “you” is plural and refers to both Aaron and the rest of the Levites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -NUM 18 5 lc1d figs-metonymy 0 so that my anger does not come on the people of Israel again Possible meanings are (1) this represents God being extremely angry with his people. Alternate translation: “so that I do not become very angry with the people of Israel again” or (2) this represents God punishing them because of his anger. Alternate translation: “so that I do not punish the people of Israel again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +NUM 18 5 lc1d figs-metonymy 0 so that my anger does not come on the people of Israel again This could mean: (1) this represents God being extremely angry with his people. Alternate translation: “so that I do not become very angry with the people of Israel again” or (2) this represents God punishing them because of his anger. Alternate translation: “so that I do not punish the people of Israel again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) NUM 18 6 ken5 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Aaron. NUM 18 6 y9nk figs-metaphor 0 They are a gift to you Yahweh appointing the Levites to help Aaron is spoken of as if they were a gift that Yahweh were giving to Aaron. Alternate translation: “They are like a gift to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) NUM 18 6 h66d figs-metonymy 0 given to me Here “given” to God represents being set apart to serve God. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which I have set apart for myself” or “and I have set them apart for myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ NUM 22 38 y1j1 figs-rquestion 0 Do I now have any power to say anything? Balaam NUM 22 38 re6i figs-metaphor 0 the words that God puts into my mouth The message is spoken of as if it is something that God put into his mouth. Alternate translation: “the message that God wants me to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) NUM 22 39 lt48 translate-names 0 Kiriath Huzoth This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NUM 22 40 e9l3 0 some meat “some of the meat from the sacrifices” -NUM 22 41 sx5n 0 the high place of Baal Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the same place as Bamoth in [Numbers 21:19](../21/19.md). The word Bamoth means “the high place,” or (2) this is another high place where people sacrificed to Baal. +NUM 22 41 sx5n 0 the high place of Baal This could mean: (1) this refers to the same place as Bamoth in [Numbers 21:19](../21/19.md). The word Bamoth means “the high place,” or (2) this is another high place where people sacrificed to Baal. NUM 23 intro kt51 0 # Numbers 23 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>The story of Balaam continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 23:7-10, 18-24.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Cursing God’s people<br><br>God does not allow others to curse his people. Balaam blessed Israel twice when he was supposed to curse them. This may be taken as humor or an ironic situation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) NUM 23 1 js8j 0 Balak This is the king of Moab. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md). NUM 23 1 yr7z 0 prepare seven bulls and seven rams “kill seven bulls and seven rams as a sacrifice” @@ -1275,7 +1275,7 @@ NUM 23 18 kka5 figs-parallelism 0 Balak, and hear…Listen to me, you son of Zi NUM 23 18 d6y8 0 Balak…son of Zippor See how you translated these names in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md). NUM 23 19 q4wm figs-parallelism 0 Has he promised anything without doing it? Has he said he would do something without carrying it out? Both of these questions mean the same thing and emphasize that God does what he says he will. These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “He has never promised a thing without fulfilling what he promised. He has always done exactly what he said he would do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) NUM 23 20 tga7 figs-activepassive 0 I have been commanded to bless This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has commanded me to bless the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -NUM 23 21 w1xp figs-parallelism 0 hardship in Jacob…trouble in Israel These two phrases mean the same thing. Possible meanings are (1) God has given Israel only good things or (2) there is no sin in Israel that would cause him to judge them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +NUM 23 21 w1xp figs-parallelism 0 hardship in Jacob…trouble in Israel These two phrases mean the same thing. This could mean: (1) God has given Israel only good things or (2) there is no sin in Israel that would cause him to judge them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) NUM 23 21 i4xz 0 shouts for their king are among them “they shout with joy because Yahweh is their king” NUM 23 22 bnk6 figs-simile 0 with strength like that of a wild ox This simile says that Yahweh’s great strength is equal to an ox. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) NUM 23 23 q3q1 figs-parallelism 0 There is no sorcery that works against Jacob…no fortune-telling harms Israel These two lines mean the same thing, that no curse that anyone puts on the nation of Israel will be effective. Here “Jacob” is a metonym that refers to Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1331,7 +1331,7 @@ NUM 24 17 zg5v writing-symlanguage 0 A star will come out of Jacob Here “star NUM 24 17 dbs9 figs-metonymy 0 out of Jacob Here “Jacob” refers to the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “from among the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) NUM 24 17 ev9h figs-parallelism 0 a scepter will rise out of Israel This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Here “scepter” refers to a powerful king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) NUM 24 17 m5w5 figs-metonymy 0 out of Israel Here “Israel” refers to future Israelites. Alternate translation: “from among the Israelites in the future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -NUM 24 17 evy3 0 shatter Moab’s leaders Possible meanings are (1) he will break the heads of the leaders of Moab or (2) he will destroy the leaders of Moab. +NUM 24 17 evy3 0 shatter Moab’s leaders This could mean: (1) he will break the heads of the leaders of Moab or (2) he will destroy the leaders of Moab. NUM 24 17 r3pg 0 all the descendants of Seth This also refers to the Moabites, who were descendants of Seth. NUM 24 18 l7jt 0 General Information: Balaam finishes the first of his four prophecies. NUM 24 18 nu8t figs-activepassive 0 Edom will become a possession of Israel This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Israelites will occupy Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -1476,7 +1476,7 @@ NUM 27 14 uty1 figs-explicit 0 when the water flowed from the rock, in your ang NUM 27 14 xyy8 0 you failed to honor me as holy “you did not treat me as holy” NUM 27 14 a4ny figs-synecdoche 0 before the eyes of the whole community Here the people of the people are represented by their “eyes” to emphasize what they saw. Alternate translation: “in front of the whole community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) NUM 27 14 u1wv 0 waters of Meribah See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 20:13](../20/13.md). -NUM 27 16 z8x6 figs-synecdoche 0 the God of the spirits of all humanity Possible meaning are (1) here “spirits” refers to all people.” Alternate translation: “the God over all of humanity” or (2) the reference to “spirits” refers to God having given life and breath to all people. Alternate translation: “the God who gives breath to all people” or “the God who give life to all humanity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +NUM 27 16 z8x6 figs-synecdoche 0 the God of the spirits of all humanity This could mean: (1) here “spirits” refers to all people.” Alternate translation: “the God over all of humanity” or (2) the reference to “spirits” refers to God having given life and breath to all people. Alternate translation: “the God who gives breath to all people” or “the God who give life to all humanity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) NUM 27 16 zz8p figs-idiom 0 a man over the community To be “over” a group of people means to have authority to lead them. Alternate translation: “a man to lead the community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) NUM 27 17 s1me figs-idiom 0 a man who may go out and come in before them and lead them out and bring them in This is an idiom that means a person who will lead all the people and also lead the army into battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) NUM 27 17 t27b figs-simile 0 so that your community is not like sheep that have no shepherd This is a simile that means without a leader the people will wander and be helpless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) @@ -1681,7 +1681,7 @@ NUM 31 10 xji1 0 They burned all their cities where they lived and all their c NUM 31 11 yll7 0 They took “The army of Israel took” NUM 31 11 ghi1 0 plunder This refers to the material goods they recovered from killing the Midianite men. NUM 31 12 zi9f 0 plains a large area of flat land -NUM 31 14 r7xx translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and the captains of hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the captains of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the captains of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +NUM 31 14 r7xx translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and the captains of hundreds This could mean: (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the captains of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the captains of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) NUM 31 15 q7z6 figs-rquestion 0 Have you let all the women live? The law was explicit on who would be permitted to live. The army violated the law by allowing all the women and children to live. This was a rebuke to the army leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) NUM 31 16 zwr2 figs-idiom 0 Look This word is used here to draw the audience’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) NUM 31 17 x8nq figs-euphemism 0 has known a man by lying with him “has had sexual relations with a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) @@ -1730,7 +1730,7 @@ NUM 31 44 iiy9 translate-numbers 0 thirty-six thousand oxen 36,000 oxen (See: [ NUM 31 46 ad6b translate-numbers 0 sixteen thousand women “16,000 women.” It has been stated earlier that all the males and the married women captives were put to death (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) NUM 31 47 kg6l translate-numbers 0 General Information: Moses is listing the plunder that goes to the people and the tax that goes to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) NUM 31 47 kg6m translate-numbers 0 General Information: The tax on the people’s portion was higher than the tax on the soldiers’ portion. -NUM 31 48 vf7u translate-numbers 0 the commanders over thousands and the captains over hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. Alternate translation: “the commanders over 1,000 soldiers and the captains over 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders over large military divisions and the captains over smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 31:14](../31/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +NUM 31 48 vf7u translate-numbers 0 the commanders over thousands and the captains over hundreds This could mean: (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. Alternate translation: “the commanders over 1,000 soldiers and the captains over 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders over large military divisions and the captains over smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 31:14](../31/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) NUM 31 49 f2pw 0 Your servants have counted The commanders refer to themselves as “your servants.” This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority. NUM 31 49 v7td figs-litotes 0 not one man is missing This can be stated in a positive statement. “we know for certain that every man is here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) NUM 31 50 xin3 0 General Information: The officers of the army continue speaking to Moses. @@ -1738,7 +1738,7 @@ NUM 31 50 a59f 0 armlets and bracelets, signet rings, earrings, and necklaces NUM 31 50 zw94 0 to make atonement for ourselves before Yahweh “to thank God for saving our lives” NUM 31 51 q5dj 0 the gold and all the articles of craftsmanship “all the articles of gold” or “all the golden jewelry” NUM 31 52 grf3 0 All the gold of the offering that they gave to Yahweh—the offerings from the commanders of thousands and from the captains of hundreds—weighed “All the gold of the offering that the commanders of thousands and the captains of hundreds gave to Yahweh weighed” -NUM 31 52 qri3 translate-numbers 0 from the commanders of thousands and from the captains of hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. Alternate translation: “from the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and from the captains of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “from the commanders of large military divisions and from the captains of smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 31:14](../31/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +NUM 31 52 qri3 translate-numbers 0 from the commanders of thousands and from the captains of hundreds This could mean: (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders and captains led. Alternate translation: “from the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and from the captains of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “from the commanders of large military divisions and from the captains of smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Numbers 31:14](../31/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) NUM 31 52 b57h translate-numbers 0 16750 “sixteen thousand, seven hundred and fifty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) NUM 31 52 gj47 translate-bmoney 0 shekels A shekel is 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) NUM 31 54 r1uq 0 as a reminder of the people of Israel for Yahweh The gold will remind the people that Yahweh gave them victory. It will also remind Yahweh that the people fulfilled his revenge on the Midianites. @@ -1780,7 +1780,7 @@ NUM 32 20 sb1z figs-idiom 0 before Yahweh This means Yahweh will go with them t NUM 32 21 w22a figs-metaphor 0 until he has driven out his enemies from before him “until Yahweh has driven out his enemies from his presence.” The pronouns here all refer to Yahweh. Yahweh enabling the Israelites to defeat their enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh were fighting their battles. Alternate translation: “until Yahweh has enabled your soldiers to defeat the enemy and force them away from his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) NUM 32 22 he19 figs-metonymy 0 the land is subdued before him Here the word “land” refers to the people who live there. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “in his presence the Israelites have subdued the people who live in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) NUM 32 22 i7x4 figs-explicit 0 you may return It is implied that they will return to the east side of the Jordan. Alternate translation: “you may return to this land on the east side of the Jordan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -NUM 32 22 rj5v 0 You will be guiltless toward Yahweh and toward Israel Possible meanings are (1) “You will have fulfilled your obligation to Yahweh and to Israel” or (2) “There will be nothing for which Yahweh or the people of Israel can blame you.” +NUM 32 22 rj5v 0 You will be guiltless toward Yahweh and toward Israel This could mean: (1) “You will have fulfilled your obligation to Yahweh and to Israel” or (2) “There will be nothing for which Yahweh or the people of Israel can blame you.” NUM 32 23 g2nz figs-personification 0 Be sure that your sin will find you out Moses speaks of sin as if it were a person who will condemn the guilty person. This means that the people cannot escape the punishment that their sin deserves. Alternate translation: “Know for sure that Yahweh will punish you for your sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) NUM 32 25 ygw2 0 Your servants The people of Gad and Reuben refer to themselves as “your servants.” This is a polite way of speaking to someone with greater authority. NUM 32 27 j571 figs-explicit 0 will cross over You can make it clear that they will cross over the Jordan. Alternate translation: “will cross over the Jordan River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/en_tn_05-DEU.tsv b/en_tn_05-DEU.tsv index 8bfec0a31d..5f45fea66e 100644 --- a/en_tn_05-DEU.tsv +++ b/en_tn_05-DEU.tsv @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ DEU 1 45 yrs7 0 returned and wept “returned to Kadesh and wept” DEU 2 intro ji46 0 # Deuteronomy 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Covenant faithfulness<br>Yahweh is faithful to the covenant he made with Abraham. He is also faithful to the promises he made with Esau and Lot. Because of this, Israel was given specific land it was able to conquer in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) DEU 2 1 ys5a 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did. DEU 2 1 b9af 0 Then we turned and took our journey “Then we turned around and went” -DEU 2 1 yf1v 0 we went around Mount Seir for many days Possible meanings are (1) the Israelites traveled around the mountain called Seir for a very long time or (2) the Israelites wandered in a region called Mount Seir for a very long time. +DEU 2 1 yf1v 0 we went around Mount Seir for many days This could mean: (1) the Israelites traveled around the mountain called Seir for a very long time or (2) the Israelites wandered in a region called Mount Seir for a very long time. DEU 2 1 r626 translate-names 0 Mount Seir This is a mountainous area south of the Dead Sea. The area is also called “Edom.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:2](../01/02.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) DEU 2 1 lng2 0 many days Some languages translate this as “many nights.” DEU 2 4 t4vc 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. @@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ DEU 3 11 nd7p 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of DEU 3 11 ju5n writing-background 0 For of the remnant…the way people measure This is background information about King Og. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) DEU 3 11 mdg3 0 Rephaim See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:11](../02/11.md). DEU 3 11 i4qm 0 Look! “Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you.” -DEU 3 11 ev4b figs-rquestion 0 Was it not in Rabbah,…live? The writer uses a question to remind the people of Israel that they could go to Rabbah and see how large Og must have been. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Possible meanings are (1) “It was in Rabbah,…live.” or (2) “It is in Rabbah…live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +DEU 3 11 ev4b figs-rquestion 0 Was it not in Rabbah,…live? The writer uses a question to remind the people of Israel that they could go to Rabbah and see how large Og must have been. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. This could mean: (1) “It was in Rabbah,…live.” or (2) “It is in Rabbah…live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 3 11 b98u translate-bdistance 0 cubits A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) DEU 3 11 z43d 0 the way people measure “according to the cubit most people use” DEU 3 12 ac8k 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of what happened in the past. @@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ DEU 4 25 sw65 0 you beget…Yahweh your God The words “you” and “your” DEU 4 25 txa1 0 beget become the father of, or become the ancestor of DEU 4 25 r6pb 0 if you corrupt yourselves “if you do what is wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md). DEU 4 25 v824 figs-idiom 0 do what is evil in the sight of Yahweh your God, to provoke him to anger This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you make Yahweh your God angry by doing what he says is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -DEU 4 26 lbi9 figs-metonymy 0 I call heaven and earth to witness Possible meanings are (1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or (2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +DEU 4 26 lbi9 figs-metonymy 0 I call heaven and earth to witness This could mean: (1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or (2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DEU 4 26 tz2p figs-metaphor 0 you will not prolong your days Long days are a metaphor for a long life. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 4 26 eme2 figs-hyperbole 0 but you will be completely destroyed As indicated in 4:27, not every Israelite will be killed. Here “completely destroy” is a generalization and emphasizes that many of the Israelites will die. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but Yahweh will destroy many of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 4 27 yy63 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. @@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ DEU 5 intro xsp1 0 # Deuteronomy 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatt DEU 5 1 d5qb 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. DEU 5 1 vj47 figs-hyperbole 0 called to all Israel Here “all” is a generalization. Moses wanted everyone in Israel to hear and obey his words, but his voice was probably not so loud that everyone actually heard him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) DEU 5 1 rwb1 figs-synecdoche 0 that I will speak in your ears today Here “ears” refers to the whole person. This metaphor emphasizes that the people know what Moses has said to them, so they cannot sin and then say they did not know they were sinning. Alternate translation: “that I will speak to you today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -DEU 5 3 hf3s 0 Yahweh did not make this covenant with our ancestors Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh did not only make a covenant with those who were at Horeb; the covenant was also with the later generations of Israelites or (2) Yahweh did not make this covenant with their distant ancestors, such as, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; instead, this covenant began with the Israelites at Horeb. +DEU 5 3 hf3s 0 Yahweh did not make this covenant with our ancestors This could mean: (1) Yahweh did not only make a covenant with those who were at Horeb; the covenant was also with the later generations of Israelites or (2) Yahweh did not make this covenant with their distant ancestors, such as, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; instead, this covenant began with the Israelites at Horeb. DEU 5 4 ijj6 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. DEU 5 4 h6t4 figs-idiom 0 face to face Use your language’s idiom for two people who are close to each other and looking at each other when they are speaking to each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 5 4 n291 0 on the mount “on the mountain” @@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ DEU 7 19 a3ur figs-synecdoche 0 that your eyes saw Here “eyes” represent th DEU 7 19 ph4a figs-metaphor 0 the mighty hand, and the outstretched arm Here “a mighty hand” and “an outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahweh’s power. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “and the mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 7 20 xr3w figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 7 20 pwt4 0 Moreover, Yahweh “And also, Yahweh” -DEU 7 20 sji2 0 send the hornet Possible meanings are (1) God will send actual flying insects that sting people and cause pain, or (2) God will cause the people to become terrified and want to run away. +DEU 7 20 sji2 0 send the hornet This could mean: (1) God will send actual flying insects that sting people and cause pain, or (2) God will cause the people to become terrified and want to run away. DEU 7 20 w9sm figs-idiom 0 perish from your presence This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “die so you do not see them anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 7 21 at6h 0 You will not “Never” DEU 7 21 v7bu 0 a great and fearsome God “a great and awesome God” or “a great God who causes the people to fear” @@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ DEU 8 17 sd9i figs-metonymy 0 but you may say in your heart This is the third t DEU 8 17 g2bf figs-metonymy 0 My power and the might of my hand acquired all this wealth Here “hand” refers to a man’s power or ability. Alternate translation: “I got this wealth because I am so strong and powerful” or “I have acquired all these things by my own power and ability” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 8 18 ftx1 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 8 18 nl2a figs-idiom 0 But you will call to mind This idiom is a command. Alternate translation: “But remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -DEU 8 18 g9fc 0 that he may establish Possible meanings are (1) “in this way he establishes” or (2) “in this way he is faithful to establish.” +DEU 8 18 g9fc 0 that he may establish This could mean: (1) “in this way he establishes” or (2) “in this way he is faithful to establish.” DEU 8 18 i5v9 0 that he may “so he can” DEU 8 18 axw6 0 establish cause to stand or to remain DEU 8 18 in9j 0 as it is today “as he is doing now” or “as he is establishing his covenant now” @@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ DEU 10 20 m1qe 0 him will you worship “he is the one you must worship” DEU 10 20 zn42 figs-metaphor 0 To him you must cling To have a good relationship with Yahweh and to completely rely on him is spoken of as if the person were clinging to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “You must rely on him” or “He is the one you must rely on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 10 20 t17w figs-metonymy 0 by his name will you swear To swear by the name of Yahweh means to make Yahweh the basis or the power on which the oath is made. Here “name” represents Yahweh himself. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 6:13](../06/13.md). Alternate translation: “you will swear and ask Yahweh to confirm it” or “when you swear you will speak his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 10 21 d1ih figs-synecdoche 0 which your eyes have seen Here “eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “which you yourselves have seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -DEU 10 21 ltw9 0 He is your praise Possible meanings are (1) “He is the one you must praise” or (2) “It is because you worship him that other peoples will praise you” +DEU 10 21 ltw9 0 He is your praise This could mean: (1) “He is the one you must praise” or (2) “It is because you worship him that other peoples will praise you” DEU 10 22 es8i figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they are one man, so “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 10 22 p41a 0 went down into Egypt “traveled south to Egypt” or “went to Egypt” DEU 10 22 ap9n translate-numbers 0 seventy persons “70 persons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) @@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ DEU 11 8 b5ga 0 possess the land “take the land” DEU 11 8 z7fm 0 where you are going over to possess it The phrase “are going over” is used because the people of Israel will have to cross the Jordan River to enter into Canaan. DEU 11 9 h376 figs-metaphor 0 prolong your days Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 11 9 gfv3 figs-idiom 0 a land flowing with milk and honey This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -DEU 11 10 nbu8 figs-metonymy 0 watered it with your foot Possible meanings are (1) “foot” is a metonym that represents the hard work of walking to carry water to the fields. Alternate translation: “worked hard to water it” or (2) they would use their feet to turn a water wheel that supplied water to the fields. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +DEU 11 10 nbu8 figs-metonymy 0 watered it with your foot This could mean: (1) “foot” is a metonym that represents the hard work of walking to carry water to the fields. Alternate translation: “worked hard to water it” or (2) they would use their feet to turn a water wheel that supplied water to the fields. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 11 10 kfl7 0 garden of herbs “vegetable garden” or “garden of vegetables” DEU 11 11 wn5t figs-personification 0 drinks water of the rain of the heavens The land receiving and absorbing a lot of rain is spoken of as if the land were drinking the water. Alternate translation: “the rain from the sky gives it plenty of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) DEU 11 12 a1x8 figs-metonymy 0 the eyes of Yahweh your God are always upon it Here “eyes” represents attention and care. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God is always watching over it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1190,7 +1190,7 @@ DEU 17 15 q7px figs-doublet 0 a foreigner, who is not your brother, over yourse DEU 17 16 pr1w figs-quotesinquotes 0 for Yahweh had said to you, ‘You will never return that way again.’ This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh had said that you must never return to Egypt again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) DEU 17 17 zj8g figs-synecdoche 0 so that his heart does not turn away Here “heart” refers to the whole person. An Israelite king who marries foreign wives and starts to worship their false gods is spoken of as if his heart were to turn away from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “so that they do not cause him to stop honoring Yahweh and start worshiping false gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 17 18 tt3z figs-metonymy 0 When he sits on the throne of his kingdom Here “throne” represents the person’s power and authority as king. To sit on the throne means to become king. Alternate translation: “When he becomes king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -DEU 17 18 h6x6 0 he must write for himself in a scroll a copy of this law Possible meanings are (1) “he must personally write in a scroll a copy of this law for himself” or (2) “he must appoint someone to write in a scroll a copy of this law for him” +DEU 17 18 h6x6 0 he must write for himself in a scroll a copy of this law This could mean: (1) “he must personally write in a scroll a copy of this law for himself” or (2) “he must appoint someone to write in a scroll a copy of this law for him” DEU 17 18 xh2p 0 from the law that is before the priests, who are Levites “from the copy of the law that the Levitical priests keep” DEU 17 19 f877 figs-parallelism 0 so as to keep all the words of this law and these statutes, to observe them These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the king must obey all of God’s law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 17 20 b7e5 figs-synecdoche 0 so that his heart is not lifted up above his brothers Here “his heart” refers to the whole person. A king becoming arrogant is spoken of as if his heart were lifted up. Alternate translation: “so that he does not become arrogant” or “so that he does not think he is better than his fellow Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1415,7 +1415,7 @@ DEU 21 14 ft5h figs-explicit 0 But if you take no delight in her You may need t DEU 21 14 m4xj 0 let her go where she wishes “let her go wherever she wants to go” DEU 21 14 p6ul 0 because you have humiliated her “because you shamed her by sleeping with her and then sending her away” DEU 21 15 s91j 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. -DEU 21 15 v2gp figs-activepassive 0 one is loved and the other is hated This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are (1) “the man loves one of his wives and he hates the other wife” or (2) “the man loves one wife more than he loves the other wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +DEU 21 15 v2gp figs-activepassive 0 one is loved and the other is hated This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: This could mean: (1) “the man loves one of his wives and he hates the other wife” or (2) “the man loves one wife more than he loves the other wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 21 15 jg5e figs-activepassive 0 if the firstborn son is of her that is hated This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if the firstborn son belongs to the wife whom the man hates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 21 16 f8q7 0 then on the day that the man “when the man” DEU 21 16 ym4g 0 the man causes his sons to inherit what he possesses “the man gives his possessions to his sons as an inheritance” @@ -1438,9 +1438,9 @@ DEU 21 21 dpr6 figs-explicit 0 will hear of it and fear The full meaning of thi DEU 21 22 bv2t figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 21 22 nh6m 0 If a man has committed a sin worthy of death “If a man has done something so bad that you need to punish him by killing him” DEU 21 22 h9vx figs-activepassive 0 he is put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you execute him” or “you kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -DEU 21 22 hfw9 0 you hang him on a tree Possible meanings are (1) “after he has died you hang him on a tree” or (2) “you kill him by hanging him on a wooden post” +DEU 21 22 hfw9 0 you hang him on a tree This could mean: (1) “after he has died you hang him on a tree” or (2) “you kill him by hanging him on a wooden post” DEU 21 23 y9lb 0 bury him the same day “bury him on the same day as when you execute him” -DEU 21 23 ztq8 figs-activepassive 0 for whoever is hanged is cursed by God This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “because God curses everyone whom people hang on trees” and (2) “people hang on trees those whom God has cursed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +DEU 21 23 ztq8 figs-activepassive 0 for whoever is hanged is cursed by God This can be stated in active form. This could mean: (1) “because God curses everyone whom people hang on trees” and (2) “people hang on trees those whom God has cursed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 21 23 i54a 0 do not defile the land by leaving something God has cursed hanging in the tree DEU 22 intro hk1i 0 # Deuteronomy 22 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Order in Israel<br>The instructions in this chapter help to maintain order in this chapter. The people are to have integrity. The people’s sin will result in serious punishment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Virgin woman<br>If a woman was not a virgin, she was not considered to be worth marrying. The man who slept with her was responsible for providing for her since she will not be able to find a husband to provide for her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 22 1 b8pa figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) @@ -1529,7 +1529,7 @@ DEU 22 30 hh8b figs-explicit 0 must not take his father’s wife as his own The DEU 23 intro rn7c 0 # Deuteronomy 23 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The assembly of Yahweh<br>This was probably the corporate worship of Yahweh, when the people would come together to worship him.<br><br>### Racial superiority<br>Yahweh viewed Israel as superior to the other nations of Canaan. In many cultures, this may be seen as immoral. It must be remembered that the instructions of this chapter are very remote from the modern world. These people groups were always sinful and idolatrous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) DEU 23 1 r8v9 0 man injured by crushing or cutting off “man whose private body parts someone has crushed or cut off” DEU 23 1 z8kb figs-idiom 0 may enter the assembly of Yahweh This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “may be a full member of the Israelite community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -DEU 23 2 j67e 0 illegitimate child Possible meanings are (1) a child born to parents who committed incest or adultery or (2) a child born to a prostitute. +DEU 23 2 j67e 0 illegitimate child This could mean: (1) a child born to parents who committed incest or adultery or (2) a child born to a prostitute. DEU 23 2 eh16 translate-ordinal 0 as far as to the tenth generation of his descendants This “tenth” is the ordinal number for ten. Alternate translation: “even after ten generations of the illegitimate child’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) DEU 23 2 i3u2 0 none of them “none of these descendants” DEU 23 3 zk3j figs-idiom 0 may not belong to the assembly of Yahweh This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “may not be a full member of the Israelite community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -1539,7 +1539,7 @@ DEU 23 4 l814 figs-you 0 against you…curse you Moses speaks to the Israelites DEU 23 5 nd5k figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 23 5 zpa9 figs-idiom 0 would not listen This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “did not pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 23 5 ag3p 0 turned the curse into a blessing for you “had him bless you and not curse you” -DEU 23 6 nk42 0 You must never seek their peace or prosperity Possible meanings are (1) “You should never make a peace treaty with the Ammonites and the Moabites” or (2) “You must not do anything to cause things to go well for those 2 people groups to enable them to prosper” . +DEU 23 6 nk42 0 You must never seek their peace or prosperity This could mean: (1) “You should never make a peace treaty with the Ammonites and the Moabites” or (2) “You must not do anything to cause things to go well for those 2 people groups to enable them to prosper” . DEU 23 6 nxp6 figs-idiom 0 during all your days This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “as long as you are a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) DEU 23 7 erl6 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 23 7 pb1s 0 You must not detest an Edomite “Do not hate an Edomite” @@ -1758,7 +1758,7 @@ DEU 26 17 v3dx figs-parallelism 0 that you will walk in his ways and keep his s DEU 26 18 c7hk figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 26 18 wri1 0 a people who are his own possession “a people who belong to him” DEU 26 19 q8jb figs-idiom 0 he will set you high above This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he will make you more important than” or “he will make you greater than” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -DEU 26 19 p58x 0 he will set you high above all the other nations that he has made, and you will receive praise, fame, and honor Possible meanings are (1) “he will cause you to become greater than any other nation that he has established, and he will enable you to praise him and honor him” or (2) “he will have people praise you more than they praise every other nation that he has made; people will say that you are better than any other nation, and they will honor you.” +DEU 26 19 p58x 0 he will set you high above all the other nations that he has made, and you will receive praise, fame, and honor This could mean: (1) “he will cause you to become greater than any other nation that he has established, and he will enable you to praise him and honor him” or (2) “he will have people praise you more than they praise every other nation that he has made; people will say that you are better than any other nation, and they will honor you.” DEU 26 19 lg4i figs-metaphor 0 You will be a people that is set apart to Yahweh your God Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will set you apart from other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 27 intro uy69 0 # Deuteronomy 27 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “May the man be cursed”<br>This phrase is repeated several times in this chapter. This parallelism serves as a warning to the Israelites when they will live in the Promised Land. This is part of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) DEU 27 1 mu7e figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted, the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) @@ -2054,7 +2054,7 @@ DEU 30 17 a2vl figs-synecdoche 0 if your heart turns away…but instead are dra DEU 30 18 sr3z figs-you 0 to you today that you…you will not prolong your days Moses speaks to the Israelites as a group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 30 18 ee9y figs-metaphor 0 prolong your days Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 30 19 t3ji figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -DEU 30 19 gap6 figs-metonymy 0 I call heaven and earth to witness Possible meanings are (1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says, or (2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +DEU 30 19 gap6 figs-metonymy 0 I call heaven and earth to witness This could mean: (1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says, or (2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) DEU 30 19 qj9t 0 to witness against you “to be willing to say that you have done evil things” DEU 30 19 wxe8 figs-you 0 against you today Moses speaks to the Israelites as a group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 30 20 k5mz figs-metonymy 0 obey his voice Here “voice” refers to what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -2116,17 +2116,17 @@ DEU 31 27 dc8v figs-you 0 your rebellion and your stiff neck Moses speaks to th DEU 31 27 e3am 0 your stiff neck See how you translated “stubborn” in [Deuteronomy 9:6](../09/06.md). DEU 31 27 yin7 figs-rquestion 0 how much more after my death? This rhetorical question emphasizes how rebellious the people were. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will be even more rebellious after I die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) DEU 31 28 ge9z figs-synecdoche 0 so that I may speak these words in their ears Here “in their ears” means the people themselves. Alternate translation: “so that I may speak the words of this song to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -DEU 31 28 rbf8 figs-metonymy 0 call heaven and earth to witness against them Possible meanings are (1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or (2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. A similar phrase appears in [Deuteronomy 30:19](../30/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +DEU 31 28 rbf8 figs-metonymy 0 call heaven and earth to witness against them This could mean: (1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or (2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. A similar phrase appears in [Deuteronomy 30:19](../30/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) DEU 31 29 h4je 0 you will utterly corrupt yourselves “you will do what is completely wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md). DEU 31 29 w6b1 0 turn aside out of the path that I have commanded you “stop following the instructions I have given to you.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 9:12](../09/12.md). DEU 31 29 yvi1 figs-metaphor 0 what is evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what is evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 31 29 i596 figs-synecdoche 0 through the work of your hands Here “your hands” means the people themselves. Alternate translation: “because of what you have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DEU 31 30 upf2 figs-synecdoche 0 Moses recited in the ears of all the assembly of Israel Here “ears” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “Moses recited to all the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -DEU 31 30 ilp6 0 recited Possible meanings are (1) “sang” or (2) “spoke.” +DEU 31 30 ilp6 0 recited This could mean: (1) “sang” or (2) “spoke.” DEU 31 30 wx6q figs-ellipsis 0 the words of this song You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “the words of the song that Yahweh taught him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) DEU 32 intro pup6 0 # Deuteronomy 32 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 32:1-43.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Punishment<br>This chapter prophesies a time when Israel will be disobedient to Yahweh and he will have to punish them. This is meant to serve as a warning to the nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) DEU 32 1 bfi8 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -DEU 32 1 hf89 figs-apostrophe 0 Give ear, you heavens…Let the earth listen Yahweh speaks to the heavens and earth as if they are there listening. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh is speaking to the inhabitants of heaven and earth or (2) Yahweh is speaking to the heavens and earth as if they are persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +DEU 32 1 hf89 figs-apostrophe 0 Give ear, you heavens…Let the earth listen Yahweh speaks to the heavens and earth as if they are there listening. This could mean: (1) Yahweh is speaking to the inhabitants of heaven and earth or (2) Yahweh is speaking to the heavens and earth as if they are persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) DEU 32 2 zk7l figs-simile 0 Let my teaching drop down like the rain…and like the showers on the plants This means Yahweh wants the people to eagerly accept his helpful teaching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) DEU 32 2 x67x 0 distill Use the word in your language for the process by which dew appears. DEU 32 2 s3mw 0 dew water that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings @@ -2261,12 +2261,12 @@ DEU 32 42 ml4t 0 from the heads of the leaders of the enemy A possible meaning DEU 32 43 mm3z figs-parallelism 0 General Information: This is the end of Moses’ song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 32 43 hzi1 figs-metonymy 0 Rejoice, you nations Moses addresses the peoples of all the nations as if they were there listening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) DEU 32 43 h5mv figs-metonymy 0 for he will avenge the blood of his servants; he will render vengeance on his enemies Here “blood of his servants” represents the lives of his innocent servants who were killed. Alternate translation: “for he will take revenge on his enemies, who killed his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -DEU 32 44 q6l6 0 recited Possible meanings are (1) “spoke” or (2) “sang.” +DEU 32 44 q6l6 0 recited This could mean: (1) “spoke” or (2) “sang.” DEU 32 44 zdk4 figs-synecdoche 0 in the ears of the people Here “ears” represents the people themselves and emphasizes that Moses wanted to make sure they heard the song clearly. Alternate translation: “to the people so they would be sure to hear it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -DEU 32 45 a69v 0 reciting Possible meanings are (1) “speaking” or (2) “singing.” +DEU 32 45 a69v 0 reciting This could mean: (1) “speaking” or (2) “singing.” DEU 32 46 llt8 0 He said to them “Moses said to the people of Israel” DEU 32 46 sqq3 figs-idiom 0 Fix your mind on This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to” or “Think about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -DEU 32 46 iw4n 0 I have witnessed to you Possible meanings are (1) “I have testified to you,” referring to what Yahweh has said he will do to the Israelites if they disobey, or (2) “I have commanded you,” referring to what Yahweh was commanding them to do. +DEU 32 46 iw4n 0 I have witnessed to you This could mean: (1) “I have testified to you,” referring to what Yahweh has said he will do to the Israelites if they disobey, or (2) “I have commanded you,” referring to what Yahweh was commanding them to do. DEU 32 46 a9uh 0 your children “your children and descendants” DEU 32 47 v8tt 0 this is “this law is” DEU 32 47 wd7v figs-litotes 0 no trivial matter This litotes can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “something very important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) @@ -2286,7 +2286,7 @@ DEU 33 1 p6db figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses begins to bless the DEU 33 2 b26n figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh came from Sinai and rose from Seir upon them. He shined out from Mount Paran Moses compares Yahweh to the rising sun. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh came from Sinai, he looked to them like the sun when it rises from Seir and shines out from Mount Paran” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 33 2 d9h2 0 upon them “upon the people of Israel” DEU 33 2 d89e translate-numbers 0 ten thousands of holy ones “10,000 angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -DEU 33 2 v2fc 0 In his right hand were flashes of lightning Other possible meanings are (1) “In his right hand were flames of fire” or (2) “He gave them a law of fire” or (3) “He came from the south, down his mountain slopes.” +DEU 33 2 v2fc 0 In his right hand were flashes of lightning Other This could mean: (1) “In his right hand were flames of fire” or (2) “He gave them a law of fire” or (3) “He came from the south, down his mountain slopes.” DEU 33 3 dj5y figs-parallelism 0 General Information: These verses are difficult to understand. Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). Moses speaks the blessing in the form of short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 3 pjq4 0 the peoples “the people of Israel” DEU 33 3 uuu1 figs-pronouns 0 all his holy ones are in your hand…your feet…your words The pronouns “his” and “your” refer to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “all Yahweh’s holy ones are in his hand…his feet…his words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) @@ -2296,7 +2296,7 @@ DEU 33 5 eer4 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Verse 5 is difficult to u DEU 33 5 c2d9 0 there was a king “Yahweh became king” DEU 33 5 g63w 0 Jeshurun This is another name for Israel. Translated as in [Deuteronomy 32:15](../32/15.md). DEU 33 6 xmf7 0 Let Reuben live This begins Moses’ blessings to the individual tribes of Israel. -DEU 33 6 qs86 0 but may his men be few Other possible meanings are (1) “and may his men not be few” or (2) “even though his men are few.” +DEU 33 6 qs86 0 but may his men be few Other This could mean: (1) “and may his men not be few” or (2) “even though his men are few.” DEU 33 7 e9mj figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). The blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 7 hxx8 figs-metonymy 0 to the voice of Judah Here “voice of Judah” refers to the cries and prayers of the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “when the people of Judah pray to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DEU 33 7 v8f7 figs-abstractnouns 0 be a help The abstract noun “help” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “help him to fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) @@ -2320,7 +2320,7 @@ DEU 33 11 d2c2 figs-idiom 0 rise up against This is an idiom. Alternate transla DEU 33 12 c4ca figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 12 wbv9 figs-activepassive 0 The one loved by Yahweh lives Here Moses is referring to the members of the tribe of Benjamin. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The ones whom Yahweh loves live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 33 12 rf48 figs-abstractnouns 0 lives in security The abstact noun “security” can be translated using a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “lives where no one can harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -DEU 33 12 t7re 0 he lives between Yahweh’s arms Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh protects the tribe of Benjamin with his power or (2) Yahweh lives in the hill region of the tribe of Benjamin. In both translations, it means Yahweh takes care of them. +DEU 33 12 t7re 0 he lives between Yahweh’s arms This could mean: (1) Yahweh protects the tribe of Benjamin with his power or (2) Yahweh lives in the hill region of the tribe of Benjamin. In both translations, it means Yahweh takes care of them. DEU 33 13 bn1r figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 13 l4ua 0 About Joseph This refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the tribe of Manasseh. Both tribes descended from Joseph. DEU 33 13 vty3 figs-metonymy 0 May his land be blessed by Yahweh The word “his” refers to Joseph which represents the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh bless their land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -2350,10 +2350,10 @@ DEU 33 18 g9eh figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless DEU 33 18 m1l6 figs-explicit 0 Rejoice, Zebulun, in your going out, and you, Issachar, in your tents The people of Zebulun were located near the Mediterranean Sea. They traveled by sea and traded with other people. The people of Issachar preferred peaceful living and working the land and raising cattle. You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DEU 33 19 bwp6 0 There will they offer “It is there that they will offer” DEU 33 19 h5jn 0 sacrifices of righteousness “acceptable sacrifices” or “proper sacrifices” -DEU 33 19 ime2 0 For they will suck the abundance of the seas, and from the sand on the seashore Possible meanings are (1) they will trade with people across the sea or (2) they were beginning to use sand in making pottery. +DEU 33 19 ime2 0 For they will suck the abundance of the seas, and from the sand on the seashore This could mean: (1) they will trade with people across the sea or (2) they were beginning to use sand in making pottery. DEU 33 19 cl5x figs-metaphor 0 For they will suck the abundance of the seas The Hebrew word translated “suck” here refers to how a baby nurses at its mother’s breast. It means the people will gain wealth from the sea like a baby gets milk from its mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 33 20 r21i figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -DEU 33 20 sb7w figs-activepassive 0 Blessed be he who enlarges Gad This can stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are (1) “May Yahweh bless Gad and give him much land to live in” or (2) “People should say that Yahweh is good because he has given Gad much land to live in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +DEU 33 20 sb7w figs-activepassive 0 Blessed be he who enlarges Gad This can stated in active form. Alternate translation: This could mean: (1) “May Yahweh bless Gad and give him much land to live in” or (2) “People should say that Yahweh is good because he has given Gad much land to live in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 33 20 qa5j figs-simile 0 He will live there like a lioness, and he will tear off an arm or a head This means the people of Gad are strong and secure, and they will defeat their enemies in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) DEU 33 21 ypm2 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Gad as one man, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:20](../33/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) DEU 33 21 nad9 0 the leader’s portion This means a larger piece of land that a leader normally took. @@ -2377,16 +2377,16 @@ DEU 33 27 bk5r figs-metaphor 0 underneath are the everlasting arms The words DEU 33 27 hrf2 figs-pastforfuture 0 He thrust out…he said Moses speaks of the future as if it were the past to emphasize that what he is saying will come true. AT “He will thrust out…he will say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) DEU 33 27 zfz8 figs-you 0 before you…Destroy Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” and the command “destroy” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 33 27 an79 figs-quotations 0 he said, “Destroy!” If this direct quotation would not work well in your language, you may change it to an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “he will tell you to destroy them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) -DEU 33 28 c8xi figs-pastforfuture 0 Israel dwelt…Jacob’s spring was secure Possible meanings are (1) Moses speaks of the future as if it were the past to emphasize that what he is saying will come true, “Israel will dwell…Jacob’s spring will be secure” or (2) Moses is blessing Israel, “May Israel dwell…and may Jacob’s spring be secure.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -DEU 33 28 cp65 figs-metonymy 0 Jacob’s spring Possible meanings are (1) Jacob’s home or (2) Jacob’s descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -DEU 33 28 ze3a figs-metaphor 0 let his heavens drop dew The dew is spoken of as being so much that it is as if it were raining. Possible meanings are (1) Moses is blessing Israel, “may much dew cover the land like rain” or (2) Moses is telling what will happen in the future, “much dew will cover the land like rain.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +DEU 33 28 c8xi figs-pastforfuture 0 Israel dwelt…Jacob’s spring was secure This could mean: (1) Moses speaks of the future as if it were the past to emphasize that what he is saying will come true, “Israel will dwell…Jacob’s spring will be secure” or (2) Moses is blessing Israel, “May Israel dwell…and may Jacob’s spring be secure.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) +DEU 33 28 cp65 figs-metonymy 0 Jacob’s spring This could mean: (1) Jacob’s home or (2) Jacob’s descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +DEU 33 28 ze3a figs-metaphor 0 let his heavens drop dew The dew is spoken of as being so much that it is as if it were raining. This could mean: (1) Moses is blessing Israel, “may much dew cover the land like rain” or (2) Moses is telling what will happen in the future, “much dew will cover the land like rain.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DEU 33 28 qcg6 0 dew water that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:2](../32/02.md). DEU 33 29 hn5q figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) DEU 33 29 q9sn figs-rquestion 0 Who is like you, a people saved by Yahweh…majesty? This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “There is no other people group like you, a people whom Yahweh has saved…majesty.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DEU 33 29 n3du figs-merism 0 the shield…the sword This merism speaks of Yahweh defending the Israelites from their enemies and enabling them to attack their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) DEU 33 29 tm9a figs-metaphor 0 the shield of your help The word “shield” is a metaphor for Yahweh protecting and defending the Israelites. The abstract noun “help” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who protects you and helps you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) DEU 33 29 cur3 figs-metaphor 0 the sword of your majesty The word “sword” is a metaphor for the power to kill with the sword in order to win battles. Alternate translation: “the one who enables you to win battles and so have majesty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -DEU 33 29 ly3l 0 you will trample down their high places Possible meanings are (1) the Israelites will destroy the places where the other people worship false gods or (2) the Israelites will walk on the backs of their enemies when the Israelites defeat them. +DEU 33 29 ly3l 0 you will trample down their high places This could mean: (1) the Israelites will destroy the places where the other people worship false gods or (2) the Israelites will walk on the backs of their enemies when the Israelites defeat them. DEU 34 intro kh67 0 # Deuteronomy 34 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter may have been written by Joshua, since it recorded Moses’ death. This chapter officially ends the revelation of the law of Moses, and life in the Promised Land is about to begin again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) DEU 34 1 ayb8 0 Mount Nebo This is the highest point of Mount Pisgah which is in the northern part of the Abarim mountain range. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:49](../32/49.md). DEU 34 1 r9wl 0 Pisgah See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:17](../03/17.md). diff --git a/en_tn_07-JDG.tsv b/en_tn_07-JDG.tsv index adc4b056db..fdfdde8e6a 100644 --- a/en_tn_07-JDG.tsv +++ b/en_tn_07-JDG.tsv @@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ JDG 5 3 hs8j figs-apostrophe 0 Listen, you kings! Pay attention, you leaders De JDG 5 3 cbt1 0 you kings…you leaders This refers to kings and leaders in general, not to specific kings or leaders. JDG 5 4 f5pu figs-metaphor 0 when you went out from Seir, when you marched from Edom This refers to the time when the Israelites left Edom to start conquering the people in Canaan. Yahweh empowering his people to defeat the people of Canaan is spoken of as if he were a warrior leading the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JDG 5 4 vj7e translate-names 0 Seir Seir is a mountain on the border of the land of Israel and Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -JDG 5 4 hw54 figs-metaphor 0 the earth shook, and the skies also trembled; also the clouds poured down water Possible meanings are (1) this is poetic language that emphasizes Yahweh’s power by describing it as causing earthquakes and storms or (2) the people of Canaan being terrified as the Israelites were about to attack them is spoken of as if the earth and sky were shaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JDG 5 4 hw54 figs-metaphor 0 the earth shook, and the skies also trembled; also the clouds poured down water This could mean: (1) this is poetic language that emphasizes Yahweh’s power by describing it as causing earthquakes and storms or (2) the people of Canaan being terrified as the Israelites were about to attack them is spoken of as if the earth and sky were shaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JDG 5 5 db6h writing-poetry 0 General Information: Deborah and Barak’s song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) JDG 5 5 p4qp figs-personification 0 The mountains quaked This probably refers to earthquakes and gives the impression that the mountains quaked because they were very afraid of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “The mountains trembled in fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JDG 5 5 d62l figs-metonymy 0 before the face of Yahweh Here “face” refers Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ JDG 8 10 vw38 translate-names 0 Karkor This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc:/ JDG 8 10 bh2j translate-numbers 0 fifteen thousand men “15,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) JDG 8 10 p2iw figs-euphemism 0 had fallen This is a polite way of referring to people who died in battle. Alternate translation: “had been killed” or “had died in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) JDG 8 10 j3dk translate-numbers 0 120,000 men “one hundred thousand men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -JDG 8 10 mz6t figs-metonymy 0 men who drew the sword Here drawing the sword represents using the sword in battle. Possible meanings are (1) this phrase refers to soldiers who use swords in battle. Alternate translation: “swordsmen” or “men who fought with swords” or (2) this phrase refers to any soldiers. Alternate translation: “soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +JDG 8 10 mz6t figs-metonymy 0 men who drew the sword Here drawing the sword represents using the sword in battle. This could mean: (1) this phrase refers to soldiers who use swords in battle. Alternate translation: “swordsmen” or “men who fought with swords” or (2) this phrase refers to any soldiers. Alternate translation: “soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JDG 8 11 t81p figs-synecdoche 0 Gideon went up Here “Gideon” represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers went up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JDG 8 11 y551 figs-synecdoche 0 He defeated Here “He” refers to Gideon and represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers defeated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JDG 8 11 jbu9 translate-names 0 Nobah and Jogbehah These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -983,7 +983,7 @@ JDG 14 14 bdu6 0 his guests “the men at his feast” JDG 14 14 mf31 figs-metaphor 0 could not find the answer Here figuring out the answer to the riddle is spoke of as if it were something hidden that the guest had to search for and find. Alternate translation: “could not figure out the answer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JDG 14 15 wrs2 translate-ordinal 0 the fourth day “day 4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) JDG 14 15 w5dc 0 Trick mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do -JDG 14 15 jx5r figs-metonymy 0 your father’s house Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the actual house. Alternate translation: “the house your father and his family live in” or (2) “house” refers to the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +JDG 14 15 jx5r figs-metonymy 0 your father’s house This could mean: (1) this refers to the actual house. Alternate translation: “the house your father and his family live in” or (2) “house” refers to the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JDG 14 15 t8sh figs-idiom 0 will burn up The phrase “burn up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burnt up,” it means that person is burned to death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JDG 14 15 si25 figs-rquestion 0 Did you invite us here in order to make us poor? They ask her this question to accuse her of doing evil. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have brought us here to make us poor!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JDG 14 15 sg4i figs-explicit 0 to make us poor They would become poor if they had to buy him new clothes if they could not solve the riddle. Alternate translation: “to make us poor by forcing us to buy him new clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -991,7 +991,7 @@ JDG 14 16 hr3k figs-parallelism 0 All you do is hate me! You do not love me Sam JDG 14 16 d72a 0 riddle a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question JDG 14 16 j4gp 0 Look here This is used to get someones attention. Here “look” means to “listen.” Alternate translation: “Listen to me” or “Pay attention to what I am about to say” JDG 14 16 zq8z figs-rquestion 0 if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you? Samson was rebuking her for demanding that he tell her the answer. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have not even told my father or mother. I will not tell you.” or “you should not demand that I tell you, since I have not even told my parents, and they are closer to me than you are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -JDG 14 17 ejm7 0 during the seven days that their feast lasted Possible meanings are (1) “during the seven days of their feast” or (2) “during the rest of the seven days of their feast.” +JDG 14 17 ejm7 0 during the seven days that their feast lasted This could mean: (1) “during the seven days of their feast” or (2) “during the rest of the seven days of their feast.” JDG 14 17 rfq6 translate-ordinal 0 the seventh day “day 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) JDG 14 17 xid1 figs-idiom 0 she pressured him very much Here the word “pressured” means “urged.” Alternate translation: “she kept urging him to tell her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JDG 14 18 ui6t figs-explicit 0 the men of the city This refers to Samson’s wife’s relatives. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the young men” or “her relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ JDG 15 16 dzp6 0 the jawbone of a donkey “a donkey’s jawbone” JDG 15 16 dm4v figs-explicit 0 heaps upon heaps This phrase describes how many people Samson killed. There were enough bodies to make large piles of bodies. Alternate translation: “I have made heaps of dead bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JDG 15 17 ra2d translate-names 0 Ramath Lehi This is the name of a place. It’s name means “Jawbone Hill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JDG 15 18 ta26 0 was very thirsty “needed water to drink” -JDG 15 18 t3wx figs-hyperbole 0 But now will I die of thirst and fall into…uncircumcised? Possible meanings are (1) Samson is so thirsty he could literally die. Alternate translation: “But now I will die of thirst and my body will fall into…uncircumcised.” or (2) Samson exaggerates how thirsty he is by asking if he will die of thirst. Alternate translation: “But now will you allow me to become so weak from my thirst that I fall into…uncircumcised?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +JDG 15 18 t3wx figs-hyperbole 0 But now will I die of thirst and fall into…uncircumcised? This could mean: (1) Samson is so thirsty he could literally die. Alternate translation: “But now I will die of thirst and my body will fall into…uncircumcised.” or (2) Samson exaggerates how thirsty he is by asking if he will die of thirst. Alternate translation: “But now will you allow me to become so weak from my thirst that I fall into…uncircumcised?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) JDG 15 18 h9yr figs-idiom 0 die of thirst This means to die because you have not drank enough and therefore, you do not have enough water in your body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JDG 15 18 u4x9 figs-idiom 0 fall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised The phrase “fall into the hands” means to be captured. “Those who are uncircumcised” refers to the Philistines and with the word “uncircumcised” emphasizing that they do not worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “be captured by those godless Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JDG 15 19 c7pf 0 split open the hollow place “opened a hole in the ground” or “opened the low place.” This refers to a low area of ground where Yahweh caused a spring of water to appear. @@ -1071,7 +1071,7 @@ JDG 16 intro u81n 0 # Judges 16 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting< JDG 16 1 l289 figs-euphemism 0 he went to bed with her The phrase “went to bed with” is a polite way of referring to having sex. Alternate translation: “he had sex with her” or “he slept with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) JDG 16 2 j859 translate-names 0 The Gazites were told The word “Gazites” refers to people from Gaza. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told the people of Gaza” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JDG 16 2 fyj2 0 The Gazites surrounded the place…they waited for him all night at the city gate This implies that some Gazites surrounded the place where Samson was staying and others waited at the city gate so that he could not leave. -JDG 16 2 lsy6 0 They kept silent all night Possible meanings are (1) “They did not make any noise all night” or (2) “They made no attempt to attack him all night.” +JDG 16 2 lsy6 0 They kept silent all night This could mean: (1) “They did not make any noise all night” or (2) “They made no attempt to attack him all night.” JDG 16 3 iye2 0 until midnight “until the middle of the night” JDG 16 3 fv5x 0 its two posts These are supports for the city gate. These posts were probably made from tree trunks and were buried deep into the ground. The doors of the city gate were attached to these posts. JDG 16 3 c2m4 0 bar and all The bar was probably a heavy rod of iron that connected the gate to the posts. The doors of the city gate were probably made of heavy wooden beams or iron bars. diff --git a/en_tn_08-RUT.tsv b/en_tn_08-RUT.tsv index fcb3b7651d..b6d0ee103e 100644 --- a/en_tn_08-RUT.tsv +++ b/en_tn_08-RUT.tsv @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ RUT 2 20 zu5f מִֽגֹּאֲלֵ֖נוּ 1 kinsman-redeemers A kinsman- RUT 2 21 k2lz גַּ֣ם ׀ כִּי־אָמַ֣ר אֵלַ֗י 1 In addition, he said to me **He even said to me**. This indicates that what follows is beyond what they would have expected a landowner to say to Ruth. RUT 2 21 g585 עִם־הַנְּעָרִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־לִי֙ תִּדְבָּקִ֔ין 1 You should keep close by the servants who belong to me Boaz was expressing confidence that his workers would not harm Ruth. RUT 2 22 f2tw תֵֽצְאִי֙ עִם 1 you go out with **you work with** -RUT 2 22 bcc4 וְלֹ֥א יִפְגְּעוּ־בָ֖ךְ 1 so that they do not harm you Possible meanings are (1) other workers might abuse Ruth or try to rape her or (2) in another field, the owner might interfere or stop her from gleaning while they are harvesting. +RUT 2 22 bcc4 וְלֹ֥א יִפְגְּעוּ־בָ֖ךְ 1 so that they do not harm you This could mean: (1) other workers might abuse Ruth or try to rape her or (2) in another field, the owner might interfere or stop her from gleaning while they are harvesting. RUT 2 22 ab64 grammar-connect-logic-result וְלֹ֥א יִפְגְּעוּ־בָ֖ךְ 1 so that they do not harm you This is the reason why Ruth should continue to work with Boaz’s servants. If it is more clear in your language to state the reason before the result, you can state this part of the sentence first, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) RUT 2 23 e2vq וַתִּדְבַּ֞ק 1 So she stayed close by Ruth worked in Boaz’s fields with his workers during the day, so she would be safe. RUT 2 23 a7qp וַתֵּ֖שֶׁב אֶת־חֲמוֹתָֽהּ 1 She lived with her mother-in-law Ruth went to Naomi’s home to sleep at night. diff --git a/en_tn_09-1SA.tsv b/en_tn_09-1SA.tsv index a2054832ea..b2c600328b 100644 --- a/en_tn_09-1SA.tsv +++ b/en_tn_09-1SA.tsv @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 1 26 r835 figs-idiom 0 Oh, my master! As you live, my master Here the idiom “As you live” shows that Hannah is being sincere and truthful. Alternate translation: “Sir, what I am going to tell you is certainly true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1SA 1 27 m76r figs-abstractnouns 0 has given me my petition which I asked of him The noun “petition” refers to a formal request for another person to do something. It can be translated with a verb. The idiom “to give a petition” means to do what the person requests. Alternate translation: “has agreed to do what I solemnly requested that he do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1SA 1 28 fp77 figs-activepassive 0 he is lent to Yahweh This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am loaning him to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -1SA 1 28 f1d4 figs-synecdoche 0 he worshiped Yahweh Possible meanings: (1) “He” refers to Elkanah or (2) “he” is a synecdoche referring to both Elkanah and his family. Alternate translation: “Elkanah and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +1SA 1 28 f1d4 figs-synecdoche 0 he worshiped Yahweh This could mean: (1) “He” refers to Elkanah or (2) “he” is a synecdoche referring to both Elkanah and his family. Alternate translation: “Elkanah and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 1SA 2 intro fe7v 0 # 1 Samuel 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with Hannah’s poetic prayer in 2:1-10 .<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Hannah’s song of praise to God<br><br>This song is about how God protects the weak and strengthens them. He humbles the rich, provides for the poor, and defeats his enemies.<br><br>### Eli’s Sons<br><br>Eli, the chief priest, had two sons. They were ungodly priests who continually sinned and did not honor God. Eli corrected them but they did not listen. A prophet warned Eli that God would stop his family from being priests and his sons would both die on the same day. At the same time, Samuel was growing up and serving God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>This chapter has many figures of speech because the first part of the chapter is a song and the last part of the chapter is a prophecy. Songs and prophecy tend to have many figures of speech.<br><br>### Synecdoches<br><br>“My heart” and “my mouth” are synecdoches referencing the speaker. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])<br><br>### Metonymies<br><br>Body parts are often used to stand for activities involving that part of the body. “The feet of his faithful people” is a metonym meaning what they are doing or where they are going. Place names are often used for people in that place such as “the ends of the earth” meaning the people living in the ends of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br><br>### Metaphors<br><br>Hannah used many military metaphors: “rock,” representing protection; “the bows of the mighty men are broken,” representing military defeat; “the horn of his anointed,” representing the power of the one that God has chosen to be king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>God used three rhetorical questions to correct and condemn Eli. “Did I not reveal myself to the house of your ancestor, when they were in Egypt in bondage to Pharaoh’s house?” “Why then do you scorn my offerings that I required in the place where I live?” “Why do you honor your sons above me by making yourselves fat with the best of every offering of my people Israel?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1SA 2 1 e9ks figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Hannah recites a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 1SA 2 1 aq77 0 My heart exults “I have great joy” @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 2 3 l38w 0 no arrogance “no arrogant words” 1SA 2 3 tzn5 figs-activepassive 0 by him actions are weighed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he weighs people’s actions” or “he understands why people act as they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1SA 2 4 v82q figs-parallelism 0 Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -1SA 2 4 rd1s 0 The bow of the mighty men are broken Possible meanings are (1) the bows themselves are broken or (2) the men who carry the bows are prevented from acting. Alternate translation: “Mighty bowmen are kept from acting” +1SA 2 4 rd1s 0 The bow of the mighty men are broken This could mean: (1) the bows themselves are broken or (2) the men who carry the bows are prevented from acting. Alternate translation: “Mighty bowmen are kept from acting” 1SA 2 4 re5w figs-activepassive 0 The bow of the mighty men are broken This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh breaks the bows of the mighty men” or “Yahweh can make even the strongest of people weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1SA 2 4 nr6l figs-metaphor 0 those who stumble put on strength like a belt This metaphor means they will no longer stumble, but their strength will remain with them as tightly as a belt. Alternate translation: “he will make those who stumble strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1SA 2 4 u785 0 put on…a belt This is the general term for putting something around one’s waist to prepare for work. @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 3 6 mt8g figs-metaphor 0 my son Eli was not Samuel’s true father. Eli speaks as if he were Samuel’s father to show Samuel that he is not angry but that Samuel needs to listen to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1SA 3 7 s4pa figs-activepassive 0 nor had any message from Yahweh ever been revealed to him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “nor had Yahweh ever revealed any message to him” or “and Yahweh had never revealed any message to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1SA 3 9 m2t2 figs-pronouns 0 your servant is Eli tells Samuel to speak to Yahweh as if Samuel were another person so that Samuel would show respect to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -1SA 3 10 tcr3 0 Yahweh came and stood Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh actually appeared and stood before Samuel or (2) Yahweh made his presence known to Samuel. +1SA 3 10 tcr3 0 Yahweh came and stood This could mean: (1) Yahweh actually appeared and stood before Samuel or (2) Yahweh made his presence known to Samuel. 1SA 3 10 z33m figs-pronouns 0 your servant is Samuel speaks to Yahweh as if Samuel were another person to show respect to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) 1SA 3 11 huj9 figs-idiom 0 at which the ears of everyone who hears it will tingle Here “ears…will tingle” is an idiom that means everyone will be shocked by what they hear. Alternate translation: “that will shock everyone who hears it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1SA 3 11 z6qj 0 tingle This means to feel like someone is gently poking with small, sharp objects, usually because of the cold or because someone has slapped that body part with their hand. @@ -201,35 +201,35 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 5 5 l4ma writing-background 0 This is why, even today The writer is about to give some background information separate from the main story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) 1SA 5 5 ey39 0 even today Here “today” means up to the day when the author was writing this book. 1SA 5 6 l5he figs-idiom 0 Yahweh’s hand was heavy upon This is an idiom. “Yahweh severely judged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -1SA 5 6 ddj3 0 tumors Possible meanings are (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. +1SA 5 6 ddj3 0 tumors This could mean: (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. 1SA 5 6 uhg9 figs-metonymy 0 both Ashdod and its territories The name of the town is a metonym for the people living in the town. “both the people of Ashdod and the people in the land surrounding Ashdod” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1SA 5 7 y9dm 0 the men of Ashdod realized “the men of Ashdod understood” 1SA 5 7 l6t8 0 ark of the God of Israel See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 3:3](../03/03.md). This is the a same as the “ark of the covenant of Yahweh” in [1 Samuel 4:3](../04/03.md). 1SA 5 9 b7z1 figs-idiom 0 Yahweh’s hand was against This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Yahweh punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -1SA 5 9 buz5 figs-merism 0 both small and great Possible meanings are (1) this is a merism that refers to age. Alternate translation: “men of all ages” or (2) this is a merism that refers social class. Alternate translation: “from the poorest and weakest men to the richest and most powerful men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -1SA 5 9 sxg1 0 tumors Possible meanings are (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md) +1SA 5 9 buz5 figs-merism 0 both small and great This could mean: (1) this is a merism that refers to age. Alternate translation: “men of all ages” or (2) this is a merism that refers social class. Alternate translation: “from the poorest and weakest men to the richest and most powerful men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +1SA 5 9 sxg1 0 tumors This could mean: (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md) 1SA 5 10 gk7m figs-explicit 0 cried out Why they cried out can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “cried out in fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1SA 5 11 cb8i 0 the ark of the God of Israel See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 3:3](../03/03.md). This is the a same as the “ark of the covenant of Yahweh” in [1 Samuel 4:3](../04/03.md). -1SA 5 11 s7pb 0 the God of Israel Possible meanings are (1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or (2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, “the god of Israel.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/07.md). +1SA 5 11 s7pb 0 the God of Israel This could mean: (1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or (2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, “the god of Israel.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/07.md). 1SA 5 11 se4g 0 there was a deathly panic throughout the city “people all over the city were afraid that they were going to die” 1SA 5 11 vn4h figs-metonymy 0 the hand of God was very heavy there The hand is a metonym for God punishing the people. “Yahweh was punishing the people there very severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1SA 5 12 djg2 figs-explicit 0 The men who did not die This implies that many men actually died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -1SA 5 12 u8uu 0 tumors Possible meanings are (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). -1SA 5 12 vm1y figs-metonymy 0 the cry of the city went up to the heavens The word “city” is a metonym for the people of the city. Possible meanings are (1) the words “went up to the heavens” is an idiom for “was very great.” Alternate translation: “the people of the city cried out very loudly” or (2) the words “the heavens” is a metonym for the people’s gods. Alternate translation: “the people of the city cried out to their gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +1SA 5 12 u8uu 0 tumors This could mean: (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). +1SA 5 12 vm1y figs-metonymy 0 the cry of the city went up to the heavens The word “city” is a metonym for the people of the city. This could mean: (1) the words “went up to the heavens” is an idiom for “was very great.” Alternate translation: “the people of the city cried out very loudly” or (2) the words “the heavens” is a metonym for the people’s gods. Alternate translation: “the people of the city cried out to their gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1SA 6 intro z9kg 0 # 1 Samuel 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter ends the story of the Ark of the Covenant among the Philistines.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The Philistines send the Ark back to Israel<br><br>The Philistine leaders asked their priests what they should do with the Ark. The priests said to send it off with an offering. The Philistines put the Ark on a cart drawn by cows and let them go wherever they wanted to go. The cows went straight toward Israel. When some people peeked into the Ark, God killed them. Because of this, the people sent the Ark to Kiriath Jearim. 1SA 6 2 rk4s 0 the priests and the diviners These were pagan priests and diviners who worshiped Dagon. 1SA 6 2 nd2k 0 Tell us how we should send it The Philistines wanted to know how to get rid of the ark without angering Yahweh any further. -1SA 6 3 gg7q 0 the God of Israel Possible meanings are (1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or (2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, “the god of Israel.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/07.md). +1SA 6 3 gg7q 0 the God of Israel This could mean: (1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or (2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, “the god of Israel.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/07.md). 1SA 6 3 nl22 figs-idiom 0 by all means send him a guilt offering The words “by all means” are a forceful way of saying something. Alternate translation: “you must send a guilt offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1SA 6 3 ly3u 0 you will be healed “you will no longer be ill” 1SA 6 3 r6j5 figs-you 0 you The pronoun “you” is plural, referring to all of the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 1SA 6 3 g77h figs-metonymy 0 why his hand has not been lifted off of you Here “hand” is a metonym used to represent God’s power to afflict or discipline. Alternate translation: “why he has not relieved your suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -1SA 6 4 ej9d 0 tumors Possible meanings are (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). +1SA 6 4 ej9d 0 tumors This could mean: (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). 1SA 6 4 kn78 0 mice more than one mouse 1SA 6 5 b9t4 0 models A model is something that looks like a real thing. -1SA 6 5 jv13 0 tumors Possible meanings are (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). +1SA 6 5 jv13 0 tumors This could mean: (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). 1SA 6 5 n47l 0 that ravage “that are destroying” -1SA 6 5 fu6m 0 the God of Israel Possible meanings are (1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or (2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, “the god of Israel.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/07.md). +1SA 6 5 fu6m 0 the God of Israel This could mean: (1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or (2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, “the god of Israel.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/07.md). 1SA 6 5 yp97 figs-metonymy 0 lift his hand from you, from your gods, and from your land Here “hand” is a metonym used to represent God’s power to afflict or discipline. Alternate translation: “stop punishing you, your gods and your land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1SA 6 6 ix9s figs-rquestion 0 Why should you harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts? The priests and diviners use a rhetorical question to urge the Philistines to think very seriously about what will happen if they refuse to obey God. This can be translated as a warning. Alternate translation: “Do not be stubborn like the Egyptians and Pharaoh were!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1SA 6 6 txz5 figs-idiom 0 harden your hearts This is an idiom that means to be stubborn or unwilling to obey God. Alternate translation: “refuse to obey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 6 10 vqs4 0 two nursing cows “two cows that have calves that are still drinking milk” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 6:7](../06/07.md). 1SA 6 11 l2qq 0 mice Translated this as in [1 Samuel 6:4](../06/04.md). 1SA 6 11 hg4l 0 castings of their tumors “models of their tumors” -1SA 6 11 h2re 0 tumors Possible meanings are (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). +1SA 6 11 h2re 0 tumors This could mean: (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). 1SA 6 12 d3ub 0 The cows went straight in the direction of Beth Shemesh Nursing cows would normally return to their calves, but these cows went to Beth Shemesh. 1SA 6 12 iv94 0 lowing as they went Lowing is the noise cows make with their voices. 1SA 6 12 kpn8 0 they did not turn aside either to the right or to the left “they did not wander off of the highway.” This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “they stayed on the highway” or “they went straight ahead” @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 6 15 km1p 0 The Levites took down the ark According to the law of Moses, only the Levites were permitted to handle the ark. 1SA 6 15 lq8f 0 the box that was with it, where the golden figures were “the box containing the gold models of the rats and the tumors” 1SA 6 16 ke9z 0 the five rulers of the Philistines “the five Philistine kings” -1SA 6 17 rf99 0 tumors Possible meanings are (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). +1SA 6 17 rf99 0 tumors This could mean: (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md). 1SA 6 18 vv5i 0 mice Translated this as in [1 Samuel 6:4](../06/04.md). 1SA 6 18 j566 0 fortified cities These are cities with high walls around them to protect the people inside from attack by their enemies. 1SA 6 18 jy47 figs-personification 0 The great stone…remains a witness The stone is referred to as if it is a person who can see. Alternate translation: “The great stone…is still there, and people remember what happened on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 6 18 ksv7 0 to this day to the time at which the writer wrote the book 1SA 6 19 gl4f 0 they had looked into the ark The ark was so holy that no one was permitted to look inside it. Only the priests were allowed to even see the ark. 1SA 6 19 vv74 translate-numbers 0 50,070 men “fifty thousand and seventy men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -1SA 6 20 zwk1 figs-rquestion 0 Who is able to stand before Yahweh, this holy God? Possible meanings are (1) this is a rhetorical question that expresses the people’s fear of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “There is no one who can resist Yahweh because he is so holy!” or (2) this is a question asking for information. The phrase “stand before Yahweh” may refer to priests who serve Yahweh. It is implied that the people were looking for a priest whom Yahweh would permit to handle the ark. Alternate translation: “Is there a priest among us who serves this holy God, Yahweh, and is able to handle this ark?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +1SA 6 20 zwk1 figs-rquestion 0 Who is able to stand before Yahweh, this holy God? This could mean: (1) this is a rhetorical question that expresses the people’s fear of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “There is no one who can resist Yahweh because he is so holy!” or (2) this is a question asking for information. The phrase “stand before Yahweh” may refer to priests who serve Yahweh. It is implied that the people were looking for a priest whom Yahweh would permit to handle the ark. Alternate translation: “Is there a priest among us who serves this holy God, Yahweh, and is able to handle this ark?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1SA 6 20 bc1z figs-explicit 0 To whom will the ark go up from us? This is a question asking for information. It is implied that the people want Yahweh and the ark to go somewhere else so he will not punish them again. Alternate translation: “Where can we send this ark so that Yahweh will not punish us again?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1SA 6 21 n5gr translate-names 0 Kiriath Jearim This was a town in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1SA 7 intro hd2a 0 # 1 Samuel 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter completes the section on Samuel leading Israel.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel begins to worship Yahweh again<br><br>Samuel told the people to get rid of all their idols and worship Yahweh alone. The people were obedient. When the Philistines heard the Israelites were all gathered together, the Philistines attacked, but God defeated them. There was a time of peace during which Samuel settled disputes between the people as the judges had done before.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idioms<br><br>Whenever Samuel spoke to a group of people, he used many idioms: “to turn to” means “to worship”; “with your whole heart” means “completely”; and “rescue from the hand” means “rescued from the power.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 7 3 iz8m figs-metonymy 0 the entire house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the people who live in the house and their descendants. Alternate translation: “all of the descendants of Israel” or “all of the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1SA 7 3 yb5d figs-idiom 0 return to Yahweh with your whole heart Here “with your whole heart” is an idiom that means to be completely devoted to something. Alternate translation: “become completely devoted to worshiping and obeying Yahweh only” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1SA 7 5 bsu1 0 all Israel “all the people of Israel” or “all the Israelites” -1SA 7 6 a817 figs-explicit 0 drew water and poured it out before Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) the people denied themselves water as part of fasting or (2) they got water out of a stream or well and poured it on the ground as an outward sign of being sorry for their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +1SA 7 6 a817 figs-explicit 0 drew water and poured it out before Yahweh This could mean: (1) the people denied themselves water as part of fasting or (2) they got water out of a stream or well and poured it on the ground as an outward sign of being sorry for their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1SA 7 7 ey3d figs-explicit 0 the rulers of the Philistines attacked Israel It can be stated plainly that it was the army and not the rulers by themselves who attacked Israel. Alternate translation: “the Philistine rulers led their army and attacked Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1SA 7 8 n5ch figs-metonymy 0 save us from the hand of the Philistines The “hand” is a metonym for the power of the person. Alternate translation: “save us from the Philistine army” or “keep the Philistine army from harming us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1SA 7 9 b1zp 0 nursing lamb a lamb that is still drinking its mother’s milk @@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 7 9 plu5 0 Yahweh answered him “Yahweh did what Samuel asked him to do” 1SA 7 10 k1nw 0 As Samuel…they were routed before Israel This begins to explain what the writer means by “Yahweh answered him” in ([1 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md)). 1SA 7 10 cd8j figs-idiom 0 threw them into confusion The word “confusion” here is used as a casual way of saying the Philistines were unable to think clearly. Alternate translation: “made them unable to think clearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -1SA 7 10 k6pl figs-activepassive 0 they were routed before Israel This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh routed them before Israel” or (2) “Israel routed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1SA 7 10 k6pl figs-activepassive 0 they were routed before Israel This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) “Yahweh routed them before Israel” or (2) “Israel routed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1SA 7 10 i1ra 0 routed To rout people is to defeat them before they can cause any harm. 1SA 7 11 h1ei 0 The men of Israel…Beth Kar This finishes explaining what the writer means by “Yahweh answered him” in ([1 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md)). 1SA 7 11 z9iq translate-names 0 Beth Kar This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -289,14 +289,14 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 7 13 xt6p figs-activepassive 0 the Philistines were subdued This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh subdued the Philistines” or “Yahweh kept the Philistines from causing harm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1SA 7 13 xr1h 0 they did not enter the border of Israel The Philistines did not enter Israel’s border to attack them. 1SA 7 13 lb3d figs-metonymy 0 The hand of Yahweh was against the Philistines The word “hand” is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh used his power against the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -1SA 7 14 li9a figs-activepassive 0 The towns…from Israel were restored to Israel This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) Here “Israel” refers to the “land” of Israel. “Yahweh restored to the land of Israel the towns…from Israel” or (2) “Israel” is a metonym for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel were able to reclaim the towns…from Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +1SA 7 14 li9a figs-activepassive 0 The towns…from Israel were restored to Israel This can be stated in active form. This could mean: (1) Here “Israel” refers to the “land” of Israel. “Yahweh restored to the land of Israel the towns…from Israel” or (2) “Israel” is a metonym for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel were able to reclaim the towns…from Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1SA 7 16 p2sh 0 went on a circuit traveled from place to place in a rough circle 1SA 7 16 qa19 0 He decided disputes Disputes are arguments or disagreements between two or more people. 1SA 8 intro ek6j 0 # 1 Samuel 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>### Saul and Samuel<br><br>The section including chapters 8-16 begins a new part of the story. The people wanted a king, and God chose Saul, the man the people wanted, to be their king. He was not the king Yahweh wanted.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The people want a king<br><br>When Samuel was old, he appointed his sons to be judges. They were corrupt and took bribes, so the people came and asked Samuel to appoint a king for them. Samuel asked God, who gave them a king but warned them what a king would be like. Despite Samuel’s warning that a king would oppress them, the people still wanted a king. This was sinful because they were rejecting God as their king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) 1SA 8 3 d1qv figs-metaphor 0 chased after dishonest gain The writer speaks of money that people would give Samuel’s sons as if it were a person or animal running away from Samuel’s sons, and he speaks of Samuel’s sons as if they were physically chasing that person or animal. Alternate translation: “they worked hard to gain money by being dishonest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1SA 8 3 pt6z 0 perverted justice “judged in favor of those who did evil” 1SA 8 5 rx69 figs-idiom 0 do not walk in your ways The way a person lives is spoken of as walking on a path. Alternate translation: “do not do the things you do” or “do not do what is just the way you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -1SA 8 5 qj8f 0 Appoint for us a king to judge us like all the nations Possible meanings are (1) “Appoint for us a king like the kings of all the nations so that he can judge us” or (2) “Appoint for us a king who will judge us the way the kings of the nations judge them” +1SA 8 5 qj8f 0 Appoint for us a king to judge us like all the nations This could mean: (1) “Appoint for us a king like the kings of all the nations so that he can judge us” or (2) “Appoint for us a king who will judge us the way the kings of the nations judge them” 1SA 8 5 jwe4 0 Appoint for us a king to judge us The leaders wrongly believed that a king, and his sons after him, would rule justly. 1SA 8 6 z6je 0 But it displeased Samuel…Give us a king to judge us Samuel was unhappy that the people did not just want him to remove his corrupt sons and to appoint honest judges, but they wanted a king to rule over them like other countries had. 1SA 8 7 lz95 figs-metonymy 0 Obey the voice of the people Here “the voice” is a metonym for the will or the desire of the people. Alternate translation: “Do what the people say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -317,14 +317,14 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 8 16 eii9 0 Connecting Statement: Samuel continues to tell what things the king will take. 1SA 8 17 yl2b translate-fraction 0 the tenth of your flocks They will have to divide their flocks into ten equal parts and give one of those parts to the king’s officers and servants. See how you translated “tenth” in [1 Samuel 8:15](../08/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) 1SA 8 17 t81y 0 you will be his slaves “you will feel as if you are his slaves” -1SA 8 18 l9mn 0 you will cry out Possible meanings are (1) the people will ask Yahweh to rescue them from the king or (2) the people will ask the king to stop treating them so badly . +1SA 8 18 l9mn 0 you will cry out This could mean: (1) the people will ask Yahweh to rescue them from the king or (2) the people will ask the king to stop treating them so badly . 1SA 8 21 mk43 figs-synecdoche 0 he repeated them in the ears of Yahweh Here “the ears of Yahweh” refers to Yahweh. Samuel prayed to Yahweh repeating all that the people said. Alternate translation: “he repeated them to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 1SA 8 22 d8pw figs-metonymy 0 Obey their voice Here the metonym “their voice” refers to the will of the people. Alternate translation: “Obey the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1SA 8 22 s4b6 0 cause someone to be king for them “make someone king over them.” Use the common term in your language for making someone king. 1SA 8 22 vjc2 0 go to his own city “go home” 1SA 9 intro kus3 0 # 1 Samuel 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Samuel chooses Saul to be their king<br><br>When the donkeys of Saul’s father strayed away, Saul went looking for them. When he could not find them, he asked Samuel to ask God where they were. Samuel said the donkeys had been found. He invited Saul as the guest of honor to a feast and gave him a place to sleep for the night.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Saul uses two rhetorical questions to convince Samuel he is not important: “Am not I a Benjamite, from the smallest of the tribes of Israel? Is not my clan the least of all the clans of the tribe of Benjamin?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1SA 9 1 y487 writing-background 0 General Information: If your language has a way of telling the reader that the writer is giving background information in these verses, you could use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) -1SA 9 1 k9kq 0 a man of influence Possible meanings are (1) he was a wealthy man or (2) he was a nobleman or (3) he was a mighty and brave man. +1SA 9 1 k9kq 0 a man of influence This could mean: (1) he was a wealthy man or (2) he was a nobleman or (3) he was a mighty and brave man. 1SA 9 1 sxy3 translate-names 0 Kish…Abiel…Zeror…Bekorath…Aphiah These are names of the men of Saul’s family line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1SA 9 1 q9zb 0 Benjamite A Benjamite is someone who belongs to the tribe of Benjamin. 1SA 9 2 b5il 0 handsome someone who looks good @@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 9 22 wn3v 0 the hall The writer assumes that the reader knows that near the place where they would offer sacrifices there was a large building in which people would eat together. 1SA 9 22 rw25 0 head place This is the seat of honor. 1SA 9 22 tpy7 translate-numbers 0 thirty people “30 people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -1SA 9 24 s46f 0 what was on it Possible meanings are (1) the other food that Saul was to eat along with the meat or (2) other parts of the bull. +1SA 9 24 s46f 0 what was on it This could mean: (1) the other food that Saul was to eat along with the meat or (2) other parts of the bull. 1SA 9 24 v2sc 0 Then Samuel said In the original language it is not clear who is speaking. It is possible that the cook is speaking to Saul. Alternate translation: “Then the cook said” 1SA 9 25 i36v 0 on the rooftop This is a normal place for family and guests to eat, visit, and sleep. It tends to be cooler in the evening and at night than the inside of the house. 1SA 9 26 r8sh figs-explicit 0 Samuel called to Saul on the rooftop and said What Saul was doing on the rooftop can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “while Saul was sleeping on the rooftop, Samuel called to him and said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 10 7 drt6 figs-personification 0 do whatever your hand finds to do Here Samuel speaks of Saul’s hand as if it were a person trying to find things. Alternate translation: “do whatever you think is right to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 1SA 10 9 ifw6 figs-idiom 0 God gave him another heart God enabled Samuel to think differently from the way he had thought before. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1SA 10 10 lyd4 figs-personification 0 the Spirit of God rushed upon him Samuel speaks as if the Spirit of Yahweh were a person running up to Saul and taking complete control of him. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 10:6](../10/06.md). Alternate translation: “the Spirit of Yahweh took complete control of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -1SA 10 11 myw8 figs-rquestion 0 What has happened to the son of Kish? Possible meanings are (1) the people are asking for information or (2) this is a rhetorical question that means Saul is not important. Alternate translation: “Kish is not an important person, so it cannot be true that his son has become a prophet!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +1SA 10 11 myw8 figs-rquestion 0 What has happened to the son of Kish? This could mean: (1) the people are asking for information or (2) this is a rhetorical question that means Saul is not important. Alternate translation: “Kish is not an important person, so it cannot be true that his son has become a prophet!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1SA 10 11 us3j 0 the son of Kish “Saul, the son of Kish” 1SA 10 12 g5tt figs-rquestion 0 Then who is their father? This man uses a rhetorical question to remind people that being a prophet has nothing to do with who one’s parents are. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It does not matter who the parents of these other prophets are. What matters is that, amazingly, Saul is speaking messages from God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1SA 10 12 v7kp writing-proverbs 0 Because of this, it became a saying, “Is Saul also one of the prophets?” This became a proverb among the Israelites. Apparently people said this to express surprise when a person unexpectedly did something that he had not done before. The implied meaning of the question can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “And that is why, when people cannot believe some report, they think about what happened to Saul and say, ‘Is Saul really one of the prophets?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 14 42 rw4a figs-activepassive 0 Then Jonathan was taken by lot This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then the lot indicated that Jonathan was guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1SA 14 43 am45 0 General Information: The lots had just showed that Jonathan had sinned. 1SA 14 43 h3ee 0 Tell me what you have done “Tell me how you have sinned” or “Tell me what you have done that was wrong” -1SA 14 43 yi96 0 I will die Possible meanings are (1) “I am willing to die” or (2) “do I deserve to be executed because of doing that?” +1SA 14 43 yi96 0 I will die This could mean: (1) “I am willing to die” or (2) “do I deserve to be executed because of doing that?” 1SA 14 44 bhu1 0 God do so and more also to me, if you do not die, Jonathan Saul makes a second foolish oath in less than one day. Alternate translation: “May God kill me if I do not kill you, Jonathan” 1SA 14 45 sym5 0 General Information: The Army defends and protects Jonathan from Saul. 1SA 14 45 q95l figs-rquestion 0 Should Jonathan die, who has accomplished this great victory for Israel? Far from it! The people scold Saul. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Jonathan has just accomplished this great victory for Israel. He should surely not die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 15 11 u8i3 0 It grieves me “I am sorry” 1SA 15 11 fu9h figs-metaphor 0 he has turned back from following me Saul not obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if Saul had physically turned away from walking behind God. Alternate translation: “he has stopped following me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1SA 15 11 zml2 0 has not performed my commandments “has not obeyed what I commanded him to do.” Saul was to completely destroy everything and everyone. God had placed a ban on the Amalekites. But Saul permitted some livestock to live. -1SA 15 11 uwz4 0 Samuel was angry Possible meanings are (1) Samuel was angry with Saul for his disobedience or (2) Samuel was disturbed. +1SA 15 11 uwz4 0 Samuel was angry This could mean: (1) Samuel was angry with Saul for his disobedience or (2) Samuel was disturbed. 1SA 15 12 g77w 0 Samuel was told “Someone told Samuel” 1SA 15 12 hh8y 0 he set up a monument to himself Saul was full of pride. 1SA 15 12 fp2t 0 down to Gilgal Gilgal was lower in elevation than Carmel. @@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 16 16 y7wp figs-123person 0 Let our master now command The servants refer to Saul in the third person as “our master.” Alternate translation: “We ask that you, our master, command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) 1SA 16 16 qwf8 figs-123person 0 command your servants who are before you to look The servants refer to themselves in the third person as “your servants.” Alternate translation: “command us, your servants who attend to you, to look” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) 1SA 16 16 u14z 0 is on you “troubles you” -1SA 16 18 jui1 0 a strong, courageous man Possible meanings are (1) “a great warrior” or (2) “a very brave man.” +1SA 16 18 jui1 0 a strong, courageous man This could mean: (1) “a great warrior” or (2) “a very brave man.” 1SA 16 18 bp1w 0 one prudent in speech “one wise in speech” or “one who speaks wisely” 1SA 16 18 l27k figs-idiom 0 Yahweh is with him Here “with him” means Yahweh helps and blesses David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1SA 16 21 g496 figs-go 0 David came to Saul Here “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) @@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 17 16 wi92 translate-numbers 0 For forty days “For 40 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1SA 17 16 vf87 0 to present himself for battle “to show that he was ready to fight” 1SA 17 17 t66s translate-bvolume 0 ephah An ephah is a unit of measurement equal to about 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) -1SA 17 18 n9tr translate-numbers 0 the captain of their thousand “the captain of your brothers’ thousand.” Possible meanings are (1) the word “thousand” represents the exact amount of soldiers that this captain led. Alternate translation: “the captain of your brothers’ unit of 1,000 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “thousand” does not represent exact number, but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “the captain of your brothers’ military division” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +1SA 17 18 n9tr translate-numbers 0 the captain of their thousand “the captain of your brothers’ thousand.” This could mean: (1) the word “thousand” represents the exact amount of soldiers that this captain led. Alternate translation: “the captain of your brothers’ unit of 1,000 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “thousand” does not represent exact number, but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “the captain of your brothers’ military division” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1SA 17 18 ms2j 0 See how your brothers are doing “Check and find out how your brothers are doing” 1SA 17 19 i8wt 0 all the men of Israel “all the soldiers of Israel” 1SA 17 19 fa7e translate-names 0 the Valley of Elah This is the name of a place. See how you translated it in [1 Samuel 17:2](../17/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -823,7 +823,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 18 10 me9n 0 he raved “he acted crazy” 1SA 18 12 d2h6 0 Yahweh was with him “Yahweh was with David” 1SA 18 13 a354 0 So Saul removed him from his presence “So Saul removed David from his presence” -1SA 18 13 uwr1 translate-numbers 0 a commander of a thousand Possible meanings are (1) the word “thousand” represents the exact amount of soldiers that he would lead. Alternate translation: “a commander of 1,000 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “thousand” does not represent exact number, but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “a commander of a large military division” See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 17:18](../17/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +1SA 18 13 uwr1 translate-numbers 0 a commander of a thousand This could mean: (1) the word “thousand” represents the exact amount of soldiers that he would lead. Alternate translation: “a commander of 1,000 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “thousand” does not represent exact number, but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “a commander of a large military division” See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 17:18](../17/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1SA 18 13 zlq6 figs-idiom 0 David went out and came in before the people Here “the people” refers to the soldiers under David’s command. The phrases “went out” and “came in” are idioms that refer to leading the people into battle and leading them home from battle. Alternate translation: “David led his soldiers into battle and led them home from battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1SA 18 15 cml9 figs-idiom 0 he stood in awe of him Here “stood in awe” is an idiom that means to fear. Alternate translation: “he feared David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1SA 18 16 bgb3 figs-metonymy 0 all Israel and Judah loved David Here “Israel and Judah” represent the people of all of the tribes. Alternate translation: “all the people in Israel and Judah loved David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -865,14 +865,14 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 19 11 zcu4 figs-idiom 0 If you do not save your life Here “save your life” is an idiom that refers to escape. Alternate translation: “If you do not escape” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1SA 19 11 www7 figs-activepassive 0 you will be killed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone will kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1SA 19 12 rx5e 0 General Information: Michal helps David escape King Saul. She uses a household idol to make David’s bed look like he is sleeping in it. -1SA 19 13 pt3r 0 she put a pillow of goats’ hair at its head, and covered it with the clothes Possible meanings are (1) the head of the idol was lying on the goat’s hair pillow and Michal dressed the idol in David’s clothes or (2) Michal used David’s clothes as a blanket to completely cover the idol and made the “pillow” of goat’s hair look like David’s hair sticking out from under the blanket of clothes. +1SA 19 13 pt3r 0 she put a pillow of goats’ hair at its head, and covered it with the clothes This could mean: (1) the head of the idol was lying on the goat’s hair pillow and Michal dressed the idol in David’s clothes or (2) Michal used David’s clothes as a blanket to completely cover the idol and made the “pillow” of goat’s hair look like David’s hair sticking out from under the blanket of clothes. 1SA 19 14 bsi6 0 General Information: Saul acts out his desire to kill David. 1SA 19 14 ar16 0 take David “take David back to Saul” 1SA 19 14 er9p 0 she said Here “she” refers to Michal. 1SA 19 15 uu8k figs-explicit 0 Bring him up to me in the bed The reason why the men thought David was in bed can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “If he really is too sick to come to me, bring me the bed with him in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1SA 19 16 gw7d 0 pillow of goats’ hair See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 19:13](../19/13.md). 1SA 19 16 mmv5 0 behold The word “behold” here shows that the messengers were surprised by what they saw. -1SA 19 17 gw6j figs-rquestion 0 Why have you deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped? Possible meanings are (1) Saul really wants to know why Michal did what she did or (2) Saul uses this question to rebuke Michal. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +1SA 19 17 gw6j figs-rquestion 0 Why have you deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped? This could mean: (1) Saul really wants to know why Michal did what she did or (2) Saul uses this question to rebuke Michal. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1SA 19 17 g47n figs-rquestion 0 Let me go. Why should I kill you? Although David did not actually say this, Michal tells Saul that David threatened her with this question. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will kill you if you do not help me to escape.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1SA 19 18 e48b 0 General Information: David flees to Samuel. 1SA 19 18 hj2z 0 Now This word is used here to show that the writer has started to tell a new part of the story. @@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 20 14 az7y figs-rquestion 0 will you not show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die? Jonathan asks this question to confirm that David will do this. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “please show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1SA 20 14 q324 figs-abstractnouns 0 show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful.” Possible meanings for “of Yahweh” are (1) “be faithful to me as Yahweh is faithful” or (2) “be faithful to me as Yahweh requires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 1SA 20 16 n5b7 figs-metonymy 0 house of David The word “house” is a metonym for the people who live in the house. Alternate translation: “David’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -1SA 20 16 wvm6 figs-synecdoche 0 May Yahweh require an accounting from the hand of the enemies of David The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Possible meanings are (1) “May Yahweh use David’s enemies to punish David if David breaks this promise” or (2) “May Yahweh destroy the enemies of David.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +1SA 20 16 wvm6 figs-synecdoche 0 May Yahweh require an accounting from the hand of the enemies of David The hand is a synecdoche for the person. This could mean: (1) “May Yahweh use David’s enemies to punish David if David breaks this promise” or (2) “May Yahweh destroy the enemies of David.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 1SA 20 17 l3uj figs-synecdoche 0 he loved him as he loved his own soul Here “his own soul” refers to himself. Alternate translation: “Jonathan loved David as much as he loved himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 1SA 20 18 f5bi figs-activepassive 0 You will be missed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My father will miss you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1SA 20 19 ki6m figs-idiom 0 when the business was in hand Here “business was in hand” is an idiom that refers to when everything happened. Alternate translation: “when everything happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -925,8 +925,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 20 21 qr7r 0 Look “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” 1SA 20 21 qbg1 0 then come “then you, David, come” 1SA 20 22 ch37 0 Connecting Statement: Jonathan continues to speak to David. -1SA 20 23 r1jg 0 see, Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) “we know that Yahweh” or (2) “pay attention because this is important: Yahweh.” -1SA 20 23 hmt6 0 Yahweh is between you and me Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh is a witness between you and me” or “Yahweh will be watching how we treat each other” or (2) “May Yahweh be a witness between you and me” or “May Yahweh watch how we treat each other” +1SA 20 23 r1jg 0 see, Yahweh This could mean: (1) “we know that Yahweh” or (2) “pay attention because this is important: Yahweh.” +1SA 20 23 hmt6 0 Yahweh is between you and me This could mean: (1) “Yahweh is a witness between you and me” or “Yahweh will be watching how we treat each other” or (2) “May Yahweh be a witness between you and me” or “May Yahweh watch how we treat each other” 1SA 20 25 upz8 translate-manuscripts 0 Jonathan stood up Some ancient copies have “Jonathan sat across from him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-manuscripts]]) 1SA 20 26 j8dr 0 He is not clean; surely he is not clean According to the law of Moses, a person who is ceremonially unclean is not to participate in the feast until the priest declares that he is clean. Saul repeats this phrase as if he is trying to convince himself. 1SA 20 28 e5rh 0 asked permission from me to go “asked me to allow him to go” @@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 20 38 s42f 0 called after the young man, “Hurry “called out to the young man, who was running away from him, ‘Hurry” 1SA 20 41 b73c 0 the mound It seems that David had hidden behind a pile of earth or stones. 1SA 20 41 pg9k 0 lay facedown on the ground, and bowed himself three times. David bowed before Jonathan, who was still the King’s son, worthy of such respect. Also, this was the last time David met with Jonathan. -1SA 20 42 t28c 0 May Yahweh be between you and me Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh is a witness between you and me” or “Yahweh will be watching how we treat each other” or (2) “May Yahweh be a witness between you and me” or “May Yahweh watch how we treat each other.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 20:23](../20/23.md). +1SA 20 42 t28c 0 May Yahweh be between you and me This could mean: (1) “Yahweh is a witness between you and me” or “Yahweh will be watching how we treat each other” or (2) “May Yahweh be a witness between you and me” or “May Yahweh watch how we treat each other.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 20:23](../20/23.md). 1SA 21 intro abcl 0 # 1 Samuel 21 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 21:11.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David and the chief priest<br>David visits the chief priest and lies to him about being on a special mission for the king. He asks for food, weapons, and prayer. The chief priest gives him some sacred bread and Goliath’s sword and prays for him.<br><br>### David and the king of Gath<br>David flees to Gath. The advisers to the king tell him that David is almost the king of Israel. David becomes afraid of the king and pretends to be insane.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>The king of Gath’s advisers use two rhetorical questions to warn him about how dangerous David could be: “Is not this David the king of the land? Did they not sing to one another about him in dances, ‘Saul has killed his thousands, and David his ten thousands?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1SA 21 1 sxr5 translate-names 0 Nob This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1SA 21 1 lxn7 translate-names 0 Ahimelech This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -977,7 +977,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 21 11 sc99 figs-rquestion 0 Did they not sing to one another about him in dances, ‘Saul…thousands?’ This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that when the people of the land were dancing, they sang to each other about him, ‘Saul…thousands.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1SA 21 12 rqg7 figs-metonymy 0 David took these words to heart Here “took…to heart” is a metonym to think seriously about what was said. Alternate translation: “David thought seriously about what the servants said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1SA 21 13 ai6n figs-synecdoche 0 in their hands Here “hands” are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “in their presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -1SA 21 14 w6kd figs-rquestion 0 Why have you brought him to me? Possible meanings are (1) Achish demands that his servants explain why they have brought David to him or (2) Achish is scolding them with a rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “You should have known not to bring him to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +1SA 21 14 w6kd figs-rquestion 0 Why have you brought him to me? This could mean: (1) Achish demands that his servants explain why they have brought David to him or (2) Achish is scolding them with a rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “You should have known not to bring him to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1SA 21 15 kl34 figs-rquestion 0 Do I lack madmen, so that you have brought this fellow to behave like one in my presence? This rhetorical question is a rebuke. Alternate translation: “There are enough madmen here who waste my time. You should not have brought this fellow to behave like one in my presence.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1SA 21 15 k152 figs-rquestion 0 Will this fellow really come into my house? This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not allow this fellow to enter my house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1SA 22 intro abcm 0 # 1 Samuel 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>There are two stories in this chapter: David gathering a group of followers and Saul having all the priests and their families killed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David assembles a force of unhappy people<br>David hides in the wilderness, and people in trouble come to him. Soon he has a force of 500 men. The prophet then tells him to leave the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>### Saul and the chief priest’s family<br>Doeg tells Saul that Ahimelech the priest gave David food and a sword and prayed for him. Saul accuses the priests of encouraging David to rebel. This is a serious accusation because the priests are God’s representatives and are rebelling against God’s king if the accusation is true. Saul has the priests and all their families killed except those who escape to David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]]) @@ -994,13 +994,13 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 22 5 xg56 translate-names 0 Hereth This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1SA 22 6 jvw8 figs-activepassive 0 David had been discovered, along with the men who were with him Saul was most interested in David, so the writer mentions the other men separately. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone had discovered where David and all the men who were with him were hiding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1SA 22 6 yk86 translate-unknown 0 the tamarisk tree This is a type of tree. Alternate translation: “a large shade tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -1SA 22 6 bpn2 0 in Ramah Ramah is the name of a place in Gibeah. The name means “high place.” Possible meanings are (1) it refers here to the place called Ramah, or (2) it refers to any high place. Alternate translation: “on a hill” +1SA 22 6 bpn2 0 in Ramah Ramah is the name of a place in Gibeah. The name means “high place.” This could mean: (1) it refers here to the place called Ramah, or (2) it refers to any high place. Alternate translation: “on a hill” 1SA 22 7 h9sv figs-rquestion 0 Will the son of Jesse give every one of you fields and vineyards? Saul uses a question to emphasize that David, who is from the tribe of Judah, does not desire to do this for the people of the tribe of Benjamin. Alternate translation: “The son of Jesse will not give you fields or vineyards.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1SA 22 7 ft1b figs-explicit 0 Will the son of Jesse give The time when he will give can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “When the son of Jesse becomes king, will he give” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1SA 22 7 fhn5 0 the son of Jesse “David” 1SA 22 7 p8rr figs-rquestion 0 Will he make you all captains of thousands and captains of hundreds Saul uses a question to emphasize that David, who is from the tribe of Judah, does not desire to do this for the people of the tribe of Benjamin. Alternate translation: “He will not make you captains of thousands and captains of hundreds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1SA 22 7 hy7f figs-explicit 0 Will he make you all captains You may need to make explicit when he will make them captains. Alternate translation: “When he becomes king, will he make you all captains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -1SA 22 7 ktw6 translate-numbers 0 captains of thousands and captains of hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. Alternate translation: “captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 17:18](../17/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +1SA 22 7 ktw6 translate-numbers 0 captains of thousands and captains of hundreds This could mean: (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. Alternate translation: “captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 17:18](../17/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1SA 22 8 r9wd 0 Connecting Statement: This continues what Saul said to his servants. 1SA 22 9 e96p translate-names 0 Doeg the Edomite This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:7](../21/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1SA 22 9 mj61 translate-names 0 Nob…Ahimelech This is a place name and the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:1](../21/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -1022,10 +1022,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 22 17 nr49 figs-synecdoche 0 their hand also is with David The word “hand” is a metonym for the work done with the hand. Alternate translation: “they also help David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 1SA 22 17 gd4u figs-metonymy 0 would not put out their hand to kill The word “hand” is a metonym for the work done with the hand. Alternate translation: “did not do anything to kill” or “refused to kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1SA 22 18 kxa2 figs-idiom 0 Turn and kill the priests…turned and attacked the priests Here “Turn” means to turn around or turn away from the king. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 22:17](../22/17.md). Alternate translation: “Go and kill the priests…went and attacked” or “Kill the priest…attacked the priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -1SA 22 18 g41e figs-explicit 0 Doeg the Edomite turned and attacked…he killed Possible meanings are (1) Doeg killed all the priests himself or (2) the word “Doeg” is a synecdoche for Doeg and the men who went with him. Alternate translation: “Doeg the Edomite and his men turned and attacked…they killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +1SA 22 18 g41e figs-explicit 0 Doeg the Edomite turned and attacked…he killed This could mean: (1) Doeg killed all the priests himself or (2) the word “Doeg” is a synecdoche for Doeg and the men who went with him. Alternate translation: “Doeg the Edomite and his men turned and attacked…they killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 1SA 22 18 lsc1 translate-names 0 Doeg the Edomite This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:7](../21/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1SA 22 18 c5xv translate-numbers 0 eighty-five persons “85 men” or “85 priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -1SA 22 19 qi5d figs-explicit 0 He also put to the sword…he put to the sword Possible meanings are (1) Doeg killed all the priests himself or (2) the word “Doeg” is a synecdoche for Doeg and the men who went with him. Alternate translation: “They also put to the sword…they put to the sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +1SA 22 19 qi5d figs-explicit 0 He also put to the sword…he put to the sword This could mean: (1) Doeg killed all the priests himself or (2) the word “Doeg” is a synecdoche for Doeg and the men who went with him. Alternate translation: “They also put to the sword…they put to the sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 1SA 22 19 eh6l 0 put to the sword “killed with the sword” 1SA 22 19 ru75 translate-names 0 Nob Nob is the name of a city. Here the name “Nob” represents the people of that city. Alternate translation: “the people in the city of Nob” or “the people of Nob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1SA 22 20 g9ps translate-names 0 Abiathar This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -1098,7 +1098,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 24 14 ng1t figs-rquestion 0 After whom has the king of Israel come out? After whom do you pursue? These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. When David asks the questions, he knows that he will answer the questions himself. Alternate translation: “Let me tell you who the king of Israel has come out after. Let me tell you who it is that you are pursuing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1SA 24 14 jfp1 figs-metaphor 0 After a dead dog The words “dead dog” are a metaphor for a powerless person. This sentence can be made complete. Alternate translation: “You are pursuing a person who is as powerless as a dead dog” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 1SA 24 14 u7sh figs-metaphor 0 After a flea The word “flea” is a metaphor for a person whom others do not consider important. Alternate translation: “You are pursuing a person who is as unimportant as a flea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -1SA 24 15 cbv2 0 see to it, and plead my cause Possible meanings are (1) “do what is right, and plead my cause” or (2) “see that my cause is right and fight for me.” +1SA 24 15 cbv2 0 see to it, and plead my cause This could mean: (1) “do what is right, and plead my cause” or (2) “see that my cause is right and fight for me.” 1SA 24 15 g89c figs-metonymy 0 from your hand The word “hand” is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “so that you have no power over me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1SA 24 16 wzm1 figs-metaphor 0 my son David Saul speaks as if David were his son to show David that he loves him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1SA 24 16 jg3p figs-metaphor 0 lifted up his voice and wept The writer writes as if a voice were something a person could lift up with his hands. Alternate translation: “wept loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1106,7 +1106,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 24 18 p931 0 for you did not kill me when Yahweh had put me at your mercy Saul acknowledges that David chose to show mercy and demonstrated his loyalty to King Saul as Yahweh’s anointed. 1SA 24 19 s8ie figs-rquestion 0 For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go safely? A rhetorical question with the answer included in the question. Alternate translation: “For if a man finds his enemy, he will not let him go safely.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1SA 24 19 p5v5 0 For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go safely? Where Saul had believed David was his enemy, he learns that even though David will be king, David will not take over the throne from Saul by force, but will wait for Yahweh’s appointed time. -1SA 24 20 j61i figs-activepassive 0 the kingdom of Israel will be established in your hand This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) David will cause the kingdom of Israel to prosper through his power as king. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of Israel will prosper as you rule the Israelite people” or (2) Yahweh will cause David to have complete control over the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “you will have complete rule over the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1SA 24 20 j61i figs-activepassive 0 the kingdom of Israel will be established in your hand This can be stated in active form. This could mean: (1) David will cause the kingdom of Israel to prosper through his power as king. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of Israel will prosper as you rule the Israelite people” or (2) Yahweh will cause David to have complete control over the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “you will have complete rule over the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1SA 24 20 ge3u figs-metonymy 0 in your hand The word “hand” is a metonym that represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1SA 24 21 lj2i 0 you will not cut off my descendants after me “you will not kill my sons and their families.” It was common for a new king who was not from the previous family line to kill off all the children of the former king to prevent any of them from challenging him for the throne. 1SA 24 21 hr5u figs-metonymy 0 you will not destroy my name out of my father’s house It is important for each family in Israel to have descendants from generation to generation carrying on the family name and land inheritance. Alternate translation: “you will not destroy my family and descendants” or “you will allow my family to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1160,7 +1160,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 25 18 e7nf 0 parched grain “grain that someone had cooked” 1SA 25 18 twx7 0 clusters of raisins “cakes of raisins” or “masses of raisins” 1SA 25 20 d3l8 0 David and his men “David and his army” -1SA 25 20 wcs5 0 by the cover of the mountain Possible meanings are (1) into a low, narrow stream bed or (2) to where the men were hiding. +1SA 25 20 wcs5 0 by the cover of the mountain This could mean: (1) into a low, narrow stream bed or (2) to where the men were hiding. 1SA 25 21 h5uv writing-background 0 The writer gives background information before he continues with the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) 1SA 25 21 nzw1 0 Now David had said, “Surely…for good. The reader needs to understand that David had said these things before he said, “Every man strap on his sword” in [1 Samuel 25:13](../25/13.md). 1SA 25 21 vv7p 0 Now David The word “Now” shows that the writer has stopped writing about Abigail and started writing about David. @@ -1202,7 +1202,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 25 31 bql2 figs-pronouns 0 my master…himself…my master…your servant Abigail speaks of herself and David as if they are two other people, to show that she respects David. “you…yourself…you…me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) 1SA 25 31 m9fd 0 when Yahweh will do good for my master That is, when Yahweh actually makes him king after Saul’s reign is over. 1SA 25 32 i5t4 0 General Information: David accepts Abigail’s counsel and gifts. -1SA 25 32 ze7a figs-activepassive 0 May Yahweh…be blessed, he who This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “I praise Yahweh…who” or (2) “May all people praise Yahweh…who.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1SA 25 32 ze7a figs-activepassive 0 May Yahweh…be blessed, he who This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) “I praise Yahweh…who” or (2) “May all people praise Yahweh…who.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1SA 25 33 xel2 figs-activepassive 0 Your wisdom is blessed and you are blessed, because This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I thank Yahweh because he has blessed you by making you wise and because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1SA 25 33 m4g6 0 bloodshed murder. The same word appears in [1 Samuel 25:26](../25/26.md). 1SA 25 33 er78 figs-metonymy 0 with my own hand The word “hand” here is a metonym for the action taken by the hand. Alternate translation: “by my own actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1216,9 +1216,9 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 25 37 u2tf 0 the wine had gone out of Nabal Nabal was no longer drunk and so was no longer feeling happy. 1SA 25 37 g4h6 0 his heart died within him Nabal was unable to move because was so afraid that he was no longer physically healthy, probably because he had suffered a stroke. 1SA 25 39 y8vj 0 General Information: David offers to protect Abigail by marrying her. -1SA 25 39 ir6z figs-activepassive 0 May Yahweh be blessed This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 25:32](../25/32.md). Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “I praise Yahweh” or (2) Alternate translation: “May all people praise Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1SA 25 39 ir6z figs-activepassive 0 May Yahweh be blessed This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 25:32](../25/32.md). This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “I praise Yahweh” or (2) Alternate translation: “May all people praise Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1SA 25 39 j9hl figs-idiom 0 has taken up the cause of my insult from the hand of Nabal This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “has defended me after Nabal insulted me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -1SA 25 39 n5td figs-activepassive 0 has taken up the cause of my insult The abstract nouns “cause” and “insult” can be translated as verbs. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “has shown that what I was doing was right by punishing Nabal for insulting me” or (2) Alternate translation: “has acted, when Nabal insulted me, as if Nabal had insulted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1SA 25 39 n5td figs-activepassive 0 has taken up the cause of my insult The abstract nouns “cause” and “insult” can be translated as verbs. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “has shown that what I was doing was right by punishing Nabal for insulting me” or (2) Alternate translation: “has acted, when Nabal insulted me, as if Nabal had insulted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1SA 25 39 w9kj figs-pronouns 0 has kept back his servant from evil David speaks as if he were another person to show his respect for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “has kept me back from doing evil deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) 1SA 25 39 cq6p figs-abstractnouns 0 has turned Nabal’s evil action back on his own head The abstract noun “action” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “has done to Nabal what Nabal planned to do to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 1SA 25 39 lb46 figs-synecdoche 0 on his own head The head is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) @@ -1261,12 +1261,12 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 26 14 i2zz 0 David shouted “David spoke as loudly as he could” so Saul and his men could hear him 1SA 26 15 e3xd figs-rquestion 0 Are not you a courageous man? David uses a question to rebuke Abner for not guarding Saul. Alternate translation: “You are a very brave man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1SA 26 15 it27 figs-rquestion 0 Who is like you in Israel? David uses a question to rebuke Abner for not guarding Saul. Alternate translation: “You are the greatest soldier in Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -1SA 26 15 b9q7 figs-rquestion 0 Why then have you not kept watch over your master the king? Possible meanings are (1) this is a real question and David wants Abner to answer him or (2) this is a rhetorical question and David is rebuking Abner. Alternate translation: “Therefore you should have kept watch over your master the king!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +1SA 26 15 b9q7 figs-rquestion 0 Why then have you not kept watch over your master the king? This could mean: (1) this is a real question and David wants Abner to answer him or (2) this is a rhetorical question and David is rebuking Abner. Alternate translation: “Therefore you should have kept watch over your master the king!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1SA 26 17 d5y6 figs-metaphor 0 my son Saul was not David’s true father. Saul speaks as if he were David’s father to show David that he wants David to trust and respect him as David would trust and respect his own father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -1SA 26 18 n2yf figs-rquestion 0 Why does my master pursue his servant? Possible meanings are (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or (2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “My master has no reason to pursue his servant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +1SA 26 18 n2yf figs-rquestion 0 Why does my master pursue his servant? This could mean: (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or (2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “My master has no reason to pursue his servant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1SA 26 18 ah3m figs-123person 0 Why does my master pursue his servant? Here David speaks of Saul in third person calling him “my master,” and he speaks of himself in third person calling himself “his servant.” David speaks this way to show respect to Saul. Alternate translation: “Why are you, my master, pursuing me, your servant?” or “Why are you pursuing me?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -1SA 26 18 ljv3 figs-rquestion 0 What have I done? Possible meanings are (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or (2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that I have done nothing to harm you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -1SA 26 18 q2fg figs-metonymy 0 What evil is in my hand? This speaks of evil as if it were an object that is held in the hand. Here “hand” represents a person acting or doing something. Possible meanings are (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question. Alternate translation: “What have I done wrong?” or (2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done nothing wrong!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +1SA 26 18 ljv3 figs-rquestion 0 What have I done? This could mean: (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or (2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that I have done nothing to harm you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +1SA 26 18 q2fg figs-metonymy 0 What evil is in my hand? This speaks of evil as if it were an object that is held in the hand. Here “hand” represents a person acting or doing something. This could mean: (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question. Alternate translation: “What have I done wrong?” or (2) this rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done nothing wrong!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1SA 26 19 xsj9 figs-pronouns 0 you, let my master the king listen to the words of his servant David speaks as if he and the king were other people to show respect to Saul. Alternate translation: “you my king, listen to my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) 1SA 26 19 xi81 0 stirred you up against me “caused you to be angry with me” 1SA 26 19 sn5d figs-explicit 0 let him accept an offering You may need to make explicit the reason he will give an offering. Alternate translation: “I will give him an offering so he will no longer cause you to be angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -1277,7 +1277,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 26 20 dm6i figs-euphemism 0 do not let my blood fall to the earth This is a polite way of saying “do not kill me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 1SA 26 20 km1g figs-metaphor 0 the one flea David uses the word “flea” as a metaphor for a person, himself, who cannot do any great harm. Alternate translation: “this single flea” or “me, and I cannot harm you any more than one flea can” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1SA 26 20 ua6e figs-simile 0 as when one hunts a partridge in the mountains Saul is chasing David as if he were hunting a valuable wild bird. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -1SA 26 21 w8jk 0 Return Possible meanings are (1) “Return to serve me in my palace” or (2) “Return to your home.” +1SA 26 21 w8jk 0 Return This could mean: (1) “Return to serve me in my palace” or (2) “Return to your home.” 1SA 26 21 l7a6 figs-metaphor 0 my son Saul was not David’s true father. Saul speaks as if he were David’s father to show David that he wants David to trust and respect him as David would trust and respect his own father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1SA 26 21 sy9u figs-metaphor 0 my life was precious in your eyes today Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “today you have considered my life to be very valuable” or “today you showed me that you really do respect me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1SA 26 21 zs9x 0 played the fool “been very foolish” @@ -1338,7 +1338,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 28 8 mj1t 0 Divine for me…with a spirit “Talk to the dead for me” 1SA 28 9 qv53 0 those who talk with the dead or with spirits The words “those who talk with the dead” translate as one word in the original language, and the words “those who…talk with spirits” also translate as one word in the original language. If your language has one word for those who talk with the dead and one word for those who talk with spirits, or if your language has only one word for those who talk with the dead and with spirits, you should use those words here. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 28:3](../28/03.md). 1SA 28 9 fdu8 figs-synecdoche 0 my life The word “life” represents the person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -1SA 28 13 bz39 0 a god Other possible meanings are (1) “one like God” or (2) “a judge” ([1 Samuel 7:15](../07/15.md)). +1SA 28 13 bz39 0 a god Other This could mean: (1) “one like God” or (2) “a judge” ([1 Samuel 7:15](../07/15.md)). 1SA 28 17 wpr2 figs-metaphor 0 torn the kingdom out of your hand Samuel speaks as if the kingdom were a physical object that could be held in the hand and grabbed out by another person. Alternate translation: “made you so you are no longer king” or “made another person king in your place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1SA 28 19 wl9u figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh will give Israel along with you into the hand of the Philistines Samuel speaks as if the people of Israel were a small object that Yahweh would give to the Philistines, whom he speaks of as if they were one person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will allow the Philistines to do whatever they want to do to you and the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1SA 28 19 i48b figs-euphemism 0 will be with me This is a polite way to say that Saul will die. Alternate translation: “will be dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) @@ -1371,7 +1371,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 30 intro abcu 0 # 1 Samuel 30 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David fights the Amalekites<br>When David and his men arrive home, they find the Amalekites have raided Ziklag and taken everything. They catch and destroy them and bring back all of their goods and families. Then David sends gifts to all the cities in Judah through which they had traveled. 1SA 30 1 u6dp 0 Ziklag Ziklag is a city in the southern part of Judah. This was where David and his men kept their families. 1SA 30 2 i8bg 0 they the Amalekites -1SA 30 2 l5au 0 both small and great Possible meanings are (1) “both unimportant people and important people” or (2) “both physically small and physically large.” +1SA 30 2 l5au 0 both small and great This could mean: (1) “both unimportant people and important people” or (2) “both physically small and physically large.” 1SA 30 3 tr67 0 their wives…sons…daughters belonging to David and his men 1SA 30 3 hh3k figs-activepassive 0 it was burned, and their wives…daughters were taken captive This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they saw that someone had burned it and taken their wives…captive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1SA 30 4 i5ts 0 the people that were with him These were mainly his army of men. @@ -1381,7 +1381,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 30 5 acw2 translate-names 0 Ahinoam…Abigail women’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1SA 30 6 e6z1 0 distressed suffering 1SA 30 6 q4yw figs-synecdoche 0 all the people were bitter in spirit The word “bitter” is a metaphor for the desire to rebel. The word “spirit” is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “all the people were ready to rebel against David” or “all the people were very unhappy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -1SA 30 6 plf4 0 David strengthened himself in Yahweh, his God Possible meanings are (1) “David took courage because he knew Yahweh his God would help him” or (2) “Yahweh his God made David strong.” +1SA 30 6 plf4 0 David strengthened himself in Yahweh, his God This could mean: (1) “David took courage because he knew Yahweh his God would help him” or (2) “Yahweh his God made David strong.” 1SA 30 7 na36 0 General Information: David seeks Yahweh’s direction in dealing with the raid on his people. 1SA 30 8 l4pe figs-abstractnouns 0 David prayed to Yahweh for direction The abstract noun “direction” can be translated as a clause. Alternate translation: “David prayed that Yahweh would tell David what David should do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 1SA 30 8 a2ps 0 pursue chase and try to catch @@ -1405,7 +1405,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1SA 30 18 gv1e 0 recovered…rescued “got back…got back.” These two words translate the same Hebrew word. Your language may also have a word for a person getting his own property back from the person who stole it that is different from the word for a person getting his wife back from those who have captured her. 1SA 30 18 zen4 0 rescued his two wives “got his two wives back” or “saved his two wives from danger” 1SA 30 19 f95n 0 Nothing was missing “None of the items the Amalekites had stolen were lost” -1SA 30 19 h16q 0 neither small nor great Possible meanings are (1) “neither unimportant people nor important people” or (2) “neither physically small nor physically large.” See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 30:2](../30/02.md). +1SA 30 19 h16q 0 neither small nor great This could mean: (1) “neither unimportant people nor important people” or (2) “neither physically small nor physically large.” See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 30:2](../30/02.md). 1SA 30 19 we47 0 booty goods that the Amelekites had stolen. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:16](../30/16.md). 1SA 30 21 r2q2 translate-numbers 0 two hundred 200 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1SA 30 21 e3fw translate-names 0 the brook Besor a small stream or creek named Besor. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:9](../30/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/en_tn_10-2SA.tsv b/en_tn_10-2SA.tsv index 4a1f3e23d0..6218c3aeb7 100644 --- a/en_tn_10-2SA.tsv +++ b/en_tn_10-2SA.tsv @@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2SA 1 2 vci9 translate-ordinal 0 On the third day “After three days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) 2SA 1 2 v6vv translate-symaction 0 with his clothes torn and with dirt on his head In this culture, tearing one’s own clothes and putting dirt on one’s head was an act of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 2SA 1 2 js3t translate-symaction 0 he lay facedown on the ground and prostrated himself This was an act of showing submission to David, who was now the king of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -2SA 1 4 j45j 0 Many have fallen and many are dead Possible meanings are (1) “Many were wounded and many were killed” or (2) “Many were wounded and killed.” +2SA 1 4 j45j 0 Many have fallen and many are dead This could mean: (1) “Many were wounded and many were killed” or (2) “Many were wounded and killed.” 2SA 1 6 uks7 0 By chance I happened to be This statement emphasizes that the man did not plan to meet Saul. -2SA 1 6 g386 figs-euphemism 0 Saul was leaning on his spear Possible meanings are (1) Saul was weak and using the spear to support himself or (2) Saul was attempting to kill himself by falling on his own spear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +2SA 1 6 g386 figs-euphemism 0 Saul was leaning on his spear This could mean: (1) Saul was weak and using the spear to support himself or (2) Saul was attempting to kill himself by falling on his own spear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 2SA 1 8 x88n figs-quotations 0 He said to me, ‘Who are you?’ I answered him, ‘I am an Amalekite.’ These direct quotations could be stated as indirect speech. Alternate translation: “He asked me who I was, and I told him that I am an Amalekite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) 2SA 1 8 nvy8 0 I am an Amalekite These are the same people David just finishing attacking in [2 Samuel 1:1](../01/01.md). 2SA 1 9 t8ly figs-personification 0 great suffering has taken hold of me Saul’s suffering is spoken of as something terrible that has grabbed hold of him. Alternate translation: “I am suffering terribly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) @@ -128,12 +128,12 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2SA 3 8 jcd6 figs-rquestion 0 Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? This question is used by Abner as an angry denial of Ishbosheth’s accusation. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not a traitor working for David!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 2SA 3 8 rjr7 figs-metaphor 0 Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? Abner speaks of himself as the head of a dog, which the Israelites considered to be loyal to anyone who fed them. Here “belongs to Judah” implies that Abner’s loyalty is to Judah, to which David belonged, and not to Saul’s house. Alternate translation: “Am I a traitor for Judah?” or “I am not a traitor working for David!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2SA 3 8 jb39 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of David Here “hand” represents the power to defeat. Alternate translation: “to be defeated by David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -2SA 3 8 lub9 figs-rquestion 0 But now you accuse me of an offense concerning this woman? Abner asks this question to rebuke Ishbosheth. It is unclear if Abner actually slept with Rizpah, or if he was falsely accused. Possible meanings are (1) Abner was guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not be upset that I slept with this woman!” or (2) Abner was not guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not think that I have slept with this woman!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +2SA 3 8 lub9 figs-rquestion 0 But now you accuse me of an offense concerning this woman? Abner asks this question to rebuke Ishbosheth. It is unclear if Abner actually slept with Rizpah, or if he was falsely accused. This could mean: (1) Abner was guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not be upset that I slept with this woman!” or (2) Abner was not guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not think that I have slept with this woman!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 2SA 3 9 a45s 0 May God do so to me…and more also, if I do not This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. Abner is asking God to judge him severely if he does not keep his vow. Your language may have a way of expressing vows. Alternate translation: “I am asking God to punish me if I do not” 2SA 3 10 h7qr 0 the house of Saul Here “house” refers to Saul’s family and supporters who survived Saul’s death. Alternate translation: “the family and supporters of Saul” 2SA 3 10 m8b2 figs-metonymy 0 throne of David This phrase refers to the authority of David as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2SA 3 12 y24c translate-textvariants 0 to David Some versions add “when he was at Hebron” and others do not. You may want to add the phrase if it is present in your national version. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) -2SA 3 12 alc7 figs-rquestion 0 Whose land is this? The original text of this question is not clear. Possible meanings are (1) Abner had the power to give the land to David. Alternate translation: “This land is mine!” or (2) David is chosen by God to rule the land: Alternate translation: “This land rightfully belongs to you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +2SA 3 12 alc7 figs-rquestion 0 Whose land is this? The original text of this question is not clear. This could mean: (1) Abner had the power to give the land to David. Alternate translation: “This land is mine!” or (2) David is chosen by God to rule the land: Alternate translation: “This land rightfully belongs to you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 2SA 3 12 mm4s figs-metonymy 0 my hand is with you Here “hand” represents Abner’s assistance that he is offering to David. Alternate translation: “I will assist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2SA 3 13 r77z figs-synecdoche 0 you cannot see my face unless you first bring Michal David is stating the condition under which he will meet Abner. Here “face” refers to David himself. Alternate translation: “you cannot see me unless you bring Michal to me first” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 2SA 3 13 mks3 translate-names 0 Michal This is the name of a daughter of Saul. She was David’s first wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2SA 5 6 j73y 0 You will not come here except to be turned away by the blind and the lame This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “If you come here, even the blind and the lame will be able to turn you away” 2SA 5 6 m16b figs-nominaladj 0 the blind and the lame Here “the blind” and “the lame” are nominal adjectives. Alternate translation: “those people who cannot see and those who cannot walk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) 2SA 5 8 c5p9 0 David said, “Those who attack the Jebusites David was speaking to his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David said to his soldiers, ‘Those who want to get rid of the Jebus people” -2SA 5 8 z3vc figs-metonymy 0 The ‘blind and the lame’ Possible meanings are (1) this refers to people who are truly lame and blind or (2) this is a metonym that speaks about the Jebusites inside the city of Jerusalem as if they were all weak and handicapped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +2SA 5 8 z3vc figs-metonymy 0 The ‘blind and the lame’ This could mean: (1) this refers to people who are truly lame and blind or (2) this is a metonym that speaks about the Jebusites inside the city of Jerusalem as if they were all weak and handicapped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2SA 5 11 m9gy translate-names 0 Hiram This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2SA 5 11 fv7z 0 carpenters those who work with wood 2SA 5 11 s2rm 0 masons those who work with stone or brick @@ -689,7 +689,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2SA 14 9 uik4 figs-explicit 0 are guiltless “are innocent.” This implies that in the future if anyone accuses the king of wrongdoing, he will be innocent in the matter. Alternate translation: “will be innocent regarding the matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2SA 14 10 fz7h figs-synecdoche 0 says anything to you Here speaking threats is spoken of as speaking in general. Alternate translation: “threatens you” or “speaks threats to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 2SA 14 10 pq9j figs-metaphor 0 he will not touch you anymore Here David speaks of a person not threatening or hurting her, by saying that the person would not touch her. It is implied that David will not allow the person threatening her to bother her again. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “I will make sure he does not threaten you again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -2SA 14 11 jfs2 figs-idiom 0 Please, may the king call to mind Yahweh your God Possible meanings are (1) The phrase “call to mind” is an idiom meaning to pray. Alternate translation: “Please, pray to Yahweh your God” or (2) Here “call to mind” means to remember and it is implied that after he remembers Yahweh he will promise in his name. Alternate translation: “Please promise in the name of Yahweh your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +2SA 14 11 jfs2 figs-idiom 0 Please, may the king call to mind Yahweh your God This could mean: (1) The phrase “call to mind” is an idiom meaning to pray. Alternate translation: “Please, pray to Yahweh your God” or (2) Here “call to mind” means to remember and it is implied that after he remembers Yahweh he will promise in his name. Alternate translation: “Please promise in the name of Yahweh your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2SA 14 11 xm1u figs-explicit 0 the avenger of blood This refers to the man who wants to avenge the death of the dead brother. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the man who wants to avenge my son’s brother’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2SA 14 11 ez62 0 destroy anyone further “cause anyone else to die.” This is in addition to the brother who already died. 2SA 14 11 yv76 0 that they will not destroy my son “that they will not kill my son” or “that they will not execute my son” @@ -955,7 +955,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2SA 17 29 hpg5 0 thirsty in need of water or some other drink 2SA 18 intro abci 0 # 2 Samuel 18 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter tells of the defeat and death of Absalom, ending this section on Absalom’s rebellion.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David’s mercy<br>David reorganized his army and sent them out to battle, but told them to be merciful to Absalom. When David’s army defeated Absalom’s army, Absalom fled on a mule, but his hair caught in a tree limb and the mule ran on, leaving him hanging. One of David’s soldiers saw him and told Joab. Joab went and killed him. When David heard about this he mourned for his son, Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) 2SA 18 1 y2u4 figs-metonymy 0 David counted the soldiers who were with him and appointed David did not count all of the people himself, rather other men counted them. Alternate translation: “David commanded for the soldiers who were with him to be counted and he appointed” or “David arranged the soldiers who were with him and appointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -2SA 18 1 qt9x translate-numbers 0 captains of thousands and captains of hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. Alternate translation: “captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +2SA 18 1 qt9x translate-numbers 0 captains of thousands and captains of hundreds This could mean: (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. Alternate translation: “captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 2SA 18 1 pa96 0 captains A captain is a person who is in authority over a group of soldiers. 2SA 18 2 x31q translate-fraction 0 one-third…another third “one-third of the army…another third of the army.” A “third” is one part out of three equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) 2SA 18 2 lu6k translate-names 0 Abishai…Zeruiah See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -1256,7 +1256,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2SA 22 12 mit5 figs-metaphor 0 rain clouds in the skies David describes Yahweh’s way of saving David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes God’s power and his anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2SA 22 12 ee39 figs-metaphor 0 He made darkness a tent around him Here the darkness Yahweh creates is compared to a tent which hides him completely. Alternate translation: “He hid himself in the darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2SA 22 13 x4bf figs-parallelism 0 General Information: David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -2SA 22 13 t957 0 From the lightning before him coals of fire fell Possible meanings are (1) “Out of his bright light he sent burning coals” or (2) “From his brightness he sent lightning” +2SA 22 13 t957 0 From the lightning before him coals of fire fell This could mean: (1) “Out of his bright light he sent burning coals” or (2) “From his brightness he sent lightning” 2SA 22 13 g4lk figs-metaphor 0 From the lightning before him David continues describing Yahweh, whom he compares to a storm, coming to save him from his enemies. This emphasizes God’s power and anger towards David’s enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2SA 22 14 d4ht figs-personification 0 The Most High shouted. David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 2SA 22 15 h783 figs-personification 0 He shot arrows David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) @@ -1312,7 +1312,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2SA 22 40 u95h 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh. 2SA 22 40 k5cg figs-simile 0 You put strength on me like a belt for battle Here the strength that Yahweh gives is compared to a belt for battle that allowed David to do mighty things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 2SA 22 40 ea24 0 you put under me those who rise up against me “you helped me defeat those who fought against me” -2SA 22 41 p97v 0 the back of my enemies’ necks Possible meanings are (1) David seeing the backs of the enemy as they run away or (2) David putting his foot on the back of his enemy’s neck after he defeats him. +2SA 22 41 p97v 0 the back of my enemies’ necks This could mean: (1) David seeing the backs of the enemy as they run away or (2) David putting his foot on the back of his enemy’s neck after he defeats him. 2SA 22 41 ip4h 0 I annihilated “I completely destroyed” 2SA 22 42 a9ti 0 General Information: David continues his song to Yahweh. 2SA 22 42 h32w 0 They cried “My enemies cried” diff --git a/en_tn_11-1KI.tsv b/en_tn_11-1KI.tsv index af7f24d708..2ddcf313eb 100644 --- a/en_tn_11-1KI.tsv +++ b/en_tn_11-1KI.tsv @@ -79,14 +79,14 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1KI 1 38 nk4t translate-names 0 Kerethites…Pelethites These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1KI 1 38 t1rd translate-names 0 Gihon This is the name of a spring, where fresh water comes out of the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1KI 1 39 l324 0 took the horn of oil out of the tent This means the priest took the special animal horn filled with olive oil that was kept in Yahweh’s special tent. -1KI 1 39 v593 0 took the horn of oil Possible meanings are (1) the horn of an animal filled with olive oil or (2) a container that had replaced the original horn, but the people still called it a horn. Alternate translation: “took a container of oil” +1KI 1 39 v593 0 took the horn of oil This could mean: (1) the horn of an animal filled with olive oil or (2) a container that had replaced the original horn, but the people still called it a horn. Alternate translation: “took a container of oil” 1KI 1 39 uf1x figs-hyperbole 0 all the people This is a generalization. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 1KI 1 41 qc57 0 General Information: Adonijah hears the loud noise and waits for the news. 1KI 1 43 m386 0 General Information: Adonijah learns that Solomon is the new king. 1KI 1 44 bah7 translate-names 0 Kerethites…Pelethites These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1KI 1 46 lbn6 0 General Information: Jonathan continues to speak to Adonijah about Solomon. -1KI 1 46 nz69 figs-metonymy 0 is sitting on the throne of the kingdom Possible meanings are (1) that these words are a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:35](../01/35.md). Alternate translation: “is now king” or (2) that Solomon was physically sitting on the physical throne. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -1KI 1 48 v2c2 figs-metonymy 0 a person to sit on my throne this day Possible meanings are (1) that these words are a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:35](../01/35.md). Alternate translation: “a person to be king today as I was” or (2) that Solomon was physically sitting on the physical throne. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +1KI 1 46 nz69 figs-metonymy 0 is sitting on the throne of the kingdom This could mean: (1) that these words are a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:35](../01/35.md). Alternate translation: “is now king” or (2) that Solomon was physically sitting on the physical throne. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +1KI 1 48 v2c2 figs-metonymy 0 a person to sit on my throne this day This could mean: (1) that these words are a metonym for being king. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 1:35](../01/35.md). Alternate translation: “a person to be king today as I was” or (2) that Solomon was physically sitting on the physical throne. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1KI 1 49 k3ln 0 General Information: Adonijah becomes terrified of King Solomon. 1KI 1 49 iqg3 figs-idiom 0 They stood up Another possible meaning is “They began to act quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1KI 1 50 lg7j 0 Adonijah…took hold of the horns of the altar The “horns of the altar” symbolized the strength and protection of Yahweh, but because Adonijah literally went into the area of the physical tent to take literal hold of the physical horns, you should translate this literally. @@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1KI 2 4 j114 figs-metonymy 0 you will never cease to have a man on the throne of Israel The word “throne” is a metonym for the king who sits on the throne. The litotes “will never cease to have” can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “your descendants will never cease to be kings of Israel” or “one of your descendants will always be the king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) 1KI 2 5 ypg2 0 General Information: King David continues to tell Solomon how to lead Israel. 1KI 2 5 vc4k 0 what Joab…did to me, and what he did David is referring to the same thing twice. Alternate translation: “what Joab…did to me—that is, what he did” -1KI 2 5 dfd6 figs-metonymy 0 shed the blood of war in peace Possible meanings are (1) “killed those men during a time of peace as if he were killing them in war” or (2) “took revenge on those men during a time of peace because they had killed people in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -1KI 2 5 x43i figs-metonymy 0 put the blood of war on the belt around his waist and on the shoes on his feet Possible meanings are (1) Joab was close enough to these men when he killed them that their blood spattered on his belt and on his sandals or (2) the word “blood” is a metonym for guilt of murder, and the belt and the shoes are metonyms for Joab’s authority as commander, so David is saying that because Joab is guilty of murder, he should not be commander of the army. Either way, it is best to translate this literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +1KI 2 5 dfd6 figs-metonymy 0 shed the blood of war in peace This could mean: (1) “killed those men during a time of peace as if he were killing them in war” or (2) “took revenge on those men during a time of peace because they had killed people in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +1KI 2 5 x43i figs-metonymy 0 put the blood of war on the belt around his waist and on the shoes on his feet This could mean: (1) Joab was close enough to these men when he killed them that their blood spattered on his belt and on his sandals or (2) the word “blood” is a metonym for guilt of murder, and the belt and the shoes are metonyms for Joab’s authority as commander, so David is saying that because Joab is guilty of murder, he should not be commander of the army. Either way, it is best to translate this literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1KI 2 6 hm11 figs-metonymy 0 do not let his gray head go down to the grave in peace Here being old is represented by having gray hair, that is, a “gray head.” Alternate translation: “make sure Joab dies a violent death before he grows old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1KI 2 7 d2gq 0 General Information: King David continues to tell Solomon how to lead Israel. 1KI 2 7 p85c translate-names 0 Barzillai a man’s name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1KI 2 41 mvk6 figs-activepassive 0 Solomon was told This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone told Solomon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1KI 2 42 c16y figs-rquestion 0 Did I not make you swear…saying, ‘Know…die’? Solomon is reminding Shimei of what Shimei had promised. Alternate translation: “You know very well that I made you swear…saying, ‘Know…die’!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1KI 2 43 bt3j 0 General Information: King Solomon pronounces judgment upon Shimei for leaving Jerusalem. -1KI 2 43 pue7 figs-rquestion 0 Why then have you not kept your oath…you? Possible meanings are (1) Solomon is asking for an answer or (2) Alternate translation: “You have done wrong by breaking your oath…you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +1KI 2 43 pue7 figs-rquestion 0 Why then have you not kept your oath…you? This could mean: (1) Solomon is asking for an answer or (2) Alternate translation: “You have done wrong by breaking your oath…you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1KI 2 44 f7q3 figs-synecdoche 0 will return your wickedness on your own head Here the head represents the person, and wickedness is spoken of as if it were a solid or liquid that could be put on a person’s head. Alternate translation: “will hold you responsible for all your wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 1KI 2 45 r843 0 General Information: King Solomon orders Shimei to be put to death. 1KI 2 45 fx8t figs-metonymy 0 the throne of David will be established before Yahweh forever Here “throne of David” represents the authority and rule of David and all his descendants forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1KI 6 11 czi8 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to Solomon, saying, The idiom “The word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Solomon. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Solomon:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1KI 6 12 vb8r figs-metonymy 0 which you are building Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. Alternate translation: “which you are having your workers build” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1KI 6 12 af43 figs-metaphor 0 walk in my statutes The word “walk” is a metaphor for “live” or “obey.” Alternate translation: “continually obey all my statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -1KI 6 12 qx38 0 do justice Possible meanings are (1) “carry out all of my laws” or (2) “treat the people whom you are ruling justly.” +1KI 6 12 qx38 0 do justice This could mean: (1) “carry out all of my laws” or (2) “treat the people whom you are ruling justly.” 1KI 6 12 g495 figs-parallelism 0 keep all my commandments and walk in them These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the importance of obeying God’s commandments. AT “carefully obey all I tell you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 1KI 6 12 x4rb 0 I will confirm my promise with you that I had made to David your father “I will do everything I promised David your father that I would do for you” 1KI 6 14 k3ad figs-metonymy 0 Solomon Solomon would have commanded his workers to do the building. Alternate translation: “Solomon’s workers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1KI 7 6 nzf9 0 portico an area of a building made of columns and a roof that leads to and connects with the building’s entrance door. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:3](../06/03.md) 1KI 7 7 u94c 0 General Information: The author writes about the hall of the throne. 1KI 7 7 t73g figs-metonymy 0 Solomon built Solomon would have commanded his workers to do this work. Alternate translation: “Solomon had them build” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -1KI 7 7 ksi3 0 the hall of the throne Possible meanings are (1) “the house in which he was going to place his throne” or (2) “a house named The King’s Chair House” +1KI 7 7 ksi3 0 the hall of the throne This could mean: (1) “the house in which he was going to place his throne” or (2) “a house named The King’s Chair House” 1KI 7 7 va4a figs-activepassive 0 It was covered with cedar This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The workers covered the floor with cedar wood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1KI 7 7 h3cp 0 from floor to floor This refers to the entire floor. Alternate translation: “from one wall to the other” 1KI 7 8 vv7n 0 General Information: The author continues to write about the palace area. @@ -613,15 +613,15 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1KI 8 32 mt2d figs-synecdoche 0 upon his own head Here “head” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 1KI 8 32 ls6h 0 give to him according to his righteousness “to give him what he deserves because he is righteous” 1KI 8 33 sjq6 figs-activepassive 0 your people Israel are defeated by an enemy This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “an enemy defeats your people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -1KI 8 33 kus8 0 confess your name Possible meanings are (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.” +1KI 8 33 kus8 0 confess your name This could mean: (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.” 1KI 8 33 axr3 figs-abstractnouns 0 request forgiveness from you The abstract noun “forgiveness” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “ask you to forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 1KI 8 35 ij63 figs-metaphor 0 the skies are shut up and there is no rain The sky is spoken of as if it were a building in which God stores the rain. Alternate translation: “you do not allow rain to fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -1KI 8 35 gf9v 0 confess your name Possible meanings are (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.” See how you translated this in [1 Kings 8:33](../08/33.md). +1KI 8 35 gf9v 0 confess your name This could mean: (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.” See how you translated this in [1 Kings 8:33](../08/33.md). 1KI 8 36 uz9g figs-metaphor 0 in which they should walk The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “that they should live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1KI 8 37 e7f8 0 blight or mildew These are agricultural terms that refer to the death of crops from either too little or too much rain, respectively. 1KI 8 37 c2vc 0 locusts or caterpillars A “locust” is a type of grasshopper that causes destruction by eating crops. The word “caterpillar” refers to an early growth stage of the locust. 1KI 8 38 li44 figs-doublet 0 prayers and requests The words “prayer” and “request” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the person is sincere as he makes his request. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 8:28](../08/28.md). Alternate translation: “requests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -1KI 8 38 kwn9 figs-metaphor 0 knowing the plague in his own heart Possible meanings are (1) The person’s sin is spoken of as if it were a plague. Alternate translation: “knowing the sin in his own heart” or (2) The “plague” is a metonym for the sins that the disasters are a punishment for. Alternate translation: “knowing in his heart that the plague is the result of his own sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +1KI 8 38 kwn9 figs-metaphor 0 knowing the plague in his own heart This could mean: (1) The person’s sin is spoken of as if it were a plague. Alternate translation: “knowing the sin in his own heart” or (2) The “plague” is a metonym for the sins that the disasters are a punishment for. Alternate translation: “knowing in his heart that the plague is the result of his own sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1KI 8 43 vt9q figs-activepassive 0 this house I have built is called by your name The phrase “is called by your name” shows that God possesses and owns the house. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you own this house that I have built” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1KI 8 44 ha7r figs-hypo 0 Suppose that your people go out…suppose that they pray When Solomon was speaking, these hypothetical situations had not happened, but Solomon knew that they might happen in the future. Use the form in your language for talking about events that have not happened but might happen in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) 1KI 8 44 vjp7 figs-metonymy 0 for your name The word “name” is a metonym for the person, and “for…name” refers to worshiping the person. See how you translated similar words in [1 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “in which people will worship you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -681,21 +681,21 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1KI 9 13 g2mb figs-activepassive 0 which they are still called today This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and people still call them that today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1KI 9 14 ppd5 translate-numbers 0 120 talents of gold “one hundred and twenty talents of gold.” A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “about 4,000 kilograms of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) 1KI 9 15 yc64 0 the account of the forced labor which King Solomon imposed “the account of Solomon requiring men to work” -1KI 9 15 xw7y 0 the Millo Possible meanings are (1) “the terrace system” or (2) “the landfill.” +1KI 9 15 xw7y 0 the Millo This could mean: (1) “the terrace system” or (2) “the landfill.” 1KI 9 16 g237 figs-metonymy 0 Pharaoh king of Egypt had gone up The person is a metonym for the army he commands. Alternate translation: “The army of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, had gone up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1KI 9 17 u6mz figs-synecdoche 0 So Solomon rebuilt Gezer It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 1KI 9 22 j3hj 0 Solomon made no forced laborers of the people of Israel “Solomon did not force the people of Israel to labor” 1KI 9 23 ql3d translate-numbers 0 550 of them “five hundred and fifty of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -1KI 9 24 yuq9 0 built the Millo Possible meanings are (1) “built the terrace system” or (2) “built the landfill.” See how you translated “the Millo” in [1 Kings 9:15](../09/15.md). +1KI 9 24 yuq9 0 built the Millo This could mean: (1) “built the terrace system” or (2) “built the landfill.” See how you translated “the Millo” in [1 Kings 9:15](../09/15.md). 1KI 9 25 z3be 0 altar that was before Yahweh See how you translated this phrase in [1 Kings 8:64](../08/64.md). 1KI 9 25 yqb6 figs-metonymy 0 So he completed the temple Solomon is a metonym for the workers he hired to do the work. Alternate translation: “So his workers completed the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1KI 9 26 k7ed figs-synecdoche 0 King Solomon built It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 1KI 9 26 f1yt 0 a fleet of ships “a large group of ships” 1KI 9 28 sv65 translate-numbers 0 420 talents of gold “four hundred and twenty talents of gold.” A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “about 14,000 kilograms of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) 1KI 10 intro abca 0 # 1 Kings 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>There are two parts to this chapter: The fame of Solomon’s wisdom and the wealth of his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>==Queen of Sheba ==<br>King Solomon became so famous for his wisdom that the queen of Sheba (modern day Yemen) came all the way to see him and was deeply impressed. God promised him great wealth and he became famously rich. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) -1KI 10 1 ll43 figs-metonymy 0 Solomon’s fame concerning the name of Yahweh Here Yahweh is represented by his “name.” Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “Solomon’s fame, which glorified Yahweh” or (2) Alternate translation: “Solomon’s fame, which Yahweh had given him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +1KI 10 1 ll43 figs-metonymy 0 Solomon’s fame concerning the name of Yahweh Here Yahweh is represented by his “name.” This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “Solomon’s fame, which glorified Yahweh” or (2) Alternate translation: “Solomon’s fame, which Yahweh had given him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1KI 10 2 ktj1 figs-hyperbole 0 all that was in her heart This is a generalization. Alternate translation: “everything she wanted to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -1KI 10 5 cyv4 0 the seating of his servants Possible meanings are (1) “how his servants were seated around the table” or (2) “where his servants lived.” +1KI 10 5 cyv4 0 the seating of his servants This could mean: (1) “how his servants were seated around the table” or (2) “where his servants lived.” 1KI 10 5 fj7p figs-idiom 0 there was no more breath in her This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “she was utterly amazed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1KI 10 6 j9u6 0 I heard in my own land “I heard while I was in my own land” 1KI 10 6 jsh6 figs-hendiadys 0 your words and your wisdom Here the word “wisdom” can describe the word “words.” Alternate translation: “your wise sayings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) @@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1KI 11 26 dp3d translate-names 0 Zeruah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1KI 11 26 t72j figs-metonymy 0 lifted up his hand against the king The word “hand” refers to authority, power and control. The phrase “lifted up against” refers to having opposed someone by using authority, power and control. This is a metonym used as a common idiom. Alternate translation: “rebelled against the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1KI 11 27 zc8g 0 Solomon had built up the place located at Millo Translate “Millo” as in [1 Kings 9:15](../09/15.md). -1KI 11 28 y6ga 0 a mighty man of valor Possible meanings are (1) “a great warrior” or (2) “a very capable man” or (3) “a wealthy and influential man.” +1KI 11 28 y6ga 0 a mighty man of valor This could mean: (1) “a great warrior” or (2) “a very capable man” or (3) “a wealthy and influential man.” 1KI 11 28 kz58 0 he gave him command “he made him commander” 1KI 11 28 xb54 figs-metonymy 0 all the labor The word “labor” refers to the work that Solomon commanded the people to do for his government. This is a metonym. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1KI 11 28 hea7 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Joseph This refers to the descendants of Joseph who were the people groups of Ephraim and Manasseh. This is a metonym. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1171,7 +1171,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1KI 17 12 b86l figs-explicit 0 that we may eat it, and die It is implied that they will die because they do not have anymore food. Alternate translation: “that we may eat. Afterwards, we will starve to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1KI 17 13 ccq3 figs-explicit 0 afterward make some for you and for your son It is implicit that there would be enough flour and oil to make more bread. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1KI 17 14 pej5 figs-idiom 0 Yahweh sends rain This is an idiom that means Yahweh causes it to rain. Alternate translation: “Yahweh causes rain to fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -1KI 17 15 vbj6 0 She and Elijah, along with her household, ate for many days In the original language it says, “And she and he and her household ate for many days.” It is unclear who “he” is. Possible meanings are (1) Elijah, the widow, and her son ate for many days or (2) the widow, her son, and everyone living in her house ate for many days or (3) Elijah, the widow, and everyone living in her house ate for many days. +1KI 17 15 vbj6 0 She and Elijah, along with her household, ate for many days In the original language it says, “And she and he and her household ate for many days.” It is unclear who “he” is. This could mean: (1) Elijah, the widow, and her son ate for many days or (2) the widow, her son, and everyone living in her house ate for many days or (3) Elijah, the widow, and everyone living in her house ate for many days. 1KI 17 15 ziz7 0 along with her household Possible meanings for “household” are (1) this refers only to the widow’s son or (2) this refers to other people who live in her house but are not named in the story or (3) this refers to her son and others living in her house. 1KI 17 16 x364 figs-metonymy 0 just as the word of Yahweh had said Here “word” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “just as Yahweh had said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1KI 17 17 bp54 0 the woman’s son, the woman who owned the house “the son of the woman who owned the house” @@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1KI 17 18 c2gx figs-genericnoun 0 of my sin This means sins in general not a specific sin. Alternate translation: “of my sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) 1KI 17 19 a6d1 0 where he was staying Here “he” refers to Elijah. 1KI 17 19 v27l 0 on his own bed Here “his” refers to Elijah. -1KI 17 20 q8bc figs-rquestion 0 have you also brought disaster on the widow with whom I am staying, by killing her son? Possible meanings are (1) Elijah is truly asking a question. Alternate translation: “why would you cause the widow with whom I am staying to suffer even more by killing her son” or (2) Elijah uses a question to express how sad he is. Alternate translation: “surely, you would not cause the widow with whom I am staying to suffer even more by killing her son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +1KI 17 20 q8bc figs-rquestion 0 have you also brought disaster on the widow with whom I am staying, by killing her son? This could mean: (1) Elijah is truly asking a question. Alternate translation: “why would you cause the widow with whom I am staying to suffer even more by killing her son” or (2) Elijah uses a question to express how sad he is. Alternate translation: “surely, you would not cause the widow with whom I am staying to suffer even more by killing her son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1KI 17 20 lhy9 figs-metaphor 0 have you also brought disaster on the widow Causing the widow to suffer is spoken of as if “disaster” were an object that is placed on the widow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1KI 17 20 h37t 0 also brought disaster Here “also” means in addition to the disaster that the drought has caused. 1KI 17 21 swr1 figs-idiom 0 stretched himself on the child This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “lay on top of the child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -1238,7 +1238,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1KI 18 29 h5ce figs-parallelism 0 but there was no voice or anyone to answer; there was no one who paid any attention to their pleadings These phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that no one responded to the prayers of the false prophets. Alternate translation: “but Baal did not say or do anything or even pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1KI 18 29 lpf9 0 there was no voice or anyone to answer See how you translated this in [1 Kings 18:26](../18/26.md). 1KI 18 31 n18f translate-numbers 0 twelve stones “12 stones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -1KI 18 32 yy3l figs-metonymy 0 in the name of Yahweh “Name” here is a metonym for honor and reputation. Possible meanings are (1) “to honor Yahweh” or (2) “with the authority of Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +1KI 18 32 yy3l figs-metonymy 0 in the name of Yahweh “Name” here is a metonym for honor and reputation. This could mean: (1) “to honor Yahweh” or (2) “with the authority of Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1KI 18 32 gh4y 0 trench a small waterway to hold water 1KI 18 32 kp7z translate-bvolume 0 two seahs of seeds A seah is a unit of volume equal to about 7.7 liters. Alternate translation: “about 15 liters of seeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) 1KI 18 33 m699 figs-ellipsis 0 He arranged the wood for a fire “On the altar” where he placed the wood is assumed in this sentence. Alternate translation: “He put the wood for a fire on the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) @@ -1325,7 +1325,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1KI 20 21 k7xi figs-synecdoche 0 the king of Israel went out and attacked “The king” is synecdoche for the king and all the soldiers serving under him. Alternate translation: “The king of Israel and his soldiers went out and attacked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 1KI 20 22 b52i figs-metonymy 0 strengthen yourself “Yourself” represents by metonymy the army of the king. Alternate translation: “strengthen your forces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1KI 20 22 g9f7 figs-doublet 0 understand and plan These two words mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Alternate translation: “determine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -1KI 20 22 u4ju 0 at the return of the year Possible meanings are (1) “in the springtime of next year” or (2) “at this time next year.” +1KI 20 22 u4ju 0 at the return of the year This could mean: (1) “in the springtime of next year” or (2) “at this time next year.” 1KI 20 23 kn8e figs-exclusive 0 let us fight…we will be stronger The words “us” and “we” refer to the servants, the king, and the army all together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) 1KI 20 24 alj2 0 Remove all the kings from their positions of authority “You must remove the thirty-two kings who are leading your troops” 1KI 20 26 ewh9 translate-names 0 Aphek This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -1365,7 +1365,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1KI 21 5 ib4e figs-synecdoche 0 Why is your heart so sad Here “heart” refers to the entire person and his emotions. Alternate translation: “Why are you so sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 1KI 21 7 k6fd figs-rquestion 0 Do you not still rule the kingdom of Israel? Jezebel uses this negative rhetorical question to rebuke Ahab. It can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “You still rule the kingdom of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1KI 21 7 u9rk figs-synecdoche 0 let your heart be happy Here “heart” refers to the entire person and his emotions. Alternate translation: “be happy” or “cheer up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -1KI 21 8 m5ey figs-metonymy 0 wrote letters in Ahab’s name Possible meanings are (1) she wrote Ahab’s name on the letters. Alternate translation: “wrote letters and signed them with Ahab’s name” or (2) the word “name” is a metonym for authority. Alternate translation: “wrote letters on behalf of Ahab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +1KI 21 8 m5ey figs-metonymy 0 wrote letters in Ahab’s name This could mean: (1) she wrote Ahab’s name on the letters. Alternate translation: “wrote letters and signed them with Ahab’s name” or (2) the word “name” is a metonym for authority. Alternate translation: “wrote letters on behalf of Ahab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1KI 21 8 ltl3 figs-nominaladj 0 the wealthy who sat with him The word “wealthy” refers to wealthy people. Alternate translation: “the wealthy people who sat with Naboth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) 1KI 21 9 p5n4 figs-metaphor 0 seat Naboth above the people Having Naboth sit in a place of honor is spoken of as if it were having him sit above the rest of the people who were present. Alternate translation: “have Naboth sit in a place of honor among the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1KI 21 10 l62b 0 let them testify against him “have them accuse him” @@ -1431,7 +1431,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1KI 22 31 whp5 translate-numbers 0 thirty-two captains “32 captains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1KI 22 31 faj9 figs-merism 0 Do not attack unimportant or important soldiers By mentioning both “unimportant” and “important soldiers,” the king meant all soldiers. Alternate translation: “Do not attack any of the soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) 1KI 22 32 bl44 0 It came about that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -1KI 22 34 zl68 0 drew his bow at random Possible meanings are (1) he took aim to shoot a soldier without knowing that it was Ahab or (2) he drew his bow to shoot without any specific target in mind. +1KI 22 34 zl68 0 drew his bow at random This could mean: (1) he took aim to shoot a soldier without knowing that it was Ahab or (2) he drew his bow to shoot without any specific target in mind. 1KI 22 35 yt1g figs-activepassive 0 the king was held up in his chariot This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone held the king up in his chariot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1KI 22 36 q7gs figs-metonymy 0 a cry went up Here “a cry” represents the soldiers who were shouting. Alternate translation: “soldiers began to shout” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1KI 22 36 n2pr figs-parallelism 0 Every man should go back to his city; and every man should go back to his region These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) diff --git a/en_tn_12-2KI.tsv b/en_tn_12-2KI.tsv index 6dc814a81e..68d4b15112 100644 --- a/en_tn_12-2KI.tsv +++ b/en_tn_12-2KI.tsv @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2KI 1 5 h8rr figs-explicit 0 When the messengers returned to Ahaziah After meeting with Elijah, the messengers returned to the king instead of going to Ekron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2KI 1 6 hrs2 figs-rquestion 0 Is it because there is no God in Israel that you sent men to consult with Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron? This rhetorical question is asked as a rebuke for consulting Baal-Zebub. This may be written as a statement. This is irony because they are definitely aware of the God of Israel. See how you translated a similar question in [2 Kings 3:3](../03/03.md). Alternate translation: “You fools! You know there is a God in Israel, but you were acting as though you did not know when you sent men to consult Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 2KI 1 6 q7jq figs-explicit 0 you will not come down from the bed to which you have gone up When King Ahaziah was injured, he was placed in a bed. Yahweh said that he will never become well and be able to get out of the bed. See how you translated this statement in [2 Kings 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “you will not recover and you will not get up from the bed on which you are lying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -2KI 1 8 ivq2 figs-explicit 0 He wore a garment made of hair Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor that speaks of him being very hairy as if his hair were a garment. Alternate translation: “He was very hairy” or (2) “His clothes were made from animal hair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +2KI 1 8 ivq2 figs-explicit 0 He wore a garment made of hair This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor that speaks of him being very hairy as if his hair were a garment. Alternate translation: “He was very hairy” or (2) “His clothes were made from animal hair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2KI 1 9 n9cs figs-explicit 0 Then the king sent a captain with fifty soldiers to Elijah The king sent the leader of the army with fifty men to bring Elijah back to him. Alternate translation: “Then the king sent a captain with fifty soldiers to seize Elijah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2KI 1 9 a83f translate-numbers 0 fifty soldiers “50 soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 2KI 1 10 p9xj 0 If I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven The captain had called Elijah a man of God, but the captain and the king did not show Elijah proper respect. Elijah said this so that fire would come down from heaven, and this would prove that Elijah really was a man of God and he deserved their respect. Alternate translation: “Since I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven” or “If I am a man of God as you have said, let fire come down from heaven” @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2KI 3 7 qh7x figs-explicit 0 I am as you are, my people as your people, my horses as your horses Jehoshaphat is letting Joram use himself, his people, and his horses for his purposes. He speaks of this as if they belonged to Joram. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “We are ready to do whatever you want us to. My soldiers and my horses are ready to help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2KI 3 8 cld5 0 By way of the wilderness of Edom “By going through the wilderness of Edom” 2KI 3 9 luy3 figs-synecdoche 0 the king of Israel went with the king of Judah and the king of Edom This refers to the kings accompanied by their armies. Alternate translation: “the king of Israel and his army went with the king of Judah and his army and the king of Edom and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -2KI 3 9 ei9n 0 They wandered around Possible meanings are (1) the kings were not sure where they were going, and so they changed direction often or (2) the kings knew where they were going and they walked around Moab ([2 Kings 3:8](../03/08.md)). +2KI 3 9 ei9n 0 They wandered around This could mean: (1) the kings were not sure where they were going, and so they changed direction often or (2) the kings knew where they were going and they walked around Moab ([2 Kings 3:8](../03/08.md)). 2KI 3 10 w5es figs-rquestion 0 What is this? Has Yahweh called three kings to give them into the hand of Moab? The king uses a rhetorical question to emphasize how ridiculous and terrible their situation is. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “It looks like Yahweh will allow all three of us to be captured by Moab!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 2KI 3 10 lze9 figs-synecdoche 0 to give them into the hand of Moab Here “Moab” refers to its army. Also, “the hand of Moab” refers to the “control” of Moab’s army. Alternate translation: “to give us over to Moab’s control” or “so the army of Moab will defeat us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2KI 3 11 m7as figs-rquestion 0 Is there not here a prophet of Yahweh, that we may consult Yahweh by him? Jehoshaphat uses a rhetorical question here to state that he is certain that there is a prophet there and to find out where he is. This may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am sure there is a prophet of Yahweh here! Tell me where one is, so we may consult Yahweh by him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -606,9 +606,9 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2KI 10 7 dj3k figs-metonymy 0 sent them to Jehu This means that they sent people to deliver the baskets to Jehu. Alternate translation: “sent people to take them to Jehu” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2KI 10 8 jl7j 0 of the king’s sons “of Ahab’s descendants” 2KI 10 9 r1rc 0 Jehu went out and stood “Jehu went to the city gate and stood before the people” -2KI 10 9 k9nc figs-explicit 0 You are innocent It can be stated clearly what they were innocent of. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “You are innocent of what happened to Joram” or (2) this means that they are not held responsible for the deaths of Joram’s family. Alternate translation: “You are innocent of what happened to Joram and his family” or “You are innocent of this matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +2KI 10 9 k9nc figs-explicit 0 You are innocent It can be stated clearly what they were innocent of. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “You are innocent of what happened to Joram” or (2) this means that they are not held responsible for the deaths of Joram’s family. Alternate translation: “You are innocent of what happened to Joram and his family” or “You are innocent of this matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2KI 10 9 dic5 0 See Jehu uses this word here to draw the peoples’ attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Hear my words” -2KI 10 9 apq9 figs-rquestion 0 but who killed all these? Jehu uses a rhetorical question to cause the people to think deeply about the situation. This can be written as a statement. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “but the men of Samaria are responsible for killing Ahab’s 70 descendants” or (2) Alternate translation: “but it was Yahweh’s will for these men to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +2KI 10 9 apq9 figs-rquestion 0 but who killed all these? Jehu uses a rhetorical question to cause the people to think deeply about the situation. This can be written as a statement. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “but the men of Samaria are responsible for killing Ahab’s 70 descendants” or (2) Alternate translation: “but it was Yahweh’s will for these men to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 2KI 10 10 tky4 0 certainly realize “understand” or “be aware of the fact that” 2KI 10 10 qm1a figs-metaphor 0 no part of Yahweh’s word…will fall to the ground This speaks of everything happening that Yahweh has said will happen as if it were something that did not die and fall to the ground. Alternate translation: “No part of Yahweh’s word…will fail” or “every part of Yahweh’s word…will happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2KI 10 10 dxa2 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh has done This speaks of Yahweh causing Ahab’s descendants to be killed as if he killed them himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has caused to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2KI 11 4 qlj7 0 Connecting Statement: This continues the story of what happens after Joash, the son of King Azahiah, was hidden in the temple after all King Azahiah’s other descendants were killed. 2KI 11 4 lft4 translate-numbers 0 In the seventh year “In the seventh year of Athaliah’s reign” or “In year 7 of Athaliah’s reign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 2KI 11 4 n18c translate-names 0 Jehoiada the high priest (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -2KI 11 4 f6wi translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrases “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +2KI 11 4 f6wi translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrases “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. This could mean: (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 2KI 11 4 pvj6 0 Carites This is the name of a particular group of the royal guards. 2KI 11 4 dar3 0 brought them to himself “had them come to meet with him.” Jehoiada, the high priest, had these military men report to him at the temple. 2KI 11 4 ycq8 0 Then he showed them the king’s son Jehoiada revealed to them that Joash, King Azahiah’s son, was still alive. @@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2KI 11 8 jp1k 0 Whoever enters within your ranks “Anyone who tries to go past you while you are protecting King Joash.” A rank refers to a line of soldiers. 2KI 11 8 d88v figs-activepassive 0 let him be killed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2KI 11 8 ck5g figs-merism 0 You must stay with the king when he goes out, and when he comes in These two opposite things are a merism that refers to everything the king does. Alternate translation: “You must stay near the king at all times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -2KI 11 9 ry72 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +2KI 11 9 ry72 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. This could mean: (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 2KI 11 9 duu3 0 Each one “Each commander” 2KI 11 10 jsa1 0 were in the house of Yahweh “were stored in the temple” 2KI 11 11 tzd5 0 from the right side of the temple to the left side, near the altar and the temple Some versions translate the first two occurrences of “temple” as “palace.” These versions say, “from the right side of the palace to the left side of the palace, near the altar and the temple.” @@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2KI 11 14 xwj4 0 the trumpeters “the people who played the trumpets” 2KI 11 14 kxx4 translate-symaction 0 Athaliah tore her clothes She tore her clothes to express that she was very upset and angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 2KI 11 14 tc82 0 Treason! Treason! “You are traitors! You have betrayed me!” -2KI 11 15 y8gb translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +2KI 11 15 y8gb translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. This could mean: (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 2KI 11 15 i3h1 0 Bring her out between the ranks “Take her away between two rows of guards” or “Lead her away with a row of soldiers on each side of her.” Ranks are lines or rows of soldiers. 2KI 11 15 f3f3 figs-explicit 0 Anyone who follows her It is implied that a person who followed her would be trying to help her. Alternate translation: “Anyone who follows to try to rescue her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2KI 11 16 x4a6 0 they seized her as she reached the place where the horses enter the palace grounds Some versions translate this as “the guards seized her and took her to the palace, to the place where horses enter the courtyard.” @@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2KI 11 18 tn2k 0 the house of Baal “the temple of Baal” 2KI 11 18 qky4 translate-names 0 Mattan This is the name of a male priest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2KI 11 19 u5jn 0 General Information: They take the new king, Joash, from the temple to the palace. -2KI 11 19 u1k5 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +2KI 11 19 u1k5 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. This could mean: (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 2KI 11 19 yh95 0 Carites This is the name of a particular group of the royal guards. 2KI 11 19 j4wu 0 brought down the king from the house of Yahweh and they went into the king’s house “brought the king from the temple to the palace” 2KI 11 20 hz2a figs-hyperbole 0 all the people of the land rejoiced This is a generalization. It is possible that some did not rejoice. Alternate translation: “many people in the land rejoiced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) @@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2KI 12 9 sf7a 0 put into it “put into the chest” or “put in the box” 2KI 12 9 fa63 figs-activepassive 0 the money that was brought This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the money that people brought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2KI 12 10 qbt6 0 put the money in bags and then count it Many versions put this in a more logical order such as “count the money and put it in bags.” -2KI 12 10 dcd8 0 put the money in bags Possible meanings are (1) “put the money in bags” or (2) “tied up the money in bags” . +2KI 12 10 dcd8 0 put the money in bags This could mean: (1) “put the money in bags” or (2) “tied up the money in bags” . 2KI 12 10 ri1a 0 the money found “the money that they found in the chest” 2KI 12 11 fj3g 0 weighed out “counted” 2KI 12 11 uk5g figs-synecdoche 0 into the hands of men Here “hands” refers to the men. Alternate translation: “to men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) @@ -1020,7 +1020,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2KI 16 7 dh2h figs-synecdoche 0 who have attacked me The kings attacking Ahaz represent the armies of those kings attacking Ahaz and his people. Alternate translation: “who have attacked me with their armies” or “whose armies have attacked me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 2KI 16 9 u25g figs-synecdoche 0 the king of Assyria went up against Damascus The word “king” represents the king and his army. Also, Damascus represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the king of Assyria and his army attacked the people of Damascus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2KI 16 9 zd43 figs-metaphor 0 carried off its people as prisoners to Kir Carrying off the people represents forcing them to go away. Alternate translation: “made the people his prisoners and forced them to go to Kir” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -2KI 16 9 dr4d translate-names 0 Kir Possible meanings are (1) this is the name of a city or (2) this word means “city” and refers to the capital city of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +2KI 16 9 dr4d translate-names 0 Kir This could mean: (1) this is the name of a city or (2) this word means “city” and refers to the capital city of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2KI 16 10 l6c6 figs-activepassive 0 the design for all the workmanship needed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “all the instructions that the workers needed in order to build it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2KI 16 13 jf6b 0 General Information: This is what King Ahaz did after he returned from Damascus and visited the new altar which Uriah the priest had built for him. 2KI 16 13 w1tk 0 He made his burnt offering “King Ahaz made his burnt offering” @@ -1144,7 +1144,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2KI 18 22 im2y 0 General Information: Rabshakeh continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah’s men. 2KI 18 22 vr43 figs-rquestion 0 is not he the one whose high places…Jerusalem’? This question assumes the listeners know the answer and is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “You need to remember that he is the one whose high places…Jerusalem’!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 2KI 18 24 sn27 0 General Information: Rabshakeh continues telling the message from the king of Assyria to King Hezekiah’s men. -2KI 18 24 pmx6 figs-rquestion 0 How could you resist even one captain of the least of my master’s servants? He asks this question to emphasize that the army of Hezekiah does not have the resources to fight. He also uses exaggeration to mock Hezekiah’s army. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are (1) “You could not defeat even one of the least of the king’s soldiers.” or (2) “You could not defeat a group of the king’s soldiers commanded by his least important officer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +2KI 18 24 pmx6 figs-rquestion 0 How could you resist even one captain of the least of my master’s servants? He asks this question to emphasize that the army of Hezekiah does not have the resources to fight. He also uses exaggeration to mock Hezekiah’s army. Alternate translation: This could mean: (1) “You could not defeat even one of the least of the king’s soldiers.” or (2) “You could not defeat a group of the king’s soldiers commanded by his least important officer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 2KI 18 25 s1nk figs-rquestion 0 Have I traveled up here without Yahweh to fight against this place and destroy it? He asks this question to emphasize that Yahweh is behind his success to obey the command to destroy Israel. Alternate translation: “Yahweh himself told us to come here and destroy this land!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 2KI 18 26 i5v3 translate-names 0 Eliakim…Hilkiah…Shebnah…Joah Translate the names of these men as in [2 Kings 18:18](../18/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2KI 18 26 t7mk figs-metonymy 0 in the ears of the people who are on the wall “In the ears” is metonymy for being able to listen. Alternate translation: “because the people standing on the city wall will hear it and be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1301,7 +1301,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2KI 21 16 ff48 figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2KI 21 17 ce1p figs-activepassive 0 are they not written…Judah? This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written…Judah.” or “you can find them…Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 2KI 21 18 i542 figs-euphemism 0 slept with his ancestors and This is a polite way of saying he “died, as his ancestors had, and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -2KI 21 18 rhh9 translate-names 0 the garden of Uzza Possible meanings are (1) “the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza” or (2) “Uzza Garden.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +2KI 21 18 rhh9 translate-names 0 the garden of Uzza This could mean: (1) “the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza” or (2) “Uzza Garden.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2KI 21 18 b29b translate-names 0 Amon This is a man’s name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2KI 21 19 np3n translate-names 0 Amon…Haruz These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2KI 21 19 wqq6 translate-names 0 Meshullemeth This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -1313,7 +1313,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2KI 21 24 pwu1 figs-hyperbole 0 the people of the land This is a generalization. Alternate translation: “some of the people in Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 2KI 21 24 nj33 0 conspired against “made plans and worked together to harm.” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 21:23](../21/23.md). 2KI 21 25 zcb6 figs-activepassive 0 are they not written…Judah? This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written…Judah.” or “you can find them…Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -2KI 21 26 zpi6 translate-names 0 the garden of Uzza Possible meanings are (1) “the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza” or (2) “Uzza Garden.” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 21:18](../21/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +2KI 21 26 zpi6 translate-names 0 the garden of Uzza This could mean: (1) “the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza” or (2) “Uzza Garden.” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 21:18](../21/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2KI 22 intro abcm 0 # 2 Kings 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The next two chapters (2 Kings 22-23) tell about the spiritual revival under King Josiah. A revival occurs when the people begin to worship Yahweh properly again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The law<br>The priests found a copy of the law in the temple and took it to the king. He was upset because the people had disobeyed the law so badly. Josiah asked God about it. God said that he would destroy Judah for these sins but not in Josiah’s lifetime, since he humbled himself and wanted to do better. Many scholars believe this was a copy of the book of Deuteronomy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) 2KI 22 1 gp47 translate-numbers 0 thirty-one years “31 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 2KI 22 1 ne6n translate-names 0 Jedidah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -1353,7 +1353,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2KI 22 13 e5fi figs-activepassive 0 all that was written concerning us This refers to the law that was given to Israel. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all that Moses wrote in the law that we should do” or “all the laws that God gave through Moses to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2KI 22 14 hj95 translate-names 0 Huldah This is a woman’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2KI 22 14 lc23 translate-names 0 Shallum…Tikvah…Harhas These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -2KI 22 14 fia7 0 keeper of the wardrobe Possible meanings are (1) the person who took care of the clothing that priests wore in the temple or (2) the person who took care of the king’s clothing. +2KI 22 14 fia7 0 keeper of the wardrobe This could mean: (1) the person who took care of the clothing that priests wore in the temple or (2) the person who took care of the king’s clothing. 2KI 22 14 at8l figs-explicit 0 she lived in Jerusalem in the second quarter Here “second quarter” refers to the new part of the city that was built on the north side of Jerusalem. Also, “second” is the ordinal form of 2. Alternate translation: “she lived in Jerusalem in the new part of the city” or “she lived in the new part of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) 2KI 22 15 lf4s 0 the man who sent you to me Here “the man” refers to King Josiah. 2KI 22 16 y4st figs-metaphor 0 I will bring disaster to this place and to its inhabitants Yahweh causing terrible things to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that he could bring to a place. Alternate translation: “I will cause terrible things to happen to this place and to those who live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1399,7 +1399,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2KI 23 10 yh8e translate-names 0 Topheth…Ben Hinnom place names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2KI 23 10 dx37 0 cause his son or his daughter to pass through the fire as a sacrifice to Molech “put his son or his daughter in the fire and burn them as an offering to Molech” 2KI 23 11 x7tv figs-explicit 0 He took away It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, perhaps Hilkiah and “the priests under him” ([2 Kings 23:4](../23/04.md)), might have helped Josiah do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -2KI 23 11 c4zx 0 the horses Possible meanings are (1) real horses or (2) statues of horses. +2KI 23 11 c4zx 0 the horses This could mean: (1) real horses or (2) statues of horses. 2KI 23 11 vq7r figs-metonymy 0 had given to the sun Here “given” represents being dedicated for worship. Alternate translation: “had used to worship the sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2KI 23 11 b1bh translate-names 0 Nathan-Melek a man’s name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2KI 23 12 ct7r figs-metonymy 0 Josiah the king destroyed…Josiah smashed…and threw Josiah would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “Josiah the king commanded them to destroy…He had them smash…had them throw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1445,7 +1445,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2KI 23 33 iwc7 0 fined Judah “forced the people of Judah to give him” 2KI 23 33 g4w9 translate-bmoney 0 one hundred talents…one talent A talent was about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “3,300 kilograms…33 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) 2KI 23 35 i68u 0 Jehoikim taxed the land “Jehoikim collected taxes from the people who owned land” -2KI 23 35 v24z 0 people of the land “people of the land of Judah.” Possible meanings are (1) “the people who lived in the land of Judah” or (2) “the richest and most powerful of those who lived in Judah.” +2KI 23 35 v24z 0 people of the land “people of the land of Judah.” This could mean: (1) “the people who lived in the land of Judah” or (2) “the richest and most powerful of those who lived in Judah.” 2KI 23 36 s72q translate-names 0 Zebidah This is a woman’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2KI 23 36 gz76 translate-names 0 Pedaiah This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2KI 23 36 j958 translate-names 0 Rumah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -1521,7 +1521,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2KI 25 18 ske8 0 gatekeepers See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:10](../07/10.md). 2KI 25 19 ydp7 0 took prisoner “captured and kept from escaping” 2KI 25 19 v5sk 0 an officer who was in charge of soldiers Other translations may read “a eunuch who was in charge of soldiers.” A eunuch is a man whose private parts have been removed. -2KI 25 19 jax7 0 officer responsible for drafting men into the army Possible meanings are (1) the officer forced men to become soldiers or (2) the officer wrote down the names of the men who became soldiers. +2KI 25 19 jax7 0 officer responsible for drafting men into the army This could mean: (1) the officer forced men to become soldiers or (2) the officer wrote down the names of the men who became soldiers. 2KI 25 20 qh76 0 Nebuzaradan This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:8](../25/08.md). 2KI 25 20 cl9d 0 Riblah This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:6](../25/06.md). 2KI 25 21 dxm3 figs-euphemism 0 put them to death This is a polite way of saying “killed them.” It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people might have helped the king do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/en_tn_13-1CH.tsv b/en_tn_13-1CH.tsv index fec5355d86..5e2e2222ca 100644 --- a/en_tn_13-1CH.tsv +++ b/en_tn_13-1CH.tsv @@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1CH 6 30 a61s translate-names 0 Shimea…Haggiah…Asaiah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1CH 6 31 xq65 0 the house of Yahweh “where people met with Yahweh” This was a tent in David’s time. 1CH 6 31 ns7x 0 the ark came to rest there “the people of Israel placed the ark there” -1CH 6 32 ab5r 0 the tabernacle, the tent of meeting Possible meanings are (1) that “the tent of meeting” and “the tabernacle” are two names for the same thing or (2) the tabernacle is part of the tent of meeting, “the sanctuary of the tent of meeting” +1CH 6 32 ab5r 0 the tabernacle, the tent of meeting This could mean: (1) that “the tent of meeting” and “the tabernacle” are two names for the same thing or (2) the tabernacle is part of the tent of meeting, “the sanctuary of the tent of meeting” 1CH 6 32 r2nn 0 They fulfilled their duties “They did their work” or “They did their various kinds of work” 1CH 6 32 c2d7 figs-activepassive 0 according to the instructions given to them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “according to the instructions that David gave them” or “according to the instructions they received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CH 6 33 r3ce 0 These were those “These were the musicians” @@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1CH 11 20 kkt7 0 captain over the Three This means Abishai was the leader of the three men who went and got water for David. 1CH 11 20 sj8d translate-numbers 0 three hundred “300 men” or “300 warriors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1CH 11 20 q7g6 figs-activepassive 0 He is mentioned along with the Three This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People often mentioned him when they spoke of the Three” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -1CH 11 21 v46p figs-activepassive 0 Of the Three, he was given double honor and became This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) that he received double the honor that the Three received. Alternate translation: “People gave him twice as much honor as they gave the Three and he became” or (2) the Three honored him more than they honored others. Alternate translation: “The Three honored him more than they honored others and he became” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1CH 11 21 v46p figs-activepassive 0 Of the Three, he was given double honor and became This can be stated in active form. This could mean: (1) that he received double the honor that the Three received. Alternate translation: “People gave him twice as much honor as they gave the Three and he became” or (2) the Three honored him more than they honored others. Alternate translation: “The Three honored him more than they honored others and he became” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CH 11 22 y3ip translate-names 0 Benaiah…Jehoiada…Ariel These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1CH 11 22 k3cy translate-names 0 Kabzeel This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1CH 11 23 y817 translate-bdistance 0 five cubits A “cubit” is a unit of measurement equal to 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2.3 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) @@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1CH 12 20 ek71 translate-numbers 0 captains over thousands of Manasseh This means that each of these men led groups of a thousand soldiers in the tribe of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “each a captain over 1,000 men in the tribe of Manasseh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1CH 12 21 yeh5 0 the roving bands “the groups of robbers.” This refers to groups of people who robbed people traveling through the countryside. 1CH 12 22 p43i 0 Day after day “Each day” -1CH 12 22 emw8 figs-idiom 0 a great army, like the army of God Possible meanings are (1) the phrase “like the army of God” means “like an army that God assembled” or (2) the word “God” is used as an idiom that refers to the great size of the army. Alternate translation: “a very large army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +1CH 12 22 emw8 figs-idiom 0 a great army, like the army of God This could mean: (1) the phrase “like the army of God” means “like an army that God assembled” or (2) the word “God” is used as an idiom that refers to the great size of the army. Alternate translation: “a very large army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1CH 12 23 p6pq translate-numbers 0 General Information: This begins the list of the number of men who joined David from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1CH 12 23 q3ud figs-metaphor 0 to turn the kingdom of Saul over to him The men making David king in place of Saul is spoken of as if they gave possession of Saul’s kingdom to David. Alternate translation: “to make David king in place of Saul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1CH 12 23 am4d 0 carried out Yahweh’s word “made Yahweh’s word true” or “fulfilled Yahweh’s word” @@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1CH 12 31 kgt2 translate-numbers 0 eighteen thousand “18,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1CH 12 32 r9s3 translate-numbers 0 This continues the list of the number of men who joined David from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1CH 12 32 tsm5 translate-numbers 0 two hundred “200” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -1CH 12 32 h63a 0 who had understanding of the times Possible meanings are (1) these men knew the right time to act or (2) these men had a good understanding of current political events within Israel. +1CH 12 32 h63a 0 who had understanding of the times This could mean: (1) these men knew the right time to act or (2) these men had a good understanding of current political events within Israel. 1CH 12 33 nfx2 translate-numbers 0 This continues the list of the number of men who joined David from each tribe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1CH 12 33 twy3 translate-numbers 0 fifty thousand “50,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1CH 12 33 v2qm figs-explicit 0 ready to give undivided loyalty It is implicit that they would give loyalty to David. Alternate translation: “ready to give undivided loyalty to David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -821,7 +821,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1CH 12 39 ezv1 translate-numbers 0 three days “3 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1CH 12 40 av3z figs-synecdoche 0 Israel was celebrating The word “Israel” represents the people who make up the nation. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel were celebrating” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 1CH 13 intro abcd 0 # 1 Chronicles 13 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Ark of the covenant<br>David tried to bring the ark to Jerusalem on an ox cart instead of being carried by priests as the law said to do. The ox stumbled and Uzzah touched the ark to keep it from falling and he immediately died because of this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) -1CH 13 1 ba28 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and of hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +1CH 13 1 ba28 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and of hundreds This could mean: (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1CH 13 2 b7bp figs-explicit 0 all the assembly of Israel This refers to all of the Israelites who were assembled in this place. Alternate translation: “all of the Israelites who were assembled there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1CH 13 2 ie4x figs-idiom 0 if this comes from Yahweh our God This idiom means that this action is something that Yahweh approves. Alternate translation: “if this is something that Yahweh our God approves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1CH 13 2 zgc6 figs-activepassive 0 Let them be told to join us This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let messengers tell them to join us” or “Let them join us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -832,7 +832,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1CH 13 6 u61q 0 which belongs to Judah “which is in Judah” 1CH 13 6 bf1b figs-explicit 0 to bring up from there the ark of God It is implied that they are taking the ark to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “to take to Jerusalem the ark of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1CH 13 6 yv2b 0 to bring up from there Jerusalem is higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it. -1CH 13 6 fl1m figs-idiom 0 which is called by Yahweh’s name This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) the idiom “called by…name” refers to a person owning the thing. Alternate translation: “which belongs to Yahweh” or (2) the ark has Yahweh’s name written on it. Alternate translation: “which bears Yahweh’s name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +1CH 13 6 fl1m figs-idiom 0 which is called by Yahweh’s name This can be stated in active form. This could mean: (1) the idiom “called by…name” refers to a person owning the thing. Alternate translation: “which belongs to Yahweh” or (2) the ark has Yahweh’s name written on it. Alternate translation: “which bears Yahweh’s name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1CH 13 6 sfv5 figs-explicit 0 who sits enthroned over the cherubim You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh’s footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate translation: “who sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1CH 13 7 v3ay translate-names 0 Abinadab…Uzzah…Ahio These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1CH 13 8 rx95 figs-hyperbole 0 David and all Israel Here the word “all” is a generalization. Alternate translation: “David and all of the Israelites who were present” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) @@ -917,7 +917,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1CH 15 22 mr6i translate-names 0 This continues the list of men whom the Levites appointed to sing and play music as the people brought the ark to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1CH 15 23 l2ia translate-names 0 This continues the list of men whom the Levites appointed to sing and play music as the people brought the ark to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1CH 15 24 kn9b translate-names 0 This ends the list of men whom the Levites appointed to sing and play music as the people brought the ark to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -1CH 15 25 xai1 translate-numbers 0 the commanders over thousands Possible meanings are (1) the word “thousands” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders and led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “thousands” does not represent an exact numbers but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +1CH 15 25 xai1 translate-numbers 0 the commanders over thousands This could mean: (1) the word “thousands” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders and led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “thousands” does not represent an exact numbers but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1CH 15 25 sdu8 translate-names 0 Obed Edom This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1CH 15 27 p9xr figs-activepassive 0 David was clothed with a robe of fine linen, as were the Levites who carried the ark, the singers, and Kenaniah, the leader of the song with the singers This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “David, the Levites who carried the ark, the singers, and Kenaniah, the leader of the song with the singers all wore fine linen robes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CH 15 27 k6dh 0 linen a cloth made from fibers of the flax plant @@ -985,7 +985,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1CH 16 29 ff2x figs-abstractnouns 0 in the splendor of holiness The abstract nouns “splendor” and “holiness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “because he is gloriously beautiful and holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 1CH 16 30 sre8 0 Tremble shake because of fear 1CH 16 30 i8cc figs-metonymy 0 all the earth This is a metonym for all the people who live on the earth. Alternate translation: “all the people of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -1CH 16 31 nw3p figs-personification 0 Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice Possible meanings are (1) the heavens and the earth are spoken of as if they have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Let it be as if the heavens are glad and the earth rejoices” or (2) “the heavens” and “the earth” are metonyms for those who dwell in those places. Alternate translation: “Let those who live in the heavens be glad and let those who live on the earth rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +1CH 16 31 nw3p figs-personification 0 Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice This could mean: (1) the heavens and the earth are spoken of as if they have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Let it be as if the heavens are glad and the earth rejoices” or (2) “the heavens” and “the earth” are metonyms for those who dwell in those places. Alternate translation: “Let those who live in the heavens be glad and let those who live on the earth rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1CH 16 32 erj7 figs-explicit 0 that which fills it shout with joy The implied information is that this refers to all the creatures living in the sea. They are spoken of as if they should shout with joy like people might do. Alternate translation: “the sea creatures shout joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 1CH 16 32 wzv5 figs-personification 0 Let the fields be joyful, and all that is in them “Let the fields and all that is in them be joyful.” The author speaks as if the fields and the animals that live in them have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Let it be as if the fields themselves and all the animals that live in them are rejoicing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 1CH 16 33 y73k figs-personification 0 let the trees in the forest shout for joy This speaks about the trees as if they were people who could shout for joy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) @@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1CH 20 1 wwm7 0 devastated the land “destroyed the land.” This refers to when an army will ruin the land where their enemies grow food. 1CH 20 1 ry6x figs-metonymy 0 He went and besieged Rabbah “He” refers to the soldiers as well as Joab. Alternate translation: “Joab and his soldiers surrounded Rabbah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1CH 20 2 gq7i translate-bmoney 0 talent about 33 kilograms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) -1CH 20 2 it6g figs-activepassive 0 The crown was set on David’s head This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) David put the crown on his own head or (2) David’s men placed the crown on his head. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +1CH 20 2 it6g figs-activepassive 0 The crown was set on David’s head This can be stated in active form. This could mean: (1) David put the crown on his own head or (2) David’s men placed the crown on his head. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CH 20 2 sk4b figs-synecdoche 0 he brought out The word “he” refers to David, but also refers to David’s soldiers who helped David do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 1CH 20 2 sp5t 0 plunder valuable items taken in war 1CH 20 3 t578 figs-synecdoche 0 He brought out The word “He” refers to David, but also refers to David’s soldiers who helped David do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) @@ -1378,7 +1378,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1CH 23 24 m224 figs-activepassive 0 These were Levi’s descendants corresponding to their clans. They were the leaders, counted and listed by name, of the clans This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “These were the names of Levi’s descendants and their families, whom David’s men counted and listed. They were the leaders of the clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CH 23 24 tdq6 translate-numbers 0 from twenty years old and upward “from 20 years old and older” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1CH 23 25 vph8 0 has given rest Here “rest” refers to peace with surrounding nations. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Chronicles 22:9](../22/09.md). -1CH 23 25 bfp6 0 He makes his home in Jerusalem forever Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will be present in Jerusalem forever or (2) Yahweh’s temple will be present in Jerusalem forever. +1CH 23 25 bfp6 0 He makes his home in Jerusalem forever This could mean: (1) Yahweh will be present in Jerusalem forever or (2) Yahweh’s temple will be present in Jerusalem forever. 1CH 23 26 lg3t 0 all the equipment used in its service This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all the equipment they used in its service” 1CH 23 27 xft2 figs-activepassive 0 For by David’s last words the Levites were counted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For David’s last command was for his men to count the Levites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CH 23 27 z88x translate-numbers 0 from twenty years old and upward “who were 20 years old and older.” See how you translated this phrase in [1 Chronicles 23:24](../23/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) @@ -1650,7 +1650,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1CH 26 25 mt17 translate-names 0 Rehabiah Translate the name of this man as you did in [1 Chronicles 23:17](../23/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1CH 26 25 gl1z translate-names 0 Jeshaiah…Joram…Zichri…Shelomith These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1CH 26 26 id9e figs-idiom 0 were over This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “were in charge of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -1CH 26 26 a6fy translate-numbers 0 commanders over thousands and hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders over 1,000 soldiers and the commanders over 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders over large military divisions and the commanders over smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +1CH 26 26 a6fy translate-numbers 0 commanders over thousands and hundreds This could mean: (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders over 1,000 soldiers and the commanders over 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders over large military divisions and the commanders over smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1CH 26 27 e184 0 plunder things an army takes from its enemies after a victory 1CH 26 28 iq33 figs-activepassive 0 everything that was set apart to Yahweh by Samuel the prophet…Joab son of Zeruiah This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “everything that Samuel the prophet…Joab son of Zeruiah set apart to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 1CH 26 28 x64y translate-names 0 Kish…Ner…Zeruiah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -1671,7 +1671,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1CH 26 32 eq1n translate-numbers 0 2,700 relatives “two thousand seven hundred family members” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1CH 27 intro abcr 0 # 1 Chronicles 27 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) 1CH 27 1 azm6 0 This is the list “These are the names” -1CH 27 1 j7ta translate-numbers 0 commanders of thousands and hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +1CH 27 1 j7ta translate-numbers 0 commanders of thousands and hundreds This could mean: (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1CH 27 1 ms1c 0 in various ways “in different ways” or “in many ways” 1CH 27 1 f9jj 0 Each military division served month by month throughout the year This means that each division took turns serving periods of a month at a time. 1CH 27 1 a223 0 Each military division “Each group” @@ -1777,7 +1777,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1CH 28 intro abcs 0 # 1 Chronicles 28 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. David lectured the people and Solomon on what they should do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David’s instructions<br>David gives instructions to the people because he knows that he will not be there when the temple is built. It was common in the ancient Near East for leaders to give instructions to people before they die in preparation or anticipation of their death. 1CH 28 1 y878 0 assembled called together 1CH 28 1 u8rq 0 scheduled work Work that needs to be repeated, for example every day or every month. -1CH 28 1 k8yf translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and of hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +1CH 28 1 k8yf translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and of hundreds This could mean: (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1CH 28 1 dve7 figs-idiom 0 the managers over The word “over” is used here as an idiom. Alternate translation: “the managers in charge of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1CH 28 1 cen6 figs-doublet 0 property and possessions These two words share similar meanings and refer to all of the items and lands that the king owned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 1CH 28 2 qmk3 figs-idiom 0 rose to his feet This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “stood up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -1851,7 +1851,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 1CH 29 5 b1xt 0 give himself to him “give himself to God” 1CH 29 6 din9 translate-numbers 0 General Information: (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1CH 29 6 d694 figs-activepassive 0 Then freewill offerings were made by the leaders…and by the officials over the king’s work. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then the leaders…and the officials over the king’s work made freewill offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -1CH 29 6 jr54 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +1CH 29 6 jr54 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and hundreds This could mean: (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:1](../13/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1CH 29 6 m3hh figs-idiom 0 the officials over the king’s work Here the word “over” is used as an idiom. Alternate translation: “the officials in charge of the king’s work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 1CH 29 7 hib8 translate-bmoney 0 five thousand talents…and 100,000 talents of iron “5,000 talents and 10,000 darics of gold, 10,000 talents of silver, 18,000 talents of bronze, and 100,000 talents of iron.” These may be written in modern measurements. Alternate translation: “165 metric tons and 84 kilograms of gold, 330 metric tons of silver, 600 metric tons of bronze, and 3,300 metric tons of iron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) 1CH 29 7 f711 translate-numbers 0 100,000 talents “one hundred thousand talents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) diff --git a/en_tn_14-2CH.tsv b/en_tn_14-2CH.tsv index 1dcacb0658..5a09e9d504 100644 --- a/en_tn_14-2CH.tsv +++ b/en_tn_14-2CH.tsv @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 1 1 vd1l figs-idiom 0 God was with him Here “was with him” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “God supported him” or “God helped him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2CH 1 2 sp3p figs-events 0 General Information: It may be helpful to reorder the events in these verses as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) 2CH 1 2 j3dj 0 spoke to all Israel, to the commanders…heads of the fathers’ house Here “all of Israel” means those people mentioned afterwards. They represent all of Israel. Alternate translation: “spoke to the commanders…heads of the father’s house” -2CH 1 2 sb2m translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and of hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +2CH 1 2 sb2m translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands and of hundreds This could mean: (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers and the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions and the commanders of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 2CH 1 2 g247 0 to every prince in all Israel, the heads of the fathers’ houses Here “the heads of the fathers’ houses” further describe the princes. Alternate translation: “to every prince in all Israel, that is, the heads of the fathers’ houses” 2CH 1 2 m8q8 0 to every prince Here “prince” means leaders in general. They are not necessarily the sons of the king. Alternate translation: “to every leader” 2CH 1 2 c8jd figs-metaphor 0 the heads of the fathers’ houses Here “heads” is a metaphor for the most important part. And “houses” represents families. Alternate translation: “the leaders of the families in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 4 17 qg5k figs-metonymy 0 The king had cast them The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “The king commanded his workers to cast them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 4 17 et7r translate-names 0 Zarethan This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2CH 4 18 wi3y figs-metonymy 0 Solomon made The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “Solomon’s workers made” or “Solomon had his workers make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -2CH 4 18 j8nk figs-activepassive 0 the weight of the bronze could not be known This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) there was so much bronze no one tried to weigh it. Alternate translation: “no one even tried to weigh the bronze” or (2) this is a hyperbole that emphasizes the great amount of bronze. Alternate translation: “no one could even determine how much all the bronze weighed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +2CH 4 18 j8nk figs-activepassive 0 the weight of the bronze could not be known This can be stated in active form. This could mean: (1) there was so much bronze no one tried to weigh it. Alternate translation: “no one even tried to weigh the bronze” or (2) this is a hyperbole that emphasizes the great amount of bronze. Alternate translation: “no one could even determine how much all the bronze weighed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 2CH 4 19 if8a figs-metonymy 0 Solomon made The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “Solomon’s workers made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 4 19 ey5q 0 all the furnishings This refers to all of the bowls and tools that were used in the house of God. 2CH 4 19 qfi9 figs-activepassive 0 the tables on which the bread of the presence was to be placed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the tables on which the priests were to place the bread of the presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -211,15 +211,15 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 6 6 mnv9 figs-metaphor 0 to be over my people Israel Being “over” people represents ruling them. Alternate translation: “to rule my people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 6 7 y8bq 0 Connecting Statement: King Solomon continues speaking to the people at the temple. 2CH 6 7 k1hc figs-metaphor 0 it was in the heart of David my father Here David’s heart is spoken of as if it were a container, and what he desired is spoken of as if it were an item in the container. Alternate translation: “David my father desired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -2CH 6 7 xz4b figs-metonymy 0 for the name of Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh…for me” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh’s reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +2CH 6 7 xz4b figs-metonymy 0 for the name of Yahweh This could mean: (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh…for me” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh’s reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 6 8 q89x figs-metaphor 0 it was in your heart…for it to be in your heart Here David’s heart is spoken of as if it were a container, and what he desired is spoken of as if it were an item in the container. Alternate translation: “you desired…to desire to do that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -2CH 6 8 rdt9 figs-metonymy 0 for my name Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for me” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for my reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +2CH 6 8 rdt9 figs-metonymy 0 for my name This could mean: (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for me” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for my reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 6 8 a4hn 0 In that it was in your heart “Because it was in your heart” or “Because you wanted” 2CH 6 9 d23q 0 one who will come from your loins “one who will be your own offspring” or “one whom you yourself will father” 2CH 6 10 vx39 figs-idiom 0 has carried out the word that he had said This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “has done exactly what he said he would do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2CH 6 10 guj3 figs-metaphor 0 I have arisen in the place of David my father Height is a metaphor for power. Alternate translation: “I have gained the power that David my father had” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 6 10 k9b9 figs-metonymy 0 I sit on the throne of Israel The throne is a metonym for the activity of the one who sits on the throne. Alternate translation: “I rule over Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -2CH 6 10 t3t5 figs-metonymy 0 for the name of Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for the reputation of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +2CH 6 10 t3t5 figs-metonymy 0 for the name of Yahweh This could mean: (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for the reputation of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 6 11 k9lc figs-metonymy 0 in which is Yahweh’s covenant, which The stone tablets on which Yahweh had written the terms of the covenant are spoken of as if they were the covenant itself. Alternate translation: “in which are the tablets on which Yahweh wrote the terms of the covenant that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 6 12 t8dh 0 in the presence of all the assembly of Israel “in front of the people of Israel who had gathered there” 2CH 6 12 exs6 translate-symaction 0 spread out his hands “raised his hands.” This was to show that he was praying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 6 19 lvk6 figs-doublet 0 listen to the cry and prayer that your servant prays before you The words “cry” and “prayer” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he is sincere as he asks Yahweh to help him. Solomon refers to himself as “your servant” to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “listen to me, your servant, as I call for you to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) 2CH 6 20 eck3 figs-metaphor 0 May your eyes be open toward this temple The eyes being open is a metonym for watching, and here watching represents protecting. “Please watch over this temple” or “Please protect this temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 6 20 h167 figs-merism 0 day and night This is a merism. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “continually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -2CH 6 20 e2zd figs-metonymy 0 where you promised to put your name Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “where you promised to be” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “where you promised to make people know you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +2CH 6 20 e2zd figs-metonymy 0 where you promised to put your name This could mean: (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “where you promised to be” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “where you promised to make people know you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 6 20 it7w figs-123person 0 the prayer your servant prays toward this place Solomon refers to himself as “your servant” to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “the prayer that I, your servant, pray toward this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) 2CH 6 21 beg5 0 Connecting Statement: King Solomon continues praying. 2CH 6 21 ae79 figs-123person 0 So listen to the requests of your servant and of your people Israel Solomon speaks of himself as “your servant” to show that he respects Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “So listen to my requests and the requests of your people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) @@ -264,12 +264,12 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 6 24 jp9m figs-activepassive 0 When your people Israel are defeated by an enemy This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When an enemy defeats your people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2CH 6 24 mve8 0 because they have sinned against you “because your people Israel have sinned against you” 2CH 6 24 b8g1 figs-metaphor 0 if they turn back to you Here “turn back to you” represents submitting again to God. Alternate translation: “if they submit to you again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -2CH 6 24 lg98 0 confess your name Possible meanings are (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.” +2CH 6 24 lg98 0 confess your name This could mean: (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.” 2CH 6 24 tl3k figs-abstractnouns 0 request forgiveness before you The abstract noun “forgiveness” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “ask you to forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 2CH 6 25 ejw4 figs-idiom 0 please listen from the heavens To “listen” is an idiom for responding to prayer. Alternate translation: “please honor their prayer” or “please answer their prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2CH 6 25 h3hp figs-explicit 0 bring them back to the land that you gave to them and to their ancestors This implies that when their enemies defeated them, God’s people will have gone to live in other lands. Alternate translation: “bring them back to their own land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2CH 6 26 px2t figs-metaphor 0 When the skies are shut up and there is no rain The sky is spoken of as if it were a building in which God stores the rain, and when God does not want it to rain he closes the door to the building. Alternate translation: “When you do not allow rain to fall from the skies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -2CH 6 26 lgb3 0 confess your name Possible meanings are (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.” +2CH 6 26 lgb3 0 confess your name This could mean: (1) “confess that they have sinned against you” or (2) “praise you” or (3) “say that they will obey you from now on.” 2CH 6 26 ev9b figs-metaphor 0 turn from their sin Here “turn from” is a metaphor for stopping doing it. Alternate translation: “stop committing their sins” or “stop acting sinfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 6 27 x623 figs-metaphor 0 the good way in which they should walk The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “the good way that they should live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 6 27 g7yz figs-metaphor 0 your land, which you have given to your people as an inheritance The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance because God wanted them to possess it forever. Alternate translation: “your land, which you have given to your people to own forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 6 34 w49h figs-hypo 0 Suppose that your people go out…suppose that they pray When Solomon was speaking, these hypothetical situations had not happened, but Solomon knew that they might happen in the future. Use the form in your language for talking about events that have not happened but might happen in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) 2CH 6 34 c3iw translate-symaction 0 they pray to you toward this city…and toward the house Praying toward Jerusalem and the temple shows that they are praying to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 2CH 6 34 p8bb figs-synecdoche 0 the house that I have built Solomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. Alternate translation: “this house that your people have built under my leadership” or “this house that I and your people have built” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -2CH 6 34 rfp6 figs-metonymy 0 for your name Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for you” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for your reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +2CH 6 34 rfp6 figs-metonymy 0 for your name This could mean: (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for you” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for your reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 6 35 b6mm figs-doublet 0 to their prayer, their request The abstract nouns “prayer” and “request” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “to what they request when they pray to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 2CH 6 35 y3ze 0 help their cause This refers to helping them fight against their enemies. 2CH 6 36 ck1s 0 Connecting Statement: King Solomon continues praying. @@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 6 38 z79f translate-symaction 0 that they pray toward their land This refers to Israel. Praying toward Israel would show that they were praying to Yahweh, the God of Israel. Alternate translation: “that they pray facing their land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 2CH 6 38 u463 0 toward the city that you chose This refers to Jerusalem. 2CH 6 38 a8hp figs-synecdoche 0 the house that I have built Solomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. Alternate translation: “the house that your people have built under my leadership” or “the house that I and your people have built” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -2CH 6 38 x5ql figs-metonymy 0 for your name Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for you” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for your reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +2CH 6 38 x5ql figs-metonymy 0 for your name This could mean: (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “for you” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “for your reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 6 39 vtx2 figs-doublet 0 to their prayer and to their requests The words “prayer” and “requests” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people are sincere as they make their requests. Alternate translation: “their requests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 2CH 6 40 sv75 0 Now Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. 2CH 6 40 u6kz figs-metonymy 0 let your eyes be open The eyes being open is a metonym for seeing. Here it represents looking attentively. Alternate translation: “please pay attention to us” or “please look at us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 6 40 a4re figs-activepassive 0 to the prayer that is made in this place This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “to the prayer that we make in this place” or “to us as we pray to you in this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2CH 6 41 w18l figs-metaphor 0 arise, Yahweh God, to your resting place This pictures God as if he were sitting on his throne, and asks that he will get up from his throne and come to this place. Alternate translation: “arise, Yahweh God, and come to your resting place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 6 41 wy6c 0 the ark of your strength “the ark, which is a symbol of your power” -2CH 6 41 w8wp figs-metaphor 0 Let your priests…be clothed with salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with the verb “to save.” Possible meanings are (1) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for experiencing salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests…know that you have saved them” or (2) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for demonstrating salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests…demonstrate how you save people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +2CH 6 41 w8wp figs-metaphor 0 Let your priests…be clothed with salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with the verb “to save.” This could mean: (1) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for experiencing salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests…know that you have saved them” or (2) being clothed with salvation is a metaphor for demonstrating salvation. Alternate translation: “Let your priests…demonstrate how you save people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 2CH 6 42 gdj1 figs-metaphor 0 do not turn the face of your anointed away from you Turning the face of someone away represents rejecting him. Alternate translation: “do not reject your anointed one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 6 42 y5ew figs-metonymy 0 your anointed “your anointed one.” Being anointed is a metonym for being chosen by God. King Solomon may have been speaking specifically about himself. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the one you anointed” or “me, the one you chose to be king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2CH 6 42 fdg8 0 Keep in mind your acts of covenant loyalty for David, your servant The phrase “your acts” can be expressed with the phrase “what you have done.” Alternate translation: “Remember what you have done for David, your servant, because of your covenant loyalty” @@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 7 15 hg3e figs-metonymy 0 my eyes will be open The eyes being open is a metonym for seeing. Here it represents looking attentively. Alternate translation: “I will pay attention to you” or “I will watch you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 7 15 u7pi figs-metonymy 0 my ears attentive to the prayers The ears being attentive is a metonym for listening attentively. Alternate translation: “I will listen to the prayers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 7 15 x4yj figs-activepassive 0 the prayers that are made in this place This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “to the prayers that you make in this place” or “to you as you pray to me in this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -2CH 7 16 q51b figs-metonymy 0 that my name may be there forever Possible meanings are (1) God’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “that I may be there forever” or (2) God’s name represents Yahweh’s reputation, and his name being there represents people worshiping him there. Alternate translation: “for people to worship me there forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +2CH 7 16 q51b figs-metonymy 0 that my name may be there forever This could mean: (1) God’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “that I may be there forever” or (2) God’s name represents Yahweh’s reputation, and his name being there represents people worshiping him there. Alternate translation: “for people to worship me there forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 7 16 ni43 figs-metonymy 0 My eyes and my heart will be there every day Here “My eyes” represents God’s careful attention, and “my heart” represents his love. These being at his temple implies that he will protect his temple. Alternate translation: “I will watch and protect it forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2CH 7 17 whk5 0 As for you Here “you” refers to King Solomon. 2CH 7 17 bqf8 figs-metaphor 0 if you walk before me as David your father walked Here walking is a metaphor for living. Walking before God represents living in obedience to him. Alternate translation: “If you obey me as David your father did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 7 19 s9wz figs-doublet 0 my statutes and my commandments Here the words “commandments” and “statutes” mean basically the same thing and emphasize all that Yahweh has commanded. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 2CH 7 20 z12c figs-metaphor 0 I will uproot them from out of my ground that I have given them The word “them” refers to the people of Israel. God speaks of making his people leave his land as if they were plants that he would pull up by their roots out of the soil. Alternate translation: “I will make them leave the land I have given them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 7 20 l3hd 0 This house This refers to the temple. -2CH 7 20 dh8i figs-metonymy 0 that I have set apart for my name Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “that I have set apart for myself” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “that I have set apart for my reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +2CH 7 20 dh8i figs-metonymy 0 that I have set apart for my name This could mean: (1) Yahweh’s name represents himself. Alternate translation: “that I have set apart for myself” or (2) Yahweh’s name represents his reputation. Alternate translation: “that I have set apart for my reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 7 20 wl1d figs-metaphor 0 I will cast away from before me God speaks of rejecting his temple as if he were to throw it far away from himself. Alternate translation: “I will reject it” or “I will ignore it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 7 20 fx4h 0 I will make it a proverb and a joke among all the peoples “I will cause all the peoples to make proverbs and jokes about it” or “because of what I do to it, all the nations will mock and ridicule it” 2CH 7 21 d147 0 will be shocked “will be amazed” @@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 9 2 jyn4 figs-doublenegatives 0 there was no question that he did not answer This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “he answered every question” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) 2CH 9 3 cq4h figs-metaphor 0 When the queen of Sheba saw Solomon’s wisdom and the palace that he had built Here “saw Solomon’s wisdom” represents realizing that Solomon was very wise. Alternate translation: “When the queen of Sheba realized how wise Solomon was, and when she saw the palace that he had built” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 9 3 yc1c figs-metonymy 0 the palace that he had built The author writes about Solomon having his workers build his palace as if he himself had built it. Alternate translation: “the palace that Solomon had his workers build” or “the palace that he had commanded his workers to build” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -2CH 9 4 ip9a 0 the seating of his servants Possible meanings are (1) where his servants lived or (2) how his servants sat around the table. +2CH 9 4 ip9a 0 the seating of his servants This could mean: (1) where his servants lived or (2) how his servants sat around the table. 2CH 9 4 ahf3 0 his cupbearers “his wine servers.” These were servants who tasted the king’s wine to make sure that there was no poison in it. If it was safe to drink the wine, they would give it to the king. 2CH 9 4 q52q figs-idiom 0 there was no more breath in her This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “she was completely amazed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2CH 9 5 b6j2 0 I heard in my own land “I heard while I was in my own land” @@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 9 8 dtb1 figs-distinguish 0 who has taken pleasure in you, who placed you on his throne These phrases tell why people should praise Yahweh. Alternate translation: “because he has taken pleasure in you and placed you on his throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) 2CH 9 8 qdj4 0 who has taken pleasure in you “who is pleased with you” 2CH 9 8 r6ma figs-metonymy 0 who placed you on his throne, to be king for Yahweh your God The idea of being on Yahweh’s throne represents having the authority to rule as Yahweh does. Being king “for Yahweh” means to represent Yahweh as king. Alternate translation: “who gave you authority to rule as he does, to represent Yahweh your God as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -2CH 9 8 szp3 figs-metaphor 0 in order to establish them forever Possible meanings are (1) “establish” represents helping them in general. Alternate translation: “in order to help them forever” or (2) “establish” represents making them strong as a nation. Alternate translation: “in order to make them a nation forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +2CH 9 8 szp3 figs-metaphor 0 in order to establish them forever This could mean: (1) “establish” represents helping them in general. Alternate translation: “in order to help them forever” or (2) “establish” represents making them strong as a nation. Alternate translation: “in order to make them a nation forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 9 8 h1p5 figs-abstractnouns 0 for you to do justice and righteousness The abstract nouns “justice” and “righteousness” can be expressed with the words “fairly” and “righteously.” Alternate translation: “for you to rule fairly and righteously” or “for you to do what is just and right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 2CH 9 9 ur2t translate-numbers 0 120 talents “one hundred and twenty talents.” A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “about four thousand kilograms of gold” or “about four metric tons of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) 2CH 9 9 de8v figs-activepassive 0 No greater amount of spices…was ever given to him again The verb “was ever given” can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “No one ever gave more spices than the queen of Sheba gave to King Solomon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -453,25 +453,25 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 9 10 nmk6 0 algum wood Algum is a kind of tree that grows in Lebanon. King Hiram sent this kind of wood to Solomon. See how you translated it in [2 Chronicles 2:8](../02/08.md). 2CH 9 11 qy68 figs-metonymy 0 the king made steps…well as harps and lyres The author speaks of the king having his workers make these things as if he himself had made them. Alternate translation: “the king had his workers make the steps…as well as harps and lyres” or “the king’s workers made steps…well as harps and lyres” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 9 11 ej8x figs-activepassive 0 No wood like this had been seen before in the land of Judah This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one had seen wood like this before in the land of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -2CH 9 13 ps2f 0 in one year Possible meanings are (1) this refers to each year or (2) this refers to a particular year. +2CH 9 13 ps2f 0 in one year This could mean: (1) this refers to each year or (2) this refers to a particular year. 2CH 9 13 mi29 translate-bweight 0 666 talents of gold A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “about twenty-two thousand kilograms of gold” or “about twenty-two metric tons of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 2CH 9 15 r2xr figs-metonymy 0 King Solomon made The author writes about Solomon having his workers make the shields as if he himself had made them. Alternate translation: “King Solomon had his workers make” or “King Solomon’s workers made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 9 15 llx6 translate-numbers 0 two hundred large shields “200 large shields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 2CH 9 15 z24b 0 beaten gold “gold that people had beaten into thin sheets” -2CH 9 15 f7gd 0 Six hundred shekels of gold went into each one Here the phrase “went into” represents being made with. Possible meanings are (1) the shields were covered with sheets of gold. Alternate translation: “They covered each shield with six hundred shekels of gold” or (2) the shields were made of gold. Alternate translation: “They made each shield out of six hundred shekels of gold” +2CH 9 15 f7gd 0 Six hundred shekels of gold went into each one Here the phrase “went into” represents being made with. This could mean: (1) the shields were covered with sheets of gold. Alternate translation: “They covered each shield with six hundred shekels of gold” or (2) the shields were made of gold. Alternate translation: “They made each shield out of six hundred shekels of gold” 2CH 9 15 v611 translate-bweight 0 Six hundred shekels of gold A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “Six and one half kilograms of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) 2CH 9 15 dws6 0 Six hundred shekels The word “shekels” does not appear here in the Hebrew text. Some modern versions assume instead the unit called bekah, which was equivalent to only a half shekel. Any version making this assumption would signal a metric equivalent of about three kilograms. 2CH 9 16 i3gs figs-metonymy 0 He also made The author writes about Solomon having his workers make the shields as if he himself had made them. Alternate translation: “King Solomon had his workers also make” or “His workers also made”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 9 16 zsv3 translate-numbers 0 three hundred shields “300 shields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -2CH 9 16 ke2c 0 Three minas of gold went into each shield Here the phrase “went into” represents being made with. Possible meanings are (1) the shields were covered with sheets of gold. Alternate translation: “They covered each shield with three minas of gold” or (2) the shields were made of gold. Alternate translation: “They made each shield out of three minas of gold” +2CH 9 16 ke2c 0 Three minas of gold went into each shield Here the phrase “went into” represents being made with. This could mean: (1) the shields were covered with sheets of gold. Alternate translation: “They covered each shield with three minas of gold” or (2) the shields were made of gold. Alternate translation: “They made each shield out of three minas of gold” 2CH 9 16 m5ie translate-bweight 0 Three minas of gold A mina is about 600 grams. You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “One and three-quarters kilograms of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) 2CH 9 16 xhy9 figs-metonymy 0 the king put them The author writes about Solomon having his workers put the shields in the palace as if he himself had put them there. Alternate translation: “King Solomon had his workers put them” or “King Solomon’s workers put them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -2CH 9 16 d7ui translate-names 0 the House of the Forest of Lebanon Solomon’s palace was built of trees from Lebanon. Possible meanings are (1) this was the name of a large room in the palace. Alternate translation: “the Hall of the Forest of Lebanon” or (2) this was the name of his whole palace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +2CH 9 16 d7ui translate-names 0 the House of the Forest of Lebanon Solomon’s palace was built of trees from Lebanon. This could mean: (1) this was the name of a large room in the palace. Alternate translation: “the Hall of the Forest of Lebanon” or (2) this was the name of his whole palace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2CH 9 17 b488 figs-metonymy 0 the king made a great throne The author speaks of commanding his workers to build the throne as if he himself had built it. Alternate translation: “the king had his workers make a great throne” or “the king’s workers made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 9 17 j15s 0 a great throne of ivory “a great throne decorated with ivory” 2CH 9 17 lgr9 translate-unknown 0 ivory Ivory is the hard, white substance from the tusks or teeth of large animals, such as the elephant, walrus, or hippopotamus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 2CH 9 18 v6bc figs-explicit 0 two lions These were statues. Alternate translation: “two statues of lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -2CH 9 20 h9zg translate-names 0 the House of the Forest of Lebanon Solomon’s palace was built of trees from Lebanon. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 9:16](../09/16.md). Possible meanings are (1) this was the name of a large room in the palace. Alternate translation: “the Hall of the Forest of Lebanon” or (2) this was the name of his whole palace. Alternate translation: “the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +2CH 9 20 h9zg translate-names 0 the House of the Forest of Lebanon Solomon’s palace was built of trees from Lebanon. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 9:16](../09/16.md). This could mean: (1) this was the name of a large room in the palace. Alternate translation: “the Hall of the Forest of Lebanon” or (2) this was the name of his whole palace. Alternate translation: “the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2CH 9 20 i115 figs-activepassive 0 silver was not considered valuable in Solomon’s days Silver was so common in Solomon’s days that if a king wanted to show his wealth, he would not do it by making things out of silver. Instead he would use gold, which was less common and more valuable. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people did not value silver so much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2CH 9 20 d78i figs-explicit 0 in Solomon’s days Here “Solomon’s days” refers to the time when Solomon ruled. Alternate translation: “when Solomon ruled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2CH 9 21 y4vx 0 a fleet of oceangoing ships “a group of ships that travel on the ocean” @@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 11 11 x59w figs-explicit 0 He fortified the fortresses Here the word “fortresses” refers to fortified cities. That Rehoboam “fortified the fortresses” means that he built up and strengthened the defenses of these fortified cities. Alternate translation: “He strengthened the defenses of the fortified cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2CH 11 12 d49t 0 made them very strong “made the cities very strong” 2CH 11 12 e62q 0 Judah and Benjamin belonged to him Rehoboam was in control of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. -2CH 11 13 fza2 0 The priests and the Levites…went over to him from within their borders Possible meanings are (1) “The priests and Levites…supported Rehoboam from within their borders” or (2) “The priests and Levites…traveled from within their borders to join Rehoboam.” +2CH 11 13 fza2 0 The priests and the Levites…went over to him from within their borders This could mean: (1) “The priests and Levites…supported Rehoboam from within their borders” or (2) “The priests and Levites…traveled from within their borders to join Rehoboam.” 2CH 11 14 dm8b 0 pasturelands lands used for animals 2CH 11 14 x37j figs-idiom 0 Jeroboam and his sons had driven them away To “drive away” is an idiom that means to forcefully cause someone to leave. Alternate translation: “Jeroboam and his sons had forced them to leave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2CH 11 15 duw5 figs-metonymy 0 the goat and calf idols he had made It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Jeroboam make these idols. Alternate translation: “the goat idols and calf idols that he had his craftsmen make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 12 5 nb5s figs-metonymy 0 so I have also given you over into Shishak’s hand Here the word “hand” represents power. Yahweh speaks of enabling Shishak’s army to defeat the king and the others in Jerusalem as if he were placing them into Shishak’s hand. Alternate translation: “so I have enabled Shishak to defeat you” or “so I have given you to Shishak as captives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 12 7 gf96 0 they had humbled themselves “the princes of Israel and the king had humbled themselves” 2CH 12 7 ltq3 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came…saying This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message…and he said” or “Yahweh spoke these words…and he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -2CH 12 7 h5pb 0 I will rescue them to some extent Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will permit Shishak to attack Jerusalem and cause trouble for the people, but he will rescue them from total destruction or (2) the words “to some extent” can be translated as soon, meaning that Yahweh will rescue the people of Jerusalem before Shishak can completely destroy the city. +2CH 12 7 h5pb 0 I will rescue them to some extent This could mean: (1) Yahweh will permit Shishak to attack Jerusalem and cause trouble for the people, but he will rescue them from total destruction or (2) the words “to some extent” can be translated as soon, meaning that Yahweh will rescue the people of Jerusalem before Shishak can completely destroy the city. 2CH 12 7 ixx1 figs-metaphor 0 my anger will not pour out on Jerusalem Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a liquid, and of expressing his anger as if he were to pour out that liquid. Alternate translation: “I will not express my anger against Jerusalem” or “Jerusalem will not suffer the effects of my anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 12 7 t19p figs-synecdoche 0 by means of Shishak’s hand Here the word “hand” represents Shishak himself. Alternate translation: “by means of Shishak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 2CH 12 9 n442 figs-metonymy 0 Shishak, king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem “Shishak, king of Egypt” here is a metonym for Shishak along with the Egyptian army. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 12:2](../12/02.md). Alternate translation: “Shishak, king of Egypt, and his army with him, came up against Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -677,10 +677,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 14 11 kg3d figs-metonymy 0 in your name Here “name” represents Yahweh’s authority. Alternate translation: “on your behalf” or “by your authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 14 11 i4yk figs-explicit 0 do not let man defeat you Since the army of Judah is fighting in Yahweh’s name, Asa speaks of Zerah defeating Judah as if Zerah were to defeat Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “do not let man defeat your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2CH 14 12 cak6 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh struck the Cushites before Asa and Judah God enabling the army of Judah to defeat the Cushites is spoken of as if God struck the Cushites. Alternate translation: “God enabled Asa and the army of Judah to defeat the Cushites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -2CH 14 13 gq8v 0 So many Cushites fell that they could not recover Possible meanings are (1) “So many Cushites died that the army could not recover” or (2) “So many Cushites died that there were none who remained alive.” +2CH 14 13 gq8v 0 So many Cushites fell that they could not recover This could mean: (1) “So many Cushites died that the army could not recover” or (2) “So many Cushites died that there were none who remained alive.” 2CH 14 13 j42c figs-euphemism 0 So many Cushites fell Here to “fall” is a euphemism for dying in battle. Alternate translation: “So many Cushites died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 2CH 14 13 y95c figs-activepassive 0 for they were completely destroyed before Yahweh and his army This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh’s army completely destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -2CH 14 14 a7vh figs-metaphor 0 for terror of Yahweh had come on the inhabitants The inhabitants of the villages being terrified is spoken of as if terror were an object that came upon them. Possible meanings are (1) “terror of Yahweh” refers to terror from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh had caused the inhabitants to be terrified” or (2) “terror of Yahweh” refers to being terrified of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “for the inhabitants were terrified of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +2CH 14 14 a7vh figs-metaphor 0 for terror of Yahweh had come on the inhabitants The inhabitants of the villages being terrified is spoken of as if terror were an object that came upon them. This could mean: (1) “terror of Yahweh” refers to terror from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh had caused the inhabitants to be terrified” or (2) “terror of Yahweh” refers to being terrified of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “for the inhabitants were terrified of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 15 intro abcf 0 # 2 Chronicles 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The section about King Asa continues in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Promise<br>The people promise to serve the Lord. This is something they will ultimately fail to do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br><br>The phrase “seek Yahweh” means “wanting to believe and obey Yahweh.” This is a common way to describe proper worship of Yahweh. It is possible the meaning of this idiom is about a desire to properly worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2CH 15 1 a8dj figs-idiom 0 The Spirit of God came on Azariah This is an idiom which means that the spirit of God influenced Azariah and enabled him to prophesy. Alternate translation: “The Spirit of God gave Azariah the ability to prophesy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2CH 15 1 jvp5 translate-names 0 Oded This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 15 11 cb7r translate-numbers 0 seven hundred…seven thousand “700…7,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 2CH 15 12 aq2r figs-idiom 0 with all their heart and with all their soul Together, these two phrases form an idiomatic expression that refers to a person’s entire being. Alternate translation: “with all their beings” or “wholeheartedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 2CH 15 13 yp2f figs-activepassive 0 be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “should die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -2CH 15 13 cg98 figs-metaphor 0 whether the person was small or great Possible meanings are (1) a person’s importance within the community is spoken of as if the person were small or great. Alternate translation: “whether the person was important or not” or (2) a young person is spoken of as if he were small and an old person is spoken of as if he were great. Alternate translation: “whether the person was young or old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +2CH 15 13 cg98 figs-metaphor 0 whether the person was small or great This could mean: (1) a person’s importance within the community is spoken of as if the person were small or great. Alternate translation: “whether the person was important or not” or (2) a young person is spoken of as if he were small and an old person is spoken of as if he were great. Alternate translation: “whether the person was young or old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 15 15 hjl3 figs-hyperbole 0 All Judah rejoiced Here the word “all” is a generalization. The phrase means that people from all over Judah rejoiced. Alternate translation: “People all over Judah rejoiced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 2CH 15 15 gs5l figs-idiom 0 with all their heart The idiom “with all their heart” means “with complete devotion.” Alternate translation: “with complete devotion” or “wholeheartedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2CH 15 15 sc7r figs-activepassive 0 he was found by them This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 15:4](../15/04.md). Alternate translation: “they found him” or “he permitted them to find him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 17 11 i95m translate-numbers 0 7,700 rams, and 7,700 goats The number can also be written as seven thousand seven hundred. This is a description of the flocks that the Arabians brought Jehoshaphat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 2CH 17 12 htg5 figs-metonymy 0 He built fortresses and store cities Jehoshaphat did not build these things himself, rather he commanded his workers to build them. Alternate translation: “His workers built fortresses and store cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 17 14 lw9k figs-activepassive 0 These were their divisions listed by the name of their fathers’ houses This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The divisions by the name of their fathers’ houses were as follows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -2CH 17 14 trd6 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands The phrase “commander of thousands” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “thousands” represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “thousands” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +2CH 17 14 trd6 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of thousands The phrase “commander of thousands” is probably an official title for a military officer. This could mean: (1) the word “thousands” represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 1,000 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “thousands” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of large military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 2CH 17 14 rvd4 translate-names 0 Adnah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2CH 17 14 pb9d translate-numbers 0 300000 “three hundred thousand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 2CH 17 15 h2g8 translate-names 0 Jehohanan (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -843,7 +843,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 18 31 sww1 0 That is the king of Israel Jehoshaphat was wrongly identified as the king of Israel because Ahab had insisted that he wear kingly robes. 2CH 18 31 c71a 0 God turned them away from him “God caused them to stop pursuing him” 2CH 18 31 w122 0 It came about that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -2CH 18 33 xs83 0 drew his bow at random Possible meanings are (1) he took aim to shoot a soldier without knowing that it was Ahab or (2) he drew his bow to shoot without any specific target in mind. +2CH 18 33 xs83 0 drew his bow at random This could mean: (1) he took aim to shoot a soldier without knowing that it was Ahab or (2) he drew his bow to shoot without any specific target in mind. 2CH 18 33 ggx8 0 between the joints of his armor This is a place where two pieces of armor meet and is susceptible to arrows and swords. 2CH 18 34 qv2q figs-activepassive 0 the king of Israel was held up in his chariot This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone held the king of Israel up in his chariot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2CH 19 intro abcj 0 # 2 Chronicles 19 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The story of Jehoshaphat as king continues in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Levite judges<br>Jehoshaphat appointed many Levites to be judges and told them to be very fair. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) @@ -863,7 +863,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 19 5 x63t 0 fortified cities cities with walls around them for protection 2CH 19 5 z8j6 0 city by city “for every city” 2CH 19 6 gxr5 0 He said to the judges “Jehoshaphat said to the judges” -2CH 19 6 fys3 figs-idiom 0 he is with you Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh was aware of what the judges decided or (2) Yahweh would hold the judges accountable for their decisions or (3) Yahweh would help and guide them in their decisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +2CH 19 6 fys3 figs-idiom 0 he is with you This could mean: (1) Yahweh was aware of what the judges decided or (2) Yahweh would hold the judges accountable for their decisions or (3) Yahweh would help and guide them in their decisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2CH 19 7 zrc9 0 let the fear of Yahweh be upon you This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “you should remember to fear Yahweh when you judge” 2CH 19 7 k52c figs-abstractnouns 0 there is no iniquity with Yahweh our God, nor is there any favoritism or bribe taking The abstract nouns “iniquity,” “favoritism,” and “bribe” can be translated using the verbs “sin,” “favor,” and “bribe.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh our God will not sin or favor one person over another in judgment or be bribed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 2CH 19 8 mdr1 figs-metaphor 0 heads of the ancestral houses Here “heads” is a metaphor for the most important part, and “houses” represents families. Alternate translation: “leaders of the ancient families” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 21 14 g535 0 see This tells Jehoram to pay attention to the message that follows. 2CH 21 14 j454 0 strike with a great plague “cause a great plague to happen to” 2CH 21 15 q6nu figs-rpronouns 0 You yourself The use of the reflexive “yourself” emphasizes that this is a personal judgment on Jehoram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -2CH 21 15 gg3z figs-metaphor 0 until your intestines fall out because of the sickness Possible meanings are (1) his intestines will literally fall out or (2) this is a metaphor that describes intestinal problems that will result in his death. Alternate translation: “until this disease causes your death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +2CH 21 15 gg3z figs-metaphor 0 until your intestines fall out because of the sickness This could mean: (1) his intestines will literally fall out or (2) this is a metaphor that describes intestinal problems that will result in his death. Alternate translation: “until this disease causes your death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 21 16 fzg5 figs-metonymy 0 stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and of the Arabians Stirring the spirit is a metonym for making someone want to act. Here “spirit” is singular and refers to the Philistines as a group and to the Arabians as a group. Alternate translation: “provoked against Jehoram the Philistines and the Arabians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 21 16 f277 figs-synecdoche 0 against Jehoram Here Jehoram refers to Jehoram and the people of Judah that he ruled. Alternate translation: “against Jehoram and the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 2CH 21 16 uu9q figs-explicit 0 the spirit of the Philistines and of the Arabians who were near the Cushites The Philistines and the Arabians were two different nations. The Arabians lived southeast of Judah near the Cushites, and the Philistines lived west of Judah. These nations were stirred up separately. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the spirit of the Philistines and the spirit of the Arabians who were near the Cushites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -1028,7 +1028,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 22 7 fsr1 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Ahab The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the descendants of Ahab. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 21:6](../21/06.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Ahab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 22 8 nil2 0 It came about This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. 2CH 22 8 f4j8 0 carrying out God’s judgment on the house of Ahab This refers to killing the descendants of Ahab. Alternate translation: “killing all the descendants of Ahab as God had commanded” -2CH 22 8 y16a 0 the sons of Ahaziah’s brothers Possible meanings are (1) Ahaziah’s nephews or (2) the sons of Ahaziah’s relatives . +2CH 22 8 y16a 0 the sons of Ahaziah’s brothers This could mean: (1) Ahaziah’s nephews or (2) the sons of Ahaziah’s relatives . 2CH 22 9 w5uj 0 they caught him…killed him “they caught Ahaziah…killed Ahaziah” 2CH 22 9 pvb7 figs-explicit 0 they buried him, for they said, “He is a son of Jehoshaphat, who sought Yahweh with all his heart.” They honored him enough to bury his body because he was the descendant of Jehoshaphat, who was a good king. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: they buried his corpse, because they said, “He deserves to be buried, because he was a descendant of Jehoshaphat, who tried hard to please Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2CH 22 9 kaw8 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Ahaziah had no more power to rule the kingdom Here “house of Ahaziah” is a metonym that refers to Ahaziah’s descendants. Here “power to rule” is a metonym for a king. Since all the adult descendants of Ahaziah were dead, there was no one left to rule Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 23 1 sr8q figs-explicit 0 General Information: Throughout chapter 23, Joash is referred to as “the king.” It may be helpful to your readers to occasionally add “King Joash” or “Joash the king” to make his identity explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2CH 23 1 j4s2 translate-names 0 Jehoiada the chief priest who served in the temple and was faithful to God. He was an advisor to Joash. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2CH 23 1 s3ap 0 showed his strength He decided it was time to challenge Athaliah’s rule and reveal that Joash was alive and ready to be king. Alternate translation: “decided to act” -2CH 23 1 qa9v translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +2CH 23 1 qa9v translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. This could mean: (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 2CH 23 1 nsc1 0 entered into a covenant “made an agreement” 2CH 23 1 hg6w translate-names 0 Azariah…Ishmael…Azariah…Maaseiah…Elishaphat These five men were the commanders of hundreds of soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2CH 23 1 h188 translate-names 0 Jeroham…Jehohanan…Obed…Adaiah…Zichri These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -1060,7 +1060,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 23 7 h1ia 0 The Levites must surround the king on all sides “The Levites must surround the king on all sides in order to protect him” 2CH 23 7 qr4l 0 all sides, every man with his weapons in his hand “all sides, and every temple guard should have his weapons and be ready to fight” 2CH 23 7 zl56 figs-explicit 0 Whoever comes into the house, let him be killed This did not include the temple guards and the priests. This can be stated explicitly and in active form. Alternate translation: “You must kill anyone except the temple guards and the priests who come into the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -2CH 23 7 w2bd figs-idiom 0 when he comes in and when he goes out Possible meanings are (1) “at all times” or (2) “wherever he goes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +2CH 23 7 w2bd figs-idiom 0 when he comes in and when he goes out This could mean: (1) “at all times” or (2) “wherever he goes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2CH 23 8 xqu4 figs-hyperbole 0 all Judah This is a generalization to refer to all the people of Judah who were present in the courtyard that day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 2CH 23 8 m6jh 0 served in every way in the manner in which Jehoiada the priest commanded “did exactly what Jehoiada the priest commanded” or “obeyed everything that Jehoiada the priest commanded” 2CH 23 8 u5l3 0 Each one took his men…any of their divisions The priests and guards served in divisions, with each group working for two weeks. This refers to the point in time when two divisions were present—the one ending their service and the one starting their service. Thus there were twice as many men as usual. @@ -1078,9 +1078,9 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 23 13 r48v translate-symaction 0 Athaliah tore her clothes This was a symbolic action to show her great distress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 2CH 23 13 ut9m 0 Treason! Treason! Treason is acting to overthrow the government. Athaliah had killed the legitimate heirs of the king and made herself ruler in [2 Chronicles 22:10](../22/10.md). She was angry that Joash became king in her place. The exclamation is repeated for emphasis. Alternate translation: “You are committing treason!” 2CH 23 14 v54k translate-names 0 Jehoiada Translate this man’s name as in [2 Chronicles 22:11](../22/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -2CH 23 14 ec86 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 23:1](../23/01.md). Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +2CH 23 14 ec86 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. This could mean: (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 23:1](../23/01.md). Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 2CH 23 14 m46m 0 who were over the army “who were leaders in the army” -2CH 23 14 vug9 0 Bring her out between the ranks Possible meanings are (1) “Surround her and bring her out of the temple courtyard” or (2) “Remove her from the people in the temple courtyard” +2CH 23 14 vug9 0 Bring her out between the ranks This could mean: (1) “Surround her and bring her out of the temple courtyard” or (2) “Remove her from the people in the temple courtyard” 2CH 23 14 s2az figs-activepassive 0 anyone who follows her, let him be killed with the sword This can be stated in active form. It is implied that people who followed her would be trying to help her. Alternate translation: “Use your sword to kill anyone who comes to help her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2CH 23 14 l9pu 0 For the priest had said “For Jehoiada the priest had said” 2CH 23 15 fpq7 0 as she went into the entrance of the Horse Gate of the king’s house Some versions have “and took her to the Horse Gate near the entrance of the kings’ house” @@ -1091,7 +1091,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 23 18 sb5q figs-metonymy 0 under the hand of the priests Here “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “under the direction of the priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 23 19 zr6t figs-metaphor 0 so that no one that was unclean in any way should enter A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if they were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “so that no one that was unacceptable to God in any way should enter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 23 19 n7gl figs-doublenegatives 0 so that no one that was unclean in any way should enter This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “to make sure that only those who are clean could enter” or “to make sure only those who are acceptable to God could enter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -2CH 23 20 kvk5 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. Possible meanings are (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 23:1](../23/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +2CH 23 20 kvk5 translate-numbers 0 the commanders of hundreds The phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. This could mean: (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 23:1](../23/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 2CH 23 20 a2v6 figs-hyperbole 0 all the people of the land This is a generalization that means he took very many people with him. Alternate translation: “a very large group of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 2CH 23 20 zax5 0 He brought down the king from the house of Yahweh The temple was built on the highest hill in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “He brought the king down from the temple to the palace” 2CH 23 20 tc95 0 the throne of the kingdom “the royal throne” @@ -1162,7 +1162,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 25 5 n6hs figs-metonymy 0 gathered Judah together Here “Judah” refers to the people who lived in Judah. Alternate translation: “gathered the people of Judah together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 25 5 uf4a 0 registered them…numbered them He had someone write their names on an official list. 2CH 25 5 c5qe figs-metonymy 0 by their ancestors’ houses Here the word “houses” is a metonym for the families that lived in them. Alternate translation: “by their ancestors’ families” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -2CH 25 5 yu4d translate-numbers 0 commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “commanders of 1,000 soldiers and commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “commanders of large military divisions and commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +2CH 25 5 yu4d translate-numbers 0 commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds This could mean: (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these commanders led. Alternate translation: “commanders of 1,000 soldiers and commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “commanders of large military divisions and commanders of smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 2CH 25 5 y5vt figs-metonymy 0 all of Judah and Benjamin Here “Judah” and “Benjamin” refer to the people who lived in the wider kingdom of Judah. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah and Benjamin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 25 5 l7tc figs-metaphor 0 twenty years old and upward Here numbers that were larger than twenty are spoken of as if they were higher. Alternate translation: “20 years old and older” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 25 5 cp1c 0 found them to be “learned that there were” @@ -1348,7 +1348,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 28 23 dud5 figs-abstractnouns 0 they were the ruin of him and of all Israel The word “ruin” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “those gods ruined him and all Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 2CH 28 23 s5rh 0 all Israel Here “Israel” represents the southern kingdom of Judah. 2CH 28 24 aq8i figs-metonymy 0 the house of God…the house of Yahweh Here the word “house” represents the temple. Alternate translation: “the temple of God…the temple of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -2CH 28 24 r4zt figs-metaphor 0 in every corner of Jerusalem Possible meanings are (1) the word “corner” refers to street corners, or places where streets intersect. Alternate translation: “on every street corner in Jerusalem” or (2) the various parts of Jerusalem are spoken of as if they were the corners of the city. Alternate translation: “in every part of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +2CH 28 24 r4zt figs-metaphor 0 in every corner of Jerusalem This could mean: (1) the word “corner” refers to street corners, or places where streets intersect. Alternate translation: “on every street corner in Jerusalem” or (2) the various parts of Jerusalem are spoken of as if they were the corners of the city. Alternate translation: “in every part of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 28 24 a6t1 figs-metonymy 0 he made for himself altars Since Ahaz was king, he may have had his workers make these high places. Alternate translation: “he had his workers make altars for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 28 25 hu6h figs-metonymy 0 he made high places to burn sacrifices Since Ahaz was king, he may have had his workers make these high places. Alternate translation: “he had his workers make high places to burn sacrifices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 28 26 q9h8 figs-metaphor 0 all his ways, first and last Ahaz’s actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which he walked. The phrase “first and last” refers to those extremes and everything in between. Alternate translation: “all that he did from the beginning of his reign to the end of his reign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) @@ -1377,7 +1377,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 29 9 s1cz figs-idiom 0 our fathers have fallen by the sword The idiom “fallen by the sword” means to die in battle. The word “sword” represents the soldiers, who used swords as their primary weapons. Alternate translation: “our fathers have died in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 29 10 kk25 figs-metonymy 0 it is in my heart Here the word “heart” represents the thoughts and intentions. Hezekiah speaks of deciding to do something as if that thing were in his heart. Alternate translation: “it is my intention” or “I have decided” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2CH 29 10 n8z4 figs-metaphor 0 his fierce anger may turn away from us Hezekiah speaks of Yahweh no longer being angry with them as if Yahweh’s anger were a person who turns away from them Alternate translation: “he may no longer be angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -2CH 29 11 h7hq figs-idiom 0 to stand before him Possible meanings are (1) “to stand in his presence” or (2) this is an idiom that means to serve a person of high rank. Alternate translation: “to serve him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +2CH 29 11 h7hq figs-idiom 0 to stand before him This could mean: (1) “to stand in his presence” or (2) this is an idiom that means to serve a person of high rank. Alternate translation: “to serve him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2CH 29 12 qf5d translate-names 0 General Information: These verses list the names of the Levites who began to do the work that Hezekiah had ordered them to do. These are all men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2CH 29 12 rbc2 figs-idiom 0 the Levites arose Here the word “arose” is an idiom that means that the Levites began to act. Alternate translation: “the Levites began to work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2CH 29 15 mj7w 0 following the words of Yahweh This phrase shows that the king gave his command in obedience to the word of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “in obedience to the word of Yahweh” or “because of what Yahweh had said” @@ -1466,7 +1466,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 30 21 wlu2 0 singing with loud instruments to Yahweh “singing and playing loud musical instruments to Yahweh” 2CH 30 22 i564 figs-distinguish 0 who understood the service of Yahweh This was the reason that he spoke encouragingly to them. Alternate translation: “because they understood the service of Yahweh” or “because they served Yahweh skillfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) 2CH 30 22 d2rq 0 So they ate throughout the festival The word “they” refers to the people of Israel. -2CH 30 22 qnw4 0 making confession to Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) “confession” here refers to saying that God is great. Alternate translation: “praising Yahweh” or (2) “confession” here refers to admitting their sins. Alternate translation: “confessing their sins to Yahweh” +2CH 30 22 qnw4 0 making confession to Yahweh This could mean: (1) “confession” here refers to saying that God is great. Alternate translation: “praising Yahweh” or (2) “confession” here refers to admitting their sins. Alternate translation: “confessing their sins to Yahweh” 2CH 30 24 y3lu 0 Hezekiah…gave the assembly…bulls and…sheep as an offering Hezekiah gave the animals to the people as an offering to the Lord for the people to eat. 2CH 30 24 ez4q translate-numbers 0 one thousand bulls…seven thousand sheep…one thousand bulls…ten thousand sheep and goats “1,000 bulls…7,000 sheep…1,000 bulls…10,000 sheep and goats” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 2CH 30 25 wa91 0 All the assembly of Judah Here “Judah” probably refers to the southern tribes of Israel. @@ -1525,7 +1525,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 32 4 s837 figs-rquestion 0 Why should the kings of Assyria come and find a lot of water? The people use a rhetorical question to emphasize that they do not want the kings of Assyria to find their water. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We do not want the kings of Assyria to come here and find a lot of water.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 2CH 32 4 k77q figs-idiom 0 the kings of Assyria Possible meanings for “kings” are (1) this is an idiom that refers to the one king of Assyria. Alternate translation: “the king of Assyria” or (2) this may refer to the king and his other leaders. Alternate translation: “the king and the other leaders of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2CH 32 5 axu1 figs-synecdoche 0 Hezekiah took courage and built up…He built…He also…he made The readers should understand that Hezekiah probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah took courage and commanded the people to build up…They built…They also…they made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -2CH 32 5 m33q grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 Hezekiah took courage and built up Possible meanings are (1) Hezekiah strengthened his position by commanding the people to repair the walls of the city. You can make this clear by using the connecting word “by.” Alternate translation: “Hezekiah strengthened the city by building up” or (2) he became encouraged. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah became encouraged and built up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) +2CH 32 5 m33q grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 Hezekiah took courage and built up This could mean: (1) Hezekiah strengthened his position by commanding the people to repair the walls of the city. You can make this clear by using the connecting word “by.” Alternate translation: “Hezekiah strengthened the city by building up” or (2) he became encouraged. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah became encouraged and built up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) 2CH 32 5 k73i 0 the Millo This is a part of the wall on the north side of Jerusalem. 2CH 32 6 hs5z figs-idiom 0 He placed military commanders over the people The idiom “place over” means to put in charge of. “He put military commanders in charge of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2CH 32 7 u7m5 0 for someone is with us who is greater than those with him “for our God is with us and is more powerful than those with the king of Assyria” @@ -1667,7 +1667,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 34 21 e2m2 figs-activepassive 0 all that was written in it This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all that is written in it” or “all that is in this book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2CH 34 22 p3p5 translate-names 0 Huldah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2CH 34 22 ak1d translate-names 0 Shallum…Tokhath…Hasrah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -2CH 34 22 vd7l 0 keeper of the wardrobe This refers to Shallum. Possible meanings are (1) the person who took care of the clothing that priests wore in the temple or (2) the person who took care of the king’s clothing. +2CH 34 22 vd7l 0 keeper of the wardrobe This refers to Shallum. This could mean: (1) the person who took care of the clothing that priests wore in the temple or (2) the person who took care of the king’s clothing. 2CH 34 22 yp5b translate-ordinal 0 the Second District This was a cerain part of Jerusalem. It may have been a newer part. Alternate translation: “The Second Part” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) 2CH 34 22 f1d3 0 they spoke with her in this way “they had the following conversation with her” 2CH 34 23 k4fz 0 the man who sent you to me Here “the man” refers to King Josiah. @@ -1761,7 +1761,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2CH 35 22 csu6 translate-names 0 the Valley of Megiddo This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2CH 35 24 lf7i figs-metonymy 0 All Judah and Jerusalem “Judah” and “Jerusalem” represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “All the people of Judah and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2CH 35 25 sc73 0 to this day This means the day on which the writer wrote. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 5:9](../05/09.md). -2CH 35 25 zsf9 0 behold, they Possible meanings: (1) “this is where they are: they” or (2) “they still exist: they.” +2CH 35 25 zsf9 0 behold, they This could mean: (1) “this is where they are: they” or (2) “they still exist: they.” 2CH 35 25 qbx9 0 the songs of lament This was an ancient scroll of funeral songs. 2CH 35 26 g6lf figs-activepassive 0 his good deeds done This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the good deeds that he did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2CH 35 26 r9xn figs-activepassive 0 what is written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/en_tn_16-NEH.tsv b/en_tn_16-NEH.tsv index 4b2a1668ef..cbc955277a 100644 --- a/en_tn_16-NEH.tsv +++ b/en_tn_16-NEH.tsv @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ NEH 1 2 l6cw חֲנָ֜נִי אֶחָ֧ד 1 one of my brothers The term **brot NEH 1 2 abc7 figs-gendernotations ה֥וּא וַאֲנָשִׁ֖ים 1 he and men This was a delegation that had come from one Jewish community to visit another Jewish community in another part of the world. So it’s possible that it included women as well as men. Alternate translation: “along with some other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) NEH 1 2 lg14 translate-names מִֽיהוּדָ֑ה 1 from Judah Judah was formerly the southern kingdom of the Israelites. It was now a Persian province. Alternate translation: “the province of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 1 2 abc9 figs-parallelism הַיְּהוּדִ֧ים הַפְּלֵיטָ֛ה אֲשֶֽׁר־נִשְׁאֲר֥וּ מִן־הַשֶּׁ֖בִי 1 the Jews who escaped, who were left behind from the captivity These two phrases mean the same thing. Nehemiah uses them together for clarity to describe one particular group of people, and perhaps also to express his particular concern for them. You do not need to repeat both phrases in your translation if that would be confusing for your readers. Alternate translation: “the Jews who had escaped the exile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -NEH 1 2 q7zi figs-explicit הַיְּהוּדִ֧ים הַפְּלֵיטָ֛ה אֲשֶֽׁר־נִשְׁאֲר֥וּ מִן־הַשֶּׁ֖בִי 1 the Jews who escaped, who were left behind from the captivity These two phrases refer to the same group of people. Possible meanings are (1) the few Jews who were taken as exiles to Babylon but who later were able to return and live in Jerusalem or (2) the few Jews who had escaped from those who were trying to take them into exile in Babylon and so remained in Jerusalem. It is probably best to translate this in a way that can include both groups. Alternate translation: “the Jews who had escaped the exile and who remained in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +NEH 1 2 q7zi figs-explicit הַיְּהוּדִ֧ים הַפְּלֵיטָ֛ה אֲשֶֽׁר־נִשְׁאֲר֥וּ מִן־הַשֶּׁ֖בִי 1 the Jews who escaped, who were left behind from the captivity These two phrases refer to the same group of people. This could mean: (1) the few Jews who were taken as exiles to Babylon but who later were able to return and live in Jerusalem or (2) the few Jews who had escaped from those who were trying to take them into exile in Babylon and so remained in Jerusalem. It is probably best to translate this in a way that can include both groups. Alternate translation: “the Jews who had escaped the exile and who remained in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) NEH 1 2 ab11 figs-abstractnouns הַשֶּׁ֖בִי 1 the captivity **Captivity** is an abstract noun that refers to the Jews being taken away from their homeland. Judah had been conquered by the Babylonians about 150 years before this. At that time, the Babylonians took many people away from Judah and relocated them to different parts of their empire. About 50 years later, the Persian Empire conquered Babylon and so the Babylonian empire became the Persian empire. The Jews who had been captured by Babylon now lived in Persia, although some had since returned to Judah. You can translate the idea of **captivity** with a phrase such as “the time when the Jews were taken away” or “the time when soldiers forced many Jews to go to Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) NEH 1 2 ab13 figs-explicit וְעַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם 1 and about Jerusalem Jerusalem had been the capital city of the kingdom of Judah. Nehemiah was asking specifically about the physical condition of the buildings and walls in the city, in addition to asking about the welfare of the Jewish community in Judah. Alternate translation: “about the condition of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) NEH 1 3 igf2 figs-parallelism הַֽנִּשְׁאָרִ֞ים אֲשֶֽׁר־נִשְׁאֲר֤וּ מִן־הַשְּׁבִי֙ 1 the ones left behind, who were left behind from the captivity These two statements mean similar things. Nehemiah says the same thing twice, in slightly different ways, to show his concern for this group. You do not need to repeat both phrases in your translation if that would be confusing for your readers. Alternate translation: “the Jews who escaped the exile and remained” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) diff --git a/en_tn_17-EST.tsv b/en_tn_17-EST.tsv index d21925a9b1..c4761ca849 100644 --- a/en_tn_17-EST.tsv +++ b/en_tn_17-EST.tsv @@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ EST 3 12 j27r figs-idiom מְדִינָ֤ה וּמְדִינָה֙ כִּ EST 3 12 abm8 figs-explicit מְדִינָ֤ה וּמְדִינָה֙ כִּכְתָבָ֔הּ 1 province by province according to its writing The implication is that the scribes translated the letter and sent it to each province using its own alphabet. If it would be clearer in your language, you can say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EST 3 12 j31r figs-idiom וְעַ֥ם וָעָ֖ם כִּלְשׁוֹנ֑וֹ 1 and to people by people according to its own tongue See how you translated this expression in [1:22](../01/22.md). Alternate translation: “and to each people group in its own language” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EST 3 12 j33r figs-metonymy כִּלְשׁוֹנ֑וֹ 1 according to its tongue Here, **tongue** is a metonym meaning the language spoken by a person or a group of people. Alternate translation: “according to its language” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EST 3 12 abm9 figs-metaphor בְּשֵׁ֨ם הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹשׁ֙ נִכְתָּ֔ב 1 In the name of the king Ahasuerus it was written There are two possible meanings: (1) Here, **name** could mean the authority of the king. This would be saying that Haman’s letter had the same authority as it would have had if the king had sent it himself. Alternate translation: “Haman sent the letter under the king’s own authority” (2) However, this could also mean that Haman actually had the scribes sign the king’s name to the letter. Alternate translation: “they signed the king’s name at the end of the letters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +EST 3 12 abm9 figs-metaphor בְּשֵׁ֨ם הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹשׁ֙ נִכְתָּ֔ב 1 In the name of the king Ahasuerus it was written There are two This could mean: (1) Here, **name** could mean the authority of the king. This would be saying that Haman’s letter had the same authority as it would have had if the king had sent it himself. Alternate translation: “Haman sent the letter under the king’s own authority” (2) However, this could also mean that Haman actually had the scribes sign the king’s name to the letter. Alternate translation: “they signed the king’s name at the end of the letters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EST 3 12 lyf2 figs-activepassive נִכְתָּ֔ב וְנֶחְתָּ֖ם בְּטַבַּ֥עַת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ 1 It was written, and it was sealed with the signet ring of the king You can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “to show that he was sending the letter under the king’s own authority, Haman sealed each copy of the letter with the ring that had the king’s official seal on it,” or “the scribes signed the king’s name at the end of the letters. Then they sealed the letters with wax, and stamped the wax by using the king’s ring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EST 3 13 hxx6 figs-activepassive וְנִשְׁל֨וֹחַ סְפָרִ֜ים 1 And letters were sent You can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. For example, you can say, “couriers delivered the letters.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EST 3 13 j34r figs-metaphor בְּיַ֣ד הָרָצִים֮ 1 by the hand of runners Here, **hand** could mean two different things: (1) It could literally mean “hand,” meaning that the couriers carried the letters in their hands. Alternate translation: “couriers hand-delivered the documents” (2) “Hand” could also be a metaphor for power, control, or authority, meaning that couriers were the ones who delivered the letters to all the provinces throughout the empire. Alternate translation: “couriers gave the documents directly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/en_tn_18-JOB.tsv b/en_tn_18-JOB.tsv index 7f492ffe8f..2e19988a36 100644 --- a/en_tn_18-JOB.tsv +++ b/en_tn_18-JOB.tsv @@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ JOB 6 5 vas3 figs-rquestion 0 Does the wild donkey bray in despair when he has JOB 6 5 h1b2 0 bray the sound a donkey makes JOB 6 5 i2r2 0 low the sound an ox makes JOB 6 5 tbl2 0 fodder animal food -JOB 6 6 l3sd figs-metaphor 0 Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg? Possible meanings are (1) Job is comparing his displeasure for his circumstances to people’s dislike for bland food or (2) Job is comparing his displeasure for his friend’s advice to people’s dislike for bland food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JOB 6 6 l3sd figs-metaphor 0 Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg? This could mean: (1) Job is comparing his displeasure for his circumstances to people’s dislike for bland food or (2) Job is comparing his displeasure for his friend’s advice to people’s dislike for bland food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 6 6 cg4r figs-rquestion 0 Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg? Job uses these rhetorical questions to emphasize his own displeasure. These questions can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tasteless food cannot be eaten without salt, just as there is no taste in the white of an egg.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 6 6 xfj2 figs-activepassive 0 Can that which has no taste be eaten This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Can you eat that which has no taste” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 6 7 r1x2 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Job continues to use parallelisms in these verses as he speaks about his sufferings and his desire for death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ JOB 6 13 lg48 figs-rquestion 0 Is it not true that I have no help in myself…m JOB 6 13 h5wf figs-activepassive 0 wisdom has been driven out of me “my success has been taken from me.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “my wisdom is gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 6 14 e6e6 figs-activepassive 0 To the person who is about to faint, faithfulness should be shown by his friend This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A friend should be faithful to the person who feels he is about to faint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 6 14 s4yi figs-metaphor 0 who is about to faint This speaks of a person who feels hopeless and is overwhelmed by his troubles as if he were about to physically faint. Alternate translation: “who feels hopeless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JOB 6 14 naj8 0 even to him who forsakes the fear of the Almighty “even if he stops fearing Almighty God.” Possible meanings are (1) the faint person does not fear God or (2) his friend does not fear God. +JOB 6 14 naj8 0 even to him who forsakes the fear of the Almighty “even if he stops fearing Almighty God.” This could mean: (1) the faint person does not fear God or (2) his friend does not fear God. JOB 6 15 p13y figs-simile 0 But my brothers have been as faithful to me as a desert streambed Job speaks of his friends being unfaithful to him as being like a “wadi” which is a stream that can suddenly dry up. Also, Job refers to his friends ironically here as his “brothers.” Alternate translation: “But my friends are unfaithful to me. They are like a desert streambed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) JOB 6 15 l6xj figs-simile 0 as channels of water that pass away to nothing “like streams of water that dry up.” Job continues speaking of his friends being unfaithful as if they were streams that dry up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 6 16 pnp2 figs-parallelism 0 which are darkened because of ice over them…and because of the snow that hides itself in them These two phrases have the same meaning. They describe how the streambed is full of ice and snow in the winter. Alternate translation: “which look dark in the winter because they are covered with ice and are full of melted snow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ JOB 7 4 sf4y figs-rquestion 0 When will I get up and when will the night be gon JOB 7 4 m4sv 0 tossing to and fro “turning back and forth.” This indicates that Job has moved on his bed all night without any rest. JOB 7 5 sh53 figs-metaphor 0 My flesh is clothed with worms and clods of dust The worms and clods of dust are pictured as covering Job as if they were clothing. Alternate translation: “My flesh is covered with worms and clods of dust” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 7 5 l429 figs-synecdoche 0 My flesh This represents his whole body. Alternate translation: “My body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -JOB 7 5 lry5 0 clods of dust Possible meanings are (1) lumps or crusts of dirt or (2) scabs on the skin. +JOB 7 5 lry5 0 clods of dust This could mean: (1) lumps or crusts of dirt or (2) scabs on the skin. JOB 7 5 we79 0 dissolve and run afresh “break out again” JOB 7 6 iar8 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job’s sense of the shortness of life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 7 6 tf2g figs-simile 0 My days are swifter than a weaver’s shuttle Job compares his lifetime to the quickness of a weaver’s shuttle. Alternate translation: “My life goes by very quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) @@ -454,9 +454,9 @@ JOB 8 15 r6mq figs-litotes 0 it will not support him This negative statement em JOB 8 15 s164 figs-litotes 0 it does not stand This negative statement emphasizes the opposite. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “it will fall down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) JOB 8 16 zn7y figs-genericnoun 0 General Information: Here pronouns “he” and “his” refer to the godless person, who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns “they” and “their.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) JOB 8 16 x5ph figs-metaphor 0 Under the sun he is green, and his shoots go out over his entire garden Here Bildad compares the godless person to a plant that is healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JOB 8 16 d31w 0 Under the sun he is green The meaning of the Hebrew text is unclear. Possible meanings are (1) he is healthy during the day or (2) he is watered before the sun rises. +JOB 8 16 d31w 0 Under the sun he is green The meaning of the Hebrew text is unclear. This could mean: (1) he is healthy during the day or (2) he is watered before the sun rises. JOB 8 17 i19y figs-genericnoun 0 General Information: In this verse the pronoun “his” refers to the godless person, who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns “they” and “their.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -JOB 8 17 cty7 figs-parallelism 0 His roots are wrapped about the heaps of stone…they look for good places among the rocks These two phrases have similar meaning, but the meaning is unclear. Possible meanings are (1) he appears to be well-rooted in the rocks, taking advantage of every opening or (2) his roots cannot find fertile ground and must try to find nutrients among the rocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JOB 8 17 cty7 figs-parallelism 0 His roots are wrapped about the heaps of stone…they look for good places among the rocks These two phrases have similar meaning, but the meaning is unclear. This could mean: (1) he appears to be well-rooted in the rocks, taking advantage of every opening or (2) his roots cannot find fertile ground and must try to find nutrients among the rocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 8 18 qe8b figs-genericnoun 0 General Information: In this verse the pronouns “his” and “him” refer to the godless person, who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns “they” and “their.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) JOB 8 18 ib86 figs-activepassive 0 if this person is destroyed out of his place This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if someone pulls him out of his place” or “if a gardener tears him out of the garden” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 8 18 tq8v 0 his place “the rocky ground” or “the garden” @@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ JOB 9 2 e369 0 I truly know that this is so “I know that what you say is tru JOB 9 2 a9ku 0 this is so Here the word “this” refers to what Bildad said. JOB 9 2 r4pi 0 how can a person be in the right with God? “how can anyone be innocent before God?” JOB 9 3 a6um 0 argue dispute -JOB 9 3 el71 figs-idiom 0 he cannot answer him once in a thousand times “Once in a thousand times” here is an idiom that means “at all.” Possible meanings are (1) “he cannot give any answer to God” or (2) “God will not answer him at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +JOB 9 3 el71 figs-idiom 0 he cannot answer him once in a thousand times “Once in a thousand times” here is an idiom that means “at all.” This could mean: (1) “he cannot give any answer to God” or (2) “God will not answer him at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 9 3 t9fi 0 a thousand times “1,000 times” JOB 9 4 mh8a figs-metonymy 0 wise in heart Here the heart represents the inner being or thoughts. Alternate translation: “wise in what he decides” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 9 4 f7rj figs-abstractnouns 0 mighty in strength The abstract noun “strength” can be expressed as the adjective “strong.” Alternate translation: “mighty in how strong he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) @@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ JOB 10 15 yg3e 0 I am filled with disgrace—see my affliction Another possibl JOB 10 15 amu8 0 I am filled with disgrace “I am totally ashamed” or “No one respects me anymore” JOB 10 15 fs2u 0 disgrace shame JOB 10 15 bu5t figs-abstractnouns 0 see my affliction The abstract noun “affliction” can be translated using the verb “afflict.” Alternate translation: “see how God is afflicting me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -JOB 10 16 z3nm figs-hypo 0 If my head were lifted up, you would stalk me like a lion Possible meanings are (1) this is a hypothetical situation that has not happened or (2) this is a description of a situation that happens repeatedly. Alternate translation: “When my head is lifted up, you stalk me like a lion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +JOB 10 16 z3nm figs-hypo 0 If my head were lifted up, you would stalk me like a lion This could mean: (1) this is a hypothetical situation that has not happened or (2) this is a description of a situation that happens repeatedly. Alternate translation: “When my head is lifted up, you stalk me like a lion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 10 16 ya75 figs-idiom 0 If my head were lifted up This idiom means to become self-confident or proud. Alternate translation: “If I become proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) JOB 10 16 bss8 figs-simile 0 you would stalk me like a lion Possible meanings of this simile are (1) God hunts Job like a lion hunts its prey or (2) Job is like a lion being hunted by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 10 16 yj7r figs-irony 0 again you would show yourself with marvellous acts of power against me This phrase expresses irony in how God displays his marvelous power by acting to harm Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) @@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ JOB 11 2 ua2s figs-rquestion 0 Should this man, so full of talk, be believed? Z JOB 11 3 kgu1 figs-rquestion 0 Should your boasting make others remain silent? Zophar uses this question to rebuke Job. Alternate translation: “Just because you have spoken many words, this does not mean that others must keep silent.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 11 3 s3am figs-rquestion 0 When you mock, will no one make you feel ashamed? Zophar uses this question to rebuke Job. You may need to make explicit what it is that Job is mocking. Alternate translation: “You have mocked us for what we have said. Now we will make you feel ashamed!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 11 4 k2le 0 My beliefs are pure “My understanding is correct” -JOB 11 4 e56u figs-metaphor 0 I am blameless in your eyes The eyes represent sight, which is a metaphor for God’s evaluation of Job. Possible meanings are (1) that Job is saying that God judges him as blameless. Alternate translation: “You say that I am blameless” or (2) that Job believes he has been blameless and that God should judge him as blameless. Alternate translation: “You should recognize that I am blameless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JOB 11 4 e56u figs-metaphor 0 I am blameless in your eyes The eyes represent sight, which is a metaphor for God’s evaluation of Job. This could mean: (1) that Job is saying that God judges him as blameless. Alternate translation: “You say that I am blameless” or (2) that Job believes he has been blameless and that God should judge him as blameless. Alternate translation: “You should recognize that I am blameless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 11 5 ii56 figs-metonymy 0 that God would speak…open his lips against you The words “open his lips” are a metonym that means speak. These two phrases mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize Zophar’s desire that God would speak harshly against Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 11 6 ca7p figs-explicit 0 that he would show…secrets of wisdom What the “secrets of wisdom” are can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “that he would show you that you are suffering because of your sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 11 6 qjk2 figs-metaphor 0 God demands from you less than your iniquity deserves Demanding from Job represents punishing Job. Alternate translation: “God is punishing you less than you deserve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -707,7 +707,7 @@ JOB 12 19 wut2 figs-abstractnouns 0 in sorrow The abstract noun “sorrow” ca JOB 12 19 ch3f 0 overthrows mighty people “defeats powerful people” JOB 12 20 g3na figs-metonymy 0 He removes the speech of those who had been trusted Removing their speech represents making them unable to speak. Alternate translation: “He makes those who were trusted unable to speak” or “He silences people whom others trusted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 12 20 dk1e figs-metonymy 0 takes away the understanding of the elders Taking away their understanding represents making them unable to understand or make good decisions. Alternate translation: “makes the elders unable to understand” or “makes the elders unable to make good decisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -JOB 12 20 gm4d 0 the elders Possible meanings are (1) the older people or (2) the leaders. +JOB 12 20 gm4d 0 the elders This could mean: (1) the older people or (2) the leaders. JOB 12 21 l74e figs-metaphor 0 He pours contempt upon princes Pouring contempt on princes is a metaphor for causing people to feel contempt for them. Alternate translation: “He causes people to greatly disrespect those who rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 12 21 k6sg figs-metaphor 0 unfastens the belt of strong people The belt is a symbol of strength. Unfastening a strong person’s belt represents taking away his strength and making him weak. Alternate translation: “makes the strong people weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 12 22 c31p figs-metaphor 0 He reveals the deep things of darkness Revealing things represents making them known. “Deep things from darkness” represent secrets that people do not know. Alternate translation: “He makes known secrets that people do not know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ JOB 13 9 gk9j figs-rquestion 0 Could you deceive him as you might deceive men? JOB 13 10 ecs9 0 reprove you “rebuke you” JOB 13 10 g5lz 0 if in secret you showed partiality “if you secretly show favor to another.” Showing partiality refers to saying only good things about someone so that the judge will say that the person is good. Doing this in secret means pretending to speak fairly, but really favoring one person over another. JOB 13 11 bx5e 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to speak to his friends. -JOB 13 11 j11v figs-rquestion 0 Will not his majesty terrify you, and the dread of him fall upon you? Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends. Possible meanings are (1) Job is saying that they should fear God. Alternate translation: “His majesty should make you afraid, and his dread should fall on you.” or (2) Job is saying that they will fear God. Alternate translation: “His majesty will make you afraid, and his dread will fall on you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +JOB 13 11 j11v figs-rquestion 0 Will not his majesty terrify you, and the dread of him fall upon you? Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends. This could mean: (1) Job is saying that they should fear God. Alternate translation: “His majesty should make you afraid, and his dread should fall on you.” or (2) Job is saying that they will fear God. Alternate translation: “His majesty will make you afraid, and his dread will fall on you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 13 11 e6x9 figs-metaphor 0 and the dread of him fall upon you Dread falling on people represents them becoming terribly afraid. Alternate translation: “and you not be terribly afraid” or “and you not be terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 12 s8ny figs-metaphor 0 Your memorable sayings are proverbs made of ashes Ashes represent things that are worthless and do not last. Alternate translation: “Your memorable sayings are worthless like ashes” or “Your memorable sayings will be forgotten like ashes that are blown away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 12 brf8 figs-metaphor 0 your defenses are defenses made of clay Job speaks of what they say as if it were a wall made of clay around a city; it cannot defend the people because clay breaks easily. Alternate translation: “What you say in defense is as useless as a wall of clay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -777,7 +777,7 @@ JOB 13 26 h6dc figs-metaphor 0 For you write down bitter things against me “B JOB 13 26 bc79 figs-metaphor 0 you make me inherit the iniquities of my youth Inheriting the iniquities of his youth is a metaphor. Possible meanings are it represents (1) being guilty for the sins of his youth. Alternate translation: “you say that I am still guilty for the sins of my youth” or (2) being punished for the sins of his youth. Alternate translation: “you punish me for the sins of my youth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 26 l6wj figs-abstractnouns 0 the iniquities of my youth The abstract noun “youth” can be translated with the word “young.” Alternate translation: “the sins I committed when I was young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 13 27 l4hh figs-metaphor 0 You also put my feet in the stocks Doing this represents punishing Job and keeping him from living freely as if Job had committed a crime and was a prisoner. Alternate translation: “It is as though you put my feet in the stocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JOB 13 27 lk93 0 the stocks Possible meanings are (1) a frame that holds a prisoner’s feet in place so that he cannot move at all or (2) chains around a prisoner’s feet that make it hard for him to walk. These are used as a form of punishment. +JOB 13 27 lk93 0 the stocks This could mean: (1) a frame that holds a prisoner’s feet in place so that he cannot move at all or (2) chains around a prisoner’s feet that make it hard for him to walk. These are used as a form of punishment. JOB 13 27 v659 figs-metaphor 0 all my paths “Paths” represent the things Job does. Alternate translation: “everything I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 27 x3kd figs-synecdoche 0 you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walked The soles of his feet represent the person who walks. Alternate translation: “you examine the ground where I have walked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 13 27 l15n figs-metaphor 0 you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walked Examining this ground represents examining all that Job has done. Alternate translation: “it is as though you examine the ground where I have walked” or “you examine everything I do like a person examining someone’s footprints on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -840,7 +840,7 @@ JOB 14 19 usl5 figs-abstractnouns 0 the hope of man The abstract noun “hopes JOB 14 20 lnf7 0 General Information: Job continues speaking to God. JOB 14 20 q4my 0 You always defeat him The word “him” refers to any person. Alternate translation: “You always defeat man” or “You always defeat people” JOB 14 20 uah1 figs-euphemism 0 he passes away Passing away represents dying. Alternate translation: “he dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -JOB 14 20 p3dh 0 you change his face Possible meanings are (1) the pain just before dying makes his face contract or (2) when a person dies, God makes the person’s face look different. +JOB 14 20 p3dh 0 you change his face This could mean: (1) the pain just before dying makes his face contract or (2) when a person dies, God makes the person’s face look different. JOB 14 20 lq7f figs-metaphor 0 send him away to die This represents causing him to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 14 21 m7cw figs-metaphor 0 if they are brought low Being brought low represents being shamed. Alternate translation: “if they are disgraced” or “if people shame them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 15 intro p4sy 0 # Job 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job’s friend, Eliphaz. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Eliphaz’s advice<br>Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -849,9 +849,9 @@ JOB 15 2 mw8h figs-rquestion 0 Should a wise man answer with useless knowledge JOB 15 2 hd46 figs-metaphor 0 fill himself with the east wind The wind represents emptiness. This phrase speaks of a person speaking empty and meaningless words as if that person were full of the wind. Alternate translation: “fill himself with empty words” or “only have meaningless words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 15 2 h768 0 the east wind “hot air” or “the desert wind” JOB 15 3 mka2 figs-rquestion 0 Should he reason with unprofitable talk or with speeches with which he can do no good? Eliphaz uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Job. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “He should not reason with unprofitable talk nor with speeches with which he can do no good.” or “He should not argue using unprofitable talk or make speeches that accomplish nothing good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -JOB 15 4 kfj8 0 you diminish respect for God Possible meanings are (1) “because of what you say and do, other people no longer respect God” or (2) “you are no longer respecting God.” +JOB 15 4 kfj8 0 you diminish respect for God This could mean: (1) “because of what you say and do, other people no longer respect God” or (2) “you are no longer respecting God.” JOB 15 4 k1xg 0 diminish make smaller -JOB 15 4 fz3c 0 you obstruct devotion to him Possible meanings are (1) “you make it difficult for others to devote themselves to God” or (2) “you are no longer devoting yourself to God.” +JOB 15 4 fz3c 0 you obstruct devotion to him This could mean: (1) “you make it difficult for others to devote themselves to God” or (2) “you are no longer devoting yourself to God.” JOB 15 4 f5pv 0 obstruct block someone’s path JOB 15 4 p5a3 0 devotion to “meditation on” or “concern for” JOB 15 5 t4nv figs-personification 0 your iniquity teaches your mouth This describes “iniquity” as if it were a teacher and Job’s mouth is described as if it is learning. This means that his speech is greatly influenced by his iniquity. Alternate translation: “your iniquity is like a teacher and your mouth is like its student” or “it is because of your sin that you speak the way you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -896,7 +896,7 @@ JOB 15 20 s474 figs-idiom 0 that are laid up This is an idiom. Alternate transl JOB 15 21 fj8p 0 A sound of terrors is in his ears “He constantly hears sounds that terrify him” JOB 15 22 ep91 0 Connecting Statement: Eliphaz continues describing the wicked man he began to describe in [Job 15:20](../15/20.md). JOB 15 22 i3pk figs-idiom 0 return out of darkness Here “darkness” is a metaphor for trouble or misfortune. Alternate translation: “escape misfortune” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -JOB 15 22 lh1i figs-metonymy 0 the sword waits for him Here “the sword” is a metonym that represents an enemy who is waiting to kill the evil man. Possible meanings are (1) he is worried that someone will murder him. Alternate translation: “he worries that someone is about to murder him” or (2) it is certain that he is going to be murdered. Alternate translation: “someone is waiting to murder him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +JOB 15 22 lh1i figs-metonymy 0 the sword waits for him Here “the sword” is a metonym that represents an enemy who is waiting to kill the evil man. This could mean: (1) he is worried that someone will murder him. Alternate translation: “he worries that someone is about to murder him” or (2) it is certain that he is going to be murdered. Alternate translation: “someone is waiting to murder him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 15 23 k4qm figs-synecdoche 0 for bread Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “for food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 15 23 ul3l figs-idiom 0 the day of darkness This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the day of disaster” or “the moment of his death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 15 23 gu8g figs-idiom 0 is at hand This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “is coming soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -1165,14 +1165,14 @@ JOB 19 24 gz9c 0 an iron pen “an iron chisel.” This was a tool used for wr JOB 19 24 nd22 0 lead Lead is a soft metal. We do not know how people used lead when carving rock. They may have filled the letters of the inscription with lead in order to make the inscription last longer. JOB 19 25 b73i 0 General Information: Job continues to speak to his three friends. JOB 19 25 q57z 0 my Redeemer “My Defender.” Here “Redeemer” refers to a person who will rescue Job by proving Job’s innocence, restoring his honor, and giving him justice. -JOB 19 25 yy3q figs-metonymy 0 at last he will stand on the earth This refers to standing to speak in court. Possible meanings are (1) the Redeemer will be the last one to speak in the court. Alternate translation: “he will judge whether or not I am guilty” or (2) the Redeemer will stand in this final court to defend Job. Alternate translation: “at last he will defend me in court” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +JOB 19 25 yy3q figs-metonymy 0 at last he will stand on the earth This refers to standing to speak in court. This could mean: (1) the Redeemer will be the last one to speak in the court. Alternate translation: “he will judge whether or not I am guilty” or (2) the Redeemer will stand in this final court to defend Job. Alternate translation: “at last he will defend me in court” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 19 26 t5gt 0 after my skin…is destroyed Possible meanings are that this refers to (1) his body being destroyed by disease or (2) his body decaying after he has died. JOB 19 26 p2pl figs-metonymy 0 in my flesh I will see God His flesh represents his body, and “in my flesh” represents being alive. Alternate translation: “while I live in my body, I will see God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 19 27 m1wt figs-synecdoche 0 my own eyes—I, and not someone else The synecdoche “my own eyes” represents Job. The phrases “my eyes” and “and not someone else” emphasize that Job himself will actually see God. It is not that someone else will see God and tell Job about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 19 27 c3pc figs-metaphor 0 My heart fails within me People thought of the heart as being where the emotions are. So the heart failing represents him having very many emotions. Alternate translation: “I am very emotional about it” or “My emotions overwhelm me as I think about that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 19 27 k566 figs-explicit 0 My heart fails within me Possible meanings are that (1) Job feels very hopeful, thankful, and happy or (2) Job feels exhausted waiting to see his Redeemer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 19 28 c2c8 0 General Information: Job continues to speak to his three friends. -JOB 19 28 np8p figs-exclamations 0 How we will persecute him! This is an exclamation. Possible meanings are (1) that they will certainly persecute Job or (2) that they will persecute him severely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +JOB 19 28 np8p figs-exclamations 0 How we will persecute him! This is an exclamation. This could mean: (1) that they will certainly persecute Job or (2) that they will persecute him severely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) JOB 19 28 ddd3 figs-metaphor 0 The root of his troubles lies in him The “root” represents the source. Alternate translation: “He is the source of all his troubles” or “He has all these troubles because of what he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 19 29 tw35 figs-metonymy 0 then be afraid of the sword Possible meanings are that the sword represents (1) God judging them. Alternate translation: “then be afraid that God will judge you” or (2) God killing them. Alternate translation: “then be afraid that God will kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 19 29 t8gg figs-abstractnouns 0 because wrath brings the punishment of the sword The abstract nouns “wrath” and “punishment” can be expressed with the adjective “angry” and the verb “punish.” Possible meanings are that (1) God’s anger results in punishment. Alternate translation: “because God will be angry with you and punish you” or (2) the anger of Job’s friends results in punishment. Alternate translation: “because if you are so angry with me, God will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) @@ -1297,7 +1297,7 @@ JOB 21 21 rky2 figs-euphemism 0 the number of his months is cut off This is a p JOB 21 21 m58j 0 the number of his months This refers to the length of his life. JOB 21 22 yte9 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking to his friends. JOB 21 22 ail2 figs-rquestion 0 Can anyone teach God knowledge since he judges even those who are high? Job asks this question to emphasize that God knows everything. Alternate translation: “Obviously, no one can teach anything to God since he even judges those in heaven.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -JOB 21 22 x9p8 0 those who are high Possible meanings are (1) “those who are in heaven” or (2) “powerful people.” +JOB 21 22 x9p8 0 those who are high This could mean: (1) “those who are in heaven” or (2) “powerful people.” JOB 21 23 krv3 figs-explicit 0 One man dies in his full strength Job contrasts this man who dies in health and peace to the man who dies in sorrow and pain in [Job 21:25](../21/25.md). You can make this explicit. Alternate translation: “If there are two men, one may die in his full strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 21 24 mli3 figs-parallelism 0 His body is full of milk…the marrow of his bones is moist Both of these phrases mean that the person is very healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 21 24 sa7q figs-idiom 0 His body is full of milk The word for “milk” may mean “fat.” Either rendering means he is well-fed. Alternate translation: “His body if full of fat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -1384,7 +1384,7 @@ JOB 22 30 wrz4 0 He will rescue even the man who is not innocent; who will be JOB 23 intro fb42 0 # Job 23 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Eliphaz.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Court<br>This chapter uses an extended metaphor of a court case to describe Job’s “case,” which he seeks to bring to Yahweh, who is a judge. Cultures without a legal system will have difficulty translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 23 2 fi9s 0 Even today my complaint is bitter Here “Even today” emphasizes that his friends arguments have not changed Job’s situation at all. Alternate translation: “In spite of what you have said, my complaint is still bitter” JOB 23 2 ke1p figs-idiom 0 my complaint is bitter Job speaks of his unanswered complaint against God as if it was a bitter taste in his mouth. Alternate translation: “my unanswered complaint is as bad as bitter food in my mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -JOB 23 2 cm2j figs-metonymy 0 my hand…heavy because of my groaning Possible meanings are (1) “I can barely lift my hand because of my groaning” or (2) “God’s hand continues to make me suffer in spite of my groaning” where “hand” refers to God’s power to punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +JOB 23 2 cm2j figs-metonymy 0 my hand…heavy because of my groaning This could mean: (1) “I can barely lift my hand because of my groaning” or (2) “God’s hand continues to make me suffer in spite of my groaning” where “hand” refers to God’s power to punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 23 3 k3e2 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking. JOB 23 3 pn2b figs-parallelism 0 Oh, that I knew where…Oh, that I might come These two lines mean the same thing and emphasize Job’s desire to meet with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 23 3 rpr9 0 I might find him “I might find God” @@ -1417,7 +1417,7 @@ JOB 23 15 n27i figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Each of these verses has JOB 23 15 sw44 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking. JOB 23 16 p6ma figs-parallelism 0 For God has made my heart weak; the Almighty has terrified me These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Job is very afraid of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 23 16 d4fw figs-idiom 0 made my heart weak A person whose heart is weak is a person who is timid or fearful. Alternate translation: “made me afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -JOB 23 17 dng4 figs-explicit 0 I have not been brought to an end by darkness This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “The thick darkness in front of me has not made me silent” or (2) “Darkness has not stopped me” or “God has stopped me, not the darkness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +JOB 23 17 dng4 figs-explicit 0 I have not been brought to an end by darkness This can be stated in active form. This could mean: (1) “The thick darkness in front of me has not made me silent” or (2) “Darkness has not stopped me” or “God has stopped me, not the darkness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 23 17 qpa8 figs-synecdoche 0 the gloom of my face Here Job refers to himself by his “face.” Alternate translation: “my sadness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 24 intro e2gb 0 # Job 24 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Eliphaz. It is a continuation of the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Court<br>This chapter uses an extended metaphor of a court case to describe Job’s “case,” which he seeks to bring to Yahweh, who is a judge. Cultures without a legal system will have difficulty translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 24 1 mg7h 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking. @@ -1619,7 +1619,7 @@ JOB 28 11 c3wt 0 what is hidden there This refers to things that people normal JOB 28 12 n9fd figs-metaphor 0 General Information: In 28:12-28, wisdom and understanding are spoken of as if they were precious objects that are in some place and people want to find them. Finding wisdom and understanding represents becoming wise and learning to understand things well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 28 12 k2hz figs-parallelism 0 Where will wisdom be found? Where is the place of understanding? These questions mean the same thing and are used to show that it is very difficult to find wisdom and understanding. Alternate translation: “It is very difficult to find wisdom and understanding.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 28 12 bcr2 figs-metaphor 0 Where will wisdom be found? Where is the place of understanding Becoming wise and understanding is spoken of as finding wisdom and understanding. Alternate translation: “How do people become wise? How do people learn to understand things well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JOB 28 13 drv1 figs-metaphor 0 Man does not know its price Possible meanings are (1) wisdom is spoken of as if it were something that people can buy. Alternate translation: “People do not know what it is worth” or (2) the word translated as “price” means “place.” Alternate translation: “People do not know where it is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JOB 28 13 drv1 figs-metaphor 0 Man does not know its price This could mean: (1) wisdom is spoken of as if it were something that people can buy. Alternate translation: “People do not know what it is worth” or (2) the word translated as “price” means “place.” Alternate translation: “People do not know where it is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 28 13 z9ip figs-activepassive 0 neither is it found in the land of the living “and it is not found in the land of the living.” The “land of the living” refers to this world where people live. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and no one can find wisdom in this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 28 14 xi4c figs-personification 0 The deep waters…say, ‘It is not in me’; the sea says, ‘It is not with me.’ The deep waters and the sea are presented as if they are people that can speak. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is not in the deep waters under the earth, nor is it in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 28 15 h4ty figs-explicit 0 It cannot be gotten for gold This can be stated in active form. This implies that wisdom is worth much more than gold. Alternate translation: “People cannot pay for wisdom with gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -1705,7 +1705,7 @@ JOB 30 3 i6mn figs-abstractnouns 0 They were thin from poverty and hunger The a JOB 30 3 j6n1 figs-metonymy 0 they gnawed at the dry ground Possible meanings are that (1) “dry ground” is a metonym for the dry roots that grow in the ground. Alternate translation: “they chewed on the dry roots they found in the ground” or (2) “gnawed at the dried ground” is a metonym for eating whatever they could find in the dry ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 30 4 dz4r 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to talk about the fathers of the mockers. JOB 30 4 lbt6 0 saltwort…bushes’ leaves…the roots of the broom tree These are plants that people would eat only if they could find nothing better. -JOB 30 4 c9mn 0 the roots of the broom tree were their food Possible meanings are (1) the people ate the roots of the broom tree or (2) the people warmed themselves by burning the roots of broom trees. +JOB 30 4 c9mn 0 the roots of the broom tree were their food This could mean: (1) the people ate the roots of the broom tree or (2) the people warmed themselves by burning the roots of broom trees. JOB 30 5 k9yz figs-activepassive 0 They were driven out from among people who shouted after them as…a thief The phrase “were driven out” means “were forced to leave.” These phrases can be reordered and stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people shouted after them as…a thief and forced them to leave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 30 5 lwr2 0 shouted after them as one would shout after a thief “shouted at them as though they were thieves” JOB 30 7 f7j8 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to talk about the fathers of the mockers. @@ -1714,7 +1714,7 @@ JOB 30 7 dmg5 0 they gathered together under the nettles “Nettles” are bus JOB 30 8 i8tx figs-metaphor 0 They were the sons of fools Here “were the sons of fools” represents having the characteristics fools. Alternate translation: “They were like fools” or “they were fools” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 8 h66q figs-metaphor 0 indeed, sons of nameless people The word “indeed” shows that what follows strengthens the previous thought. Here “sons of nameless people” represents having the characteristics of nameless people. Alternate translation: “indeed, they were nameless people” or “indeed, they were worthless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 8 juk5 figs-metaphor 0 nameless people Here being “nameless” represents having no honor or respect. It means that they are worthless. Alternate translation: “worthless people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JOB 30 8 wl4w figs-metonymy 0 They were driven out of the land with whips This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) the idea of whips implies that they were being treated like criminals. Alternate translation: “People treated them like criminals and forced them to leave the land” or (2) people actually used whips to force them out. Alternate translation: “People whipped them and forced them to leave the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +JOB 30 8 wl4w figs-metonymy 0 They were driven out of the land with whips This can be stated in active form. This could mean: (1) the idea of whips implies that they were being treated like criminals. Alternate translation: “People treated them like criminals and forced them to leave the land” or (2) people actually used whips to force them out. Alternate translation: “People whipped them and forced them to leave the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 30 8 r31i 0 They were driven out of the land Here “the land” refers to the land where they lived before they were forced to go out to the wilderness. JOB 30 9 krm8 0 Connecting Statement: Job speaks again about the people who were mocking him. JOB 30 9 v6wt figs-abstractnouns 0 But now I have become the subject of their taunting song The abstract noun “song” can be expressed with the verb “sing.” Alternate translation: “But now they sing songs about me to taunt me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) @@ -1725,7 +1725,7 @@ JOB 30 11 pll3 0 those who taunt me “those who mock me” JOB 30 11 sq6d figs-metaphor 0 cast off restraint before my face A restraint keeps a person from moving freely and doing what he wants. Here “restraint” represents refraining from doing something, and “cast off restraint” represents not refraining from doing something. In this case the mockers did not refrain from being cruel to Job. Alternate translation: “do not refrain from being cruel to me” or “do whatever cruel things they want to do to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 30 12 u9wm figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Job speaks about the mockers treating him cruelly as if they were a mob and an army attacking him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 12 l5wg 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to speak about the people who were mocking him. -JOB 30 12 z8g5 figs-metonymy 0 Upon my right hand rise the rabble “the rabble rise upon my right hand.” Possible meanings are (1) rising upon Job’s right hand represents attacking his strength. Alternate translation: “Gangs of young people attack my strength” or (2) rising upon Job’s right hand represents attacking his honor. Alternate translation: “Mobs attack my honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JOB 30 12 z8g5 figs-metonymy 0 Upon my right hand rise the rabble “the rabble rise upon my right hand.” This could mean: (1) rising upon Job’s right hand represents attacking his strength. Alternate translation: “Gangs of young people attack my strength” or (2) rising upon Job’s right hand represents attacking his honor. Alternate translation: “Mobs attack my honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 12 bxs3 0 they drive me away “they force me to run away” JOB 30 12 tdu8 figs-metaphor 0 pile up against me their siege mounds Armies would pile up mounds of dirt along a city’s wall in order to climb over the wall and attack the city. Job speaks of the mockers preparing to attack him as if they were doing that. Alternate translation: “prepare to attack me like an army that prepares to attack a city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 13 sv3y figs-metaphor 0 They destroy my path This represents keeping Job from escaping their attack. Alternate translation: “They prevent me from escaping from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1735,7 +1735,7 @@ JOB 30 14 su1s figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Job speaks about the mocker JOB 30 14 p4jw 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to speak about the people who were mocking him. JOB 30 14 b1fx figs-simile 0 They come against me like an army through a wide hole in a city wall This represents attacking Job forcefully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 30 14 g1ji figs-metaphor 0 they roll themselves in on me This represents many coming to attack him at once, like giant ocean waves rolling in on him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JOB 30 15 su3j figs-metaphor 0 Terrors are turned upon me Possible meanings are (1) Job has become terrified or (2) things are happening to Job that make him afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JOB 30 15 su3j figs-metaphor 0 Terrors are turned upon me This could mean: (1) Job has become terrified or (2) things are happening to Job that make him afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 15 y58l figs-simile 0 my honor is driven away as if by the wind Job speaks of suddenly having no honor as if the wind had blown it from him. Alternate translation: “Nobody honors me” or “I am now a person that people do not honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 30 15 qzd6 figs-simile 0 my prosperity passes away as a cloud Job speaks of his prosperity ending as if it were a cloud that was blown away. Here “prosperity” may refer to well-being or safety. Alternate translation: “I no longer prosper at all” or “I am no longer safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 30 16 vq4c figs-metaphor 0 Now my life is pouring out from within me Job speaks as if his life were a liquid and his body were a container. He feels he is about to die. Alternate translation: “Now I am dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1743,8 +1743,8 @@ JOB 30 16 yd79 figs-personification 0 many days of suffering have laid hold on JOB 30 17 s5h2 figs-metaphor 0 my bones in me are pierced Job speaks of the pain in his bones as if his bones were being pierced. Alternate translation: “my bones ache terribly” or “I have sharp pain in my bones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 17 q849 figs-personification 0 the pains that gnaw at me take no rest Job speaks of his constant pain as if it were alive and biting him and refuses to rest. Alternate translation: “the pains that cause me to suffer do not stop” or “I am in constant pain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 30 18 x296 figs-metonymy 0 God’s great force has seized my clothing Job speaks of God using his force as if God’s force were actually doing something. Here “God’s…force” stands for “God.” Alternate translation: “God has seized my clothing by his great force” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -JOB 30 18 wpi4 figs-metaphor 0 God’s great force has seized my clothing The image of God’s force seizing Job is a metaphor. Possible meanings are (1) it represents Job’s pain. Alternate translation: “My pain feels like God has grabbed my clothing tightly” or (2) it represents God’s causing Job’s many problems. Alternate translation: “It is as though by his great force God has grabbed me by my clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JOB 30 18 tm94 figs-metaphor 0 it wraps around me like the collar of my tunic The image of God’s force wrapping around Job is a metaphor. Possible meanings are (1) it represents Job’s pain. Alternate translation: “he wraps the collar of my tunic tightly around me” or (2) it represents God’s causing Job’s many problems. Alternate translation: “It is as though he grabs me by the collar of my tunic” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JOB 30 18 wpi4 figs-metaphor 0 God’s great force has seized my clothing The image of God’s force seizing Job is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) it represents Job’s pain. Alternate translation: “My pain feels like God has grabbed my clothing tightly” or (2) it represents God’s causing Job’s many problems. Alternate translation: “It is as though by his great force God has grabbed me by my clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JOB 30 18 tm94 figs-metaphor 0 it wraps around me like the collar of my tunic The image of God’s force wrapping around Job is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) it represents Job’s pain. Alternate translation: “he wraps the collar of my tunic tightly around me” or (2) it represents God’s causing Job’s many problems. Alternate translation: “It is as though he grabs me by the collar of my tunic” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 19 aa4h figs-metaphor 0 He has thrown me into the mud Job says that God has humiliated him. Alternate translation: “It is as though he has thrown me in the mud” or “He has humiliated me, like a person thrown in the mud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 19 m43k figs-simile 0 I have become like dust and ashes This represents Job’s feeling of being worthless. Alternate translation: “I have become as worthless as dust and ashes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 30 21 k1ga 0 cruel This word means unkind. @@ -1793,7 +1793,7 @@ JOB 31 8 xs19 figs-activepassive 0 let my crops be uprooted This can be stated JOB 31 9 n6g7 figs-hypo 0 General Information: Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God’s punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 31 9 p1yn figs-synecdoche 0 If my heart has been deceived by a woman Here “my heart” represents Job. Here the word “deceived” expresses the idea of “enticed.” The word “woman” expresses the idea of “another man’s wife.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If another man’s wife has enticed me” or “If I have desired another man’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 31 9 rs8z figs-explicit 0 if I have lain in wait at my neighbor’s door It can be stated clearly why he was waiting at his neighbor’s door. Alternate translation: “if I have waited at my neighbor’s door so I could sleep with his wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -JOB 31 10 ngk5 figs-euphemism 0 then let my wife grind grain for another Possible meanings are (1) this is an euphemism which means Job is saying may his wife sleep with another man or (2) it means she will become a slave and work for another man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +JOB 31 10 ngk5 figs-euphemism 0 then let my wife grind grain for another This could mean: (1) this is an euphemism which means Job is saying may his wife sleep with another man or (2) it means she will become a slave and work for another man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) JOB 31 11 w7dz figs-hypo 0 General Information: Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God’s punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 31 11 ds7e 0 For that would be a terrible crime The word “that” refers to Job sleeping with another woman. JOB 31 11 h8zi figs-activepassive 0 it would be a crime to be punished by judges This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it would be a crime for which judges would be right to punish me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -1852,7 +1852,7 @@ JOB 31 35 i9lk figs-exclamations 0 Oh, if only I had someone to hear me! This e JOB 31 35 vmt3 figs-metaphor 0 here is my signature Here “my signature” represents Job’s promise that everything he is saying is true. He speaks of his complaint as if he had written a legal document. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that all I have said is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 31 35 v1vp figs-explicit 0 let the Almighty answer me! Here an answer probably refers to telling Job what wrong he accuses Job of doing. Alternate translation: “let the Almighty tell me what I have done wrong” or “I wish the Almighty would say what I have done wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 31 35 u84z 0 If only I had the indictment that my opponent has written! This expresses Job’s wish. Job speaks as though his troubles are evidence that someone has written something accusing him of terrible sin. Alternate translation: “I wish I had the accusation that my opponent has written” or “If only I could read my opponent’s complaint against me” -JOB 31 35 qku3 0 my opponent Possible meanings are (1) this refers to God or (2) this refers to someone else. +JOB 31 35 qku3 0 my opponent This could mean: (1) this refers to God or (2) this refers to someone else. JOB 31 36 gw5a figs-metaphor 0 Surely I would carry it openly on my shoulder; I would put it on like a crown This represents putting it where everyone could read it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 31 37 l5p7 figs-metaphor 0 I would declare to him an accounting for my steps Here “my steps” represents Job’s actions. Alternate translation: “I would declare to him an accounting for all I have done” or “I would tell him everything I have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 31 37 mvd6 figs-simile 0 as a confident prince I would go up to him This means Job would approach God without any fear. Job implies that he could do this because he was not guilty. Alternate translation: “I would approach him boldly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) @@ -2058,7 +2058,7 @@ JOB 35 intro mfr6 0 # Job 35 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br> JOB 35 2 s9jw figs-rquestion 0 Do you think this is just…‘My right before God’? Elihu uses questions to challenge Job. Alternate translation: “You must think you are right…‘My right before God.’” or “It is not just…‘My right before God.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 35 2 yh9l 0 Do you think this is just when you say “Do you think it is right for you to say” JOB 35 2 g7jg figs-you 0 Do you think Here “you” is singular and refers to Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -JOB 35 2 l3t8 0 My right before God Possible meanings are (1) Job is claiming to be innocent before God or (2) Job is claiming that he, rather than God, is right. +JOB 35 2 l3t8 0 My right before God This could mean: (1) Job is claiming to be innocent before God or (2) Job is claiming that he, rather than God, is right. JOB 35 3 w8qv figs-rquestion 0 For you ask, ‘What use is it to me?’ and, ‘Would I be better off if I had sinned?’ Elihu quotes Job as saying the these two rhetorical questions. Alternate translation: “For you say, ‘It does not benefit me’ and, ‘I am no better off than if I had sinned.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 35 4 tp7p 0 Connecting Statement: Elihu continues speaking. JOB 35 6 t2vl 0 Connecting Statement: Elihu continues speaking. @@ -2109,15 +2109,15 @@ JOB 36 16 h4g2 figs-metaphor 0 into a broad place where there is no hardship El JOB 36 16 qjt9 figs-metaphor 0 where your table would be set with food full of fatness Elihu speaks of living prosperously as if it were having one’s table filled with the best foods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 16 yn9l figs-activepassive 0 your table would be set This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your servants would set your table” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 36 16 pw88 figs-idiom 0 food full of fatness Meat that had plenty of fat on it was a sign of prosperity because the animals were healthy and well-fed. Alternate translation: “the very best food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -JOB 36 17 ybk9 0 you are full of judgment on wicked people Possible meanings are (1) “God is punishing you as he would punish the wicked” or (2) “you are obsessed with the judgment that the wicked deserve.” +JOB 36 17 ybk9 0 you are full of judgment on wicked people This could mean: (1) “God is punishing you as he would punish the wicked” or (2) “you are obsessed with the judgment that the wicked deserve.” JOB 36 17 ji7m figs-personification 0 judgment and justice have laid hold of you Elihu speaks of God judging Job and giving him justice as if judgment and justice were people that have laid hold of Job. Alternate translation: “God has brought you to judgment and given you justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 36 18 mp6j 0 Do not let your anger entice you to mockery Some versions of the Bible translate this as “Beware that you are not enticed by wealth.” JOB 36 19 m4pr figs-rquestion 0 Can your wealth benefit you, so that you will not be in distress, or can all the force of your strength help you? Elihu asks these questions to state that money and power will not be able to help Job if he acts unjustly. Alternate translation: “Your wealth cannot cause you to no longer be in distress, and all the force of your strength cannot help you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 36 19 z8pw 0 all the force of your strength “all of your great strength” or “all of your mighty efforts” -JOB 36 20 q5v5 figs-metaphor 0 when peoples are cut off in their place Possible meanings are (1) that “peoples” refers to people in general and “cut off in their place” is a metaphor for oppressing others by dragging them away from their homes. Alternate translation: “when people drag others away from their homes” or (2) that “peoples” represents nations and “cut off in their place” is a metaphor for nations being destroyed. Alternate translation: “when nations will perish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JOB 36 20 q5v5 figs-metaphor 0 when peoples are cut off in their place This could mean: (1) that “peoples” refers to people in general and “cut off in their place” is a metaphor for oppressing others by dragging them away from their homes. Alternate translation: “when people drag others away from their homes” or (2) that “peoples” represents nations and “cut off in their place” is a metaphor for nations being destroyed. Alternate translation: “when nations will perish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 21 qhr8 figs-activepassive 0 you are being tested by suffering This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God is testing you by making you suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 36 22 c7mn 0 See, God “You know this already: God” -JOB 36 22 x4qx 0 God is exalted in his power Possible meanings are (1) “God is extremely powerful” or (2) “people exalt God because he is powerful” +JOB 36 22 x4qx 0 God is exalted in his power This could mean: (1) “God is extremely powerful” or (2) “people exalt God because he is powerful” JOB 36 22 ay6d figs-rquestion 0 who is a teacher like him? Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one is a teacher like God. Alternate translation: “no one is a teacher like him.” or “no one teaches like he does.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 36 23 r88v figs-rquestion 0 Who has ever instructed him about his way? Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one has ever taught God what to do. Alternate translation: “No one has ever instructed him about what he should do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 36 23 tz9r figs-rquestion 0 Who can ever say to him, ‘You have committed unrighteousness?’ Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can accuse God of having committed unrighteousness. Alternate translation: “No one can ever say to him, ‘You have committed unrighteousness.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -2129,8 +2129,8 @@ JOB 36 29 q3k1 figs-rquestion 0 can anyone understand the extensive spread of t JOB 36 29 a4ve figs-abstractnouns 0 the extensive spread of the clouds The phrase “the extensive spread” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “how the clouds spread across the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 36 29 wh4w figs-metaphor 0 from his hut Elihu speaks of the sky as if it were a “hut” in which God lives. Alternate translation: “from the sky, where God lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 30 ip5f 0 See, he spreads “Look carefully and see how he spreads” -JOB 36 30 e9es figs-metaphor 0 and covers the roots of the sea Elihu speaks of the deep parts of the sea as if the sea were a plant and its depths were its roots. Possible meanings are (1) although the lightning causes light in the sky, the deep parts of the sea remain dark. Alternate translation: “but the depths of the sea remain dark” or (2) the lightning in the sky cause even the depths of the sea to have light. Alternate translation: “and lights up the depths of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JOB 36 32 tsi9 figs-metaphor 0 He fills his hands with the lightning Elihu speaks of the lightning that storms cause as if God were holding the lightning in his hand and directing it to strike where he wills. Possible meanings are (1) that God holds the lightning bolts in his hands in order to throw them, or (2) that God hides the lightning bolts in his hands until he is ready to use them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JOB 36 30 e9es figs-metaphor 0 and covers the roots of the sea Elihu speaks of the deep parts of the sea as if the sea were a plant and its depths were its roots. This could mean: (1) although the lightning causes light in the sky, the deep parts of the sea remain dark. Alternate translation: “but the depths of the sea remain dark” or (2) the lightning in the sky cause even the depths of the sea to have light. Alternate translation: “and lights up the depths of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JOB 36 32 tsi9 figs-metaphor 0 He fills his hands with the lightning Elihu speaks of the lightning that storms cause as if God were holding the lightning in his hand and directing it to strike where he wills. This could mean: (1) that God holds the lightning bolts in his hands in order to throw them, or (2) that God hides the lightning bolts in his hands until he is ready to use them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 33 k3qk 0 Its thunder “The thunder caused by the lightning” or “The thunder” JOB 36 33 se83 0 hear it is coming “hear that the storm is coming” JOB 37 intro ccm7 0 # Job 37 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is a continuation of the previous chapter and the last of Elihu’s four statements, and it is addressed first to Job’s friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. His attitude is not too different from Job’s friends.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s justice<br>This chapter focuses on the justice of Yahweh. It is important to remember that justice won’t always come in this life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) @@ -2171,7 +2171,7 @@ JOB 37 20 fp7n figs-activepassive 0 Should he be told This can be stated in act JOB 37 20 b2q9 figs-rquestion 0 Would a person wish to be swallowed up? Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one would want this to happen. Alternate translation: “No person would want to be swallowed up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 37 20 x2hn figs-metaphor 0 to be swallowed up Elihu speaks of a person being destroyed as if the person were swallowed up. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for God to destroy him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 37 22 l64j figs-metaphor 0 over God is fearsome majesty The word “fearsome” means that it causes fear. Elihu speaks of God’s majesty as if it were something that rests upon God. Alternate translation: “God’s majesty causes people to fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JOB 37 23 c4sd figs-metaphor 0 we cannot find him Possible meanings are (1) “we cannot approach him” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Elihu speaks of a person’s being unable to fully understand God as if he could not find God. Alternate translation: “we cannot comprehend him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JOB 37 23 c4sd figs-metaphor 0 we cannot find him This could mean: (1) “we cannot approach him” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Elihu speaks of a person’s being unable to fully understand God as if he could not find God. Alternate translation: “we cannot comprehend him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 37 24 n2pv figs-metonymy 0 those who are wise in their own minds Here “minds” represents the person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “those who are wise in their own thinking” or “those who consider themselves to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 38 intro bs8p 0 # Job 38 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Yahweh finally speaks in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s greatness<br>Yahweh is far greater than any man. He is the creator of the earth, and his ways will not always be understood by men because their knowledge is always limited.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 1 b53y 0 Then Yahweh called Here, the word “then” marks the beginning of a new part of the book. See if your language has a similar way to introduce a new scene. Alternate translation: “After all that had happened, Yahweh called. @@ -2352,7 +2352,7 @@ JOB 39 2 txy4 figs-rquestion 0 Do you know the time when they bear their young? JOB 39 3 sq9c 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 39 3 uj6h 0 They crouch down The word “They” refers to the wild mountain goats and the deer. JOB 39 3 rvs4 0 birth their young “give birth to their offspring” -JOB 39 3 n62w figs-metonymy 0 then they finish their labor pains Possible meanings are (1) their labor pains are over when the birth is finished or (2) “labor pains” is a metonym that refers to the offspring of the goats and deer because they are the result of the mother’s labor and pain. Alternate translation: “send out their offspring from their womb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +JOB 39 3 n62w figs-metonymy 0 then they finish their labor pains This could mean: (1) their labor pains are over when the birth is finished or (2) “labor pains” is a metonym that refers to the offspring of the goats and deer because they are the result of the mother’s labor and pain. Alternate translation: “send out their offspring from their womb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 39 4 wey9 0 the open fields “the countryside” or “the wild” JOB 39 4 v8ps 0 do not come back again “do not come back to them” or “do not come back to their mothers” JOB 39 5 p64r figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses two questions to emphasize that he is greater than Job because Yahweh takes care of the wild donkeys and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -2373,7 +2373,7 @@ JOB 39 8 t3sa 0 pastures places where animals can eat plants growing in the fi JOB 39 9 u4vx figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Here Yahweh uses four questions to emphasize that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild ox. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 9 s6zs 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 39 9 ss2c figs-rquestion 0 Will the wild ox be happy to serve you? This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “The wild ox will not be happy to serve you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -JOB 39 9 yl5m 0 the wild ox Possible meanings are (1) a type of ox that used to live in the wild or (2) some kind of buffalo that looked like oxen. +JOB 39 9 yl5m 0 the wild ox This could mean: (1) a type of ox that used to live in the wild or (2) some kind of buffalo that looked like oxen. JOB 39 9 f9tw 0 be happy “be willing” JOB 39 9 v7dg figs-rquestion 0 Will he consent to stay by your manger? This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “He will not consent to stay by your manger.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 9 t1u5 0 consent to stay by your manger “stay by your manger through the night” @@ -2396,7 +2396,7 @@ JOB 39 13 c9hc 0 ostrich a very large bird that can run very fast but cannot f JOB 39 13 k698 0 wave proudly “move with joy” JOB 39 13 b62x 0 pinions the very long feathers on the wings of birds JOB 39 13 y8q9 0 plumage the smaller feathers that cover the body of a bird -JOB 39 13 a7t4 0 of love The Hebrew word is uncertain. Possible meanings are (1) “of faithfulness” or (2) “of a stork.” The name of the stork meant “the faithful one” or “the loving one” because people knew that storks take very good care of their chicks. +JOB 39 13 a7t4 0 of love The Hebrew word is uncertain. This could mean: (1) “of faithfulness” or (2) “of a stork.” The name of the stork meant “the faithful one” or “the loving one” because people knew that storks take very good care of their chicks. JOB 39 14 ix8t 0 on the earth “on the ground” JOB 39 15 eg2i 0 crush them The word “them” refers to the eggs. JOB 39 15 p8ek 0 trample them “step on them” @@ -2545,10 +2545,10 @@ JOB 41 21 lgl1 0 kindles coals into flame “causes coals to catch fire” JOB 41 22 xx91 0 his…him The words “his” and “him” refer to Leviathan. JOB 41 22 lw67 figs-abstractnouns 0 terror dances in front of him The abstract noun “terror” can be translated as the verb “be afraid.” Alternate translation: “when people see him coming, they are very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 41 23 uak5 figs-activepassive 0 they cannot be moved This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can move them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -JOB 41 24 b1b7 figs-simile 0 His heart is as hard as a stone A rock or stone does not change and become soft. Possible meanings are (1) Leviathan’s physical chest and the organs inside it are physically hard or (2) Leviathan is not afraid of anything or (3) Leviathan is spoken of as a person who kills without ever being sorry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +JOB 41 24 b1b7 figs-simile 0 His heart is as hard as a stone A rock or stone does not change and become soft. This could mean: (1) Leviathan’s physical chest and the organs inside it are physically hard or (2) Leviathan is not afraid of anything or (3) Leviathan is spoken of as a person who kills without ever being sorry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 41 24 ja7y 0 a lower millstone “the hardest of rocks.” The lower millstone is the larger and harder of the two rocks used to grind grain. It would be the hardest rock people could find. JOB 41 25 u1vw 0 he…himself Leviathan -JOB 41 25 ygt1 0 the gods Possible meanings are (1) “mighty people” or (2) “very strong people” . +JOB 41 25 ygt1 0 the gods This could mean: (1) “mighty people” or (2) “very strong people” . JOB 41 26 m7ws 0 strikes him strikes Leviathan JOB 41 27 hml3 figs-simile 0 He thinks of iron as if it were straw “He thinks of weapons made of iron as if they were weapons made of straw.” Straw would not get through his hide, and iron weapons do not get through his hide. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 41 27 uu6e figs-ellipsis 0 of bronze as if it were rotten wood You can make this clear by adding the omitted words. Alternate translation: “he thinks of weapons made of bronze as if they were weapons made of rotten wood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) diff --git a/en_tn_19-PSA.tsv b/en_tn_19-PSA.tsv index 5f6298ac7b..1d339c6e43 100644 --- a/en_tn_19-PSA.tsv +++ b/en_tn_19-PSA.tsv @@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ PSA 1 3 xf3j 0 whose leaves do not wither If a tree gets enough water, its lea PSA 1 3 c784 0 whatever he does will prosper “He will be successful at whatever he does” PSA 1 4 g6a7 figs-explicit 0 The wicked are not so How they are not like that can be stated clearly. “The wicked are not prosperous” or “The wicked do not prosper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 1 4 lnx8 figs-simile 0 but are instead like the chaff How they are like chaff can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “but instead they are worthless like the chaff” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -PSA 1 5 atv6 figs-metaphor 0 will not stand in the judgment Possible meanings are (1) not standing in the judgment is a metonym for being judged by God and having to leave his presence. Alternate translation: “will not continue to stay before God when he judges them” or “will have to leave God’s presence when he judges them as guilty” or (2) not standing in the judgment is a metaphor for being condemned in the judgment. “Alternate translation: “will be condemned in the judgment” or “will be condemned when God judges them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 1 5 atv6 figs-metaphor 0 will not stand in the judgment This could mean: (1) not standing in the judgment is a metonym for being judged by God and having to leave his presence. Alternate translation: “will not continue to stay before God when he judges them” or “will have to leave God’s presence when he judges them as guilty” or (2) not standing in the judgment is a metaphor for being condemned in the judgment. “Alternate translation: “will be condemned in the judgment” or “will be condemned when God judges them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 1 5 va3s 0 in the judgment The noun judgment can be expressed as a verb. This probably refers to the final judgment when God judges all people. Alternate translation: “when God judges everyone” PSA 1 5 x8sk figs-ellipsis 0 nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous Translators can supply the verb “stand.” Alternate translation: “neither will sinners stand in the assembly of the righteous” or “and sinners will not stand in the assembly of the righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) PSA 1 5 nr84 figs-metonymy 0 nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous Being accepted by God as righteous is spoken of as standing with the group of righteous people. Alternate translation: “and God will not accept sinners along with the righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 1 6 wmx7 figs-parallelism 0 For Yahweh approves of the way of the righteous, but the way of the wicked will perish These two clauses contrast what happens to righteous people with what happens to wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 1 6 cxy6 figs-metaphor 0 the way of the righteous How people live is spoken of as if it were a “way” or “road” that they are walking on. Alternate translation: “how the righteous live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 1 6 jy56 figs-metaphor 0 the way of the wicked will perish How people live and what they do is spoken of as if it were a “way” or “road” that they walk on. Possible meanings are (1) the way perishing represents the wicked perishing because of how they live. Alternate translation: “The wicked will die because of how they live” or (2) the way perishing is a metaphor for no longer being able to live the way they do. Alternate translation: “the wicked will no longer be able to live the way they live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PSA 1 6 jy56 figs-metaphor 0 the way of the wicked will perish How people live and what they do is spoken of as if it were a “way” or “road” that they walk on. This could mean: (1) the way perishing represents the wicked perishing because of how they live. Alternate translation: “The wicked will die because of how they live” or (2) the way perishing is a metaphor for no longer being able to live the way they do. Alternate translation: “the wicked will no longer be able to live the way they live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 2 intro z14u 0 # Psalm 002 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 2 is usually considered a royal psalm because it is about the king. It was probably first sung when a new person became the king. It is often thought to be about the Messiah because of verse 6 and 7 reference the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofgod]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s protection<br><br>The main theme of this psalm is that God is protecting and empowering the king he has appointed and that it is useless for the foreign nations to oppose God and his king.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>“Today I have begotten you” here is a metaphor meaning that God acknowledges the king as his special person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 2 1 bht4 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 2 1 e4gn figs-rquestion 0 Why are the nations in turmoil, and why do the peoples make plots that will fail? These questions are used to show surprise that the people are doing things that are so wrong and foolish. Alternate translation: “The nations are in turmoil and the peoples are making plots that will fail.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ PSA 2 12 l654 figs-metaphor 0 when his anger burns for just a moment The king PSA 2 12 ty9p figs-metaphor 0 seek refuge in him Asking the king for protection is spoken of as seeking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “ask the king to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 3 intro py7j 0 # Psalm 003 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 3 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a morning song intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during morning worship. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s protection<br>Although the psalmist has many enemies and is saying he is without help, God is protecting him and delivering him from danger. PSA 3 1 ylp1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -PSA 3 1 g1yb 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. +PSA 3 1 g1yb 0 A psalm of David This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. PSA 3 1 xp7i figs-exclamations 0 Yahweh, how many are my enemies! This exclamation shows that David is afraid of his enemies. Alternate translation: “Oh Yahweh, I have so many enemies!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) PSA 3 1 cj3u figs-idiom 0 have risen against me Fighting against someone is spoken of as rising against him. Alternate translation: “come against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 3 3 mj2u figs-metaphor 0 you, Yahweh, are a shield around me A shield protects a soldier. David speaks as if God were a shield protecting him. Alternate translation: “you, Yahweh, protect me like a shield” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ PSA 4 4 l67w figs-metonymy 0 Meditate in your heart The heart represents a pers PSA 4 5 h8tj 0 Offer the sacrifices of righteousness “Offer the right sacrifices” PSA 4 5 ul9j figs-metaphor 0 put your trust in Yahweh Here “trust” is spoken of as if it were an object that could be put somewhere. The abstract noun “trust” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “trust in Yahweh” or “trust Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 4 6 k53m figs-rquestion 0 Who will show us anything good? This question is used either to ask for something or to express a wish about something that has not happened. Alternate translation: “Please show us something good!” or “We wish someone would show us something good!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -PSA 4 6 uvl3 figs-metonymy 0 Who will show us anything good? Possible meanings are (1) showing something good represents bringing good things. Alternate translation: “Who will bring good things to us?” or (2) showing something good represents saying that good things have happened. Alternate translation: “Who will say that anything good has happened?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PSA 4 6 uvl3 figs-metonymy 0 Who will show us anything good? This could mean: (1) showing something good represents bringing good things. Alternate translation: “Who will bring good things to us?” or (2) showing something good represents saying that good things have happened. Alternate translation: “Who will say that anything good has happened?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 4 6 stu3 figs-metaphor 0 lift up the light of your face on us The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on them. Alternate translation: “act favorably towards us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 4 7 v4vs figs-synecdoche 0 You have given my heart more gladness The heart represents the person. Alternate translation: “You have given me more gladness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 4 7 b9ht figs-metaphor 0 You have given my heart more gladness than others have Here “gladness” is spoken of as if it is an object that can be given. The abstract noun “gladness” can be stated as “glad.” Alternate translation: “You have made me more glad than others are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ PSA 5 9 vyp8 0 General Information: David talks about his enemies. PSA 5 9 yu9i figs-metonymy 0 For there is no truth in their mouth Truth being in the mouth represents speaking truthfully. Alternate translation: “For they never say what is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 5 9 w7sn figs-metonymy 0 their inward being is wicked The inward being represents people’s thoughts and desires. Alternate translation: “their thoughts and desires are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 5 9 t93l figs-metonymy 0 their throat The throat represents people’s speech. Alternate translation: “their speech” or “what they say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PSA 5 9 aj6l figs-metaphor 0 their throat is an open tomb Their throat is spoken of as if it were an open tomb, ready for dead bodies to put into it. Possible meanings are (1) “they say that they will kill people” or (2) “What they say kills people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 5 9 aj6l figs-metaphor 0 their throat is an open tomb Their throat is spoken of as if it were an open tomb, ready for dead bodies to put into it. This could mean: (1) “they say that they will kill people” or (2) “What they say kills people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 5 9 c5lk 0 they flatter with their tongue “they say nice things about people without really meaning it” PSA 5 9 w8tw figs-metonymy 0 their tongue The tongue represents what people say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 5 10 b8gr 0 may their schemes be their downfall “may their schemes cause them to experience disasters” or “may they become less important because of their schemes” @@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ PSA 8 1 lk7t writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Heb PSA 8 1 i9hb 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship” PSA 8 1 ye1p 0 set to the gittith style This may refer to a style of music. PSA 8 1 hn59 figs-metonymy 0 how magnificent is your name in all the earth God’s “name” represents his whole being. Alternate translation: “people all over the world know that you are very great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PSA 8 2 u11e figs-metaphor 0 Out of the mouth of babies and infants you have established praise Possible meanings are (1) praise is spoken of as a solid object that God takes out of babies’ mouths and sets up as a defensive wall or (2) God has created the world so that true praise comes to him from babies. Alternate translation: “You have given babies and infants the ability to praise you” or “It is babies and infants who truly praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 8 2 u11e figs-metaphor 0 Out of the mouth of babies and infants you have established praise This could mean: (1) praise is spoken of as a solid object that God takes out of babies’ mouths and sets up as a defensive wall or (2) God has created the world so that true praise comes to him from babies. Alternate translation: “You have given babies and infants the ability to praise you” or “It is babies and infants who truly praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 8 3 uj2i figs-synecdoche 0 your heavens, which your fingers have made God’s fingers represent him. Alternate translation: “the heavens which you have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 8 4 yhh5 figs-rquestion 0 Of what importance is the human race that you notice them, or mankind that you pay attention to them? These remarks have been expressed in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “It is amazing that you think about people and are concerned about them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PSA 8 4 k9i2 0 the human race…mankind Both of these phrases refer to people in general. @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ PSA 9 6 b9n1 0 when you overthrew their cities “when you destroyed their cit PSA 9 6 pi7j figs-metaphor 0 All remembrance of them has perished Here “remembrance” is spoken of as if it were a living being that could die. Alternate translation: “All remembrance of them has stopped” or “There is no longer any remembrance of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 9 6 c6yp figs-abstractnouns 0 All remembrance of them has perished The abstract noun “remembrance” can be expressed with the verb “remember.” Alternate translation: “No one remembers them at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 9 7 x7xg figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh remains forever “Remain” probably represents sitting on the throne as king. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sits on his throne forever” or “Yahweh rules forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PSA 9 7 h8nu figs-metonymy 0 he has established his throne for justice The phrase “his throne” represents God’s rule. Possible meanings are (1) “He rules in order to judge people” or (2) “He rules over people justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PSA 9 7 h8nu figs-metonymy 0 he has established his throne for justice The phrase “his throne” represents God’s rule. This could mean: (1) “He rules in order to judge people” or (2) “He rules over people justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 9 8 pgg5 figs-parallelism 0 He will judge the world with righteousness…he will execute judgment for the nations with fairness These two clauses express the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 9 8 dz3w figs-metonymy 0 He will judge the world with righteousness Here “the world” refers to all the people in the world. Alternate translation: “He will judge all the people of the world righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 9 9 y7hd figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh also will be a stronghold for the oppressed God is spoken of as if he were a place that people could go to for safety. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will also protect the oppressed” or “Yahweh will also provide safety for those who are oppressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ PSA 12 1 w9wb 0 Help, Yahweh “Yahweh, come to my aid” PSA 12 1 ckb5 0 those who have integrity have vanished “faithful people have all vanished” PSA 12 2 p59u figs-hyperbole 0 Everyone says…everyone speaks The two occurrences of “everyone” are exaggerations, used to emphasize that this is true of very many people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) PSA 12 2 k6d8 figs-metonymy 0 everyone speaks with flattering lips and a double heart Here “lips” is a metonym for what people say, and “a double heart” is a metaphor for deception. Alternate translation: “everyone speaks with flattering words and deception” or “everyone praises people falsely and tells lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 12 3 cis2 figs-metaphor 0 cut off all flattering lips Here “flattering lips” is a metonym for people who flatter others. Possible meanings are (1) “cut off” is a metaphor for killing. Alternate translation: “kill all who flatter others” or (2) “cut off” is a metaphor for stopping something. Alternate translation: “stop all those who flatter others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PSA 12 3 cis2 figs-metaphor 0 cut off all flattering lips Here “flattering lips” is a metonym for people who flatter others. This could mean: (1) “cut off” is a metaphor for killing. Alternate translation: “kill all who flatter others” or (2) “cut off” is a metaphor for stopping something. Alternate translation: “stop all those who flatter others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 12 3 g9k2 figs-synecdoche 0 every tongue declaring great things Here “every tongue” represents every person who declares great things. Alternate translation: “every person who boasts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 12 4 j1nx figs-metonymy 0 With our tongues will we prevail Here the word “tongues” represents what people say. Alternate translation: “We will prevail because of what we say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 12 4 ay1a 0 will we prevail “we will succeed” or “we will win” or “we will be victorious” @@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ PSA 16 8 z682 0 I set Yahweh before me at all times “I always remember that PSA 16 8 yj9i figs-activepassive 0 so I will not be shaken from his right hand This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “nothing will take me away from his side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 16 9 in9q 0 General Information: David continues to speak to God. PSA 16 9 p2bc figs-metonymy 0 my heart is glad Here the “heart” represents the speaker’s thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “Therefore I am glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PSA 16 9 e6e1 0 my glory is rejoicing Possible meanings are (1) the word “glory” represents the honor a person feels. Alternate translation: “I am honored to rejoice in God” or (2) the word translated “glory” really means “liver” and represents the speaker’s emotions. Alternate translation: “I am rejoicing” +PSA 16 9 e6e1 0 my glory is rejoicing This could mean: (1) the word “glory” represents the honor a person feels. Alternate translation: “I am honored to rejoice in God” or (2) the word translated “glory” really means “liver” and represents the speaker’s emotions. Alternate translation: “I am rejoicing” PSA 16 11 b54u 0 abundant joy “great joy” or “a large amount of joy” PSA 16 11 hxq5 figs-personification 0 joy resides in your presence The writer speaks of “joy” as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 16 11 v4yr figs-idiom 0 in your right hand The words “right hand” indicate being in God’s special presence. Alternate translation: “when I am near you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -391,14 +391,14 @@ PSA 17 12 c8wr figs-simile 0 They are like a lion…like a young lion The write PSA 17 13 p2s3 figs-metaphor 0 by your sword This is a metaphor for Yahweh’s power and for violent death in war. Alternate translation: “by having them die in war” or “by killing them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 17 14 mf1x figs-parallelism 0 Rescue me from men by your hand, Yahweh, from men of this world This clause adds intensity to the words “Rescue my life from the wicked by your sword” ([Psalms 17:13](../017/013.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 17 14 wh2m figs-metonymy 0 by your hand These words represent the power of Yahweh and add intensity to the words “by your sword” ([Psalms 17:13](../017/013.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PSA 17 14 xg3n figs-metaphor 0 You will fill the bellies of your treasured ones with riches The ancient text is hard to understand. Possible meanings are (1) “treasured” is a metaphor for loved, and “your treasured ones” refers to the people whom God loves. Alternate translation: “you will fill the bellies of the people you love with riches” or (2) “your treasured ones” refers to treasures that God gives to people, the “men of this world” Alternate translation: “you will fill their bellies with rich treasures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 17 14 knu1 figs-metaphor 0 You will fill the bellies…with riches Here “fill the bellies…with riches” is a metaphor for giving them many valuable things. Possible meanings are (1) “You will give many riches to the people you love” or (2) “you will give the men of this world many riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 17 14 xg3n figs-metaphor 0 You will fill the bellies of your treasured ones with riches The ancient text is hard to understand. This could mean: (1) “treasured” is a metaphor for loved, and “your treasured ones” refers to the people whom God loves. Alternate translation: “you will fill the bellies of the people you love with riches” or (2) “your treasured ones” refers to treasures that God gives to people, the “men of this world” Alternate translation: “you will fill their bellies with rich treasures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 17 14 knu1 figs-metaphor 0 You will fill the bellies…with riches Here “fill the bellies…with riches” is a metaphor for giving them many valuable things. This could mean: (1) “You will give many riches to the people you love” or (2) “you will give the men of this world many riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 17 15 ck39 figs-synecdoche 0 I will see your face in righteousness Here “face” represents Yahweh in all of his being. David is confident he will see Yahweh. Alternate translation: “because I act in the right way, I will be with you one day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 17 15 bpx8 figs-explicit 0 I will be satisfied, when I awake, with a sight of you David believes that after he dies, he will be with Yahweh. This can be made clear in the translation. Alternate translation: “After I die, I will be happy to wake up in your presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 18 intro enj7 0 # Psalm 018 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 18 is a psalm of praise to God for his strengthening David for war.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s power<br>God has tremendous power and he enabled David to prosper in war. This psalm, and its superscription, also appears in 1 Samuel 22 with some minor differences. PSA 18 1 xfk3 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 18 1 ig1a 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship.” -PSA 18 1 vm1x 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. +PSA 18 1 vm1x 0 A psalm of David This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. PSA 18 1 p2da 0 he sang to Yahweh the words of this song “he sang this song to Yahweh” PSA 18 1 rhv3 0 on the day that Yahweh rescued him “after Yahweh had rescued him” PSA 18 1 hna8 figs-metonymy 0 from the hand of Saul Here “hand” stands for the power of Saul. Alternate translation: “from Saul’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ PSA 19 7 z9pg figs-synecdoche 0 restoring the soul The words “the soul” ref PSA 19 7 a789 0 the simple “those who have no experience” or “those who have not learned” PSA 19 8 spr1 figs-synecdoche 0 the heart These words refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 19 8 nuk1 0 are right “are true” or “are correct” -PSA 19 8 t8c5 0 bringing light to the eyes Possible meanings are (1) “bringing understanding to a person” or (2) “making a person healthy again” +PSA 19 8 t8c5 0 bringing light to the eyes This could mean: (1) “bringing understanding to a person” or (2) “making a person healthy again” PSA 19 9 xac8 0 altogether right “completely right” PSA 19 10 x983 figs-metaphor 0 They are of greater value than gold…they are sweeter than honey Yahweh’s decrees are spoken of as if they could be bought and tasted. Alternate translation: “If you could buy them, they would be of greater value than gold…if you could taste them, they would be sweeter than honey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 19 10 e6s3 figs-ellipsis 0 even more than much fine gold The word “valuable” is understood from the previous phrase and can be repeated. Alternate translation: “even more valuable than a lot of fine gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) @@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ PSA 20 1 v6pl writing-poetry 0 General Information: This Psalm begins with a gr PSA 20 1 h9gw 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship” PSA 20 1 vrb5 0 help you The word “you” in this Psalm is singular and refers to the king. PSA 20 1 pt3b 0 in the day of trouble “in times of trouble” or “when you are in trouble” -PSA 20 1 dp3k figs-metonymy 0 may the name of the God of Jacob protect you Possible meanings are (1) here “name” is a metonym for God’s power. Alternate translation: “may the power of the God of Jacob protect you” or “may the God of Jacob protect you by his power” or (2) here “name” is a metonym for God himself. Alternate translation: “may the God of Jacob protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PSA 20 1 dp3k figs-metonymy 0 may the name of the God of Jacob protect you This could mean: (1) here “name” is a metonym for God’s power. Alternate translation: “may the power of the God of Jacob protect you” or “may the God of Jacob protect you by his power” or (2) here “name” is a metonym for God himself. Alternate translation: “may the God of Jacob protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 20 2 b9ek figs-metaphor 0 send help from the holy place God helping from his holy place is spoken of as if God were sending help. Alternate translation: “may Yahweh help you from his holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 20 2 y51h figs-doublet 0 holy place…Zion Both of these refer to God’s temple in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) PSA 20 3 yz44 figs-idiom 0 May he call to mind The phrase “call to mind” is a way of saying “remember.” It does not mean God forgot. It means to consider or think about. Alternate translation: “May he remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ PSA 21 11 h29d 0 they conceived a plot “they made a plan” or “they creat PSA 21 12 bsd1 figs-metaphor 0 For you will turn them back; you will draw your bow before them Possible meanings for “you” and “your” are (1) they refer to the king or (2) they refer to God and speak about him as if he were a warrior with a bow and arrows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 21 12 ti25 figs-idiom 0 you will turn them back This is a way of saying that God and the king will defeat their enemies in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 21 12 ge87 figs-explicit 0 you will draw your bow before them This implies that he actually shoots his arrows at his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -PSA 21 13 aul7 0 Be exalted, Yahweh, in your strength Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh, show us that you are very strong” or (2) “Yahweh, because you are strong we will exalt you” +PSA 21 13 aul7 0 Be exalted, Yahweh, in your strength This could mean: (1) “Yahweh, show us that you are very strong” or (2) “Yahweh, because you are strong we will exalt you” PSA 21 13 w52b figs-doublet 0 we will sing and praise your power The words “sing” and “praise” share similar meanings. Here the word “power” represents God and his power. Alternate translation: “with singing we will praise you because you are powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 22 intro y7hl 0 # Psalm 022 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 22 is a messianic psalm. It contains references to events during the crucifixion of Christ. It is also a psalm of individual lament and praise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/crucify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Messiah<br>Christ was despised and taunted by his enemies; but finally people all over the earth will bow down to him.<br><br>### New Testament usage<br>This psalm is quoted in different places in the New Testament. Verse 1a is cited in Matthew 27:46 and Mark 15:34 as the words of Christ on the cross. Many of the events in the narratives of the crucifixion are mentioned in this psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]]) PSA 22 1 lw3l writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ PSA 22 7 gq6v figs-parallelism 0 taunt me; they mock me; they shake their heads PSA 22 7 nu8j translate-symaction 0 they shake their heads at me This describes an action used to mock someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) PSA 22 8 v7ta figs-irony 0 He trusts in Yahweh…delights in him The people are saying this to mock the writer. They do not really believe Yahweh will rescue him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) PSA 22 8 ip8x 0 Let him rescue him “Let Yahweh rescue him” -PSA 22 8 h2ys 0 for he delights in him Possible meanings are (1) “for Yahweh delights in him” or (2) “for he delights in Yahweh” +PSA 22 8 h2ys 0 for he delights in him This could mean: (1) “for Yahweh delights in him” or (2) “for he delights in Yahweh” PSA 22 9 lz9a figs-explicit 0 For you The writer uses the word “For” to begin explaining why he is confused and asking God why he is not coming to help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 22 9 g6i1 figs-idiom 0 you brought me from the womb This is a way of saying “you caused me to be born.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 22 9 h37n figs-idiom 0 when I was on my mother’s breasts This means that he has been trusting in Yahweh since he was very young. Alternate translation: “even from the time that I drank milk from my mother’s breasts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ PSA 22 16 np5i 0 a company of evildoers “a group of evildoers” or “a gan PSA 22 16 i2n1 0 encircled stood in a circle PSA 22 16 x42c figs-metaphor 0 they have pierced my hands and my feet This continues the dog metaphor. The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs that are biting and piercing his hands and feet with their teeth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 22 16 ai5d 0 pierced stabbed through something with a sharp object -PSA 22 17 est5 figs-metaphor 0 I can count all my bones Possible meanings are (1) the writer is so thin that he can see his bones. Alternate translation: “I can see all of my bones” or “I can feel each of my bones” or (2) this continues the dog metaphor and the writer can see his bones after the dogs have ripped his flesh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 22 17 est5 figs-metaphor 0 I can count all my bones This could mean: (1) the writer is so thin that he can see his bones. Alternate translation: “I can see all of my bones” or “I can feel each of my bones” or (2) this continues the dog metaphor and the writer can see his bones after the dogs have ripped his flesh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 22 17 ce23 figs-doublet 0 look and stare at me The words “look” and “stare” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that people look at him awkwardly and make fun of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) PSA 22 18 fb7u 0 my garments “my clothes” PSA 22 19 v12t figs-litotes 0 Do not be far away This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Be very close” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) @@ -677,11 +677,11 @@ PSA 22 22 t5p8 0 in the midst of the assembly “when my fellow Israelites and PSA 22 23 wl3v figs-you 0 You who fear Here “You” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) PSA 22 23 yc8l figs-parallelism 0 you descendants of Jacob…you descendants of Israel Both of these refer to the same group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 22 23 rs9u 0 Stand in awe of him “Be full of awe for him” or “Let God’s power amaze you” -PSA 22 24 t6pw 0 he has not despised or abhorred the suffering of the afflicted one Possible meanings are (1) he has not despised the afflicted one because he is suffering or (2) he has not belittled the suffering of the afflicted one +PSA 22 24 t6pw 0 he has not despised or abhorred the suffering of the afflicted one This could mean: (1) he has not despised the afflicted one because he is suffering or (2) he has not belittled the suffering of the afflicted one PSA 22 24 q54x figs-doublet 0 despised or abhorred These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that God has not forgotten the one who is afflicted and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) PSA 22 24 w7tf 0 despised strongly disliked or hated PSA 22 24 h5t5 figs-metonymy 0 he has not…abhorred the suffering of the afflicted one Here, suffering is a metonym for the person who suffers. To abhor something is to think of it as horrible. Alternate translation: “he has not…thought of the afflicted one who suffers as horrible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PSA 22 24 y2dq figs-genericnoun 0 the suffering of the afflicted one…from him…the afflicted one cried Possible meanings are (1) the author was speaking about how God treats people who are suffering. Alternate translation: “those who suffer…from them…those who are suffering cried” or (2) the author was speaking specifically about how God treated him. Alternate translation: “my suffering because of my affliction…from me…I cried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) +PSA 22 24 y2dq figs-genericnoun 0 the suffering of the afflicted one…from him…the afflicted one cried This could mean: (1) the author was speaking about how God treats people who are suffering. Alternate translation: “those who suffer…from them…those who are suffering cried” or (2) the author was speaking specifically about how God treated him. Alternate translation: “my suffering because of my affliction…from me…I cried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) PSA 22 24 r4zy figs-metaphor 0 has not hidden his face from him Hiding one’s face from someone represents ignoring him. Alternate translation: “has not turned his attention away from him” or “has not ignored him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 22 24 fci1 figs-explicit 0 he heard “he listened.” It is implied that he responded when he heard their cry. Alternate translation: “he answered” or “he helped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 22 25 q298 figs-you 0 because of you Here “you” refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) @@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ PSA 24 9 hl69 figs-parallelism 0 Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, e PSA 24 9 fk49 figs-synecdoche 0 Lift up your heads It is uncertain what specific part of the gate is the “head.” But, it stands for the gate as a whole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 25 intro utp4 0 # Psalm 025 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 25 is a prayer for God’s help.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The humble<br>God is very good to humble people who seek to obey him. PSA 25 1 sq2m writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -PSA 25 1 z3ls figs-metaphor 0 I lift up my life The phrase “lift up my life” is a metaphor. Possible meanings are (1) the writer is giving himself to Yahweh, which means he is completely depending on Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I give myself to you” or (2) he is offering prayer and adoration to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I worship and adore you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 25 1 z3ls figs-metaphor 0 I lift up my life The phrase “lift up my life” is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) the writer is giving himself to Yahweh, which means he is completely depending on Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I give myself to you” or (2) he is offering prayer and adoration to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I worship and adore you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 25 2 m2b6 figs-activepassive 0 Do not let me be humiliated This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let my enemies humiliate me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 25 2 ff1t figs-idiom 0 rejoice triumphantly over me “rejoice in triumph over me.” The phrase “over me” implies that his enemies have defeated him and stand above in victory. Alternate translation: “defeat me and rejoice about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 25 3 jw7y figs-explicit 0 May no one who hopes in you be disgraced “Do not let those who hope in you be disgraced.” Disgrace could come from being defeated by their enemies. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let enemies defeat those who hope in you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ PSA 26 5 hc11 0 the assembly of evildoers “those who gather to do evil” PSA 26 5 ees1 figs-nominaladj 0 the wicked This is a nominal adjective. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) PSA 26 6 idg7 translate-symaction 0 I wash my hands in innocence This seems to refer to a ritual washing of hands in water to symbolize freedom from sin and guilt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) PSA 26 6 u7rx 0 I go around your altar This was an action of worship that the Israelites were accustomed to doing. -PSA 26 8 ywm8 0 the house where you live Possible meanings are (1) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem or (2) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there. +PSA 26 8 ywm8 0 the house where you live This could mean: (1) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem or (2) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there. PSA 26 8 adz5 figs-metonymy 0 the place where your glory lives Here “glory” represents the presence and power of God, which is similar to a very bright light. Alternate translation: “the place where people can see the glorious light of your presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 26 9 k89i figs-metaphor 0 Do not sweep me away with sinners “Sweep away” here is a metaphor for destruction. Alternate translation: “Do not destroy me along with sinners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 26 9 gb7w figs-ellipsis 0 or my life The word “sweep” is understood. Alternate translation: “or sweep my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) @@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ PSA 27 3 z488 0 I will remain confident “I will continue to trust God to hel PSA 27 4 p5pc 0 have I asked of Yahweh “I have asked Yahweh to let me do” PSA 27 4 vpq5 figs-metaphor 0 I will seek that A person really wanting something and continually asking God for it is spoken of as if he were seeking to find something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 27 4 gb9g figs-metaphor 0 to see the beauty of Yahweh The wonderful character of God is spoken of as if it were physical beauty. Alternate translation: “to see how wonderful Yahweh is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 27 4 c2a9 0 to meditate in his temple Possible meanings are (1) “to ask God what he wants me to do” or (2) “to think carefully about God in his temple.” +PSA 27 4 c2a9 0 to meditate in his temple This could mean: (1) “to ask God what he wants me to do” or (2) “to think carefully about God in his temple.” PSA 27 5 cv9f 0 in the day of trouble “in times of trouble” or “when I have troubles” PSA 27 5 vjd7 0 he will hide me “he will protect me” PSA 27 5 cc6r figs-parallelism 0 his shelter…his tent Both of these refer to the tabernacle where the writer is worshiping God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -886,14 +886,14 @@ PSA 28 1 y82h 0 do not ignore me “do not be silent to me” or “do not lea PSA 28 1 y255 figs-metaphor 0 I will join those who go down to the grave People who die are spoken of as if they are going down into the grave. Alternate translation: “I will die like those who are in the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 28 2 i4h9 figs-metonymy 0 Hear the sound of my pleading Here “sound” refers to the content of his request. Alternate translation: “Hear my strong request” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 28 2 t7ig translate-symaction 0 I lift up my hands toward your most holy place Lifting up hands is a symbol of worship. The writer is not worshiping the holy place, but Yahweh who lives in the holy place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -PSA 28 2 a92a 0 your most holy place Possible meanings are (1) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there, or (2) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem. +PSA 28 2 a92a 0 your most holy place This could mean: (1) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there, or (2) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem. PSA 28 3 r4t6 figs-metaphor 0 Do not drag me away God punishing people is spoken of as if he physically drags them away. In this metaphor Yahweh may be dragging them to prison, exile, or death. Alternate translation: “Do not remove me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 28 3 y9zp 0 who speak peace with their neighbors Here “neighbors” refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “who speak peacefully with other people” PSA 28 3 y46g figs-metonymy 0 but have evil in their hearts Here “hearts” represents a person’s mind or thoughts. Alternate translation: “but are thinking something evil about them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 28 4 g3b9 figs-parallelism 0 Give them what their deeds deserve…repay them what their wickedness demands These two phrases mean the same thing. They are used together to emphasize that they deserve for God to punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 28 4 z39d figs-metonymy 0 the work of their hands Here “hands” represent what the person has done. Alternate translation: “the things they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 28 4 d21y 0 render to them their due “give them what they deserve” -PSA 28 5 vma7 0 Because they do not understand…never rebuild them Possible meanings are (1) David is confident about what God will do to wicked people or (2) David is asking God to destroy the wicked people. +PSA 28 5 vma7 0 Because they do not understand…never rebuild them This could mean: (1) David is confident about what God will do to wicked people or (2) David is asking God to destroy the wicked people. PSA 28 5 b1cw figs-explicit 0 they do not understand the deeds of Yahweh It is implied that “do not understand” means they ignore or do not honor Yahweh’s works. Alternate translation: “they do not regard with honor what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 28 5 a757 figs-metonymy 0 the work of his hands Here “hands” represents what Yahweh has done or created. Alternate translation: “what he has created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 28 5 uqh3 figs-metaphor 0 he will tear them down and never rebuild them The punishment of the wicked people is spoken of as if they were a building or a city that God would destroy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1027,7 +1027,7 @@ PSA 31 23 a8kd figs-nominaladj 0 the faithful This refers to the faithful peopl PSA 31 23 el6y figs-idiom 0 he pays back the arrogant in full Here “pay back” is an idiom that refers to punishment. Alternate translation: “he gives the proud people all of the punishment that they deserve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 32 intro le2f 0 # Psalm 032 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 32 is a psalm of confession of sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Confession of sin<br>This psalm tells of the sorrow of unconfessed sin; it also tells of the blessing of confession and of receiving God’s forgiveness. It is such a blessing when God forgives sin. Trouble comes when sin is hidden and not confessed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]]) PSA 32 1 w4yz writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -PSA 32 1 tgw8 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. +PSA 32 1 tgw8 0 A psalm of David This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. PSA 32 1 pzp9 figs-parallelism 0 whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered These phrases have similar meanings. They can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who God forgives his transgression and covers his sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 32 1 sch5 figs-metaphor 0 whose sin is covered Here sin that is forgiven is spoken of as if it were covered so that it can not be seen. Alternate translation: “whose sin is ignored” or “whose sin is deliberately forgotten” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 32 2 k682 figs-activepassive 0 to whom Yahweh reckons no guilt This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom Yahweh sees as innocent” or “who is not guilty according to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -1045,7 +1045,7 @@ PSA 32 8 x1lw figs-doublet 0 I will instruct you and teach you in the way The w PSA 32 8 mh9j 0 I will instruct Here the “I” is probably Yahweh who talks directly to David. PSA 32 8 s74m figs-metaphor 0 in the way which you should go Living in the correct way is spoken of as if it were a path that the writer should walk. Alternate translation: “how you should live your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 32 8 lj3f figs-metonymy 0 with my eye upon you Here “my eye” refers to Yahweh’s attention. Alternate translation: “and direct my attention to you” or “and watch over you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PSA 32 9 ry6h figs-simile 0 Do not be like a horse…no understanding The writer compares people with no understanding to horses and mules. Possible meanings are (1) the writer is speaking Yahweh’s words to his readers, “You all must not be like a horse…no understanding” or (2) Yahweh is speaking to the writer as though to a group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +PSA 32 9 ry6h figs-simile 0 Do not be like a horse…no understanding The writer compares people with no understanding to horses and mules. This could mean: (1) the writer is speaking Yahweh’s words to his readers, “You all must not be like a horse…no understanding” or (2) Yahweh is speaking to the writer as though to a group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) PSA 32 9 g1b3 0 bridle and bit Two tools that are used by people to guide horses and mules go where the rider wants them to go. PSA 32 9 cv6w 0 where you want them to “where anyone wants them to go.” The “you” here is singular and refers to no one in particular. PSA 32 10 ann9 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness will surround the one who trusts in him Yahweh being faithful to a person and protecting that person is spoken of as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness surrounded the person. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant, he will protect the one who trusts in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) @@ -1097,7 +1097,7 @@ PSA 33 22 nn9g figs-metaphor 0 Let your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, be with PSA 33 22 jye8 0 as we put our hope in you “as we hope for your help” PSA 34 intro az5s 0 # Psalm 034 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 34 is a teaching psalm and includes thanksgiving. It teaches that living right leads to a good life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])<br><br>The psalm does not relate directly to the superscription given about Abimelech.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s help<br>Good people can have problems, but God brings them through these. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]]) PSA 34 1 p9iv writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -PSA 34 1 w9ay 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. +PSA 34 1 w9ay 0 A psalm of David This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. PSA 34 1 j36y 0 pretended to be insane “acted like a crazy person” PSA 34 1 m4gs figs-explicit 0 before Abimelech This refers to a specific historical event that the Hebrews knew well. Alternate translation: “when he was in Abimelech’s house” or “when he was Abimelech’s prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 34 1 klk3 figs-metonymy 0 his praise will always be in my mouth Here “in my mouth” refers to David speaking about Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will always praise him out loud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1144,7 +1144,7 @@ PSA 35 2 uj8w figs-metaphor 0 Grab your small shield and large shield The write PSA 35 2 f9eb 0 small shield and large shield these are defensive weapons PSA 35 3 e4ia figs-metaphor 0 Use your spear and battle ax The writer describes God as a warrior who is preparing himself for battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 35 3 qr78 0 spear and battle ax these are offensive weapons -PSA 35 3 z8vr figs-metaphor 0 those who chase me Possible meanings are (1) these enemies are literally chasing the writer or (2) this is a metaphor for people who are enemies of the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 35 3 z8vr figs-metaphor 0 those who chase me This could mean: (1) these enemies are literally chasing the writer or (2) this is a metaphor for people who are enemies of the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 35 3 k4rj figs-synecdoche 0 say to my soul This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “say to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 35 3 wz6p figs-abstractnouns 0 I am your salvation This can be stated without the abstract noun. Alternate translation: “I am your savior” or “I will save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 35 4 w6yz figs-activepassive 0 May those who seek my life be shamed and dishonored This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh shame and dishonor those who seek my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -1163,7 +1163,7 @@ PSA 35 7 kw8m figs-synecdoche 0 my life This refers to the writer. Alternate tr PSA 35 8 iq5p figs-personification 0 Let destruction overtake them by surprise Destruction is spoken of as if it was a dangerous animal that would suddenly attack them. Alternate translation: “Let them be destroyed suddenly” or “Let them be surprised because you destroy them suddenly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 35 8 d6rv figs-metaphor 0 the net that they have set The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a net that they place to catch the writer. Alternate translation: “the net that they placed in order to capture me like an animal and harm me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 35 8 e9d9 figs-metaphor 0 Let them fall into it This is the same metaphor as in verse 7. The net is intended to catch the writer. Alternate translation: “Let them fall into the pit that they dug for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -PSA 35 8 n85r 0 fall into it Possible meanings are (1) fall into the pit of verse 7 or (2) fall into destruction. +PSA 35 8 n85r 0 fall into it This could mean: (1) fall into the pit of verse 7 or (2) fall into destruction. PSA 35 8 q1k1 figs-abstractnouns 0 to their destruction The abstract noun “destruction” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “so that they will be destroyed” or “that is how you should destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 35 9 gv3z figs-abstractnouns 0 in his salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “because you save me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 35 10 dy1n figs-metonymy 0 All my bones Here “bones” refers to the deepest inner being of a person. Alternate translation: “My whole inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1336,7 +1336,7 @@ PSA 37 40 jus5 figs-parallelism 0 helps…rescues…saves This same idea is rep PSA 37 40 qwg7 figs-metaphor 0 they have taken refuge in him Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “they have gone to him for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 38 intro ysy3 0 # Psalm 038 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 38 is a confession of sin and a prayer for deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Author’s sickness<br>The author was very sick and his enemies were seeking ways to destroy him. PSA 38 1 nsf9 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -PSA 38 1 n1x9 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. +PSA 38 1 n1x9 0 A psalm of David This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. PSA 38 1 nd38 figs-parallelism 0 do not rebuke me in your anger…do not punish me in your wrath These phrases mean basically the same thing and the idea is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 38 2 z5x4 figs-metaphor 0 your arrows pierce me The severity of Yahweh’s punishment of the writer is spoken of as if Yahweh had shot arrows into the writer. Alternate translation: “Your punishment is as painful as if you had shot arrows into me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 38 2 w3fq figs-metaphor 0 your hand presses me down Yahweh’s punishment of the writer is spoken of as if Yahweh was smashing the writer with his hand. Here, “hand” refers to Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “your power knocks me down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1363,7 +1363,7 @@ PSA 38 13 hm4h figs-simile 0 I am like a mute man…says nothing The writer doe PSA 38 13 s5pm 0 a mute man a person who cannot speak PSA 38 14 th66 0 does not hear The writer does not listen to what his enemies are saying. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile) PSA 38 14 ir1x 0 has no reply The writer does not speak evil words to or about his enemies. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile) -PSA 38 15 px8y 0 you will answer Possible meanings are (1) “you will answer me” or (2) “you will answer my enemies.” +PSA 38 15 px8y 0 you will answer This could mean: (1) “you will answer me” or (2) “you will answer my enemies.” PSA 38 16 gan3 0 will not gloat over me “will not delight over my trouble” PSA 38 16 bq5f figs-synecdoche 0 If my foot slips Here “my foot” represents the writer. The slipping of his foot is a metaphor that refers to the writer’s troubles and misfortunes. Alternate translation: “If I make mistakes that cause me trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 38 17 s48p figs-metaphor 0 I am about to stumble Possible meanings for this metaphor are (1) “I am so sick that I am about to die” or (2) “I will soon be ruined.” It may be best not to interpret the metaphor in the text. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1413,13 +1413,13 @@ PSA 40 1 yu4m 0 I waited patiently for Yahweh This means the writer was waitin PSA 40 1 j6iw figs-doublet 0 he listened to me…heard my cry These mean the same thing, and can be combined into one statement. Alternate translation: “he listened to me when I called out to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) PSA 40 2 jcv4 figs-parallelism 0 out of a horrible pit, out of the miry clay These two metaphors mean the same thing. The writer’s danger is spoken of as if it was a deadly pit full of mud. This emphasizes the danger. Alternate translation: “from being trapped in a horrible pit full of sticky mud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 40 2 yav8 figs-synecdoche 0 he set my feet on a rock Here “my feet” refers to the writer, and “a rock” refers a place of safety. Alternate translation: “he provided safety for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PSA 40 3 kgu6 0 He has put a new song in my mouth Possible meanings are (1) “He has taught me the words to a new song” or (2) “He has given me a new reason to sing.” +PSA 40 3 kgu6 0 He has put a new song in my mouth This could mean: (1) “He has taught me the words to a new song” or (2) “He has given me a new reason to sing.” PSA 40 3 bl9j figs-synecdoche 0 in my mouth Here “my mouth” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 40 3 n4gq figs-abstractnouns 0 praise to our God The noun “praise” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “a song to praise our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 40 3 z44r figs-metonymy 0 Many will see it Here “see it” refers to hearing the writer sing his song about what God has done for him. Alternate translation: “Many people will hear me tell what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 40 4 cal5 0 Blessed is the man who makes Yahweh his trust “Blessed is the man who trusts in Yahweh” or “Those who trust in Yahweh are blessed” PSA 40 4 z621 figs-nominaladj 0 the proud This refers to the people who are proud. Alternate translation: “proud people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -PSA 40 4 f9yc 0 to lies The Hebrew word is unclear. Possible meanings are (1) “lies” or (2) “false gods.” +PSA 40 4 f9yc 0 to lies The Hebrew word is unclear. This could mean: (1) “lies” or (2) “false gods.” PSA 40 5 x7v4 figs-activepassive 0 your thoughts which are about us cannot be numbered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can count all the things you think about us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 40 5 kzt9 figs-parallelism 0 cannot be numbered…more than could be counted These phrases mean essentially the same thing. The first is stated in negative form, and the second is stated in positive form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) PSA 40 6 z1vh figs-hyperbole 0 You have no delight in sacrifice or offering This is an exaggeration to express that other things are much more important to God. Alternate translation: “Sacrifices and other offerings are not the things that delight you most” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) @@ -1468,11 +1468,11 @@ PSA 41 3 lt8b figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh will support him on the bed of suffering T PSA 41 3 ygd6 figs-metonymy 0 you will make his bed of sickness into a bed of healing The phrase “a bed of healing” refers to when a person rests in bed and recovers from his sickness. Alternate translation: “you, Yahweh, will heal him of his sickness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 41 5 yg22 figs-ellipsis 0 his name perish If a person’s name dies, it means that people forget that he had ever lived. Alternate translation: “when will his name perish” or “when will people forget about him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 41 6 evn1 0 If my enemy comes to see me The words “my enemy” refers to any enemy in general, and not to one specific enemy. -PSA 41 6 m4zm figs-idiom 0 he says worthless things Possible meanings are (1) “he says meaningless things” or (2) his enemies say things to make him think that they are his friends when they are not. Alternate translation: “he says deceitful things” or “they pretend to be concerned about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +PSA 41 6 m4zm figs-idiom 0 he says worthless things This could mean: (1) “he says meaningless things” or (2) his enemies say things to make him think that they are his friends when they are not. Alternate translation: “he says deceitful things” or “they pretend to be concerned about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 41 6 c5vp figs-synecdoche 0 his heart gathers up my disaster for itself His enemies try to learn all of the bad things about him. Here the word “heart” refers the whole person. Bad circumstances are spoken of as if they were objects that can be gathered. Alternate translation: “he tries to learn about all of my disasters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 41 7 sq8r 0 against me they hope for my hurt Possible meanings are (1) “they hope that very bad things will happen to me” or (2) “they are planning to hurt me.” +PSA 41 7 sq8r 0 against me they hope for my hurt This could mean: (1) “they hope that very bad things will happen to me” or (2) “they are planning to hurt me.” PSA 41 8 l22y figs-personification 0 An evil disease…to him His enemies speak of “disease” as if it were a person who has captured him. Alternate translation: “He is sick with a fatal disease” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 41 8 hfg4 0 An evil disease Possible meanings are (1) “A fatal disease” or (2) “Something evil” +PSA 41 8 hfg4 0 An evil disease This could mean: (1) “A fatal disease” or (2) “Something evil” PSA 41 8 cay3 figs-explicit 0 now that he is lying down, he will rise up no more Here the words “lying down” refer to lying in bed because of illness. That he will not “rise up” means that he will continue to lie down, which is a euphemism for death. Alternate translation: “now that he is sick in bed, he will die there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) PSA 41 9 jzy3 figs-idiom 0 has lifted up his heel against me This is an idiom that means his friend betrayed him. Alternate translation: “has betrayed me” or “has turned against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 41 10 r3b3 figs-declarative 0 But you, Yahweh, have mercy on me and raise me up This is a request. Alternate translation: “Please, Yahweh, have mercy on me and raise me up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]]) @@ -1514,7 +1514,7 @@ PSA 42 7 c6aq figs-personification 0 Deep calls to deep at the noise of your wa PSA 42 7 exq2 figs-metaphor 0 all your waves…have gone over me The author speaks of his great misfortune and sadness as if they are deep waters that drown him with one wave after another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 42 7 d5k7 figs-doublet 0 your waves and your billows The word “billows” is another word for “waves.” Together the two words emphasize the greatness of the waves. Alternate translation: “all of your great waves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) PSA 42 8 ef4n figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh will command his covenant faithfulness in the daytime The writer speaks of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness as if it were a person whom he commands to be with him. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will show me his covenant faithfulness in the daytime” or “Yahweh will show me in the daytime how faithful he is to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 42 8 jsc8 0 his song Possible meanings are (1) “the song that he gives me” or (2) “the song about him” +PSA 42 8 jsc8 0 his song This could mean: (1) “the song that he gives me” or (2) “the song about him” PSA 42 8 xm7t 0 the God of my life “the God who gives me life” PSA 42 9 si6j figs-metaphor 0 I will say to God, my rock The writer speaks of God as if he were a huge rock that would provide protection from enemy attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 42 9 b1ik 0 Why do I go mourning To “go mourning” is to perform customs related to being very sad. @@ -1526,7 +1526,7 @@ PSA 42 11 wp6h figs-metaphor 0 bowed down The writer speaks of depression or di PSA 42 11 ghd7 figs-imperative 0 Hope in God The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. See how you translated this in [Psalms 42:5](../042/005.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) PSA 43 intro x44y 0 # Psalm 043 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 43 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a plea for rescue from the psalmist’s enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Encouragement<br>The author should not be discouraged because he trusts in God to deliver him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>### Psalm 42 and Psalm 43<br>Some scholars believe that these two psalms were originally written together as one psalm. PSA 43 1 il4d writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -PSA 43 2 quk8 0 the God of my strength Possible meanings are (1) “the God who protects me” or (2) “the God who gives me strength.” +PSA 43 2 quk8 0 the God of my strength This could mean: (1) “the God who protects me” or (2) “the God who gives me strength.” PSA 43 2 a96e figs-rquestion 0 Why have you rejected me? Why do I go about in mourning because of the oppression of the enemy? The writer asks these questions in order to complain to God and express his emotions, not to receive an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PSA 43 2 cpw2 0 Why do I go about in mourning To “go about in mourning” is to perform customs related to being very sad. PSA 43 2 d84h figs-abstractnouns 0 because of the oppression of the enemy The word “oppression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “because my enemy oppresses me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) @@ -1613,10 +1613,10 @@ PSA 45 2 x1mq figs-hyperbole 0 You are fairer than the children of mankind This PSA 45 2 an93 figs-metaphor 0 grace is poured onto your lips The writer speaks of grace as if it were oil that someone has used to anoint the king’s lips. The word “lips” refers to the king’s speech. The phrase means that the king speaks eloquently. Alternate translation: “it is as if someone has anointed your lips with oil” or “you speak eloquently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 45 3 y2u2 figs-explicit 0 Put your sword on your side Warriors carried their swords in a sheath that hung from a belt around their waist. The sword would rest against their side. This phrase describes an action of someone preparing for battle. Alternate translation: “Prepare yourself for battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 45 4 cyr3 0 ride on triumphantly The writer tells the king to ride his horse or chariot to victory. -PSA 45 4 s46i figs-abstractnouns 0 because of trustworthiness, meekness, and righteousness The abstract nouns “trustworthiness,” “meekness,” and “righteousness” can be stated as adjectives. Possible meanings are (1) these are qualities of the mighty one. Alternate translation: “because you are trustworthy, meek, and righteous” or (2) these are virtues that he fights to uphold for the people whom he rules. Alternate translation: “in order to fight for what is trustworthy, meek, and right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +PSA 45 4 s46i figs-abstractnouns 0 because of trustworthiness, meekness, and righteousness The abstract nouns “trustworthiness,” “meekness,” and “righteousness” can be stated as adjectives. This could mean: (1) these are qualities of the mighty one. Alternate translation: “because you are trustworthy, meek, and righteous” or (2) these are virtues that he fights to uphold for the people whom he rules. Alternate translation: “in order to fight for what is trustworthy, meek, and right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 45 4 td7g figs-metonymy 0 your right hand will teach you fearful things Most soldiers held their swords with their right hands when they fought. Here, the phrase “right hand” refers to his ability to fight, which the writer speaks of as if it were a person who can teach the king through the experience he gains in battle. Alternate translation: “You will learn to accomplish great military feats by fighting in many battles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 45 4 ij55 0 fearful things “awesome deeds.” This refers to military victories that cause his enemies to fear him and his allies to revere him. -PSA 45 5 k74n 0 the peoples fall under you This phrase refers to the king defeating his enemies. Possible meanings are (1) “the peoples fall at your feet in surrender” or (2) “the peoples fall dead at your feet.” +PSA 45 5 k74n 0 the peoples fall under you This phrase refers to the king defeating his enemies. This could mean: (1) “the peoples fall at your feet in surrender” or (2) “the peoples fall dead at your feet.” PSA 45 5 zn7a 0 your arrows are in the hearts of the king’s enemies “your arrows have pierced the hearts of your enemies.” The writer speaks to the king while referring to the king in the third person. PSA 45 6 d479 figs-metonymy 0 Your throne…is forever and ever The word “throne” represents the kingdom and rule of the king. Alternate translation: “Your kingdom…is forever and ever” or “You will reign…forever and ever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 45 6 mh74 0 Your throne, God Possible meanings are that the word “God” (1) is a title for the king, who is God’s representative or (2) modifies the word “throne” and means “Your kingdom that God has given you.” @@ -1669,7 +1669,7 @@ PSA 46 6 m4wd figs-metaphor 0 the kingdoms were shaken Here, the word “shaken PSA 46 6 hp6t figs-metaphor 0 he lifted up his voice “God lifted up his voice.” The writer speaks of the “voice” as an object that a person can pick up and raise into the air. This means that the voice becomes louder. Alternate translation: “God shouted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 46 6 p2kl figs-metonymy 0 the earth melted The writer speaks of the earth as an object, such as ice, that can melt. Here “the earth” represents mankind, and to melt represents fear. Alternate translation: “the people of the earth tremble with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 46 7 lc6w figs-metaphor 0 the God of Jacob is our refuge The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. Alternate translation: “the God of Jacob gives us safety” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 46 7 nkp6 figs-metonymy 0 the God of Jacob Possible meanings are (1) “the God whom Jacob worshiped” or (2) “Jacob” is a metonym for the nation of Israel and means “the God of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PSA 46 7 nkp6 figs-metonymy 0 the God of Jacob This could mean: (1) “the God whom Jacob worshiped” or (2) “Jacob” is a metonym for the nation of Israel and means “the God of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 46 9 lwa3 0 He makes wars cease “He makes nations stop fighting wars” PSA 46 9 b5gh figs-idiom 0 to the ends of the earth This is an idiom that refers to everywhere in the word. Alternate translation: “everywhere in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 46 9 v24c 0 he breaks the bow…burns up the shields One way in which Yahweh will make all wars to cease is by destroying the weapons that the armies use to fight one another. @@ -1700,7 +1700,7 @@ PSA 48 intro wfx3 0 # Psalm 048 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psal PSA 48 1 s5c1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: This psalm is a song about Jerusalem being God’s dwelling place. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 48 1 az4y figs-activepassive 0 greatly to be praised This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “people are to praise him greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 48 1 az2x 0 the city of our God on his holy mountain This is a reference to Jerusalem, which was built on Mount Zion. -PSA 48 1 dj9j 0 the city of our God Possible meanings are (1) “the city where our God lives” or (2) “the city that belongs to our God” +PSA 48 1 dj9j 0 the city of our God This could mean: (1) “the city where our God lives” or (2) “the city that belongs to our God” PSA 48 2 nl3f 0 Beautiful in elevation “Beautiful and high.” The word “elevation” refers to how high mount Zion is. PSA 48 2 y3e3 figs-metonymy 0 the joy of the whole earth, is Mount Zion Here the word “earth” refers to everyone living on the earth. The word “joy” may be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Mount Zion gives joy to everyone on earth” or “everyone on earth rejoices because of Mount Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 48 2 r8gx 0 on the sides of the north Possible meanings are that this phrase (1) refers to the direction of the north or (2) is another name for Mount Zion meaning “the mountain of God.” @@ -1712,8 +1712,8 @@ PSA 48 5 q1px 0 They saw it “They saw Jerusalem” PSA 48 5 k5fi 0 dismayed greatly troubled PSA 48 6 xy4p figs-personification 0 Trembling took hold of them there The writer speaks of the kings’ fear as if it were a person who caused the kings and their armies to tremble. Alternate translation: “There they trembled with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 48 6 ees5 figs-metaphor 0 pain as when a woman is in labor The writer speaks of the kings’ fear as if it were the pain that a woman experiences in childbirth and speaks of that pain as if it were a person. The verb may be supplied from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “pain took hold of them, as when a woman is in labor” or “they became afraid, like a woman is afraid of experiencing labor pains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -PSA 48 7 e8iv figs-metaphor 0 With the east wind you break the ships of Tarshish Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which the author describes the kings being afraid as if they were ships that shake because God destroys them with a strong wind. Alternate translation: “They shook with fear, as the ships of Tarshish shake when you break them with the east wind” or (2) this is an apostrophe in which the author describes God’s great power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -PSA 48 7 qp44 0 the east wind Possible meanings are (1) “a wind blowing from the east” or (2) “a strong wind.” +PSA 48 7 e8iv figs-metaphor 0 With the east wind you break the ships of Tarshish This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which the author describes the kings being afraid as if they were ships that shake because God destroys them with a strong wind. Alternate translation: “They shook with fear, as the ships of Tarshish shake when you break them with the east wind” or (2) this is an apostrophe in which the author describes God’s great power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) +PSA 48 7 qp44 0 the east wind This could mean: (1) “a wind blowing from the east” or (2) “a strong wind.” PSA 48 7 n4q7 0 the ships of Tarshish Possible meanings are that this refers to (1) ships that sail to or are built in the city of Tarshish or (2) any large ocean-going ship. PSA 48 8 b3ds figs-explicit 0 As we have heard It is implied that what they have heard is the great things that God has done in the past. Alternate translation: “As we have heard about the great things that God has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 48 8 g7aa figs-explicit 0 so have we seen This means that they have seen the proof that the things that they have heard are true. Alternate translation: “so we have seen God do great things now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -1729,7 +1729,7 @@ PSA 48 11 csq8 figs-metaphor 0 let the daughters of Judah rejoice The writer sp PSA 48 12 r196 figs-parallelism 0 Walk around Mount Zion, go round about her These two phrases are parallel. Alternate translation: “Walk all the way around Mount Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 48 13 d5xm 0 notice well “notice in detail” PSA 48 14 wub8 figs-abstractnouns 0 he will be our guide The word “guide” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he will guide us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -PSA 48 14 rmz8 0 to death Possible meanings are (1) “until we die” or (2) “forever.” +PSA 48 14 rmz8 0 to death This could mean: (1) “until we die” or (2) “forever.” PSA 49 intro r9r3 0 # Psalm 049 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 49 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Riches<br>Riches do not last forever. They cannot save a person from death, and they cannot be taken from a person at death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) PSA 49 1 wm6j writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 49 1 f4gj 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship” @@ -1743,7 +1743,7 @@ PSA 49 4 wva9 figs-metaphor 0 incline my ear The writer speaks of listening car PSA 49 4 ge9u 0 with the harp “as I play the harp” PSA 49 5 yhr6 figs-rquestion 0 Why should I fear…heels? The writer asks this question to emphasize that he has no reason to fear when bad things happen. Alternate translation: “I have no reason to fear…heels.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PSA 49 5 vu7z 0 the days of evil “when evil things happen.” Here the word “days” refers to general periods of time. -PSA 49 5 ug31 figs-metaphor 0 when iniquity surrounds me at my heels Possible meanings are (1) the writer speaks of the evil desires of his enemies as if it were a predator ready to overtake him. Alternate translation: “when the iniquity of sinful men is ready to overcome me” or (2) the writer’s enemies surround him as they commit their iniquity. Alternate translation: “when my enemies surround me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 49 5 ug31 figs-metaphor 0 when iniquity surrounds me at my heels This could mean: (1) the writer speaks of the evil desires of his enemies as if it were a predator ready to overtake him. Alternate translation: “when the iniquity of sinful men is ready to overcome me” or (2) the writer’s enemies surround him as they commit their iniquity. Alternate translation: “when my enemies surround me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 49 6 z2gn figs-explicit 0 those who trust in their wealth These people trust their wealth will keep them from having to suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 49 6 w369 0 about the amount of their riches a large amount of something PSA 49 7 mmh3 0 It is certain that no one “There is no way that any of them can” or Alternate translation: “No one can” @@ -1767,7 +1767,7 @@ PSA 49 14 fu5c figs-metaphor 0 in the morning Here the word “morning” is a PSA 49 14 xwx2 figs-personification 0 their bodies will be consumed in Sheol The writer speaks of Sheol, the place of the dead, as if it were a person or animal. He speaks of the decay of dead bodies as if Sheol were eating them. Alternate translation: “their bodies will decompose in the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 49 15 hdm9 figs-personification 0 God will redeem my life from the power of Sheol The writer speaks of Sheol as if it were a person who has power over those who die. From the context, it is implied that this power refers to consuming the bodies of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 49 15 vf45 figs-synecdoche 0 God will redeem my life Here the word “life” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “God will redeem me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -PSA 49 16 gm8v 0 the glory of his house increases The word “glory” here refers to wealth or riches. Possible meanings are (1) “when he gains more wealth in his house” or (2) “when his family becomes richer.” +PSA 49 16 gm8v 0 the glory of his house increases The word “glory” here refers to wealth or riches. This could mean: (1) “when he gains more wealth in his house” or (2) “when his family becomes richer.” PSA 49 17 a1l5 0 he will take nothing away “he will take nothing with him to the grave” PSA 49 17 cz54 figs-euphemism 0 his glory will not go down after him The phrase “go down” refers to when the man dies. Alternate translation: “his glory will not go along with him when he dies” or “he will not keep his reputation when he dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) PSA 49 18 eq9c figs-synecdoche 0 He blessed his soul Here the word “soul” refers to the whole person. This phrase means that he considered himself to be happy and successful because of his riches. Alternate translation: “He congratulated himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -1778,13 +1778,13 @@ PSA 50 1 v4hj writing-poetry 0 General Information: This psalm is a song that t PSA 50 1 wpn8 0 The Mighty One, God, Yahweh The author uses three different names to speak of God. PSA 50 1 s58x figs-metonymy 0 called the earth Here the word “earth” refers to the people who live on the earth. Alternate translation: “called all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 50 1 ycf8 figs-merism 0 from the rising of the sun to its setting This phrase refers to the directions east, where the sun rises, and west, where the sun sets. The writer uses these two extremes to represent everywhere on earth. Alternate translation: “everywhere on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -PSA 50 2 k7vg 0 Zion, the perfection of beauty Possible meanings are (1) “Zion, whose beauty is perfect” or (2) “Zion, the most beautiful city.” +PSA 50 2 k7vg 0 Zion, the perfection of beauty This could mean: (1) “Zion, whose beauty is perfect” or (2) “Zion, the most beautiful city.” PSA 50 2 k22a figs-metaphor 0 God has shone The writer speaks of God as if he were a light that shines. This refers to God causing people to know about his glory. Alternate translation: “God’s glory shines like a light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 50 3 ymh5 figs-litotes 0 does not stay silent The writer uses this negative statement to emphasize the positive. Alternate translation: “speaks so that everyone can hear him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) PSA 50 3 m31d figs-metaphor 0 a fire devours before him The writer speaks of a fire burning things as if it were eating them. Alternate translation: “a fire burns in front of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 50 3 pw8f 0 it is very stormy around him “there is a great storm around him” -PSA 50 4 d22v figs-metonymy 0 He calls to the heavens above and to the earth Possible meanings are (1) God is calling on all who live in heaven and on earth to be witnesses as he judges his people or (2) God is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses as he judges his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -PSA 50 6 fxq3 figs-metonymy 0 The heavens will declare Possible meanings are (1) the writer uses the word “heavens” to refer to the angels who live there or (2) the writer speaks of “the heavens” as if they are a person who testifies about God’s righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +PSA 50 4 d22v figs-metonymy 0 He calls to the heavens above and to the earth This could mean: (1) God is calling on all who live in heaven and on earth to be witnesses as he judges his people or (2) God is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses as he judges his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +PSA 50 6 fxq3 figs-metonymy 0 The heavens will declare This could mean: (1) the writer uses the word “heavens” to refer to the angels who live there or (2) the writer speaks of “the heavens” as if they are a person who testifies about God’s righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 50 8 ef2a 0 I will not reprove you for your sacrifices “I will reprove you, but not for your sacrifices.” God explains that their sacrifices are not the reason that he is reproving them. PSA 50 8 s2pk 0 reprove tell someone he is guilty of doing wrong PSA 50 8 m19c figs-idiom 0 your burnt offerings are always before me This explains why God is not rebuking them for their sacrifices. The phrase “are always before me” refers to being in God’s presence and means that his people are always sacrificing their burnt offerings to him. Alternate translation: “you are always sacrificing burnt offerings to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -1802,7 +1802,7 @@ PSA 50 16 ww85 figs-nominaladj 0 to the wicked The word “wicked” refers to PSA 50 16 mat4 figs-metaphor 0 have taken my covenant in your mouth God speaks of wicked people reciting the words of his covenant as if they are putting the covenant in their mouth. Alternate translation: “talk about my covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 50 17 zuf2 figs-rquestion 0 since you hate instruction and throw my words away This is the end of the rhetorical question begun with the words “What have you to do” ([Psalms 50:16](../050/016.md)). God uses this question to rebuke wicked people. This question can be turned into a statement: “It is not right for you to declare my statutes and my covenant, since you hate instruction and throw my words away.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PSA 50 17 l69z figs-metaphor 0 throw my words away God speaks of the wicked people rejecting what he says as if they were throwing away trash. Alternate translation: “reject what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 50 18 v2nw figs-idiom 0 you agree with him Possible meanings are (1) that they approve of the thief’s actions. Alternate translation: “you approve or him” or (2) that they join the thief in their actions. Alternate translation: “you join him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +PSA 50 18 v2nw figs-idiom 0 you agree with him This could mean: (1) that they approve of the thief’s actions. Alternate translation: “you approve or him” or (2) that they join the thief in their actions. Alternate translation: “you join him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 50 19 p5te figs-metaphor 0 You give your mouth to evil God speaks of a person speaking evil things as if that person’s mouth is a messenger whom the person sends to do evil things. Alternate translation: “You are always saying evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 50 19 eu22 figs-synecdoche 0 your tongue expresses deceit The word “tongue” represents the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “you are always telling lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 50 20 zjx3 figs-parallelism 0 You sit and speak against your brother; you slander your own mother’s son These two phrases have the same meaning but use different words. God accuses them of speaking falsely against members of their own family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -1818,7 +1818,7 @@ PSA 50 23 u5xv figs-abstractnouns 0 I will show God’s salvation The abstract PSA 51 intro uij8 0 # Psalm 051 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 51 is a psalm of repentance from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Repentance<br>The psalmist is truly sorry for having sinned. He repented and God forgave his sins. God wants true sorrow for having sinned, not sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/true]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]])<br><br>### Author of Psalm<br>Scholars are divided over whether this psalm was authored by King David as is mentioned by the superscription. If nothing else, we can assume the last two verses were added later since Jerusalem is intact with well-built walls during King David’s reign. PSA 51 1 v8pw writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. In this psalm David asks God for forgiveness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 51 1 rl6b 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship.” -PSA 51 1 ia5j 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. +PSA 51 1 ia5j 0 A psalm of David This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. PSA 51 1 sf45 figs-explicit 0 when Nathan the prophet came to him It can be stated clearly what Nathan did when he came to David, because this psalm is in response to that. Alternate translation: “when Nathan the prophet came to David and rebuked him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 51 1 dlr2 figs-abstractnouns 0 because of your covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 51 1 pm2w 0 for the sake of the multitude of your merciful actions “because you do so many merciful things” @@ -1853,7 +1853,7 @@ PSA 51 16 rlr8 figs-explicit 0 you do not delight in sacrifice…you have no pl PSA 51 17 ib5d 0 The sacrifices of God “The sacrifices that please God” PSA 51 17 e3fd figs-metaphor 0 a broken spirit A broken spirit represents a humble attitude. Alternate translation: “humility” or “a person who becomes humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 51 17 r49l figs-metonymy 0 a broken and a contrite heart Being humble and sorry for one’s sin is spoken of as having a broken and contrite heart. The heart represents the emotions and will. Alternate translation: “sorrow and humility” or “a person who is sorry for his sin and humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PSA 51 18 sl4i figs-metaphor 0 rebuild the walls of Jerusalem The walls of a city protect the city and the people in it. Possible meanings are (1) “enable us to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem” or (2) “protect Jerusalem and make it strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 51 18 sl4i figs-metaphor 0 rebuild the walls of Jerusalem The walls of a city protect the city and the people in it. This could mean: (1) “enable us to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem” or (2) “protect Jerusalem and make it strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 51 19 qe3h 0 our people will offer bulls on your altar A bull is an adult male cow. Bulls were often used as sacrificial animals, according to God’s instruction. PSA 52 intro gx5r 0 # Psalm 052 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 52 is a wisdom psalm. It teaches that God will destroy evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Evil people<br>Although the evil people feel secure with their wealth and evil deeds, God will destroy them. But people who do good are secure because God protects them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])<br><br>### Superscription<br>This psalm is called “a Maschil of David.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. PSA 52 1 xe8m writing-poetry 0 General Information: In this psalm the word “you” refers to Doeg. When Saul wanted to kill David, Doeg told Saul where David was so that Saul could find him. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -1887,7 +1887,7 @@ PSA 53 1 kkk8 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to PSA 53 1 a9tq translate-transliterate 0 set to Mahalath This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) PSA 53 1 c5we 0 A maschil This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md). PSA 53 2 cmh4 0 the children of mankind This refers to all people. -PSA 53 2 dy8r figs-metaphor 0 who seek after him Seeking God as a person would look for someone is spoken of as “seeking” God. Possible meanings are (1) wanting to know God. Alternate translation: “who want to know him” or (2) worshiping God. Alternate translation: “who worship him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 53 2 dy8r figs-metaphor 0 who seek after him Seeking God as a person would look for someone is spoken of as “seeking” God. This could mean: (1) wanting to know God. Alternate translation: “who want to know him” or (2) worshiping God. Alternate translation: “who worship him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 53 3 ki3t figs-metaphor 0 They have all turned away Rejecting God and what is right is spoken of as turning away. Alternate translation: “They have all turned away from doing what is right” or “They have all rejected God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 53 4 l2u4 figs-rquestion 0 Do those who commit iniquity have no understanding—those…God? This question is used to show the shock that the writer feels because the people are so sinful. It can be written as two statements. “Those who commit iniquity act as though they do not know anything. They devour my people as if they were eating bread, and they do not call on God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PSA 53 4 l75m figs-metaphor 0 those who devour my people as if they were eating bread Destroying people is spoken of as devouring them. Doing it as if they were eating bread implies that they did it very easily or without feeling guilty about it. Alternate translation: “those who destroy my people as freely as if they were eating bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) @@ -1917,7 +1917,7 @@ PSA 54 5 gch4 figs-metaphor 0 He will repay my enemies with evil Punishment is PSA 54 5 y135 0 in your faithfulness, destroy them Here David changes from talking about God to talking to God. Alternate translation: “God, destroy them because you are faithful to me” PSA 54 6 kq3s figs-synecdoche 0 I will give thanks to your name, Yahweh, for it is good Yahweh’s name represents him. Alternate translation: “I will give thanks to you, Yahweh, for you are good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 54 7 q8mm figs-synecdoche 0 my eye has looked The eye represents the person. Alternate translation: “I have looked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -PSA 54 7 z3ih figs-metonymy 0 my eye has looked in triumph on my enemies Possible meanings are (1) seeing that his enemies have been defeated. Alternate translation: “I have seen that my enemies have been defeated” or (2) defeating his enemies. Alternate translation: “I have defeated my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PSA 54 7 z3ih figs-metonymy 0 my eye has looked in triumph on my enemies This could mean: (1) seeing that his enemies have been defeated. Alternate translation: “I have seen that my enemies have been defeated” or (2) defeating his enemies. Alternate translation: “I have defeated my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 55 intro fx5e 0 # Psalm 055 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 55 is a deliverance psalm. The psalmist is praying that God will deliver him from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Betrayal<br>The author wishes he could get far away from his enemies after his best friend betrayed him. He asks God to completely destroy his enemies. He is trusting God to save him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br><br>### Superscription<br>This psalm is called “a Maschil of David.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. PSA 55 1 gsm2 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 55 1 v48i 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship” @@ -1949,7 +1949,7 @@ PSA 55 12 sl4f figs-metaphor 0 raised himself up against me Being proud of ones PSA 55 13 q1xj figs-apostrophe 0 But it was you The psalmist speaks as though the person who had rebuked and taunted him were there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) PSA 55 13 h4d4 0 myself, my companion and my close friend This can be divided and a new sentence begun. Alternate translation: “myself. You were my companion and my close friend” PSA 55 14 uy9r 0 We The word “we” refers to the psalmist and his friend. -PSA 55 14 jnv2 0 with the throng Possible meanings are (1) “together” or (2) “with the crowd.” +PSA 55 14 jnv2 0 with the throng This could mean: (1) “together” or (2) “with the crowd.” PSA 55 15 a7kh figs-personification 0 Let death come suddenly on them Death is spoken of as if it were a person that could attack people. Alternate translation: “Let my enemies die suddenly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 55 15 v19n figs-metaphor 0 let them go down alive to Sheol Dying suddenly is spoken of as if people were to go to Sheol so fast that they do not even die first. Alternate translation: “let them suddenly go to Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 55 15 wv2z figs-metaphor 0 wickedness is where they live Wickedness is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be in a certain place. The habitual wickedness of his enemies is spoken of as if wickedness were with them or near them. Alternate translation: “they always do wicked things where they live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1983,7 +1983,7 @@ PSA 56 1 xsm1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in He PSA 56 1 by4v 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship;” PSA 56 1 azv1 0 set to Jonath elem rehokim This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing this psalm. Alternate translation: “Sing this psalm using the tune of ‘Jonath elem rehokim’” or “Sing this using the Jonath elem rehokim style” PSA 56 1 urm9 translate-unknown 0 Jonath elem rehokim This may mean “Dove on Distant Oak Trees.” Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) -PSA 56 1 y6cg 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. +PSA 56 1 y6cg 0 A psalm of David This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. PSA 56 1 q2la 0 A michtam The meaning of the word “michtam” is uncertain. You may use the word “psalm” instead. This can be written as: “This is a psalm that David wrote.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md). PSA 56 1 sz95 0 press their assault “come closer and closer in order to attack me” PSA 56 2 e4w9 figs-metaphor 0 My enemies trample me The enemies’ fierce attack is spoken of as if they were crushing his body by marching on it. Alternate translation: “My enemies attack me severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -2012,7 +2012,7 @@ PSA 57 1 i8s5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in He PSA 57 1 ga1f 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship” PSA 57 1 s96j 0 set to Al Tashheth This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. Alternate translation: “sing this psalm using the tune of ‘Al Tashheth’” or “sing this using the Al Tashheth style” PSA 57 1 yl31 translate-unknown 0 Al Tashheth This means “Do Not Destroy.” Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) -PSA 57 1 g4tb 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. +PSA 57 1 g4tb 0 A psalm of David This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. PSA 57 1 jt8t 0 A michtam The meaning of the word “michtam” is uncertain. You may use the word “psalm” instead. This can be written as: “This is a psalm that David wrote.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md). PSA 57 1 wv56 figs-metaphor 0 I take refuge in you Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “I go to you for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 57 1 yn99 figs-metaphor 0 I stay under your wings for protection The psalmist speaks of God as if he were a mother bird that protects its babies by huddling them under its wings. Alternate translation: “I trust you to protect me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -2044,7 +2044,7 @@ PSA 58 intro dhx6 0 # Psalm 058 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psal PSA 58 1 qfv5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: This psalm is a song about wicked people. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 58 1 d8qb 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship” PSA 58 1 zc3z 0 set to Al Tashheth This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. See how you translated this in [Psalms 57:1](../057/001.md). -PSA 58 1 x97c 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. +PSA 58 1 x97c 0 A psalm of David This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. PSA 58 1 xu51 figs-rquestion 0 Do you rulers speak righteousness? The author uses this question to rebuke the rulers because they do not speak righteously. Alternate translation: “You rulers do not say what is right!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PSA 58 1 f3j3 figs-rquestion 0 Do you judge uprightly, you people? The author uses this question to rebuke the judges who do not judge uprightly. Alternate translation: “You people never judge people uprightly!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PSA 58 2 n278 figs-you 0 you…your The words “you” and “your” refer to the mighty men who are judges ([Psalm 58:1](../058/001.md)) and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) @@ -2076,7 +2076,7 @@ PSA 59 intro zf27 0 # Psalm 059 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psal PSA 59 1 w4sd writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 59 1 p57e 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship” PSA 59 1 me33 0 set to Al Tashheth This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. See how you translated this in [Psalms 57:1](../057/001.md). -PSA 59 1 il5y 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. +PSA 59 1 il5y 0 A psalm of David This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. PSA 59 1 ks3t 0 A michtam The meaning of the word “michtam” is uncertain. You may use the word “psalm” instead. This can be written as: “This is a psalm that David wrote.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 16:1](../016/001.md). PSA 59 1 hk4w figs-metonymy 0 set me on high A high place represents a safe place where his enemies cannot reach him. Alternate translation: “put me in a safe place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 59 1 rjh7 figs-metonymy 0 rise up against me Rising up against someone represents attacking him. Alternate translation: “attack me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -2197,7 +2197,7 @@ PSA 62 12 n56f figs-metaphor 0 Also to you, Lord, belongs covenant faithfulness PSA 62 12 gl1p figs-metaphor 0 for you pay back every person for what he has done The writer speaks of God’s rewards as if he were paying a wage for work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 63 intro py5b 0 # Psalm 063 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 63 is a psalm of praise.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Praise<br>The author praises God for who he is and for having protected him. PSA 63 1 rct4 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -PSA 63 1 jrr4 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. +PSA 63 1 jrr4 0 A psalm of David This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. PSA 63 1 d7d1 0 earnestly sincerely PSA 63 1 c3we figs-parallelism 0 my soul thirsts for you, and my flesh longs for you These two clauses have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize how greatly the writer desires to be with God. Alternate translation: “my whole being greatly desires to be with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 63 1 x4mg 0 dry and weary land “hot, dry desert” @@ -2332,7 +2332,7 @@ PSA 67 7 m77g figs-metonymy 0 all the ends of the earth honor him This means th PSA 68 intro i82v 0 # Psalm 068 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 68 is a worship psalm.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s greatness<br>God is exceedingly great. He takes care of the weak and helpless. He is glorious in his temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>### No Common Theme<br>Scholars have found this psalm the most difficult to interpret. There does not appear to be any unity to this psalm. PSA 68 1 c4xg writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 68 1 mf9s 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship” -PSA 68 1 e798 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. +PSA 68 1 e798 0 A psalm of David This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. PSA 68 1 ebe6 figs-metaphor 0 Let God arise God beginning to act is spoke of as if he stands up. Alternate translation: “Let God begin to act” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 68 1 e3kc figs-activepassive 0 let his enemies be scattered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let God chase away his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 68 2 ea3v figs-metaphor 0 As smoke is driven away, so drive them away God’s enemies are spoken of as if they are smoke that is easily blown away by the wind. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Drive them away as the wind blows away smoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -2498,7 +2498,7 @@ PSA 69 36 s9pk figs-metonymy 0 who love his name Here “name” refers to God PSA 70 intro qdg2 0 # Psalm 070 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 70 is a psalm of deliverance. The psalmist asks God to deliver him from his enemies.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Help<br>The author needs help and needs it immediately.<br><br>### Psalm 40<br>This psalm is an almost exact duplicate of Psalm 40:13-17. PSA 70 1 eg6f writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 70 1 m2am 0 For the chief musician “This is for the director of music to use in worship” -PSA 70 1 f84m 0 A psalm of David Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. +PSA 70 1 f84m 0 A psalm of David This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. PSA 70 2 f38b 0 those who “the people who” PSA 70 2 t9us figs-idiom 0 take my life This idiom means “kill me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 70 2 l7y2 figs-activepassive 0 be ashamed and humiliated This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “may God put them to shame and bring disgrace upon them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -2518,14 +2518,14 @@ PSA 71 intro r8sf 0 # Psalm 071 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psal PSA 71 1 b9md writing-poetry 0 General Information: This psalm is a prayer for help. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 71 1 lb3w figs-metaphor 0 In you, Yahweh, I take refuge Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you, Yahweh, for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 71 1 ew7k figs-activepassive 0 let me never be put to shame This can be stated in active form. See how “do not let me be humiliated” is translated in [Psalms 25:2](../025/002.md). Alternate translation: “never let my enemies put me to shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -PSA 71 2 xl47 figs-idiom 0 make me safe in your righteousness Possible meanings are (1) “make me safe because you always do what is right” or (2) “make me safe as I do what you want me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +PSA 71 2 xl47 figs-idiom 0 make me safe in your righteousness This could mean: (1) “make me safe because you always do what is right” or (2) “make me safe as I do what you want me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 71 2 q2dk figs-metonymy 0 turn your ear to me Here “your ear” refers to God’s willingness to hear someone who prays to him. See how this is translated in [Psalms 17:6](../017/006.md). Alternate translation: “pay attention to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 71 2 qwt1 0 save me “keep me safe” PSA 71 3 a39u figs-metaphor 0 Be to me a rock for refuge The psalmist requests that Yahweh make him as safe as he would be if he were hiding in a large rock or cliff where his enemies could not find him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 71 3 w8pz 0 rock…rock These are hills or mountains, not rocks one can hold in one’s hand. PSA 71 3 usz4 0 you have given a command “you have commanded your angels” PSA 71 3 xd9e figs-metaphor 0 you are my rock and my fortress The psalmist believes that Yahweh will protect him and make him as safe as if he were hiding on top of a large mountain or inside a man-made fortress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 71 4 p4mg figs-metonymy 0 out of the hand of the wicked, out of the hand of the unrighteous Possible meanings are (1) the word “hand” is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “from the power of the wicked, from the power of the unrighteous” or (2) “hand” refers to the person himself. Alternate translation: “from wicked people, from unrighteous…people” or “so that wicked people and unrighteous…people cannot harm me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PSA 71 4 p4mg figs-metonymy 0 out of the hand of the wicked, out of the hand of the unrighteous This could mean: (1) the word “hand” is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “from the power of the wicked, from the power of the unrighteous” or (2) “hand” refers to the person himself. Alternate translation: “from wicked people, from unrighteous…people” or “so that wicked people and unrighteous…people cannot harm me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 71 4 pb9a figs-ellipsis 0 wicked, out of the hand of the unrighteous “wicked; rescue me out of the hand of the unrighteous.” You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) PSA 71 4 pdn5 figs-nominaladj 0 wicked…unrighteous…cruel These adjectives can be translated as noun phrases. Alternate translation: “wicked people…unrighteous people…cruel people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) PSA 71 5 tph7 figs-metonymy 0 you are my hope Here “hope” is a metonym for the one in whom the psalmist hopes. Alternate translation: “you are the one whom I confidently expect to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -2555,8 +2555,8 @@ PSA 71 15 ukx5 0 My mouth will tell about your righteousness and your salvatio PSA 71 15 r4ct figs-synecdoche 0 My mouth will tell The mouth is synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will tell” or “I will speak with my mouth and tell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 71 15 diu6 figs-abstractnouns 0 your righteousness This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “how righteous you are” or “all the good things you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 71 15 hjv1 figs-abstractnouns 0 your salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “how you have saved me” or “how you save people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -PSA 71 16 mem9 figs-go 0 I will come Possible meanings are (1) “I will go to where people worship Yahweh” or (2) “I will go to my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) -PSA 71 16 ntp3 0 with the mighty acts of the Lord Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) “I will tell them of the mighty deeds the Lord Yahweh has done” or (2) “because the Lord Yahweh has given me strength to do mighty acts.” +PSA 71 16 mem9 figs-go 0 I will come This could mean: (1) “I will go to where people worship Yahweh” or (2) “I will go to my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) +PSA 71 16 ntp3 0 with the mighty acts of the Lord Yahweh This could mean: (1) “I will tell them of the mighty deeds the Lord Yahweh has done” or (2) “because the Lord Yahweh has given me strength to do mighty acts.” PSA 71 16 xcy8 0 will make mention of “will talk about” PSA 71 17 af7a figs-explicit 0 taught me The implied information may be stated clearly. “taught me many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 71 18 u6gc 0 God, do not forsake me “God, please do not forsake me” @@ -2580,7 +2580,7 @@ PSA 71 24 h4mq figs-activepassive 0 for they have been put to shame and are con PSA 71 24 kz4y 0 those who sought my hurt This refers to the enemies of the writer. ([Psalms 71:10](../071/010.md)). See how “those who seek my hurt” is translated in [Psalms 71:13](./013.md). PSA 72 intro h1hi 0 # Psalm 072 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 72 is a psalm for the king when he begins to be the king. David wrote it as a blessing on his son, Solomon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Blessings for the king<br>May the king be honored throughout the world. May he help the poor. May there be prosperity while he is king.<br><br>### Close of Book Two<br>The whole collection of Psalms has been divided into several “books.” This is the last psalm of the second book. It is attributed to Solomon, the son of David. PSA 72 1 u47g writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. Possible meanings for the header “a psalm of Solomon” are (1) David wrote this psalm about Solomon (“the king’s son”) or (2) Solomon (who, as David’s son, was “the king’s son”) wrote this psalm as a prayer about himself or (3) another king wrote it about his son in the style of Solomon. People in those days would often speak of themselves as if they were someone else. However, it would be best to translate this as though the psalmist is speaking of someone else, not of himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -PSA 72 1 sep9 figs-123person 0 Give the king your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to the king’s son Possible meanings are (1) “Give me, the king, your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to my son” or (2) “Give me, the king, your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to me, the king’s son.” People in those days would often speak of themselves as if they were someone else. However, it would be best to translate this as though the psalmist is speaking of someone else, not of himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) +PSA 72 1 sep9 figs-123person 0 Give the king your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to the king’s son This could mean: (1) “Give me, the king, your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to my son” or (2) “Give me, the king, your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to me, the king’s son.” People in those days would often speak of themselves as if they were someone else. However, it would be best to translate this as though the psalmist is speaking of someone else, not of himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) PSA 72 1 vw1m 0 Give the king your righteous decrees “Enable the king to judge rightly” PSA 72 1 p2xg figs-ellipsis 0 your righteousness to the king’s son The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Here the word “righteousness” refers to making righteous decisions. Alternate translation: “give your righteousness to the king’s son” or “enable the king’s son to rule with righteousness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) PSA 72 2 d3dt 0 May he judge If David wrote this, he is talking about his son, “the king’s son,” he is speaking of the time when his son will be king. If Solomon wrote it, even though he is writing about himself, it would be best to translate as though he were writing about someone else. Either way, “May the king judge” is the best translation. @@ -2594,7 +2594,7 @@ PSA 72 6 fay4 figs-simile 0 May he come down like rain on the mown grass The ki PSA 72 6 bsl9 0 May he come “I desire that he come” PSA 72 6 v3st figs-ellipsis 0 like showers that water “May he come down like showers that water.” The king will be good, and he will do good things for his people as if he were rain doing good for the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) PSA 72 7 ch52 figs-nominaladj 0 the righteous The adjective “righteous” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -PSA 72 7 pqr9 0 in his days Possible meanings are (1) “while the king rules” or (2) “as long as the righteous person lives” or “as long as the righteous people live.” +PSA 72 7 pqr9 0 in his days This could mean: (1) “while the king rules” or (2) “as long as the righteous person lives” or “as long as the righteous people live.” PSA 72 7 r4e2 figs-metaphor 0 may there be an abundance of peace The psalmist speaks as if peace were a physical object like food. An “abundance” is when there is much of something. This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “abundance” and “peace.” Alternate translation: “may righteous people live peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 72 7 m2kd figs-idiom 0 till the moon is no more “as long as the moon shines” or “forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 72 8 mm24 0 May he have dominion “May the king have dominion” @@ -2655,10 +2655,10 @@ PSA 73 7 l8fr figs-metaphor 0 evil thoughts pass through their hearts Here the PSA 73 8 alc5 0 General Information: Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are “arrogant” and “wicked” ([Psalms 73:3](../073/003.md)). PSA 73 8 fmq4 figs-explicit 0 They mock Whom they mock can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “They mock God and his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 73 9 b91p figs-metonymy 0 They set their mouth against the heavens Here “their mouth” is a metonym for their speech, and “heavens” is a metonym for God, who lives in the heavens. Alternate translation: “They speak against God, who is in the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PSA 73 9 cln7 figs-synecdoche 0 their tongues march through the earth The word “tongues” represents the people themselves. Possible meanings are (1) “they go through the earth saying bad things about God” or (2) “they go everywhere and boast about themselves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +PSA 73 9 cln7 figs-synecdoche 0 their tongues march through the earth The word “tongues” represents the people themselves. This could mean: (1) “they go through the earth saying bad things about God” or (2) “they go everywhere and boast about themselves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 73 10 t3at 0 General Information: Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are “arrogant” and “wicked” ([Psalms 73:3](../073/003.md)). -PSA 73 10 ack4 0 his people turn to them Possible meanings are (1) “God’s people love the wicked people” or (2) “the wicked people return to this place” -PSA 73 10 k4em 0 abundant waters are drained out Possible meanings are (1) “God’s people listen gladly to the words of the wicked people” or (2) “the wicked people have plenty of food to eat and wine to drink” +PSA 73 10 ack4 0 his people turn to them This could mean: (1) “God’s people love the wicked people” or (2) “the wicked people return to this place” +PSA 73 10 k4em 0 abundant waters are drained out This could mean: (1) “God’s people listen gladly to the words of the wicked people” or (2) “the wicked people have plenty of food to eat and wine to drink” PSA 73 11 k4v1 0 They say the wicked people say PSA 73 11 iqv8 figs-rquestion 0 How does God know? Is there knowledge with the Most High? These rhetorical questions are to show contempt for God. These questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Surely God does not know what we are doing. The Most High has no knowledge of it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PSA 73 13 i3dh 0 General Information: In verses 13 and 14, Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are “arrogant” and “wicked” ([Psalms 73:3](../073/003.md)). In verse 15 he begins to talk about what he is really thinking. @@ -2682,7 +2682,7 @@ PSA 73 22 sb92 0 lacked insight “understood nothing” PSA 73 22 xw9q 0 you This “you” refers to God. PSA 73 23 v8cf 0 I am always with you The word “I” here represents Asaph. The word “you” here represents God. PSA 73 23 mif5 figs-synecdoche 0 you hold my right hand The person’s “right hand” refers to the whole person. This shows an intimate relationship with God that offers stability and security. Alternate translation: “You hold me close” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -PSA 73 24 yt7j 0 receive me to glory Possible meanings are (1) “put me where people will honor me” or (2) “honor me by taking me to where you are.” See how “receive me” is translated in [Psalms 49:15](../049/015.md). +PSA 73 24 yt7j 0 receive me to glory This could mean: (1) “put me where people will honor me” or (2) “honor me by taking me to where you are.” See how “receive me” is translated in [Psalms 49:15](../049/015.md). PSA 73 25 l5a5 figs-rquestion 0 Whom have I in heaven but you? You can translate this as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no one for me in heaven but you!” or “You are the only one I have in heaven!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PSA 73 25 p7l4 0 in heaven “among the gods” or “among the supernatural beings” PSA 73 26 u7tm figs-doublet 0 My flesh and my heart These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “My body and my mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) @@ -2706,7 +2706,7 @@ PSA 74 7 h8rv 0 They…they Here “they” refers to the adversaries mentione PSA 74 8 dt7g 0 They…They Here “they” refers to the adversaries mentioned in [Psalms 74:4](../074/004.md). PSA 74 8 aq36 figs-idiom 0 They said in their hearts This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “They said to themselves” or “They thought to themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 74 9 c4rh 0 General Information: Asaph is addressing God about the destruction he sees. -PSA 74 9 y2uq figs-metaphor 0 We do not see any more signs Possible meanings are (1) “We do not see any more miraculous signs from God” or (2) “All our sacred symbols are gone” or (3) the “signs” are the flags and symbols of an army representing the army itself. Alternate translation: “They have completely destroyed our army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PSA 74 9 y2uq figs-metaphor 0 We do not see any more signs This could mean: (1) “We do not see any more miraculous signs from God” or (2) “All our sacred symbols are gone” or (3) the “signs” are the flags and symbols of an army representing the army itself. Alternate translation: “They have completely destroyed our army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 74 10 d7ac figs-rquestion 0 How long, God, will the enemy throw insults at you? This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “God, the enemy has been throwing insults at you for too long!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PSA 74 10 qxe3 figs-rquestion 0 Will the enemy blaspheme your name forever? This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems as if you will never stop the enemy from blaspheming your name!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PSA 74 10 nv8x figs-metonymy 0 blaspheme your name The word “name” is a metonym for God himself. Alternate translation: “say that you are bad” or “insult you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -2715,7 +2715,7 @@ PSA 74 11 m38y figs-metonymy 0 hold back your hand Here the word “hand” is PSA 74 11 hk11 0 your right hand “your strongest hand” PSA 74 11 nc4l figs-metonymy 0 Take your right hand from your garment The psalmist speaks of God as if he had a physical body. “Stop hiding your power and take action” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 74 12 n2ul 0 General Information: This begins a new theme: Asaph is proclaiming God’s mighty deeds in the history of his people. -PSA 74 12 r8vz 0 God has been my king from ancient times Possible meanings are (1) Asaph is speaking as Israel’s representative, “God has been our king since we Israelites first became a nation” or (2) “God, my king, was alive even in ancient times.” +PSA 74 12 r8vz 0 God has been my king from ancient times This could mean: (1) Asaph is speaking as Israel’s representative, “God has been our king since we Israelites first became a nation” or (2) “God, my king, was alive even in ancient times.” PSA 74 12 tqm1 figs-abstractnouns 0 bringing salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with the verb “to save.” Here Yahweh saving people is spoken of as if salvation were an object that he brings with him. Alternate translation: “saving people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 74 13 gap9 figs-explicit 0 You divided…in the waters Asaph is probably speaking of the time God brought Israel out of Egypt, divided the Sea of Reeds, led Israel through it on dry land, then drowned Pharaoh’s army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 74 13 ag39 figs-personification 0 You divided the sea by your strength Asaph is speaking of God as if God had a physical body. “You are so strong you were able to make dry land in the middle of the sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) @@ -2752,7 +2752,7 @@ PSA 75 1 tu5l 0 A psalm of Asaph “This is a psalm that Asaph wrote.” See h PSA 75 3 a6n9 0 all the inhabitants “all the people who live on it” PSA 75 3 xv9l figs-metaphor 0 make steady the earth’s pillars “keep the earth from being destroyed” or Alternate translation: “keep my people safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 75 4 ix6p figs-nominaladj 0 I said to the arrogant…and to the wicked The words “the arrogant” and “the wicked” are nominal adjectives that can be translated with nouns. The verb for the second phrase may be supplied from the first. Alternate translation: “I said to the arrogant people…and I said to the wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -PSA 75 4 wl2r 0 I said Possible meanings are (1) God is speaking or (2) Asaph is speaking. +PSA 75 4 wl2r 0 I said This could mean: (1) God is speaking or (2) Asaph is speaking. PSA 75 4 yz7y figs-pronouns 0 Do not be arrogant…Do not lift The speaker is speaking to many wicked people, so these forms are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) PSA 75 4 wg7k figs-metaphor 0 Do not lift up the horn Asaph speaks of wicked people as if they were animals with horns on their heads, stretching their necks and holding their heads high to frighten other animals. Alternate translation: “Do not be confident” or “Do not boast about how strong you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 75 5 zai8 figs-pronouns 0 Do not lift up your…do not speak The speaker is speaking to many wicked people, so these forms are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) @@ -2790,7 +2790,7 @@ PSA 76 8 gys7 0 you made your judgment heard “you pronounced judgment” or PSA 76 8 ls8s figs-metonymy 0 the earth was Here “the earth” is a metonym for the people living on the earth. Alternate translation: “the people of the earth were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 76 9 rt43 0 execute judgment “carry out judgment” or “punish wicked people” PSA 76 10 ylu2 0 Surely your angry judgment “It is certain that your angry judgment” -PSA 76 10 wqa6 0 your angry judgment against humanity will bring you praise Possible meanings are (1) “people will praise you because you are angry at the wicked and judge them” or (2) “people who are angry with you will do things that cause people to praise you.” +PSA 76 10 wqa6 0 your angry judgment against humanity will bring you praise This could mean: (1) “people will praise you because you are angry at the wicked and judge them” or (2) “people who are angry with you will do things that cause people to praise you.” PSA 76 10 f4xe figs-metaphor 0 you gird yourself with what is left of your anger Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as something that he can tie around himself like a belt. Alternate translation: “you tie your remaining anger around you like a belt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 76 11 kw7a 0 him who is to be feared “Yahweh, whom they should fear” PSA 76 12 vwa6 figs-idiom 0 He cuts off the spirit of the princes The phrase “He cuts off the spirit” is an idiom that means He breaks the spirit or He humbles. Alternate translation: “He humbles the princes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -2815,7 +2815,7 @@ PSA 77 8 ydt2 0 General Information: Because Asaph was not sure of the answer PSA 77 8 d9gm figs-abstractnouns 0 Was his covenant faithfulness gone forever? Asaph speaks of Yahweh no longer acting faithfully to his covenant as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness had gone away. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Has he stopped being faithful to his covenant forever?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 77 9 q3fw figs-doublet 0 Had God forgotten to be gracious? Had his anger shut off his compassion? These are two expressions stating similar concept of God not showing compassion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) PSA 77 9 qup5 figs-personification 0 Had his anger shut off his compassion Asaph speaks of anger as if it were a person shutting a door to keep another person, compassion, from coming out, Alternate translation: “Had God stopped showing us compassion because he was angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -PSA 77 10 v28j 0 I said Possible meanings are (1) the psalmist was speaking to himself or (2) the psalmist was speaking to Yahweh. +PSA 77 10 v28j 0 I said This could mean: (1) the psalmist was speaking to himself or (2) the psalmist was speaking to Yahweh. PSA 77 10 m81u figs-metonymy 0 the changing of the right hand of the Most High toward us The “right hand” is a metonym for power, authority or strength. Alternate translation: “the Most High no longer uses his power to help us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 77 11 xb3t 0 General Information: The writer begins to speak to Yahweh. PSA 77 11 esp5 figs-idiom 0 call to mind “remember” See how this is translated in [Psalms 74:2](../074/002.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -2878,7 +2878,7 @@ PSA 78 21 wp71 0 Jacob This refers to the nation of Israel PSA 78 21 k1pp figs-personification 0 his anger attacked Israel The writer speaks of Yahweh punishing Israel when he was angry as if his anger were a person who attacked Israel. Alternate translation: “because he was angry, he attacked Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 78 22 ze3v 0 did not trust in his salvation “did not trust him to save them” PSA 78 23 er7j figs-personification 0 he commanded the skies Asaph speaks of the skies as if they were a person who could hear and obey God’s commands. Alternate translation: “he spoke to the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -PSA 78 23 bs7u 0 skies Possible meanings are (1) “sky” or (2) “clouds.” +PSA 78 23 bs7u 0 skies This could mean: (1) “sky” or (2) “clouds.” PSA 78 23 wx6j figs-metaphor 0 opened the doors of the sky Asaph speaks of the sky as if it were a storeroom with doors. Alternate translation: “opened the sky as if it were a storeroom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 78 24 mrr5 0 He rained down manna for them to eat, and gave them the grain from heaven These two lines speak of the same event. PSA 78 24 u9dw 0 He rained down manna “He caused manna to fall from the sky like rain” @@ -2944,8 +2944,8 @@ PSA 78 52 bep8 figs-simile 0 like sheep…like a flock The writer speaks about PSA 78 53 fxw6 0 overwhelmed completely covered PSA 78 54 w66a 0 General Information: The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. PSA 78 54 bzp1 figs-metonymy 0 his right hand acquired The words “right hand” are a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “he won for himself using his own power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PSA 78 55 er9f 0 assigned them their inheritance Possible meanings are (1) God assigned the Israelites their inheritance in the land in which the other nations had once lived or (2) God assigned to the nations he had driven out an inheritance somewhere else. “gave them land that would always be theirs” -PSA 78 55 ph3l figs-idiom 0 in their tents Possible meanings are (1) he settled Israel in their own tents in the land or (2) he settled Israel in the tents from which he had driven the other nations. Most of these “tents” were actually houses, both when the other nations lived in them and when the Israelites lived in them. Alternate translation: “in their homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +PSA 78 55 er9f 0 assigned them their inheritance This could mean: (1) God assigned the Israelites their inheritance in the land in which the other nations had once lived or (2) God assigned to the nations he had driven out an inheritance somewhere else. “gave them land that would always be theirs” +PSA 78 55 ph3l figs-idiom 0 in their tents This could mean: (1) he settled Israel in their own tents in the land or (2) he settled Israel in the tents from which he had driven the other nations. Most of these “tents” were actually houses, both when the other nations lived in them and when the Israelites lived in them. Alternate translation: “in their homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 78 56 ft4l 0 General Information: The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. PSA 78 56 be26 figs-doublet 0 challenged and defied These words mean almost the same thing. The writer uses them both to emphasize that the Israelites did not believe that God would either provide for them or punish evil as he had said he would. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) PSA 78 56 n34f 0 challenged They wanted God to prove that he could do what he said he would do before they would believe him. See how you translated this idea in [Psalms 78:18](../078/018.md). @@ -2958,14 +2958,14 @@ PSA 78 61 l5jm figs-metonymy 0 He allowed his strength to be captured and gave PSA 78 62 af4s 0 General Information: The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. PSA 78 62 j359 figs-metaphor 0 He handed his people over to the sword Asaph speaks of God’s people as if they were a small object God would give as a gift, and of the sword, a metonym for death in war, as if it were a person who could receive a gift. Alternate translation: “He allowed people to kill all his people in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 78 62 tj9q 0 he was angry with his heritage “he was angry with the people he had said would be his forever” -PSA 78 63 zrz5 figs-metaphor 0 Fire devoured their young men Possible meanings are (1) “The enemy used fire to kill all their young men” or (2) “Their young men died quickly in battle like a fire burns dry grass.” Do not communicate that these people used guns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 78 63 zrz5 figs-metaphor 0 Fire devoured their young men This could mean: (1) “The enemy used fire to kill all their young men” or (2) “Their young men died quickly in battle like a fire burns dry grass.” Do not communicate that these people used guns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 78 63 fil5 0 devoured To “devour” is to eat everything very quickly. PSA 78 63 l8nc 0 wedding the celebration when people marry PSA 78 64 t7aj figs-metonymy 0 Their priests fell by the sword Here the word “sword” represents soldiers who fought with swords. The phrase “fell by the sword” is an idiom that means to die in battle. Alternate translation: “Their priests died in battle” or “Enemies killed their priests with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -PSA 78 64 zgw6 0 their widows could not weep Possible meanings are (1) someone forced the widows not to weep or (2) so many priests died that there was no time for proper funerals. +PSA 78 64 zgw6 0 their widows could not weep This could mean: (1) someone forced the widows not to weep or (2) so many priests died that there was no time for proper funerals. PSA 78 64 cve4 0 widows women whose husbands have died PSA 78 65 p4ds figs-metaphor 0 the Lord awakened as one from sleep The Lord not acting for a period of time is spoken of as if he were asleep, and his beginning to act is spoken of as if he awakened. Alternate translation: “the Lord began to act as if he had awakened from sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 78 65 ny1d 0 like a warrior who shouts because of wine Possible meanings are (1) like a warrior who had drunk too much wine and has become angry because he was awakened and so wants to fight or (2) like a warrior who drank much wine but is now able to think and fight well because he has slept. +PSA 78 65 ny1d 0 like a warrior who shouts because of wine This could mean: (1) like a warrior who had drunk too much wine and has become angry because he was awakened and so wants to fight or (2) like a warrior who drank much wine but is now able to think and fight well because he has slept. PSA 78 67 wl1g 0 General Information: The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. PSA 78 67 rr45 figs-metonymy 0 the tent of Joseph Here the word “tent” is a metonym for a family. In this phrase it refers to the descendants of Joseph. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 78 67 fzh7 0 Joseph…Ephraim Ephraim was Joseph’s son. @@ -3034,7 +3034,7 @@ PSA 80 9 z9lb 0 it took root “the vine took root” or “the vine began to PSA 80 9 g1jw 0 filled the land “its branches covered the land” PSA 80 10 fi6a figs-activepassive 0 The mountains were covered with its shade, the cedars of God by its branches This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Its shade covered the mountains, its branches the cedars of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 80 10 bmv4 figs-ellipsis 0 the cedars of God by its branches “and the cedars of God were covered by its branches,” which copies the verb from the previous sentence. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and its branches covered the cedars of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -PSA 80 10 rx8y 0 cedars of God Possible meanings are (1) “the highest cedar trees,” the cedar trees that grew on the “mountains” in the land of Lebanon north of Israel, or (2) “God’s own cedar trees.” +PSA 80 10 rx8y 0 cedars of God This could mean: (1) “the highest cedar trees,” the cedar trees that grew on the “mountains” in the land of Lebanon north of Israel, or (2) “God’s own cedar trees.” PSA 80 11 x87h 0 the sea the Mediterranean Sea to the west of Israel PSA 80 11 rmb1 0 shoots the parts of new plants that are just starting to grow above the ground PSA 80 12 un6e 0 General Information: Asaph continues speaking of Israel in their land as if Israel were a grapevine in a vineyard. @@ -3049,7 +3049,7 @@ PSA 80 14 z9yp 0 take notice “look at” PSA 80 14 n1vp figs-metaphor 0 this vine The writer continues comparing the nation of Israel to the vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 80 15 am7w figs-metonymy 0 This is the root that your right hand planted The right hand represents the Yahweh’s power and control. Alternate translation: “This is the root that you, Yahweh, planted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 80 15 zd8b 0 shoot the part of a new plant that is just starting to grow above the ground. See how you translated this in [Psalms 80:11](../080/011.md). -PSA 80 16 k41m 0 down; they perish because of your rebuke Possible meanings are (1) “down; your people perish because of your rebuke.” or (2) “down. May your enemies perish because of your rebuke!” +PSA 80 16 k41m 0 down; they perish because of your rebuke This could mean: (1) “down; your people perish because of your rebuke.” or (2) “down. May your enemies perish because of your rebuke!” PSA 80 17 rs8s figs-metonymy 0 your hand This refers to Yahweh’s power and control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 80 17 t6vz figs-synecdoche 0 the man of your right hand the nation of Israel, which Yahweh has chosen as his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 80 17 pxv7 figs-idiom 0 right hand When a man in Israel wanted to honor another man, he would have that other man stand at his right side, close to his right hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -3101,13 +3101,13 @@ PSA 82 intro a4le 0 # Psalm 082 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psal PSA 82 1 why9 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 82 1 c9rs 0 the divine assembly “the heavenly council” or “the meeting in heaven” PSA 82 1 xb2b figs-abstractnouns 0 he renders judgment “he gives judgment.” The abstract noun “judgment” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -PSA 82 1 x4p7 0 the gods Possible meanings are (1) these are other spiritual beings who dwell in heaven. Alternate translation: “the divine beings” or “the heavenly judges” or (2) these are human judges that God has appointed. Either way, it does not mean they are gods like Yahweh is god. It means God has given them great power and authority. Alternate translation: “the rulers” +PSA 82 1 x4p7 0 the gods This could mean: (1) these are other spiritual beings who dwell in heaven. Alternate translation: “the divine beings” or “the heavenly judges” or (2) these are human judges that God has appointed. Either way, it does not mean they are gods like Yahweh is god. It means God has given them great power and authority. Alternate translation: “the rulers” PSA 82 2 h4lp figs-rquestion 0 How long will you judge unjustly and show favoritism to the wicked? Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the gods for not judging people fairly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PSA 82 3 k9hy figs-nominaladj 0 poor…fatherless…afflicted…destitute These words are nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “those who are poor…those who are fatherless…those who are afflicted…those who are destitute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) PSA 82 3 a8r9 0 maintain the rights of the “do what is right for the” PSA 82 4 f1ay figs-nominaladj 0 poor…needy…wicked These are all nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “those who are poor…those who are needy…those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) PSA 82 4 x9up figs-metonymy 0 take them out of the hand of the wicked Here the word “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “stop the wicked people from harming them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PSA 82 5 c2bz 0 They neither Possible meanings are (1) “they” refers to the gods or (2) “they” refers to the wicked people. +PSA 82 5 c2bz 0 They neither This could mean: (1) “they” refers to the gods or (2) “they” refers to the wicked people. PSA 82 5 ar42 figs-metaphor 0 they wander around in the darkness Doing what is evil is spoken of as if they were walking in a very dark place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 82 5 r4ui figs-metaphor 0 all the foundations of the earth crumble The gods corrupting the moral order that Yahweh established is spoken of as if the gods were shaking the earth and making it fall apart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 82 5 l1x8 0 crumble fall apart @@ -3152,7 +3152,7 @@ PSA 83 14 j9u1 figs-simile 0 like the fire that burns the forest, and like the PSA 83 15 ax1z figs-simile 0 Chase them with your strong wind, and terrify them with your windstorm Both statements ask God to destroy the enemies with storms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 83 16 c54c figs-synecdoche 0 Fill their faces with shame Here “faces” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “Make them very ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 83 16 q834 figs-metonymy 0 they might seek your name Here “name” represents God’s power. God’s enemies acknowledging that God is powerful is spoken of as if they are seeking to find Yahweh. Alternate translation: “they might acknowledge that you are powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 83 16 rq63 0 seek your name Possible meanings are (1) God’s enemies admit that God is powerful or (2) God’s enemies are asking God for help or (3) God’s enemies start to worship and obey him. +PSA 83 16 rq63 0 seek your name This could mean: (1) God’s enemies admit that God is powerful or (2) God’s enemies are asking God for help or (3) God’s enemies start to worship and obey him. PSA 83 17 q6j1 figs-activepassive 0 May they be put to shame and be terrified forever This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make them ashamed and terrified forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 83 17 l9px 0 may they perish in disgrace “may they die while they are ashamed” PSA 83 18 y45v 0 Then they will know This can also be stated as the writer making a request to God. Alternate translation: “Cause them to know” @@ -3171,7 +3171,7 @@ PSA 84 3 c9d8 translate-unknown 0 sparrow…swallow These are types of birds. ( PSA 84 3 y2c8 0 found her a house “found her a home” or “made her a home” PSA 84 3 pqi7 figs-ellipsis 0 the swallow a nest Here the words “has found” or “has made” are understood. Alternate translation: “the swallow has found a nest” or “the swallow has made a nest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) PSA 84 3 xwe2 0 where she may lay her young “where she may lay her eggs and care for her babies” -PSA 84 4 c9r1 0 they who live in your house Possible meanings are (1) “they” refers to the priests who permanently serve at the temple or (2) “they” refers to people in general who come and worship at the temple. +PSA 84 4 c9r1 0 they who live in your house This could mean: (1) “they” refers to the priests who permanently serve at the temple or (2) “they” refers to people in general who come and worship at the temple. PSA 84 4 rs8w 0 praise you continually “keep praising you again and again” PSA 84 5 nkn2 figs-genericnoun 0 Blessed is the man Here “man” refers to people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) PSA 84 5 pd3t figs-metaphor 0 whose strength is in you God is spoken of as if strength was actually found in him. Alternate translation: “whom you strengthen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -3212,9 +3212,9 @@ PSA 85 8 f1q2 0 make peace with his people “have a peaceful relationship wit PSA 85 8 mt5f figs-metaphor 0 Yet they must not turn again to foolish ways A person changing the way he behaves is spoken of as if he were physically turning to a different direction. Alternate translation: “Yet they must not start doing foolish things again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 85 9 q85w figs-metaphor 0 Surely his salvation is near to those God being ready to save someone is spoken of as if salvation were an object that God has placed near someone. Alternate translation: “Surely God is ready to save those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 85 9 w9na figs-metonymy 0 then glory will remain in our land Here “glory” represents God’s presence. Alternate translation: “then his glorious presence will remain in our land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PSA 85 10 r9mp figs-abstractnouns 0 Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness have met together The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” are spoken of as if they were persons who meet together. Possible meanings are (1) God has been faithful because of his covenant and has done what he promised to do. Alternate translation: “God has been faithful to his covenant and has proven that he is worthy of people trusting him” or (2) God has been faithful because of his covenant and the people have responded by being faithful to him. Alternate translation: “God has been faithful to his covenant and people have responded by trusting him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +PSA 85 10 r9mp figs-abstractnouns 0 Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness have met together The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” are spoken of as if they were persons who meet together. This could mean: (1) God has been faithful because of his covenant and has done what he promised to do. Alternate translation: “God has been faithful to his covenant and has proven that he is worthy of people trusting him” or (2) God has been faithful because of his covenant and the people have responded by being faithful to him. Alternate translation: “God has been faithful to his covenant and people have responded by trusting him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 85 10 vxd4 0 have met together…have kissed each other Most likely the speaker is describing a time in the future when God causes the people to prosper again. Alternate translation: “will meet together…will kiss each other” -PSA 85 10 ilq2 figs-abstractnouns 0 righteousness and peace have kissed each other Possible meanings are (1) the people will do what is right and God will cause the people to live in peace or (2) God will do what is right and will cause the people to live in peace. Either way righteousness and peace are abstract nouns and are spoken of as if they were persons who kiss each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +PSA 85 10 ilq2 figs-abstractnouns 0 righteousness and peace have kissed each other This could mean: (1) the people will do what is right and God will cause the people to live in peace or (2) God will do what is right and will cause the people to live in peace. Either way righteousness and peace are abstract nouns and are spoken of as if they were persons who kiss each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 85 10 pbn4 0 kissed each other This was a common way for friends to greet each other. PSA 85 11 y3gv figs-metaphor 0 Trustworthiness springs up from the ground The people on earth being faithful to God is spoken of as if trustworthiness were a plant growing out of the ground. The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be stated as “loyal.” Alternate translation: “Here on earth, we will be loyal to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 85 11 uw31 figs-abstractnouns 0 righteousness looks down from the sky The word “righteousness” is an abstract noun, and it is spoken of as a person looking down as God does. Alternate translation: “God will look on us from heaven and will act justly towards us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) @@ -3313,7 +3313,7 @@ PSA 89 1 dqe7 translate-names 0 Ethan This is the name of the writer. (See: [[r PSA 89 1 sv5i figs-abstractnouns 0 acts of covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “faithful acts” or “loving acts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 89 2 pbm7 figs-metaphor 0 Covenant faithfulness has been established forever God always doing what he promised to do is spoken of as if his faithfulness were a building that God has built and made firm. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will always be faithful because of your covenant with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 89 2 hn1i figs-metaphor 0 your truthfulness you have established in the heavens God always doing what he promised to do is spoken of as if his faithfulness were a building that God has built and made firm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 89 2 l9ik 0 in the heavens Possible meanings are (1) this refers to God’s dwelling place. This would mean God rules from heaven and he always does what he promises or (2) this refers to the sky. This would mean that God’s promises are as constant and permanent as the sky . +PSA 89 2 l9ik 0 in the heavens This could mean: (1) this refers to God’s dwelling place. This would mean God rules from heaven and he always does what he promises or (2) this refers to the sky. This would mean that God’s promises are as constant and permanent as the sky . PSA 89 3 d13j figs-explicit 0 I have made a covenant with my chosen one You can make explicit that “chosen one” refers to David. Alternate translation: “I made a promise to David, the one I chose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 89 3 y54c 0 I have made Yahweh is speaking in 89:3-4. PSA 89 4 yr1g figs-metaphor 0 I will establish your descendants forever Yahweh always causing one of David’s descendants to be king is spoken of as if David’s descendants are a building that Yahweh will build and make firm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -3398,7 +3398,7 @@ PSA 89 46 y4fv figs-simile 0 your anger burn like fire God being very angry is PSA 89 47 ajl2 figs-abstractnouns 0 for what uselessness you have created all the children of mankind The abstract noun “uselessness” can be stated as “uselessly.” Alternate translation: “that you have created all people to die uselessly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 89 47 fe7m figs-gendernotations 0 the children of mankind This refers to humans in general. Alternate translation: “humans” or “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) PSA 89 48 er51 figs-rquestion 0 Who can live and not die, or rescue his own life from the hand of Sheol? The writer uses these questions to emphasize that all people will die. Alternate translation: “No one can live forever or bring himself back to life after dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -PSA 89 48 gg9s figs-metonymy 0 rescue his own life from the hand of Sheol Here “hand” refers to power. The writer speaks of Sheol as if it were a person who has power over those who die. Possible meanings are (1) a person cannot bring himself back to life after dying or (2) a person cannot keep himself from dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +PSA 89 48 gg9s figs-metonymy 0 rescue his own life from the hand of Sheol Here “hand” refers to power. The writer speaks of Sheol as if it were a person who has power over those who die. This could mean: (1) a person cannot bring himself back to life after dying or (2) a person cannot keep himself from dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 89 49 hvz7 figs-rquestion 0 Lord, where are your former acts of covenant faithfulness that you swore to David in your truthfulness? The writer uses a question to request the Lord to be faithful to his covenant with David. Alternate translation: “Lord, be faithful to your covenant with David as you have been in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PSA 89 49 b6dc figs-abstractnouns 0 your former acts of covenant faithfulness The abstract nouns “acts” and “faithfulness” can be translated with a verb and an adverb. Alternate translation: “the things that you did before that showed that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 89 50 v1jl figs-idiom 0 Call to mind The writer asks Yahweh to bring this up in his memory. Alternate translation: “Remember” or “Consider” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -3463,7 +3463,7 @@ PSA 91 3 ss8i figs-ellipsis 0 For he will rescue you from the snare of the hunt PSA 91 3 laj3 0 the snare of the hunter “from the snare that the hunter has set to catch you” PSA 91 4 k4cn figs-metaphor 0 He will cover you with his wings, and under his wings you will find refuge God’s protection is here referred to as “wings” which a bird uses to cover its’ young from danger. “Cover you with his wings” and “under his wings” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “He will keep you safe and protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 91 4 j3p2 figs-metaphor 0 His trustworthiness is a shield and protection God’s trustworthiness is here referred to as a “shield” which can protect people who rely on him. The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be stated as “trust.” Alternate translation: “You can trust him to protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -PSA 91 4 f8d9 0 protection No one knows for sure what this word means. Possible meanings are (1) a small shield strapped to the forearm that soldiers used to defend themselves against arrows and swords or (2) a wall of stones set in a circle inside which soldiers could hide and shoot arrows. +PSA 91 4 f8d9 0 protection No one knows for sure what this word means. This could mean: (1) a small shield strapped to the forearm that soldiers used to defend themselves against arrows and swords or (2) a wall of stones set in a circle inside which soldiers could hide and shoot arrows. PSA 91 5 yp8k figs-metonymy 0 terror in the night The psalmist speaks of “terror” as if it were a spirit or fierce animal that could attack at night and so terrify people. Alternate translation: “things attacking you at night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 91 5 g6en figs-merism 0 in the night…by day These two phrases taken together refer to all possible times of night and day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) PSA 91 5 b8kc figs-metonymy 0 the arrow that flies by day “Arrow” here is a metonym for the people who shoot the arrows. Alternate translation: “people attacking you with arrows during the day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -3521,7 +3521,7 @@ PSA 92 13 g7gv figs-metaphor 0 they flourish The psalmist speaks of righteous p PSA 92 13 rg5j 0 in the courts of our God in the courtyard of the temple in Jerusalem. PSA 92 14 pf43 figs-metaphor 0 They bear fruit The psalmist speaks of righteous people as if they were trees that produce food. Alternate translation: “They please God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 92 14 m2x1 figs-metaphor 0 they stay fresh and green The psalmist speaks of righteous people as if they were trees. Alternate translation: “they remain strong and healthy” or “they always do what pleases God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 92 15 sev8 0 to proclaim that These words continue the thought begun by the words “they stay fresh and green” in ([Psalms 92:14](../092/014.md)). Possible meanings are (1) “they stay fresh and green, so that they can proclaim” or (2) “they stay fresh and green. This shows that.” +PSA 92 15 sev8 0 to proclaim that These words continue the thought begun by the words “they stay fresh and green” in ([Psalms 92:14](../092/014.md)). This could mean: (1) “they stay fresh and green, so that they can proclaim” or (2) “they stay fresh and green. This shows that.” PSA 92 15 fh1p figs-metaphor 0 He is my rock “Yahweh is the one who protects me.” The psalmist speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock that would protect him. See how this is translated in [Psalms 18:2](../018/002.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 93 intro r2fh 0 # Psalm 093 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 93 is a worship psalm about the power of Yahweh.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s power<br>Yahweh is all powerful; He even controls the ocean. PSA 93 1 gs1h writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -3564,7 +3564,7 @@ PSA 94 8 ybz4 figs-rquestion 0 when will you ever learn? This rhetorical questi PSA 94 9 b851 figs-rquestion 0 He who made the ear, does he not hear? He who formed the eye, does he not see? These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements or commands. Alternate translation: “God made ears, so he can hear. God made eyes, so he can see.” or “God made ears, so stop acting as if he does not hear. God made eyes, so stop acting as if he does not see.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PSA 94 10 p12i 0 General Information: The writer continues instructing the wicked people. PSA 94 10 ig2v figs-rquestion 0 He who disciplines the nations, does he not correct? This question can be translated as a statement. It is implied that Yahweh corrects his people. Alternate translation: “You know that Yahweh corrects the nations, so you can be sure that he will correct his people!” or “he will punish his people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -PSA 94 10 ex2w figs-litotes 0 does he not correct This can be stated in positive form. Possible meanings are (1) God corrects. Alternate translation: “he corrects” or (2) God punishes. “he punishes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +PSA 94 10 ex2w figs-litotes 0 does he not correct This can be stated in positive form. This could mean: (1) God corrects. Alternate translation: “he corrects” or (2) God punishes. “he punishes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) PSA 94 11 s3c6 figs-metaphor 0 that they are vapor Here the thoughts of men are compared to vapor or steam that disappears into the air. This metaphor shows how unimportant and useless they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 94 11 z81z 0 vapor “mist.” See how this word is translated in [Psalms 39:11](../039/011.md) PSA 94 12 dl5m 0 General Information: Now the writer again talks to Yahweh. @@ -3586,9 +3586,9 @@ PSA 94 21 z1ls 0 conspire secretly plan with a person something harmful or ill PSA 94 21 rnk5 figs-idiom 0 take the life of This is an idiom which means to kill someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 94 22 k9hg figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh has been my high tower Here “tower” is a metaphor for protection. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has protected me from my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 94 22 r48i figs-metaphor 0 God has been the rock of my refuge The psalmist speaks of having God protect him as if God were a place where the psalmist could go to be safe. See how “rock” and “refuge” are translated in [Psalms 62:7](../062/007.md). Alternate translation: “I have asked God to protect me, and he has kept me safe by his power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 94 23 fx4p 0 will bring on them their own iniquity Possible meanings are (1) “will do to them the evil things they have done to others” or (2) “will punish them for all the evil things he has done to others.” +PSA 94 23 fx4p 0 will bring on them their own iniquity This could mean: (1) “will do to them the evil things they have done to others” or (2) “will punish them for all the evil things he has done to others.” PSA 94 23 qc5b figs-idiom 0 cut them off This is an idiom which means “kill them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -PSA 94 23 i6z5 0 in their own wickedness Possible meanings are (1) “while they are doing wicked things” or (2) “because they have done wicked things.” +PSA 94 23 i6z5 0 in their own wickedness This could mean: (1) “while they are doing wicked things” or (2) “because they have done wicked things.” PSA 95 intro e91f 0 # Psalm 095 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 95 is the first in a series of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s care<br>God made everything and takes good care of people. People should not be stubborn like the Israelites were in the days of Moses. The Israelites with Moses wandered in the desert for forty years. PSA 95 1 qaf5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 95 1 gv24 figs-metaphor 0 the rock of our salvation The psalmist speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were a mountain the people could climb so they would be safe. See how “rock” and “of my salvation” are translated in [Psalms 18:46](../018/046.md). Alternate translation: “the rock where we can go and God will save us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -3638,7 +3638,7 @@ PSA 96 9 pb7y 0 tremble to shake because of fear PSA 96 9 ud6d figs-metonymy 0 all the earth Here “earth” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 96 10 hsr2 figs-activepassive 0 The world also is established This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “He also established the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 96 10 yhs7 figs-activepassive 0 it cannot be shaken This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “nothing can shake it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -PSA 96 11 p26n figs-personification 0 Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice Possible meanings are (1) the heavens and the earth are spoken of as if they have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Let it be as if the heavens are glad and the earth rejoices” or (2) “the heavens” and “the earth” are metonyms for those who dwell in those places. Alternate translation: “Let those who live in the heavens be glad and let those who live on the earth rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PSA 96 11 p26n figs-personification 0 Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice This could mean: (1) the heavens and the earth are spoken of as if they have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Let it be as if the heavens are glad and the earth rejoices” or (2) “the heavens” and “the earth” are metonyms for those who dwell in those places. Alternate translation: “Let those who live in the heavens be glad and let those who live on the earth rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 96 11 v2y3 figs-explicit 0 that which fills it shout with joy The implied information is that this refers to all the creatures living in the sea. They are spoken of as if they should shout with joy like people might do. Alternate translation: “the sea creatures shout joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 96 12 ms99 figs-personification 0 Let the fields rejoice and all that is in them “Let the fields and all that is in them rejoice.” The psalmist speaks as if “the fields” and the animals that live in them have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Let it be as if the fields themselves and all the animals that live in them are rejoicing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 96 12 j65h figs-personification 0 let all the trees in the forest shout for joy This speaks about the trees as if they were people who could shout for joy. Alternate translation: “let it be as if all the trees in the forest shout for joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) @@ -3646,11 +3646,11 @@ PSA 96 13 gp2k figs-parallelism 0 He is coming to judge the earth. He will judg PSA 96 13 jp59 0 to judge…will judge Another possible meaning is “to rule…will rule.” PSA 96 13 yk8h figs-metonymy 0 He will judge the world with righteousness Here “the world” is a metonym for all the people in the world. See how these words are translated in [Psalms 9:8](../009/008.md). Alternate translation: “He will judge all the people of the world righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 96 13 yn8l figs-ellipsis 0 the peoples with his faithfulness The words “he will judge” are understood. Alternate translation: “he will judge the peoples with his faithfulness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -PSA 96 13 z7r2 figs-abstractnouns 0 with his faithfulness The can be restated to remove the abstract noun “faithfulness.” Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “fairly, according to what he knows is true” or (2) Alternate translation: “using the same standard for all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +PSA 96 13 z7r2 figs-abstractnouns 0 with his faithfulness The can be restated to remove the abstract noun “faithfulness.” This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “fairly, according to what he knows is true” or (2) Alternate translation: “using the same standard for all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 97 intro ydx4 0 # Psalm 097 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 97 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100)<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s authority<br>All people who worship idols are disgraced because Yahweh rules over all the world. PSA 97 1 myd1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 97 1 aa9a figs-personification 0 let the earth rejoice; let the many coastlands be glad The earth and the coastlands are said to have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Rejoice and be glad every person on the earth and near the seas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -PSA 97 1 n5lw 0 coastlands Possible meanings are (1) “lands near the seas” or (2) “islands.” +PSA 97 1 n5lw 0 coastlands This could mean: (1) “lands near the seas” or (2) “islands.” PSA 97 2 rl3n 0 Clouds and darkness surround him “We cannot see him; it is as if he were sitting in the dark with clouds all around him” PSA 97 2 h2md figs-metonymy 0 Righteousness and justice are the foundation of his throne The word “throne” is a metonym for the deeds and words of the one who sits on it. The psalmist speaks as if righteousness and justice were physical objects that made the throne secure. Alternate translation: “He is righteous and just in everything he does” or “He is able to rule because he rules righteously and justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 97 2 tat1 figs-metonymy 0 the foundation of his throne Here “the foundation of his throne” refers to how Yahweh rules his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -3659,7 +3659,7 @@ PSA 97 3 nz83 0 consumes his adversaries “burns up his enemies” PSA 97 4 th94 figs-personification 0 the earth sees and trembles The writer speaks of the earth as if it were a person who sees what Yahweh does and trembles in fear. Alternate translation: “like a person, the earth sees and trembles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 97 4 c2ef 0 trembles shakes with fear PSA 97 5 r8fc figs-simile 0 The mountains melt like wax before Yahweh The writer speaks of the mountains crumbling before Yahweh as if they were wax that was exposed to a fire. Alternate translation: “The mountains are unable to stand as Yahweh comes near” or “The mountains crumble in Yahweh’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -PSA 97 6 t73s figs-personification 0 The skies declare his justice Possible meanings are (1) the psalmist speaks as if the skies are Yahweh’s messengers who declare that Yahweh is just. Alternate translation: “Everyone can see that God is just, the same way that everyone can see the skies” or (2) the skies refer to the beings that live in the heavens. Alternate translation: “All those who live in heaven declare that Yahweh is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PSA 97 6 t73s figs-personification 0 The skies declare his justice This could mean: (1) the psalmist speaks as if the skies are Yahweh’s messengers who declare that Yahweh is just. Alternate translation: “Everyone can see that God is just, the same way that everyone can see the skies” or (2) the skies refer to the beings that live in the heavens. Alternate translation: “All those who live in heaven declare that Yahweh is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 97 8 t6tg figs-metonymy 0 Zion heard…the towns of Judah This refers to the people who live in these lands. Alternate translation: “The people of Zion heard…the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 97 9 fh9w figs-metaphor 0 are most high above all The psalmist speaks as if those who were strong enough to rule were the physically higher than others. Alternate translation: “rule over all the people who live on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 97 9 etq9 figs-metaphor 0 You are exalted far The psalmist speaks as if those who were strong enough to rule were the physically higher than others. Alternate translation: “You are high, far” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -3671,7 +3671,7 @@ PSA 97 11 a81f figs-ellipsis 0 gladness for those with honest hearts The words PSA 97 11 tqu7 figs-synecdoche 0 those with honest hearts The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “honest people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 97 12 bkn2 0 General Information: This verse has a command followed by the reason for the command. If your language requires the reason to precede the command: “Because of what Yahweh has done for you, you righteous people, be glad and give thanks when you remember his holiness.” PSA 97 12 h6wc figs-idiom 0 Be glad in Yahweh This idiom means to be glad because of what Yahweh has done. Alternate translation: “Be glad because of what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -PSA 97 12 df6i figs-metonymy 0 when you remember his holiness Possible meanings are (1) “when you remember how holy he is” or (2) “to his holy name,” a metonym for “to him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PSA 97 12 df6i figs-metonymy 0 when you remember his holiness This could mean: (1) “when you remember how holy he is” or (2) “to his holy name,” a metonym for “to him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 98 intro rt9w 0 # Psalm 098 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 98 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Praise<br>Everyone and every thing should sing praises to Yahweh because he is worthy of all praise. PSA 98 1 p45q writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 98 1 p2zl 0 a new song a song no one has ever sung before. See how this is translated in [Psalms 96:1](../096/001.md). @@ -3834,8 +3834,8 @@ PSA 104 2 dy5x figs-simile 0 you spread out the heavens like a tent curtain Her PSA 104 3 mw5b 0 You lay the beams of your chambers on the clouds “You build your upper rooms in the heavens.” This is referring to his house is so tall that the upper floor extends into the clouds. PSA 104 3 wvf4 figs-metaphor 0 you make the clouds your chariot Here the clouds are described as carrying Yahweh as if they were a chariot. Alternate translation: “you make the clouds carry you like a chariot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 104 3 cb6d figs-metaphor 0 you walk on the wings of the wind Here the blowing of the wind is described as wings on which Yahweh walks. Alternate translation: “you walk upon the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 104 4 h3wj figs-personification 0 He makes the winds his messengers Possible meanings are (1) he causes the wind to be able to carry a message like a messenger, “He makes the winds to be like his messengers” or (2) “He makes his messengers swift like the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 104 4 hx2d figs-personification 0 flames of fire his servants Possible meanings are (1) “he causes flames of fire to be like his servants.” He causes fire to serve him like a servant would or (2) “he makes his servants to be like flames of fire”and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 104 4 h3wj figs-personification 0 He makes the winds his messengers This could mean: (1) he causes the wind to be able to carry a message like a messenger, “He makes the winds to be like his messengers” or (2) “He makes his messengers swift like the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 104 4 hx2d figs-personification 0 flames of fire his servants This could mean: (1) “he causes flames of fire to be like his servants.” He causes fire to serve him like a servant would or (2) “he makes his servants to be like flames of fire”and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 104 4 m17r figs-ellipsis 0 flames of fire his servants This can be stated with the implied information from the previous line. Alternate translation: “He makes the flames of fire his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) PSA 104 5 slc5 figs-idiom 0 He laid the foundations of the earth Here the phrase “laid the foundations” means “created.” Alternate translation: “He created the whole earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 104 6 uvx2 figs-simile 0 You covered the earth with water like a garment Here the water that covered the earth is being compared to how a large garment is able to completely cover something. Alternate translation: “You completely covered the earth with water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) @@ -4038,7 +4038,7 @@ PSA 107 10 d8zk figs-explicit 0 Some sat It is implied that these are people th PSA 107 10 pb1i figs-doublet 0 in darkness and in gloom Both “darkness” and “gloom” have basically the same meaning and are used to emphasize how dark the prison was. Alternate translation: “in complete darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) PSA 107 11 hv2f figs-parallelism 0 they had rebelled against God’s word…rejected the instruction of the Most High These phrases have similar meanings and emphasize how much they had rebelled again God, which is why they had been imprisoned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 107 12 n1vf figs-synecdoche 0 He humbled their hearts through hardship Here the heart represents a person, but specifically his will. Alternate translation: “He humbled them by allowing them to suffer hardship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -PSA 107 12 pw85 0 hardship Possible meanings are (1) “trouble” or (2) “hard labor.” +PSA 107 12 pw85 0 hardship This could mean: (1) “trouble” or (2) “hard labor.” PSA 107 12 rn21 figs-explicit 0 they stumbled and there was no one to help them up The word “stumbled” refers to times when these people got into very difficult situations. Alternate translation: “they got into trouble and there was no one to help them out of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 107 13 ee2r figs-explicit 0 Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:6](../107/006.md). Alternate translation: “Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 107 13 w6na 0 their distress “difficulties” or “afflictions.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:6](../107/006.md) @@ -4052,7 +4052,7 @@ PSA 107 17 cg19 0 They were foolish in their rebellious ways “They were fool PSA 107 17 w525 figs-explicit 0 and afflicted “and they suffered.” Specifically they were afflicted by becoming sick. Alternate translation: “and they became sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 107 18 qkk6 figs-metaphor 0 they came close to the gates of death Here the act of “dying” is described as a place, “the gates of death” Alternate translation: “they almost died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 107 19 h1yt figs-explicit 0 Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:6](../107/006.md). Alternate translation: “Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -PSA 107 20 q29l figs-personification 0 He sent his word and healed them Here David describes Yahweh speaking as sending his words as if they were a messenger. Possible meanings are (1) “He commanded for them to be healed and they were healed” or (2) “He encouraged them and healed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +PSA 107 20 q29l figs-personification 0 He sent his word and healed them Here David describes Yahweh speaking as sending his words as if they were a messenger. This could mean: (1) “He commanded for them to be healed and they were healed” or (2) “He encouraged them and healed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 107 21 b9jy figs-exclamations 0 Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:8](../107/008.md). Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 107 22 qpm7 0 of thanksgiving “that show that they are thankful” PSA 107 22 ct4t 0 in singing “by singing about them” @@ -4088,7 +4088,7 @@ PSA 107 40 i78e figs-explicit 0 the leaders “the nobles.” This refers to th PSA 107 40 b5e5 0 where there are no roads “where people never go” PSA 107 41 eaq2 0 But he “But Yahweh” PSA 107 41 a9fb figs-nominaladj 0 the needy This refers to needy people. Alternate translation: “needy people” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -PSA 107 41 n1pw figs-simile 0 cares for his families like a flock Here David compares how Yahweh cares for his people to how a shepherd cares for his sheep. Possible meanings are (1) “makes the number of people in their families increase like flocks” or (2) “takes care of them like a shepherd cares for his sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +PSA 107 41 n1pw figs-simile 0 cares for his families like a flock Here David compares how Yahweh cares for his people to how a shepherd cares for his sheep. This could mean: (1) “makes the number of people in their families increase like flocks” or (2) “takes care of them like a shepherd cares for his sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) PSA 107 42 j8l2 figs-nominaladj 0 The upright This refers to people who live in an upright way. Alternate translation: “Upright people” or “People who do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) PSA 107 42 pa98 figs-metonymy 0 all wickedness Here wicked people are referred to as “wickedness.” Alternate translation: “all wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 107 42 s6wb figs-idiom 0 shuts its mouth This means to not say anything in response. Alternate translation: “has nothing to say against Yahweh in reply” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -4210,21 +4210,21 @@ PSA 110 6 sc5q figs-metonymy 0 he will kill the leaders in many countries This PSA 110 7 uw7e figs-explicit 0 He will drink of the brook along the road The king only stops briefly for a drink and then he continues the pursuit of his enemies. Alternate translation: “As he pursues his enemies, he will only stop to drink quickly from a brook” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 110 7 mb7t figs-synecdoche 0 of the brook This means the he will drink water from the brook. A brook is a small stream. Alternate translation: “he will drink water from the brook” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 110 7 hi2c 0 and then “and so” or “therefore” -PSA 110 7 qf91 0 he will lift his head Possible meanings are (1) the king lifts up his own head or (2) Yahweh lifts up the head of the king. +PSA 110 7 qf91 0 he will lift his head This could mean: (1) the king lifts up his own head or (2) Yahweh lifts up the head of the king. PSA 110 7 c1xr figs-idiom 0 he will lift his head up high after victory People raised their heads when they are victorious, confident, and joyful. Alternate translation: “he will confidently lift his head after victory” or “he will be victorious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 111 intro mk5d 0 # Psalm 111 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 111 is a psalm of praise to God for his miracles and care. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s character<br>God is great. He has given his people food and a land always keeps his promises to his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) PSA 111 1 gj78 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 111 1 ydq8 figs-metonymy 0 with my whole heart Here the word “heart” represents the person’s entire inner being and emotions. Alternate translation: “with all that I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 111 1 wk3i figs-doublet 0 in the assembly of the upright, in their gathering These two phrases mean that same thing and may be combined if necessary. Alternate translation: “in the gathering of upright people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) PSA 111 2 t1nm figs-activepassive 0 eagerly awaited by all those who desire them The word “them” refers to the “works of Yahweh.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all those who desire the works of Yahweh eagerly await them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -PSA 111 2 hfu9 0 eagerly awaited Possible meanings are (1) “sought after” or (2) “studied.” +PSA 111 2 hfu9 0 eagerly awaited This could mean: (1) “sought after” or (2) “studied.” PSA 111 4 iu4t figs-activepassive 0 that will be remembered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that people will always remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 111 5 b5ar figs-idiom 0 call to mind This is an idiom that means to remember. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 111 6 xr2m 0 his powerful works “his works that demonstrated his power” PSA 111 6 v69n figs-metaphor 0 the inheritance of the nations The writer speaks of the land that belonged to the nations in Canaan as if it were their inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land that belonged to other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 111 7 t14c figs-synecdoche 0 The works of his hands Here the word “hands” refers to Yahweh, himself. Alternate translation: “The works that he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 111 8 aj31 figs-activepassive 0 They are established forever This means that Yahweh’s instructions are unchangeable and will last forever. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He has established them forever” or “They will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -PSA 111 8 shk9 figs-activepassive 0 to be observed faithfully and properly Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh has given his instructions in a faithful and proper manner or (2) his people are to observe Yahweh’s instructions in a faithful and proper manner. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for his people to observe them faithfully and properly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +PSA 111 8 shk9 figs-activepassive 0 to be observed faithfully and properly This could mean: (1) Yahweh has given his instructions in a faithful and proper manner or (2) his people are to observe Yahweh’s instructions in a faithful and proper manner. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for his people to observe them faithfully and properly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 111 9 e4zm figs-metonymy 0 holy and awesome is his name Here the word “name” refers to Yahweh, himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is holy and awesome” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 111 10 x95h figs-abstractnouns 0 the beginning of wisdom The word “wisdom” can be translated as “wise.” Alternate translation: “the first step to becoming wise” or “the most important thing to become wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 111 10 rv8i 0 those who carry out his instructions “those who obey his instructions” @@ -4241,7 +4241,7 @@ PSA 112 6 p13c 0 General Information: The person who sings this song continues PSA 112 6 vvk4 figs-activepassive 0 For he will never be moved he will not be troubled or overwhelmed by circumstances for his trust is in Yahweh? This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For nothing will ever move him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 112 6 d3ji figs-activepassive 0 the righteous person will be remembered forever This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will remember the righteous person forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 112 8 p92s 0 General Information: The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh. -PSA 112 8 b8q2 figs-synecdoche 0 His heart is tranquil “His heart is supported.” Here the word “heart” refers to the person. Possible meanings are (1) “He is at peace” or (2) “He is confident” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +PSA 112 8 b8q2 figs-synecdoche 0 His heart is tranquil “His heart is supported.” Here the word “heart” refers to the person. This could mean: (1) “He is at peace” or (2) “He is confident” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 112 9 yw9m 0 his righteousness endures forever “his righteous deeds will endure forever.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 112:3](../112/003.md). PSA 112 9 d44a figs-activepassive 0 he will be exalted with honor This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will exalt him by giving him honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 112 10 rn5k 0 will see this “will see that things go well for the godly person.” The word “this” refers to everything good that the writer has described in the previous verses about the godly person. @@ -4272,7 +4272,7 @@ PSA 114 4 hr5q figs-personification 0 The mountains skipped like rams, the hill PSA 114 5 a5rh figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Verses 5-6 contain four rhetorical questions. The expected answer to each question is found in verse 7, “because of the presence of the Lord.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PSA 114 6 m256 figs-personification 0 skip like rams…skip like lambs The writer speaks of the mountains and hills as if they are alive. He is probably speaking of an earthquake when he describes their fear at the presence of Yahweh as if they were jumping like rams and lambs. See how you translated similar phrases in [Psalms 114:4](./004.md). Alternate translation: “shake like jumping rams…shake like jumping lambs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 114 7 xi33 figs-parallelism 0 Tremble, earth, before the Lord, at the presence of the God of Jacob The last two phrases are parallel. The verb may be supplied in the second line. Alternate translation: “Tremble, earth, before the Lord, tremble at the presence of the God of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -PSA 114 7 k6tn figs-personification 0 Tremble, earth Possible meanings are (1) the writer is speaking to the earth as if it were a person and commands it to tremble with fear before God or (2) the word “earth” is a metonym for those who live on the earth. Alternate translation: “Tremble, everyone one earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PSA 114 7 k6tn figs-personification 0 Tremble, earth This could mean: (1) the writer is speaking to the earth as if it were a person and commands it to tremble with fear before God or (2) the word “earth” is a metonym for those who live on the earth. Alternate translation: “Tremble, everyone one earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 114 8 u6n5 figs-parallelism 0 He turned the rock into a pool of water, the hard rock into a spring of water These two phrases are parallel. The writer describes Yahweh causing water to flow from the rock as if he turned the rock into water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 114 8 ca4j figs-ellipsis 0 the hard rock into a spring of water The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “He turned the hard rock into a spring of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) PSA 115 intro it4i 0 # Psalm 115 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 115 is a psalm of praise.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s power<br>God is in heaven and is able to do whatever he wants. Idols can not do anything. Therefore, people and priests should trust God for their protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) @@ -4375,7 +4375,7 @@ PSA 118 20 auq4 0 the gate of Yahweh “the gate that leads to Yahweh’s pres PSA 118 21 u256 0 I will give thanks to you Here the writer begins to speak to Yahweh. PSA 118 21 dqj9 figs-abstractnouns 0 you have become my salvation The word “salvation” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “you have saved me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 118 22 kk3n writing-proverbs 0 The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone This is likely a proverb that the writer has used to describe either the king or the nation of Israel. That which others have considered worthless, Yahweh has made to be the most important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) -PSA 118 23 ta5n figs-idiom 0 it is marvelous in our eyes Possible meanings are (1) “it is a marvelous thing for us to see” or (2) “we consider it to be a marvelous thing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +PSA 118 23 ta5n figs-idiom 0 it is marvelous in our eyes This could mean: (1) “it is a marvelous thing for us to see” or (2) “we consider it to be a marvelous thing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 118 24 k6jd figs-doublet 0 rejoice and be glad These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of joy. Alternate translation: “be very glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) PSA 118 26 wj3i 0 Blessed is he who comes in the name of Yahweh Here the priests begin to address the king. PSA 118 26 iq2u figs-metonymy 0 he who comes in the name of Yahweh Here the word “name” represents Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “the one who comes in the power of the Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -4419,7 +4419,7 @@ PSA 119 17 fr7n 0 your servant The writer called himself “your servant” to PSA 119 18 jpj2 figs-metaphor 0 Open my eyes so that I may see The author speaks of gaining understanding, knowledge and wisdom as being able to see. Alternate translation: Help me to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 119 18 d25d figs-metaphor 0 marvelous things in your law The author speaks of insight into the law as objects to marvel at. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 119 18 a35a 0 in your law “in your instructions” or “in your commands” -PSA 119 19 att5 figs-metaphor 0 I am a foreigner in the land Possible meanings are (1) the writers speaks of his short life on earth as if he were a foreigner who would not stay long in the land. Alternate translation: “I am like a foreigner living a short time in the land” or (2) the writer’s ignorance of God’s law as if he were a foreigner who did not know the laws of the land. Alternate translation: “I am ignorant like a foreigner in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 119 19 att5 figs-metaphor 0 I am a foreigner in the land This could mean: (1) the writers speaks of his short life on earth as if he were a foreigner who would not stay long in the land. Alternate translation: “I am like a foreigner living a short time in the land” or (2) the writer’s ignorance of God’s law as if he were a foreigner who did not know the laws of the land. Alternate translation: “I am ignorant like a foreigner in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 119 20 y84c figs-metaphor 0 My desires are crushed by the longing The writer speaks of his desires being very strong as if they were in pain. Alternate translation: “My inner being strongly desires to know” or “My soul aches because I want so much to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 119 21 r8y6 0 who are cursed Possible meanings are that (1) God will curse them or (2) they deserve God’s punishment. Alternate translation: “who deserve your punishment” PSA 119 21 k8t4 figs-metaphor 0 who wander from your commandments The writer speaks of disobeying God’s commandments as if they were a path that can be wandered off from. Alternate translation: “who go away from the path of your commandments” or “who disobey your commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -4435,14 +4435,14 @@ PSA 119 27 x7qh 0 wondrous teachings “amazing teachings” PSA 119 28 n45q 0 with grief “because I am so sad” PSA 119 28 n4h6 0 Strengthen me “Make me strong.” This may refer to physical strength or spiritual strength. PSA 119 29 n1pn figs-metaphor 0 Turn from me the path of deceit The word “path” here refers to a way of behaving. Alternate translation: “Keep me from following the path of deceit” or “Prevent me from being deceptive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 119 29 p23d 0 deceit Possible meanings are (1) “lying” or (2) “believing lies” or “following lies.” +PSA 119 29 p23d 0 deceit This could mean: (1) “lying” or (2) “believing lies” or “following lies.” PSA 119 30 u8gw figs-metaphor 0 the way of faithfulness How a person behaves or acts is spoken as if it were a road or way. Alternate translation: “to be faithful to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 119 31 hf1b figs-metaphor 0 I cling to your covenant decrees Holding tightly to them refers to being committed to obeying them. Alternate translation: “I hold tightly to your covenant decrees” or “I am committed to obeying your covenant decrees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 119 31 zc7g 0 covenant decrees This refers to the law of Moses. PSA 119 32 zq4i figs-metaphor 0 I will run in the path of your commandments The writer speaks of being focused or committed to obeying God’s commands as if one is running on a path. Alternate translation: “I will be committed to obey your commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 119 32 fzh3 figs-idiom 0 you enlarge my heart This is an idiom. Possible meanings are (1) “you help me gain greater understanding of your commands” or (2) “you give me greater desire to obey your commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +PSA 119 32 fzh3 figs-idiom 0 you enlarge my heart This is an idiom. This could mean: (1) “you help me gain greater understanding of your commands” or (2) “you give me greater desire to obey your commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 119 33 eg16 0 your statutes This is another way of describing the law of Moses. -PSA 119 33 j4dt 0 to the end Possible meanings are (1) “completely” or (2) “to the end of my life” or (3) “to the end of time.” +PSA 119 33 j4dt 0 to the end This could mean: (1) “completely” or (2) “to the end of my life” or (3) “to the end of time.” PSA 119 34 uwv4 0 keep your law “obey your law” PSA 119 34 r2ux 0 I will observe it with all my heart “I will surely observe your law” or “I am completely committed to doing what it says” PSA 119 34 ij5y figs-idiom 0 with all my heart This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “with all my being” or “with everything in me” or “sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -4458,17 +4458,17 @@ PSA 119 38 x2tw figs-explicit 0 your servant The writer referred to himself as PSA 119 39 yau8 0 I dread “I am very afraid of” PSA 119 39 mk9g figs-abstractnouns 0 your righteous judgments are good God judges rightly and his decisions are good. Alternate translation: “Your judgments are righteous and good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 119 40 yl75 0 See This refers to being aware of the situation. The focus is on knowledge or understanding, rather than just observing. -PSA 119 40 d8v4 0 I have longed for your instructions Possible meanings are (1) “I want very much to know your instructions” or (2) “I want very much to obey what you teach us to do.” +PSA 119 40 d8v4 0 I have longed for your instructions This could mean: (1) “I want very much to know your instructions” or (2) “I want very much to obey what you teach us to do.” PSA 119 40 pr5m figs-abstractnouns 0 revive me in your righteousness The word “righteousness” is an abstract noun and refers to being righteous. Alternate translation: “revive me because you are righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -PSA 119 40 ci53 0 revive me Possible meanings are (1) “Keep me alive” or (2) “Make me strong.” +PSA 119 40 ci53 0 revive me This could mean: (1) “Keep me alive” or (2) “Make me strong.” PSA 119 41 fa7w figs-ellipsis 0 your salvation You may make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “give me your salvation” or “save me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) PSA 119 42 vms5 0 a reply “an answer” or “a response” -PSA 119 43 j9dg 0 Do not take the word of truth from my mouth Here the writer is represented by his “mouth.” Possible meanings are (1) “never prevent me from speaking the message about the truth” or (2) “never prevent me from speaking the true message.” +PSA 119 43 j9dg 0 Do not take the word of truth from my mouth Here the writer is represented by his “mouth.” This could mean: (1) “never prevent me from speaking the message about the truth” or (2) “never prevent me from speaking the true message.” PSA 119 44 mp4n 0 I will observe “I will obey” PSA 119 45 lq9x figs-metaphor 0 I will walk securely To walk securely is to live one’s life securely. Alternate translation: “I will live securely in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 119 45 h23e figs-idiom 0 I seek your instructions To “seek” is to perceive, or gain understanding of God’s instructions as if one can see them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 119 46 uj95 0 solemn commands before kings “serious commands to kings” or “instructions to kings” -PSA 119 47 y49b 0 I delight in your commandments Possible meanings are (1) “I find delight in studying your commandments” or (2) “I am delighted that I have the opportunity to study your commandments.” +PSA 119 47 y49b 0 I delight in your commandments This could mean: (1) “I find delight in studying your commandments” or (2) “I am delighted that I have the opportunity to study your commandments.” PSA 119 48 v87b figs-idiom 0 lift up my hands to This is an idiom which means to honor, cherish or respect God’s commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 119 49 gb3p 0 Call to mind your promise “Remember your promise.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 20:3](../020/003.md) PSA 119 50 mlp7 figs-sentences 0 This is my comfort in my affliction: that your promise has kept me alive This clause can be restructured. Alternate translation: “The reason for my comfort is that your promise has kept me alive in my affliction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]]) @@ -4508,7 +4508,7 @@ PSA 119 76 k57e figs-123person 0 your servant The writer refers to himself as PSA 119 78 j2en figs-activepassive 0 Let the proud be put to shame This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Put the proud to shame” or “Cause those who are proud to be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 119 78 l2cs figs-nominaladj 0 the proud This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “proud people” or “those who are proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) PSA 119 79 i7zp figs-metaphor 0 turn to me People returning in friendship to the writer is spoken of as if they physically turn towards him. Alternate translation: “come to me” or “unite with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 119 79 u1zx grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 those who know your covenant decrees Possible meanings are (1) this further describes those who honor God or (2) this indicates the purpose for those who honor God to return to the writer. Alternate translation: “so that they may learn your covenant decrees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) +PSA 119 79 u1zx grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 those who know your covenant decrees This could mean: (1) this further describes those who honor God or (2) this indicates the purpose for those who honor God to return to the writer. Alternate translation: “so that they may learn your covenant decrees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) PSA 119 80 b84y figs-metonymy 0 May my heart be blameless Here “heart” represents a person’s thoughts and motives. Alternate translation: “May I be blameless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 119 80 xg4u figs-activepassive 0 I may not be put to shame This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I may not be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 119 81 kx77 0 I hope in your word “I confidently trust in what you say” @@ -4551,7 +4551,7 @@ PSA 119 110 n3qq figs-metaphor 0 I have not strayed from your instructions Not PSA 119 111 ma4d figs-metaphor 0 I claim your covenant decrees as my heritage forever The writer always cherishing and obeying God’s decrees is spoken of as if the decrees are land or a possession that the writer will inherit. Alternate translation: “Your laws will belong to me forever” or “Your covenant decrees are like a heritage I will keep forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 119 111 p236 figs-synecdoche 0 they are the joy of my heart Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “they make me joyful” or “I delight in them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 119 112 yy19 figs-metonymy 0 My heart is set on obeying Here “heart” represents the writer’s will. The phrase “heart is set” is an idiom. It is a way of saying the writer is determined. Alternate translation: “I am determined to obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -PSA 119 112 a2c7 0 to the very end Possible meanings are (1) “every one of them” (2) “to the very end of my life” or (3) “to the very end of time” +PSA 119 112 a2c7 0 to the very end This could mean: (1) “every one of them” (2) “to the very end of my life” or (3) “to the very end of time” PSA 119 113 ewl3 figs-metaphor 0 who have a double mind A person who is not sincere and not fully committed to obeying God is spoken of as if the person has two minds. Alternate translation: “who are not completely committed to obeying you” or “who are insincere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 119 114 p5ix figs-metaphor 0 my hiding place God making the writer safe is spoken of as if God were a place where the writer could go and hide. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 119 114 pas2 figs-metaphor 0 my shield God protecting the writer is spoken of as if God were the writer’s shield. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -4560,7 +4560,7 @@ PSA 119 114 l68r 0 your word Here “word” represents what God communicates PSA 119 116 f189 0 Sustain me by your word “Give me strength as you said you would” or “Enable me to be strong as you promised” PSA 119 116 zw3z 0 and not be ashamed of my hope Here “my hope” represents the writer’s trust in God and his promises. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “Do not disappoint me” or “Do not cause me shame by not doing what you promised to do” PSA 119 117 pq8s 0 Support me “Help me” or “Strengthen me” -PSA 119 118 kd3f 0 those people are deceptive and unreliable Possible meanings are (1) “those people lie and no one can trust them” or (2) “those people make deceitful plans but they will fail” +PSA 119 118 kd3f 0 those people are deceptive and unreliable This could mean: (1) “those people lie and no one can trust them” or (2) “those people make deceitful plans but they will fail” PSA 119 119 tbp5 figs-simile 0 You remove all the wicked of the earth like slag Slag is the waste or undesired leftovers in the process of refining gold or other metals. Yahweh removes the wicked people as if they were trash. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) PSA 119 119 z8fj figs-nominaladj 0 the wicked This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) PSA 119 119 e1lj 0 like slag “like trash” or “like waste” @@ -4585,7 +4585,7 @@ PSA 119 131 qm6c figs-metaphor 0 I open my mouth and pant, for I long for your PSA 119 132 jqh6 translate-symaction 0 Turn to me To turn towards someone means to pay attention to that person. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) PSA 119 132 ar7k figs-metonymy 0 love your name Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “love you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 119 133 mja8 figs-synecdoche 0 Direct my footsteps Here the word “footsteps” represents the writer as he is walking. He speaks of the way he lives, or his conduct, as if he were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “Direct me” or “Teach me how to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 119 133 y2w5 figs-personification 0 do not let any sin rule me The writer speaks of sin as if it were a person who has authority over him. Possible meanings are (1) “do not let me habitually commit any sin” or (2) “do not let sinful men rule me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +PSA 119 133 y2w5 figs-personification 0 do not let any sin rule me The writer speaks of sin as if it were a person who has authority over him. This could mean: (1) “do not let me habitually commit any sin” or (2) “do not let sinful men rule me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 119 134 a4a4 figs-abstractnouns 0 Redeem me from human oppression The word “oppression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Save me from people who oppress others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 119 135 g736 figs-metaphor 0 Let your face shine on your servant The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards him as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on him. Alternate translation: “Act favorably towards your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 119 136 jv4q figs-metaphor 0 Streams of tears The writer speaks of his many tears as if they were streams of water. Alternate translation: “Many tears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -4620,10 +4620,10 @@ PSA 119 159 rv26 0 See “Look at me so you can see” PSA 119 159 r1n2 figs-abstractnouns 0 by your covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 119 160 iir8 0 The essence of your word is truth “Your word is completely true” or “Your word can be trusted” PSA 119 161 tq5i figs-synecdoche 0 my heart stands in awe of your word The psalmist speaks of the heart as if it could be amazed. The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “I am amazed at your word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -PSA 119 162 n1dy 0 plunder Possible meanings are (1) things that soldiers and robbers take from those they have defeated in battle or (2) things of great value or “treasure.” +PSA 119 162 n1dy 0 plunder This could mean: (1) things that soldiers and robbers take from those they have defeated in battle or (2) things of great value or “treasure.” PSA 119 163 jx6a figs-doublet 0 hate and despise These two words mean almost the same thing. Alternate translation: “hate very strongly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) PSA 119 163 ue4r figs-metonymy 0 falsehood Possible meanings are this is a metonym for (1) “people who lie” or (2) “the false words that people say.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PSA 119 165 fin9 0 nothing makes them stumble Possible meanings are (1) “nothing makes them do wrong” or (2) “nothing causes them trouble.” +PSA 119 165 fin9 0 nothing makes them stumble This could mean: (1) “nothing makes them do wrong” or (2) “nothing causes them trouble.” PSA 119 167 t7k7 0 I observe your solemn commands “I obey your solemn commands” PSA 119 167 iqz6 0 solemn commands Other possible meanings are “testimonies” or “laws.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 119:2](../119/002.md). PSA 119 168 zj2b 0 I keep your instructions “I obey your instructions” @@ -4670,7 +4670,7 @@ PSA 121 6 wzt9 figs-ellipsis 0 nor the moon by night It is implies that “will PSA 121 7 au24 figs-metonymy 0 your life This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 122 intro x7wj 0 # Psalm 122 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 122 is a psalm about Jerusalem.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jerusalem<br>Jerusalem is an important city, the center of government and religious activities; so the author prays for peace for the city. PSA 122 1 lck5 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -PSA 122 1 x5k5 0 A song of ascents Possible meanings are (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) +PSA 122 1 x5k5 0 A song of ascents This could mean: (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) PSA 122 2 d2gp figs-apostrophe 0 Jerusalem, our feet are standing within your gates! The writer briefly stops speaking to his audience and speaks directly to the city of Jerusalem. Jerusalem is spoken to as if it was a person who could hear the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 122 2 gjq5 figs-synecdoche 0 our feet are standing Here “feet” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “we are standing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 122 2 pe5k figs-synecdoche 0 within your gates Here “gates” refers to the city. Alternate translation: “inside you, Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) @@ -4702,7 +4702,7 @@ PSA 123 4 gp8j figs-nominaladj 0 the insolent This refers to the insolent peopl PSA 123 4 ugx5 figs-nominaladj 0 the proud This refers to the proud people. Alternate translation: “the people who are proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) PSA 124 intro khc4 0 # Psalm 124 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 124 is a psalm of praise for God’s delivering the Israelites from their enemy’s attack. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh saves<br>God saved the Israelites from their enemy who wanted to completely destroy them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) PSA 124 1 fes4 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -PSA 124 1 uf2u 0 song of ascents Possible meanings are (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) +PSA 124 1 uf2u 0 song of ascents This could mean: (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) PSA 124 1 zqy6 figs-hypo 0 “If Yahweh had not been on our side This is the beginning of a hypothetical statement about something that did not actually happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) PSA 124 2 qz9s figs-hypo 0 if it had not been Yahweh who was on our side This is the continuation of a hypothetical statement about something that did not actually happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) PSA 124 3 n3uw figs-hypo 0 then they would have swallowed us up alive This is the end of a hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If Yahweh had not been on our side” in [Psalms 124:1](../124/001.md) and continues with the words “if it had not been Yahweh who was on our side when men rose up against us” in [Psalms 124:2](./002.md). It describes a result that did not happen because Yahweh was actually on their side. “They were not able to swallow us up alive because Yahweh was on our side.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) @@ -4739,7 +4739,7 @@ PSA 126 3 js5q 0 Yahweh did great things for us; how glad we were! “How glad PSA 126 5 i43v 0 Those who sow in tears “Those who weep as they sow” PSA 127 intro ipx7 0 # Psalm 127 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 127 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Blessings<br>God wants his people to have rest. It is a blessing to have many children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/rest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) PSA 127 1 nt9a writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -PSA 127 1 m7vn 0 song of ascents Possible meanings are (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) +PSA 127 1 m7vn 0 song of ascents This could mean: (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) PSA 127 2 qvi2 0 to rise up early, to come home late A person who works hard often has to wake up earlier in the morning and return home late at night. PSA 127 2 vc2y figs-idiom 0 eat the bread of hard work This is an idiom. Bread often represents the food a person needs every day in order to live. Alternate translation: “work hard for your daily needs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 127 3 qz98 figs-metaphor 0 heritage property that a person can inherit from his ancestors. Children normally receive an inheritance from their parents. Inheritance goes from parents to children. This passage uses parents inheriting children from Yahweh as a metaphor for Yahweh being the only one who can give children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -4780,7 +4780,7 @@ PSA 130 7 ua2z figs-metaphor 0 Israel, hope in Yahweh The people of Israel are PSA 130 8 i64f figs-metaphor 0 who will redeem Israel from all his sins The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a man. Alternate translation: “who will redeem the people of Israel from all their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 131 intro ej7h 0 # Psalm 131 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 131 is a wisdom psalm teaching trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Trust<br>This psalm focuses on the concept of trust. A quiet trust in Yahweh is best. PSA 131 1 ct5z writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -PSA 131 1 px11 0 song of ascents Possible meanings are (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) +PSA 131 1 px11 0 song of ascents This could mean: (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) PSA 131 1 kgc5 figs-synecdoche 0 my heart is not proud or my eyes haughty The heart and the eyes represent the person. Alternate translation: “I am not proud or haughty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 131 1 tz2s 0 I do not have great hopes for myself Possible meanings are “I do not expect to do great things” or “I do not think I am great.” PSA 131 1 xfb4 figs-metaphor 0 things that are beyond me Things that are too hard for a person to understand are spoken of as if they are beyond the person or too far away from the person to be able to reach them. Alternate translation: “things that are too hard to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -4801,7 +4801,7 @@ PSA 132 6 nbj6 translate-names 0 fields of Jaar Jaar is probably another name f PSA 132 7 gcy9 figs-metaphor 0 we will worship at his footstool Worshiping God at the covenant box is spoken of as bowing at the feet of the king who is sitting on his throne. This communicates humility and submission to God. Alternate translation: “we will go to God’s covenant box and worship him as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 132 8 jkj6 figs-explicit 0 Arise, Yahweh, to your resting place The verb “come” can be stated clearly. “Arise, Yahweh, and come to your resting place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PSA 132 8 e7g1 figs-metaphor 0 your resting place The place God chose for people to worship him is spoken of as if it were a place where he rests or lives eternally. Alternate translation: “the place where you stay” or “your tabernacle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 132 8 ktv8 figs-ellipsis 0 you and the ark of your strength! Possible meanings are (1) “come to the ark of your strength” or (2) “come, and make the ark of your strength come.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +PSA 132 8 ktv8 figs-ellipsis 0 you and the ark of your strength! This could mean: (1) “come to the ark of your strength” or (2) “come, and make the ark of your strength come.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) PSA 132 8 pg13 0 the ark of your strength “the ark that shows your great power” PSA 132 9 y1an figs-metaphor 0 May your priests be clothed with integrity Integrity is spoken of as if it were clothing. Alternate translation: “May people recognize that your priests have integrity” or “I want people see how your priests always do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 132 10 zns5 0 For your servant David’s sake “Because of what happened to your servant David.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 132:1](../132/001.md). @@ -4817,7 +4817,7 @@ PSA 132 14 y9cs figs-metaphor 0 my resting place The place God chose for people PSA 132 15 afl2 figs-personification 0 God continues to speak about the city of Zion as if Zion was a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 132 15 gvy6 0 will abundantly bless her “will abundantly bless Zion” PSA 132 15 md5k figs-nominaladj 0 will satisfy her poor with bread Here “poor” refers to the poor people in Zion and “bread” probably represents food in general. Alternate translation: “will satisfy the poor people in Zion with food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -PSA 132 16 w9cn figs-metaphor 0 I will clothe her priests with salvation Salvation is spoken of as if it is clothing. Possible meanings are (1) “I will cause the priests to behave in a manner worthy of ones whom I have saved” or (2) “I will save her priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 132 16 w9cn figs-metaphor 0 I will clothe her priests with salvation Salvation is spoken of as if it is clothing. This could mean: (1) “I will cause the priests to behave in a manner worthy of ones whom I have saved” or (2) “I will save her priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 132 17 vls7 figs-metaphor 0 I will make a horn to sprout for David God speaks of a powerful descendant of David as if he was the powerful horn of an animal. Alternate translation: “I will make a descendant of David become king after him” or “I will cause David to have a descendant who will be a powerful king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 132 17 yc3b figs-metaphor 0 set up a lamp for my anointed one God speaks of causing David’s descendants to continue to rule as king as if they were a lamp that would continue to shine. Alternate translation: “I will cause my anointed one’s descendants to continue to rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 132 17 dms8 0 my anointed one “my chosen king” or “the king I have chosen” @@ -4825,7 +4825,7 @@ PSA 132 18 gp1f figs-metaphor 0 I will clothe his enemies with shame Shame is s PSA 132 18 hdu2 figs-metonymy 0 his crown will shine The crown represents his rule, and greatness is spoken of as shining. Alternate translation: “he will be a great king” or “his greatness will shine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 133 intro lg1c 0 # Psalm 133 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 133 is a wisdom psalm about harmony. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Harmony<br>Harmony between relatives is refreshing and brings a blessings from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) PSA 133 1 s9bf writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -PSA 133 1 xwd2 0 song of ascents Possible meanings are (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) +PSA 133 1 xwd2 0 song of ascents This could mean: (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in [Psalms 120:1](../120/001.md) PSA 133 1 d9ck 0 Behold This word is used to stress the importance of the statement that follows. PSA 133 1 s8hv figs-metaphor 0 for brothers to live together The relationships among fellow God’s people is spoken of as if they were brothers. Alternate translation: “for God’s people to live together peacefully as brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 133 2 qj4c figs-simile 0 It is like fine oil on the head The goodness of unity among God’s people is spoken of as if it were like the fine oil that was poured on Aaron’s head. Alternate translation: “This unity is precious like the oil that was poured on Aaron’s head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) @@ -4835,7 +4835,7 @@ PSA 134 intro az9r 0 # Psalm 134 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psa PSA 134 1 x2de writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 134 1 y7mi 0 all you servants of Yahweh “all you who serve Yahweh” PSA 134 2 fx9g translate-symaction 0 Lift up your hands This is how people prayed or praised God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -PSA 134 2 x39j 0 to the holy place Possible meanings are (1) “to the temple” or (2) “to the holy place in the temple.” +PSA 134 2 x39j 0 to the holy place This could mean: (1) “to the temple” or (2) “to the holy place in the temple.” PSA 134 3 d5zb figs-merism 0 heaven and earth The phrase “heaven and earth” here represents all things. Alternate translation: “everything in heaven and earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) PSA 135 intro qzj7 0 # Psalm 135 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 135 is a worship psalm focusing on worshiping God because his greatness.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Praise<br>The people, priests and their helpers should praise God because he is so great. He defeated the Egyptians and led his people to the promise land. Idols have no power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) PSA 135 1 s987 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -4900,12 +4900,12 @@ PSA 137 9 v5tp 0 dashes your little ones against a rock “smashes your babies PSA 138 intro lv6z 0 # Psalm 138 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm is a psalm of praise.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Answered prayers<br>God answers prayers and he protects the psalmist from his enemies. PSA 138 1 uq65 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PSA 138 1 hm3q figs-metonymy 0 I will give you thanks with my whole heart The heart here represents the emotions. Doing something sincerely or completely is spoken of as doing it with all one’s heart. Alternate translation: “I will sincerely thank you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PSA 138 1 eq6r 0 before the gods Possible meanings are (1) “in spite of the false idols that exist” or (2) “before the heavenly assembly,” which means “in the knowledge of the angels in heaven.” +PSA 138 1 eq6r 0 before the gods This could mean: (1) “in spite of the false idols that exist” or (2) “before the heavenly assembly,” which means “in the knowledge of the angels in heaven.” PSA 138 2 bda1 translate-symaction 0 I will bow down Bowing down is a symbolic action that represents worship and giving honor. Alternate translation: “I will worship you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) PSA 138 2 p2fj figs-metonymy 0 give thanks to your name Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “give thanks to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 138 2 t3ms figs-abstractnouns 0 for your covenant faithfulness and for your trustworthiness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant and you are worthy of people trusting you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 138 2 wkx6 0 your word “what you have said” or “your commands and promises” -PSA 138 2 m6ju figs-metonymy 0 your name Possible meanings are (1) “yourself” or (2) “your fame.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PSA 138 2 m6ju figs-metonymy 0 your name This could mean: (1) “yourself” or (2) “your fame.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 138 4 zpz8 figs-synecdoche 0 your mouth This expression stands for God himself. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 138 6 sg1t 0 Yahweh is high, yet he cares for the lowly Yahweh is above all creation in power, position, and authority. Yet his interest is in those who are humble in spirit, servants to all. This is a simple contrast. PSA 138 6 ly27 figs-metaphor 0 the proud he knows from far off This expression probably means that God is not faithful to those who are proud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -4994,9 +4994,9 @@ PSA 141 5 d396 figs-abstractnouns 0 it will be a kindness to me The abstract no PSA 141 5 vbt8 figs-simile 0 it will be like oil on my head Possible meanings are that the psalmist speaks as if a person correcting him were putting oil on his head (1) to honor him. Alternate translation: “when he corrects me, I will know that the one who corrects me is doing a good deed to me” or (2) to make his head feel better. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 141 5 sry9 figs-synecdoche 0 may my head not refuse to accept it The head is a synecdoche for the person. The litotes can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “may I accept it gladly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) PSA 141 5 m2xw figs-metonymy 0 my prayer is always against their wicked deeds The words “wicked deeds” are a metonym for the people who do the wicked deeds. Alternate translation: “I always pray that Yahweh will stop wicked people from doing evil deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PSA 141 6 k4ld figs-activepassive 0 Their leaders will be thrown down Possible meanings are (1) “Someone will throw their leaders down” or (2) “Their leaders will throw them down.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +PSA 141 6 k4ld figs-activepassive 0 Their leaders will be thrown down This could mean: (1) “Someone will throw their leaders down” or (2) “Their leaders will throw them down.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PSA 141 6 fj6j 0 cliffs ground that goes straight down a long way -PSA 141 7 b6wd 0 our bones have been scattered Possible meanings are (1) “people have thrown our bones around in different directions” or (2) as a result of the fall from the cliffs (141:6) “our bodies are broken and our bones lie in disorder.” +PSA 141 7 b6wd 0 our bones have been scattered This could mean: (1) “people have thrown our bones around in different directions” or (2) as a result of the fall from the cliffs (141:6) “our bodies are broken and our bones lie in disorder.” PSA 141 8 cjd2 figs-synecdoche 0 my eyes are on you The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “I am looking to see what you will do” or “I expect you to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 141 8 wm6m figs-metaphor 0 in you I take refuge “I am asking you to protect me” See how “take refuge” is translated in [Psalms 118:9](../118/009.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 141 8 wls6 figs-synecdoche 0 my soul The soul is a metonym for the whole person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) @@ -5018,10 +5018,10 @@ PSA 142 3 j7ir figs-explicit 0 you know my path “you know the path I should t PSA 142 3 qy2a figs-metaphor 0 In the way that I walk they have hidden a trap for me The psalmist speaks of people wanting to harm him as if they were trying to trap an animal. Alternate translation: “They are making plans so that whatever I do they can harm me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 142 4 e9h9 figs-metonymy 0 my life This is a metonym for “me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 142 5 d83b figs-metonymy 0 called out to you This is a call for help. Alternate translation: “called to you now for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PSA 142 5 u3fb 0 my portion Possible meanings are (1) “all I want” or (2) “all I need” or (3) “all I have.” +PSA 142 5 u3fb 0 my portion This could mean: (1) “all I want” or (2) “all I need” or (3) “all I have.” PSA 142 5 v2uk figs-idiom 0 in the land of the living This idiom refers to a person being alive, as opposed to a person who is dead and in the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “while I am living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PSA 142 6 t4vr figs-metonymy 0 Listen to my call This is a call for help. See how you translated this in [Psalms 5:1](../005/001.md). Alternate translation: “Listen to me as I call to you now for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PSA 142 6 y2xf 0 I have been brought very low Possible meanings are (1) “I am very needy” and (2) “I am very weak.” See how “we are very low” is translated in [Psalms 78:8](../078/008.md). +PSA 142 6 y2xf 0 I have been brought very low This could mean: (1) “I am very needy” and (2) “I am very weak.” See how “we are very low” is translated in [Psalms 78:8](../078/008.md). PSA 142 7 va7w figs-synecdoche 0 Bring my soul out of prison This is a request. The “soul” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “bring me out of prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 142 7 w9yx figs-metonymy 0 give thanks to your name The word “name” is a metonym for the person. See how you translated this in [Psalms 5:11](../005/011.md). Alternate translation: “give thanks to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 143 intro tm9v 0 # Psalm 143 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 143 is a deliverance psalm. The author prays for deliverance from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s help<br>The author prayed for help from Yahweh against his enemies because he is God’s servant. @@ -5046,23 +5046,23 @@ PSA 143 7 h5nt 0 Do not hide your face from me This is a request. “I beg you PSA 143 7 t1s2 figs-metaphor 0 Do not hide your face from me The psalmist speaks of Yahweh refusing to do what the psalmist asks as if Yahweh were refusing to even look at the psalmist. This litotes can be stated as a positive. Alternate translation: “Do not refuse to listen to me” or “Please listen to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) PSA 143 7 yh17 figs-euphemism 0 I will become like those who go down into the pit Here the word “pit” refers to the place of the dead. This phrase is a euphemism for death. Alternate translation: “I will become just another dead person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) PSA 143 8 cbz8 figs-abstractnouns 0 Let me hear your covenant faithfulness “Cause me to hear of your covenant faithfulness” or “Tell me of your covenant faithfulness.” The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Let me hear of how you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -PSA 143 8 z9rb 0 in the morning Possible meanings are (1) “in the morning,” at the time many people thought was the best time to pray, or (2) “morning by morning,” every day. +PSA 143 8 z9rb 0 in the morning This could mean: (1) “in the morning,” at the time many people thought was the best time to pray, or (2) “morning by morning,” every day. PSA 143 8 aut8 0 Show me “Tell me” PSA 143 8 e86d figs-metaphor 0 the way where I should walk The psalmist speaks of the way people live as if it were a path on which they walk. Alternate translation: “how you want me to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 143 8 idb7 0 for I lift up my soul to you Possible meanings are (1) “I pray to you” or (2) “I believe that you will guide and protect me.” -PSA 143 9 uh4d 0 I flee to you to hide Possible meanings are (1) “I flee to you so I can hide” and (2) “I flee to you so you will hide and protect me.” +PSA 143 8 idb7 0 for I lift up my soul to you This could mean: (1) “I pray to you” or (2) “I believe that you will guide and protect me.” +PSA 143 9 uh4d 0 I flee to you to hide This could mean: (1) “I flee to you so I can hide” and (2) “I flee to you so you will hide and protect me.” PSA 143 10 hfy5 0 to do your will “to do what you want me to do” -PSA 143 10 u2i6 figs-metaphor 0 lead me in the land of uprightness Possible meanings are (1) “help me to live righteously” or (2) “may my life be free of trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 143 10 kpf6 figs-metaphor 0 the land of uprightness Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor for righteous living or (2) “a level land,” a metaphor for life free of trouble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 143 10 u2i6 figs-metaphor 0 lead me in the land of uprightness This could mean: (1) “help me to live righteously” or (2) “may my life be free of trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 143 10 kpf6 figs-metaphor 0 the land of uprightness This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor for righteous living or (2) “a level land,” a metaphor for life free of trouble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 143 11 drk5 figs-metonymy 0 for your name’s sake Yahweh’s name represents his reputation and character. Alternate translation: “because of who you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 143 12 d1cl 0 the enemies of my life “the enemies who want to take my life” PSA 143 12 wp4f figs-abstractnouns 0 In your covenant faithfulness cut off my enemies “Show your covenant faithfulness by cutting off my enemies.” The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because you are faithful to your covenant, cut off my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 143 12 wl46 figs-metonymy 0 the enemies of my life “the enemies of my soul.” My “life” may be understood as representing the speaker. Alternate translation: “my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 144 intro j9c6 0 # Psalm 144 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 144 is a worship psalm. It is the first worship psalm in a series consisting of the final seven psalms (Psalms 144-150).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Safety<br>Psalm 144 is a prayer for safety and prosperity for the nation of Israel. PSA 144 1 kh8j writing-poetry 0 General Information: Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -PSA 144 1 lg69 figs-metaphor 0 my rock Possible meanings are (1) “the one who keeps me safe” or (2) “the one who gives me strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 144 1 lg69 figs-metaphor 0 my rock This could mean: (1) “the one who keeps me safe” or (2) “the one who gives me strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 144 1 r6cj figs-synecdoche 0 who trains my hands for war and my fingers for battle The words “hands” and “fingers” are synecdoches for “me.” If “war” and “battle” are the same word in your language, you can translate this as one line. Alternate translation: “who trains me for war and trains me for battle” or “who trains me for war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -PSA 144 2 k7jc figs-abstractnouns 0 my covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with anadverb. Possible meanings are (1) “the one who faithfully loves me” or (2) “the one who faithfully protects me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +PSA 144 2 k7jc figs-abstractnouns 0 my covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with anadverb. This could mean: (1) “the one who faithfully loves me” or (2) “the one who faithfully protects me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 144 2 bpc6 figs-metaphor 0 my fortress…take refuge The psalmist uses many metaphors to emphasize that Yahweh will protect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 144 2 naw2 figs-metaphor 0 my high tower David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a fortress that protects him from attack. Yahweh is the one who protects David from harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 144 2 v4eq figs-metaphor 0 my shield David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a shield that protects a soldier. Yahweh is the one who protects David from harm. See how this is translated in [Psalms 18:2](../018/002.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -5072,21 +5072,21 @@ PSA 144 3 la8b figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh, what is man that you take notice of him PSA 144 3 e6zt figs-doublet 0 man…son of man two words for human beings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) PSA 144 4 hu1p figs-simile 0 like a breath…like a passing shadow The writer compares humans to these thing to emphasize how short their lives are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) PSA 144 5 cp6t 0 Cause…come down…touch…make These words should probably be translated as requests, not commands, since the psalmist knows that God is greater than he is. -PSA 144 5 as4e 0 Cause the sky to sink Possible meanings are (1) tear the sky open or (2) bend the heavens like a tree branch bends when someone walks on it or as one bends a bow before shooting arrows. +PSA 144 5 as4e 0 Cause the sky to sink This could mean: (1) tear the sky open or (2) bend the heavens like a tree branch bends when someone walks on it or as one bends a bow before shooting arrows. PSA 144 6 jip6 0 Send…scatter…shoot…drive These should probably be translated as requests, not commands, since the psalmist knows that God is greater than he is. PSA 144 6 ye36 0 in confusion “so they do not know what to think or what to do” PSA 144 7 w63l figs-metaphor 0 Reach out your hand from above; rescue me out of many waters David speaks as if God were on land above a flood and had physical hands with which he could pull David out of a flood. The flood is a metaphor for the troubles caused by the “foreigners.” Alternate translation: “You who are able to act, help me overcome my troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 144 7 a8fn figs-metonymy 0 from the hand of foreigners Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “from the power of foreigners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 144 8 i188 figs-synecdoche 0 Their mouths speak lies Here the word “mouths” represent the people who speak. Alternate translation: “They speak lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -PSA 144 8 f1nz figs-metaphor 0 their right hand is falsehood Possible meanings are (1) David speaks of the custom of raising the right hand to swear that what one is about to say in court is true, “they lie even when they swear to tell the truth,” or (2) the “right hand” is a metaphor for power, “everything they have gotten, they have gotten by telling lies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 144 9 wz6d 0 new song Possible meanings are (1) “a song no one has ever sung before” or (2) “a song I have never sung before.” +PSA 144 8 f1nz figs-metaphor 0 their right hand is falsehood This could mean: (1) David speaks of the custom of raising the right hand to swear that what one is about to say in court is true, “they lie even when they swear to tell the truth,” or (2) the “right hand” is a metaphor for power, “everything they have gotten, they have gotten by telling lies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 144 9 wz6d 0 new song This could mean: (1) “a song no one has ever sung before” or (2) “a song I have never sung before.” PSA 144 10 rad1 0 who give…kings, who rescued You may end a sentence at the end of [Psalms 144:9](../144/009.md) and start a new sentence here. “you. It is you who give…kings. It is you who rescued” PSA 144 10 t9g4 0 David your servant David speaks of himself as if he were someone else. “me, David, your servant” PSA 144 10 r919 figs-metonymy 0 from an evil sword David speaks of evil people as if they were the swords they use as weapons. Alternate translation: “from evil people who were trying to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 144 11 a7t7 0 Rescue me and free me “Please rescue me and free me” PSA 144 11 iv5z figs-metonymy 0 from the hand of foreigners Here “hand” refers to power. See how you translated these words in [Psalms 144:7](./007.md). Alternate translation: “from the power of foreigners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 144 11 vu7l figs-synecdoche 0 Their mouths speak lies The people are represented by their “mouths.” See how you translated these words in [Psalms 144:8](./008.md). Alternate translation: “They speak lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -PSA 144 11 me9z figs-metaphor 0 their right hand is falsehood Possible meanings are (1) David speaks of the custom of raising the right hand to swear that what one is about to say in court is true, “they lie even when they swear to tell the truth,” or (2) the “right hand” is a metaphor for power, “everything they have gotten, they have gotten by telling lies.”See how you translated these words [Psalms 144:8](./008.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PSA 144 11 me9z figs-metaphor 0 their right hand is falsehood This could mean: (1) David speaks of the custom of raising the right hand to swear that what one is about to say in court is true, “they lie even when they swear to tell the truth,” or (2) the “right hand” is a metaphor for power, “everything they have gotten, they have gotten by telling lies.”See how you translated these words [Psalms 144:8](./008.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 144 12 mxt8 0 like plants who grow to full size healthy and strong PSA 144 12 jn5c 0 in their youth the time when people develop PSA 144 12 zf8s 0 our daughters like carved corner pillars “may our daughters be like carved corner pillars” @@ -5150,12 +5150,12 @@ PSA 147 7 x7xx 0 with a harp “while playing a harp” PSA 147 9 y81a figs-ellipsis 0 to the young ravens when they cry The verbal phrase can be supplied from the previous line. Alternate translation: “he gives food to the young ravens when they cry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) PSA 147 9 hrg8 0 when they cry “whey they chirp” or “when they call” PSA 147 10 ih2w 0 He finds no delight in the strength of a horse “Strong horses do not delight him” -PSA 147 10 vg8p figs-metonymy 0 the strong legs of a man Possible meanings are (1) “strong legs” is a metonym that represents how swiftly a man can run. Alternate translation: “men who can run swiftly” or (2) “strong legs” represents the strength of the whole man. Alternate translation: “how strong a man is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +PSA 147 10 vg8p figs-metonymy 0 the strong legs of a man This could mean: (1) “strong legs” is a metonym that represents how swiftly a man can run. Alternate translation: “men who can run swiftly” or (2) “strong legs” represents the strength of the whole man. Alternate translation: “how strong a man is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 147 11 fe9n figs-abstractnouns 0 who hope in his covenant faithfulness The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with and adjective. Alternate translation: “who trust him because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PSA 147 12 c1ra figs-personification 0 Jerusalem…Zion The writer speaks to Jerusalem, which he also calls Zion, as if it were a person. The names of the city are metonyms for the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “people of Jerusalem…people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 147 13 v5j1 figs-synecdoche 0 For he strengthens the bars of your gates The phrase “the bars of your gates” represent the city as a whole. Yahweh will make Jerusalem secure from enemy invasion. Alternate translation: “For he protects Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PSA 147 13 kjw5 figs-metaphor 0 he blesses…among you The writer speaks of those who live in Jerusalem as if they were Jerusalem’s children. Alternate translation: “he blesses those who live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PSA 147 14 jv5d 0 He brings prosperity “He brings peace.” Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh causes the people who live in Jerusalem to prosper materially and financially or (2) the word translated as “prosperity” means “peace” and Yahweh keeps Jerusalem safe from enemy attack. +PSA 147 14 jv5d 0 He brings prosperity “He brings peace.” This could mean: (1) Yahweh causes the people who live in Jerusalem to prosper materially and financially or (2) the word translated as “prosperity” means “peace” and Yahweh keeps Jerusalem safe from enemy attack. PSA 147 15 a37s figs-personification 0 his command runs very swiftly The writer describes God’s command as if it were a messenger that moves quickly to deliver God’s message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PSA 147 16 c1ee figs-simile 0 He makes the snow like wool, he scatters the frost like ashes These emphasize how easy it is for him to do these things. He covers the ground with snow as easily as a person covers something with a wool blanket. And, he removes the frost as easily as the wind blows ashes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) PSA 147 17 nl42 figs-simile 0 He dispenses the hail like crumbs Yahweh scatters hail as easily as a person would scatter bread crumbs. Alternate translation: “He dispenses the hail easily, as if it were crumbs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) @@ -5177,7 +5177,7 @@ PSA 148 4 vf7i figs-personification 0 you waters that are above the sky The wri PSA 148 4 ut7b 0 waters that are above the sky The writer speaks of a place above the sky where water is stored and from which the rain comes. PSA 148 5 ch3d figs-metonymy 0 Let them praise the name of Yahweh Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “Let them praise Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 148 5 tcm6 figs-activepassive 0 they were created This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he created them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -PSA 148 6 c9ty 0 he issued a decree that will never change Possible meanings are (1) “he gave a command that is permanent” or (2) “he gave a command that they will not disobey.” +PSA 148 6 c9ty 0 he issued a decree that will never change This could mean: (1) “he gave a command that is permanent” or (2) “he gave a command that they will not disobey.” PSA 148 6 n8cn 0 he issued “he gave” PSA 148 7 n48i figs-metonymy 0 all ocean depths This phrase represents every creature that lives in the depths of the oceans. Alternate translation: “all creatures in the ocean depths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 148 8 s17i figs-personification 0 fire and hail, snow and clouds, stormy wind The writer speaks to these natural phenomena as if they are people and commands them to praise Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) @@ -5194,10 +5194,10 @@ PSA 148 14 wv8t 0 for praise from all his faithful ones “so that all his fai PSA 148 14 n4ru figs-metaphor 0 the people near to him The writer speaks of Yahweh loving his people as if his people were physically close to him. Alternate translation: “the people he loves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PSA 149 intro au8i 0 # Psalm 149 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 149 is a worship psalm. It is the sixth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Praise<br>The people of Israel should praise God and conquer the other nations. PSA 149 1 p2dk figs-pronouns 0 General Information: The psalmist is speaking to all of God’s people, so you should use the plural command form if your language has one. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -PSA 149 1 e71a 0 a new song Possible meanings are (1) “a song you have never sung before” or (2) a song no one has ever sung before. +PSA 149 1 e71a 0 a new song This could mean: (1) “a song you have never sung before” or (2) a song no one has ever sung before. PSA 149 1 vlr1 0 sing his praise “praise him with songs” -PSA 149 2 r1nd 0 rejoice in the one who made them Possible meanings are (1) “rejoice because he made them” or (2) “rejoice because the one who made them is good.” -PSA 149 2 jyp7 0 rejoice in their king The words “their king” is likely a reference to God. Possible meanings are (1) “rejoice because he is their king” or (2) “rejoice because their king is good.” +PSA 149 2 r1nd 0 rejoice in the one who made them This could mean: (1) “rejoice because he made them” or (2) “rejoice because the one who made them is good.” +PSA 149 2 jyp7 0 rejoice in their king The words “their king” is likely a reference to God. This could mean: (1) “rejoice because he is their king” or (2) “rejoice because their king is good.” PSA 149 3 isj6 figs-metonymy 0 praise his name The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “praise him” or “tell people how great he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PSA 149 3 pu1i translate-unknown 0 tambourine a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) PSA 149 4 hrp8 figs-abstractnouns 0 glorifies the humble with salvation The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “glorifies the humble by saving them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) diff --git a/en_tn_20-PRO.tsv b/en_tn_20-PRO.tsv index dd632922b1..240e04d292 100644 --- a/en_tn_20-PRO.tsv +++ b/en_tn_20-PRO.tsv @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ PRO 1 12 b8bq 0 General Information: Verses 12-14 end the imagined statement o PRO 1 12 w4w6 figs-metaphor 0 Let us swallow them up alive, like Sheol takes away those who are healthy The sinners speak of murdering innocent people as if they were Sheol and they would take a living and healthy person down to the place where dead people go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 1 12 jg5z figs-personification 0 Let us swallow…like Sheol takes away This speaks of the grave as if it were a person that swallows humans and takes them down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PRO 1 12 kea4 0 like Sheol takes away those who are healthy The wicked expect to destroy their victims in the same way Sheol, the place of the dead, takes away even healthy people. -PRO 1 12 ayt4 0 make them like those who fall into the pit Possible meanings are (1) this refers to travelers who fall into a deep hole where no one will ever find them or (2) here “pit” is another word that means Sheol or the place where dead people go. +PRO 1 12 ayt4 0 make them like those who fall into the pit This could mean: (1) this refers to travelers who fall into a deep hole where no one will ever find them or (2) here “pit” is another word that means Sheol or the place where dead people go. PRO 1 14 x2p6 figs-idiom 0 Throw in your lot with us This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Join us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PRO 1 14 l56r figs-metonymy 0 we will all have one purse together Here “purse” represents everything that they steal. Alternate translation: “we will equally share everything that we steal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 1 14 ci4y 0 purse a bag for carrying money @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ PRO 1 20 xza5 figs-personification 0 General Information: In 1:20-1:33 Wisdom i PRO 1 20 pj5i figs-personification 0 Wisdom cries aloud If your language does not allow you to treat wisdom as a woman shouting to the people in the city, you might try something like “Grandmother Wisdom cries aloud” or “Honored Miss Wisdom cries aloud” or “Wisdom is like a woman who cries aloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PRO 1 20 u7zc figs-idiom 0 raises her voice This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “speaks with a loud voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PRO 1 20 pj5v figs-explicit 0 in the open places This means places where there would be a lot of people. Alternate translation: “in the markets” or “in the town squares” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -PRO 1 21 ggk1 0 at the head of the noisy streets Possible meanings are (1) “head” refers to the place where busy streets intersect or (2) “head” refers to the top of a wall where people on noisy streets could see and hear wisdom speaking. +PRO 1 21 ggk1 0 at the head of the noisy streets This could mean: (1) “head” refers to the place where busy streets intersect or (2) “head” refers to the top of a wall where people on noisy streets could see and hear wisdom speaking. PRO 1 22 jk3x figs-rquestion 0 How long, you naive people, will you love being naive? Wisdom uses this question to rebuke those who are not wise. Alternate translation: “You who are naive must stop loving being naive.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PRO 1 22 v3nj 0 naive inexperienced or immature PRO 1 22 j83h figs-rquestion 0 How long, you mockers, will you delight in mockery, and how long, you fools, will you hate knowledge? Wisdom uses this question to rebuke the mockers and the fools. Alternate translation: “You who mock must stop delighting in mockery, and you fools must stop hating knowledge.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ PRO 2 7 jn6b figs-metaphor 0 He stores up sound wisdom for those who please him PRO 2 7 dv7k 0 sound “dependable” PRO 2 7 m2mi figs-metaphor 0 he is a shield for those Yahweh being able to protect his people is spoken of as if he were a shield. Alternate translation: “God protects those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 2 7 u4zr figs-metaphor 0 who walk in integrity A person behaving with integrity is spoken of as if they were walking in integrity. Alternate translation: “who behave with integrity” or “who live their lives as they should” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PRO 2 8 qt7r figs-metaphor 0 he guards the paths of justice Possible meanings are (1) justice itself is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God makes sure that people act justly” or (2) a person’s life is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God protects those who act justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PRO 2 8 qt7r figs-metaphor 0 he guards the paths of justice This could mean: (1) justice itself is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God makes sure that people act justly” or (2) a person’s life is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God protects those who act justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 2 8 t2qd figs-metaphor 0 preserve the way of his faithful ones A person’s life is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Alternate translation: “protect those who are faithful to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 2 9 qn9x 0 equity fairness PRO 2 9 ex8y figs-metaphor 0 every good path A behavior that is wise and pleases Yahweh is spoken of as if it were a good path. Alternate translation: “ways to live that are pleasing to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -112,11 +112,11 @@ PRO 2 16 erj5 0 General Information: The father continues to teach his child h PRO 2 16 p5k9 figs-personification 0 Wisdom and discretion will save you The writer speaks of wisdom and discretion as if they were people who save the one who possesses them. Alternate translation: “If you have wisdom and discretion, you will save yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PRO 2 17 c2iu 0 the companion of her youth This refers to her husband, whom she married when she was young. PRO 2 17 awb4 0 the covenant of her God This likely refers to the marriage covenant that she made with her husband in the presence of God. -PRO 2 18 dn9d 0 her house sinks down to death Possible meanings are (1) “going to her house leads to death” or (2) “the road to her house is the road to death.” -PRO 2 18 kl7y figs-metaphor 0 her tracks will lead you Possible meanings are (1) “the paths to her house will lead you.” This refers to the tracks or path that lead to her house, or (2) this is a metaphor that speaks of her way of life as if it were a path on which she walks. Alternate translation: “her way of life will lead you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PRO 2 18 dn9d 0 her house sinks down to death This could mean: (1) “going to her house leads to death” or (2) “the road to her house is the road to death.” +PRO 2 18 kl7y figs-metaphor 0 her tracks will lead you This could mean: (1) “the paths to her house will lead you.” This refers to the tracks or path that lead to her house, or (2) this is a metaphor that speaks of her way of life as if it were a path on which she walks. Alternate translation: “her way of life will lead you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 2 18 hwl4 figs-metonymy 0 to those in the grave This refers to the spirits of dead people and is a metonym for the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “to the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 2 19 n7tg figs-euphemism 0 go in to her This means to go into her house to sleep with her, as one would with a prostitute. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -PRO 2 19 zg4r 0 they will not find the paths of life Possible meanings are (1) “they will not return to the land of the living” or (2) “they will never live a happy life again.” +PRO 2 19 zg4r 0 they will not find the paths of life This could mean: (1) “they will not return to the land of the living” or (2) “they will never live a happy life again.” PRO 2 20 ts71 0 So The writer tells the result of getting understanding and discretion. PRO 2 20 fiw6 figs-metaphor 0 you will walk in the way…follow the paths A person’s conduct is spoken of as if it were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “you will live in the way…follow the example” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 2 22 r5sm figs-metaphor 0 the wicked will be cut off from the land The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will remove the wicked from the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ PRO 3 20 b6d2 0 dew water that forms on the ground at night PRO 3 21 xa9f figs-metaphor 0 do not lose sight of them The writer speaks of not forgetting something as if it were always being able to see it. Alternate translation: “do not forget them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 3 22 mr5l figs-synecdoche 0 They will be life to your soul Here the word “soul” represents the person. Alternate translation: “They will be life for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PRO 3 22 x4q3 figs-metaphor 0 an adornment of favor to wear around your neck The writer speaks of “sound judgment” and “discernment” as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. Alternate translation: “a display of favor like one would adorn themselves with a necklace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PRO 3 22 r2k8 0 adornment of favor Possible meanings are (1) “a favorable adornment” or (2) “an adornment that displays Yahweh’s favor.” +PRO 3 22 r2k8 0 adornment of favor This could mean: (1) “a favorable adornment” or (2) “an adornment that displays Yahweh’s favor.” PRO 3 23 k64j figs-metaphor 0 you will walk on your way in safety The writer speaks of living one’s life as if the person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “you will live your life in safety” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 3 23 d5hd figs-synecdoche 0 your foot will not stumble The word “foot” represents the whole person. The writer speaks of doing wrong as if a person stumbled over an object in his path. Alternate translation: “you will not do things that are wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 3 24 f69h figs-explicit 0 when you lie down It is implied that a person lies down in order to sleep. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “when you lie down to sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ PRO 4 15 cr8d 0 Avoid it “Avoid the path of the wicked” PRO 4 16 n1jz figs-hyperbole 0 they cannot sleep until they do evil They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) PRO 4 16 a2jq figs-hyperbole 0 they are robbed of sleep The writer speaks of people being unable to sleep as if sleep were an object that someone stole from them. They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. Alternate translation: “they are unable to sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 4 16 bvp7 figs-metaphor 0 until they cause someone to stumble The writer speaks of causing harm to another person as if it were causing that person to stumble. Alternate translation: “until they harm someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PRO 4 17 vfi9 figs-metaphor 0 they eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of these people constantly committing wickedness and violence as if they ate and drank them like one would drink bread and wine. Alternate translation: “wickedness is like the bread that they eat and violence is like the wine that they drink” or (2) these people get their food and drink by committing wickedness and violence. Alternate translation: “they eat bread that they obtain by doing wicked things and drink wine that they obtain through violence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PRO 4 17 vfi9 figs-metaphor 0 they eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of these people constantly committing wickedness and violence as if they ate and drank them like one would drink bread and wine. Alternate translation: “wickedness is like the bread that they eat and violence is like the wine that they drink” or (2) these people get their food and drink by committing wickedness and violence. Alternate translation: “they eat bread that they obtain by doing wicked things and drink wine that they obtain through violence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 4 18 w7hu figs-metaphor 0 the path of righteous people The writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of righteous people as if they were a “path” or “way” upon which they walk. Alternate translation: “the lifestyle of righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 4 18 etf9 figs-simile 0 the path of righteous people is like the first light that grows brighter The writer compares the path of righteous people to the sunrise, meaning that they are safe because they have light to see where they are walking. Alternate translation: “righteous people walk along their path safely because the morning sun shines on it and grows brighter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) PRO 4 18 i5k7 0 the first light This refers to the dawn or sunrise. @@ -245,15 +245,15 @@ PRO 5 1 vi27 0 General Information: The writer speaks as a father teaching his PRO 5 1 nl9h figs-synecdoche 0 incline your ears Here the word “ears” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ears are closer to the one speaking. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “listen attentively” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 5 2 cei4 0 discretion Discretion is the quality of being careful with regard to one’s actions and speech. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md). PRO 5 2 la7f figs-synecdoche 0 your lips may protect knowledge Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. The writer speaks of a person being careful only to say what is true as if the person’s lips were protecting knowledge. Alternate translation: “you will speak only what is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PRO 5 3 zxr9 figs-metonymy 0 the lips of an adulteress drip with honey Possible meanings are (1) the word “lips” represents the words of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the attractiveness of her words as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the words of an adulteress are sweet, as if dripping with honey” or (2) the writer speaks of the allure of kissing the adulteress as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the kisses of an adulteress are sweet, as if her lips dripped with honey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PRO 5 3 z9rm figs-metonymy 0 her mouth is smoother than oil Possible meanings are (1) the word “mouth” represents the speech of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the persuasiveness of her speech as if her mouth were smoother than olive oil. Alternate translation: “her speech is persuasive and smoother than olive oil” or (2) the writer speaks of the pleasure of kissing the adulteress as if her mouth were smoother than oil. Alternate translation: “her kisses are smoother than olive oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PRO 5 3 zxr9 figs-metonymy 0 the lips of an adulteress drip with honey This could mean: (1) the word “lips” represents the words of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the attractiveness of her words as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the words of an adulteress are sweet, as if dripping with honey” or (2) the writer speaks of the allure of kissing the adulteress as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the kisses of an adulteress are sweet, as if her lips dripped with honey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PRO 5 3 z9rm figs-metonymy 0 her mouth is smoother than oil This could mean: (1) the word “mouth” represents the speech of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the persuasiveness of her speech as if her mouth were smoother than olive oil. Alternate translation: “her speech is persuasive and smoother than olive oil” or (2) the writer speaks of the pleasure of kissing the adulteress as if her mouth were smoother than oil. Alternate translation: “her kisses are smoother than olive oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 5 4 pd3g figs-metaphor 0 but in the end she is as bitter as wormwood The writer speaks of the harm that comes from having a relationship with an adulteress as if she tasted as bitter as wormwood. Alternate translation: “but in the end, she is like bitter-tasting wormwood and will cause you harm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 5 4 m3sn 0 wormwood a plant that tastes bitter PRO 5 4 jy84 figs-metaphor 0 cutting like a sharp sword The writer speaks of the pain that the adulteress will cause to the one who has a relationship with her as if she were a sharp weapon that cuts the person. Alternate translation: “she wounds a person, as if she were a sharp sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 5 5 kc88 figs-synecdoche 0 Her feet go down to death Here “her feet” represent the adulteress as she walks. The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “She is walking along a path that leads to death” or “Her lifestyle leads to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 5 5 g7qf figs-metaphor 0 her steps go all the way to Sheol The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “she walks all the way to Sheol” or “her conduct takes her all the way to Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 5 6 nxc1 figs-metaphor 0 She gives no thought to the path of life The writer speaks of behavior that gives a person long life as if it were a path that leads to life. Alternate translation: “She does not think about walking along the path that leads to life” or “She is not concerned about conduct that leads to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PRO 5 6 iki3 0 Her footsteps wander Possible meanings are (1) “She wanders about as if she were lost” or (2) “She walks along the wrong path.” +PRO 5 6 iki3 0 Her footsteps wander This could mean: (1) “She wanders about as if she were lost” or (2) “She walks along the wrong path.” PRO 5 7 dwp8 0 Now Here the teacher shifts from warning about the adulteress to giving advice. PRO 5 7 ry9i figs-parallelism 0 listen to me…do not turn away from listening These two phrases express the same idea to make the student pay attention. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PRO 5 7 e4q8 figs-metaphor 0 do not turn away from listening The writer speaks of stopping an action as if the person physically turned away from it. Alternate translation: “do not stop listening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -281,16 +281,16 @@ PRO 5 16 ss2w 0 public squares Open areas in a city or town where two or more PRO 5 17 f7ge 0 Let them be The word “them” refers to the “springs” and “streams of water” and what they stand for. PRO 5 17 s9wf 0 not for strangers with you “do not share them with strangers” PRO 5 18 xd81 figs-metaphor 0 May your fountain be blessed The writer speaks of the son’s wife as if she were a fountain. Here the word “blessed” refers to the sense of joy that the man has in his wife. Alternate translation: “May you always find joy with your wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PRO 5 18 tz7f 0 the wife of your youth Possible meanings are (1) “the wife whom you married when you were young” or (2) “your young wife.” +PRO 5 18 tz7f 0 the wife of your youth This could mean: (1) “the wife whom you married when you were young” or (2) “your young wife.” PRO 5 19 n93j figs-metaphor 0 she is a loving deer and a graceful doe The writer speaks of the son’s wife as if she were “a loving deer and a graceful doe.” Here “deer” and “doe” mean a female deer. They were symbols of beauty both in their appearance and in their movements. Alternate translation: “she is as beautiful and graceful as a deer or a doe” or “she is as beautiful and graceful as a female deer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 5 19 dv45 0 graceful This word does not mean “full of grace,” but “beautiful while moving.” -PRO 5 19 x1vq figs-synecdoche 0 Let her breasts satisfy you Possible meanings are (1) the wife’s breasts excite the husband’s sexual desire and possibly represent the wife’s entire body. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts satisfy your desires” or “Let her body satisfy your desires” or (2) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of the wife’s breasts satisfying the husband’s desires as they would satisfy the thirst of a hungry baby. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts fill you with delight as a mother’s breasts fill her child with food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PRO 5 19 x1vq figs-synecdoche 0 Let her breasts satisfy you This could mean: (1) the wife’s breasts excite the husband’s sexual desire and possibly represent the wife’s entire body. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts satisfy your desires” or “Let her body satisfy your desires” or (2) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of the wife’s breasts satisfying the husband’s desires as they would satisfy the thirst of a hungry baby. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts fill you with delight as a mother’s breasts fill her child with food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 5 19 pb8m figs-activepassive 0 may you be continually intoxicated by her love Intense excitement and joy from the romantic love of one’s wife is spoken of as if he was drunk from that love. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let her love control you as alcohol controls someone who is drunk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -PRO 5 19 elf2 0 by her love Possible meanings are (1) “by your love for her” or (2) “by her love for you.” +PRO 5 19 elf2 0 by her love This could mean: (1) “by your love for her” or (2) “by her love for you.” PRO 5 20 d78f figs-rquestion 0 For why should you, my son, be captivated by an adulteress; why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral woman? The writer asks these rhetorical questions to emphasize that his son must not do these things. Alternate translation: “My son, do not be captivated by an adulteress! Do not embrace the breasts of an immoral woman!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PRO 5 20 z71k figs-activepassive 0 be captivated by an adulteress Intense excitement that arises from the desire for a woman is spoken of as if he were being held captive by that woman. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “allow an adulteress to captivate you” or “allow an adulteress to fascinate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PRO 5 20 zr1u figs-synecdoche 0 why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral woman Here the word “breasts” represents the immoral woman and her sexual attractiveness. Alternate translation: “why should you embrace an immoral woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -PRO 5 20 x9gw 0 an immoral woman Possible meanings are (1) “a woman who is not your wife” or (2) “a woman who is another man’s wife.” +PRO 5 20 x9gw 0 an immoral woman This could mean: (1) “a woman who is not your wife” or (2) “a woman who is another man’s wife.” PRO 5 21 jh86 figs-parallelism 0 sees everything…watches all the paths These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God knows everything that everyone does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PRO 5 21 p1ar figs-metaphor 0 all the paths he takes The writer speaks of a person’s actions or lifestyle as if it were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “everywhere he goes” or “everything he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 5 22 u9ya figs-personification 0 A wicked person will be seized by his own iniquities The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities as if those iniquities were people who capture the wicked person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A wicked person’s own iniquities will seize him” or “A wicked person will be unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ PRO 5 23 x16k figs-activepassive 0 he is led astray by his great foolishness Th PRO 5 23 n1a7 0 by his great foolishness “because he is very foolish” PRO 6 intro xq95 0 # Proverbs 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 6 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### My Son<br><br>Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.<br><br>### Adulteress<br><br>The latter part of this chapter comes back to the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])<br><br>### Numbers<br><br>Occasionally, the author will mention a list of six things, or seven things, that Yahweh hates. These numbers are used to draw attention to the list of things. It is not important whether there are six or seven things in the list.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>The author will use rhetorical questions to draw the reader’s attention to important points. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Animals used as types<br><br>The gazelle and the ant have certain characteristics which the author uses to give wisdom. If your language does not recognize these characteristics in those animals, you could add a footnote to explain or possibly substitute another animal from your culture that would help explain the same concept. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) PRO 6 1 sb1b figs-explicit 0 set aside your money Implied here is that your promise and the circumstances forced you to save up your money. Alternate translation: “had to save up some of your money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -PRO 6 1 z256 0 a guarantee for your neighbor’s loan Possible meanings are (1) your neighbor may come to you to ask for a loan or (2) your neighbor wants to take out a loan from someone else, but you promise to pay the lender back if your neighbor cannot. +PRO 6 1 z256 0 a guarantee for your neighbor’s loan This could mean: (1) your neighbor may come to you to ask for a loan or (2) your neighbor wants to take out a loan from someone else, but you promise to pay the lender back if your neighbor cannot. PRO 6 1 p3wd 0 neighbor This same Hebrew word can also mean “friend.” PRO 6 2 p9iu figs-idiom 0 you have laid a trap for yourself This is a figure of speech saying that you are going to trap yourself. Alternate translation: “you have made a trap in which you yourself are caught” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PRO 6 2 qta7 0 the words of your mouth “what you said” or “what you promised to do” @@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ PRO 6 25 m7d2 figs-metonymy 0 her beauty “what is beautiful about her.” Thi PRO 6 25 f4km 0 capture you “gain control over you” PRO 6 25 vnr8 figs-synecdoche 0 her eyelashes The “eyelashes” stand for the beautiful things about her body that she uses to catch a man’s attention. Alternate translation: “her beautiful eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PRO 6 26 p3jv 0 the price of a loaf of bread This is talking about the material cost, not the spiritual cost or the moral cost. Alternate translation: “a little bit” -PRO 6 26 k5fu 0 may cost you your very life Possible meanings are (1) the wife of another man will destroy your life because she always wants more or (2) the husband of the other woman will hunt you down and kill you. +PRO 6 26 k5fu 0 may cost you your very life This could mean: (1) the wife of another man will destroy your life because she always wants more or (2) the husband of the other woman will hunt you down and kill you. PRO 6 27 gzh2 figs-rquestion 0 Can a man carry a fire against his chest without burning his clothes? This action would be very dangerous and would cause harm. The implied answer to the question is “no.” Alternate translation: “Every man who carries a fire in his chest will burn his clothes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PRO 6 27 sew8 0 without burning “without destroying” or “and not destroy” PRO 6 27 pt18 figs-metonymy 0 his clothes His clothes stand for him as a whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ PRO 7 1 at6w figs-metaphor 0 keep my words Here keeping represents obeying. Alt PRO 7 1 k635 figs-metaphor 0 store up my commands within yourself Here God’s commands are spoken of as if they were objects that someone could put into a storeroom. Alternate translation: “memorize my commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 7 2 a8m4 figs-metaphor 0 keep my instruction Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: “obey my instructions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 7 2 xfb2 figs-idiom 0 as the apple of your eye The apple of the eye is the pupil inside the eye, which people normally instinctively protect when an object flies at their face. Here “the apple of the eye” represents whatever a person values and protects the most. Alternate translation: “as your most valuable possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -PRO 7 3 g5jv figs-metaphor 0 Tie them on your fingers Possible meanings are (1) that the writer wanted his son to engrave certain commands from God on a ring and wear it, or (2) that the writer wanted his son to always remember God’s commands, as if he always wore a certain ring. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PRO 7 3 g5jv figs-metaphor 0 Tie them on your fingers This could mean: (1) that the writer wanted his son to engrave certain commands from God on a ring and wear it, or (2) that the writer wanted his son to always remember God’s commands, as if he always wore a certain ring. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 7 3 c4yy figs-metaphor 0 write them on the tablet of your heart Here the heart represents a person’s mind, and remembering something well is spoken of as if the person were writing it on a stone tablet. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:3](../03/03.md). Alternate translation: “remember my commands well as if you were writing them in stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 7 4 jn44 figs-personification 0 Say to wisdom, “You are my sister Here wisdom is spoken of as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “Value wisdom as you would love your sister” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PRO 7 4 z4x8 figs-personification 0 call understanding your kinsman Here the quality of understanding is spoken of as if it were a kinsman or relative. Alternate translation: “treat understanding as you would treat your kinsman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) @@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ PRO 13 6 gt48 figs-personification 0 Righteousness protects those “Righteousn PRO 13 6 iac2 figs-metonymy 0 who are faultless in their path Here “path” represents how a person directs his life. Alternate translation: “who are faultless in their way of living” or “who live lives of integrity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 13 6 r21h figs-personification 0 wickedness turns away those who commit sin Here “wickedness” represents an evil conduct of life. This quality acts like a person who turns away those who commit sin. Alternate translation: “wickedness turns sinners away from a successful path” or “wickedness ruins sinners’ lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PRO 13 7 z16h 0 who enriches himself “who makes himself rich” -PRO 13 8 mre8 0 does not hear a threat Possible meanings are (1) no one will threaten to steal from him because he has nothing anyone would want to steal or (2) he will not listen when people correct him because he has nothing to lose if they punish him. Alternate translation: “does not listen to rebuke” +PRO 13 8 mre8 0 does not hear a threat This could mean: (1) no one will threaten to steal from him because he has nothing anyone would want to steal or (2) he will not listen when people correct him because he has nothing to lose if they punish him. Alternate translation: “does not listen to rebuke” PRO 13 9 ev8k figs-metaphor 0 The light of righteous people rejoices Here the light represents the righteous person’s life or good behavior, and rejoicing represents causing people to rejoice. Alternate translation: “The life of a righteous person is like a light that causes people to rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 13 9 ibt9 figs-metaphor 0 the lamp of wicked people will be put out Here the lamp represents the life or behavior of wicked people, and “be put out” is an idiom that means that a fire is stopped. The lamp being put out represents either the person dying or the person’s life not giving any joy. Alternate translation: “the lives of wicked people are like a lamp whose fire will be stopped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PRO 13 10 c8hy 0 Pride only breeds conflict “Pride always causes conflict” @@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ PRO 13 25 a593 0 he satisfies his appetite “he has satisfied himself” or PRO 13 25 azl9 figs-metonymy 0 the stomach of the wicked is always hungry Here “stomach” represents the desires of a person. Alternate translation: “the wicked person is always hungry for more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 14 intro gbj2 0 # Proverbs 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 14 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) PRO 14 1 r3rp 0 builds her house “builds up her house” or “makes her house better” -PRO 14 1 tv3l 0 house Possible meanings are (1) this may refer to her actual house, that is the building she lives in or (2) this may refer to her family. +PRO 14 1 tv3l 0 house This could mean: (1) this may refer to her actual house, that is the building she lives in or (2) this may refer to her family. PRO 14 1 l2y8 figs-synecdoche 0 with her own hands The woman is represented by her “hands.” Alternate translation: “by herself” or “by the way she behaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PRO 14 2 qgn4 0 The one who…the one who “The person who…the person who” PRO 14 2 qnc4 figs-metaphor 0 walks uprightly “Walks” represents the conduct of life. Alternate translation: “conducts his life in a just and honest way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ PRO 15 5 kix4 figs-abstractnouns 0 he who learns from correction The word “co PRO 15 5 x86t 0 is prudent “is wise” PRO 15 6 h7yy figs-abstractnouns 0 the earnings of the wicked person give The word “earnings” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the wealth that a wicked person earns gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PRO 15 7 tk6t figs-metaphor 0 The lips of wise people scatter knowledge about The word “lips” represents what wise people say. The writer speaks of knowledge as if it were seeds that wise people scatter around when they speak. Alternate translation: “The speech of wise people spreads knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PRO 15 7 wet2 figs-synecdoche 0 not so the hearts of fools Possible meanings are (1) the word “hearts” is synecdoche for the fools themselves and means that they do not scatter knowledge like wise people do. Alternate translation: “fools do not scatter knowledge about” or (2) fools do not have knowledge in their hearts, with “hearts” being a metonym for the thoughts. Alternate translation: “fools do not understand knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PRO 15 7 wet2 figs-synecdoche 0 not so the hearts of fools This could mean: (1) the word “hearts” is synecdoche for the fools themselves and means that they do not scatter knowledge like wise people do. Alternate translation: “fools do not scatter knowledge about” or (2) fools do not have knowledge in their hearts, with “hearts” being a metonym for the thoughts. Alternate translation: “fools do not understand knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 15 8 a5ry 0 upright people “people who live rightly” PRO 15 8 fci9 0 is his delight “pleases him” PRO 15 9 ui9i figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh hates the way of wicked people The lifestyles of wicked people are spoken of as if they are paths on which those people walk. Alternate translation: “Yahweh hates the way that wicked people live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -894,23 +894,23 @@ PRO 15 28 zzd4 figs-metaphor 0 the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evi PRO 15 28 zr4l 0 the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil It may be more natural in you language to translate all these words as either singular or plural. Alternate translation: “the mouth of the wicked person pours out all its evil” or “the mouths of wicked people pour out all their evil” PRO 15 29 nq5q figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh is far away from wicked people The writer speaks of Yahweh not listening to wicked people as if he were physically far away from them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does not listen to wicked people” or “Yahweh does not answer wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 15 30 msq2 figs-metaphor 0 The light of the eyes The writer speaks of an expression of joy on one’s face as if the person’s eyes emitted light. Alternate translation: “A cheerful expression” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PRO 15 30 d2bg figs-synecdoche 0 brings joy to the heart The word “heart” represents the person. Possible meanings are (1) the person who has a cheerful expression becomes joyful or (2) other people become joyful when they see someone with a cheerful expression. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +PRO 15 30 d2bg figs-synecdoche 0 brings joy to the heart The word “heart” represents the person. This could mean: (1) the person who has a cheerful expression becomes joyful or (2) other people become joyful when they see someone with a cheerful expression. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PRO 15 30 hhj8 figs-synecdoche 0 good news is health to the body Here the word “body” represents the person. Alternate translation: “receiving good news makes a person feel good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -PRO 15 31 vet3 0 you will remain among wise people Possible meanings are (1) people will continue to consider you to be a wise person or (2) you will continue to enjoy the company of wise people. +PRO 15 31 vet3 0 you will remain among wise people This could mean: (1) people will continue to consider you to be a wise person or (2) you will continue to enjoy the company of wise people. PRO 15 32 l9cd figs-abstractnouns 0 listens to correction The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “listens when others correct him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PRO 15 33 nhk9 figs-abstractnouns 0 The fear of Yahweh teaches wisdom The words “fear” and “wisdom” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “When one fears Yahweh, he will learn to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PRO 15 33 t56g 0 The fear of Yahweh See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md). PRO 15 33 w2h2 0 humility comes before honor This means that a person must first learn humility before Yahweh will honor him. PRO 16 intro mu2u 0 # Proverbs 16 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 16 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### King and royalty<br><br>Some of these proverbs mention a king. As in other cases, this is intended to apply to all rulers.<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) PRO 16 1 bqu9 figs-metonymy 0 The plans of the heart belong to a person Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “A person makes plans in his mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PRO 16 1 hf8a figs-metaphor 0 from Yahweh comes the answer from his tongue Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh speaks his answer to a person’s plans, which is a metaphor meaning that Yahweh determines the outcome of that person’s plans or (2) Yahweh enables a person to speak words about the plans that he has made. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PRO 16 1 hf8a figs-metaphor 0 from Yahweh comes the answer from his tongue This could mean: (1) Yahweh speaks his answer to a person’s plans, which is a metaphor meaning that Yahweh determines the outcome of that person’s plans or (2) Yahweh enables a person to speak words about the plans that he has made. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 16 1 j1hu figs-synecdoche 0 the answer from his tongue The person is represented by his “tongue” to emphasize his speech. Alternate translation: “the answer that he speaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PRO 16 2 m6li figs-metaphor 0 All of a person’s ways are pure in his own eyes The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that everything he does is pure” or “A person judges everything he does as pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 16 2 ky4t figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh weighs the spirits Here the word “spirits” represents people’s desires and motives. The writer speaks of Yahweh discerning and judging a person’s desires and motives as if he were weighing that person’s spirit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh judges the person’s motives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 16 4 ccq1 figs-ellipsis 0 even the wicked for the day of trouble The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “he has made even the wicked for the day of trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) PRO 16 5 lkb8 figs-synecdoche 0 everyone who has an arrogant heart Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “everyone who is arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PRO 16 5 cq2g figs-litotes 0 they will not go unpunished The two negatives in this phrase strongly emphasize the positive. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will certainly punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -PRO 16 6 t6t9 figs-abstractnouns 0 By covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness iniquity is atoned for The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant and trustworthy he forgives people’s sins” or (2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the sins of those who are faithful to the covenant and trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +PRO 16 6 t6t9 figs-abstractnouns 0 By covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness iniquity is atoned for The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can be stated in active form. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant and trustworthy he forgives people’s sins” or (2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the sins of those who are faithful to the covenant and trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PRO 16 6 sn15 figs-metaphor 0 people turn away from evil The writer speaks of people no longer doing evil things as if they were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “people stop doing evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 16 7 i6tc 0 he makes “Yahweh makes” PRO 16 8 u992 0 a large income “earning a lot of money” @@ -920,7 +920,7 @@ PRO 16 9 y8rt figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh directs his steps The writer speaks of Yah PRO 16 10 ak2q figs-metonymy 0 Insightful decisions are on the lips of a king Here the word “lips” is a metonym for what the king says. Alternate translation: “What a king says are insightful decisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 16 10 ul24 figs-synecdoche 0 his mouth should not betray justice The word “mouth” represents the king himself. Alternate translation: “he should not speak deceitfully when he judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PRO 16 11 hb1i figs-explicit 0 Honest scales come from Yahweh Yahweh requires justice and fairness when doing business. Dishonest people used heavier or lighter weights in their scales in order to gain more when buying or selling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -PRO 16 11 c4kd 0 all the weights in the bag are his work Merchants carried their weights in bags. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh has determined how much every weight must weigh or (2) Yahweh is concerned with every weight that a merchant uses. +PRO 16 11 c4kd 0 all the weights in the bag are his work Merchants carried their weights in bags. This could mean: (1) Yahweh has determined how much every weight must weigh or (2) Yahweh is concerned with every weight that a merchant uses. PRO 16 12 tie4 figs-activepassive 0 that is something to be despised This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that is something that people despise” or “that is something that Yahweh despises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PRO 16 12 yr8j figs-metonymy 0 for a throne is established by doing what is right Here the word “throne” represents the king’s rule. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the king establishes his reign by doing what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PRO 16 13 sfa1 figs-synecdoche 0 lips that say what is right Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “a person who speaks the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) @@ -964,7 +964,7 @@ PRO 16 31 aj89 figs-metaphor 0 Gray hair is a crown of glory The writer speaks PRO 16 31 y1am figs-activepassive 0 it is gained This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a person gains it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PRO 16 32 x3rg figs-metaphor 0 one who rules his spirit The writer speaks of a person being able to control his own temper and emotions as if he ruled over his spirit like a king rules his people. Alternate translation: “one who controls his temper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 16 33 ei8c figs-activepassive 0 The lots are cast into the lap This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person throws the lots into his lap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -PRO 16 33 js5x 0 the decision is from Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh decides how the lots will land or (2) it is not the lots, but Yahweh who determines what will happen. +PRO 16 33 js5x 0 the decision is from Yahweh This could mean: (1) Yahweh decides how the lots will land or (2) it is not the lots, but Yahweh who determines what will happen. PRO 17 intro br3v 0 # Proverbs 17 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) PRO 17 1 ecu4 figs-metonymy 0 to have quiet Here “quiet” refers to “peace.” Alternate translation: “to have peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 17 1 p2y8 figs-ellipsis 0 than a house full of feasting with strife The words “to have” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “than to have a house full of feasting with strife” or “than to be in a house full of feasting where there is strife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) @@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ PRO 18 1 r3yq 0 sound judgment “good judgment” or “wise choices” PRO 18 2 u731 figs-litotes 0 A fool finds no pleasure in understanding, but only “A fool does not care about understanding, but only about” This means the fool considers “understanding” the opposite of pleasure. Alternate translation: “A fool detests understanding and only finds pleasure in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) PRO 18 2 ey4y figs-explicit 0 but only in revealing what is in his own heart This means that the fool only finds pleasure in telling other people what he feels and desires in his heart. Alternate translation: “but only in telling others what is in his own heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PRO 18 2 yp8r figs-metonymy 0 what is in his own heart The contents of a person’s heart refers to the person’s thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “what he thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PRO 18 3 fw1y figs-personification 0 contempt comes with him—along with shame and reproach Here “contempt,” “shame,” and “reproach” are spoken of as if they are people who accompany a wicked man. Possible meanings are (1) people show contempt towards the wicked man and cause him to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “people feel contempt for him along with shame and reproach” or (2) the wicked man shows contempt for others and causes them to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “he shows his contempt for other people and causes them to feel shame and reproach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +PRO 18 3 fw1y figs-personification 0 contempt comes with him—along with shame and reproach Here “contempt,” “shame,” and “reproach” are spoken of as if they are people who accompany a wicked man. This could mean: (1) people show contempt towards the wicked man and cause him to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “people feel contempt for him along with shame and reproach” or (2) the wicked man shows contempt for others and causes them to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “he shows his contempt for other people and causes them to feel shame and reproach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) PRO 18 3 ps5e figs-doublet 0 shame and reproach These two words have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize the “shame” felt by either the wicked man or other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) PRO 18 4 izv2 figs-parallelism 0 The words of a man’s mouth are deep waters;…the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream These two lines are parallel and it is implied that the man in the first line is a wise man. Alternate translation: “The words of a wise man’s mouth are deep waters;…the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PRO 18 4 nv82 figs-metaphor 0 The words of a man’s mouth are deep waters This speaks of a wise man’s words being profound as if they were profound and as deep as deep waters. Alternate translation: “The words of a man’s mouth are as profound as deep waters” or “The words of a man’s mouth are deep and profound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ PRO 19 16 ik59 figs-idiom 0 his ways This is an idiom which refers to how he li PRO 19 17 zw6r figs-metaphor 0 Whoever is kind to the poor lends to Yahweh Yahweh considers kindness shown to the poor to be kindness shown to him. One of the ways people are kind to the poor is by giving. Alternate translation: “The person who gives to the poor is giving to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 19 17 qx9d figs-nominaladj 0 the poor This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) PRO 19 18 nw29 figs-explicit 0 while there is hope This refers to while the child is young and will still accept discipline and instruction. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “while he is young” or “while he can still be taught” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -PRO 19 18 md5c figs-explicit 0 and do not set your desire on putting him to death Possible meanings are (1) this phrase describes punishing your child. Alternate translation: “but do not punish him so severely that he might die” or (2) this phrase describes what it is like if you do not punish your child. Alternate translation: “for if you do not punish him you are helping him destroy himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +PRO 19 18 md5c figs-explicit 0 and do not set your desire on putting him to death This could mean: (1) this phrase describes punishing your child. Alternate translation: “but do not punish him so severely that he might die” or (2) this phrase describes what it is like if you do not punish your child. Alternate translation: “for if you do not punish him you are helping him destroy himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PRO 19 18 hky1 figs-idiom 0 set your desire on putting him This idiom means to be determined to cause something to happen. Alternate translation: “be determined to put him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PRO 19 19 n85t figs-idiom 0 A hot-tempered person This idiom refers to a person who is easily angered. Alternate translation: “A person who does not control his temper” or “A person who becomes angry quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PRO 19 19 f2vs figs-idiom 0 must pay the penalty This refers to the person bearing the consequences for what happens when he gets angry. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “must bear the consequences of his anger” or “must bear the consequences of what he does in his anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ PRO 19 25 zh2b 0 naive person “inexperienced person” or “immature person PRO 19 25 v49d 0 prudent See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md). PRO 19 25 m391 0 discipline one who is discerning, and “if you discipline one who is discerning,” PRO 19 25 wwq5 figs-abstractnouns 0 he will gain knowledge The abstract noun “knowledge” can be stated as “know.” Alternate translation: “he will know more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -PRO 19 26 g233 figs-explicit 0 brings shame and reproach Possible meanings are (1) he brings it to himself. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to himself” or (2) he brings it to his family. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +PRO 19 26 g233 figs-explicit 0 brings shame and reproach This could mean: (1) he brings it to himself. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to himself” or (2) he brings it to his family. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PRO 19 27 n4av figs-metonymy 0 If you cease to hear instruction Here “listening and obeying” is spoken of as if it were “hearing.” Alternate translation: “If you stop paying attention to instruction” or “If you stop obeying instruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 19 27 s24z 0 you will stray from “you will abandon” or “you will turn your back on” PRO 19 27 y3ln 0 the words of knowledge “knowledge” @@ -1275,7 +1275,7 @@ PRO 21 11 a11r 0 the naive “those who have no experience” or “those who PRO 21 11 a6a5 0 the mocker “the person who mocks others” PRO 21 11 m512 figs-activepassive 0 when the wise person is instructed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone instructs the wise person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PRO 21 11 ylu9 figs-metaphor 0 lays hold of knowledge Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could grasp and keep for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PRO 21 12 t3bj 0 The righteous Possible meanings are (1) any righteous person or (2) “Yahweh the one who is righteous.” +PRO 21 12 t3bj 0 The righteous This could mean: (1) any righteous person or (2) “Yahweh the one who is righteous.” PRO 21 12 bc3u 0 watches the house “pays careful attention to the house” “looks to see what happens to the house” PRO 21 12 tem1 figs-metaphor 0 he brings wicked people to disaster Here disaster is spoken of as if it were a place that someone could be brought to. Alternate translation: “he destroys them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 21 13 uc5n figs-idiom 0 The one who shuts his ears to the cry of the poor This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The one who will not listen when poor people ask for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -1305,7 +1305,7 @@ PRO 21 27 fq9a 0 The sacrifice of the wicked is detestable The writer does not PRO 21 27 l3le figs-nominaladj 0 the wicked The nominal adjective “wicked” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” or “wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) PRO 21 27 iy31 0 it is even more detestable “Yahweh detests the sacrifice even more” PRO 21 28 h8d4 0 will speak for all time This is because people will never forget what he said. -PRO 21 29 z6tg figs-idiom 0 makes his face hard Possible meanings are (1) “pretends to be courageous” or (2) “will not listen to correction.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +PRO 21 29 z6tg figs-idiom 0 makes his face hard This could mean: (1) “pretends to be courageous” or (2) “will not listen to correction.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PRO 21 29 ts1r figs-metaphor 0 is certain about his ways A person’s actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which the person walks. Alternate translation: “is certain about what he does” or “is confident about what he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 21 30 n8kt figs-abstractnouns 0 There is no wisdom, there is no understanding, and there is no advice that The words “there is” are repeated to emphasize the abstract nouns “wisdom,” “understanding,” and “advice.” Yahweh is greater than anything that anyone can know or think or say. Your language may require that you not repeat “there is no.” The abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “There is no wise person, there is no one who understands anything, and there is no one who tells others what to do who” or “There is no wisdom, understanding, or advice that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PRO 21 30 k3pe 0 stand against Yahweh “defeat Yahweh” or “work against what Yahweh wants to do” or “show that he is right and Yahweh is wrong” @@ -1323,7 +1323,7 @@ PRO 22 5 f1ap figs-metaphor 0 whoever guards his life A person doing what he ne PRO 22 6 je4e figs-metaphor 0 the way he should go How a person lives is spoken of as if it were a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “how he should live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 22 7 dk14 figs-explicit 0 borrows…lends You may need to make explicit what it is that is borrowed or lent. Alternate translation: “borrows money…lends money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PRO 22 8 l36j figs-metaphor 0 He who sows injustice will reap trouble The writer speaks of a ruler or other powerful person treating those less powerful unjustly as if he were planting seeds that will give birth to plants that bring trouble. Alternate translation: “If a person treats those less powerful than he is unjustly, they will cause him trouble later on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PRO 22 8 htf6 figs-metonymy 0 the rod of his fury will fade away The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. Possible meanings are (1) the unjust ruler will lose the power that he had that allowed him to treat other people unjustly or (2) when the people respond to the injustice he had done by harming him, he will have no power to stop them. Alternate translation: “he will no longer have the power that he had used to harm people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PRO 22 8 htf6 figs-metonymy 0 the rod of his fury will fade away The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. This could mean: (1) the unjust ruler will lose the power that he had that allowed him to treat other people unjustly or (2) when the people respond to the injustice he had done by harming him, he will have no power to stop them. Alternate translation: “he will no longer have the power that he had used to harm people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 22 8 yu9g figs-metonymy 0 rod of his fury The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. The unjust man was harming innocent people as if he were very angry with them. Alternate translation: “the rod he had used as if he were punishing people” or “the power he used to harm others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 22 8 kpt4 0 will fade away The word translated “fade away” is also used of plants drying up. PRO 22 9 nxi8 figs-activepassive 0 The one who has a generous eye will be blessed These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who has a generous eye” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -1407,7 +1407,7 @@ PRO 23 11 p1uf 0 their Redeemer Yahweh PRO 23 11 bgi8 figs-metaphor 0 he will plead their case against you The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “he will defend the orphans against you” or “he will see that the orphans receive justice and punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 23 12 w7ey 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). PRO 23 12 pgj6 figs-idiom 0 Apply your heart to This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:17](../22/17.md). Alternate translation: “Do your best to understand and remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -PRO 23 12 v2r3 0 instruction Possible meanings are (1) “what people who know what is right and what is wrong tell you” or (2) “what people say and do when they correct you.” +PRO 23 12 v2r3 0 instruction This could mean: (1) “what people who know what is right and what is wrong tell you” or (2) “what people say and do when they correct you.” PRO 23 12 jul6 figs-ellipsis 0 your ears The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “apply your ears” or “listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) PRO 23 12 gn45 0 to words of knowledge “to me when I tell you what I know” PRO 23 13 c9zs 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). @@ -1424,7 +1424,7 @@ PRO 23 18 d3fz figs-activepassive 0 your hope will not be cut off This can be t PRO 23 19 qj67 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). PRO 23 19 f128 0 Hear—you!—my son “Listen carefully, my son.” The speaker speaks an extra word to make sure the hearer is paying attention. PRO 23 19 jg2g figs-metaphor 0 direct your heart in the way Deciding to do what is right is spoken of as if one person were showing another person the correct path to follow. Alternate translation: “make sure you do what is wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PRO 23 20 sag8 figs-synecdoche 0 gluttonous eaters of meat Possible meanings are (1) “people who eat more meat than they need to” or (2) “meat” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “people who eat more food than they need to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +PRO 23 20 sag8 figs-synecdoche 0 gluttonous eaters of meat This could mean: (1) “people who eat more meat than they need to” or (2) “meat” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “people who eat more food than they need to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PRO 23 21 z3sn figs-personification 0 slumber will clothe them with rags The word “slumber” is an exaggeration for a person spending so much time enjoying food and drink that he does not do necessary work. This activity is spoken of as if it were a parent putting clothes on a child. Alternate translation: “because they spend so much time eating and drinking, they will do no work and so will become poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) PRO 23 22 bzi7 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). PRO 23 22 s9it figs-litotes 0 do not despise This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “show respect for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) @@ -1433,7 +1433,7 @@ PRO 23 24 rzg3 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayi PRO 23 24 qls1 0 The father of the righteous person will greatly rejoice, and he who begets a wise child will be glad in him Another possible meaning is that the words “he that begets a wise child” explain who “the father of the righteous person” is. Alternate translation: “The father of the righteous person, he who begets a wise child, will greatly rejoice and will be glad in him” PRO 23 24 b6a9 0 will be glad in him “will be glad because of him” PRO 23 26 c77m 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -PRO 23 26 ds3t figs-metonymy 0 give me your heart The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides to do. Possible meanings are (1) “pay careful attention” or (2) “trust me completely.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PRO 23 26 ds3t figs-metonymy 0 give me your heart The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides to do. This could mean: (1) “pay careful attention” or (2) “trust me completely.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 23 26 zdk9 figs-synecdoche 0 let your eyes observe The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “observe” or “look carefully at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PRO 23 27 b64j figs-merism 0 prostitute…immoral woman There are two types of sexually immoral women. The “prostitute” is unmarried, “another man’s wife” is married. Together they form a merism for any kind of sexually immoral woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) PRO 23 27 y9ln figs-metaphor 0 a prostitute is a deep pit The word “pit” is a metaphor for what happens to men who sleep with prostitutes. Alternate translation: “sleeping with a prostitute is like falling into a deep pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1448,7 +1448,7 @@ PRO 23 29 l7du figs-rquestion 0 Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has fights? Wh PRO 23 29 yw3q 0 bloodshot eyes “eyes red, like the color of blood” PRO 23 30 kqg7 0 Those who linger over wine, those who try the mixed wine These words answer the questions in verse 29 and describe people who drink too much wine. PRO 23 30 g2tp figs-euphemism 0 linger over wine spend much time drinking wine and so drink much wine (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -PRO 23 30 t96n 0 the mixed wine Possible meanings are (1) different wines mixed together or (2) other drinks that are stronger than wine. +PRO 23 30 t96n 0 the mixed wine This could mean: (1) different wines mixed together or (2) other drinks that are stronger than wine. PRO 23 31 v5x1 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). PRO 23 32 ip9z 0 In the last “After you drink it” PRO 23 32 cr4n figs-metaphor 0 it bites like a serpent…it stings like an adder The word “it” refers to “the wine when it is red.” “Bites” and “stings” are metaphors for the way too much wine makes people feel. Alternate translation: “it makes you feel as bad as if a serpent had bitten you or an adder had stung you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) @@ -1496,7 +1496,7 @@ PRO 24 12 zda4 figs-metonymy 0 weighs the heart The word “heart” is a meton PRO 24 12 pa6x figs-rquestion 0 The one who guards your life, does he not know it? The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “The one who guards your life knows it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PRO 24 12 m55q figs-rquestion 0 Will God not give to each one what he deserves? The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “God will give to each one what he deserves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) PRO 24 13 q7s6 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). -PRO 24 14 p5t6 figs-activepassive 0 your hope will not be cut off Possible meanings are (1) this is a simple passive that can be translated as in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will take your hope away” or (2) this is litotes that can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “your hope will surely continue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +PRO 24 14 p5t6 figs-activepassive 0 your hope will not be cut off This could mean: (1) this is a simple passive that can be translated as in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will take your hope away” or (2) this is litotes that can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “your hope will surely continue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) PRO 24 15 i96h 0 General Information: These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). PRO 24 15 s1ww figs-idiom 0 Do not lie in wait The words “lie in wait” are an idiom. Translate “lie in wait” as in [Proverbs 1:11](../01/11.md). Alternate translation: “Do not hide and wait for the right time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PRO 24 15 g6w6 0 his home the home of the righteous person @@ -1517,7 +1517,7 @@ PRO 24 22 ub7e 0 both of them these words refer to Yahweh and the king PRO 24 23 jq5s 0 These also are sayings of the wise This sentence starts a new collection of proverbs. PRO 24 23 ci6n 0 a case at law a situation that is brought before a judge in which someone is accused of breaking the law PRO 24 24 lma6 0 Whoever says to the wicked person,…will be cursed by peoples and hated by nations The word “nations” is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will curse whoever says to the wicked person,…, and the people of other nations will hate him” -PRO 24 24 rfb9 0 the wicked person…a righteous person Possible meanings are (1) people should never call any wicked person a righteous person or (2) no one should say of a person guilty of a crime that he is innocent. Alternate translation: “a person guilty of a crime…innocent” +PRO 24 24 rfb9 0 the wicked person…a righteous person This could mean: (1) people should never call any wicked person a righteous person or (2) no one should say of a person guilty of a crime that he is innocent. Alternate translation: “a person guilty of a crime…innocent” PRO 24 25 xwv5 0 will have delight “will be very happy” PRO 24 25 ufh1 figs-personification 0 gifts of goodness will come to them Gifts are spoken of as if they were people who could move by themselves. The abstract noun “goodness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “people will give them good gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PRO 24 25 uy7d 0 gifts of goodness “good things” or “blessings” @@ -1546,7 +1546,7 @@ PRO 25 9 lgk7 0 your case “your disagreement” PRO 25 9 c77l 0 do not disclose another’s secret “do not share your neighbor’s secret with other people” PRO 25 10 fr3g figs-activepassive 0 an evil report about you that cannot be silenced Here “evil report” refers to harmful things that the person will tell others. The phrase “cannot be silenced” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to stop him from telling other people harmful things about you” or “he will tell people evil things about you and you will never have a good reputation again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PRO 25 11 e2ay figs-metaphor 0 Apples of gold in settings of silver is a word spoken in the right situation The goodness of “a word spoken at the right time” is spoken of as if it were the physical beauty of “apples of gold in settings of silver.” Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A word spoken at the right time is beautiful like apples of gold in settings of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PRO 25 11 sq35 0 Apples of gold in settings of silver The ancient Israelites did not know the apples that most people know today. Possible meanings are (1) “apples” should be translated as “design.” Alternate translation: “a golden design carved into a silver bowl” or (2) “apples” refers to another type of fruit with a golden color that someone has placed on a silver plate or bowl. Alternate translation: “Golden colored fruit placed in a silver bowl” +PRO 25 11 sq35 0 Apples of gold in settings of silver The ancient Israelites did not know the apples that most people know today. This could mean: (1) “apples” should be translated as “design.” Alternate translation: “a golden design carved into a silver bowl” or (2) “apples” refers to another type of fruit with a golden color that someone has placed on a silver plate or bowl. Alternate translation: “Golden colored fruit placed in a silver bowl” PRO 25 11 ptu8 figs-activepassive 0 is a word spoken This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “is a message that someone speaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PRO 25 12 ir54 figs-metaphor 0 A gold ring or jewelry made of fine gold is a wise rebuke to a listening ear The value and importance of “a wise rebuke” is spoken of as if it had the beauty and value of gold. Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A wise rebuke to a listening ear is beautiful and valuable like a golden ring or golden jewelry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 25 12 i38p figs-synecdoche 0 listening ear The ear is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “person who is willing to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) @@ -1573,7 +1573,7 @@ PRO 25 25 p4p8 figs-simile 0 Like cold waters to one who is thirsty, so is good PRO 25 26 p3dy figs-simile 0 Like a fouled spring or a ruined fountain is a righteous person tottering before wicked people One expects a spring or fountain to have clear water, just as one expects a righteous man to stand for what he believes. A polluted spring or fountain is compared to a righteous man who falls. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) PRO 25 26 tiq8 figs-metaphor 0 tottering before wicked people Tottering is a metaphor for either (1) refusing to fight wicked people or (2) joining in their wickedness. Alternate translation: “who allows wicked people to do wickedness” or “who starts to do what wicked people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 25 26 fe9h figs-metaphor 0 tottering This is a metaphor for being unable to continue to do good. Alternate translation: “unable to stand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PRO 25 26 e13r figs-idiom 0 before wicked people Possible meanings are (1) “when wicked people attack him” or (2) “when wicked people urge him to do evil.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +PRO 25 26 e13r figs-idiom 0 before wicked people This could mean: (1) “when wicked people attack him” or (2) “when wicked people urge him to do evil.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PRO 25 27 h7jf figs-simile 0 It is not good to eat too much honey; that is like searching for honor after honor. Both wanting others to honor you and eating honey are good, but you can eat too much honey, and you can try too hard to have people honor you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) PRO 25 27 x6in figs-litotes 0 It is not good This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “It is a bad thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) PRO 25 27 ea11 0 that is like searching for honor after honor “that is like always thinking about how others should honor you.” The meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some versions of the Bible translate this as “that is like speaking too many compliments to people.” @@ -1598,7 +1598,7 @@ PRO 26 7 nq9k figs-metonymy 0 in the mouth of fools Here “mouth” is a meton PRO 26 8 vhn4 figs-explicit 0 tying a stone in a sling In order to throw a stone very far, people put it into a sling and swing the sling so that the stone will fly from it very quickly. The result of tying a stone in a sling can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “tying a stone in a sling so that it cannot be thrown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PRO 26 8 fy3g 0 giving honor to a fool “honoring a fool” PRO 26 9 l82z figs-simile 0 Like a thorn…is a proverb in the mouth of fools How the two are alike can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as dangerous as a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -PRO 26 9 z794 figs-synecdoche 0 a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard Possible meanings are (1) if a drunk person holds a thornbush, a thorn will prick his hand, or (2) if a drunk person is angry, he will pick up a thornbush and swing it at people. For the second meaning, the word “thorn” represents a thornbush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +PRO 26 9 z794 figs-synecdoche 0 a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard This could mean: (1) if a drunk person holds a thornbush, a thorn will prick his hand, or (2) if a drunk person is angry, he will pick up a thornbush and swing it at people. For the second meaning, the word “thorn” represents a thornbush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PRO 26 9 q3gg figs-metonymy 0 in the mouth of fools Here “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 26 10 lu8m 0 hires a fool “gives a job to a fool” PRO 26 11 dgd2 0 As a dog returns to his own vomit “As a dog eats its own vomit” @@ -1630,7 +1630,7 @@ PRO 26 23 p5hf figs-metonymy 0 an evil heart The heart represents a person’s PRO 26 24 rhg2 figs-metaphor 0 disguises his feelings with his lips Disguising his feelings represents keeping people from knowing what his feelings are. The phrase “his lips” is a metonym for what he says. Alternate translation: “hides his feelings with what he says” or “speaks in such a way that people cannot know his true feelings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 26 24 qu8b figs-metaphor 0 he lays up deceit within himself Being deceitful is spoken of as if he were storing deceit within himself. Possible meanings are that “deceit” refers to lies. Alternate translation: (1) “he likes his many lies” or (2) deceit refers secret plans to harm people. Alternate translation: “he secretly plans to harm people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 26 25 f4gf 0 but do not believe him “but do not believe what he says” -PRO 26 25 q7ln figs-metaphor 0 for there are seven abominations in his heart The number seven represents completeness. Possible meanings are (1) “abominations” refers to attitudes that God hates. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hateful things” or (2) “abominations” refers to his hatred for people. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hatred” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PRO 26 25 q7ln figs-metaphor 0 for there are seven abominations in his heart The number seven represents completeness. This could mean: (1) “abominations” refers to attitudes that God hates. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hateful things” or (2) “abominations” refers to his hatred for people. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hatred” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 26 26 iv6j figs-activepassive 0 Though his hatred is covered with deception This can be stated actively. Alternate translation: “Though deception covers his hatred” or “Though he covers his hatred with deception” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PRO 26 26 d99d figs-metaphor 0 Though his hatred is covered with deception Keeping people from knowing that he hates them is spoken of as covering his hatred. Alternate translation: “Though he lies to keep people from knowing that he hates them” or “Though he lies so that people will not know that he hates them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 26 26 slh6 figs-metaphor 0 his wickedness will be exposed in the assembly Being exposed represents being discovered or becoming known. Alternate translation: “his wickedness will become known in the assembly” or “the assembly will discover his wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -1638,7 +1638,7 @@ PRO 26 26 d2jn 0 the assembly “the community of Israel” PRO 26 27 sg61 figs-explicit 0 Whoever digs a pit will fall into it It is implied that the person digs the pit as a trap so that someone will fall into it. Alternate translation: “Whoever digs a pit to trap someone will fall into it” or “If someone digs a pit in order to trap someone, the one who dug it will fall into it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PRO 26 27 nj1w figs-explicit 0 the stone will roll back on the one who pushed it It is implied that the person pushed a large stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone there. Alternate translation: “if someone pushed a stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone, the stone will roll back on him instead” or “if someone maked a stone roll so that it would hurt someone, the stone will crush him instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PRO 26 28 wvw9 figs-synecdoche 0 A lying tongue hates the people it crushes The phrase “a lying tongue” represents a person who tells lies. Crushing people represents causing them trouble. Alternate translation: “A liar hates those he hurts by his lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PRO 26 28 dfi2 figs-synecdoche 0 a flattering mouth brings about ruin The phrase “a flattering mouth” represents a person who flatters people. Possible meanings are (1) a person who flatters others causes trouble or (2) a person who flatters others ruins them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +PRO 26 28 dfi2 figs-synecdoche 0 a flattering mouth brings about ruin The phrase “a flattering mouth” represents a person who flatters people. This could mean: (1) a person who flatters others causes trouble or (2) a person who flatters others ruins them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PRO 26 28 qp8a 0 flattering praising someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praising someone about things that are not true PRO 27 intro ec7g 0 # Proverbs 27 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 27 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) PRO 27 1 f85w figs-explicit 0 Do not boast about tomorrow This is a warning not to brag about what you expect to happen tomorrow. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not speak proudly about your plans for tomorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -1664,7 +1664,7 @@ PRO 27 7 aj75 0 every bitter thing is sweet “everything that is bitter taste PRO 27 8 tmr6 figs-simile 0 Like a bird that wanders from its nest is a man who strays from where he lives The words “wanders” and “strays” mean the same thing in this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) PRO 27 9 p2m8 0 Perfume The word “perfume” here means a desirable oil or ointment. PRO 27 9 zj6k figs-metonymy 0 make the heart rejoice Here “the heart” represents the feelings or emotions of a person. Alternate translation: “make a person feel joyful” or “make a person glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PRO 27 9 fa3b figs-metaphor 0 the sweetness of a friend comes from his sincere counsel Possible meanings are (1) “sweetness” represents kindness. Alternate translation: “we recognize our friend’s kindness by his counsel” or (2) “sweetness” represents what we appreciate about a person. Alternate translation: “what we appreciate about a friend is his advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PRO 27 9 fa3b figs-metaphor 0 the sweetness of a friend comes from his sincere counsel This could mean: (1) “sweetness” represents kindness. Alternate translation: “we recognize our friend’s kindness by his counsel” or (2) “sweetness” represents what we appreciate about a person. Alternate translation: “what we appreciate about a friend is his advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 27 10 c6gz 0 your brother’s house Here the word “brother” is a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group. PRO 27 10 zin1 0 calamity extreme troubles and misfortune PRO 27 11 v2t7 figs-metonymy 0 make my heart rejoice Here the “heart” represents the person’s feelings or emotions. Alternate translation: “make me feel joyful” or “make me glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1767,7 +1767,7 @@ PRO 28 15 x5l1 translate-unknown 0 a charging bear A bear is a large, furry, da PRO 28 16 et9j figs-abstractnouns 0 The ruler who lacks understanding The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The ruler who does not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PRO 28 16 az95 0 oppressor a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult PRO 28 16 lv7n figs-abstractnouns 0 the one who hates dishonesty The abstract noun “dishonesty” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who hates being dishonest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -PRO 28 16 eae9 figs-idiom 0 prolong his days Possible meanings are (1) this is an idiom that means his living for more time. Alternate translation: “live longer” or (2) this is an idiom that means extending the length of his reign. Alternate translation: “rule for a longer time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +PRO 28 16 eae9 figs-idiom 0 prolong his days This could mean: (1) this is an idiom that means his living for more time. Alternate translation: “live longer” or (2) this is an idiom that means extending the length of his reign. Alternate translation: “rule for a longer time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PRO 28 17 rm8g figs-metonymy 0 he has shed someone’s blood Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. Alternate translation: “he has killed someone” or “he has murdered someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 28 17 v592 0 fugitive a person who is running away to avoid being captured PRO 28 17 iz6w figs-idiom 0 until death “until he dies.” This means for the rest of his life. Alternate translation: “all of his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -1799,17 +1799,17 @@ PRO 28 25 e3ce 0 A greedy man a person who selfishly wants more things, money PRO 28 25 bkj4 figs-metaphor 0 stirs up conflict The action of the greedy man is spoken of as if he were stirring up or awakening conflict. Alternate translation: “causes conflict” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 28 26 pnc4 figs-synecdoche 0 One who trusts in his own heart Depending on one’s self is spoken of as trusting in one’s own heart. Alternate translation: “The person who relies on himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) PRO 28 26 dyj3 0 whoever walks “any person who walks” -PRO 28 26 g7hy figs-idiom 0 walks in wisdom Possible meanings are (1) this is an idiom that means to live wisely. Alternate translation: “lives wisely” or (2) this is an idiom that means to follow the teachings of wise people. Alternate translation: “follows wise teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +PRO 28 26 g7hy figs-idiom 0 walks in wisdom This could mean: (1) this is an idiom that means to live wisely. Alternate translation: “lives wisely” or (2) this is an idiom that means to follow the teachings of wise people. Alternate translation: “follows wise teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PRO 28 27 yhn4 0 The one “The person” PRO 28 27 y6e6 figs-nominaladj 0 the poor This refers to poor people in general. Alternate translation: “poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) PRO 28 27 iwx5 figs-litotes 0 lack nothing This double negative is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “have everything they need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) -PRO 28 27 ykd8 figs-activepassive 0 whoever closes his eyes to them will receive many curses This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) they will receive many curses from the poor. Alternate translation: “the poor will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to them” or (2) they will receive many curses from people in general. Alternate translation: “people will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” or (3) they will receive many curses from God. Alternate translation: “God will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +PRO 28 27 ykd8 figs-activepassive 0 whoever closes his eyes to them will receive many curses This can be stated in active form. This could mean: (1) they will receive many curses from the poor. Alternate translation: “the poor will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to them” or (2) they will receive many curses from people in general. Alternate translation: “people will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” or (3) they will receive many curses from God. Alternate translation: “God will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PRO 28 27 cgl4 0 whoever closes “anyone who closes” PRO 28 27 x8x1 figs-metonymy 0 closes his eyes to Closing the eyes represents not responding to the needs of the poor. Alternate translation: “ignores” or “chooses not to help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 28 28 ku38 figs-idiom 0 When the wicked arise This is an idiom that means when wicked people gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “When wicked people rise to power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PRO 28 28 xc51 figs-hyperbole 0 people hide themselves This is an exaggeration for doing everything they can to avoid having wicked people harm them. Alternate translation: “people go into hiding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) -PRO 28 28 vjp8 0 perish Possible meanings are (1) “go away” or (2) “fall from power” or (3) “are destroyed.” -PRO 28 28 pd87 0 increase Possible meanings are (1) “multiply” or (2) “rise to power.” +PRO 28 28 vjp8 0 perish This could mean: (1) “go away” or (2) “fall from power” or (3) “are destroyed.” +PRO 28 28 pd87 0 increase This could mean: (1) “multiply” or (2) “rise to power.” PRO 29 intro pkl4 0 # Proverbs 29 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) PRO 29 1 rl7a figs-metaphor 0 who stiffens his neck A person becoming stubborn is spoken of as if he stiffens his neck. Alternate translation: “who becomes stubborn” or “who refuses to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 29 1 nb5z figs-activepassive 0 will be broken in a moment This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will suddenly break him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -1846,7 +1846,7 @@ PRO 29 22 s7ha figs-metaphor 0 stirs up strife Causing people to argue more is PRO 29 22 ad7m figs-idiom 0 a master of rage This idiom means “a person who becomes angry easily.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PRO 29 23 z268 figs-activepassive 0 one who has a humble spirit will be given honor This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “men will give honor to a person who has a humble spirit” or “a person who has a humble spirit will receive honor from men” or “Yahweh will cause men to honor a person who has a humble spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PRO 29 24 jpz1 0 hates his own life “becomes his own enemy” -PRO 29 24 ej5k figs-explicit 0 he hears the curse and says nothing Possible meanings are (1) people have put the “one who shares with a thief” under oath to tell the truth about what he knows about what the thief stole, and he knows he will be punished if he tells the truth. Alternate translation: “he does not dare to testify under oath” or (2) people do not know who the thief is but they call on God to curse the thief, and the “one who shares” is afraid to confess and so come out from under the curse because he is afraid of the thief. Alternate translation: “he says nothing even after people have cursed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +PRO 29 24 ej5k figs-explicit 0 he hears the curse and says nothing This could mean: (1) people have put the “one who shares with a thief” under oath to tell the truth about what he knows about what the thief stole, and he knows he will be punished if he tells the truth. Alternate translation: “he does not dare to testify under oath” or (2) people do not know who the thief is but they call on God to curse the thief, and the “one who shares” is afraid to confess and so come out from under the curse because he is afraid of the thief. Alternate translation: “he says nothing even after people have cursed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PRO 29 25 t7d5 figs-metaphor 0 The fear of man makes a snare Being afraid of what other people might do is spoken of as stepping into a trap. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is afraid of what other people might do to him is like a person who has become snared in a trap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 29 25 k5l2 0 a snare a trap that catches animals with ropes PRO 29 25 t3gk figs-activepassive 0 the one who trusts in Yahweh will be protected This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect the one who trusts in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -1873,7 +1873,7 @@ PRO 30 5 mna2 figs-metaphor 0 is tested Words are spoken of as if they were met PRO 30 5 u15z figs-metaphor 0 he is a shield to those who take refuge in him The word “shield” is a metaphor for something that protects a person. Alternate translation: “he protects those who come and ask him to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 30 6 lu63 0 add to his words say more than he has said PRO 30 6 e39x figs-activepassive 0 you will be proved to be This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will prove that you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -PRO 30 8 v3d5 figs-metaphor 0 Put vanity and lies far away from me Possible meanings are (1) “Do not allow people to speak vanity and lies to me” or (2) “Do not allow me to speak vanity and lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PRO 30 8 v3d5 figs-metaphor 0 Put vanity and lies far away from me This could mean: (1) “Do not allow people to speak vanity and lies to me” or (2) “Do not allow me to speak vanity and lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 30 8 jw32 0 vanity false, useless words PRO 30 8 wk6q figs-metaphor 0 Give me neither poverty nor riches The writer speaks as if “poverty” and “riches” were physical objects that someone could give to another. They are also abstract nouns that can be stated as “poor” and “rich.” Alternate translation: “Do not allow me to be either very poor or very rich” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) PRO 30 9 vrk2 figs-hypo 0 if I have too much, I might deny you and say This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes rich. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) @@ -1924,10 +1924,10 @@ PRO 31 2 ye5f 0 son of my womb The womb is a synecdoche for the person. It is PRO 31 2 p2hh 0 son of my vows The “vows” could be (1) the mother’s marriage vows or (2) a vow after she married that if God allowed her to have a child she would dedicate him to God. PRO 31 3 irw8 0 Do not give your strength to women “Do not work hard trying to have sex with women,” either outside of marriage or with concubines. PRO 31 3 tuq5 0 or your ways to those who destroy kings “or allow those who destroy kings to advise you” -PRO 31 3 j3yt 0 your ways Possible meanings are (1) “the way you live your life” or (2) “the work you do” +PRO 31 3 j3yt 0 your ways This could mean: (1) “the way you live your life” or (2) “the work you do” PRO 31 3 v8um 0 those who destroy kings probably the immoral “women” to whom he is not to give his strength PRO 31 4 s8mw 0 Lemuel This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:1](../31/01.md). -PRO 31 5 ex8n figs-activepassive 0 what has been decreed This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “what God has decreed” or (2) “what the kings themselves have decreed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +PRO 31 5 ex8n figs-activepassive 0 what has been decreed This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) “what God has decreed” or (2) “what the kings themselves have decreed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PRO 31 5 w2jv 0 pervert the rights of all the afflicted “deny afflicted people their legal rights” PRO 31 5 y3ds 0 pervert exchange good for evil PRO 31 5 mdn6 0 all the afflicted “all those people whom others wrongfully harm” @@ -1969,7 +1969,7 @@ PRO 31 26 q9jl figs-metonymy 0 the law of kindness is on her tongue The phrase PRO 31 27 uqe6 figs-metaphor 0 watches over the ways of her household The word “ways” refers to the way people live. Alternate translation: “makes sure her whole family lives in a way that pleases God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PRO 31 27 ynb8 figs-idiom 0 does not eat the bread of idleness To “eat the bread of” something means to do something. Alternate translation: “she is not idle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) PRO 31 27 j79l 0 idleness doing nothing and being lazy -PRO 31 28 hq5u figs-metonymy 0 rise up and Possible meanings are (1) literally “stand up and” or (2) as a metonym, “actively.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PRO 31 28 hq5u figs-metonymy 0 rise up and This could mean: (1) literally “stand up and” or (2) as a metonym, “actively.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PRO 31 28 lqv2 figs-quotations 0 call her blessed saying that good things have happened to her because she has done good things. This can be translated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “congratulate her” or “say, ‘Yay, Mom!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) PRO 31 29 fl85 0 you surpassed “you have done better than” PRO 31 30 e8cj figs-abstractnouns 0 Elegance is deceptive The abstract noun “elegance” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “A gracious woman can deceive people” or “A woman with good manners could really be evil” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 11:16](../11/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) diff --git a/en_tn_21-ECC.tsv b/en_tn_21-ECC.tsv index 49ffbe98f8..eeb87ee3d4 100644 --- a/en_tn_21-ECC.tsv +++ b/en_tn_21-ECC.tsv @@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ ECC 3 intro a9c1 0 # Ecclesiastes 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and format ECC 3 1 q8gz figs-merism 0 General Information: The writer uses merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) ECC 3 1 hn82 figs-parallelism 0 For everything there is an appointed time, and a season for every purpose These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) ECC 3 1 s8am figs-idiom 0 under heaven This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -ECC 3 2 ga5b 0 a time to pull up plants Possible meanings are (1) “a time to harvest” or (2) “a time to uproot.” +ECC 3 2 ga5b 0 a time to pull up plants This could mean: (1) “a time to harvest” or (2) “a time to uproot.” ECC 3 4 a5em figs-merism 0 General Information: The writer continues with merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) ECC 3 5 yg8l 0 embrace to hold someone in your arms to show love or friendship ECC 3 6 az59 figs-merism 0 General Information: The writer continues with merisms to describe various aspects of life from one extreme to the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ ECC 4 3 ekt2 0 more fortunate than both of them is the one who has not yet liv ECC 4 3 q72x figs-explicit 0 both of them This refers to those who are dead and to those who are alive. Alternate translation: “both those who are dead and those who are living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ECC 4 3 hua5 figs-idiom 0 under the sun This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ECC 4 4 y7i7 figs-abstractnouns 0 became the envy of one’s neighbor The word “envy” may be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “made one’s neighbor envious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -ECC 4 4 u7wt 0 the envy of one’s neighbor possible meanings are (1) The neighbor envies the object his neighbor made, or (2) the neighbor envies the skills his neighbor has. +ECC 4 4 u7wt 0 the envy of one’s neighbor This could mean: (1) The neighbor envies the object his neighbor made, or (2) the neighbor envies the skills his neighbor has. ECC 4 4 e19x figs-parallelism 0 vapor…an attempt to shepherd the wind These two phrases are both metaphors that emphasize the idea of things being useless and futile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) ECC 4 4 u3t7 figs-metaphor 0 vapor “mist.” The author speaks of things as being useless and meaningless as if they were vapor. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “as useless as vapor” or “meaningless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ECC 4 4 m36w figs-metaphor 0 an attempt to shepherd the wind The author speaks of everything that people do as being useless as if they were trying to control the wind. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “are as useless as trying to control the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ ECC 5 8 v44r figs-idiom 0 even higher ones over them There are other men who ru ECC 5 9 uc5e figs-abstractnouns 0 the produce of the land…produce from the fields The word “produce” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “the food that the land produces…crops from the fields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) ECC 5 10 kh3l figs-metaphor 0 vapor The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were mist. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “as useless as vapor” or “meaningless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ECC 5 11 md9b figs-abstractnouns 0 As prosperity increases The word “prosperity” may be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “As a person becomes more prosperous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -ECC 5 11 xh2w 0 so also do the people who consume it Possible meanings are (1) “so also the person spends more money” or (2) “so also there will be more people who use his wealth.” +ECC 5 11 xh2w 0 so also do the people who consume it This could mean: (1) “so also the person spends more money” or (2) “so also there will be more people who use his wealth.” ECC 5 11 ncz7 figs-metaphor 0 who consume it This speaks of people spending wealth as if they were “eating” it. Alternate translation: “who use it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ECC 5 11 c2dc figs-rquestion 0 What advantage in wealth is there to the owner except to watch it with his eyes? The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the wealthy do not benefit from their wealth. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “The only benefit that the owner has from wealth is that he can look at it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ECC 5 12 d52v figs-metaphor 0 The sleep of a working man is sweet This speaks of a person’s sleep being fulfilling and peaceful as if it were sweet like something he eats. Alternate translation: “The sleep of a working man is peaceful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ ECC 5 12 dr7p 0 whether he eats little or a lot “whether he eats a little bi ECC 5 12 u4e4 figs-personification 0 but the wealth of a rich person does not allow him to sleep well “but the wealth of a rich person keeps him awake at night.” This speaks of a rich person not being able to sleep because he is worried about his money as if his money were a person that would not allow him to sleep. Alternate translation: “but rich people do not sleep well because they worry about their money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) ECC 5 13 m4vd figs-idiom 0 under the sun This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ECC 5 13 j6b2 figs-activepassive 0 riches hoarded by the owner This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “an owner hoards riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -ECC 5 14 d5n4 0 through bad luck Possible meanings are (1) “through misfortune” or (2) “through a bad business deal.” +ECC 5 14 d5n4 0 through bad luck This could mean: (1) “through misfortune” or (2) “through a bad business deal.” ECC 5 14 zb1u figs-metonymy 0 his own son, one whom he has fathered, is left with nothing in his hands Here the phrase “in his hands” represents ownership. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he leaves no possession for his own son” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ECC 5 15 it6k figs-metaphor 0 As a man comes from his mother’s womb…he will leave naked It is implied that a man is naked when he is born. In addition to being without clothing, here the word “naked” emphasizes that people are born without any possessions. Alternate translation: “As a man is naked and owns nothing when he is born…he will leave this life the same way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ECC 5 15 wl6z 0 comes from his mother’s womb “is born” @@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ ECC 5 15 zl7h figs-euphemism 0 he will leave This refers to dying. Alternate tr ECC 5 15 fe51 figs-metonymy 0 He can take none of the fruits of his labor in his hand Here a man’s possessions are spoken of as if they are fruit that he grew with his labor. Alternate translation: “He can not take any of his possessions with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ECC 5 16 qd7u figs-explicit 0 as a person comes, so he goes away This refers to the birth and death of a person and expresses the same idea as the previous verse. This refers to women as well as men. Alternate translation: “as people bring nothing into the world when they are born, so they take nothing with them when they die and leave this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) ECC 5 16 h3bb figs-rquestion 0 So what profit is there for him who works for the wind? The writer uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no benefit in working for the wind. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one gets any profit in working for the wind.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -ECC 5 16 dl4p figs-metaphor 0 works for the wind Possible meanings are (1) This speaks of the person receiving no lasting profit as if he were trying to control the wind. Alternate translation: “tries to shepherd the wind” or “work that is as useless as trying to shepherd the wind” or (2) This implies that the person only receives the air that he breaths as his profit. Alternate translation: “works to receive the air he breathes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +ECC 5 16 dl4p figs-metaphor 0 works for the wind This could mean: (1) This speaks of the person receiving no lasting profit as if he were trying to control the wind. Alternate translation: “tries to shepherd the wind” or “work that is as useless as trying to shepherd the wind” or (2) This implies that the person only receives the air that he breaths as his profit. Alternate translation: “works to receive the air he breathes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ECC 5 17 x449 figs-metaphor 0 During his days he eats with darkness This speaks of a person mourning throughout his life as if he always ate in darkness. Here “darkness” represents sadness and mourning. Alternate translation: “He spends his life in mourning and sadness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ECC 5 17 rys5 figs-metonymy 0 his days Here a person’s “days” represent his life. Alternate translation: “his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ECC 5 17 zw6w figs-abstractnouns 0 is greatly distressed with sickness and anger The words “sickness” and “anger” can be expressed as adjectives. Alternate translation: “suffers greatly, being sick and angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) @@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ ECC 5 18 k7uq figs-idiom 0 Look The author uses this word here to draw his read ECC 5 18 qp65 figs-doublet 0 what I have seen to be good and suitable Here the words “good” and “suitable” mean basically the same thing. The second intensifies the meaning of the first. Alternate translation: “what I have seen to be the best thing to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) ECC 5 18 ue88 figs-idiom 0 under the sun This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ECC 5 18 m281 figs-idiom 0 during the days of this life that God has given us This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “as long as God allows us to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -ECC 5 18 ued7 0 For this is man’s assignment Possible meanings are (1) “For this is man’s reward” or (2) “For these are the things that he allows man to do” +ECC 5 18 ued7 0 For this is man’s assignment This could mean: (1) “For this is man’s reward” or (2) “For these are the things that he allows man to do” ECC 5 19 n4ka figs-doublet 0 riches and wealth These two words mean basically the same thing. They refer to money and the things that a person can buy with money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) ECC 5 19 b3ld 0 to receive his share “to accept what he is given” ECC 5 20 iz9m figs-idiom 0 he does not call to mind Here the word “he” refers to the person to whom God has given a gift. The phrase “call to mind” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he does not remember” or “he does not think about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ ECC 6 2 jr84 figs-metaphor 0 vapor The author speaks of useless and meaningless ECC 6 3 qq8e translate-numbers 0 fathers a hundred children “fathers 100 children.” This is a hypothetical situation. This is also an exaggeration and is applicable to people with fewer than 100 children. Alternate translation: “fathers many children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) ECC 6 3 z9ls figs-parallelism 0 lives many years, so that the days of his years are many These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Alternate translation: “lives many years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) ECC 6 3 fun6 figs-synecdoche 0 his heart is not satisfied with good This refers to a man by his “heart” to emphasize his feelings. Alternate translation: “he is not content with good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -ECC 6 3 qmh2 figs-activepassive 0 he is not buried This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “no one buries him at all” or (2) he receives no honor, “no one buries him properly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +ECC 6 3 qmh2 figs-activepassive 0 he is not buried This can be stated in active form. This could mean: (1) “no one buries him at all” or (2) he receives no honor, “no one buries him properly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ECC 6 4 g8un 0 such a baby is born in futility “such a baby is born for nothing” ECC 6 4 tr53 figs-idiom 0 passes away in darkness This speaks of the death of the baby being as unexplainable as “darkness.” Alternate translation: “dies unexplainably” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ECC 6 4 xfu5 figs-metaphor 0 its name remains hidden This speaks of no one knowing the baby’s name as if it were a hidden object. Alternate translation: “no one knows its name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ ECC 7 5 lal6 0 to listen to the song of fools “to listen to fools sing” ECC 7 6 bh8q figs-simile 0 For like the crackling of thorns burning under a pot, so also is the laughter of fools This speaks of how listening to fools talk and laugh will teach you nothing, as if their speech and laughter were the sound of burning thorns. Alternate translation: “For listening to the laughter of fools will not teach a man any more than if he were listening to the crackling of thorns burning under a pot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ECC 7 6 im4x figs-metaphor 0 vapor The author speaks of useless and meaningless things as if they were mist. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “as useless as vapor” or “meaningless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ECC 7 7 be8y 0 Extortion This refers to forcing someone to give money or other valuable items to another so that the other person does not harm him. It is considered wrong. -ECC 7 7 dt3e 0 makes a wise man foolish Possible meanings are (1) “turns the wise man into a foolish man” or (2) “makes the advice of the wise man appear to be foolish advice.” +ECC 7 7 dt3e 0 makes a wise man foolish This could mean: (1) “turns the wise man into a foolish man” or (2) “makes the advice of the wise man appear to be foolish advice.” ECC 7 7 n3hs figs-metonymy 0 corrupts the heart Here the word “heart” refers to the mind. Alternate translation: “ruins a person’s ability to think and judge rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ECC 7 8 bw3c figs-metonymy 0 the people patient in spirit are better than the proud in spirit Here the word “spirit” refers to a person’s attitude. Alternate translation: “patient people are better than proud people” or “a patient attitude is better than a prideful attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ECC 7 9 lb8v figs-metonymy 0 Do not be quick to anger in your spirit Here the word “spirit” refers to a person’s attitude. Alternate translation: “Do not become angry quickly” or “Do not have a bad temper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -297,13 +297,13 @@ ECC 7 9 fx66 figs-metaphor 0 anger resides in the hearts of fools This speaks o ECC 7 10 mu3y figs-rquestion 0 Why were the days of old better than these? The person asks this rhetorical question in order to complain about the present time. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Things were better in the past than they are now.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ECC 7 10 r6bl figs-irony 0 it is not because of wisdom that you ask this question Here the author uses irony to rebuke the person’s question. Alternate translation: “if you were wise you would not ask this question” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) ECC 7 11 w53h figs-idiom 0 those who see the sun This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “those who are alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -ECC 7 12 wt8d 0 the advantage of knowledge is that wisdom gives life Possible meanings are (1) that the writer uses the words “knowledge” and “wisdom” to mean the same thing, or (2) “the advantage of knowing wisdom is that it gives life.” +ECC 7 12 wt8d 0 the advantage of knowledge is that wisdom gives life This could mean: (1) that the writer uses the words “knowledge” and “wisdom” to mean the same thing, or (2) “the advantage of knowing wisdom is that it gives life.” ECC 7 12 erb5 figs-personification 0 gives life to whoever has it This speaks of how wisdom helps to preserve a person’s life as if it gave life to that person. When a person is wise he makes good decisions that help him to live a more prosperous and longer life. Alternate translation: “preserves a person’s life” or “helps a person to make good decisions and to live a longer life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) ECC 7 13 x6a8 figs-rquestion 0 Who can straighten out anything he has made crooked? The author uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can change something that God has done. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can straighten out anything he has made crooked.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ECC 7 14 iig7 figs-idiom 0 When times are good…when times are bad The word “times” is an idiom for “things happening.” Alternate translation: “When good things happen…when bad things happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ECC 7 14 ab9b 0 live happily in that good “be happy about those good things” ECC 7 14 c4j4 figs-idiom 0 both to exist side by side The phrase “side by side” is an idiom that means “this one” and “this one.” Alternate translation: “both to exist” or “there to be both good and bad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -ECC 7 14 ey3r 0 anything that is coming after him Possible meanings are (1) “anything that happens in the future” or (2) “anything that happens to him after he dies.” +ECC 7 14 ey3r 0 anything that is coming after him This could mean: (1) “anything that happens in the future” or (2) “anything that happens to him after he dies.” ECC 7 15 q493 0 in my meaningless days “in my meaningless life” ECC 7 15 vy5k 0 in spite of their righteousness “even though they are righteous” ECC 7 15 la4s 0 in spite of their evil “even though they are evil” @@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ ECC 7 27 vsz7 figs-abstractnouns 0 adding one discovery to another The word “ ECC 7 27 k9h2 figs-abstractnouns 0 in order to find an explanation of reality This word “explanation” can be expressed as a verb. See how the phrase “explanations of reality” is translated in [Ecclesiastes 7:25](../07/25.md). Alternate translation: “in order to be able to explain things in life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) ECC 7 28 twu8 translate-numbers 0 one righteous man among a thousand “1 righteous man among 1,000.” Only one righteous man was found in a group of 1,000 people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) ECC 7 28 xkw3 0 a woman among all those There were no righteous women found in a group of 1,000 people. -ECC 7 29 dra3 0 they have gone away looking for many difficulties Possible meanings are (1) “they have made many sinful plans” or (2) “they have made their own lives difficult.” +ECC 7 29 dra3 0 they have gone away looking for many difficulties This could mean: (1) “they have made many sinful plans” or (2) “they have made their own lives difficult.” ECC 7 29 e78n figs-metaphor 0 they have gone away Here the word “they” refers to “humanity.” This speaks of humanity changing from being upright to not being upright as if they were going from one place to another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ECC 8 intro g2ul 0 # Ecclesiastes 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:1 and 8:5-8.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Wisdom<br>Solomon, known for his wisdom, gives a detailed description of wisdom. True wisdom is seeking to honor God. This is the only thing that lasts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) ECC 8 1 sfc8 0 Who is a wise man? Who knows what the events in life mean? The writer asks these as leading questions to provide the answer in what he says next. @@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ ECC 8 1 v1sf figs-idiom 0 causes his face to shine This means that the person ECC 8 1 e5zq figs-idiom 0 the hardness of his face This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “his harsh appearance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ECC 8 1 beu2 figs-activepassive 0 is changed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “changes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ECC 8 2 ig6x 0 God’s oath to protect him “the oath you made before God to protect him” -ECC 8 3 jz73 figs-metaphor 0 Do not hurry out of his presence Possible meanings are (1) not to be hasty to physically leave the king’s presence or (2) This is a metaphor that speaks of being loyal to the king as being in his presence. Alternate translation: “Do not abandon the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ECC 8 3 jz73 figs-metaphor 0 Do not hurry out of his presence This could mean: (1) not to be hasty to physically leave the king’s presence or (2) This is a metaphor that speaks of being loyal to the king as being in his presence. Alternate translation: “Do not abandon the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ECC 8 4 mc7i 0 The king’s word rules “What the king says is the law” ECC 8 4 k14s figs-rquestion 0 who will say to him This rhetorical question emphasizes that no one will ask the king the following question. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one can say to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ECC 8 4 fn4s figs-rquestion 0 What are you doing? This rhetorical question is a rebuke. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not be doing what you are doing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ ECC 8 15 n76x figs-idiom 0 for all the days of his life that God has given him ECC 8 16 q9us figs-synecdoche 0 I applied my heart Here the author refers to himself by his “heart” to emphasize his feelings. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:17](../01/17.md). Alternate translation: “I applied myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) ECC 8 16 d9sa figs-activepassive 0 the work that is done on the earth This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the work that people do on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ECC 8 16 ct32 figs-synecdoche 0 without sleep for the eyes Here a person is represented by his “eyes.” Alternate translation: “without sleeping” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -ECC 8 17 vk1q figs-activepassive 0 the work that is done under the sun Possible meanings are (1) “the work that God does under the sun” or (2) “the work that God allows people to do under the sun.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +ECC 8 17 vk1q figs-activepassive 0 the work that is done under the sun This could mean: (1) “the work that God does under the sun” or (2) “the work that God allows people to do under the sun.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ECC 8 17 gl2w figs-idiom 0 under the sun This refers to things that are done on earth. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ECC 9 intro j3kr 0 # Ecclesiastes 09 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 9:2, 5-6, and 11-12.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Judgment<br>This chapter explains that there is one thing that awaits all people: judgment. When people die, they will all face Yahweh’s judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) ECC 9 1 hpl4 0 I thought about all this in my mind “I thought very deeply about all this” @@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ ECC 10 14 q1x3 figs-idiom 0 multiplies words This is an idiom. Alternate transl ECC 10 14 m6dn 0 what is coming “what will happen in the future” ECC 10 14 y3nu figs-rquestion 0 Who knows what is coming after him? The writer asks this question to emphasize that no one knows what will happen in the future after one’s death. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one knows what is coming after him.” or “No one knows what will happen after he dies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ECC 10 15 r99g figs-activepassive 0 wearies them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Fools become weary by their toil” or “Fools feel tired by the work that they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -ECC 10 15 d4gn 0 so that they do not even know the road to town Possible meanings are (1) “so much that he is unable to find the road to town.” That the foolish person becomes so tired from working too hard that he is unable to find his way anywhere, or (2) “because he does not even know the way to town.” That the foolish person becomes tired from working too hard because he does not know enough to go home. +ECC 10 15 d4gn 0 so that they do not even know the road to town This could mean: (1) “so much that he is unable to find the road to town.” That the foolish person becomes so tired from working too hard that he is unable to find his way anywhere, or (2) “because he does not even know the way to town.” That the foolish person becomes tired from working too hard because he does not know enough to go home. ECC 10 16 uz4d figs-apostrophe 0 Woe to you, land The writer is speaking to the people of the nation as if they were the land itself, and he is speaking to the land as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) ECC 10 16 l356 0 if your king is a young boy This means that the king is inexperienced or immature. ECC 10 16 yph2 figs-explicit 0 begin feasting in the morning This implies that the leaders are more concerned with having a good time than with leading the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -470,22 +470,22 @@ ECC 10 18 w4li figs-synecdoche 0 because of idle hands Here a person is represe ECC 10 18 y794 figs-synecdoche 0 the house leaks Here the roof is represented by the whole house. Alternate translation: “the roof leaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) ECC 10 19 e3wh figs-abstractnouns 0 People prepare food for laughter The word “laughter” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “People prepare food in order to laugh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) ECC 10 19 jw2q figs-abstractnouns 0 wine brings enjoyment to life The word “enjoyment” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “wine helps people to enjoy life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -ECC 10 19 fsx4 0 money fills the need for everything Possible meanings are (1) “money provides for every need” or (2) “money provides for both food and wine” +ECC 10 19 fsx4 0 money fills the need for everything This could mean: (1) “money provides for every need” or (2) “money provides for both food and wine” ECC 10 20 yf3x figs-metonymy 0 not even in your mind A person’s thoughts are represented by the person’s “mind.” Alternate translation: “not even in your thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ECC 10 20 qbv8 0 rich people in your bedroom “rich people when you are in your bedroom.” This means that you should not curse rich people even when you are in a private place where no one else will hear. ECC 10 20 ba7r figs-parallelism 0 For a bird of the sky…can spread the matter These two lines mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. This speaks of people finding out what you have said as if a small bird would hear what you say and tell other people. Alternate translation: “For a bird may hear what you say and tell the matter to other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ECC 11 intro byx8 0 # Ecclesiastes 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in all of chapter 11.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Advice<br>This chapter gives a series of disconnected pieces of advice. Translators should not try to smooth the transitions between these pieces of advice. The advice in these statements do not apply in every situation. Therefore, they should be seen as “good ideas.” -ECC 11 1 iuj7 figs-metaphor 0 Send out your bread on the waters, for you will find it again after many days Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor that means a person should be generous with his possessions and will then receive generously from others , or (2) that a person should invest his resources overseas and will make a profit from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ECC 11 2 gt4a 0 Share it with seven, even eight people Possible meanings are (1) to share your possessions with many people, or (2) to invest your resources in multiple places. +ECC 11 1 iuj7 figs-metaphor 0 Send out your bread on the waters, for you will find it again after many days This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor that means a person should be generous with his possessions and will then receive generously from others , or (2) that a person should invest his resources overseas and will make a profit from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ECC 11 2 gt4a 0 Share it with seven, even eight people This could mean: (1) to share your possessions with many people, or (2) to invest your resources in multiple places. ECC 11 2 qri5 translate-numbers 0 seven, even eight people “7, even 8 people.” This is an idiom that means “numerous” people. Alternate translation: “numerous people” or “multiple people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ECC 11 2 v5ph figs-metaphor 0 what disasters are coming on the earth Disasters happening is spoken of as if disasters were something that come to a place. Here “on the earth” may imply that these disasters happen to the person who is commanded to share. Alternate translation: “what disasters may happen in the world” or “what bad things may happen to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ECC 11 3 k3vi 0 the clouds are full of rain “the clouds are dark with rain” ECC 11 3 jz5x 0 empty themselves on the earth “empty themselves on the ground” ECC 11 3 g5bd figs-merism 0 toward the south or toward the north Here “south” and “north” represent any direction. Alternate translation: “in any direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -ECC 11 4 g5q9 0 Anyone who watches the wind might not plant Possible meanings are (1) “Any farmer who pays attention to the wind will not plant when the wind is blowing in the wrong direction” or (2) “Any farmer who pays too much attention to the wind will never plant” -ECC 11 4 mym3 0 anyone who watches the clouds might not harvest Possible meanings are (1) “Any farmer who pays attention to the clouds will not harvest when it is about to rain” or (2) “Any farmer who pays too much attention to the clouds will never harvest” +ECC 11 4 g5q9 0 Anyone who watches the wind might not plant This could mean: (1) “Any farmer who pays attention to the wind will not plant when the wind is blowing in the wrong direction” or (2) “Any farmer who pays too much attention to the wind will never plant” +ECC 11 4 mym3 0 anyone who watches the clouds might not harvest This could mean: (1) “Any farmer who pays attention to the clouds will not harvest when it is about to rain” or (2) “Any farmer who pays too much attention to the clouds will never harvest” ECC 11 5 xta9 figs-metaphor 0 As you do not know the path of the wind This speaks of wind blowing as if wind traveled on a path. Alternate translation: “As you do not know where the wind comes from or where it goes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ECC 11 5 gd8z figs-synecdoche 0 how a baby’s bones grow Possible meanings are (1) Here “bones” is a synecdoche representing the baby as a whole. Alternate translation: “how a baby grows” or (2) literally, “how the bones of a baby grow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +ECC 11 5 gd8z figs-synecdoche 0 how a baby’s bones grow This could mean: (1) Here “bones” is a synecdoche representing the baby as a whole. Alternate translation: “how a baby grows” or (2) literally, “how the bones of a baby grow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) ECC 11 6 ncp6 figs-synecdoche 0 work with your hands Here “hands” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “keep on working” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) ECC 11 6 xq2h figs-doublet 0 whether morning or evening, or this or that These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the person’s work may prosper, no matter what time he has done it. Alternate translation: “whether the seed that you planted in the morning or the seed that you planted in the evening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) ECC 11 7 n46l figs-metonymy 0 light is sweet Here the word “light” refers to being able to see the sun and therefore being alive. And, this speaks of the joy of being alive as if the light had a sweet taste. Alternate translation: “it is a joy to be able to see the sun” or “being alive is delightful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -493,8 +493,8 @@ ECC 11 7 lv5e figs-synecdoche 0 for the eyes to see the sun The “eyes” repr ECC 11 8 eh9q 0 happy in all of them Here the word “them” refers to the years that a person is alive. ECC 11 8 w1un figs-metaphor 0 the coming days of darkness Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming” And, here the word “darkness” refers to death. Alternate translation: “how many days that he will be dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) ECC 11 8 y8hl 0 for they will be many Here the word “they” refers to the “days of darkness” Alternate translation: “for he will be dead for many more days than he is alive” or “for he will be dead forever” -ECC 11 8 yk5j figs-metaphor 0 Everything to come is vanishing vapor Here “vanishing vapor” is a metaphor. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “No one knows what will happen after he dies” or (2) Alternate translation: “Everything to come is meaningless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ECC 11 8 fi8k 0 Everything to come Possible meanings are (1) “Everything that happens after death” or (2) “Everything that happens in the future” +ECC 11 8 yk5j figs-metaphor 0 Everything to come is vanishing vapor Here “vanishing vapor” is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “No one knows what will happen after he dies” or (2) Alternate translation: “Everything to come is meaningless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ECC 11 8 fi8k 0 Everything to come This could mean: (1) “Everything that happens after death” or (2) “Everything that happens in the future” ECC 11 9 kq46 figs-parallelism 0 Take joy, young man, in your youth, and let your heart be joyful in the days of your youth These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize that the man should be happy while he is young. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) ECC 11 9 h2ec figs-metonymy 0 let your heart be joyful Here the word “heart” represents the emotions. Alternate translation: “be joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ECC 11 9 vv5u figs-metonymy 0 Pursue the good desires of your heart Here the word “heart” may represent the mind or emotions. Alternate translation: “Pursue the good things that you desire” or “Pursue the good things that you have determined to pursue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ ECC 12 5 jib4 translate-unknown 0 when the almond tree blossoms The “almond t ECC 12 5 p5ym translate-unknown 0 when grasshoppers drag themselves along A grasshopper is a large, straight-winged insect with long, jointed back legs that give it the ability to jump a long way. Here it can only drag itself because it has gotten old and weak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) ECC 12 5 zjw9 figs-abstractnouns 0 when natural desires fail The abstract noun “desires” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “when people no longer desire what they once did naturally” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) ECC 12 5 tea9 figs-euphemism 0 Then man goes to his eternal home This refers to death. Alternate translation: “Then man goes to the place of the dead forever” or “Then a person dies and never returns to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -ECC 12 5 m24n 0 the mourners go down the streets Possible meanings are (1) that mourners go down the streets to attend a funeral, or (2) that mourners go down the streets to the house of the person who is about to die. +ECC 12 5 m24n 0 the mourners go down the streets This could mean: (1) that mourners go down the streets to attend a funeral, or (2) that mourners go down the streets to the house of the person who is about to die. ECC 12 6 buj9 figs-idiom 0 Call to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ECC 12 6 tl6u figs-metaphor 0 before the silver cord is cut…or the water wheel is broken at the well The writer speaks of dying as if it were one of these various broken items. Death will break the body just as suddenly as people accidentally break these items while they are using them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ECC 12 6 e18g figs-activepassive 0 the silver cord is cut This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone cuts the silver cord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/en_tn_22-SNG.tsv b/en_tn_22-SNG.tsv index c15743cefb..86564d012c 100644 --- a/en_tn_22-SNG.tsv +++ b/en_tn_22-SNG.tsv @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ SNG 1 16 x3pr 0 my beloved This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. SNG 1 16 q43e figs-metaphor 0 lush plants are our bed This speaks of the lush plants as if they were a bed. Alternate translation: “lush plants are what we lie down on to sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) SNG 1 16 xed8 0 The lush plants plants that are green, moist, and grow abundantly SNG 1 17 v14z figs-metaphor 0 The beams of our house are cedars; our rafters are firs The woman describes the forest as though it were a house in which they were lying down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -SNG 1 17 q6r8 0 beams…rafters Possible meanings are (1) “beams” refers to large logs used to support everything above the walls and “rafters” refers to the large pieces of wood to which the roof is attached or (2) “beams” refers to the rafters and “rafters” refers to the strips attached to the beams, onto which the builders attached the roofing materials. +SNG 1 17 q6r8 0 beams…rafters This could mean: (1) “beams” refers to large logs used to support everything above the walls and “rafters” refers to the large pieces of wood to which the roof is attached or (2) “beams” refers to the rafters and “rafters” refers to the strips attached to the beams, onto which the builders attached the roofing materials. SNG 1 17 c3e5 translate-unknown 0 cedars…firs Cedars were large and strong trees. The word translated “firs” is a general term for trees like cedars but smaller. If cedar and fir trees are unknown in your area, you could use general terms for the tallest and strongest trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) SNG 2 intro u8uv 0 # Song of Songs 02 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>Women are compared to flowers in this chapter. This metaphor may describe a woman’s beauty and delicacy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Euphemisms<br>It is possible that some of the metaphors used in this chapter are actually euphemisms. These euphemisms would refer to sex or the physical love between a husband a wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) SNG 2 1 bw25 writing-poetry 0 General Information: See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] @@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ SNG 2 3 wf4u 0 the forest The Hebrew word here refers to land where trees grow SNG 2 3 q7kl 0 my beloved This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “my dear one” or “my lover” SNG 2 3 pii3 figs-metaphor 0 I sit down under his shadow with great delight The woman finds great joy and comfort in being so near to the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) SNG 2 3 b5ai figs-metaphor 0 his fruit is sweet to my taste The woman enjoys eating sweet fruit, and she enjoys being near to the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -SNG 2 4 ift6 0 the house of wine Possible meanings are (1) the very large room where the king would serve many people large meals with wine or (2) a small booth in a vineyard where the man and woman could be alone together. -SNG 2 4 rp8q figs-metonymy 0 his banner over me was love Possible meanings are (1) the banner is a metonym for a military escort. And, the military escort is a metaphor that represents the man’s love which gives courage to the woman who was nervous to enter the large room where the king served many people. Alternate translation: “but his loving protection guided me and gave me courage” or (2) the woman knew that the man wanted to make love to her from the way he looked at her. Alternate translation: “he looked at me lovingly” or “when he looked at me, I knew he wanted to make love to me” or (3) they made love. Alternate translation: “he lovingly covered me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +SNG 2 4 ift6 0 the house of wine This could mean: (1) the very large room where the king would serve many people large meals with wine or (2) a small booth in a vineyard where the man and woman could be alone together. +SNG 2 4 rp8q figs-metonymy 0 his banner over me was love This could mean: (1) the banner is a metonym for a military escort. And, the military escort is a metaphor that represents the man’s love which gives courage to the woman who was nervous to enter the large room where the king served many people. Alternate translation: “but his loving protection guided me and gave me courage” or (2) the woman knew that the man wanted to make love to her from the way he looked at her. Alternate translation: “he looked at me lovingly” or “when he looked at me, I knew he wanted to make love to me” or (3) they made love. Alternate translation: “he lovingly covered me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) SNG 2 5 uxb2 0 Revive me “Return my strength” or “Give me energy” SNG 2 5 khc1 0 with raisin cakes “by giving me raisin cakes to eat.” Raisin cakes were cakes made of dried grapes pressed together. SNG 2 5 gs2a 0 refresh me with apricots “support me by giving me apricots” or “help me by giving me apricots” @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ SNG 2 7 w94r 0 of the fields “that live in the countryside.” This was land SNG 2 7 ekc3 figs-personification 0 will not awaken or arouse love until she pleases Here “love” is spoken of as if it were a person asleep that does not want to be awakened. This is a metaphor that represents the man and woman who do not want to be disturbed until they are finished making love. Alternate translation: “will not disturb us until we have finished making love” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) SNG 2 7 fz3j figs-doublet 0 will not awaken or arouse If your language has only one word for waking people out of sleep, you could combine these words. Alternate translation: “will not awaken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) SNG 2 8 aay2 0 General Information: The second part of the book begins here. It is not clear whether the woman is speaking to herself or to the daughters of Jerusalem. -SNG 2 8 j2nl 0 Listen Possible meanings are (1) “Listen carefully to what I am about to say.” You could use a word in your language that tells the hearer to listen carefully, or (2) “Listen so you can hear him coming.” +SNG 2 8 j2nl 0 Listen This could mean: (1) “Listen carefully to what I am about to say.” You could use a word in your language that tells the hearer to listen carefully, or (2) “Listen so you can hear him coming.” SNG 2 8 rn51 0 my beloved This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “my dear one” or “my lover” SNG 2 8 dm9e 0 leaping…jumping The woman shows that she is excited to see the man come by using as few words as possible to describe what he is doing. Your language may have a different way of showing that the speaker is excited about what is happening. SNG 2 8 fr67 figs-metaphor 0 leaping over the mountains, jumping over the hills “leaping on the mountains, running quickly on the hills.” The woman speaks of the man as if he were “a gazelle or a young stag” (verse 9) coming quickly toward her over rough ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ SNG 3 10 f5mj writing-background 0 The description of the bed itself that bega SNG 3 10 w2at 0 Its posts The word “its” refers to King Solomon’s sedan chair. SNG 3 10 xnj4 0 posts The word “posts” here refers to pieces either made of silver or made of wood covered with silver that hold up the tent of cloth around his chair. SNG 3 10 rr69 0 Its interior was “The inside of it was” -SNG 3 10 apj8 0 with love Possible meanings are (1) “with love,” indicating that the women made the sedan beautiful in a special way to show their love for Solomon, or (2) “with leather.” +SNG 3 10 apj8 0 with love This could mean: (1) “with love,” indicating that the women made the sedan beautiful in a special way to show their love for Solomon, or (2) “with leather.” SNG 3 11 i961 0 daughters of Zion “you young women who live in Zion” SNG 3 11 sj76 0 gaze on King Solomon “look at King Solomon.” The word “gaze” refers to look at someone or something for a long time, usually with strong emotional feeling. SNG 3 11 tf1d 0 bearing the crown “wearing the crown” @@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ SNG 5 1 i16q figs-metaphor 0 Eat…drink…be drunk with love Eating and drinki SNG 5 2 a7v6 figs-euphemism 0 General Information: The fourth part of the book begins here. The young woman uses euphemisms to describe her dream so that it can be interpreted in two different ways: (1) the woman describes a dream about a night when the man came to visit her at her house; and (2) the woman describes a dream about starting to sleep with the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) SNG 5 2 biy3 figs-idiom 0 but my heart was awake The heart is the center of thought and feeling. Alternate translation: “but I could think clearly” or “but I knew what I was feeling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) SNG 5 2 tk43 0 my beloved This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “my dear one” or “my lover” -SNG 5 2 qjv8 figs-explicit 0 Open to me Possible meanings are (1) literal, “Open the door for me,” or (2) metaphorical, “Let me make love to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +SNG 5 2 qjv8 figs-explicit 0 Open to me This could mean: (1) literal, “Open the door for me,” or (2) metaphorical, “Let me make love to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) SNG 5 2 rx38 figs-idiom 0 my sister This is an idiom of affection. They are not actually brother and sister. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:9](../04/09.md). Alternate translation: “my dear” or “my darling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) SNG 5 2 d52k 0 my love “you whom I love.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:9](../01/09.md). SNG 5 2 c27j 0 my dove See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 2:14](../02/14.md). @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ SNG 5 3 h4w3 0 must I get them dirty? This can be translated as a statement. A SNG 5 4 w3ff figs-euphemism 0 My beloved put in his hand through the opening of the door latch Possible interpretations are (1) literal, the lover reaches into the house through a hole in the door in order to open the door or (2) euphemisic, they have begun to make love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) SNG 5 4 hqn5 0 My beloved This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “My dear one” or “My lover” SNG 5 4 nns1 0 door latch “door lock” -SNG 5 5 w3k2 figs-metaphor 0 I got up to open the door for my beloved Possible meanings are (1) literal, the young woman got out of bed in order to let the man into the house, or (2) metaphorical. Alternate translation: “I prepared myself to make love with my beloved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +SNG 5 5 w3k2 figs-metaphor 0 I got up to open the door for my beloved This could mean: (1) literal, the young woman got out of bed in order to let the man into the house, or (2) metaphorical. Alternate translation: “I prepared myself to make love with my beloved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) SNG 5 5 q3qx figs-euphemism 0 my hands…my fingers…door handle While these may be euphemisms for the woman’s and man’s bodies, it is best to translate literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) SNG 5 5 ycr1 0 with moist myrrh “with liquid myrrh” SNG 5 6 vgj4 0 General Information: The woman continues to describe her dream. @@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ SNG 5 10 hms2 figs-metaphor 0 outstanding among ten thousand “the best of 10, SNG 5 11 s23z figs-metaphor 0 His head is the purest gold The man’s head is as precious to the woman as the purest gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) SNG 5 11 m1w4 figs-simile 0 a raven a bird with very black feathers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) SNG 5 12 pn5r 0 General Information: The young woman continues to describe the man. -SNG 5 12 m6e7 figs-metonymy 0 His eyes are like doves Translate “eyes are like doves” as in [Song of Songs 1:15](../01/15.md). Possible meanings are (1) the Israelites considered doves to be gentle and soft birds, and the woman considers the man’s eyes beautiful because the way the man looks at her makes her think he is gentle. Alternate translation: “His eyes are gentle like doves” or (2) the woman is speaking of the man’s white eyeballs or the shape of his eyes, the shape of a dove. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +SNG 5 12 m6e7 figs-metonymy 0 His eyes are like doves Translate “eyes are like doves” as in [Song of Songs 1:15](../01/15.md). This could mean: (1) the Israelites considered doves to be gentle and soft birds, and the woman considers the man’s eyes beautiful because the way the man looks at her makes her think he is gentle. Alternate translation: “His eyes are gentle like doves” or (2) the woman is speaking of the man’s white eyeballs or the shape of his eyes, the shape of a dove. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) SNG 5 12 knr8 figs-metaphor 0 doves beside streams of water Birds that the Israelites considered gentle sitting beside a gently flowing stream are a metaphor for a gentle person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) SNG 5 12 xp2d 0 streams of water “gently flowing water” SNG 5 12 tr46 figs-metaphor 0 bathed in milk Milk is a metaphor for the whiteness of the doves. Alternate translation: (1) “doves that are white like milk” or (2) milk is a metaphor for the white part of the man’s eyes. Alternate translation: “his pupils are like doves bathing in white milk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ SNG 8 5 zfa2 0 the apricot tree a tree that produces a small yellow fruit that SNG 8 5 g9tp 0 there under the apricot tree SNG 8 5 d4ub 0 she delivered you “she bore you” SNG 8 6 y4fz 0 General Information: The young woman continues to speak to the man. -SNG 8 6 jr5m figs-metaphor 0 Set me as a seal over your heart, like a seal on your arm Possible meanings are (1) because seals were very important, people always kept them around their neck or on their hand. The woman wants to be with the man constantly like a seal, or (2) a seal shows who owns the thing that has the seal on it, and the woman wants herself as the seal on the man’s heart and arm to show that all of his thoughts, emotions, and actions belong to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +SNG 8 6 jr5m figs-metaphor 0 Set me as a seal over your heart, like a seal on your arm This could mean: (1) because seals were very important, people always kept them around their neck or on their hand. The woman wants to be with the man constantly like a seal, or (2) a seal shows who owns the thing that has the seal on it, and the woman wants herself as the seal on the man’s heart and arm to show that all of his thoughts, emotions, and actions belong to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) SNG 8 6 yzj4 figs-simile 0 for love is as strong as death Death is very strong because it overcomes even the most powerful people of the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) SNG 8 6 tci8 figs-simile 0 as unrelenting as Sheol “as tough as Sheol.” Sheol never allows people to come back to life after they have already died. Love is as persistent as Sheol because it never changes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) SNG 8 6 fvz9 figs-metaphor 0 its flames burst out…any other fire Love is very powerful like fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/en_tn_23-ISA.tsv b/en_tn_23-ISA.tsv index b5e66e660d..122e405bc7 100644 --- a/en_tn_23-ISA.tsv +++ b/en_tn_23-ISA.tsv @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ ISA 1 1 zfq5 translate-names 0 Amoz Amoz was the father of Isaiah. (See: [[rc:/ ISA 1 1 i66y figs-metonymy 0 Judah and Jerusalem “Judah” refers to the southern kingdom of Israel. “Jerusalem” was its most important city. The names of the places represent the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “those living in Judah and Jerusalem” or “the people of Judah and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 1 1 qsh3 figs-idiom 0 in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah This is an idiom and refers to the time when each king reigned. They reigned one after the other, not all at the same time. Alternate translation: “when Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah were kings of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ISA 1 2 qju5 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -ISA 1 2 m42x figs-apostrophe 0 Hear, heavens, and give ear, earth Although these prophecies were meant for the people of Jerusalem and Judah to hear, Isaiah knows they will not listen. Possible meanings are (1) he speaks in apostrophe, as though the “heavens” and “earth” would be able to listen to what Yahweh said, or (2) the words “heavens” and “earth” are metonyms and a merism for all living beings everywhere. Alternate translation: “you who live in the heavens…you who live on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +ISA 1 2 m42x figs-apostrophe 0 Hear, heavens, and give ear, earth Although these prophecies were meant for the people of Jerusalem and Judah to hear, Isaiah knows they will not listen. This could mean: (1) he speaks in apostrophe, as though the “heavens” and “earth” would be able to listen to what Yahweh said, or (2) the words “heavens” and “earth” are metonyms and a merism for all living beings everywhere. Alternate translation: “you who live in the heavens…you who live on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) ISA 1 2 v1jh 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. ISA 1 2 q3lw 0 I have nourished and brought up children, but they have rebelled against me Words that Yahweh spoke and which Isaiah is speaking to the Israelites for Yahweh. ISA 1 2 nn1n figs-metaphor 0 I have nourished and brought up children Yahweh speaks as if his words were food and as if the Israelites were his children. Alternate translation: “I have taken care of the people living in Judah like they were my children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ ISA 1 3 k1dl figs-ellipsis 0 the donkey his master’s feeding trough You can m ISA 1 3 i9j2 0 but Israel does not know, Israel does not understand This probably means “but the people of Israel do not know me, they do not understand that I am the one who cares for them.” ISA 1 3 gxd1 figs-metonymy 0 Israel This is a metonym for the people of Israel. Judah is part of what had been the nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 1 4 s8qu figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -ISA 1 4 blg2 0 Nation, sinners Possible meanings are (1) Isaiah is saying two different things about them. Alternate translation: “Nation of Israel, you sinners” or (2) he is saying only one thing about them. Alternate translation: “Nation of sinners” +ISA 1 4 blg2 0 Nation, sinners This could mean: (1) Isaiah is saying two different things about them. Alternate translation: “Nation of Israel, you sinners” or (2) he is saying only one thing about them. Alternate translation: “Nation of sinners” ISA 1 4 w37n figs-metaphor 0 a people weighed down with iniquity Something very heavy that a person might carry is a metaphor for their many sins. Alternate translation: “their sin is like a heavy bag on their shoulders that makes it hard for them to walk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 1 4 j97s figs-metaphor 0 offspring of evildoers The word “offspring” is a metaphor for people who do what others have done. Alternate translation: “people who do the same evil they see others doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 1 4 bwr8 0 act corruptly do evil deeds @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ ISA 1 7 l3um figs-abstractnouns 0 abandoned devastation “empty and devastated ISA 1 7 ygn5 figs-activepassive 0 overthrown by strangers This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “strangers have overthrown your country” or “a foreign army has completely conquered it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 1 8 c1rf figs-activepassive 0 The daughter of Zion is left This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have left the daughter of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 1 8 lkv3 figs-idiom 0 The daughter of Zion The “daughter” of a city means the people of the city. Alternate translation: “The people of Zion” or “The people who live in Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -ISA 1 8 xl8k figs-simile 0 is left like a hut in a vineyard, like a shed in a garden of cucumbers Possible meanings are (1) “has become as small as a hut in a vineyard or a shed in a garden of cucumbers” or (2) “is left the way a farmer leaves a hut in a vineyard or a shed in a garden of cucumbers when he is finished with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +ISA 1 8 xl8k figs-simile 0 is left like a hut in a vineyard, like a shed in a garden of cucumbers This could mean: (1) “has become as small as a hut in a vineyard or a shed in a garden of cucumbers” or (2) “is left the way a farmer leaves a hut in a vineyard or a shed in a garden of cucumbers when he is finished with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ISA 1 8 qnb3 0 like…cucumbers, like a besieged city Another possible meaning is “like…cucumbers. She is a besieged city” ISA 1 9 cf1d figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) ISA 1 9 a3aq figs-hypo 0 If Yahweh This describes something that could have happened in the past but did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ ISA 1 12 z32c figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks Yahweh’s ISA 1 12 p91g figs-rquestion 0 who has required this of you, to trample my courts? The word “trample” means to step on and crush with one’s feet. God is using a question to scold the people who live in Judah. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one told you to stomp around in my courtyards!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ISA 1 13 a4yw 0 Bring no more meaningless offerings “Do not bring me any more of your worthless gifts” ISA 1 13 qg5t figs-abstractnouns 0 incense is an abomination to me Here the abstract noun “abomination” can expressed as the verb “hate.” Alternate translation: “I hate the incense the priests burn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -ISA 1 13 y2mq 0 I cannot tolerate these wicked assemblies Possible meanings are (1) “I cannot allow you to gather together because of the wicked things you do” or (2) “I cannot allow myself to watch you gather together because of the wicked things you do.” +ISA 1 13 y2mq 0 I cannot tolerate these wicked assemblies This could mean: (1) “I cannot allow you to gather together because of the wicked things you do” or (2) “I cannot allow myself to watch you gather together because of the wicked things you do.” ISA 1 14 x2u9 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks Yahweh’s words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) ISA 1 14 u5nj figs-metonymy 0 your new moons and your appointed feasts The words “new moons” are a metonym for the celebrations of the new moon. They are also a synecdoche for all regular celebrations. Alternate translation: “your celebrations of the new moon and your other regular feasts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) ISA 1 14 f4rl 0 new moons A new moon is when the moon first shows light after having been dark. @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ ISA 1 26 usx1 0 at the first…at the beginning These are two ways of speaking ISA 1 26 i1s1 figs-activepassive 0 you will be called This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will call you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 1 26 d4ji figs-metonymy 0 the city of righteousness, a faithful town Here “city” and “town” refer to the people living in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the city where the people are righteous and loyal to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 1 27 glh4 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks Yahweh’s words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -ISA 1 27 qa1v figs-activepassive 0 Zion will be redeemed by justice, and her repentant ones by righteousness This can be stated in active form. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh will redeem Zion because the people there do what is just, and he will redeem those who repent because they do what Yahweh says is right” or (2) “Yahweh will redeem Zion because he is just, and he will redeem those who repent because he is righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +ISA 1 27 qa1v figs-activepassive 0 Zion will be redeemed by justice, and her repentant ones by righteousness This can be stated in active form. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. This could mean: (1) “Yahweh will redeem Zion because the people there do what is just, and he will redeem those who repent because they do what Yahweh says is right” or (2) “Yahweh will redeem Zion because he is just, and he will redeem those who repent because he is righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) ISA 1 27 z5g9 figs-metonymy 0 Zion This is a metonym for the people who live on Mount Zion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 1 28 fi96 figs-activepassive 0 Rebels and sinners will be crushed together This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will destroy those who rebel and sin against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 1 28 ekb3 figs-activepassive 0 those who abandon Yahweh will be done away with This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will completely do away with those who turn away from him” or “and Yahweh will kill all who reject him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -172,9 +172,9 @@ ISA 2 12 u89l figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks to the peop ISA 2 12 ypp7 figs-activepassive 0 who is proud and raised up One who is “raised up” is proud and considers himself better than other people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who is proud and who raises himself above other people” or “who is proud and thinks that he is better than other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 2 12 ew97 figs-doublet 0 who is proud…who is arrogant Someone who is arrogant speaks and acts as if he is better than other people. These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize that Yahweh will punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) ISA 2 12 t5zf figs-activepassive 0 he will be brought down “every proud person will be brought down.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will humble him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -ISA 2 13 icm3 figs-metaphor 0 against all the cedars of Lebanon…against all the oaks of Bashan The “day of Yahweh of Hosts” will be against the cedars and oaks. Possible meanings are (1) these trees are a metaphor for the proud people whom God will judge or (2) God will actually destroy these mighty trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 2 13 icm3 figs-metaphor 0 against all the cedars of Lebanon…against all the oaks of Bashan The “day of Yahweh of Hosts” will be against the cedars and oaks. This could mean: (1) these trees are a metaphor for the proud people whom God will judge or (2) God will actually destroy these mighty trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 2 14 rx5g figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. He continues to describe what will happen on the day of Yahweh of Hosts ([Isaiah 2:12](../02/12.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -ISA 2 14 d97m 0 against In 2:14-16 Isaiah lists things that God will destroy. Possible meanings are (1) these refer to prideful people that God will humble or (2) God will actually destroy all these things in the list. +ISA 2 14 d97m 0 against In 2:14-16 Isaiah lists things that God will destroy. This could mean: (1) these refer to prideful people that God will humble or (2) God will actually destroy all these things in the list. ISA 2 14 mud8 figs-metaphor 0 mountains…hills These words are metaphors for the pride of the Israelites. They also appear in [Isaiah 2:2](../02/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 2 14 td8x figs-idiom 0 that are lifted up This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that are very high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ISA 2 15 u56r figs-metaphor 0 high tower…impregnable wall These refer to things people would build around their cities so they could defend themselves against their enemies. They are a metaphor for the Israelites’ pride and belief that they had no need for Yahweh and could stand against any punishment Yahweh would mete out to them for their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -207,15 +207,15 @@ ISA 3 1 b6ce figs-metaphor 0 support and staff Both of these words refer to a w ISA 3 2 c9rl figs-genericnoun 0 the mighty man…the warrior…the judge…the prophet…the one who practices divination…the elder This is a list of categories of people that others depend on. Since they do not refer to particular individuals, they can all be translated with plural nouns as in the UST. Alternate translation: “the mighty men…the warriors…the judges…the prophets…the ones who practices divination…the elders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) ISA 3 2 zv6c 0 the one who practices divination This is a person who claims that he can tell the future by looking at things like animal parts and leaves. See how you translated similar words in [Isaiah 2:6](../02/06.md). ISA 3 3 q6s4 figs-genericnoun 0 the captain of fifty…the respected citizen…the counselor…the expert craftsman…the skillful enchanter This is a list of categories of people that others depend on. Since they do not refer to particular individuals, they can all be translated with plural nouns as in the UST. Alternate translation: “the captains of fifty…the respected citizens…the counselors…the expert craftsmen…the skillful enchanters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) -ISA 3 3 kui6 translate-numbers 0 the captain of fifty Possible meanings are (1) the word “fifty” represents the exact amount of soldiers that the captain led. Alternate translation: “the captains of 50 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “fifty” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a small military unit. Alternate translation: “the captain of a small military unit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +ISA 3 3 kui6 translate-numbers 0 the captain of fifty This could mean: (1) the word “fifty” represents the exact amount of soldiers that the captain led. Alternate translation: “the captains of 50 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “fifty” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a small military unit. Alternate translation: “the captain of a small military unit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) ISA 3 3 jms3 translate-numbers 0 fifty “50” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -ISA 3 4 y5ha figs-parallelism 0 I will place mere youths as their leaders, and the young will rule over them These phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are (1) “I will place young people as their leaders, and those young people will rule over them” or (2) “youths” is a metaphor for simple and foolish men. Alternate translation: “I will place over them leaders who are immature, like young people, and those bad leaders will rule over them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 3 4 y5ha figs-parallelism 0 I will place mere youths as their leaders, and the young will rule over them These phrases mean basically the same thing. This could mean: (1) “I will place young people as their leaders, and those young people will rule over them” or (2) “youths” is a metaphor for simple and foolish men. Alternate translation: “I will place over them leaders who are immature, like young people, and those bad leaders will rule over them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 3 4 l2g7 figs-explicit 0 I will place Here the word “I” refers to Yahweh. This can also be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh says, ‘I will place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ISA 3 5 f5ah figs-activepassive 0 The people will be oppressed, every one by another, and every one by his neighbor This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Everyone will be cruel to others and will mistreat his neighbor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 3 5 rs6x 0 the degraded “the people who are without honor” or “the people whom no one respects” ISA 3 5 c8vy 0 the honorable “the people with honor” or “the people whom everyone respects” ISA 3 6 erd8 figs-metaphor 0 let this ruin be in your hands Here “hands” represents authority. Alternate translation: “take charge of this ruin” or “rule over this ruin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ISA 3 6 l4fv figs-metaphor 0 this ruin Possible meanings are (1) many or most of the buildings in the city of Jerusalem were destroyed or (2) the people in Jerusalem have no more prosperity or leadership. Alternate translation: “this city, which is now ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 3 6 l4fv figs-metaphor 0 this ruin This could mean: (1) many or most of the buildings in the city of Jerusalem were destroyed or (2) the people in Jerusalem have no more prosperity or leadership. Alternate translation: “this city, which is now ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 3 7 p9fr figs-metaphor 0 I will not be a healer Solving the people’s troubles is spoken of as if it were healing them. Alternate translation: “No, I cannot fix this problem” or “No, I cannot help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 3 8 ze64 0 Connecting Statement: The prophet begins to comment on this situation. ISA 3 8 un4e figs-metaphor 0 Jerusalem has stumbled, and Judah has fallen Disobeying God is spoken of as if it were stumbling and falling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -228,9 +228,9 @@ ISA 3 10 yki9 figs-genericnoun 0 the righteous person This refers to righteous ISA 3 10 s5vz figs-metaphor 0 for they will eat the fruit of their deeds Deeds are spoken of as if they were trees giving fruit that can be eaten. The fruit stands for the reward for doing good deeds. Alternate translation: “for they will receive their reward for their good deeds” or “for they will receive their reward for the good things they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 3 10 i1nt 0 they will eat the fruit of their deeds The Hebrew text has these plural pronouns here, but they refer to any righteous person. Translators can choose to translate them as singular: “he will eat the fruit of his deeds.” ISA 3 11 ti8h figs-metonymy 0 for the recompense of his hands will be done to him Here “hands” stands for the deeds that the person has done. Alternate translation: “for what the wicked person has done to others will be done to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ISA 3 12 yn5p 0 My people…My people Possible meanings are (1) Isaiah is talking and “My” refers to Isaiah, or (2) Yahweh is talking and “My” refers to Yahweh. -ISA 3 12 zg6p figs-metaphor 0 children are their oppressors Possible meanings are (1) “young people have become their leaders and they oppress the people” or (2) “their leaders are immature like children and oppress the people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ISA 3 12 j52r 0 women rule over them Possible meanings are (1) “women rule over the people” or (2) “their leaders are weak like women.” +ISA 3 12 yn5p 0 My people…My people This could mean: (1) Isaiah is talking and “My” refers to Isaiah, or (2) Yahweh is talking and “My” refers to Yahweh. +ISA 3 12 zg6p figs-metaphor 0 children are their oppressors This could mean: (1) “young people have become their leaders and they oppress the people” or (2) “their leaders are immature like children and oppress the people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 3 12 j52r 0 women rule over them This could mean: (1) “women rule over the people” or (2) “their leaders are weak like women.” ISA 3 12 t5bp figs-metaphor 0 those who guide you lead you astray and confuse the direction of your path It was common in the Ancient Middle East to speak of a nation’s leaders as if they were shepherds. As shepherds lead the sheep along good paths to safety, leaders should teach the people the truth and help them do what is right. Judah’s leaders were not doing this. Alternate translation: “your leaders are like bad shepherds who lead you away from good paths and do not show you where to go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 3 13 c84g figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh stands up for an accusation; he is standing to accuse the people Isaiah speaks of Yahweh’s decision to harm the people as if Yahweh were bringing a legal accusation in a courtroom against the people of Israel. The second part of this line means the same thing as the first part, but it says it a little more completely. Alternate translation: “It is as though Yahweh had taken his place in a courtroom and were ready to accuse the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) ISA 3 14 exq5 figs-metaphor 0 will come with judgment Judgment is spoken of as if it were an object that one could bring to another person. Alternate translation: “will announce his judgment” or “will declare his judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -276,19 +276,19 @@ ISA 3 26 kz3l figs-metonymy 0 Jerusalem’s gates will lament and mourn Here th ISA 3 26 qeu2 figs-personification 0 she will be alone and sit upon the ground Isaiah speaks of the people of Jerusalem, whom no one will save from their enemies, as if they were the city itself and as if they were a woman who sits on the ground because all her friends have deserted her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 4 intro xy1x 0 # Isaiah 04 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### More women than men<br>This chapter describes a time when there will be many more women than men in Judah. This is because so many of Judah’s fighting men will have died before the exile. Those who come through this difficult time will be a holy remnant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Branch of Yahweh<br>Scholars are divided over the possible meaning of this metaphor. Some believe it is a reference to the Messiah, while others believe it is a reference to the faithful remnant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) ISA 4 1 ke3e figs-idiom 0 let us take your name This phrase means “let us marry you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -ISA 4 2 ki64 figs-synecdoche 0 the branch of Yahweh will be beautiful Possible meanings are (1) “branch” is a synecdoche that represents the crops Yahweh will cause to grow in the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause the crops in Israel to be beautiful” or (2) “branch” is a metaphor that refers to the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 4 2 ki64 figs-synecdoche 0 the branch of Yahweh will be beautiful This could mean: (1) “branch” is a synecdoche that represents the crops Yahweh will cause to grow in the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause the crops in Israel to be beautiful” or (2) “branch” is a metaphor that refers to the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 4 2 egm3 0 will be beautiful and glorious “will be full of beauty and glory” ISA 4 2 ree3 figs-metaphor 0 the fruit of the land will be tasty and delightful for those survivors in Israel “Fruit” sometimes simply represents food produced in the land, and sometimes it represents spiritual blessings. Possible meanings here are (1) God will cause the land to produce good food again. Alternate translation: “the people who are still in Israel will enjoy the best food from the land” or (2) the future Messiah will bring spiritual blessings to the people in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 4 3 z8mg figs-parallelism 0 the one who is left in Zion and the one who remains in Jerusalem Both of these statements mean the same thing. Here “the one who” does not refer to a specific person but to people in general who are still alive in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “everyone who remains in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) ISA 4 3 gb1i figs-activepassive 0 will be called holy This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Lord will call them holy” or “will belong to the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 4 3 pe1n figs-activepassive 0 everyone who is written down as living in Jerusalem This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “everyone whose name is on the list of the people who live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 4 4 af4y figs-metaphor 0 when the Lord will have washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion This expression speaks of sin as if it were physical dirt. Alternate translation: “after the Lord removes the sins of the daughters of Zion as someone washes away filth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ISA 4 4 idm2 0 the daughters of Zion Possible meanings are (1) the women of Jerusalem or (2) the people of Jerusalem. +ISA 4 4 idm2 0 the daughters of Zion This could mean: (1) the women of Jerusalem or (2) the people of Jerusalem. ISA 4 4 el4d figs-metonymy 0 will have cleansed the blood stains from Jerusalem’s midst “Blood stains” here represents violence and murder. Alternate translation: “will have taken away those in Jerusalem who harm innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 4 4 i2xn figs-metaphor 0 by means of the spirit of judgment and the spirit of flaming fire This is how God would remove the sin from Jerusalem. Here “spirit” probably represents the activity of judging and burning. Alternate translation: “by judgment and flaming fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ISA 4 4 l3vm 0 spirit of judgment Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will punish the people or (2) Yahweh will declare the people guilty. -ISA 4 4 si1b figs-metaphor 0 the spirit of flaming fire Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor that means Yahweh will remove sinners from Zion like a fire removes impurities or (2) “flaming fire” is a metonym that represents the destruction in general of all the sinners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ISA 4 5 yk4j 0 a canopy over all the glory Possible meanings are (1) a canopy for protecting the glorious city, or (2) a canopy consisting of God’s glory that will protect the city. If the first meaning is followed, then it may further mean that the city is glorious because Yahweh is present in it. +ISA 4 4 l3vm 0 spirit of judgment This could mean: (1) Yahweh will punish the people or (2) Yahweh will declare the people guilty. +ISA 4 4 si1b figs-metaphor 0 the spirit of flaming fire This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor that means Yahweh will remove sinners from Zion like a fire removes impurities or (2) “flaming fire” is a metonym that represents the destruction in general of all the sinners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +ISA 4 5 yk4j 0 a canopy over all the glory This could mean: (1) a canopy for protecting the glorious city, or (2) a canopy consisting of God’s glory that will protect the city. If the first meaning is followed, then it may further mean that the city is glorious because Yahweh is present in it. ISA 4 5 h7ct 0 canopy This is a cloth that is hung over something to cover it for protecton. ISA 5 intro g25h 0 # Isaiah 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Woe<br>This chapter presents a series of woes, or judgments against those who are spoken against. Most of these judgements are due to the lack of justice in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Allegory<br>This chapter begins as an allegory. An allegory is a story with a symbolic meaning. This allegory is meant to teach the Jews that they sinned against Yahweh and that there was nothing more he could have done for them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>==Animals being present where people once lived==<br>Verse 17 (“Then the sheep will feed as in their own pasture, and in the ruins of the rich people, lambs will graze”) is an example of the Old Testament’s prophets’ habit of describing complete ruin and desolation in terms of a picture of animals--usually wild animals, but here sheep and lambs--living in or feeding in those places. Whether the picture is of flocks or wild animals, the purpose is to say that the human habitation has gone back to wild nature, and that this has happened because of God’s punishment on the people. ISA 5 1 wd3z figs-parables 0 General Information: Isaiah tells a parable about a farmer and his vineyard. The farmer represents God and the vineyard represents the people of Judah, the southern kingdom of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) @@ -379,12 +379,12 @@ ISA 5 27 m2qf 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe the army tha ISA 5 27 q27w 0 tire…stumble…slumbers…sleeps These four words progress from being tired from work to being unable to walk well, to being unable to stay awake, to full sleep, so all four should appear in the translation. ISA 5 27 hac2 0 Nor are their belts loose The soldiers kept their clothes tight so it would easier to move and fight. ISA 5 27 xx4t 0 the thongs of their sandals “the straps of their sandals” -ISA 5 28 j18k figs-simile 0 their horses’ hooves are like flint “their hooves are like hard stone.” Isaiah compares the hard part of a horse’s foot to flint, which is a hard stone that can cause sparks when struck. Possible meanings are (1) Isaiah compares their hooves to flint so to describe the frightening image of their feet causing sparks as they run or (2) Isaiah compares their hooves to flint to emphasize how strong their hooves are which enables the horse to do whatever their master want them to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +ISA 5 28 j18k figs-simile 0 their horses’ hooves are like flint “their hooves are like hard stone.” Isaiah compares the hard part of a horse’s foot to flint, which is a hard stone that can cause sparks when struck. This could mean: (1) Isaiah compares their hooves to flint so to describe the frightening image of their feet causing sparks as they run or (2) Isaiah compares their hooves to flint to emphasize how strong their hooves are which enables the horse to do whatever their master want them to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ISA 5 28 a4f3 figs-simile 0 their chariot wheels like storms Isaiah compares the chariot wheels to storms in order to imply that they will destroy everything in their path. Alternate translation: “the wheels of the chariots will spin like a windstorm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ISA 5 28 x4c6 0 chariot wheels These wheels often had sharp blades attached to them that would cut to pieces anyone the chariot passed close to. ISA 5 29 v8gp 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe the army that will attack Judah ([Isaiah 5:26](../05/26.md)). ISA 5 29 dv1u figs-metonymy 0 young lions A young age is a metonym for strength. Alternate translation: “the strongest lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ISA 5 29 jhq5 figs-metaphor 0 They will growl and seize the prey Isaiah compares the enemy killing the people of Judah to a lion killing a weaker animal. Possible meanings are (1) lions make a sound not as loud as a roar just before they strike, or (2) the writer is using two words to mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +ISA 5 29 jhq5 figs-metaphor 0 They will growl and seize the prey Isaiah compares the enemy killing the people of Judah to a lion killing a weaker animal. This could mean: (1) lions make a sound not as loud as a roar just before they strike, or (2) the writer is using two words to mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) ISA 5 29 kw8f 0 prey animals that another animal wants to catch and kill ISA 5 29 ixb3 0 with none to rescue “and no one will be able to save them” ISA 5 30 x52f 0 will roar…sea roars The word “roar” here is translated “growl” in verse 29. Use your language’s word for the sound of waves in a storm or heavy rain or some other frightening natural sound. @@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ ISA 6 8 n956 figs-synecdoche 0 the voice of the Lord say Here “voice” repre ISA 6 8 at9k figs-explicit 0 Whom shall I send It is implied that Yahweh will send someone to speak his message to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Whom shall I send to be a messenger to my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ISA 6 8 ria2 figs-exclusive 0 who will go for us It seems “us” refers to Yahweh and the members of his heavenly council to whom he is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) ISA 6 9 vja4 0 this people “the people of Israel” -ISA 6 9 iq3c figs-imperative 0 Listen, but do not understand; see, but do not perceive Possible meanings are (1) the imperatives “do not understand” and “do not perceive” express what God is causing to happen. Alternate translation: “You will listen, but Yahweh will not let you understand; you will look carefully, but Yahweh will not allow you to understand” or (2) the imperatives “Listen” and “see” express the idea of “if.” Alternate translation: “Even if you listen you will not understand; even if you look carefully, you will not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) +ISA 6 9 iq3c figs-imperative 0 Listen, but do not understand; see, but do not perceive This could mean: (1) the imperatives “do not understand” and “do not perceive” express what God is causing to happen. Alternate translation: “You will listen, but Yahweh will not let you understand; you will look carefully, but Yahweh will not allow you to understand” or (2) the imperatives “Listen” and “see” express the idea of “if.” Alternate translation: “Even if you listen you will not understand; even if you look carefully, you will not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) ISA 6 9 m1yh figs-ellipsis 0 Listen, but do not understand; see, but do not perceive You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “Listen to Yahweh’s message, but do not understand what it means; look at what Yahweh is doing, but do not realize what it means” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) ISA 6 10 j69r 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Isaiah what he must do when Yahweh sends him to preach to the people. ISA 6 10 q3as figs-metonymy 0 Make the heart of this people insensitive Here “heart” represents a person’s mind. A person who does not think clearly and is unable to understand and care about what is happening is spoken of as if his heart were insensitive. Alternate translation: “Make these people unable to understand” or “Make the minds of these people dull” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ ISA 7 3 u3qa translate-names 0 Shear-Jashub Translators may also add a footnote ISA 7 3 dcs8 0 at the end of the conduit of the upper pool “where the water flows out of the tunnel and enters the upper pool” ISA 7 3 jx5e 0 conduit man-made ditch or tunnel through which water flows ISA 7 3 iiu7 0 road If your language has a word for a road or path that people have made smooth by filling in the low places and lowering the high places, you can use it here. -ISA 7 3 v3uw translate-names 0 Launderer’s Field Possible meanings are (1) this is the proper name by which the people called the field or (2) this is the common noun that the people used to talk about the field, “the launderer’s field” or “the field where men wash wool” or “the field where women wash clothes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +ISA 7 3 v3uw translate-names 0 Launderer’s Field This could mean: (1) this is the proper name by which the people called the field or (2) this is the common noun that the people used to talk about the field, “the launderer’s field” or “the field where men wash wool” or “the field where women wash clothes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ISA 7 3 cts4 translate-names 0 Launderer’s Field A launderer is either (1) a man who washes wool that someone has cut from the sheep, “Wool Washer Field,” or (2) a woman who washes dirty clothes, “Clothes Washer Field.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ISA 7 4 tuu2 0 Tell him “Tell Ahaz” ISA 7 4 ze8i figs-metaphor 0 do not be afraid or intimidated by these two smoldering firebrands, by the fierce anger of Rezin and Aram, and of Pekah son of Remaliah God compares Rezin and Pekah to burning sticks whose fire has gone out and are making smoke now. God is emphasizing that they are not real threats to Judah. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “do not let Rezin and Pekah make you afraid; their fierce anger is like a burning stick whose fire has gone out and there is only smoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ ISA 7 13 zw34 figs-metonymy 0 house of David The word “house” is a metonym ISA 7 13 v36u figs-rquestion 0 Is it not enough for you people to test the patience of people? Must you also test the patience of my God? These questions emphasize that the king has sinned greatly. Alternate translation: “You test the patience of people! Now you even test the patience of my God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ISA 7 14 ecy9 0 the young woman will conceive Some ancient versions and some contemporary versions translate, “the virgin will conceive,” while others translate “the young woman will conceive.” ISA 7 14 s44h translate-names 0 his name Immanuel Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Immanuel means ‘God with us.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -ISA 7 15 jl15 figs-explicit 0 He will eat curds and honey when he knows to refuse the evil and choose the good Possible meanings are (1) “By the time that child is old enough to eat curds and honey, he will be able to reject what is evil and choose what is good.” This emphasizes that the child will be very young when he knows to choose what is right instead of wrong or (2) “By the time the child is old enough to reject what is evil and choose what is good, he will be eating curds and honey.” The people of Judah considered a child to be responsible for doing what is right when he was 12 years old. This emphasizes that within twelve years the people will be able to eat much curds and honey because most of the people of Israel will be killed or taken as captives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +ISA 7 15 jl15 figs-explicit 0 He will eat curds and honey when he knows to refuse the evil and choose the good This could mean: (1) “By the time that child is old enough to eat curds and honey, he will be able to reject what is evil and choose what is good.” This emphasizes that the child will be very young when he knows to choose what is right instead of wrong or (2) “By the time the child is old enough to reject what is evil and choose what is good, he will be eating curds and honey.” The people of Judah considered a child to be responsible for doing what is right when he was 12 years old. This emphasizes that within twelve years the people will be able to eat much curds and honey because most of the people of Israel will be killed or taken as captives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ISA 7 15 s9yg 0 curds milk that people have treated to make it into a soft solid ISA 7 15 di2m figs-nominaladj 0 refuse the evil and choose the good Here “the evil” and “the good” refer to evil and good things in general. Alternate translation: “refuse to do evil deeds and choose to do good deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) ISA 7 16 e7h5 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe the sign that God will give the house of David. @@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ ISA 7 20 d2rx figs-activepassive 0 that was hired This can be stated in active ISA 7 20 yli5 0 the head…the hair of the legs…also…the beard It was bad to have someone shave the top of the head; it was worse to have someone shave “the hair of the legs”; it was worst of all to have someone shave the beard. ISA 7 20 y3tv figs-metaphor 0 the head…the hair of the legs…the beard Isaiah does not say whose head, hair, and beard the Lord is going to shave, but Ahaz and the reader would understand that this is a man; the man is a metaphor for the people living in the land of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 7 20 tyl9 figs-metonymy 0 the head Here “the head” represents the hair that grows on it. Alternate translation: “the hair on the head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ISA 7 20 tkw6 figs-euphemism 0 the hair of the legs Possible meanings are (1) this is a polite way to speak of the hair on the lower body or (2) this speaks of the hair on the legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +ISA 7 20 tkw6 figs-euphemism 0 the hair of the legs This could mean: (1) this is a polite way to speak of the hair on the lower body or (2) this speaks of the hair on the legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) ISA 7 20 a1pl 0 it will also sweep “the razor will also sweep.” If your language requires a person to be the subject of “will…sweep,” you can say, “the Lord will also sweep.” ISA 7 22 tsx4 figs-abstractnouns 0 because of the abundance of milk which they shall give The abstract noun “abundance” can be translated as a clause. Alternate translation: “because they will give so much milk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) ISA 7 23 h6cj 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe the time when the army from Assyria will attack the land of Israel. @@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ ISA 7 24 sr7t figs-explicit 0 because all the land will be briers and thorns Wh ISA 7 25 azm2 figs-activepassive 0 They will stay away from all the hills that were cultivated with the hoe This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will stay away from the hills where they once prepared the soil to plant crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 8 intro c8jg 0 # Isaiah 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:6-18, 21-22.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Trust in Yahweh<br>Israel will not trust in Yahweh. Instead, they will trust in their own power, their Gentile allies and the power of false gods. They will be punished because the power of Yahweh is greater than all of these. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) ISA 8 1 kzi2 0 Yahweh said to me Here the word “me” refers to Isaiah. -ISA 8 2 x1fq 0 I will summon faithful witnesses to attest for me Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh is speaking: “I will call honest men to be witnesses” or (2) Isaiah is speaking: “I called honest men to be witnesses” or (3) Yahweh is commanding Isaiah: “Call honest men to be witnesses.” +ISA 8 2 x1fq 0 I will summon faithful witnesses to attest for me This could mean: (1) Yahweh is speaking: “I will call honest men to be witnesses” or (2) Isaiah is speaking: “I called honest men to be witnesses” or (3) Yahweh is commanding Isaiah: “Call honest men to be witnesses.” ISA 8 3 j2ld figs-euphemism 0 I went to the prophetess It can be stated explicitly that Isaiah is married to the prophetess. Alternate translation: “I slept with my wife, the prophetess” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ISA 8 4 g5hy figs-activepassive 0 the riches of Damascus and the plunder of Samaria will be carried away by the king of Assyria This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the king of Assyria will carry away all the treasures of Damascus and Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 8 6 k9mk figs-metaphor 0 Because this people has refused the gentle waters of Shiloah The words “gentle waters” are a metaphor for the law of the Lord. Alternate translation: “Because this people has rejected Yahweh’s law, which is like the gentle waters of Shiloah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ ISA 8 7 x441 0 the River the Euphrates River in Assyria ISA 8 8 ek4i 0 General Information: The Lord continues to describe the army of Assyria as a river that will flood Judah ([Isaiah 8:7](../08/07.md)). ISA 8 8 ye6u figs-metaphor 0 The River will sweep onward into Judah, flooding and passing on, until it reaches to your neck The army of Assyria is like a flood of water. Alternate translation: “More and more soldiers will come like a river rising up to your neck” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 8 8 yl2k figs-metonymy 0 The River This refers to the Euphrates River in Assyria. This is a metonym for the Assyrian soldiers, who will come from their homes by the Euphrates River ([Isaiah 8:7](../08/07.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ISA 8 8 w2iu figs-metaphor 0 Its outstretched wings will fill Possible meanings are (1) as “the River” in the metaphor rises, its “wings” flow over and cover what had been dry land or (2) Isaiah changes metaphors and now speaks of Yahweh as a bird who is protecting the land, “But his outstretched wings will cover.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 8 8 w2iu figs-metaphor 0 Its outstretched wings will fill This could mean: (1) as “the River” in the metaphor rises, its “wings” flow over and cover what had been dry land or (2) Isaiah changes metaphors and now speaks of Yahweh as a bird who is protecting the land, “But his outstretched wings will cover.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 8 8 j34k 0 Immanuel Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Immanuel means ‘God with us.’” See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:14](../07/14.md). ISA 8 9 qq71 figs-activepassive 0 You peoples will be broken to pieces This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will break your armies to pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 8 9 qzg7 figs-apostrophe 0 Listen, all you distant countries Isaiah speaks as if people in other countries can hear him. Alternate translation: “Listen, all you people in far away places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) @@ -540,12 +540,12 @@ ISA 8 17 y59u figs-metonymy 0 who hides his face from the house of Jacob Yahweh ISA 8 17 p16z 0 house of Jacob people of Israel ISA 8 18 b1mr 0 I and the sons whom Yahweh has given me are for signs and for wonders in Israel “I and the sons Yahweh has given me are like signs to warn the people of Israel.” The sons are Shear-Jashub and Maher-shalal-hash-baz, whose names are a message to the people of Israel. (See: [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md) and [Isaiah 8:1](./01.md)) ISA 8 19 vs7z 0 General Information: Isaiah is speaking. -ISA 8 19 ld5t 0 They will say to you, “Consult with those who speak with the dead and with spirits,” the ones who chirp and mutter incantations. But should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? Other possible meanings are (1) “They will say to you, ‘Consult with the mediums and spiritists, those who chirp and mutter incantations. Should a people not consult their gods? They should consult the dead on behalf of the living for teaching and for testimony.’” or (2) “When they say to you, ‘Consult with the mediums and spiritists, those who chirp and mutter incantations,’ should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? To the law and to the testimony!” +ISA 8 19 ld5t 0 They will say to you, “Consult with those who speak with the dead and with spirits,” the ones who chirp and mutter incantations. But should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? Other This could mean: (1) “They will say to you, ‘Consult with the mediums and spiritists, those who chirp and mutter incantations. Should a people not consult their gods? They should consult the dead on behalf of the living for teaching and for testimony.’” or (2) “When they say to you, ‘Consult with the mediums and spiritists, those who chirp and mutter incantations,’ should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? To the law and to the testimony!” ISA 8 19 im2e figs-you 0 They will say to you The word “they” refers to those who do not trust Yahweh. The word “you” is plural and refers to those who trust Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) ISA 8 19 sx96 0 the ones who chirp and mutter incantations The words “chirp” and “mutter” refer to the sounds mediums and spiritists made when trying to speak to dead people. Alternate translation: “they people who whisper and mutter their magic words to try and speak to dead people” ISA 8 19 n9lj 0 chirp make sounds like birds ISA 8 19 zsh8 figs-rquestion 0 But should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? These questions are to show that people should consult God instead of foolishly trying to talk to dead people. Alternate translation: “But people should ask Yahweh to guide them. They should not seek answers from those who have died.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -ISA 8 20 i7kp 0 To the law and to the testimony Possible meanings are (1) “Pay attention to God’s instructions and teaching” or (2) “Then you must remember the teaching and testimony I gave.” ([Isaiah 8:16](../08/16.md)). +ISA 8 20 i7kp 0 To the law and to the testimony This could mean: (1) “Pay attention to God’s instructions and teaching” or (2) “Then you must remember the teaching and testimony I gave.” ([Isaiah 8:16](../08/16.md)). ISA 8 20 fav3 0 the law This is the same word translated “official record” in [Isaiah 8:16](../08/16.md). ISA 8 20 qpm5 0 the testimony See how you translated this in [Isaiah 8:16](../08/16.md). ISA 8 20 i61u 0 If they do not say such things “If they do not speak of the law and the testimony” @@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ ISA 9 13 f9al 0 Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](.. ISA 9 14 in46 figs-metaphor 0 head and tail Isaiah explains this metaphor in verse 15. The “head,” the part of an animal a person would want to be, is “the leader and the noble man,” and the “tail,” the dirty part of the animal, is “the prophet who teaches lies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 9 14 cj62 figs-metaphor 0 palm branch and reed The “palm branch” grows high on the tree and is a metaphor for people who are important and rule others. The “reed” grows in shallow water and is a metaphor for people who are poor and unimportant and are ruled by others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 9 16 qp35 figs-metaphor 0 Those who lead this people lead them astray The leaders causing people to disobey is spoken of as if the leaders led them on the wrong path. Alternate translation: “The leaders of Israel have caused the people to disobey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ISA 9 16 ck73 figs-metaphor 0 those who are led by them are swallowed up This is a metaphor that can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “those that they lead become confused” or (2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh destroys those that they lead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +ISA 9 16 ck73 figs-metaphor 0 those who are led by them are swallowed up This is a metaphor that can be stated in active form. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “those that they lead become confused” or (2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh destroys those that they lead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 9 17 w5bb figs-synecdoche 0 every mouth speaks foolish things The word “mouth” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “every person speaks foolish things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) ISA 9 17 b4un 0 In all these things, his anger does not subside; instead, his hand “Even though all these things have happened, he is still angry, and his hand.” See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). ISA 9 17 v3li figs-metaphor 0 his hand is still stretched out Isaiah speaks as if Yahweh were a person about to hit another person with his fist. This is a metaphor for Yahweh punishing Israel. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). Alternate translation: “he will still be ready to punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ ISA 9 18 ee5n figs-doublet 0 briers…thorns The words “briers” and “thor ISA 9 19 ctw3 figs-activepassive 0 Through the fury of Yahweh of hosts the land is scorched Translate “Yahweh of hosts” as in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Like fire that scorches the land, the Lord’s intense anger will destroy the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 9 19 bg78 figs-idiom 0 No man spares his brother To “spare” someone means to save them from harm. Alternate translation: “No one does anything to help his own brother escape” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ISA 9 20 e6kn figs-metonymy 0 They will grab food on the right hand…on the left hand This expression means that the people will grab food wherever they can find it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ISA 9 20 sl21 figs-metaphor 0 Each will even eat the flesh of his own arm Possible meanings are (1) people will be so hungry that they will want to eat or will actually eat their own arms or (2) the word “arm” is a metaphor for the person’s neighbor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 9 20 sl21 figs-metaphor 0 Each will even eat the flesh of his own arm This could mean: (1) people will be so hungry that they will want to eat or will actually eat their own arms or (2) the word “arm” is a metaphor for the person’s neighbor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 9 21 y7rj 0 In all these things, his anger does not subside; instead, his hand “Even though all these things have happened, he is still angry, and his hand.” See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). ISA 9 21 gxv7 figs-metaphor 0 his hand is still stretched out Isaiah speaks as if Yahweh were a person about to hit another person with his fist. This is a metaphor for Yahweh punishing Israel. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). Alternate translation: “he will still be ready to punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 10 intro dc9a 0 # Isaiah 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins with a prophecy that is a continuation of the prophecy beginning in 8:21. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 10:1-11, 13-14, 15-19, 27-34.<br>(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s sovereignty<br>Yahweh has so much power and authority that he controls all of the nations. He even controls the nations who do not worship him. He uses Assyria to punish the kingdom of Israel.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. Yahweh uses rhetorical questions to make statements about Israel’s sin. The Assyrians use rhetorical questions in order to boast in their pride. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) @@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ ISA 10 2 jwk2 0 prey Translated “prey” as in [Isaiah 5:29](../05/29.md). ISA 10 3 gdt3 figs-rquestion 0 What will you do on judgment day…away? Isaiah uses a question to scold those in Judah who harm the poor and weak people. Alternate translation: “You will be able to do nothing on judgment day…away!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ISA 10 3 xh3w 0 judgment day “the day when Yahweh comes to judge you” or “the day when Yahweh punishes you” ISA 10 3 u4fv figs-rquestion 0 To whom will you flee for help, and where will you leave your wealth? Isaiah uses a question to scold those in Judah who harm the poor and weak people. Alternate translation: “You have nowhere to run for help, and you will have nowhere to hide your riches!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -ISA 10 4 iw4t 0 Nothing remains, and you crouch Possible meanings are (1) “None of your wealth remains as you crouch” or (2) “You can do nothing else but crouch.” +ISA 10 4 iw4t 0 Nothing remains, and you crouch This could mean: (1) “None of your wealth remains as you crouch” or (2) “You can do nothing else but crouch.” ISA 10 4 p3u9 0 you crouch among the prisoners or fall among the killed “your enemies will either take you as a prisoner or will kill you” ISA 10 4 f4fy 0 In all these things, his anger does not subside “Even though all these things have happened, he is still angry.” See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). ISA 10 4 dg4p figs-metaphor 0 his hand is still stretched out Isaiah speaks as if Yahweh were a person about to hit another person with his fist. This is a metaphor for Yahweh punishing Israel. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:25](../05/25.md). Alternate translation: “he will still be ready to punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ ISA 10 6 nvq3 0 against an arrogant nation and against the people who bear my ISA 10 6 i3fl figs-metaphor 0 who bear my overflowing wrath Yahweh speaks of his wrath as if it were more liquid than a container could hold; “the people” are trying to carry this container, but it is heavy, and Yahweh keeps pouring liquid in even after it starts to spill out. Alternate translation: “at whom I continue to be angry even after I have punished them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 10 6 tam5 0 to take the spoil “to take everything they have” ISA 10 6 wy5h 0 to take the prey to take the people like prey. See how you translated “prey” in [Isaiah 5:29](../05/29.md). -ISA 10 6 ay7c figs-simile 0 trample them like mud Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh compares the army of Assyria attacking Israel to people stomping through mud who do not care what happens to the mud. Alternate translation: “trample them until they become like mud” or (2) the people are stomping on other people so they are lying in the mud and unable to rise. This is a metaphor for completely defeating them. Alternate translation: “completely defeat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 10 6 ay7c figs-simile 0 trample them like mud This could mean: (1) Yahweh compares the army of Assyria attacking Israel to people stomping through mud who do not care what happens to the mud. Alternate translation: “trample them until they become like mud” or (2) the people are stomping on other people so they are lying in the mud and unable to rise. This is a metaphor for completely defeating them. Alternate translation: “completely defeat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 10 7 y94n figs-explicit 0 But this is not what he intends, nor does he think this way The meaning of “this” and “this way” can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “But the king of Assyria does not intend to do what I tell him, nor does he think that I am using him as my weapon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ISA 10 7 qn96 figs-doublet 0 It is in his heart to destroy and eliminate many nations The words “destroy” and “eliminate” mean basically the same thing. They are used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “He wants to completely destroy many nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) ISA 10 8 pc5q figs-rquestion 0 Are not all my princes kings? The king of Assyria uses a question to emphasize what he believes everyone should already know. Alternate translation: “I have made captains of my army kings over lands I have conquered!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ ISA 10 12 ly8r 0 I will punish the speech of the arrogant heart of the king of ISA 10 13 ty9n 0 For he says “For the king of Assyria says” ISA 10 13 f9lx figs-metonymy 0 I have removed…I have stolen Here the word “I” refers to the king of Assyria. He was the leader of the Assyrian army and took credit for what the army did at his command. Alternate translation: “my army has removed…They have stolen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 10 13 bqh5 figs-simile 0 like a bull “as strong as a bull.” Some ancient texts read, “like a mighty man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -ISA 10 13 y4e1 figs-metaphor 0 I have brought down the inhabitants Possible meanings are (1) the king of Assyria has shamed the people of the countries he conquered or (2) he has removed the kings of the nations so they no longer rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 10 13 y4e1 figs-metaphor 0 I have brought down the inhabitants This could mean: (1) the king of Assyria has shamed the people of the countries he conquered or (2) he has removed the kings of the nations so they no longer rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 10 13 l61t figs-synecdoche 0 I have brought Here the word “I” refers to the king of Assyria. He was the leader of the Assyrian army and took credit for what the army did at his command. Alternate translation: “I and my army have brought” or “we have brought (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) ISA 10 14 ni7r 0 General Information: Yahweh is still quoting the king of Assyria ([Isaiah 10:13](../10/13.md)). ISA 10 14 a1xa figs-metonymy 0 My hand has seized The hand is a metonym for either the king’s power or his army. Alternate translation: “In my power I have seized” or “My army has seized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ ISA 10 17 x81s 0 his Holy One a flame “I, Yahweh, the Holy one of Israel, wi ISA 10 17 nh6j figs-metaphor 0 it will burn and devour his thorns and briers “The fire will burn and devour the king of Assyria’s thorns and briars.” The speaker compares the king of Assyria’s army to thorns and briers. This emphasizes how easily God will destroy them. Alternate translation: “I will destroy the Assyrians like a fire burning thorns and briers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 10 17 a8i4 figs-doublet 0 thorns…briers The words “briers” and “thorns” both refer to useless, thorny plants; they can be translated using one expression. See how you translated these words in [Isaiah 7:23](../07/23.md). Alternate translation: “thorn bushes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) ISA 10 18 e4pz figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh will consume the glory of his forest and of his fruitful land Possible meaning are (1) “Yahweh will destroy the great forests and farmlands in the nation of Assyria” or (2) “Yahweh will destroy the army of Assyria as a fire burns up great forests and farmlands.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ISA 10 18 ice3 figs-merism 0 both soul and body Possible meanings are (1) this emphasizes that God will completely destroy the forests and farmlands. Alternate translation: “completely” or (2) this means God will completely destroy the people of Assyria. The phrase “soul and body” refers to the spiritual part and the physical part of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +ISA 10 18 ice3 figs-merism 0 both soul and body This could mean: (1) this emphasizes that God will completely destroy the forests and farmlands. Alternate translation: “completely” or (2) this means God will completely destroy the people of Assyria. The phrase “soul and body” refers to the spiritual part and the physical part of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) ISA 10 18 r1h9 figs-simile 0 it will be like when a sick man’s life wastes away This compares either the forests and farmlands of Assyria or the army of Assyria to a sick man as he lies in bed dying. This emphasizes how something so great can become weak and dying. Alternate translation: “they will be like a sick man who grows weak and dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ISA 10 19 li2a 0 The remnant of the trees of his forest will be so few “What remains of the trees in the king’s forest will be so few” ISA 10 20 whj2 figs-idiom 0 On that day This refers to the time when God does the things that are described in [Isaiah 10:16-19](./16.md). Alternate translation: “At that time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ ISA 10 22 l3hy figs-you 0 your people, Israel, are Here “your” is singular. ISA 10 22 tmc6 figs-simile 0 are like the sand of the seashore This emphasizes that there were a great number of people of Israel. Alternate translation: “are too many to count, like the sand on the seashore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ISA 10 22 xt1x figs-activepassive 0 Destruction is decreed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has decreed that he will destroy most of those who live in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ISA 10 22 gb5g 0 as overflowing righteousness demands This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “This must be done for the sake of perfect righteousness” or “Yahweh must do this because he is completely righteous” -ISA 10 23 m3jr figs-activepassive 0 carry out the destruction determined throughout the land This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “destroy everything in the land just as he has determined to do” or (2) Alternate translation: “destroy the people in the land just as he has determined to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +ISA 10 23 m3jr figs-activepassive 0 carry out the destruction determined throughout the land This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “destroy everything in the land just as he has determined to do” or (2) Alternate translation: “destroy the people in the land just as he has determined to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 10 23 b19q 0 determined “decided” ISA 10 24 ww5n figs-personification 0 the Assyrian Isaiah speaks of the king of Assyria and his army as if he were one man. Alternate translation: “the king of Assyria and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) ISA 10 24 i2ep figs-metaphor 0 He will strike you with the rod and raise his staff against you The words “rod” and “staff” refer to pieces of wood that people use as clubs to beat animals and other people. Isaiah speaks of the way the Assyrians will rule over the Israelites as if the Assyrians were beating the Israelites with clubs. Alternate translation: “He will rule over you and make slaves of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -725,10 +725,10 @@ ISA 11 4 qt3z figs-nominaladj 0 the poor…the humble…the wicked These phrase ISA 11 4 i8ls figs-parallelism 0 He will strike the earth with the rod of his mouth…with the breath of his lips he will slay the wicked These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) ISA 11 4 t6i4 figs-metonymy 0 He will strike the earth with the rod of his mouth The word “earth” here represents the people on earth. Striking them with the rod of his mouth represents judging them, and that judgement will lead to punishment. Alternate translation: “He will judge the people of the earth, and they will be punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 11 4 ud4k figs-metonymy 0 with the breath of his lips he will slay the wicked The “breath of his lips” represents him judging them. Alternate translation: “he will judge wicked people, and they will be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ISA 11 5 izw4 0 the belt of his waist…the belt around his hips Possible meanings are (1) the belt is used to secure one’s clothes so he can work, or (2) the belt is an undergarment, or (3) the belt is a sash that a king wears to show his authority. -ISA 11 5 d2b4 figs-metaphor 0 Righteousness will be the belt of his waist Wearing righteousness like a belt represents being righteous. Possible meanings are (1) the king’s righteousness will enable him to rule. Alternate translation: “His righteousness will be a like a belt around his waist” or (2) the king’s righteousness would show his authority to rule. Alternate translation: “He will rule righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 11 5 izw4 0 the belt of his waist…the belt around his hips This could mean: (1) the belt is used to secure one’s clothes so he can work, or (2) the belt is an undergarment, or (3) the belt is a sash that a king wears to show his authority. +ISA 11 5 d2b4 figs-metaphor 0 Righteousness will be the belt of his waist Wearing righteousness like a belt represents being righteous. This could mean: (1) the king’s righteousness will enable him to rule. Alternate translation: “His righteousness will be a like a belt around his waist” or (2) the king’s righteousness would show his authority to rule. Alternate translation: “He will rule righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 11 5 xpa4 figs-ellipsis 0 faithfulness the belt around his hips The words “will be” are understood in this phrase. Alternate translation: “faithfulness will be the belt around his hips” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -ISA 11 5 z7kt figs-metaphor 0 faithfulness the belt around his hips Wearing faithfulness like a belt represents being faithful. Possible meanings are (1) the king’s faithfulness will enable him to rule, or (2) the king’s faithfulness will show his authority to rule. Alternate translation: “his faithfulness will be a like a belt around his hips” or “he will rule faithfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 11 5 z7kt figs-metaphor 0 faithfulness the belt around his hips Wearing faithfulness like a belt represents being faithful. This could mean: (1) the king’s faithfulness will enable him to rule, or (2) the king’s faithfulness will show his authority to rule. Alternate translation: “his faithfulness will be a like a belt around his hips” or “he will rule faithfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 11 6 x4db 0 General Information: Isaiah describes what the world will be like when the king rules. There will be complete peace in the world. This is shown by the peace that there will be even among animals. Animals that normally kill other animals will not kill them, and they will all be safe together. ISA 11 6 vib1 figs-genericnoun 0 The wolf…the leopard…the young lion These phrases refer to these animals in general, not to a specific wolf or leopard. These are all strong animals that attack and eat other animals. Alternate translation: “Wolves…leopards…young lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) ISA 11 6 ns1s figs-genericnoun 0 the lamb…the young goat…the calf…the fattened calf The phrases refer to these animals in general, not to a specific lamb or goat. These are all animals that eat grass and straw. Other animals sometimes attack and eat them. Alternate translation: “lambs…young goats…calves…fattened calves…Cows…oxen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) @@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ ISA 11 10 x6gn figs-simile 0 will stand as a banner for the peoples A banner is ISA 11 10 e7wp 0 The nations “The people of the nations” ISA 11 11 g27p figs-metonymy 0 the Lord will again extend his hand to recover the remnant of his people The hand is a reference to God’s power. Alternate translation: “the Lord will again use his power to bring back the remnant of his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 11 11 nr2i translate-names 0 Pathros…Elam…Hamath These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -ISA 11 12 f68i figs-metaphor 0 He will set up a banner for the nations Possible meanings are (1) “The Lord will set up the king as a banner for the nations” or (2) “The king will set up a banner for the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 11 12 f68i figs-metaphor 0 He will set up a banner for the nations This could mean: (1) “The Lord will set up the king as a banner for the nations” or (2) “The king will set up a banner for the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 11 12 n5uv 0 a banner for the nations “a flag for the nations to see” or “a flag to call the nations to himself” ISA 11 12 wg94 0 the dispersed of Judah “the people of Judah who had been scattered around the world” ISA 11 12 n4s1 figs-synecdoche 0 from the four corners of the earth The earth is pictured as if it has four corners, and those corners are its most distant places. This refers to everywhere on earth where those people might be. Alternate translation: “from even the most distant places of the earth” or “from all over the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) @@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ ISA 13 intro qak7 0 # Isaiah 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting< ISA 13 1 ifl8 figs-metonymy 0 about Babylon The name of the city stands for the people of Babylon. Alternate translation: “about the people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 13 1 t34a translate-names 0 Amoz Amoz was the father of Isaiah. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ISA 13 2 she6 0 cry aloud to them The word “them” refers to soldiers from another country. -ISA 13 2 dkx5 figs-metonymy 0 the gates of the nobles Possible meanings are (1) “the gates of Babylon where the nobles live” or (2) “the gates of the nobles’ large houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +ISA 13 2 dkx5 figs-metonymy 0 the gates of the nobles This could mean: (1) “the gates of Babylon where the nobles live” or (2) “the gates of the nobles’ large houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 13 2 tsg1 0 the nobles “the respected people” or “the rulers” ISA 13 3 tw9g 0 my holy ones “the ones I have set apart for myself” or “the army that I have set apart for myself” ISA 13 3 mlu4 figs-metonymy 0 I have called my mighty men to execute my anger Executing God’s anger represents punishing people because of God’s anger. Alternate translation: “I have called my mighty soldiers to punish the people of Babylon because they have made me angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -881,8 +881,8 @@ ISA 14 13 fr5j 0 in the far reaches of the north “in the most northern place ISA 14 15 ytw5 0 Connecting Statement: This is part of the taunt song that the Israelites will sing to the king of Babylon. ISA 14 15 lyk7 figs-activepassive 0 Yet you are now brought down to Sheol This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But now God has sent you down to Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 14 16 ne9m figs-rquestion 0 Is this the man The people will use this question either to mock the king of Babylon, or to express their shock at what has happened to him. Alternate translation: “Surely, this is not the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -ISA 14 16 uu7r figs-metonymy 0 who made the earth tremble Possible meanings are (1) the earth trembled as the king’s army marched to conquer people, or (2) this refers to the people of the earth trembling in fear of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ISA 14 16 i1pd figs-metaphor 0 shook kingdoms Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor for “conquered kingdoms” or (2) this is metonymy for “terrified the people of kingdoms.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +ISA 14 16 uu7r figs-metonymy 0 who made the earth tremble This could mean: (1) the earth trembled as the king’s army marched to conquer people, or (2) this refers to the people of the earth trembling in fear of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +ISA 14 16 i1pd figs-metaphor 0 shook kingdoms This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor for “conquered kingdoms” or (2) this is metonymy for “terrified the people of kingdoms.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 14 17 n2f9 0 who made the world like a wilderness “who made the places where people lived into a wilderness” ISA 14 18 hj9m 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of the taunt song that the Israelites will sing to the king of Babylon. ISA 14 18 k97g figs-explicit 0 all of them lie down in honor This means that their bodies were buried in an honorable way. Alternate translation: “all the kings who have died are buried in an honorable way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -928,7 +928,7 @@ ISA 14 30 nhy1 figs-metaphor 0 I will kill your root with famine that will put ISA 14 31 i9fx figs-metonymy 0 Howl, gate; cry, city Here “gate” and “city” represent the people at the city gates and in the cities. “Howl, you people at the city gates; cry, you people in the cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 14 31 t4fi figs-metaphor 0 you will melt away Melting away represents becoming weak because of fear. Alternate translation: “you will grow weak with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 14 31 re77 figs-explicit 0 For out of the north comes a cloud of smoke This implies that a large army is coming from the north. Alternate translation: “For from the north comes a large army with a cloud of smoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -ISA 14 31 m73z figs-metaphor 0 a cloud of smoke Possible meanings are (1) this represents a cloud of dust that the army stirs up as they travel on dry dirt roads. Alternate translation: “a cloud of dust” or (2) there is a lot of smoke because of all the things that the army destroys and burns. Alternate translation: “much smoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 14 31 m73z figs-metaphor 0 a cloud of smoke This could mean: (1) this represents a cloud of dust that the army stirs up as they travel on dry dirt roads. Alternate translation: “a cloud of dust” or (2) there is a lot of smoke because of all the things that the army destroys and burns. Alternate translation: “much smoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 14 31 az3q 0 there is no straggler in his ranks “no one in his ranks walks slowly behind the others” ISA 14 32 ld7h figs-rquestion 0 How will they respond to the messengers of that nation? The author uses this question to introduce his instruction about how the Israelites should speak to the messengers. Alternate translation: “This is how we will answer the messengers of Philistia.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ISA 14 32 geq9 0 Yahweh has founded Zion “Yahweh started Zion” @@ -1084,7 +1084,7 @@ ISA 19 2 usw7 figs-metonymy 0 kingdom against kingdom The word “kingdom” re ISA 19 3 k6nj figs-personification 0 The spirit of Egypt will be weakened from within. I will destroy his advice The nation of Egypt is spoken of here as if it was a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) ISA 19 3 h9az figs-activepassive 0 The spirit of Egypt will be weakened from within This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “I will weaken the spirit of Egypt from within” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 19 3 t2yv 0 I will destroy his advice, though they sought the advice of…spiritualists “They sought the advice of…spiritualists, but that will do them no good. It will not stop me from destroying his advice” -ISA 19 3 j1kh figs-abstractnouns 0 I will destroy his advice Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will cause the advice that he gives to be ineffective or (2) Yahweh will cause him to be unable to give any advice. This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “advice” is expressed as the verb “advise.” Alternate translation: “I will confuse those who advise the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +ISA 19 3 j1kh figs-abstractnouns 0 I will destroy his advice This could mean: (1) Yahweh will cause the advice that he gives to be ineffective or (2) Yahweh will cause him to be unable to give any advice. This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “advice” is expressed as the verb “advise.” Alternate translation: “I will confuse those who advise the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) ISA 19 3 cz3n 0 mediums…spiritualists These are people who claim to speak with those who have died. ISA 19 4 e7zd figs-metonymy 0 I will give the Egyptians into the hand of a harsh master Here “hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “I will give the Egyptians over to the control of a harsh master” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 19 4 f37v figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 3:15](../03/15.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) @@ -1151,7 +1151,7 @@ ISA 19 23 h5zp figs-ellipsis 0 the Egyptian to Assyria The words “will come ISA 19 23 vjm5 figs-genericnoun 0 the Egyptian This refers to a person from Egypt, but represents anyone from Egypt who comes to Assyria. Alternate translation: “Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) ISA 19 23 vdk8 figs-explicit 0 the Egyptians will worship with the Assyrians The object of their worship can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the Egyptians and Assyrians will worship Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ISA 19 24 x4sx figs-metonymy 0 Israel will be the third with Egypt and Assyria The names of the three nations represent the people of those nations. Alternate translation: “the Israelites will be the third with the Egyptians and Assyrians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ISA 19 24 d63v translate-ordinal 0 be the third with Possible meanings are (1) “join together with” or (2) “be the third blessing with” or (3) “be equal to.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) +ISA 19 24 d63v translate-ordinal 0 be the third with This could mean: (1) “join together with” or (2) “be the third blessing with” or (3) “be equal to.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) ISA 19 25 ial4 figs-metonymy 0 Blessed be Egypt, my people; Assyria, the work of my hands; and Israel, my inheritance The names of the three nations refer to the people of those nations. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have blessed you, people of Egypt, because you are my people; and I have blessed you, people of Assyria, because I created you; and I have blessed you, people of Israel, because I securely possess you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 19 25 hd4u figs-metonymy 0 the work of my hands Here “hands” refers to God’s power and action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 20 intro qqp3 0 # Isaiah 20 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Naked and barefoot<br>This is an image used in this chapter to describe Assyria’s victory over Egypt and Ethiopia. While they will be defeated, they will not be totally destroyed. Instead, they will be left with nothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1229,9 +1229,9 @@ ISA 22 4 ud7n 0 Therefore I said Here “I” refers to Isaiah. ISA 22 4 yy7y figs-metonymy 0 of the daughter of my people Here “daughter” represents the people and may imply Isaiah’s feeling of love for them. Alternate translation: “of my people whom I love” or “of my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ISA 22 5 mv8s 0 For there is a day “For there will be a time” ISA 22 5 b51a 0 of tumult, treading down, and confusion for the Lord Yahweh of hosts “when the Lord Yahweh of hosts will cause panic, treading down, and confusion” -ISA 22 5 p1ny 0 treading down Possible meanings are (1) this refers to soldiers marching or (2) people in general are running in panic and not sure where to go. +ISA 22 5 p1ny 0 treading down This could mean: (1) this refers to soldiers marching or (2) people in general are running in panic and not sure where to go. ISA 22 5 nbr9 0 in the Valley of Vision This refers to Jerusalem. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 22:1](../22/01.md). -ISA 22 5 q2i2 0 people crying out to the mountains Possible meanings are (1) “people in the mountains will hear their cries” or (2) “the people’s cries will echo off the mountains” +ISA 22 5 q2i2 0 people crying out to the mountains This could mean: (1) “people in the mountains will hear their cries” or (2) “the people’s cries will echo off the mountains” ISA 22 6 qte5 figs-metonymy 0 Elam takes up the quiver The quiver is a bag to carry arrows and represents the archer’s weapons. Alternate translation: “The soldiers of Elam take their bows and arrows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 22 6 v2pq figs-metonymy 0 Kir lays the shield bare Here “Kir” represents the soldiers. Alternate translation: “the soldiers of Kir will take their shields out of their covers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 22 6 x6a2 translate-names 0 Kir Kir is a city in Media. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -1245,13 +1245,13 @@ ISA 22 10 maq8 figs-pastforfuture 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to de ISA 22 10 ypg7 0 You counted the houses Here “counted” means they inspected the houses to find material to help them rebuild the city wall. ISA 22 11 by9j 0 You made a reservoir “You made a storage place” ISA 22 11 jt97 0 between the two walls It is unclear what two walls Isaiah meant. The main point is that they built the reservoir within the city walls. -ISA 22 11 a66l 0 the city’s maker Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the original human builder of the city or (2) this refers to Yahweh. +ISA 22 11 a66l 0 the city’s maker This could mean: (1) this refers to the original human builder of the city or (2) this refers to Yahweh. ISA 22 12 x4ws 0 Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). ISA 22 12 h6es translate-symaction 0 for shaved heads This was a sign of mourning and repenting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) ISA 22 13 ct44 figs-metonymy 0 let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we will die Here “eat and drink” represents having a party and over indulging in food and wine. Alternate translation: “we may as well have fun now by eating and drinking all we want, for we will die soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 22 14 f7iw figs-synecdoche 0 This was revealed in my ears by Yahweh of hosts Here “ears” represents Isaiah as a whole. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts revealed this to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 22 14 g3sh figs-activepassive 0 Surely this iniquity will not be forgiven you, even when you die This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Surely I will not forgive you for these sinful things you have done, even when you die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -ISA 22 14 bmu5 0 even when you die Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will never forgive them, even after they die or (2) Yahweh will not forgive them until they die. +ISA 22 14 bmu5 0 even when you die This could mean: (1) Yahweh will never forgive them, even after they die or (2) Yahweh will not forgive them until they die. ISA 22 15 v7mw translate-names 0 Shebna This is the name of the manager of the king’s palace in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ISA 22 15 lkg6 figs-metonymy 0 who is over the house Here “house” represents those in the king’s palace. Alternate translation: “who is in charge of all those who work in the palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 22 16 ly8w figs-rquestion 0 What are you doing here and who gave you permission…in the rock? Yahweh uses this question to scold Shebna. Alternate translation: “You have no right…in the rock!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -1296,7 +1296,7 @@ ISA 23 3 z18x translate-names 0 Upon the great waters was the grain of Shihor S ISA 23 3 jsl4 figs-possession 0 the harvest of the Nile was her produce The “harvest of the Nile” refers to the grain that was harvested near the Nile River and transported on the river and then to Phoenicia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) ISA 23 3 yvg2 0 her produce “its produce.” It was common to refer to the river as “her.” ISA 23 3 hf67 figs-metonymy 0 it became the commerce of the nations Commerce is the activity of buying and selling goods. Here “nations” represents the people. Alternate translation: “you were where people from other nations came to buy and sell goods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ISA 23 4 er55 figs-personification 0 for the sea has spoken, the mighty one of the sea…nor brought up young women Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh describes the city of Tyre as a mother who speaks about the people who live in the city as her children, or (2) Yahweh is describing the Mediterranean Sea as speaking. The people of Tyre considered the sea their god and father. In either meaning the speaker mourns because its children are destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +ISA 23 4 er55 figs-personification 0 for the sea has spoken, the mighty one of the sea…nor brought up young women This could mean: (1) Yahweh describes the city of Tyre as a mother who speaks about the people who live in the city as her children, or (2) Yahweh is describing the Mediterranean Sea as speaking. The people of Tyre considered the sea their god and father. In either meaning the speaker mourns because its children are destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) ISA 23 6 bk9d 0 Cross over to Tarshish “Make your way to Tarshish.” Tarshish was the farthest land the people of Tyre traveled to do business. It will be the only place of safety for those who escape from Tyre. ISA 23 7 m498 figs-rquestion 0 Has this happened to you, the joyful city, whose origin is from ancient times…to settle? Yahweh uses a question to mock Tyre. This rhetorical questions can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This has indeed happened to you who were full of joy in the ancient city of Tyre…to settle.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ISA 23 7 md2c figs-metonymy 0 the joyful city Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the joyful people who live in the city of Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1308,7 +1308,7 @@ ISA 23 8 irz8 figs-metaphor 0 whose merchants are princes The merchants are com ISA 23 8 qwj2 figs-activepassive 0 whose traders are the honored ones of the earth This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whose traders the people of the earth give the highest honors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 23 9 h693 0 to dishonor her pride and all her glory “to dishonor them because they were proud of their own glory” ISA 23 9 fxa3 figs-metonymy 0 her pride…her glory…her honored ones Here “her” refers to the city of Tyre which represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “their pride…their glory…their honored one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ISA 23 10 h9st figs-simile 0 Plow your land, as one plows the Nile, daughter of Tarshish. There is no longer a marketplace in Tyre Possible meanings are (1) Isaiah is telling the people of Tarshish to start planting crops since they can no longer trade with Tyre or (2) Isaiah is telling the people of Tarshish they are free from Tyre’s control. Alternate translation: “Pass through your land like a river, daughter of Tarshish. The people of Tyre no longer have any power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +ISA 23 10 h9st figs-simile 0 Plow your land, as one plows the Nile, daughter of Tarshish. There is no longer a marketplace in Tyre This could mean: (1) Isaiah is telling the people of Tarshish to start planting crops since they can no longer trade with Tyre or (2) Isaiah is telling the people of Tarshish they are free from Tyre’s control. Alternate translation: “Pass through your land like a river, daughter of Tarshish. The people of Tyre no longer have any power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ISA 23 10 kfi3 figs-metonymy 0 daughter of Tarshish The “daughter” of a city represents the people of the city. Alternate translation: “the people of Tarshish” or “the people who live in Tarshish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 23 11 tv4t figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh has reached out with his hand over the sea, and he has shaken the kingdoms Yahweh using his power to control the sea and the people of mighty kingdoms is spoken of as if Yahweh reached out his hand and shook kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 23 11 vi8e figs-metonymy 0 has reached out with his hand over the sea Here “hand” refers to God’s power and control. Alternate translation: “has shown his power over the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1352,7 +1352,7 @@ ISA 24 8 aw8w figs-pastforfuture 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to des ISA 24 8 bpd3 0 tambourines…lyre These are musical instruments. See how you translated these in [Isaiah 5:12](../05/12.md). ISA 24 10 cw66 figs-pastforfuture 0 General Information: Isaiah continues to describe a time in the future when God will judge the earth. Prophets sometimes describe a future event as something in the past or in the present. This emphasizes the event certainly will happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) ISA 24 10 nje8 figs-activepassive 0 The city of chaos has been broken down This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will break down the city of chaos” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -ISA 24 10 q3a5 0 The city of chaos Possible meanings are (1) the city was in chaos before the Lord breaks it down; the people did not obey God, the government was corrupt, and the city was full of drinking and parties, or (2) the city will be in chaos after God breaks it down. The walls and buildings that were once built strong and tall are now in ruins on the ground. With either meaning it does not mean one city. It refers to cities in general. +ISA 24 10 q3a5 0 The city of chaos This could mean: (1) the city was in chaos before the Lord breaks it down; the people did not obey God, the government was corrupt, and the city was full of drinking and parties, or (2) the city will be in chaos after God breaks it down. The walls and buildings that were once built strong and tall are now in ruins on the ground. With either meaning it does not mean one city. It refers to cities in general. ISA 24 10 rk9d figs-activepassive 0 every house is closed up and empty This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people will close up their houses and leave them empty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 24 11 s8c8 0 because of the wine “because there is no wine” ISA 24 11 wxr1 figs-parallelism 0 all joy is darkened, the gladness of the land has disappeared These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “all joy will be gone from the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -1465,12 +1465,12 @@ ISA 26 18 qd8n figs-metonymy 0 We have not brought salvation to the earth, and ISA 26 18 v5pe figs-abstractnouns 0 We have not brought salvation to the earth This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “salvation” is expressed as the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “We have not saved the inhabitants of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) ISA 26 18 il5k 0 and the inhabitants of the world have not fallen “nor have we caused the wicked people of the world to fall in battle” ISA 26 19 tuj5 figs-nominaladj 0 Your dead will live This can be reworded so that the nominal adjective “dead” is expressed as the verb “have died.” Alternate translation: “Your people who have died will live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -ISA 26 19 ak1f 0 Your dead Possible meanings are (1) “Your” refers to Yahweh or (2) “Your” refers to the people of Israel. If you choose option two you could translate it as “Our dead.” +ISA 26 19 ak1f 0 Your dead This could mean: (1) “Your” refers to Yahweh or (2) “Your” refers to the people of Israel. If you choose option two you could translate it as “Our dead.” ISA 26 19 d48t figs-metaphor 0 Awake This speaks of dead people coming back to life as if they were waking up from sleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 26 19 cvc4 figs-euphemism 0 you who live in the dust This is a polite way of referring to those who have died. Alternate translation: “those who are dead and buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) ISA 26 19 zv5y figs-metaphor 0 for your dew is the dew of light Yahweh acting kindly towards his people and bringing them back to life is spoken of as if it were the dew that causes the plants to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ISA 26 19 gnz9 0 for your dew Possible meanings are (1) “your” refers to Yahweh and this is the dew that Yahweh gives or (2) “your” refers to the people of Israel and this is the dew they receive from Yahweh. -ISA 26 19 m8v6 0 dew of light Possible meanings are (1) “light” refers to Yahweh’s power to make dead people alive again. Alternate translation: “dew from Yahweh” or (2) “light” refers to the morning time when dew is on the plants. Alternate translation: “dew in the morning” +ISA 26 19 gnz9 0 for your dew This could mean: (1) “your” refers to Yahweh and this is the dew that Yahweh gives or (2) “your” refers to the people of Israel and this is the dew they receive from Yahweh. +ISA 26 19 m8v6 0 dew of light This could mean: (1) “light” refers to Yahweh’s power to make dead people alive again. Alternate translation: “dew from Yahweh” or (2) “light” refers to the morning time when dew is on the plants. Alternate translation: “dew in the morning” ISA 26 19 gb4p figs-metaphor 0 the earth will bring forth its dead “the earth will give birth to those who died.” Yahweh causing dead people to come back to life is spoken of as if the earth would give birth to those who have died. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will cause those who have died to rise from the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 26 20 z699 0 my people Here “my” refers to Isaiah. Also “people” refers to the people of Israel. ISA 26 20 k2ad figs-abstractnouns 0 until the indignation has passed by Translate the abstract noun “indignation” as the adjective “angry.” Alternate translation: “until Yahweh is no longer angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) @@ -1502,7 +1502,7 @@ ISA 27 7 ukm8 figs-activepassive 0 Have Jacob and Israel been killed as in the ISA 27 8 f4he figs-you 0 In exact measure you have contended Here “you” refers to God. Yahweh punishing his people as much as they needed is spoken of as if God’s punishment were something that could be measured. Alternate translation: “But you did punish them as much as was needed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 27 8 kfc2 figs-metonymy 0 sending Jacob and Israel away This represents the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “sending the Israelites away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 27 8 rqg2 figs-metaphor 0 he drove them away with his fierce breath in the day of the east wind Yahweh’s power to send his people away to a foreign country is spoken of as if Yahweh used his breath to blow them to a foreign country. Alternate translation: “the power of Yahweh drove them out like a fierce wind from the east” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ISA 27 9 nf4r 0 So in this way Possible meanings are (1) “this” refers to Yahweh sending the people into exile as Isaiah mentioned in the previous verse or (2) “this” refers to the actions that Isaiah will mention in the next part of verse 9. +ISA 27 9 nf4r 0 So in this way This could mean: (1) “this” refers to Yahweh sending the people into exile as Isaiah mentioned in the previous verse or (2) “this” refers to the actions that Isaiah will mention in the next part of verse 9. ISA 27 9 l9b7 figs-activepassive 0 the iniquity of Jacob will be atoned for This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will purge the sin from the Israelites” or “Yahweh will forgive the sins of the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 27 9 yjh1 figs-metonymy 0 iniquity of Jacob…removal of his sin Here “Jacob” represents the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “iniquity of the Israelites…removal of their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 27 9 mn35 0 for this will be Here “this” refers to the actions that Isaiah will describe in the next part of verse 9. @@ -1515,7 +1515,7 @@ ISA 27 10 mv1s figs-genericnoun 0 a calf feeds, and there he lies down and cons ISA 27 11 k9fn figs-metaphor 0 When the boughs…not a people of understanding The people becoming so weak because they disobey Yahweh so that enemies can easily destroy them is spoken of as if they are dry branches that women break off of a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 27 11 k85z figs-activepassive 0 When the boughs are withered, they will be broken off. Women will come and make fires with them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When the branches wither, women will come and break them off and make fires with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 27 11 pi5e figs-explicit 0 this is not a people of understanding This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “this is not a people who understands Yahweh or his law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -ISA 27 11 js5n 0 a people Possible meanings are (1) “people” refers to the people of Israel or (2) “people” refers the people of foreign nations who oppress the people of Israel. +ISA 27 11 js5n 0 a people This could mean: (1) “people” refers to the people of Israel or (2) “people” refers the people of foreign nations who oppress the people of Israel. ISA 27 11 v3yx figs-parallelism 0 Therefore their Maker will not have compassion on them, and he who made them will not be merciful to them Both clauses mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “Because they do not understand, Yahweh, the one who made them, will not be merciful to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) ISA 27 12 f19u 0 It will come about This phrase marks an important event that will happen. ISA 27 12 g87l 0 on that day “at that time” @@ -1564,10 +1564,10 @@ ISA 28 13 i6sd figs-activepassive 0 so that they may go and fall backward, and ISA 28 13 b7le figs-metaphor 0 go and fall backward, and be broken People losing in battle to the enemy army is spoken of as if the people will fall down and break. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 28 13 c32b figs-metaphor 0 ensnared The enemy soldiers capturing the people of Israel is spoken of as if they were hunters that catch an animal in a snare. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 28 14 y37t 0 So listen to the word of Yahweh “So listen to Yahweh’s message” -ISA 28 15 u1bd figs-parallelism 0 We have made a covenant with death, and with Sheol we have reached an agreement Both of these statements mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are (1) the leaders of Jerusalem have used magic or sorcery to try to make an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead so that these gods would protect them from dying or (2) this is a metaphor that speaks of the leaders having made an agreement with the leaders of Egypt. The leaders of Jerusalem were so confident that the Egyptians would protect that it was like they had made an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 28 15 u1bd figs-parallelism 0 We have made a covenant with death, and with Sheol we have reached an agreement Both of these statements mean basically the same thing. This could mean: (1) the leaders of Jerusalem have used magic or sorcery to try to make an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead so that these gods would protect them from dying or (2) this is a metaphor that speaks of the leaders having made an agreement with the leaders of Egypt. The leaders of Jerusalem were so confident that the Egyptians would protect that it was like they had made an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 28 15 x2p3 figs-metaphor 0 So when the overwhelming whip passes through, it will not reach us This speaks of Yahweh’s judgment and punishment as if it were a whip that would strike the people. And the whip is spoken of as if it were a flood that would pass through Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “As a result, when everyone else is suffering and dying, nothing will harm us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 28 15 r8ix figs-parallelism 0 For we have made a lie our refuge, and taken shelter in falsehood These two phrases mean basically the same thing. A “lie” and “falsehood” are spoken of as if they were places where a person could go to hide. The leaders in Jerusalem would not have said they trust in a lie. They believed they were truly safe. But Isaiah knows they are not safe, because they trust in lies. Alternate translation: “For lies and falsehoods have become like a place where we can hide from danger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ISA 28 15 ux1b 0 a lie our refuge…taken shelter in falsehood Possible meanings are (1) the leaders trust in their own lies that they have said in order to protect themselves or (2) the leaders trust that the covenant they have made with the false gods of the place of the dead will keep them safe or (3) the leaders trust that the agreement they have made with the Egyptians will keep them safe. +ISA 28 15 ux1b 0 a lie our refuge…taken shelter in falsehood This could mean: (1) the leaders trust in their own lies that they have said in order to protect themselves or (2) the leaders trust that the covenant they have made with the false gods of the place of the dead will keep them safe or (3) the leaders trust that the agreement they have made with the Egyptians will keep them safe. ISA 28 16 ff3c 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” ISA 28 16 tf5e figs-metaphor 0 I will lay in Zion a foundation stone…sure foundation Yahweh sending a strong person to help the people of Israel is spoken of as if Yahweh is constructing a strong foundation for a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 28 16 js3j 0 a tried stone “a stone that is solid” @@ -1578,14 +1578,14 @@ ISA 28 17 yd66 figs-metaphor 0 I will make justice the measuring stick, and rig ISA 28 17 xhn1 0 the measuring stick A builder uses a measuring stick to determine if something is the correct length. ISA 28 17 l2vf 0 the plumbline A builder uses a plumbline to determine if something is straight and level. ISA 28 17 xg82 figs-metaphor 0 Hail will sweep away Yahweh causing a large amount of hail to fall is spoken of as if it would be an overwhelming flood. Alternate translation: “Hailstorms will destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ISA 28 17 gv6t figs-synecdoche 0 Hail…the floodwaters Possible meanings are (1) these are a synecdoche representing anything in general that will cause destruction or (2) these are a metaphor referring to the enemy army that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 28 17 gv6t figs-synecdoche 0 Hail…the floodwaters This could mean: (1) these are a synecdoche representing anything in general that will cause destruction or (2) these are a metaphor referring to the enemy army that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 28 17 hi3p 0 Hail hard pieces of ice that fall from the sky -ISA 28 17 adc4 figs-metaphor 0 the refuge of lies…the hiding place This speaks about “lies” as if they were a place a person could go to hide. They represent what the leaders of Jerusalem trusted in to keep them safe from Yahweh’s punishment. Possible meanings are (1) the leaders trust in their own lies that they have said in order to protect themselves or (2) the leaders trust that the covenant they have made with the false gods of the place of the dead will keep them safe or (3) the leaders trust that the agreement they have made with the Egyptians will keep them safe. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 28:15](../28/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +ISA 28 17 adc4 figs-metaphor 0 the refuge of lies…the hiding place This speaks about “lies” as if they were a place a person could go to hide. They represent what the leaders of Jerusalem trusted in to keep them safe from Yahweh’s punishment. This could mean: (1) the leaders trust in their own lies that they have said in order to protect themselves or (2) the leaders trust that the covenant they have made with the false gods of the place of the dead will keep them safe or (3) the leaders trust that the agreement they have made with the Egyptians will keep them safe. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 28:15](../28/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ISA 28 18 l9w6 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem. ISA 28 18 ah82 figs-activepassive 0 Your covenant with death will be dissolved, and your agreement with Sheol will not stand This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will cancel the covenant you have with death, and I will cancel the agreement you have with Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -ISA 28 18 fvw2 figs-metaphor 0 covenant with death…agreement with Sheol Possible meanings are (1) the leaders of Jerusalem had used magic or sorcery to try to make an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead so that these gods would protect them from dying or (2) this is a metaphor that speaks of the leaders having made an agreement with the leaders of Egypt. The leaders of Jerusalem were so confident that the Egyptians would protect that it was like they had made an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 28:15](../28/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 28 18 fvw2 figs-metaphor 0 covenant with death…agreement with Sheol This could mean: (1) the leaders of Jerusalem had used magic or sorcery to try to make an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead so that these gods would protect them from dying or (2) this is a metaphor that speaks of the leaders having made an agreement with the leaders of Egypt. The leaders of Jerusalem were so confident that the Egyptians would protect that it was like they had made an agreement with the gods of the place of the dead. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 28:15](../28/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 28 18 n9he 0 will not stand “will not last” -ISA 28 18 mry1 figs-synecdoche 0 When the raging flood passes through Possible meanings are (1) “flood” is a synecdoche that represents anything in general that will cause destruction or (2) “flood” is a metaphor referring to the enemy army that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 28 18 mry1 figs-synecdoche 0 When the raging flood passes through This could mean: (1) “flood” is a synecdoche that represents anything in general that will cause destruction or (2) “flood” is a metaphor referring to the enemy army that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 28 18 var2 figs-activepassive 0 you will be overwhelmed by it This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it will overwhelm you” or “it will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 28 19 g9nc figs-idiom 0 morning by morning This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “every day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ISA 28 19 g4wk figs-merism 0 by day and night This means “throughout the entire day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) @@ -1635,7 +1635,7 @@ ISA 29 4 ak9b figs-simile 0 will speak from the ground; your speech will be low ISA 29 5 ei77 figs-simile 0 The great number of your invaders will become like fine dust, and the multitude of the ruthless ones as chaff that passes away This emphasizes how weak and insignificant the invading army is before God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will easily remove the horde of your invaders and the multitude of the ruthless ones”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ISA 29 5 w2d7 0 great number of your invaders “many soldiers that will attack you” ISA 29 5 vl7f figs-ellipsis 0 the ruthless ones as chaff The translator can supply the verb “will become.” Alternate translation: “the soldiers who show you no mercy will become as chaff” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -ISA 29 6 gh4q figs-you 0 Yahweh of hosts will come to you The word “you” refers to the people of Jerusalem. Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh of hosts will come to help you” or (2) “Yahweh of hosts will come to punish you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +ISA 29 6 gh4q figs-you 0 Yahweh of hosts will come to you The word “you” refers to the people of Jerusalem. This could mean: (1) “Yahweh of hosts will come to help you” or (2) “Yahweh of hosts will come to punish you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) ISA 29 7 th7g figs-doublet 0 It will be like a dream, a vision of the night The phrase “a vision of the night” is the same thing as “a dream.” The two phrases emphasize that soon it will be like the invading army was never there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ISA 29 7 l4s8 0 A horde of all the nations “Large armies from all the nations” ISA 29 7 t56e figs-metonymy 0 fight against Ariel The name “Ariel” is another name for Jerusalem, and it represents the people who live there. See how you translated “Ariel” in [Isaiah 29:1](../29/01.md). Alternate translation: “fight against the people of Ariel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1662,9 +1662,9 @@ ISA 29 15 mt4k figs-rquestion 0 Who sees us, and who knows us? They use a quest ISA 29 16 tt3j figs-idiom 0 You turn things upside down This is an idiom that means to distort what is true. Alternate translation: “You make things opposite of the way they should be” or “You distort the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ISA 29 16 ak5f figs-metaphor 0 Should the potter be considered like clay, so that the thing that is made should say about him who made it…“He does not understand”? Yahweh who created humans is spoken of as if he were a potter and humans were the clay. This metaphor emphasizes that it is foolish for humans to reject or criticize the one who created them. Alternate translation: “Should you consider me, your maker, to be like the clay rather than the potter? It is as if a potter created something, and that thing said about the potter, ‘He did not make me,’ or ‘He does not understand.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 29 16 m1ba figs-rquestion 0 Should the potter be considered like clay…“He does not understand”? This question is used to scold the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Obviously, the potter should not be considered like clay…‘He does not understand.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -ISA 29 17 vcq7 figs-metaphor 0 Lebanon will be turned into a field, and the field will become a forest Possible meanings are (1) this is literal and Yahweh will cause the places where trees grew wild in Lebanon to become fruitful fields or (2) this is a metaphor and the large forests of Lebanon represent powerful oppressors, and the crops that grow in the field and become a forest are the common people who are suffering. This means Yahweh will humble those who are powerful, but he will honor those who are suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 29 17 vcq7 figs-metaphor 0 Lebanon will be turned into a field, and the field will become a forest This could mean: (1) this is literal and Yahweh will cause the places where trees grew wild in Lebanon to become fruitful fields or (2) this is a metaphor and the large forests of Lebanon represent powerful oppressors, and the crops that grow in the field and become a forest are the common people who are suffering. This means Yahweh will humble those who are powerful, but he will honor those who are suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 29 17 p68s figs-metonymy 0 Lebanon will be turned into a field Here “Lebanon” represents the large cedar forests in Lebanon. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will turn the mighty forests of Lebanon into a field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -ISA 29 18 q8r1 figs-metaphor 0 the deaf will hear the words of a book, and the eyes of the blind will see out of the deep darkness Possible meanings are (1) this is literal and Yahweh will cause deaf people to hear and blind people to see or (2) this is a metaphor that means Yahweh will enable the people to hear and understand his message or (3) it may mean both options 1 and 2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 29 18 q8r1 figs-metaphor 0 the deaf will hear the words of a book, and the eyes of the blind will see out of the deep darkness This could mean: (1) this is literal and Yahweh will cause deaf people to hear and blind people to see or (2) this is a metaphor that means Yahweh will enable the people to hear and understand his message or (3) it may mean both options 1 and 2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 29 18 d7au figs-synecdoche 0 the eyes of the blind Here “eyes” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “those who are blind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) ISA 29 19 y383 figs-parallelism 0 The oppressed will again rejoice in Yahweh, and the poor among men will rejoice in the Holy One of Israel These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “The poor and oppressed people will again be happy because of what Yahweh, the Holy One of Israel, has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) ISA 29 20 st9w figs-nominaladj 0 For the ruthless will cease The nominal adjective “the ruthless” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “For the ruthless people will cease” or “For there will no longer be cruel people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) @@ -1717,7 +1717,7 @@ ISA 30 11 x6bb figs-metaphor 0 Turn aside from the way, stray off the path How ISA 30 11 s3c9 0 Holy One of Israel See how you translated this name in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). ISA 30 12 c9xs 0 Holy One of Israel See how you translated this name in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). ISA 30 12 q3x7 0 you reject this word “you reject this message” -ISA 30 12 hd23 figs-metonymy 0 trust in oppression and deceit and lean on it Possible meanings are (1) the leaders of Judah are trusting in the Egyptian leaders who rule by oppressing and deceiving others or (2) the leaders of Judah have oppressed and deceived their own people in order to take their money and send it to the Egyptians leaders as payment for protection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +ISA 30 12 hd23 figs-metonymy 0 trust in oppression and deceit and lean on it This could mean: (1) the leaders of Judah are trusting in the Egyptian leaders who rule by oppressing and deceiving others or (2) the leaders of Judah have oppressed and deceived their own people in order to take their money and send it to the Egyptians leaders as payment for protection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 30 12 t871 figs-123person 0 lean on it Here the word “it” refers to “oppression and deceit.” Alternate translation: “lean on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ISA 30 12 km37 figs-idiom 0 lean on This is an idiom that means to trust or rely on something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ISA 30 13 f58j figs-simile 0 so this sin will be to you like a broken part…in an instant This simile means that God will destroy the people of Judah suddenly because of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) @@ -1947,7 +1947,7 @@ ISA 33 20 z75i figs-metaphor 0 whose stakes will never be pulled up nor will an ISA 33 21 js4c figs-exclusive 0 Yahweh in majesty will be with us, in a place of broad rivers and streams Here “us” refers to Isaiah and includes the people of Judah. This speaks of the safety of living with Yahweh as if it were a place that has rivers around it so that enemies cannot attack it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh who is majestic will be with us, and we will be safe as if we were in a place surrounded by broad rivers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 33 21 z6si 0 will travel it “will travel the river” ISA 33 22 x9zc figs-exclusive 0 our…us This refers to Isaiah and includes the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -ISA 33 23 er96 figs-metaphor 0 Your riggings are slack; they cannot hold the mast in place; they cannot spread the sail Possible meanings: (1) The Assyrian army is like a boat that is unable to move through the water: the ropes that support the mast and sail have come loose and no longer support the mast, so the sail is useless ([Isaiah 33:1](../33/01.md)) or (2) the people of Judah are no longer at war: “You have loosened the cords that supported your flagpole; the flag no longer flies” ([Isaiah 33:17](./17.md)-[Isaiah 22](./22.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 33 23 er96 figs-metaphor 0 Your riggings are slack; they cannot hold the mast in place; they cannot spread the sail This could mean: (1) The Assyrian army is like a boat that is unable to move through the water: the ropes that support the mast and sail have come loose and no longer support the mast, so the sail is useless ([Isaiah 33:1](../33/01.md)) or (2) the people of Judah are no longer at war: “You have loosened the cords that supported your flagpole; the flag no longer flies” ([Isaiah 33:17](./17.md)-[Isaiah 22](./22.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 33 23 b3bn 0 mast tall poles that support the sail ISA 33 23 l3q9 0 sail a large cloth that fills with wind and moves a boat through the water ISA 33 23 a64j figs-activepassive 0 when the great spoil is divided This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when they divide the treasure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -2047,7 +2047,7 @@ ISA 36 1 y3xq figs-synecdoche 0 Sennacherib…attacked all the fortified cities ISA 36 2 df93 0 the chief commander Some versions of the Bible translate this as “the Rabshakeh.” This is the Assyrian word for one of the highest ranking military leaders in Assyria. ISA 36 2 yz32 translate-names 0 Lachish This is a city southwest of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ISA 36 2 xgl3 0 conduit man-made ditch or tunnel through which water flows. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md). -ISA 36 2 su6h translate-names 0 the launderers’ field Possible meanings are (1) this is the proper name by which the people called the field or (2) this is the common noun that the people used to talk about the field, “the launderers’ field” or “the field where men wash wool” or “the field where women wash clothes.” See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +ISA 36 2 su6h translate-names 0 the launderers’ field This could mean: (1) this is the proper name by which the people called the field or (2) this is the common noun that the people used to talk about the field, “the launderers’ field” or “the field where men wash wool” or “the field where women wash clothes.” See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ISA 36 2 ilm6 translate-names 0 the launderers’ field Launderer are either (1) men who wash wool that someone has cut from the sheep, “wool washers field,” or (2) women who wash dirty clothes, “clothes washers field.” See how you translated this in [Isaiah 7:3](../07/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ISA 36 3 in74 translate-names 0 Hilkiah…Eliakim See how you translated these men’s names in [Isaiah 22:20](../22/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ISA 36 3 pc89 translate-names 0 Shebna See how you translated this man’s name in [Isaiah 22:15](../22/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -2294,8 +2294,8 @@ ISA 40 5 ys59 figs-activepassive 0 the glory of Yahweh will be revealed This ca ISA 40 5 sf3k figs-synecdoche 0 for the mouth of Yahweh has spoken it The word “mouth” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh has spoken it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) ISA 40 6 slv6 figs-metaphor 0 All flesh is grass The word “flesh” refers to people. The speaker speaks of humans as if they are grass, because they both die quickly. Alternate translation: “All people are like grass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 40 6 tzv2 figs-simile 0 all their covenant faithfulness is like the flower of the field The speaker compares the covenant faithfulness of people to flowers that bloom and then die quickly. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful.” See how you translated “covenant faithfulness” in [Isaiah 16:5](../16/05.md). Alternate translation: “they quickly stop being faithful to the covenant, just like a flower of the field dies quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -ISA 40 6 h3q7 0 covenant faithfulness Possible meanings are (1) covenant faithfulness or (2) beauty. -ISA 40 7 m65h 0 when the breath of Yahweh blows on it Possible meanings are (1) “when Yahweh blows his breath on it” or (2) “when Yahweh sends a wind to blow on it.” +ISA 40 6 h3q7 0 covenant faithfulness This could mean: (1) covenant faithfulness or (2) beauty. +ISA 40 7 m65h 0 when the breath of Yahweh blows on it This could mean: (1) “when Yahweh blows his breath on it” or (2) “when Yahweh sends a wind to blow on it.” ISA 40 7 p8bp figs-metaphor 0 humanity is grass The speaker speaks of humans as if they are grass, because they both die quickly. Alternate translation: “people die as quickly as grass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 40 8 ilr1 figs-metaphor 0 the word of our God will stand forever The speaker speaks of what God says lasting forever as if his word stands forever. Alternate translation: “the things that our God says will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 40 9 da3x figs-personification 0 Go up on a high mountain, Zion, bearer of good news The writer speaks of Zion as if it were a messenger who declares good news from a mountain top. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) @@ -2317,7 +2317,7 @@ ISA 40 14 e7e8 figs-rquestion 0 From whom did he ever receive instruction? This ISA 40 14 h7pz figs-rquestion 0 Who taught him the correct way to do things, and taught him knowledge, or showed to him the way of understanding? This rhetorical question anticipates a negative answer and emphasizes that no one has ever done these things. Alternate translation: “No one taught him the correct way to do things. No one taught him knowledge. No one showed to him the way of understanding.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ISA 40 15 xu1z 0 Look…see These words add emphasis to what follows. ISA 40 15 m437 figs-simile 0 the nations are like a drop in a bucket, and are regarded like the dust on the scales The prophet compares the nations to a drop of water and to dust in order to emphasize how small and insignificant they are to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -ISA 40 15 bl7h 0 like a drop in a bucket Possible meanings are (1) a drop of water that falls into a bucket or (2) a drop of water that drops out of a bucket. +ISA 40 15 bl7h 0 like a drop in a bucket This could mean: (1) a drop of water that falls into a bucket or (2) a drop of water that drops out of a bucket. ISA 40 15 c6k1 figs-activepassive 0 are regarded like the dust on the scales This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh regards them as dust on the scales” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 40 17 bap7 figs-activepassive 0 they are regarded by him as nothing This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he regards them as nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 40 18 pv1a figs-rquestion 0 To whom then will you compare God? To what idol will you liken him? Isaiah uses two similar questions to emphasize that there is no idol that can compare with God. Alternate translation: “There is no one to whom you can compare God. There is no idol to which you can liken him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -2343,7 +2343,7 @@ ISA 40 26 w46r figs-litotes 0 not one is missing This negative statement emphas ISA 40 27 p5my figs-rquestion 0 Why do you say, Jacob, and declare, Israel…vindication”? The question emphasizes that they should not say what they say. Alternate translation: “‘You should not say, O people of Israel…vindication’.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ISA 40 27 s7bb figs-doublet 0 Why do you say, Jacob, and declare, Israel These two phrases both refer to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Why do you say, O people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) ISA 40 27 tsn1 figs-metaphor 0 My way is hidden from Yahweh Yahweh not knowing what happens to them is spoken of as if Yahweh could not see the road upon which they travel. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does not know what happens to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ISA 40 27 r58k 0 my God is not concerned about my vindication Possible meanings are (1) “my God is not concerned about others treating me unjustly” or (2) “my God is not concerned about treating me justly.” +ISA 40 27 r58k 0 my God is not concerned about my vindication This could mean: (1) “my God is not concerned about others treating me unjustly” or (2) “my God is not concerned about treating me justly.” ISA 40 28 v4f1 figs-rquestion 0 Have you not known? Have you not heard? Isaiah uses these questions to emphasize that the people should know Yahweh’s greatness. See how you translated these in [Isaiah 40:21](../40/21.md). Alternate translation: “You certainly know and have heard!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ISA 40 28 d991 figs-metaphor 0 the ends of the earth The places on the earth that are very far away are spoken of as if they were the places where the earth ends. This phrase also forms a merism and refers to everywhere in between the ends. AT “the farthest places of the earth” or “the entire earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) ISA 40 29 gt6k figs-parallelism 0 He gives strength to the tired; and to the weak he gives renewed energy These two lines share similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh strengthens those who have no strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -2360,11 +2360,11 @@ ISA 41 2 ckc3 0 He hands nations over to him “I give the nations over to him ISA 41 2 n5yz figs-metaphor 0 He turns them to dust with his sword, like windblown stubble with his bow Turning them to dust and stubble is a metaphor or exaggeration for completely destroying everything the people of these nations have made. The armies of one from the east will conquer these nations and scatter the people easily. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) ISA 41 3 a4li 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the coastlands and the nations. ISA 41 3 dk7c 0 He pursues them and passes by safely “The ruler from the east pursues the nations” -ISA 41 3 iyl6 figs-metaphor 0 by a swift path that his feet scarcely touch Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which he and his army moving very quickly is spoken of as if his feet barely touch the ground. Alternate translation: “by a path on which he moves with great speed” or (2) “feet” represents the whole person and the phrase indicates that this is a path that they have not traveled before. Alternate translation: “by a path that he has never traveled before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +ISA 41 3 iyl6 figs-metaphor 0 by a swift path that his feet scarcely touch This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which he and his army moving very quickly is spoken of as if his feet barely touch the ground. Alternate translation: “by a path on which he moves with great speed” or (2) “feet” represents the whole person and the phrase indicates that this is a path that they have not traveled before. Alternate translation: “by a path that he has never traveled before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) ISA 41 4 xap2 figs-rquestion 0 Who has performed and accomplished these deeds? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who has done these things. Alternate translation: “I have performed and accomplished these deeds.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ISA 41 4 lw9z figs-rquestion 0 Who has summoned the generations from the beginning? Here the word “generations” represents all of human history, which Yahweh created and directed throughout history. The rhetorical question anticipates the answer, Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I have summoned the generations of humanity from the beginning.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ISA 41 4 z51k figs-doublet 0 performed and accomplished These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh is the one who has done these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -ISA 41 4 rvp7 0 the first, and with the last ones Possible meanings are (1) that Yahweh existed before creation and will exist at the end of creation or (2) that Yahweh was before the first generation of humanity and will be at the last generation of humanity. +ISA 41 4 rvp7 0 the first, and with the last ones This could mean: (1) that Yahweh existed before creation and will exist at the end of creation or (2) that Yahweh was before the first generation of humanity and will be at the last generation of humanity. ISA 41 5 xi3d 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. ISA 41 5 n6gc figs-metonymy 0 The isles…the ends of the earth These phrases represent the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “People who live on the isles…people who live at the ends of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 41 5 z1m3 0 The isles You can translate “isles” the same way you translated “coastlands” in [Isaiah 41:1](../41/01.md). @@ -2379,7 +2379,7 @@ ISA 41 9 unb2 figs-metaphor 0 the ends of the earth The places on the earth tha ISA 41 9 ah78 figs-parallelism 0 I have chosen you and not rejected you These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second states in negative terms what the first states in positive terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) ISA 41 10 sv29 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. ISA 41 10 y2hx figs-metaphor 0 I will uphold you with my righteous right hand Yahweh strengthening his people is spoken of as if he were holding them with his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ISA 41 10 m5ra figs-metonymy 0 my righteous right hand Here “right hand” represents Yahweh’s power. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh’s right hand is righteous in that he will always do the right thing. Alternate translation: “my righteous power” or (2) Yahweh’s right hand is victorious in that he will always succeed in what he does. Alternate translation: “my victorious power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +ISA 41 10 m5ra figs-metonymy 0 my righteous right hand Here “right hand” represents Yahweh’s power. This could mean: (1) Yahweh’s right hand is righteous in that he will always do the right thing. Alternate translation: “my righteous power” or (2) Yahweh’s right hand is victorious in that he will always succeed in what he does. Alternate translation: “my victorious power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 41 11 fup1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. ISA 41 11 i38z 0 they will be ashamed and disgraced, all who have been angry with you “all who have been angry with you will be ashamed and disgraced” ISA 41 11 acy9 figs-doublet 0 ashamed and disgraced These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of their shame. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) @@ -2388,7 +2388,7 @@ ISA 41 12 rr8g 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people ISA 41 13 mcq1 figs-metaphor 0 I…will hold your right hand Yahweh helping the people of Israel is spoken of as if he were holding their right hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 41 14 nw9b 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. ISA 41 14 d1xa figs-doublet 0 Jacob you worm, and you men of Israel Here “Jacob” and “men of Israel” mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “you people of Israel who are like worms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -ISA 41 14 x6h1 figs-metaphor 0 Jacob you worm Possible meanings are (1) that this refers to the opinions of other nations regarding the people of Israel or (2) that this refers to Israel’s own opinion of themselves. Yahweh speaks of their insignificance as if they were a worm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 41 14 x6h1 figs-metaphor 0 Jacob you worm This could mean: (1) that this refers to the opinions of other nations regarding the people of Israel or (2) that this refers to Israel’s own opinion of themselves. Yahweh speaks of their insignificance as if they were a worm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 41 14 vga7 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ISA 41 14 s6u3 0 Holy One of Israel See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). ISA 41 15 dv6j figs-metaphor 0 I am making you like a sharp threshing sledge…you will make the hills like chaff Yahweh speaks of enabling Israel to defeat their enemies as if he were making the nation a threshing sledge that will level mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -2410,7 +2410,7 @@ ISA 41 24 yv5h figs-you 0 the one who chooses you Here “you” is plural and ISA 41 25 bsg2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. ISA 41 25 rd8b figs-metaphor 0 I have raised up one Yahweh speaks of appointing a person as if he raised that person up. Alternate translation: “I have appointed one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 41 25 s97v figs-idiom 0 from the sun’s rising This refers to the east, the direction from which the sun rises. Alternate translation: “from the east” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -ISA 41 25 i891 0 him who calls on my name Possible meanings are (1) that this person invokes Yahweh for his success or (2) that this person worships Yahweh. +ISA 41 25 i891 0 him who calls on my name This could mean: (1) that this person invokes Yahweh for his success or (2) that this person worships Yahweh. ISA 41 25 bb4s figs-metaphor 0 he will trample the rulers Conquering the rulers of other nations is spoken of as if it were trampling them under foot. Alternate translation: “he will conquer the rulers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 41 25 q8p3 figs-simile 0 like a potter who is treading on the clay Yahweh compares the way in which this person will trample the other rulers with the way that a potter tramples on clay to mix it with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ISA 41 26 u3i7 figs-rquestion 0 Who announced this from the beginning, that we might know? Before this time, that we may say, “He is right”? Yahweh uses these rhetorical questions to mock the idols that the people worship. The implied answers are (1) that the idols have not done these things and (2) that Yahweh is the one who has done these things. Alternate translation: “None of the idols announced this from the beginning, that we might know. And none of them announced this before time, that we may say, ‘He is right.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) @@ -2456,7 +2456,7 @@ ISA 42 15 qi5p 0 the marshes A marsh is an area of soft, wet land with pools o ISA 42 16 hck4 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. ISA 42 16 d8u8 figs-parallelism 0 I will bring the blind by a way that they do not know; in paths that they do not know I will lead them These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “I will lead the blind in paths that they do not know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) ISA 42 16 e56x figs-metaphor 0 the blind Yahweh speaks of his people being helpless as if they could not see because they were blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ISA 42 16 l8wt 0 that they do not know Possible meanings are (1) “that they have never traveled” or (2) “with which they are unfamiliar.” +ISA 42 16 l8wt 0 that they do not know This could mean: (1) “that they have never traveled” or (2) “with which they are unfamiliar.” ISA 42 16 jc1b figs-metaphor 0 I will turn the darkness into light before them Yahweh speaks of his people being helpless as if they could not see because they walked in darkness, and of his helping them as if he caused light to shine in the darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 42 17 tfv2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. ISA 42 17 ayv4 figs-metaphor 0 They will be turned back, they will be completely put to shame Rejecting those who worship idols is spoken of as if it is forcing them to turn back and move the opposite direction. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will reject them and put them to shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -2564,7 +2564,7 @@ ISA 44 5 lfi3 0 another will call out the name of Jacob “another person will ISA 44 5 y4il 0 name himself by the name of Israel “call himself a descendant of Israel” ISA 44 6 q311 0 his Redeemer “Israel’s Redeemer” ISA 44 6 tts3 0 Yahweh of hosts See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md). -ISA 44 6 j95i figs-merism 0 I am the first, and I am the last This phrase emphasizes Yahweh’s eternal nature. Possible meanings are (1) “I am the one who began all things, and I am the one who ends all things” or (2) “I am the one who has always lived, and I am the one who always will live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +ISA 44 6 j95i figs-merism 0 I am the first, and I am the last This phrase emphasizes Yahweh’s eternal nature. This could mean: (1) “I am the one who began all things, and I am the one who ends all things” or (2) “I am the one who has always lived, and I am the one who always will live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) ISA 44 7 zm2k 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. ISA 44 7 r8gi figs-rquestion 0 Who is like me? Let him announce Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no one like him. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “If anyone thinks he is like me, let him announce” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ISA 44 8 nbn1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. @@ -2579,7 +2579,7 @@ ISA 44 9 fps8 figs-activepassive 0 they will be put to shame This can be stated ISA 44 10 rn93 figs-rquestion 0 Who would form a god or cast an idol that is worthless? Yahweh is using this question to rebuke those who make idols. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only fools would form a god or cast an idol that is worthless.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ISA 44 10 tu2g figs-distinguish 0 cast an idol that is worthless The word “worthless” does not distinguish worthless idols from idols that have worth, because all idols are worthless. Alternate translation: “cast worthless idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) ISA 44 11 dnp6 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. -ISA 44 11 xq1i figs-explicit 0 all his associates Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the associates of the craftsman who makes the idol. Alternate translation: “all of the craftsman’s associates” or (2) this refers to those who associate themselves with the idol by worshiping it. Alternate translation: “all those who worship the idol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +ISA 44 11 xq1i figs-explicit 0 all his associates This could mean: (1) this refers to the associates of the craftsman who makes the idol. Alternate translation: “all of the craftsman’s associates” or (2) this refers to those who associate themselves with the idol by worshiping it. Alternate translation: “all those who worship the idol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ISA 44 11 ka7l figs-activepassive 0 be put to shame This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 44 11 n21m 0 Let them take their stand together “Let them all come together before me” ISA 44 11 qc5v 0 they will cower “they will be terrified.” To “cower” is to bend over in fear. @@ -2605,7 +2605,7 @@ ISA 44 21 bng6 figs-activepassive 0 you will not be forgotten by me This can be ISA 44 22 ey1y figs-parallelism 0 I have blotted out, like a thick cloud, your rebellious deeds, and like a cloud, your sins Both of these statements mean the same thing. God has removed their sins as quickly and easily as a wind can blow away a cloud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ISA 44 22 n1fa figs-ellipsis 0 like a cloud, your sins The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “like a cloud, I have blotted out your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) ISA 44 23 p5tq figs-apostrophe 0 Sing, you heavens…glory in Israel Here Isaiah speaks various parts of creation as if they were people and commands them to praise Yawheh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -ISA 44 23 pm5m figs-merism 0 you depths of the earth “you lowest parts of the earth.” Possible meanings are (1) that this refers to very deep places on the earth such as caves or canyons and forms a merism with “heavens” in the previous phrase or (2) that this refers to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +ISA 44 23 pm5m figs-merism 0 you depths of the earth “you lowest parts of the earth.” This could mean: (1) that this refers to very deep places on the earth such as caves or canyons and forms a merism with “heavens” in the previous phrase or (2) that this refers to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) ISA 44 24 c6gm 0 Redeemer See how you translated this word in [Isaiah 41:14](../41/14.md). ISA 44 24 ye1e figs-metaphor 0 he who formed you from the womb Yahweh speaks of creating the nation of Israel as if it were forming the nation as a baby in its mother’s womb. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 44:2](../44/02.md). Alternate translation: “he who made you, as I form a baby in the womb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 44 24 qcw6 figs-metaphor 0 who alone stretched out the heavens Yahweh speaks of creating the heavens as if they were fabric which he stretched out. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:5](../42/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -2629,7 +2629,7 @@ ISA 45 2 i615 0 their iron bars This refers to the iron bars on the bronze gat ISA 45 3 j4lq figs-abstractnouns 0 the treasures of darkness Here “darkness” refers to places that are secret. Alternate translation: “treasures in dark places” or “the treasures in secret places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) ISA 45 4 lb2n 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Cyrus. ISA 45 4 x9uf figs-doublet 0 Jacob…Israel These both refer to the descendants of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ISA 45 5 uj89 0 I will arm you for battle Possible meanings are (1) “I will strengthen you for battle” or (2) “I will equip you for battle.” +ISA 45 5 uj89 0 I will arm you for battle This could mean: (1) “I will strengthen you for battle” or (2) “I will equip you for battle.” ISA 45 6 rj47 figs-merism 0 from the rising of the sun, and from the west Since the sun rises in the east, this phrase forms a merism and means everywhere on earth. Alternate translation: “from every place on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) ISA 45 7 w7ux 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. ISA 45 7 fa4k figs-merism 0 I form the light and create darkness; I bring peace and create disaster Both of these expressions form merisms that emphasize that Yahweh is sovereign creator of everything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) @@ -2637,7 +2637,7 @@ ISA 45 8 bb15 figs-metaphor 0 You heavens, rain down from above…righteousness ISA 45 8 lxn8 figs-apostrophe 0 You heavens Yahweh momentarily turns his attention from his people and begins to speak to the heavens. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) ISA 45 9 ecu9 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. ISA 45 9 f6zy figs-metaphor 0 any other earthen pot among all the earthen pots in the ground Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were a potter, and of the one who would argue with him as if that person and the rest of humanity were all clay pots. Alternate translation: “like one piece of pottery among many other pieces of pottery scattered on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ISA 45 9 v32t 0 earthen pot Possible meanings are (1) “clay pot” or (2) “piece of broken clay pottery.” +ISA 45 9 v32t 0 earthen pot This could mean: (1) “clay pot” or (2) “piece of broken clay pottery.” ISA 45 9 tc19 figs-rquestion 0 Does the clay say to the potter…on it’? Yahweh asks this question to rebuke those who argue with him about what he does. Alternate translation: “The clay should not say to the potter…on it!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ISA 45 10 pin2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to scold those who argue with him about what he does. ISA 45 10 m3zm figs-metaphor 0 Woe to him who says to a father,…‘What are you giving birth to?’ Yahweh speaks of those who would argue him as if they were unborn children who argue with their own parents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -2650,7 +2650,7 @@ ISA 45 12 tk49 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. ISA 45 12 ki21 figs-synecdoche 0 It was my hands that Here the word “hands” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “It was I who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) ISA 45 12 ati8 0 stretched out the heavens Yahweh speaks of creating the heavens as if they were fabric that he stretched out. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:5](../42/05.md). ISA 45 13 t11e 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. -ISA 45 13 wzd7 0 I stirred Cyrus up in righteousness Here the word “righteousness” refers to right action. Possible meanings are (1) that Yahweh has stirred up Cyrus to do the right thing or (2) that Yahweh was right to stir up Cyrus. +ISA 45 13 wzd7 0 I stirred Cyrus up in righteousness Here the word “righteousness” refers to right action. This could mean: (1) that Yahweh has stirred up Cyrus to do the right thing or (2) that Yahweh was right to stir up Cyrus. ISA 45 13 ikq9 figs-metaphor 0 I stirred Cyrus Yahweh speaks of causing Cyrus to act as if it were stirring him from slumber. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 45 13 rv5p figs-metaphor 0 I will smooth out all his paths Yahweh speaks of removing obstacles and causing Cyrus to be successful as if he were making the paths smooth on which Cyrus walks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 45 13 rhm5 0 He will build my city This refers to Jerusalem. @@ -2768,12 +2768,12 @@ ISA 48 10 rn48 figs-metaphor 0 Look, I refined you, but not as silver; I have p ISA 48 11 sf4g figs-rquestion 0 for how can I allow my name to be profaned? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he can never allow his own name to be dishonored. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for I cannot allow anyone to profane my name.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ISA 48 12 lbc9 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. ISA 48 12 q7py figs-doublet 0 Jacob, and Israel Both of these refer to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ISA 48 12 f7ei figs-merism 0 I am the first, I also am the last This phrase emphasizes Yahweh’s eternal nature. Possible meanings are (1) “I am the one who began all things, and I am the one who ends all things” or (2) “I am the one who has always lived, and I am the one who always will live.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 44:6](../44/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +ISA 48 12 f7ei figs-merism 0 I am the first, I also am the last This phrase emphasizes Yahweh’s eternal nature. This could mean: (1) “I am the one who began all things, and I am the one who ends all things” or (2) “I am the one who has always lived, and I am the one who always will live.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 44:6](../44/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) ISA 48 13 x9pc figs-synecdoche 0 my hand laid the foundation of the earth, and my right hand spread out the heavens Here “hand” refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I laid the foundation of the earth, and I spread out the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) ISA 48 13 a1fq 0 the foundation of the earth The word “foundation” normally refers to a stone structure that gives support to a building from underneath. Here it describes a similar structure that was thought to support and hold the earth in place. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 24:18](../24/18.md). ISA 48 13 u4il figs-metaphor 0 spread out the heavens Yahweh speaks of creating the heavens as if they were fabric which Yahweh stretched out. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Isaiah 42:5](../42/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 48 13 rx2t figs-metaphor 0 when I call to them, they stand up together Standing up when Yahweh calls is a metaphor for being ready to obey him. Yahweh speaks of the earth and the heavens as if they were able to hear him and obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -ISA 48 13 x82p 0 when I call to them Possible meanings are (1) “when I call the earth and the heavens” or (2) “when I call the stars in the heavens.” +ISA 48 13 x82p 0 when I call to them This could mean: (1) “when I call the earth and the heavens” or (2) “when I call the stars in the heavens.” ISA 48 14 b3gm 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. ISA 48 14 ery6 figs-rquestion 0 Who among you has announced these things? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the idols have not told them these things. Alternate translation: “None of your idols has told this to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ISA 48 14 fb8g figs-parallelism 0 Yahweh’s ally will accomplish his purpose against Babylon. He will carry out Yahweh’s will against the Chaldeans Here “ally” refers to Cyrus. Both of these sentences mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -2858,7 +2858,7 @@ ISA 49 22 ps5y figs-metaphor 0 They will bring your sons in their arms and carr ISA 49 23 xx8n figs-personification 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) ISA 49 23 q6dc figs-metaphor 0 Kings will be your foster fathers, and their queens your nursemaids Yahweh speaks of the people who will inhabit Zion as if they were the city’s children. The terms “foster fathers” and “nursemaids” refer to men and women who become responsible for the care of children. Alternate translation: “The kings and queens of other nations will provide for your inhabitants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 49 23 w8ev 0 they will bow down to you with their faces to the earth and lick the dust of your feet These phrases describe gestures that people used to express complete submission to a superior. -ISA 49 23 fx8v figs-idiom 0 lick the dust of your feet Possible meanings are (1) that this is a literal expression of submission where the person licks the dust off of a superior’s foot or from the ground at the superior’s foot or (2) that this is an idiom that describes a person prostrating himself before a superior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +ISA 49 23 fx8v figs-idiom 0 lick the dust of your feet This could mean: (1) that this is a literal expression of submission where the person licks the dust off of a superior’s foot or from the ground at the superior’s foot or (2) that this is an idiom that describes a person prostrating himself before a superior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ISA 49 23 j5gn figs-activepassive 0 will not be put to shame This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will not be ashamed” or “will not be disappointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 49 24 nrw9 figs-personification 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) ISA 49 24 w2vc figs-rquestion 0 Can the spoils be taken from the warrior, or captives be rescued from the fierce? Isaiah uses a question to express the difficulty of taking anything from a mighty soldier or a very strong warrior. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person cannot take the spoils from a warrior or rescue captives from fierce soldiers.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -2866,8 +2866,8 @@ ISA 49 24 c5s2 0 spoils valuable items taken from the losers in a battle ISA 49 25 kqr1 figs-activepassive 0 the captives will be taken away from the warrior, and spoils will be rescued Yahweh says that he will do what is usually impossible for people to do. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will take the captives from the warrior, and I will rescue the spoils” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 49 25 zzu8 figs-metaphor 0 I will…save your children Yahweh speaks of the people who will inhabit Zion as if they were the city’s children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 49 26 mu96 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a person. -ISA 49 26 qp7y figs-metaphor 0 I will feed your oppressors with their own flesh Possible meanings are (1) the oppressors will be so hungry that they will eat the flesh of their friends who have died. Alternate translation: “I will cause your oppressors to eat their own flesh” or (2) Yahweh speaks of the oppressors fighting against and destroying themselves as if they were eating themselves. Alternate translation: “I will cause your oppressors to destroy themselves, as if they were eating their own flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ISA 49 26 l5ym figs-metaphor 0 they will get drunk on their own blood, as if it were wine Possible meanings are (1) the oppressors will be so thirsty that they drink the blood of their friends who have died. Alternate translation: “they will drink their friends’ blood and be like weak people who are drunk on wine” or (2) Yahweh speaks of the oppressors fighting against and destroying themselves as if they were drinking their own blood. Alternate translation: “they will shed so much of their friends’ blood that it will be as though they were getting drunk with wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 49 26 qp7y figs-metaphor 0 I will feed your oppressors with their own flesh This could mean: (1) the oppressors will be so hungry that they will eat the flesh of their friends who have died. Alternate translation: “I will cause your oppressors to eat their own flesh” or (2) Yahweh speaks of the oppressors fighting against and destroying themselves as if they were eating themselves. Alternate translation: “I will cause your oppressors to destroy themselves, as if they were eating their own flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 49 26 l5ym figs-metaphor 0 they will get drunk on their own blood, as if it were wine This could mean: (1) the oppressors will be so thirsty that they drink the blood of their friends who have died. Alternate translation: “they will drink their friends’ blood and be like weak people who are drunk on wine” or (2) Yahweh speaks of the oppressors fighting against and destroying themselves as if they were drinking their own blood. Alternate translation: “they will shed so much of their friends’ blood that it will be as though they were getting drunk with wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 50 intro w2ie 0 # Isaiah 50 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>Many scholars believe that there are four songs or poems which Isaiah records about the Messiah. Isaiah 50:4-9 is the third of these songs. They are often called the “servant songs” because they focus on the Messiah being a servant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. These questions prove Yahweh’s point and are intended to convince the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ISA 50 1 ca66 figs-metaphor 0 Where is the certificate of divorce with which I divorced your mother? Yahweh speaks of Zion as if the city were the mother of the people who lived there and of sending the people into exile as if he were divorcing their mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 50 1 dz6i figs-rquestion 0 Where is the certificate of divorce with which I divorced your mother? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question so that the people would produce “the certificate of divorce,” which would provide the reason Yahweh sent them into exile. Alternate translation: “Show me the certificate of divorce with which I divorced your mother.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -2883,9 +2883,9 @@ ISA 50 2 cl62 figs-metaphor 0 I make the rivers a desert Yahweh speaks of dryin ISA 50 2 d3r6 0 their fish die for lack of water and rot “their fish die and rot for lack of water.” The word “their” refers to the sea and the rivers. ISA 50 3 y7n5 figs-metaphor 0 I clothe the sky with darkness; I cover it with sackcloth These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of causing the sky to become dark as if he were clothing it with sackcloth. Alternate translation: “I make the sky dark, as if it were wearing dark sackcloth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) ISA 50 4 ww6d 0 General Information: Yahweh’s servant begins to speak. -ISA 50 4 ahs2 figs-metonymy 0 The Lord Yahweh has given me a tongue as one of those who are taught The word “tongue” represents what he says. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh has enabled him to speak as one who has learned to speak skillfully. Alternate translation: “The Lord Yahweh has enabled me to be a skillful speaker” or (2) Yahweh has taught him what to say. Alternate translation: “The Lord Yahweh has enabled me to speak what he has taught me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +ISA 50 4 ahs2 figs-metonymy 0 The Lord Yahweh has given me a tongue as one of those who are taught The word “tongue” represents what he says. This could mean: (1) Yahweh has enabled him to speak as one who has learned to speak skillfully. Alternate translation: “The Lord Yahweh has enabled me to be a skillful speaker” or (2) Yahweh has taught him what to say. Alternate translation: “The Lord Yahweh has enabled me to speak what he has taught me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 50 4 zzf8 figs-synecdoche 0 he awakens my ear to hear Here “my ear” refers to Yahweh’s servant. Yahweh enabling him to hear and understand what Yahweh teaches him is spoken of as if Yahweh awakened his ear from sleep. Alternate translation: “he has enabled me to understand what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ISA 50 4 v3ta figs-simile 0 like those who are taught The servant compares himself with a student who learns from his teacher. Possible meanings are (1) “like one who learns from his teacher” or (2) “like one whom he has taught” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +ISA 50 4 v3ta figs-simile 0 like those who are taught The servant compares himself with a student who learns from his teacher. This could mean: (1) “like one who learns from his teacher” or (2) “like one whom he has taught” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 50 5 m5ss 0 General Information: The servant of Yahweh continues speaking. ISA 50 5 z5m7 figs-metaphor 0 The Lord Yahweh has opened my ear Yahweh enabling his servant to hear and understand is spoken of as if Yahweh opened his ear. Alternate translation: “The Lord Yahweh has enabled me to hear and understand him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 50 5 hk16 figs-parallelism 0 I was not rebellious, nor did I turn away backward These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Disobeying what Yahweh said is spoken of as if it were turning one’s back toward him. This can be stated in positive terms. Alternate translation: “I obeyed what he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -3025,7 +3025,7 @@ ISA 52 4 jx27 figs-metonymy 0 Assyria has oppressed them Assyria refers to the ISA 52 5 v517 figs-rquestion 0 Now what do I have here…seeing that my people are taken away for nothing? Yahweh uses a question to make the people pay attention to what he is about to say. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Now look at what is happening…my people are again taken away for nothing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ISA 52 5 h4tq figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 30:1](../30/01.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ISA 52 5 b5in figs-activepassive 0 seeing that my people are taken away for nothing This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I see the enemy taking my people away for nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -ISA 52 5 pw1c figs-metaphor 0 for nothing Possible meanings are (1) “for nothing” means the Babylonians took the people unjustly and without cause or (2) this continues the metaphor from [Isaiah 52:3](../52/03.md) where Yahweh is spoken of as if he owned the people of Israel and could give them away for nothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ISA 52 5 pw1c figs-metaphor 0 for nothing This could mean: (1) “for nothing” means the Babylonians took the people unjustly and without cause or (2) this continues the metaphor from [Isaiah 52:3](../52/03.md) where Yahweh is spoken of as if he owned the people of Israel and could give them away for nothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 52 5 zer1 0 Those who rule over them mock This refers to the Babylonians who have conquered the people. However, some versions have, “Those who rule over them wail.” For these versions, this passage refers to the leaders of the Israelites in captivity. ISA 52 5 fb49 figs-metonymy 0 my name is blasphemed continually all day long Here “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those who watch the enemy take away my people are continually saying evil things about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 52 6 b17m figs-metonymy 0 Therefore my people will know my name Here “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “Therefore my people will truly know who I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -3094,7 +3094,7 @@ ISA 53 10 q44m figs-activepassive 0 Yahweh’s purpose will be accomplished thr ISA 53 11 y6hr figs-metonymy 0 After the suffering of his life Here “his life” refers to the servant. Alternate translation: “After the servant has suffered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ISA 53 11 z63d figs-metaphor 0 he will see light Many versions understand “light” here to stand for life. That is, the servant will become alive again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 53 11 kq9w 0 My righteous servant Here “my” refers to Yahweh. -ISA 53 11 q1ts figs-metaphor 0 he will bear their iniquities The word “bear” means carry. Possible meanings are (1) “their iniquities” is a metonym representing the punishment for their sins. Alternate translation: “he will take their punishment” or “he will be punished for their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])or (2) “their iniquities” is a metonym representing their guilt. Alternate translation: “he will take their guilt upon himself” or “he will be guilty for their sins” +ISA 53 11 q1ts figs-metaphor 0 he will bear their iniquities The word “bear” means carry. This could mean: (1) “their iniquities” is a metonym representing the punishment for their sins. Alternate translation: “he will take their punishment” or “he will be punished for their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])or (2) “their iniquities” is a metonym representing their guilt. Alternate translation: “he will take their guilt upon himself” or “he will be guilty for their sins” ISA 53 12 y3y2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues describing his servant. ISA 53 12 p84g figs-parallelism 0 Therefore will I give him his portion among the multitudes, and he will divide the spoils with the many These two clauses mean basically the same thing. “Portion” and “spoils” refer to a king after a victorious battle sharing the plunder or rewards with his army. This means God will greatly honor his servant because of his sacrifice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 53 12 q68p 0 the multitudes Many versions interpret this expression as “the many” or “the strong.” @@ -3163,13 +3163,13 @@ ISA 55 2 ua4a figs-synecdoche 0 for what is not bread Here the word “bread” ISA 55 2 l8h1 figs-metaphor 0 eat what is good, and delight yourselves in fatness The people trusting Yahweh for blessing and happiness is spoken of as if they are eating good food that is making them happy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 55 2 b221 figs-idiom 0 in fatness The word “fatness” refers to meat that has plenty of fat on it and is an idiom for fine food. Alternate translation: “with the best foods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ISA 55 3 npj6 figs-metaphor 0 Turn your ears Listening to or paying attention to someone is spoken of as if it were turning one’s ears to someone. Alternate translation: “Pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ISA 55 4 lar1 0 I have placed him Possible meanings are (1) this refers to what Yahweh did for King David in the past or (2) it refers to what God will do through one of David’s descendants. +ISA 55 4 lar1 0 I have placed him This could mean: (1) this refers to what Yahweh did for King David in the past or (2) it refers to what God will do through one of David’s descendants. ISA 55 5 leh9 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. ISA 55 5 pxt4 0 the Holy One of Israel See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md). ISA 55 6 qi9x figs-activepassive 0 Seek Yahweh while he may be found This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Seek Yahweh while you can still find him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ISA 55 7 c3wy figs-nominaladj 0 Let the wicked leave his path The word “wicked” refers to wicked people. Yahweh speaks of wicked people no longer sinning as if they were to stop walking along a path that they had been traveling. Alternate translation: “Let wicked people change the way they live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ISA 55 7 y63b figs-ellipsis 0 the man of sin his thoughts The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “let the sinful man leave his thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -ISA 55 7 wj8e 0 his thoughts Possible meanings are (1) “the way he thinks” or (2) “his plans” +ISA 55 7 wj8e 0 his thoughts This could mean: (1) “the way he thinks” or (2) “his plans” ISA 55 7 h5ht 0 he will pity him “Yahweh will pity him” ISA 55 7 mq71 figs-ellipsis 0 to our God The verb may be supplied from the first phrase in this sentence. Alternate translation: “let him return to our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) ISA 55 8 faw8 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Jerusalem. diff --git a/en_tn_24-JER.tsv b/en_tn_24-JER.tsv index 80a6fa6b93..5b6425de83 100644 --- a/en_tn_24-JER.tsv +++ b/en_tn_24-JER.tsv @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ JER 1 6 j6eh figs-hyperbole 0 I do not know how to speak Jeremiah may have been JER 1 8 r2iu 0 Do not be afraid of them “Do not be afraid of the people I will send you to speak to” JER 1 8 jk96 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration The word “this” refers to what Yahweh just said in verses 7 and 8. JER 1 8 tfp9 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -JER 1 9 gq1r figs-metaphor 0 Then Yahweh reached out with his hand, touched my mouth Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor representing Yahweh giving Jeremiah special authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then it was as though Yahweh touched my mouth” or (2) Jeremiah was seeing a vision and Yahweh actually did this as a symbolic act of giving Jeremiah authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh touched my mouth with his hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +JER 1 9 gq1r figs-metaphor 0 Then Yahweh reached out with his hand, touched my mouth This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor representing Yahweh giving Jeremiah special authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then it was as though Yahweh touched my mouth” or (2) Jeremiah was seeing a vision and Yahweh actually did this as a symbolic act of giving Jeremiah authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh touched my mouth with his hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) JER 1 9 sw5r figs-metaphor 0 I have placed my word in your mouth This phrase represents giving Jeremiah his message. Alternate translation: “I have given you my message for you to speak to the people” or “I have enabled you to tell the people my message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 1 10 xz7w 0 I am appointing you…to uproot and break down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and plant Jeremiah would do these things to various nations by saying that they would happen. JER 1 10 k126 0 to uproot and break down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and plant He would uproot, break down, destroy and overthrow some nations, and he would build and plant other nations. @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ JER 1 13 dy8k 0 tipping away from the north This means that it was tipping tow JER 1 14 sxk1 figs-metaphor 0 Disaster will be opened up out of the north “Disaster will be let loose from the north.” This represents God causing disaster to come from the north to the south. Alternate translation: “Disaster will come from the north” or “I will send disaster from the north” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 1 15 ci59 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah about the disaster that would come from the north. JER 1 15 eu1c figs-hyperbole 0 everyone This generalization refers to the kings of the northern kingdoms. Alternate translation: “every king” or “all of the northern kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -JER 1 15 duv8 figs-metaphor 0 will set his throne at the entrance of the gates of Jerusalem Possible meanings are (1) this represents ruling over Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will rule at the gates of Jerusalem” or (2) this represents judging Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will judge Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JER 1 15 duv8 figs-metaphor 0 will set his throne at the entrance of the gates of Jerusalem This could mean: (1) this represents ruling over Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will rule at the gates of Jerusalem” or (2) this represents judging Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will judge Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 1 15 j1zf figs-metonymy 0 against all the walls that surround it Setting their thrones “against all the walls that surround it” represents commanding their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “and they will command their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 1 15 d8i9 figs-metonymy 0 against all the cities of Judah Setting their thrones “against all the cities of Judah” represents commanding their armies to destroy all the cities of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 1 16 gg7p 0 I will pronounce sentence against them “I will announce how I will punish them” @@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ JER 2 6 xpu1 figs-metaphor 0 a land of drought and deep darkness A “land of d JER 2 7 e78y figs-parallelism 0 you defiled my land, you made my inheritance an abomination! These two phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “you sinned and made the land I gave you disgusting to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JER 2 7 z346 figs-metaphor 0 you defiled my land Here “defiled” represents making the land unacceptable to God. They did this by sinning against him there when they worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “by sinning, you made my land no good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 2 7 x8z6 0 you made my inheritance an abomination “you made my inheritance disgusting by your sin” or “by sinning, you made my inheritance repulsive” -JER 2 7 bs45 figs-metaphor 0 my inheritance Possible meanings are (1) God is speaking of his land as if he had inherited it. Alternate translation: “my land” or (2) God is speaking of the land he gave to Israel as if he had given it to them as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land I gave you” or “the land I gave you as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JER 2 7 bs45 figs-metaphor 0 my inheritance This could mean: (1) God is speaking of his land as if he had inherited it. Alternate translation: “my land” or (2) God is speaking of the land he gave to Israel as if he had given it to them as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land I gave you” or “the land I gave you as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 2 8 kt1g figs-rquestion 0 Where is Yahweh? This question would have shown that they wanted to obey Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need to obey Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JER 2 8 hl48 0 did not care about me “were not committed to me” or “rejected me” JER 2 8 vv8y figs-metaphor 0 The shepherds transgressed against me The leaders are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people who followed them were sheep. Alternate translation: “Their leaders sinned against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ JER 3 20 y4z7 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of JER 3 21 jt6v figs-activepassive 0 A voice is heard This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People hear a noise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JER 3 21 n3ty 0 the weeping and pleading of the people of Israel “the people of Israel crying and begging loudly” JER 3 21 kza9 figs-metaphor 0 they have forgotten Yahweh their God Here “have forgotten” represents neglecting or ignoring. Alternate translation: “They have ignored Yahweh their God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JER 3 22 y37e figs-metaphor 0 I will heal you of treachery! Possible meanings are (1) “heal you of treachery” represents causing Israel to stop being unfaithful to God. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to stop being unfaithful to me” or (2) “heal you of treachery” represents forgiving Israel for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: “I will forgive your treachery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JER 3 22 y37e figs-metaphor 0 I will heal you of treachery! This could mean: (1) “heal you of treachery” represents causing Israel to stop being unfaithful to God. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to stop being unfaithful to me” or (2) “heal you of treachery” represents forgiving Israel for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: “I will forgive your treachery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 3 22 n26k 0 heal you of treachery “heal you so you will stop being unfaithful to me” JER 3 22 z8l6 figs-ellipsis 0 Behold! We will come to you It is understood that this is what the people of Israel will say. Alternate translation: “The people will reply, ‘Behold! We will come to you” or “You will say “Behold! We will come to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JER 3 22 t3nz 0 Behold “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important” @@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ JER 5 26 zk7i figs-simile 0 They watch as someone crouches to capture birds God JER 5 26 rv4u figs-metaphor 0 they set a trap and catch people God speaks of wicked people intentionally harming others as if they were setting a trap. Alternate translation: “They set things up so that they can take advantage of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 5 27 qx63 figs-simile 0 Like a cage full of birds, their houses are full of deceit Here “deceit” represents the things that were taken by deceit. Alternate translation: Like a cage full of birds that a hunter has caught, wicked people’s houses are full of things that they have taken by deceiving people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 5 27 ktf1 figs-metaphor 0 they grow large and become rich Here “large” represents powerful. Alternate translation: “these wicked people become powerful and rich” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JER 5 28 cw6j 0 they shine with well-being Possible meanings are (1) their skin shines because of the healthy food they eat, or (2) their body is smooth because of the muscle and fat between their bones and skin. It indicates that they eat well. +JER 5 28 cw6j 0 they shine with well-being This could mean: (1) their skin shines because of the healthy food they eat, or (2) their body is smooth because of the muscle and fat between their bones and skin. It indicates that they eat well. JER 5 28 plb9 figs-metaphor 0 They crossed over all bounds of wickedness Doing all kinds of wicked things is spoken of as if there were a boundary separating some wicked things from things that are even more wicked. Alternate translation: “They do all kinds of wicked things” or “They even do the most wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 5 28 mc4l 0 They do not plead the cause of the people, or the cause of the orphan “They do not plead with the rulers to give the people and the orphans what they need” or “They do not plead with the rulers to give justice to the people and the orphans” JER 5 28 fdb8 0 they have not given justice to the needy “they have not helped the needy by doing what is just for them” @@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ JER 5 30 jnz7 figs-explicit 0 Atrocities and horrors have occurred This can be JER 5 30 a5il figs-explicit 0 in the land Here “the land” refers to the land of Israel.’ Alternate translation: “in the land of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JER 5 31 m6tl 0 The prophets prophesy with deceit, and the priests rule with their own power These are the atrocities and horrors that are spoken of in verse 30. JER 5 31 jd9n 0 The prophets prophesy with deceit “The prophets prophesy lies” or “The prophets tell lies when they prophesy” -JER 5 31 md9e figs-explicit 0 the priests rule with their own power Possible meanings are (1) the priests do not submit to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “the priests rule by their own authority” or (2) the priests rule according to the directions of the prophets (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +JER 5 31 md9e figs-explicit 0 the priests rule with their own power This could mean: (1) the priests do not submit to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “the priests rule by their own authority” or (2) the priests rule according to the directions of the prophets (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JER 5 31 lf6j figs-rquestion 0 but what will happen in the end? “but what will you do at the end of all of this?” Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people will regret being wicked when he punishes them for it. Alternate translation: “but in the end I will punish you and you will be regret your wicked behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JER 6 intro f4ic 0 # Jeremiah 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 6:1-30.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gods and battle<br>In the ancient Near East, it was commonly believed that a nation’s gods were responsible for military victory. It may have been believed that a god would not defend an evil city. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) JER 6 1 h511 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking. @@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ JER 6 1 f21l figs-idiom 0 Find safety…by leaving Jerusalem Here “Find safet JER 6 1 a8g6 0 people of Benjamin This is who Yahweh was speaking to. JER 6 1 h78h figs-explicit 0 Blow a trumpet in Tekoa A trumpet is used as a warning that people will be attacked. Alternate translation: “Blow a trumpet in Tekoa to warn the people that they will be attacked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JER 6 1 v1e9 translate-names 0 Tekoa This is the name of a town about 18 kilometers south of Jerusalem. The name means “a horn for blowing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -JER 6 1 m5nz 0 Raise up over Beth Hakkerem a signal Possible meanings are (1) the signal is smoke from a fire. Alternate translation: “Light a fire to send up smoke at Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming” or (2) the signal is a flag. Alternate translation: “Raise up a flag over the town of Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming” +JER 6 1 m5nz 0 Raise up over Beth Hakkerem a signal This could mean: (1) the signal is smoke from a fire. Alternate translation: “Light a fire to send up smoke at Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming” or (2) the signal is a flag. Alternate translation: “Raise up a flag over the town of Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming” JER 6 1 cj9u 0 Beth Hakkerem the name of a town about 10 kilometers south of Jerusalem. The name means “the place of the vineyard.” JER 6 1 fa2a figs-metonymy 0 wickedness is appearing from the north Here “wickedness” represents disaster and the people who will cause it. Alternate translation: “enemies will come from the north and cause disaster to happen to you” or “enemies coming from the north will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 6 1 sub6 figs-explicit 0 a great crushing is coming How the crushing will come can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Enemies will come and crush you” or “Enemies will come and destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ JER 6 13 gwi1 figs-nominaladj 0 the greatest This refers to the most powerful a JER 6 13 vdj4 0 all of them “all of the people of Israel” JER 6 13 qw1u figs-abstractnouns 0 are greedy for dishonest gain The abstract noun “gain” can be expressed with the phrases “get more money” or “get more things.” Alternate translation: “want to get more money by lying to people” or “strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JER 6 13 b8dn 0 all of them practice deceit “all of them deceive people” or “all of them are liars” -JER 6 14 it97 figs-metaphor 0 They have healed the wounds of my people lightly Possible meanings are (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They acts as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JER 6 14 it97 figs-metaphor 0 They have healed the wounds of my people lightly This could mean: (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They acts as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 6 14 kz57 figs-metaphor 0 They have healed the wounds…lightly Here “lightly” represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 6 14 lqp6 0 ‘Peace, Peace,’ when there is no peace “‘All is well, All is well,’ but it is not well” JER 6 15 l12m figs-rquestion 0 Were they ashamed when they practiced abominations? God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. Alternate translation: “They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ JER 6 16 s27z figs-explicit 0 Yahweh says this It can be stated clearly who Yah JER 6 16 s5rz figs-metaphor 0 Stand at the road crossing…We will not go The roads and pathways refer to ways that people live their lives. Yahweh wants the people of Israel to ask what is the good way to live their lives and for them to live that way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 6 16 ez9b 0 the road crossing This refers to the place where two roads meet. JER 6 16 s5kk figs-metaphor 0 ask for the ancient pathways The ancient pathways represent their ancestors’s behavior, how their ancestors lived long ago. Alternate translation: “ask about the pathways that your ancestors walked on” or “ask about how your ancestors behaved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JER 6 16 h56h figs-metaphor 0 Where is this good way Possible meanings are (1) “this good way” represents the good way to live. Alternate translation: “What is the good way to live” or (2) “this good way” represents the way to live that results in blessings. Alternate translation: “Where is the way to what is good” or “What is the way to live that results in blessing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JER 6 16 h56h figs-metaphor 0 Where is this good way This could mean: (1) “this good way” represents the good way to live. Alternate translation: “What is the good way to live” or (2) “this good way” represents the way to live that results in blessings. Alternate translation: “Where is the way to what is good” or “What is the way to live that results in blessing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 6 16 a4xf figs-metaphor 0 Then go on it “Then walk on that path.” Going on that path represents living that way. Alternate translation: “Then live that way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 6 16 s29n figs-metaphor 0 We will not go This represents not living that way. Alternate translation: “We will not live that way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 6 17 zs9d figs-metaphor 0 I appointed for you watchmen to listen for the trumpet Yahweh speaks of his prophets as if they were watchmen who were sent to warn the people of danger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ JER 7 24 gts3 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in the JER 7 24 u79z 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. JER 7 24 mmx8 figs-doublet 0 they did not listen or pay attention These phrases mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JER 7 24 hex1 0 by their own stubborn plans of their wicked hearts “according to their own plans because they were wicked and stubborn” -JER 7 24 pn8b figs-metaphor 0 they went backwards, not forward This is a metaphor. Possible meanings are (1) they refused to pay attention to Yahweh, instead of eagerly obeying him. Alternate translation: “they went away from me instead of drawing closer to me” or (2) they got worse and worse instead of improving. Alternate translation: “they got worse instead of better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JER 7 24 pn8b figs-metaphor 0 they went backwards, not forward This is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) they refused to pay attention to Yahweh, instead of eagerly obeying him. Alternate translation: “they went away from me instead of drawing closer to me” or (2) they got worse and worse instead of improving. Alternate translation: “they got worse instead of better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 7 25 g7qg figs-hyperbole 0 Ever since the day when your ancestors went out from the land of Egypt until this day This is a generalization that means over this entire period of time, not every day during this period of time. Alternate translation: “From the time your ancestors went out from the land of Egypt until now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) JER 7 25 wl88 0 I persisted in sending them “I sent them again and again” or “I repeatedly sent them” JER 7 26 x6ns figs-idiom 0 they hardened their necks This is an idiom that means they were stubborn. Alternate translation: “they became stubborn” or “they resisted me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -724,7 +724,7 @@ JER 8 10 c6bc figs-abstractnouns 0 are greedy for dishonest gain The abstract n JER 8 10 me66 0 all of them practice deceit “all of them deceive people” or “all of them are liars” JER 8 11 a894 0 General Information: The words “they,” “their” and “them” in these verses refer to the people of Judah. JER 8 11 f7ex 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah. -JER 8 11 t6ta figs-metaphor 0 They healed the wounds of my people lightly Possible meanings are (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JER 8 11 t6ta figs-metaphor 0 They healed the wounds of my people lightly This could mean: (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 8 11 t1ge figs-metaphor 0 They healed the wounds…lightly Here “lightly” represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 8 11 mjy3 0 “Peace, Peace,” when there was no peace “‘All is well, All is well,’ but it was not well” JER 8 12 j556 figs-rquestion 0 Were they ashamed when they practiced abominations? God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. Alternate translation: “They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ JER 8 18 ia82 figs-hyperbole 0 has no end These words are an exaggeration that JER 8 18 ah2i figs-synecdoche 0 my heart is sick Here “heart” represents Jeremiah, emphasizing his feelings and emotions. Alternate translation: “I feel sick deep down inside me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JER 8 19 i7c2 0 Behold! This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. “Pay attention!” JER 8 19 i2u5 figs-metaphor 0 the daughter of my people Jeremiah is speaking about the people of Judah in a way that shows his affection for them, as if for a daughter. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate translation: “my dear people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JER 8 19 qg4d 0 from a land far away Possible meanings are (1) From exile. Alternate translation: “from exile in a distant land” or (2) From throughout the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “throughout our land” +JER 8 19 qg4d 0 from a land far away This could mean: (1) From exile. Alternate translation: “from exile in a distant land” or (2) From throughout the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “throughout our land” JER 8 19 r91i figs-parallelism 0 Is Yahweh not in Zion? Is her king no longer there? These two questions are similar in meaning. They imply that the people of Judah are wondering why Yahweh is not saving them. Alternate translation: “Why does Yahweh not save us if he is the king in Zion?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JER 8 19 i1se figs-rquestion 0 Why then do they provoke me to anger with their carved figures and their worthless foreign idols? The word “me” refers to Yahweh. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “If they want me to save them, then they must not offend me with their carved figures.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JER 8 20 i3bj 0 General Information: The word “we” refers to the people of Judah. The words “I” and “my” refer to Jeremiah. @@ -1000,7 +1000,7 @@ JER 12 3 jep3 0 the day of slaughter “the day they will be destroyed” JER 12 4 gvz5 0 How long will the land go on drying up…because of the wickedness of its inhabitants? Their land is dry and rain has not come as punishment for the peoples’ wickedness. JER 12 4 bea9 0 wither dry up JER 12 4 lm57 figs-activepassive 0 The animals and the birds have been taken away This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The animals and the birds are gone” or “The animals and the birds have all died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -JER 12 4 a1hp 0 God will not see what happens to us Possible meanings are (1) The people are saying that God does not know what things will happen to them in their future or (2) God is unaware of their sin. Alternate translation: “God does not see the sinful things that we do” +JER 12 4 a1hp 0 God will not see what happens to us This could mean: (1) The people are saying that God does not know what things will happen to them in their future or (2) God is unaware of their sin. Alternate translation: “God does not see the sinful things that we do” JER 12 5 hax2 figs-rquestion 0 how can you compete against horses? This rhetorical question implies that he would not be able to run with horses. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will never compete well against horses.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JER 12 5 e5b2 figs-ellipsis 0 If you fall down This refers to while the person is running. Alternate translation: “If you fall down while running” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JER 12 5 km32 0 the safe countryside This refers to the open countryside, where it is easy to travel quickly, in contrast to the overgrown thickets along the Jordan River, where it is difficult to move. @@ -1310,11 +1310,11 @@ JER 17 12 c58h figs-metaphor 0 The place of our temple is a glorious throne Jer JER 17 12 mmb5 0 The place of our temple This refers to Mount Zion in Jerusalem. JER 17 13 j27x 0 All who abandon you Here the word “you” refers to Yahweh. JER 17 13 tkv3 figs-activepassive 0 those in the land who turn away from you will be written in the earth This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will write in the dust those in the land who turn away from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -JER 17 13 e5ej figs-metaphor 0 will be written in the earth Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people dying and being forgotten as if someone writes their names in the dust, and those names quickly disappear. Alternate translation: “will disappear like names that someone writes in the dust” or (2) the word “earth” is a metonym for the place of the dead. The phrase is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people going to the place of the dead as if someone enrolled their names in the records of those who have died. Alternate translation: “will join those in the place of the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +JER 17 13 e5ej figs-metaphor 0 will be written in the earth This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people dying and being forgotten as if someone writes their names in the dust, and those names quickly disappear. Alternate translation: “will disappear like names that someone writes in the dust” or (2) the word “earth” is a metonym for the place of the dead. The phrase is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people going to the place of the dead as if someone enrolled their names in the records of those who have died. Alternate translation: “will join those in the place of the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 17 13 vf2c figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh, the fountain of living waters Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh being the source of life as if he were a fountain of living waters. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who is like a fountain of living waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 17 13 pj3q figs-metaphor 0 the fountain of living waters Jeremiah speaks of fresh, running water as if it were living water. Alternate translation: “the fountain of fresh, running water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 17 14 emc7 figs-activepassive 0 I will be healed…I will be rescued This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you really will have healed me…you really will have rescued me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -JER 17 14 t5hz 0 For you are my song of praise Possible meanings are (1) “For you are the one whom I praise” or (2) “For you are the reason I sing praise.” +JER 17 14 t5hz 0 For you are my song of praise This could mean: (1) “For you are the one whom I praise” or (2) “For you are the reason I sing praise.” JER 17 15 c8ap 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” JER 17 15 kn8p 0 they are saying to me Here the word “me” refers to Jeremiah and the word “they” to his enemies. JER 17 15 qef1 figs-rquestion 0 Where is the word of Yahweh? The people use this question to ridicule Jeremiah because the things that he said had not yet happened. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Where are the things that Yahweh told you would happen?” or “The things that Yahweh told you would happen have not happened.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -1402,7 +1402,7 @@ JER 19 2 r77q 0 Valley of Ben Hinnom This is the name of a valley south of the JER 19 3 lse3 0 Yahweh of hosts…says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). JER 19 3 tn4j 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” JER 19 3 wu9y figs-idiom 0 the ears of everyone who hears of it will tingle Here “ears…will tingle” is an idiom that means everyone will be shocked by what they hear. Alternate translation: “it will shock everyone who hears of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -JER 19 3 w8jh 0 will tingle Possible meanings are (1) “will ring” or (2) “will quiver.” +JER 19 3 w8jh 0 will tingle This could mean: (1) “will ring” or (2) “will quiver.” JER 19 4 i11f 0 they have abandoned me Here the word “they” refers to the people of Judah. JER 19 4 h6hz figs-metonymy 0 filled this place with innocent blood Here “innocent blood” represents the murder of innocent people. Yahweh speaks of murdering many people as filling a place with blood. Alternate translation: “murdered many innocent people in this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 19 5 hi1p figs-metonymy 0 nor did it enter my mind Here the word “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). Alternate translation: “nor did I ever think about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1427,7 +1427,7 @@ JER 19 15 rv5y figs-parallelism 0 stiffened their neck and refused to listen Th JER 20 intro apn5 0 # Jeremiah 20 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 20:7-18.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pashhur<br>This chapter prophesied punishment against a specific leader named Pashhur. He was in charge of protecting the temple and had Jeremiah beaten and arrested. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>### Jeremiah’s reaction<br>Jeremiah’s reaction contrasts with the reaction of the Jews in general. Although Jeremiah was not happy with Yahweh’s actions, he still trusted in Yahweh. On the other hand, the Jews were not happy with the prophecies Yahweh gave to Jeremiah, so they beat the prophet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) JER 20 1 l4ka writing-poetry 0 General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JER 20 1 xjd1 translate-names 0 Pashhur…Immer These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -JER 20 2 h7fz figs-metonymy 0 Pashhur beat Jeremiah Possible meanings are (1) that Pashhur himself beat Jeremiah or (2) that Pashhur ordered other men to beat Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +JER 20 2 h7fz figs-metonymy 0 Pashhur beat Jeremiah This could mean: (1) that Pashhur himself beat Jeremiah or (2) that Pashhur ordered other men to beat Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 20 2 rg2f 0 stocks Stocks are a wooden frame with holes in it that people use to lock up a prisoner’s hands, feet, and head. JER 20 2 yc2r 0 Upper Gate of Benjamin This gate is different from the gate in the city wall that shared the same name. JER 20 3 wf2c 0 It happened This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. @@ -1448,7 +1448,7 @@ JER 20 7 r3gc 0 laughingstock This is a person whom others laugh at and make f JER 20 8 dqv6 figs-doublet 0 called out and proclaimed These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he proclaimed Yahweh’s message boldly. Alternate translation: “openly proclaimed” or “proclaimed loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JER 20 8 bd79 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh’s word has become for me reproach and mocking every day Here “word” refers to the message of Yahweh. The words “reproach” and “mocking” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “people reproach and mock me every day because I proclaim Yahweh’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JER 20 8 t4n7 figs-doublet 0 for me reproach and mocking The words “reproach” and “mocking” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that people have ridiculed Jeremiah for proclaiming Yahweh’s message. Alternate translation: “a reason for people to ridicule me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -JER 20 9 bs6s figs-metonymy 0 I will not speak any longer in his name Possible meanings are (1) “I will never mention Yahweh or say anything about him” or (2) the word “name” represents authority. Alternate translation: “I will no longer speak as his messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +JER 20 9 bs6s figs-metonymy 0 I will not speak any longer in his name This could mean: (1) “I will never mention Yahweh or say anything about him” or (2) the word “name” represents authority. Alternate translation: “I will no longer speak as his messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 20 9 a3zh figs-synecdoche 0 it is like a fire in my heart, held within my bones Here the words “heart” and “bones” represent Jeremiah’s innermost being. Jeremiah speaks of being unable to not speak Yahweh’s message as if Yahweh’s message were a fire that burns within him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s word is like a fire that burns deep within me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 20 10 tf3t 0 Report! We must report it Jeremiah’s enemies say these words. JER 20 10 x8mp figs-metaphor 0 watch to see if I will fall Jeremiah speaks of his enemies waiting for him to do something wrong for which they might accuse him as if they were watching for him to fall down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1482,11 +1482,11 @@ JER 21 2 q4d4 0 Seek advice from Yahweh on our behalf…making war on us This JER 21 2 z5nz 0 as in times past “as he did in the past” JER 21 2 s62n 0 will make him withdraw from us “will make him go away” JER 21 4 leg9 0 See This tells the hearer to pay special attention to what follows. -JER 21 4 ax9r 0 turn back Possible meanings are (1) to make useless or (2) to send back into the city. -JER 21 4 rb48 figs-metonymy 0 the instruments of war that are in your hand Possible meanings are (1) the instruments of war refers to the soldiers who carry them and “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the soldiers that you command” or (2) the instruments of war are literal weapons and “your hand” represent both the king and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “the weapons that you and your soldiers carry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +JER 21 4 ax9r 0 turn back This could mean: (1) to make useless or (2) to send back into the city. +JER 21 4 rb48 figs-metonymy 0 the instruments of war that are in your hand This could mean: (1) the instruments of war refers to the soldiers who carry them and “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the soldiers that you command” or (2) the instruments of war are literal weapons and “your hand” represent both the king and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “the weapons that you and your soldiers carry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JER 21 4 a79u 0 Chaldeans This term here is another name for the Babylonians. JER 21 4 xk9a 0 closing you in “coming close to you” -JER 21 4 cju6 0 I will gather them Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will allow the Babylonians to enter the city or (2) Yahweh will cause the Israelites to bring their weapons back into the center of the city. +JER 21 4 cju6 0 I will gather them This could mean: (1) Yahweh will allow the Babylonians to enter the city or (2) Yahweh will cause the Israelites to bring their weapons back into the center of the city. JER 21 5 hc2w figs-rpronouns 0 Then I myself This is emphatic and stresses that Yahweh is the one who will do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) JER 21 5 jrm2 figs-idiom 0 with a raised hand and a strong arm Both of these phrases are idiomatic expressions that refer to great power. Alternate translation: “with very great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JER 21 5 f3ic figs-doublet 0 with wrath, fury, and great anger These words all mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the great intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: “with extremely great anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) @@ -1495,7 +1495,7 @@ JER 21 7 k4qv figs-metonymy 0 the sword Here this refers to the battle in which JER 21 7 ziv3 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand Here “hand” refers to the power of their enemies over them. Alternate translation: “into the power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 21 7 vgu8 figs-parallelism 0 Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon…their enemies…those seeking their life All of these phrases refer to Nebuchadnezzar and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JER 21 7 z1zk 0 seeking their life “wanting to kill them” -JER 21 7 equ4 figs-metonymy 0 with the edge of the sword Possible meanings are (1) this is a metonym for death in battle. Alternate translation: “in battle” or (2) they will be killed by literal swords. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +JER 21 7 equ4 figs-metonymy 0 with the edge of the sword This could mean: (1) this is a metonym for death in battle. Alternate translation: “in battle” or (2) they will be killed by literal swords. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 21 7 j95p figs-doublet 0 He will not pity them, spare them, or have compassion These three phrases have the same meaning and emphasize that Nebuchadnezzar will deal severely with them. Alternate translation: “He will not show them any mercy or compassion at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JER 21 8 uz34 0 this people “the people of Jerusalem” JER 21 8 k2vf 0 I am about to place before you the way of life and the way of death Yahweh is offering the people of Jerusalem a choice that will determine whether they live or die. @@ -1516,11 +1516,11 @@ JER 21 12 l5bg figs-metonymy 0 the hand of the oppressor Here “hand” refers JER 21 12 bpj8 figs-metaphor 0 my fury will go out like fire and burn Here Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if it was a fire that would burn up those who did evil. Alternate translation: “I will punish and destroy you in my anger quickly and completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 21 12 ph8p figs-metaphor 0 there is no one who can quench it Jeremiah continues the simile of Yahweh’s punishment as a fire that was so hot that no one could put it out with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 21 13 a8zt 0 See This alerts whoever is hearing to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention” -JER 21 13 qie5 0 inhabitant of the valley Possible meanings are (1) this may refer to Jerusalem, which was located above a valley, because “inhabitant” is singular and feminine, as is Jerusalem or (2) this is directed to another city or group of people. Most versions leave the original form rather than specifying the city. +JER 21 13 qie5 0 inhabitant of the valley This could mean: (1) this may refer to Jerusalem, which was located above a valley, because “inhabitant” is singular and feminine, as is Jerusalem or (2) this is directed to another city or group of people. Most versions leave the original form rather than specifying the city. JER 21 13 h96i 0 I am against “I oppose” or “I am going to punish” JER 21 13 dxt4 figs-rquestion 0 Who will come down to attack us?…Who will enter our houses? These questions are used to state their confidence that they can resist attack. Alternate translation: “No one will attack us!…No one will enter our houses!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JER 21 14 uf3g figs-metaphor 0 I have assigned the fruit of your practices to come against you The result of their evil deeds is spoken of as fruit which grew from those practices. Alternate translation: “I will punish you as you deserve because of the things you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JER 21 14 nf8v figs-metaphor 0 in the thickets Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor for the columns of wood that supported the palace or (2) these are literal patches of brush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JER 21 14 nf8v figs-metaphor 0 in the thickets This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor for the columns of wood that supported the palace or (2) these are literal patches of brush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 22 intro in1u 0 # Jeremiah 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 22:6-10, 13-28, 28-30.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Luxury and oppression<br><br>Because the king lived in luxury and oppressed the poor, God was sending him and his mother into captivity unless he repented. The king lacked justice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) JER 22 1 z5bz 0 the house of the king of Judah “the palace of the king of Judah.” The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace where the king lived. JER 22 1 qfg5 0 proclaim this word “proclaim this message” @@ -1531,19 +1531,19 @@ JER 22 3 y9er figs-metonymy 0 the hand of the oppressor Here “the hand” ref JER 22 3 m38q 0 Do not mistreat “Do not treat badly” JER 22 3 z2z9 0 orphan a child who does not have parents JER 22 3 b6c5 figs-idiom 0 Do not…pour out innocent blood Here “pour out…blood” is associated with murder, and “blood” refers to the murdered people. Alternate translation: “Do not…murder innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -JER 22 3 t9h8 0 in this place Possible meanings are (1) Jerusalem or (2) the whole country of Judah. This does not imply that it is good to murder people in other places. +JER 22 3 t9h8 0 in this place This could mean: (1) Jerusalem or (2) the whole country of Judah. This does not imply that it is good to murder people in other places. JER 22 4 f37x figs-metonymy 0 kings sitting on David’s throne The metonym “throne” refers to kingly authority like David had. Alternate translation: “kings, ruling like David before them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 22 4 vfy3 0 the gates of this house This refers to the gates to the courtyard of the palace. JER 22 4 l5m1 figs-metonymy 0 riding in a chariot and on horses This phrase is a metonym that describes the kings as powerful and wealthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 22 4 rx2m figs-ellipsis 0 he, his servants, and his people This sentence lists all who will be powerful and wealthy. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “he, his servants, and his people will ride into the palace on chariots and horses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JER 22 5 zef9 0 if you do not listen to “if you refuse to pay attention to” or “if you do not obey” JER 22 5 w37m 0 this royal house This phrase here appears to refer specifically to the royal palace. -JER 22 6 hfy3 figs-metonymy 0 the house of the king of Judah Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the royal palace where the king lived or (2) “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, who were the royal line of the kings of Judah. Alternate translation: “the royal dynasty of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -JER 22 6 v879 figs-simile 0 You are like Gilead, or like the summit of Lebanon Possible meanings are (1) “You are as beautiful as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon” or (2) “You give me as much pleasure as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +JER 22 6 hfy3 figs-metonymy 0 the house of the king of Judah This could mean: (1) this refers to the royal palace where the king lived or (2) “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, who were the royal line of the kings of Judah. Alternate translation: “the royal dynasty of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +JER 22 6 v879 figs-simile 0 You are like Gilead, or like the summit of Lebanon This could mean: (1) “You are as beautiful as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon” or (2) “You give me as much pleasure as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JER 22 6 ahd6 figs-metaphor 0 turn you into a wilderness What was formerly beautiful is said to become bare and deserted. Alternate translation: “cause you to become empty like the desert” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 22 7 wcw6 0 I have designated destroyers to come against you “I have chosen an army to attack you” JER 22 7 d1mn figs-metaphor 0 the best of your cedars Possible meaning are (1) the beams of the palace or (2) the leading men of the royal family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JER 22 7 wb7h figs-metaphor 0 fall into the fire Possible meanings are (1) a literal fire that will burn the palace beams or (2) the destruction of the royal family is spoken of as if they were burned in a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JER 22 7 wb7h figs-metaphor 0 fall into the fire This could mean: (1) a literal fire that will burn the palace beams or (2) the destruction of the royal family is spoken of as if they were burned in a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 22 8 t15z figs-synecdoche 0 Then many nations will pass by this city Here “nations” refers to the people from those nations that pass by. Alternate translation: “Then many people from various nations will pass by this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JER 22 9 a4v3 figs-doublet 0 bowed down to other gods and worshiped them These two phrases mean the same thing. The phrase “bowed down” describes the posture that people used in worship. Alternate translation: “they worshiped other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) JER 22 10 mwb9 0 General Information: Yahweh has shifted from addressing the King of Judah and is now speaking to a general audience. @@ -1581,7 +1581,7 @@ JER 22 22 l2p1 figs-metaphor 0 The wind will shepherd away all your shepherds T JER 22 22 m6ua 0 go into captivity “become captives” or “go into exile” JER 22 23 i6fc figs-metaphor 0 You who live in ‘Lebanon,’ who is nestled in cedar buildings Yahweh speaks of the royal palace as “Lebanon” and “cedar buildings” because it was constructed with a lot of cedar. Alternate translation: “You who live in a palace made from the cedars of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 22 23 n9dg figs-you 0 You who live This “You” is singular and refers to the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -JER 22 23 x4j2 figs-activepassive 0 how you will be pitied The meaning of the Hebrew is not clear. This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “they will greatly pity you” or (2) “you will groan greatly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +JER 22 23 x4j2 figs-activepassive 0 how you will be pitied The meaning of the Hebrew is not clear. This can be stated in active form. This could mean: (1) “they will greatly pity you” or (2) “you will groan greatly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JER 22 23 vfv9 figs-simile 0 when the labor pains come upon you, pain like that of a woman in labor The pain that the king will feel when his enemies defeat him will be as intense as the pain a woman feels in childbirth. Alternate translation: “when you experience pain as intense as the pain of a woman in childbirth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JER 22 24 lcv6 figs-hypo 0 even if you…were the signet on my right hand Yahweh speaks to Jehoiachin as if it were possible for him to be the ring on Yahweh’s hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JER 22 24 fu3p figs-metonymy 0 the signet on my right hand A signet ring was used by a king to place his seal of authority on documents. The signet ring therefore represents authority to rule. The right hand also represents authority to rule. Alternate translation: “the signet ring on my right hand that represented my authority to be king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1642,7 +1642,7 @@ JER 23 12 fgb1 figs-simile 0 their way will be like a slippery place in the dar JER 23 12 cdv6 figs-metaphor 0 I will send disaster against them Yahweh speaks of disaster as an enemy that he will send to attack the priests and false prophets. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to experience disaster” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 23 13 q2w8 0 Connecting Statement: Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md). JER 23 13 sqi5 figs-metaphor 0 led my people Israel astray The deception of the people by the false prophets is spoken of as leading them down the wrong path. Alternate translation: “deceived my people, the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JER 23 14 kpq8 0 They commit adultery Possible meanings are (1) they were literally unfaithful to their wives or (2) their worship of other gods is spoken of as spiritual adultery. +JER 23 14 kpq8 0 They commit adultery This could mean: (1) they were literally unfaithful to their wives or (2) their worship of other gods is spoken of as spiritual adultery. JER 23 14 gu9j figs-idiom 0 walk in deceit This idiom means they lived a life of deceit. Alternate translation: “live in dishonesty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JER 23 14 v93v figs-synecdoche 0 They strengthen the hands of evildoers Here “hands” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “They strengthen those who do evil” or “They encourage people who do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JER 23 14 hf5u 0 no one turns back from his evildoing This can be state in positive form. Alternate translation: “everyone continues in their sin” @@ -1778,7 +1778,7 @@ JER 25 18 m6p4 0 an object for hissing and cursing The word “hissing” refe JER 25 18 jbw1 0 they are at this present day Possible meanings are that this phrase (1) refers to the time when the book of Jeremiah was written and some time after Jeremiah had proclaimed this prophecy or (2) means that the things about which Jeremiah prophesies here have already started to happen. JER 25 19 zv1x figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 25 19 c8ay figs-metonymy 0 Other nations also had to drink it The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “People from other nations also had to drink the wine from the cup” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -JER 25 20 lnv5 0 people of mixed heritage Possible meanings are (1) people whose ancestors were from different people groups or (2) foreigners who lived in Egypt. +JER 25 20 lnv5 0 people of mixed heritage This could mean: (1) people whose ancestors were from different people groups or (2) foreigners who lived in Egypt. JER 25 20 y7a1 translate-names 0 Uz This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JER 25 22 q9z1 figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 25 22 e275 0 the sea This is a reference to the Mediterranean Sea. @@ -1833,7 +1833,7 @@ JER 26 6 vka9 figs-simile 0 then I will make this house like Shiloh Yahweh had JER 26 6 qd3h figs-metonymy 0 I will turn this city into a curse What Yahweh would turn the city into is a metonym for what people would use the city for. Alternate translation: “I will make this city so that people will ask me to destroy others the way I have destroyed this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 26 6 w3q2 0 in the sight of all the nations on earth “so that all the nations on earth can see me do it” JER 26 7 id3z 0 Yahweh’s house the temple -JER 26 8 zr32 0 all the people seized him and said, “You will certainly die! Possible meanings are (1) The people chose to believe the lie of false peace and did not want to be confronted with the truth, or (2) the people believed the other prophets proclaiming peace and saw Jeremiah as a false prophet who should be stoned for leading the people astray. +JER 26 8 zr32 0 all the people seized him and said, “You will certainly die! This could mean: (1) The people chose to believe the lie of false peace and did not want to be confronted with the truth, or (2) the people believed the other prophets proclaiming peace and saw Jeremiah as a false prophet who should be stoned for leading the people astray. JER 26 9 sb1y figs-rquestion 0 Why have you prophesied…inhabitant? This rebuke can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have prophesied…inhabitant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JER 26 10 kp6h 0 the New Gate the name of the gate through which people went into the temple JER 26 11 n24j 0 you heard with your own ears “you heard” @@ -1948,7 +1948,7 @@ JER 29 7 y2ms 0 the city…its behalf…it is at peace These words refer to th JER 29 8 n627 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the captive Israelites. JER 29 8 ty27 0 Yahweh of hosts…says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). JER 29 8 uw13 0 you yourselves are having Another possible meaning is “you are encouraging the prophets to have for you.” -JER 29 9 k591 0 they are prophesying deceitfully…I did not send them Possible meanings are (1) these words refer to the prophets and diviners, not to the dreams or (2) “they are prophesying deceitfully” refers to the dreams, and “I did not send them” refers to the prophets and diviners. +JER 29 9 k591 0 they are prophesying deceitfully…I did not send them This could mean: (1) these words refer to the prophets and diviners, not to the dreams or (2) “they are prophesying deceitfully” refers to the dreams, and “I did not send them” refers to the prophets and diviners. JER 29 9 dl19 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) JER 29 10 u5xk 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to the captives of Israel. JER 29 10 j5jj 0 you the captive Israelites @@ -1977,7 +1977,7 @@ JER 29 21 rtz1 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I JER 29 21 nlw5 figs-metonymy 0 I am about to put them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon Here “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “I will allow Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon to conquer them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 29 21 rp45 0 before your eyes “where you can see him do it” JER 29 22 bu5e figs-activepassive 0 a curse will be spoken about these persons by all the captives of Judah in Babylon This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the captives of Judah in Babylon will say a curse about these persons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -JER 29 22 d1hq figs-euphemism 0 roasted This word usually refers to cooking food over an open fire or in a pan, not to burning completely. Possible meanings are (1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “burned to death” or (2) the king’s men attached them to poles over the fire close enough that the fire would slowly kill them but far enough away that it would not totally consume their bodies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +JER 29 22 d1hq figs-euphemism 0 roasted This word usually refers to cooking food over an open fire or in a pan, not to burning completely. This could mean: (1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “burned to death” or (2) the king’s men attached them to poles over the fire close enough that the fire would slowly kill them but far enough away that it would not totally consume their bodies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) JER 29 23 siu5 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) JER 29 24 b1e4 translate-names 0 Shemaiah This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JER 29 24 zl7z translate-names 0 Nehelamite This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -2003,8 +2003,8 @@ JER 30 3 s2us figs-metaphor 0 days are coming…when I will restore the fortune JER 30 3 db1t figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) JER 30 3 xt2s 0 I will restore the fortunes of my people, Israel and Judah “I will cause things to go well for my people, Israel and Judah, again” or “I will cause my people, Israel and Judah, to live well again.” See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md). JER 30 4 m5dx writing-poetry 0 General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -JER 30 5 l2xq 0 We have heard Possible meanings are (1) that these are the words of Yahweh referring to himself as “we.” Alternate translation: “I have heard” or (2) that these are the words of the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “You people of Jerusalem say, ‘We have heard” -JER 30 5 mej1 0 a trembling voice of dread and not of peace Possible meanings are (1) “people cry out in dread because there is no peace” or (2) “you cry out in dread because there is no peace.” +JER 30 5 l2xq 0 We have heard This could mean: (1) that these are the words of Yahweh referring to himself as “we.” Alternate translation: “I have heard” or (2) that these are the words of the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “You people of Jerusalem say, ‘We have heard” +JER 30 5 mej1 0 a trembling voice of dread and not of peace This could mean: (1) “people cry out in dread because there is no peace” or (2) “you cry out in dread because there is no peace.” JER 30 6 br85 0 Ask and see if a man bears a child “You know that no man has ever given birth to a child” JER 30 6 t7ik figs-simile 0 Why do I see every young man with his hand on his loins like a woman bearing a child? Why have all their faces become pale? A woman about to give birth is in great pain and unable to do anything. The young men are so frightened that their bodies hurt, and they are unable to fight. Alternate translation: “The young men are holding their bellies like a woman giving birth; they all look sick because they are so afraid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JER 30 7 uva8 figs-metonymy 0 for Jacob, but he will be rescued from it The name Jacob is a metonym for the man’s descendants. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the descendants of Jacob, but I will rescue them from it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -2105,8 +2105,8 @@ JER 31 21 tws6 0 General Information: God continues to speak from verse 7. JER 31 21 t8m8 figs-pronouns 0 Place road signs for yourself…Set up guideposts for yourself…Set your mind…you should take…Come back These commands and instances of “yourself” and “your” and “you” are addressed to “virgin Israel” and so are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) JER 31 21 kbs3 figs-metaphor 0 Come back, virgin Israel! God is referring to a changed Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 31 22 w4vz figs-rquestion 0 How long will you waver, faithless daughter? Yahweh is telling his people that he is becoming impatient with them because they are not obeying him. Alternate translation: “Do not hesitate to start obeying me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -JER 31 22 ix8p figs-metaphor 0 waver Possible meanings are (1) be unable to decide what to do or (2) often go off the correct path, a metaphor for disobeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JER 31 22 gt15 figs-idiom 0 new on earth—a woman surrounds a strong man Possible meanings are (1) the people will be so safe that women will not need anyone to protect them or (2) this is an idiom for something no one would ever expect. Alternate translation: “new on earth—something as strange as a woman protecting a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +JER 31 22 ix8p figs-metaphor 0 waver This could mean: (1) be unable to decide what to do or (2) often go off the correct path, a metaphor for disobeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JER 31 22 gt15 figs-idiom 0 new on earth—a woman surrounds a strong man This could mean: (1) the people will be so safe that women will not need anyone to protect them or (2) this is an idiom for something no one would ever expect. Alternate translation: “new on earth—something as strange as a woman protecting a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JER 31 23 i697 0 Yahweh of hosts…says this Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md). JER 31 23 glu1 figs-explicit 0 the people Here this refers to the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JER 31 23 v46w figs-apostrophe 0 May Yahweh bless you, you righteous place where he lives, you holy mountain Jerusalem is on the top of a hill, and the temple was built at the highest point in Jerusalem. AT; “May Yahweh bless those who live in Jerusalem with Yahweh, where his temple is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -2123,7 +2123,7 @@ JER 31 28 k8da 0 I kept them under surveillance in order to uproot them “loo JER 31 28 i6nn 0 uproot…tear them down…overthrow…destroy See how you translated these ideas in [Jeremiah 1:9](../01/09.md). JER 31 28 ha61 figs-metaphor 0 in order to build them up and to plant them Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a house or a food crop. Alternate translation: “in order to make them strong and many” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 31 29 h14f writing-proverbs 0 Fathers have eaten sour grapes, but the children’s teeth are dulled These words are a proverb that Jeremiah heard people say when they were complaining that Yahweh was punishing children for the sins of their fathers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) -JER 31 29 cx2i 0 sour grapes Possible meanings are (1) grapes with too much acid in them or (2) grapes that are not ripe. If grapes are not part of your culture, you may want to use a general word for fruit. +JER 31 29 cx2i 0 sour grapes This could mean: (1) grapes with too much acid in them or (2) grapes that are not ripe. If grapes are not part of your culture, you may want to use a general word for fruit. JER 31 29 ic1b 0 teeth are dulled Use the common words in your language for how people’s mouths feel when they eat sour or unripe fruit. JER 31 30 uyf9 0 For each man will die in his own iniquity “For each man will die because of his own sins” JER 31 30 pl7f writing-proverbs 0 everyone who eats sour grapes, his teeth will be dulled Jeremiah restates the proverb so that it now means people will suffer as a consequence of their own behaviors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) @@ -2221,7 +2221,7 @@ JER 32 28 dcf6 0 See, I am about to give “Listen carefully! I am the one who JER 32 28 fb9t figs-metonymy 0 give this city into the hand of the Chaldeans Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a small object that he could put into a person’s hand. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand puts into action. Alternate translation: “put this city under the power of the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 32 29 w46s 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah. JER 32 29 s7dq 0 in order to provoke me “so that I would become very angry” -JER 32 30 r5j3 figs-metonymy 0 doing evil before my eyes Here the metonym “eyes” represents what God sees. Possible meanings are (1) “doing what I consider evil” or (2) “doing evil knowing that I am watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +JER 32 30 r5j3 figs-metonymy 0 doing evil before my eyes Here the metonym “eyes” represents what God sees. This could mean: (1) “doing what I consider evil” or (2) “doing evil knowing that I am watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 32 30 e1kb figs-metaphor 0 since their youth A person being young is a metaphor for the people of Israel first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: “from the time they were young” or “from the time that they became a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 32 30 qwp4 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) JER 32 31 fxx2 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah. @@ -2236,7 +2236,7 @@ JER 32 34 k9ry 0 their abominable idols “their idols which I hate” JER 32 34 jn46 figs-activepassive 0 the house that is called by my name Here “name” represents Yahweh. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the house that belongs to me” or “the building in which they worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 32 35 cau1 0 Valley of Ben Hinnom See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). JER 32 35 x89j figs-metonymy 0 It never entered my mind Here “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “I never thought at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -JER 32 36 y1ua figs-you 0 which you are saying Here “you” is plural. Possible meanings are (1) this refers to Jeremiah and those with him, or (2) it refers to all the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +JER 32 36 y1ua figs-you 0 which you are saying Here “you” is plural. This could mean: (1) this refers to Jeremiah and those with him, or (2) it refers to all the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) JER 32 36 ag2w figs-metonymy 0 It is given into the hand of the king of Babylon Here “hand” means power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given it to the king of Babylon” or “Yahweh has given the king of Babylon the power to rule it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JER 32 37 j7yh 0 to gather them “to gather my people” JER 32 37 d9i7 figs-doublet 0 wrath, fury, and great anger All three words mean the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. Alternate translation: “extreme anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) @@ -2264,7 +2264,7 @@ JER 33 1 wa3r figs-123person 0 came to Jeremiah It is not clear why Jeremiah is JER 33 1 k2z4 0 he was still shut within “he was still a prisoner in” JER 33 1 fe41 0 the courtyard of the guard This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md). JER 33 2 hz5q 0 who forms in order to establish who creates things so he can make them exist forever -JER 33 4 g9p1 figs-activepassive 0 that are torn down because of the siege ramps and the sword This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) the people tore the houses down to make walls to defend against the Chaldeans. Alternate translation: “that the people have torn down to defend against the siege ramps and the sword” or (2) Alternate translation: “the houses that the Chaldeans have torn down to make siege ramps so they can make war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +JER 33 4 g9p1 figs-activepassive 0 that are torn down because of the siege ramps and the sword This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) the people tore the houses down to make walls to defend against the Chaldeans. Alternate translation: “that the people have torn down to defend against the siege ramps and the sword” or (2) Alternate translation: “the houses that the Chaldeans have torn down to make siege ramps so they can make war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JER 33 4 u2ec figs-metonymy 0 the sword This is a metonym for people dying violently when soldiers kill with swords. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 33 5 lp8r figs-doublet 0 in my wrath and fury The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: “in my extreme wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JER 33 5 czm7 figs-synecdoche 0 I hide my face Yahweh is represented by his “face.” This phrase shows Yahweh’s displeasure with the city. Alternate translation: “I have turned away from you” or “I am no longer concerned with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) @@ -2679,7 +2679,7 @@ JER 41 2 yly4 translate-names 0 Gedaliah son of Ahikam son of Shaphan See how y JER 41 2 mt62 figs-metonymy 0 in charge of the land Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “in charge of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 41 3 s68d figs-synecdoche 0 Then Ishmael killed Here “Ishmael” represents himself and the ten men with him. Alternate translation: “Then Ishmael and the ten men with him killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JER 41 3 pzn9 figs-activepassive 0 the Chaldean fighting men found there This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “also the Chaldean soldiers there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -JER 41 4 xv5y translate-ordinal 0 the second day after The word “second” is the ordinal form of the number 2. Possible meanings are (1) “the day after” or (2) “two days after” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) +JER 41 4 xv5y translate-ordinal 0 the second day after The word “second” is the ordinal form of the number 2. This could mean: (1) “the day after” or (2) “two days after” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) JER 41 5 te6l translate-numbers 0 eighty men “80 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) JER 41 5 c3sk figs-metonymy 0 in their hands Having things in the hands here is probably a metaphor for carrying those things or having them in their possession. Alternate translation: “in their possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 41 5 v4qg 0 to go to Yahweh’s house “to go worship Yahweh at his temple” @@ -2757,7 +2757,7 @@ JER 42 22 ah9a figs-metonymy 0 you will die by sword Here “sword” represent JER 42 22 b8em figs-explicit 0 in the place where you desired to go to live They desired to live in Egypt. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “in Egypt, where you thought you would be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JER 43 intro b33q 0 # Jeremiah 43 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### They did not believe Jeremiah<br>After Jeremiah prophesied the destruction of Judah, the people did not believe him. Judah was conquered and destroyed. Even after this, the people did not believe they would be safe in Babylon as Jeremiah prophesied. This is shocking. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br><br>### Babylon invades Egypt<br>Babylon is described as invading part of Egypt. This would have been unthinkable for the people. It would have gotten their attention.<br><br>## Other possible translation issues in this chapter<br><br>### Symbolic actions<br>Jeremiah’s burial of the stones was intended to be a symbolic action for the people. This was supposed to teach the people a lesson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JER 43 1 ufu5 0 It happened that This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -JER 43 2 wg2c translate-names 0 Azariah Possible meanings are (1) this is another name for Jezaniah in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md) or (2) this is a different son of Hoshaiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +JER 43 2 wg2c translate-names 0 Azariah This could mean: (1) this is another name for Jezaniah in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md) or (2) this is a different son of Hoshaiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JER 43 2 a3qd translate-names 0 Hoshaiah See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JER 43 2 u1n1 translate-names 0 Johanan…Kareah See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:13](../40/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JER 43 3 h7cf 0 inciting to cause someone to act in a harmful or violent way @@ -2921,7 +2921,7 @@ JER 46 15 a8tg 0 Why are your mighty ones face-down on the ground? They will n JER 46 15 i1pz figs-rquestion 0 Why are your mighty ones face-down on the ground? They will not stand Yahweh uses a question to mock the strength of the Egyptian soldiers. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your soldiers are face-down on the ground and will not stand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JER 46 16 a5tm 0 He increases the numbers of those who stumble “Yahweh causes more and more of your soldiers to stumble” JER 46 16 c7x1 figs-metonymy 0 Let us leave this sword that is beating us down Here “sword” represents the enemy soldiers who are carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Let us run away from our enemies because they are killing us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -JER 46 17 bd2w 0 They proclaimed there Possible meanings are (1) “they” refers to people in general who are in Egypt or (2) “they” refers to the foreign soldiers who are fleeing to their native lands of Cush, Put, and Lud. +JER 46 17 bd2w 0 They proclaimed there This could mean: (1) “they” refers to people in general who are in Egypt or (2) “they” refers to the foreign soldiers who are fleeing to their native lands of Cush, Put, and Lud. JER 46 17 kv5n figs-idiom 0 Pharaoh the king of Egypt is only a noise, one who has let his opportunity slip away These two phrases are saying that the nation of Egypt has become of little importance. The phrase “only a noise” is an idiom that means a person says he will do something but he does not do it. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh brags much but cannot do what he brags he will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JER 46 18 a2ci figs-123person 0 declares the King Here “King” refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “this is what I, the King, declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) JER 46 18 gmj6 figs-simile 0 someone will come like Mount Tabor and Mount Carmel by the sea This refers to the nation of Babylon who will be as overwhelming to the nation of Egypt as the these two mountains are to the plains that surround them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) @@ -2963,7 +2963,7 @@ JER 47 4 f7br figs-metaphor 0 to cut off from Tyre and Sidon every survivor who JER 47 4 g199 translate-names 0 Caphtor This is the name of an island of the northern region of the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JER 47 5 u8ep figs-abstractnouns 0 Baldness will come upon Gaza The abstract noun “baldness” can be stated as “bald.” “Gaza” represents the people. Alternate translation: “The people of Gaza will shave their heads bald” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 47 5 yv2n translate-symaction 0 Baldness The shaving of the entire head or portions of the head is a sign of great sorrow practiced by idol worshipers in nations such as Philistia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -JER 47 5 dw3l figs-euphemism 0 the people…will be made silent Possible meanings are (1) the people will be silent because they are mourning or (2) this is a euphemism that means the enemy soldiers will kill them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +JER 47 5 dw3l figs-euphemism 0 the people…will be made silent This could mean: (1) the people will be silent because they are mourning or (2) this is a euphemism that means the enemy soldiers will kill them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) JER 47 5 m4h3 figs-rquestion 0 How long will you cut yourself in mourning? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people of Ashkelon will never stop mourning. Yahweh speaks to the people as if he were speaking to one woman, who is a metaphor for the city itself. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will forever cut yourselves in mourning.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) JER 47 5 f7f4 translate-symaction 0 cut yourself in mourning The cutting of one’s skin was another practice done by the idol worshipers when they mourn the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) JER 47 6 eck8 figs-personification 0 sword of Yahweh! How long will it be until you become silent? Go back to your scabbard! Stop and be silent. The Philistines speak to the sword of Yahweh as if it were a person who could hear them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you who are holding your sword! When will you stop striking us with your sword? Stop your sword and put it back in its scabbard!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) @@ -2990,7 +2990,7 @@ JER 48 3 bp4x 0 General Information: Jeremiah continues to tell of the destruc JER 48 3 f5ti translate-names 0 Horonaim This is the name of a town in the south of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JER 48 3 ue2v figs-doublet 0 ruin and great destruction These two terms mean the same thing. Together they emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JER 48 4 u8km figs-activepassive 0 Moab has been destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy army has destroyed Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -JER 48 4 h6mu figs-metonymy 0 Her children Possible meanings are (1) the children who lived in Moab or (2) “children” is a metonym that represents the people of Moab in general. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +JER 48 4 h6mu figs-metonymy 0 Her children This could mean: (1) the children who lived in Moab or (2) “children” is a metonym that represents the people of Moab in general. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 48 5 uj9q translate-names 0 Luhith This is the name of a place in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JER 48 5 cpt9 figs-abstractnouns 0 because of the destruction The abstract noun “destruction” can be stated as “destroyed.” Alternate translation: “because their town is destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JER 48 6 lhh3 0 Save your lives The word “your” refers to the people of Moab. @@ -3014,7 +3014,7 @@ JER 48 12 nky7 figs-personification 0 send him…tip him over…his pots…his JER 48 13 le7f figs-metonymy 0 Then Moab Here “Moab” represents the people. Alternate translation: “Then the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 48 13 biu2 translate-names 0 Chemosh Chemosh is the chief god of the Moabites. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:7](../48/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JER 48 13 qrf9 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -JER 48 13 fr2l 0 Bethel Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the city of Bethel where the Israelites worshiped a golden calf or (2) Bethel is the name of a false god the Israelites worshiped. +JER 48 13 fr2l 0 Bethel This could mean: (1) this refers to the city of Bethel where the Israelites worshiped a golden calf or (2) Bethel is the name of a false god the Israelites worshiped. JER 48 14 r8r7 figs-rquestion 0 How can you say, ‘We are soldiers, powerful fighting men’? Here Yahweh is speaking to the soldiers of Moab. Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the soldiers. Alternate translation: “No longer can you say, ‘We are soldiers, powerful fighting men.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JER 48 15 z5yr figs-activepassive 0 Moab will be devastated and its cities attacked This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will devastate Moab and attack its cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JER 48 15 b73e figs-metaphor 0 its finest young men have gone down to the place of slaughter The best men of Moab going to battle and being killed is spoken of as if they were animals taken to a place to be slaughtered. Alternate translation: “their fine young men will all be slaughtered” or “the enemy army will kill all of the finest men of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -3053,7 +3053,7 @@ JER 48 30 sx8k figs-rpronouns 0 I myself know his defiant speech The word “my JER 48 30 wf2k figs-metonymy 0 his defiant speech…like his deeds Here “his” refers to Moab which represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “their defiant speech…like their deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 48 30 s8fk figs-abstractnouns 0 his defiant speech The abstract noun “speech” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “that he has spoken pridefully” or “that he has spoken arrogant words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JER 48 31 jtn1 figs-parallelism 0 I will howl a lament for Moab, and I will shout in sorrow for all of Moab Both of these statements mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “I will cry loudly for the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -JER 48 31 cdx5 0 I will howl Possible meanings are (1) “I” refers to Jeremiah or (2) “I” refers to Yahweh. +JER 48 31 cdx5 0 I will howl This could mean: (1) “I” refers to Jeremiah or (2) “I” refers to Yahweh. JER 48 31 x2jk 0 howl a sad and loud cry that a person makes when he is in pain or deep sorrow JER 48 31 be4l translate-names 0 Kir Hareseth This is the name of the old capital city of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JER 48 32 xbx7 translate-names 0 Jazer…Sibmah These are the names of two towns in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -3069,7 +3069,7 @@ JER 48 34 zq8f translate-names 0 Elealeh…Jahaz…Zoar…Horonaim…Eglath She JER 48 34 puy7 translate-names 0 Nimrim This is the name of a stream or river near the Dead Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JER 48 35 ler4 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) JER 48 36 jaw6 figs-synecdoche 0 my heart is lamenting for Moab like a flute Here “heart” represents the whole person. The person’s sad crying is compared to the sad music played on a flute at a funeral. Alternate translation: “I cry sadly for Moab. My cries are like the sad music a person plays on a flute at a funeral” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -JER 48 36 qwv8 0 my heart Possible meanings are (1) “my” refers to Jeremiah or (2) “my” refers to Yahweh. +JER 48 36 qwv8 0 my heart This could mean: (1) “my” refers to Jeremiah or (2) “my” refers to Yahweh. JER 48 36 b311 translate-names 0 Kir Hareseth Kir Hareseth was an ancient capital of Moab. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:31](../48/31.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JER 48 37 mzh2 translate-symaction 0 For every head is bald and every beard shaved. Incisions are on every hand, and sackcloth is around their waists These are all things that the people of Moab did when they were mourning or expressing deep sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) JER 48 37 t4g3 0 Incisions cuts made on the skin @@ -3119,7 +3119,7 @@ JER 49 2 p4ct figs-metonymy 0 For Israel will possess those who possessed him H JER 49 3 ve5q 0 Howl in lament “Cry loudly and weep” JER 49 3 ywk1 translate-names 0 Heshbon Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/02.md). Here “Heshbon” represents the people. Alternate translation: “people of Heshbon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 49 3 kfc8 figs-activepassive 0 for Ai will be devastated This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for your enemies will devastate Ai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -JER 49 3 bf53 figs-metaphor 0 daughters of Rabbah Possible meanings are (1) “daughters” represent the women who live in Rabbah. Alternate translation: “women of Rabbah” or (2) all the people in general are spoken of as if they are the daughters of Rabbah. Alternate translation: “people of Rabbah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JER 49 3 bf53 figs-metaphor 0 daughters of Rabbah This could mean: (1) “daughters” represent the women who live in Rabbah. Alternate translation: “women of Rabbah” or (2) all the people in general are spoken of as if they are the daughters of Rabbah. Alternate translation: “people of Rabbah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 49 3 z6g9 0 for Molech is going into captivity “for your enemies will take your god Molech captive.” This means the enemies will take the idol that represents Molech back to their land. JER 49 4 p3m1 figs-rquestion 0 Why do you brag about your valleys…daughter? Yahweh uses a question to scold the people for bragging about the large amount of fruit that grows in their valleys. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not be proud of your valleys…daughter.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JER 49 4 ve6p 0 Why do you brag about your valleys, your valleys that are so fruitful Some versions of the Bible read, “Why do you brag about your strength, your strength which is ebbing away” @@ -3213,7 +3213,7 @@ JER 49 28 l7n2 writing-background 0 now Nebuchadnezzar Here “now” introduce JER 49 28 yq1x figs-metonymy 0 Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon was going to attack Here “Nebuchadnezzar” represents his army. Alternate translation: “the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon was going to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 49 29 mmd9 figs-activepassive 0 Their tents and their flocks will be taken, along with their tent curtains and all of their equipment This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your soldiers will take their flocks, tent curtains, and all of their equipment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JER 49 29 mdi2 figs-activepassive 0 their camels will be led away from them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your soldiers will take their camels from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -JER 49 29 hri3 0 men will shout to them, “Terror is on every side!” Possible meanings are (1) these are men being attacked by the enemy. Alternate translation: “men will shout, ‘We are terrified because terrible things are happening all around us!’” or (2) these are soldiers in the invading army. Alternate translation: “soldiers will shout at them, ‘Be afraid because we are all around you!’” +JER 49 29 hri3 0 men will shout to them, “Terror is on every side!” This could mean: (1) these are men being attacked by the enemy. Alternate translation: “men will shout, ‘We are terrified because terrible things are happening all around us!’” or (2) these are soldiers in the invading army. Alternate translation: “soldiers will shout at them, ‘Be afraid because we are all around you!’” JER 49 30 p7ww 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor. JER 49 30 a8sg 0 Flee! Wander…Turn back! Here Yahweh is speaking to the people of Kedar. JER 49 30 dpv9 0 inhabitants of Hazor “people who live in Hazor” @@ -3272,11 +3272,11 @@ JER 50 7 u3dr 0 they sinned The word “they” refers to the people of Israel JER 50 7 id3n figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh, the hope of their ancestors Yahweh is spoken of as the source of their trust. The abstract noun “hope” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “the one whom their ancestors confidently expected to help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JER 50 8 en1b 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking to his people in captivity in Babylon. JER 50 8 ey2s 0 Leave from the midst of Babylon This command is addressed to the people of Israel who were in exile in Babylon. -JER 50 8 y6hx figs-simile 0 be like male goats that leave Male goats tend to be more independent than the rest of the flock. Possible meanings are (1) they should be the first to leave Babylon or (2) they should lead the rest of the Israelites away from Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +JER 50 8 y6hx figs-simile 0 be like male goats that leave Male goats tend to be more independent than the rest of the flock. This could mean: (1) they should be the first to leave Babylon or (2) they should lead the rest of the Israelites away from Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JER 50 9 dns1 0 For see The word “see” alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because” JER 50 9 db8i 0 set in motion “stir up” JER 50 9 rv59 figs-activepassive 0 Babylon will be captured from there This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “These nations will capture Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -JER 50 9 sd99 0 from there Possible meanings are (1) “from the north” or (2) “from their battle positions.” +JER 50 9 sd99 0 from there This could mean: (1) “from the north” or (2) “from their battle positions.” JER 50 9 nm58 figs-simile 0 Their arrows are like a skilled warrior who does not return empty-handed The effectiveness of the arrows of the attacking nations are spoken of as if they were soldiers that always accomplish their mission. The idiom “empty-handed” means “without success.” Alternate translation: Each of their arrows are like skilled soldiers that always hit their target” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JER 50 10 n671 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) JER 50 10 wnf6 0 Chaldea will become plunder “They will plunder Chaldea” @@ -3289,7 +3289,7 @@ JER 50 11 e4bz figs-simile 0 you neigh like a powerful horse The people of Baby JER 50 12 a827 figs-pronouns 0 bore you The word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) JER 50 12 i83h figs-doublet 0 So your mother will be greatly ashamed; the one who bore you will be embarrassed These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of her embarrassment. The words “mother” and “the one who bore you” refer either to Babylonia or to the city of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 50 12 n6mv 0 the least of nations “the most unimportant nation” -JER 50 12 crm8 figs-doublet 0 a wilderness, a dry land, and a desert These words have basically the same meaning and emphasize the complete barrenness of the land. Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor for an uninhabited place or (2) this refers to Babylon literally becoming a barren wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JER 50 12 crm8 figs-doublet 0 a wilderness, a dry land, and a desert These words have basically the same meaning and emphasize the complete barrenness of the land. This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor for an uninhabited place or (2) this refers to Babylon literally becoming a barren wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 50 13 mm1s figs-abstractnouns 0 a complete devastation The abstract noun “devastation” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JER 50 13 fl2h 0 shudder shake violently due to fear JER 50 13 tj8m 0 hiss make a sound like a snake that means great disapproval @@ -3343,7 +3343,7 @@ JER 50 25 qd2z 0 armory this is a building or room where weapons of war are st JER 50 26 ek5x 0 Attack her from far away Yahweh speaks to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, attack her from far away” JER 50 26 h3rp figs-metaphor 0 Open her granaries Here “granaries” represent where Babylon stored its treasures. Alternate translation: “Raid the places where her treasures are stored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 50 26 p24s 0 granaries buildings where grain is stored -JER 50 26 kge6 figs-simile 0 pile her up like heaps of grain Possible meanings are (1) reduce the city to piles of rubble that look like stacks of grain or (2) stack up the plunder from the city like piles of grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +JER 50 26 kge6 figs-simile 0 pile her up like heaps of grain This could mean: (1) reduce the city to piles of rubble that look like stacks of grain or (2) stack up the plunder from the city like piles of grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JER 50 26 k8z3 figs-idiom 0 Set her apart for destruction This idiom means to destroy something completely. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:9](../25/09.md). Alternate translation: “destroy her completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JER 50 26 uq7q 0 Leave no remnant of her This is stated in a negative way to emphasize the completeness of the destruction. Alternate translation: “Kill every person in her” JER 50 27 n3yb 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling how to destroy the people of Babylon and Chaldea. @@ -3390,7 +3390,7 @@ JER 50 37 j5zb 0 storerooms A storeroom is a place where supplies or valuables JER 50 37 fkg9 figs-activepassive 0 they will be plundered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers will plunder them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JER 50 38 kbz3 0 A drought is coming on her waters “A drought will soon happen that will affect all her waters” JER 50 38 tww1 0 her waters Here “waters” represent all the sources of water for the Babylonians, especially the river that went through the city. -JER 50 39 tq6w 0 desert beasts with the jackals Possible meanings are (1) “wild animals and hyenas” or (2) “wild demons and evil spirits.” +JER 50 39 tq6w 0 desert beasts with the jackals This could mean: (1) “wild animals and hyenas” or (2) “wild demons and evil spirits.” JER 50 39 i9i9 0 jackals A jackal is a wild dog found in Asia and Africa. JER 50 39 qe4b 0 ostriches very large African birds that run fast but cannot fly. Some versions translate this as “owl.” JER 50 39 e1qh 0 will live in her The word “her” refers to Babylon. @@ -3431,7 +3431,7 @@ JER 50 46 y112 0 their shout of distress “their shout of pain” JER 51 intro e537 0 # Jeremiah 51 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 51:1-64.<br><br>The prophesied destruction of Babylon continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Babylon destroyed<br><br>Babylon will be conquered and the Jews will return to their homeland. At this time, Babylon controlled almost the entire Near East. The fulfillment of this prophecy would have been unthinkable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]])<br><br>### Covenant with Abraham<br>Babylon is destroyed because it drove the people of Judah from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham’s descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) JER 51 1 bz33 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JER 51 1 mgs4 0 See This draws attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully” or “Pay attention” -JER 51 1 az5v 0 a wind of destruction Possible meanings are (1) “a wind that destroys” or (2) “the spirit of a destroyer.” This would mean that Yahweh would cause or inspire the enemy army to go and attack Babylon. +JER 51 1 az5v 0 a wind of destruction This could mean: (1) “a wind that destroys” or (2) “the spirit of a destroyer.” This would mean that Yahweh would cause or inspire the enemy army to go and attack Babylon. JER 51 1 br1w translate-names 0 Leb Kamai This is code name for Chaldea, a region of Babylonia. It is not clear why Jeremiah uses this name here, so you may want to translate as “Chaldea” or “Babylonia.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JER 51 2 bdq6 figs-metaphor 0 scatter her and devastate her land…they will come against her The word “her,” a metaphor that refers to Babylon as if it were a woman, is also a metonym for the people who live in Babylon. Alternate translation: “separate the people who live there from each other, send them in different directions, and make their land empty…foreigners will attack the people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 51 2 w4jj figs-idiom 0 on the day of disaster The phrase “day of” is a Hebrew idiom for “when.” Alternate translation: “when I destroy Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -3441,9 +3441,9 @@ JER 51 5 u9ey figs-metonymy 0 Israel and Judah are not forsaken by their God, b JER 51 5 t4nl figs-metaphor 0 their land is filled with offenses committed against the Holy One of Israel The land in which they live is spoken of as if it were a container and their offenses as if they were solid objects that could fill the container. The abstract noun “offenses” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “they have offended the Holy One of Israel everywhere throughout the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JER 51 6 ht2y figs-metaphor 0 in her iniquity Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman. The word “iniquity” is a metonym for God punishing the people for their iniquity. Alternate translation: “when Yahweh punishes Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 51 6 dia4 figs-metaphor 0 will repay all of it to her Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman, and the iniquity of the people is spoken of as if Yahweh needed to pay back a debt. The word “her,” meaning Babylon, is a metonym for the people of Babylon. Alternate translation: “will punish the Babylonians as much as they deserve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -JER 51 7 tj8i figs-metaphor 0 Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of Yahweh that made all the world drunk The word “world” is a metonym for the people living in the nations surrounding Babylon. Possible meanings are (1) Making those people drunk could be a metaphor for Yahweh punishing those nations by allowing Babylon to conquer them. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a strong nation that Yahweh used to punish all the people of the surrounding nations severely” or (2) It could be a metaphor for those nations joining Babylon in worshiping idols and being violent. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a rich and powerful nation, and other nations wanted to become sinful just like it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +JER 51 7 tj8i figs-metaphor 0 Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of Yahweh that made all the world drunk The word “world” is a metonym for the people living in the nations surrounding Babylon. This could mean: (1) Making those people drunk could be a metaphor for Yahweh punishing those nations by allowing Babylon to conquer them. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a strong nation that Yahweh used to punish all the people of the surrounding nations severely” or (2) It could be a metaphor for those nations joining Babylon in worshiping idols and being violent. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a rich and powerful nation, and other nations wanted to become sinful just like it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JER 51 7 bqq8 figs-metaphor 0 Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of Yahweh Babylon being a powerful nation that Yahweh used for his own purposes is spoken of as if Babylon were a golden cup in his hand. Here “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -JER 51 7 ye28 figs-metaphor 0 nations drank her wine and became insane Possible meanings are (1) “Babylon defeated and destroyed other nations” or (2) “nations enjoyed her riches and power and became evil.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JER 51 7 ye28 figs-metaphor 0 nations drank her wine and became insane This could mean: (1) “Babylon defeated and destroyed other nations” or (2) “nations enjoyed her riches and power and became evil.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 51 7 s9ql 0 insane unable to think clearly JER 51 8 zm1s figs-activepassive 0 Babylon will…be destroyed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will destroy Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JER 51 8 rer2 0 Wail to make a long, loud cry that shows that the person is sad @@ -3510,7 +3510,7 @@ JER 51 33 w9he figs-simile 0 is like a threshing floor People thresh grain by t JER 51 33 h2d9 figs-metaphor 0 It is time to trample her down Yahweh punishing the daughter of Babylon is spoken of as if he were trampling and threshing grain on a threshing floor. Alternate translation: “It is time to punish her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 51 33 i4ix figs-metaphor 0 the time of harvest will come to her The harvest is a metaphor for the result of the actions that the people did before. Babylon will experience the result of its people’s sins. Alternate translation: “God will punish her for her sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 51 34 e1t5 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: The speaker speaks as if he were a woman. The woman is a metaphor for the city of Jerusalem, which in turn is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -JER 51 34 re9d 0 he has driven me into confusion Possible meanings are (1) “he has caused me to be unable to think clearly” or (2) “he has crushed me.” +JER 51 34 re9d 0 he has driven me into confusion This could mean: (1) “he has caused me to be unable to think clearly” or (2) “he has crushed me.” JER 51 34 v2wg figs-metaphor 0 has made me an empty pot Babylon has taken everything from Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JER 51 34 v4f3 figs-simile 0 Like a monster Here Babylon is compared to a monster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JER 51 34 k3yc figs-metaphor 0 he has swallowed me Jerusalem compares its destruction to being swallowed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -3601,7 +3601,7 @@ JER 52 6 b8bl 0 city This refers to Jerusalem. JER 52 7 ns94 figs-activepassive 0 the city was broken into This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonians broke through the wall around the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JER 52 7 e7li 0 the two walls the wall of the king’s garden and the wall of the city JER 52 8 w5xq 0 plains flat land -JER 52 8 z99u figs-activepassive 0 All his army was scattered This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “the Chaldeans scattered his entire army” or (2) “all of his soldiers ran away in different directions.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +JER 52 8 z99u figs-activepassive 0 All his army was scattered This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) “the Chaldeans scattered his entire army” or (2) “all of his soldiers ran away in different directions.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JER 52 9 e3yw translate-names 0 at Riblah in the land of Hamath Riblah was a town in the territory of Hamath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JER 52 9 y478 0 passed sentence on him “decided how to punish him” JER 52 10 rf5w figs-synecdoche 0 slaughtered Zedekiah’s sons before his own eyes The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah’s sons. Alternate translation: “forced Zedekiah to watch as the king of Babylon slaughtered Zedekiah’s sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) diff --git a/en_tn_25-LAM.tsv b/en_tn_25-LAM.tsv index 2234b166e7..616f03932c 100644 --- a/en_tn_25-LAM.tsv +++ b/en_tn_25-LAM.tsv @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ LAM 1 20 le5p figs-personification 0 Look, Yahweh, for I am in distress Jerusal LAM 1 20 csk1 figs-metaphor 0 my stomach churns The word “churn” means to move around violently, normally in a circular rotation. This does not mean the stomach is literally churning, but describes how the woman, representing Jerusalem, feels. Alternate translation: “my insides ache” or “my stomach hurts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 1 20 wyf3 figs-synecdoche 0 my heart is disturbed within me Here the woman, representing Jerusalem, refers to her “heart” to emphasize her feelings. Alternate translation: “my heart is broken” or “I am extremely sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LAM 1 20 xmz9 figs-metonymy 0 the sword bereaves a mother The “sword” represents the enemy. Alternate translation: “the enemy kills a mother’s children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -LAM 1 20 vx25 figs-explicit 0 inside the house there is only death Possible meanings are (1) “inside the house, everyone is dying” or (2) “and inside the house the dead people are kept” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +LAM 1 20 vx25 figs-explicit 0 inside the house there is only death This could mean: (1) “inside the house, everyone is dying” or (2) “and inside the house the dead people are kept” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LAM 1 21 qm9m figs-personification 0 General Information: In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) LAM 1 21 n3na figs-personification 0 They have heard my groaning “People have heard my groaning.” Jerusalem continues to speak as if she were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) LAM 1 21 r2sj 0 you have done it Here the word “you” refers to Yahweh. @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ LAM 1 22 j42r figs-explicit 0 deal with them as you have dealt with me This is LAM 1 22 e4g5 figs-synecdoche 0 my heart is faint Here the “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I am faint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LAM 2 intro w57v 0 # Lamentations 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>God has become Judah’s enemy. He is determined to destroy them. LAM 2 1 r7dk writing-poetry 0 General Information: A new poem begins. The writer of Lamentations uses many different ways to express that the people of Israel have lost God’s favor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -LAM 2 1 gee6 figs-metaphor 0 The Lord has covered the daughter of Zion under the cloud of his anger This speaks of the Lord’s anger against Jerusalem (Zion) as if it were a dark cloud. Possible meanings are (1) God is threatening to harm the people of Jerusalem or (2) God has already harmed the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LAM 2 1 gee6 figs-metaphor 0 The Lord has covered the daughter of Zion under the cloud of his anger This speaks of the Lord’s anger against Jerusalem (Zion) as if it were a dark cloud. This could mean: (1) God is threatening to harm the people of Jerusalem or (2) God has already harmed the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 2 1 ddb5 figs-personification 0 the daughter of Zion This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. Translate as you did in [Lamentations 1:6](../01/06.md).(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) LAM 2 1 qu7x figs-metaphor 0 He has thrown the splendor of Israel down from heaven to earth The phrase “the splendor of Israel” refers to Jerusalem. This passage speaks of the people of Jerusalem losing favor with the Lord as if he threw them out of his presence. The phrase “from heaven to earth” is a great distance used to represent how much they lost favor with the Lord. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem, the splendor of Israel, has lost all favor with the Lord” or “Jerusalem has lost all favor with the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LAM 2 1 xfe7 figs-metaphor 0 He has not remembered his footstool This is a reference to the Lord having considered Jerusalem his “footstool” in the past, which symbolized that he had authority over them and that they were submissive to him. This speaks of the Lord disregarding Jerusalem as his footstool as if he did not remember them. Alternate translation: “He disregarded Jerusalem as his footstool” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ LAM 2 2 a52b figs-personification 0 the daughter of Judah This is a poetic name LAM 2 2 a6zu figs-idiom 0 the days of his anger Here “day” is used as an idiom that refers to a general period of time. Alternate translation: “the time of his anger” or “the time of his anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LAM 2 2 gz9b figs-metaphor 0 swallowed up This speaks of the Lord completely destroying the towns as if he were an animal who ate them. Alternate translation: “completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 2 2 v8mh figs-metonymy 0 all the towns of Jacob Here “the towns of Jacob” refers to the towns where his descendants lived. Alternate translation: “all the towns of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -LAM 2 2 rv9k 0 the fortified cities of the daughter of Judah Possible meanings are (1) the fortified cities throughout Judah or (2) the fortified walls of Jerusalem. +LAM 2 2 rv9k 0 the fortified cities of the daughter of Judah This could mean: (1) the fortified cities throughout Judah or (2) the fortified walls of Jerusalem. LAM 2 3 mg13 0 General Information: The author continues the use of metaphors to express how the Lord opposed Judah. LAM 2 3 ga1g figs-metaphor 0 he has cut off every horn of Israel This speaks of the Lord taking away Israel’s strength as if he were cutting off its horns. The word “horn” refers to an animal horn, not a musical instrument. Alternate translation: “he has taken away all of Israel’s strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 2 3 liy3 figs-metonymy 0 withdrawn his right hand from before the enemy Here the Lord’s protection is represented by his “right hand.” Alternate translation: “stopped protecting us from our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -213,9 +213,9 @@ LAM 3 1 w5zk figs-metonymy 0 under the rod of Yahweh’s fury Being “under th LAM 3 2 w3mw 0 He drove me away “He forced me to go away” LAM 3 2 zm2h figs-metaphor 0 caused me to walk in darkness rather than light Here “darkness” represents suffering. Alternate translation: “caused me to suffer terribly with no hope, like a person walking in darkness rather than light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 3 3 s83d figs-metonymy 0 he turned his hand against me Here “turned his hand against me” represents attacking him. The author speaks of God causing bad things to happen to him as if God had attacked him. Alternate translation: “he has attacked me” or “he has caused many bad things to happen to me, like someone who attacks a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -LAM 3 4 s5zt 0 He made my flesh and my skin waste away; he broke my bones Possible meanings are (1) these things are a result of being beaten or (2) these are more ways that God punished the man. +LAM 3 4 s5zt 0 He made my flesh and my skin waste away; he broke my bones This could mean: (1) these things are a result of being beaten or (2) these are more ways that God punished the man. LAM 3 5 qy5b 0 He built up siege works against me Siege works are ramps that an army builds around a city to enable them to climb over the city walls and invade the city. -LAM 3 5 jj4e figs-metaphor 0 He built up siege works against me Possible meanings are (1) the author speaks of God causing bad things to happen to him as if he were a city and God was an enemy that built up siege works against him. Alternate translation: “God attacked me like an enemy army that sets up siege works around a city” or (2) the author speaks of God causing the enemy army to attack Jerusalem as if God were the enemy. Alternate translation: “God caused the enemy army to build up siege works against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LAM 3 5 jj4e figs-metaphor 0 He built up siege works against me This could mean: (1) the author speaks of God causing bad things to happen to him as if he were a city and God was an enemy that built up siege works against him. Alternate translation: “God attacked me like an enemy army that sets up siege works around a city” or (2) the author speaks of God causing the enemy army to attack Jerusalem as if God were the enemy. Alternate translation: “God caused the enemy army to build up siege works against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 3 5 gq5z figs-metaphor 0 surrounded me with bitterness and hardship This represents God causing him to experience much bitterness and hardship. Alternate translation: “caused me to experience much bitterness and hardship” or “caused me to suffer and have many problems” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 3 5 cn5t figs-metaphor 0 bitterness Here “bitterness” represents suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 3 6 vnk1 figs-metaphor 0 He made me live in dark places, like those who died long ago Here “dark places” is a metaphor for suffering. The author compares the intensity of his suffering to the intensity of the darkness that those who died long ago experience. Alternate translation: “The suffering that he causes me is intense like the darkness of the grave” or “He makes me suffer terribly, as if I were in the darkness of those who died long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) @@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ LAM 3 9 h2bx figs-metaphor 0 He blocked my path The author speaks of God causin LAM 3 9 b31l 0 a wall of hewn stone “a wall of cut stones.” People would cut stones into regular shapes that could fit together well in order to build a strong wall. LAM 3 9 ire6 figs-metaphor 0 he made my paths crooked Crooked paths do not lead people to where they want to go. Here they represent unsuccessful ways of escaping suffering. Alternate translation: “it is as though he has made my paths crooked” or “I have tried to make the suffering stop, but God has prevented me, like one who prevents another from escaping by making his paths crooked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 3 10 v9qh figs-simile 0 He is like a bear waiting to ambush me, a lion in hiding The author speaks of God being ready to cause him to suffer more, as if God were a wild animal waiting to attack him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -LAM 3 11 m6yw 0 he turned aside my paths Possible meanings are (1) “he dragged me off the path” or (2) “he caused my path to turn in the wrong direction” +LAM 3 11 m6yw 0 he turned aside my paths This could mean: (1) “he dragged me off the path” or (2) “he caused my path to turn in the wrong direction” LAM 3 11 whn1 0 he has made me desolate “he has made me hopeless” or “he has not allowed me to have any help” LAM 3 12 pxe7 0 General Information: God is often spoken of as if he were a warrior. LAM 3 12 eb1t 0 He bent his bow A soldier has to bend his bow in order to shoot an arrow from it. The author speaks of God deciding to cause him trouble as if God were a warrior ready to shoot him with an arrow. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “It was as if God made his bow ready to shoot” @@ -236,10 +236,10 @@ LAM 3 14 et38 figs-hyperbole 0 a laughingstock to all my people The word “all LAM 3 14 gq72 0 laughingstock someone whom many people mock LAM 3 15 za84 figs-metaphor 0 He filled me with bitterness Here “bitterness” represents suffering. It is referred to as if it were something that could fill the speaker. Alternate translation: “He has caused me to suffer very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 3 15 ncz3 figs-metaphor 0 forced me to drink wormwood Wormwood is the bitter juice from the leaves and flowers of a certain plant. Drinking that bitter juice represents suffering. Alternate translation: “it is as though he forced me to drink something very bitter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -LAM 3 16 b5hh figs-metaphor 0 He has made my teeth grind with gravel Possible meanings are (1) the author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had forced him to chew gravel. Alternate translation: “He has humiliated me, like someone who forces another to chew gravel” or (2) the author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had pushed his face down into the gravel on the ground. Alternate translation: “He has humiliated me, like someone who pushes another man’s face down into the gravel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LAM 3 16 b5hh figs-metaphor 0 He has made my teeth grind with gravel This could mean: (1) the author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had forced him to chew gravel. Alternate translation: “He has humiliated me, like someone who forces another to chew gravel” or (2) the author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had pushed his face down into the gravel on the ground. Alternate translation: “He has humiliated me, like someone who pushes another man’s face down into the gravel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 3 16 l411 figs-metaphor 0 he made me cower in the ashes The author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had pushed him down into the ashes of a fire on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 3 16 tp2g 0 cower make oneself as small as possible because of fear of something one cannot fight against -LAM 3 17 ewh7 0 My soul is deprived of peace Possible meanings are (1) the author’s experiences are not peaceful. Alternate translation: “I have no peace in my life” or (2) the author does not feel peace. Alternate translation: “I feel no peace in my soul” +LAM 3 17 ewh7 0 My soul is deprived of peace This could mean: (1) the author’s experiences are not peaceful. Alternate translation: “I have no peace in my life” or (2) the author does not feel peace. Alternate translation: “I feel no peace in my soul” LAM 3 18 ygy3 figs-personification 0 My endurance has perished and so has my hope in Yahweh The author speaks as if his ability to endure more suffering and his hope that Yahweh will help him were living beings that have died. Alternate translation: “I cannot endure anymore suffering and I can no longer hope that Yahweh will help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) LAM 3 18 b3vb 0 endurance Some versions translate this as “glory” or “splendor.” LAM 3 19 zfr6 0 General Information: In verses 19 to 42, the writer thinks about the lessons that he and his fellow citizens should learn about God and his anger and mercy. @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ LAM 3 23 z4xg figs-metaphor 0 they are new every morning The word “they” re LAM 3 23 dp91 0 your faithfulness The word “your” refers to Yahweh. LAM 3 24 v6sh figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh is my inheritance When God gave each tribe of Israel their land, he called it an inheritance. The author speaks of Yahweh being all he needs as if Yahweh were the inheritance that he had received. Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is with me, I have everything I need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 3 25 e8de 0 Yahweh is good to those who wait for him Here “good” refers to kindness. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is kind to those who wait for him” or “Yahweh does good things for those who wait for him” -LAM 3 25 ju1d 0 those who wait for him Possible meanings are (1) “all those who depend on him” or (2) “the one who waits patiently for him to act.” +LAM 3 25 ju1d 0 those who wait for him This could mean: (1) “all those who depend on him” or (2) “the one who waits patiently for him to act.” LAM 3 25 a3kw figs-metaphor 0 the one who seeks him Possible meanings for “seeks him” are (1) asking God for help or (2) wanting to know God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 3 27 xea4 figs-metaphor 0 that he bear the yoke in his youth Here “bear the yoke” represents suffering. The abstract noun “his youth” can be expressed with the word “young.” Alternate translation: “that he suffer while he is young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LAM 3 28 deh5 0 Let him sit alone in silence The phrase “in silence” refers to not speaking. Here it may refer specifically to not complaining. Alternate translation: “Let him sit alone without speaking” or “Let him sit alone and not complain” @@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ LAM 3 38 hy3k figs-metonymy 0 Is it not from the mouth of the Most High that bo LAM 3 38 fk6t figs-metonymy 0 from the mouth of the Most High Here “mouth” represents what God says or commands. Alternate translation: “from the command of the Most High” or “because the Most High has commanded it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LAM 3 38 wsx5 figs-metaphor 0 both calamities and the good come Here “come” represents happening. Also, the nominal adjective “the good” can be stated as “good things.” Alternate translation: “both calamities and good things happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) LAM 3 39 ttp2 figs-rquestion 0 How can any person alive complain? How can a person complain about the punishment for his sins? The author uses these rhetorical questions to teach that people should not complain when God punishes them. Alternate translation: “A person should not complain when God punishes him for his sins.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -LAM 3 39 t4dw figs-explicit 0 How can any person alive complain Possible meanings are (1) it is implied that mere people cannot fully understand God’s actions. Alternate translation: “How can a mere person complain” or (2) it is implied that being alive is a gift from God. Alternate translation: “How can a person who is blessed to be alive complain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +LAM 3 39 t4dw figs-explicit 0 How can any person alive complain This could mean: (1) it is implied that mere people cannot fully understand God’s actions. Alternate translation: “How can a mere person complain” or (2) it is implied that being alive is a gift from God. Alternate translation: “How can a person who is blessed to be alive complain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LAM 3 40 ap27 0 General Information: The writer speaks again about the suffering that God has caused to Jerusalem, but here he speaks of “we” and “us,” not “I” and “me.” In verse 42 the author starts a prayer that he and the people of Israel should pray. LAM 3 40 yx5k figs-metaphor 0 let us return to Yahweh Here “return to Yahweh” represents submitting to him again. Alternate translation: “let us submit to Yahweh again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 3 41 xq7n figs-metaphor 0 Let us lift up our hearts and our hands Here “lift up our hearts” represents praying sincerely. It was customary for the Israelites to raise their hands when praying to God. Alternate translation: “Let us pray sincerely with lifted hands” or “Let us lift up our hands and pray sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ LAM 3 43 e5cg 0 you have killed “you have killed many of us” LAM 3 43 is87 figs-metaphor 0 you have not spared Here “spared” represents having pity. Alternate translation: “you have not had pity on us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 3 44 c25d 0 Connecting Statement: The prayer that began in [Lamentations 3:42](../03/42.md) continues. LAM 3 44 d6dp figs-metaphor 0 You have covered yourself with a cloud so that no prayer can pass through This represents God refusing to listen to the people’s prayer. Alternate translation: “You refuse to listen to our prayers. It is as though you put a cloud between us and you so that our prayers cannot get to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -LAM 3 45 nmh8 figs-simile 0 You have made us like filthy scum and refuse among the nations The people of Israel are compared to filthy scum and refuse. Possible meanings are (1) God has caused the nations to think of his people as worthless. Alternate translation: “You have made the nations think of us as scum and garbage” or (2) God’s forcing his people to live among the nations is like throwing them away as garbage. Alternate translation: “You have thrown us away like filthy garbage among the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +LAM 3 45 nmh8 figs-simile 0 You have made us like filthy scum and refuse among the nations The people of Israel are compared to filthy scum and refuse. This could mean: (1) God has caused the nations to think of his people as worthless. Alternate translation: “You have made the nations think of us as scum and garbage” or (2) God’s forcing his people to live among the nations is like throwing them away as garbage. Alternate translation: “You have thrown us away like filthy garbage among the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) LAM 3 47 jdl3 figs-abstractnouns 0 panic and pitfall have come upon us, ruin and destruction The abstract nouns “panic,” “pitfall,” “ruin” and “destruction” can be expressed with verbs. Alternate translation: “we are panicking. We are trapped, and we are being ruined and destroyed” or “we are terrified and trapped. We are being completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LAM 3 47 bm4w 0 pitfall This refers to falling into a pit. Here it represents being trapped in any way. LAM 3 47 i597 0 have come upon us “have happened to us” @@ -301,14 +301,14 @@ LAM 3 49 ru79 figs-doublet 0 without ceasing, without relief Both of these phra LAM 3 50 p99u figs-explicit 0 until Yahweh from heaven looks down and sees What the author hopes Yahweh will see can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “until Yahweh looks down from heaven and sees what has happened to my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LAM 3 51 i8zw figs-metonymy 0 My eyes cause me grief The phrase “My eyes” represents what he sees. Alternate translation: “What I see causes me to grieve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LAM 3 51 bz52 figs-explicit 0 because of all the daughters of my city It can be stated clearly that the “daughters of my city” are suffering. Alternate translation: “because the daughters of my city are suffering” or “because I see the daughters of my city suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -LAM 3 51 qr28 figs-idiom 0 all the daughters of my city Possible meanings are (1) the women of Jerusalem or (2) all the inhabitants of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +LAM 3 51 qr28 figs-idiom 0 all the daughters of my city This could mean: (1) the women of Jerusalem or (2) all the inhabitants of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LAM 3 52 n4m1 figs-metaphor 0 I have been hunted like a bird by those who were my enemies The author speaks of people looking for him in order to kill him as if he were an animal that they were hunting. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My enemies have looked for me in order to kill me like people who hunt for a bird” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 3 53 fen2 0 They cast me into a pit “They threw me into a pit” or “They dropped me into a well” -LAM 3 53 t9e4 0 threw a stone on me Possible meanings are (1) “threw stones down on me” or (2) “covered the pit with a stone” +LAM 3 53 t9e4 0 threw a stone on me This could mean: (1) “threw stones down on me” or (2) “covered the pit with a stone” LAM 3 54 ztv4 0 they caused waters to overflow, covering my head “the level of the water in the pit rose up over my head” LAM 3 54 hda5 figs-metaphor 0 I have been cut off Being “cut off” often represents being killed. Here it represents dying very soon. Alternate translation: “I am about to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 3 55 dit3 figs-metonymy 0 I called on your name God’s name represents his character, and here, “called on your name” represents trusting God’s character and calling on him for help. Alternate translation: “I called to you for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -LAM 3 55 r7m3 0 from the depths of the pit Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the pit that author had been thrown into. Alternate translation: “from the bottom of the pit” or (2) the author was afraid that he would die soon, so he spoke as if he were in the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “from the pit of the dead” +LAM 3 55 r7m3 0 from the depths of the pit This could mean: (1) this refers to the pit that author had been thrown into. Alternate translation: “from the bottom of the pit” or (2) the author was afraid that he would die soon, so he spoke as if he were in the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “from the pit of the dead” LAM 3 56 s26c figs-metonymy 0 You heard my voice Here “voice” represents what he said. Alternate translation: “You heard my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LAM 3 56 ur2e figs-metonymy 0 Do not close your ear Here “close your ear” represents refusing to listen. Alternate translation: “Do not refuse to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LAM 3 57 egc5 figs-metonymy 0 You came near People often come near to a person they help. Here “came near” represents helping the man. Alternate translation: “you helped me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ LAM 4 1 su7t figs-metaphor 0 The gold has become tarnished; how the purest gold LAM 4 1 v4ij figs-exclamations 0 how the purest gold has changed This is an exclamation that shows the author’s sadness that this has happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) LAM 4 1 d474 figs-metaphor 0 The holy stones are scattered at the corner of every street This may refer to the temple being destroyed and its stones scattered throughout the city. It may also be a metaphor for the people being scattered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 4 1 ild2 0 at the corner of every street “wherever the streets come together” or “by all the roads” -LAM 4 2 va3j figs-metaphor 0 sons of Zion Here people of a city are spoken of as if they were the sons of the city. Possible meanings are (1) this refers to only the young men of Jerusalem or (2) this refers to all the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LAM 4 2 va3j figs-metaphor 0 sons of Zion Here people of a city are spoken of as if they were the sons of the city. This could mean: (1) this refers to only the young men of Jerusalem or (2) this refers to all the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 4 2 ld1a figs-metaphor 0 they are worth no more than clay jars, the work of the potter’s hands The author speaks of the precious sons of Zion as if they were considered to be inexpensive clay jars. Alternate translation: “people consider them to be as worthless as the clay jars that potters make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 4 3 a5ip 0 General Information: Because of the lack of food in the city, the people of Jerusalem do not give their children all they need. LAM 4 3 m7cj 0 the jackals offer the breast to nurse their cubs This means that mother jackals feed their baby jackals. @@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ LAM 4 6 ef77 figs-metonymy 0 the daughter of my people This is a poetic name fo LAM 4 6 l7zs figs-activepassive 0 which was overthrown in a moment The word “which” refers to Sodom. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which God destroyed in a moment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LAM 4 6 xk36 figs-activepassive 0 no hands were wrung for her This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one wrung their hands for her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LAM 4 6 wg9e figs-metonymy 0 no hands were wrung for her People sometimes rub and twist their hands when they are worried and cannot fix something, so wringing the hands here represents worrying. The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, which was called “the daughter of my people.” Alternate translation: “no one was worried about her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -LAM 4 7 gvp4 figs-metaphor 0 Her leaders were purer than snow, whiter than milk Possible meanings are (1) Jerusalem’s leaders were beautiful to look at because they were physically healthy or (2) the leaders were morally pure as new snow and milk are pure white. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +LAM 4 7 gvp4 figs-metaphor 0 Her leaders were purer than snow, whiter than milk This could mean: (1) Jerusalem’s leaders were beautiful to look at because they were physically healthy or (2) the leaders were morally pure as new snow and milk are pure white. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 4 7 wu6d 0 Her leaders “Jerusalem’s leaders” LAM 4 7 cw2z figs-explicit 0 their bodies were more ruddy than coral “their bodies were redder than coral.” This implies that they were healthy. Alternate translation: “their bodies were healthy and red” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LAM 4 7 a385 0 coral a rock-hard red substance that comes from the ocean and was used for making decorations @@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ LAM 4 13 pz3y figs-parallelism 0 the sins of her prophets and the iniquities of LAM 4 13 t6hn figs-metonymy 0 who have shed the blood of the righteous Both the priests and the prophets were guilty of murder. Here “shed the blood” represents murder. Alternate translation: “who have murdered the righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LAM 4 14 ah77 figs-metaphor 0 They wandered, blind, through the streets The priests and prophets are spoken of as if they were blind because they wandered through the streets, not knowing where to go. Alternate translation: “They wandered through the streets like blind men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 4 14 b7ti figs-metaphor 0 They were so defiled by that blood Here “defiled” represents being unacceptable to God. Because the priests and prophets murdered people, they were ritually unclean, unable to worship God or be with ordinary people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -LAM 4 14 dpi8 figs-metonymy 0 defiled by that blood “defiled by the blood that they shed.” Possible meanings are (1) the blood was on their clothes or (2) “blood” is a metonym for murder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +LAM 4 14 dpi8 figs-metonymy 0 defiled by that blood “defiled by the blood that they shed.” This could mean: (1) the blood was on their clothes or (2) “blood” is a metonym for murder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LAM 4 15 qtp2 0 Away! Unclean “Go away! You are unclean” LAM 4 15 uf2c 0 Away! Away! Do not touch “Go away! Go away! Do not touch us” LAM 4 16 s74r 0 scattered them “scattered the prophets and priests” @@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ LAM 4 17 ep11 0 in vain without succeeding LAM 4 17 j62q figs-metaphor 0 we watched for a nation that could not rescue us Here “watched” represents hoping. It can be stated clearly that they were hoping that a nation would come and rescue them. Alternate translation: “we hoped for a nation to come and rescue us, but it could not rescue us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LAM 4 18 ah5m figs-metonymy 0 They followed our steps Here “our steps” represents where they went. Alternate translation: “Our enemies followed us everywhere we went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LAM 4 18 sgr6 figs-metaphor 0 Our end was near Here “near” is a metaphor for “soon.” Alternate translation: “Our end would be soon” or “Our enemies would soon destroy us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -LAM 4 18 g9cv figs-explicit 0 Our end Possible meanings are (1) “Our end” refers to the end of living in their own city because their enemies would destroy the city and capture them. Alternate translation: “Our destruction” or “Our capture” or (2) “Our end” refers to the end of their lives. Alternate translation: “Our death” or “The time for us to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +LAM 4 18 g9cv figs-explicit 0 Our end This could mean: (1) “Our end” refers to the end of living in their own city because their enemies would destroy the city and capture them. Alternate translation: “Our destruction” or “Our capture” or (2) “Our end” refers to the end of their lives. Alternate translation: “Our death” or “The time for us to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LAM 4 18 m59p figs-metaphor 0 our days were numbered Being numbered represents being so few that they could be easily counted. Alternate translation: “we had very little time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 4 18 knb5 figs-metaphor 0 our end had come The phrase “had come” means that what they had expected was now happening. Alternate translation: “it was now the end for us” or “our enemies were attacking us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 4 19 a693 figs-simile 0 Our pursuers were swifter than the eagles in the sky The author compares the speed of their pursuers to the speed of eagles flying. Eagles fly very quickly to catch other animals. Alternate translation: “Those who were chasing us were faster than eagles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) @@ -414,21 +414,21 @@ LAM 5 5 nf7c figs-metaphor 0 we can find no rest This speaks of being able to r LAM 5 6 ysv9 figs-idiom 0 We have given ourselves to Egypt and to Assyria to get enough food This phrase “given ourselves” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “We have made a treaty with Egypt and with Assyria so that we would have food to eat” or “We have surrendered to Egypt and to Assyria to have enough food to remain alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LAM 5 7 ecx8 figs-euphemism 0 they are no more This refers to them being dead. Alternate translation: “they have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) LAM 5 7 zhr6 figs-metonymy 0 we bear their iniquities Here “iniquities” represents the punishment received because of their ancestors’ sins. Alternate translation: “we bear the punishment for their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -LAM 5 8 em5u figs-explicit 0 Slaves rule over us Possible meanings are (1) “Now the people who rule over us are themselves slaves to their own masters in Babylon” or (2) “People who used to be slaves in Babylon now rule over us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +LAM 5 8 em5u figs-explicit 0 Slaves rule over us This could mean: (1) “Now the people who rule over us are themselves slaves to their own masters in Babylon” or (2) “People who used to be slaves in Babylon now rule over us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LAM 5 8 ku5l figs-metonymy 0 to deliver us from their hand Here the word “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “to rescue us from their control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LAM 5 9 nl6v figs-metonymy 0 bread Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LAM 5 9 uiq1 figs-metonymy 0 because of the sword in the wilderness Here robbers with swords are represented by their “swords.” Alternate translation: “because there are robbers in the wilderness who kill others with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LAM 5 10 r3jf figs-simile 0 Our skin has grown as hot as an oven because of the burning heat of hunger This speaks of the peoples’ bodies being hot and feverish as if their skin was as hot as an oven. The people have fever because of their hunger. Alternate translation: “Our skin has become hot like an oven, and we have a very high fever because we are extremely hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) LAM 5 11 z35x figs-parallelism 0 Women are raped in Zion, and virgins in the cities of Judah These two phrases have similar meaning and emphasize that the women are being violated. The words “are raped” are understood in the second part of this sentence and can be repeated. Alternate translation: “Women are raped in Zion, and virgins are raped in the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LAM 5 11 y3me figs-activepassive 0 Women are raped…and virgins This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Our enemies have raped the women…and the virgins” or “Our enemies have violated the women…and the virgins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -LAM 5 12 zb12 0 Princes are hung up by their own hands Possible meanings are (1) the word “their” refers to their enemies. Alternate translation: “With their own hands, they hung princes” or (2) they tied each prince’s hands together with one end of a rope and tied the other end so the prince’s feet could not touch the ground. +LAM 5 12 zb12 0 Princes are hung up by their own hands This could mean: (1) the word “their” refers to their enemies. Alternate translation: “With their own hands, they hung princes” or (2) they tied each prince’s hands together with one end of a rope and tied the other end so the prince’s feet could not touch the ground. LAM 5 12 g7iq figs-activepassive 0 no honor is shown to the elders This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they have shown no honor to the elders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LAM 5 13 f7ub figs-activepassive 0 Young men are forced This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They force young men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LAM 5 13 fzz3 figs-explicit 0 boys stagger under heavy loads of wood The boys are forced to carry the loads of wood. Alternate translation: “boys stagger because they are forced to carry heavy loads of wood” or “they force the boys to carry heavy loads of wood which make them stagger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LAM 5 14 ji4x 0 the city gate This is where the elders would give legal advice, but also where people would meet socially. LAM 5 14 j6xc figs-metaphor 0 the young men have left their music Playing music was part of the social life at the city gate. This speaks of the men no longer playing their music as if the act of playing music were a place that they left. Alternate translation: “the young men have stopped playing their music” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 5 15 l248 figs-synecdoche 0 The joy of our heart Here the word “heart” refers to the whole person and emphasizes their emotions. Alternate translation: “Our joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -LAM 5 16 j13s figs-metonymy 0 The crown has fallen from our head Possible meanings are (1) “We no longer wear flowers on our heads for celebrations” or (2) The “crown” represents their king and their “head” represents a place of authority over the people. Alternate translation: “We no longer have a king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +LAM 5 16 j13s figs-metonymy 0 The crown has fallen from our head This could mean: (1) “We no longer wear flowers on our heads for celebrations” or (2) The “crown” represents their king and their “head” represents a place of authority over the people. Alternate translation: “We no longer have a king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LAM 5 17 gbn4 figs-metonymy 0 For this our heart has become sick The “heart” represents a person’s emotions. This speaks of a person being discouraged as if their emotions were sick. Alternate translation: “Because of this we are discouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LAM 5 17 tqx4 figs-explicit 0 for these things our eyes grow dim This means that they have a hard time seeing because they are crying. Alternate translation: “and we can hardly see because our eyes are full of tears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LAM 5 18 p4v1 0 for Mount Zion lies desolate Here “Mount Zion” refers to Jerusalem. The phrase “lies desolate” means that no one lives there. @@ -438,5 +438,5 @@ LAM 5 19 bv71 figs-idiom 0 from generation to generation This is an idiom. Alte LAM 5 20 kf3s figs-rquestion 0 Why do you forget us forever? Why do you forsake us for the length of your days? The author uses these rhetorical questions to express his feelings that Yahweh has forgotten them. These questions can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is as though you will forget us forever or not come back to us for a very long time!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LAM 5 20 yr7c figs-idiom 0 for the length of your days Here this idiom refers to the duration of God’s life. Since God lives forever, it can also be translated as “forever.” Perhaps the writer was uing hyperbole and exaggerating the length of time he believed that God was forsaking them. Alternate translation: “for as long as you live” or “forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LAM 5 21 igv8 0 Restore us to yourself “Bring us back to yourself” -LAM 5 22 bh9w 0 unless you have utterly rejected us and you are angry with us beyond measure Possible meanings are (1) that the writer is afraid that Yahweh might be too angry to restore them or (2) that he is saying that Yahweh is too angry to restore them. +LAM 5 22 bh9w 0 unless you have utterly rejected us and you are angry with us beyond measure This could mean: (1) that the writer is afraid that Yahweh might be too angry to restore them or (2) that he is saying that Yahweh is too angry to restore them. LAM 5 22 x3ad figs-hypo 0 are angry with us beyond measure This speaks of Yahweh being very angry as if his anger cannot be measured. This is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “are extremely angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) diff --git a/en_tn_26-EZK.tsv b/en_tn_26-EZK.tsv index 53dcdbf909..3077e72f59 100644 --- a/en_tn_26-EZK.tsv +++ b/en_tn_26-EZK.tsv @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ EZK 1 4 h13x 0 Connecting Statement: Ezekiel continues to describe his vision. EZK 1 4 lz9t 0 a windstorm This is a storm that has a lot of wind. EZK 1 4 my5g 0 coming from the north North is the direction to your left when you look toward the sun while it is rising. EZK 1 4 c9um 0 a great cloud with fire flashing within it This can be translated as a new sentence: “The storm had a very large cloud with fire flashing in it” -EZK 1 4 p3zk 0 fire flashing Possible meanings are (1) “flashing lightning” or (2) “constant lightning.” +EZK 1 4 p3zk 0 fire flashing This could mean: (1) “flashing lightning” or (2) “constant lightning.” EZK 1 4 uce2 0 brightness surrounding it and inside of it “a very bright light was around the cloud and inside of it” EZK 1 4 gn1u 0 the color of amber “bright yellow like amber” or “bright yellow” or “glowing yellow” EZK 1 4 s1hw 0 amber a hard yellow resin that is used as a beautiful decoration on jewelry @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ EZK 1 16 yue4 0 like beryl Beryl is a kind of clear, valuable stone, often of EZK 1 16 du8h figs-abstractnouns 0 the four had the same likeness Here the abstract noun “likeness” refers to what the four wheels looked like. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “all four of the wheels looked the same” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 1 16 q9kt figs-abstractnouns 0 their appearance and structure was like a wheel intersecting another wheel The abstract nouns “appearance” and “structure” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “they appeared to be made with one wheel going through another wheel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 1 17 d4vz 0 Connecting Statement: Ezekiel continues to describe his vision. -EZK 1 17 yzc3 0 they went in any of their four directions Possible meanings are (1) “their” refers to the creatures. Alternate translation: “they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards” or (2) “their” refers to the wheels. +EZK 1 17 yzc3 0 they went in any of their four directions This could mean: (1) “their” refers to the creatures. Alternate translation: “they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards” or (2) “their” refers to the wheels. EZK 1 18 tsz7 0 As for their rims “This is what the rims of the wheels looked like” EZK 1 18 j5l2 0 they were high and fearsome “the rims were very tall and awe-inspiring” or “the rims where tall and frightening” EZK 1 18 q999 0 for the rims were full of eyes round about “because the rims had very many eyes around all four of the wheels” @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ EZK 1 19 pwu8 figs-explicit 0 When the living creatures rose up from the earth EZK 1 19 c3bw 0 the wheels also rose up “the wheels also left the ground and went into the air” EZK 1 20 q1gf 0 Wherever the Spirit would go, they went The word “they” refers to the creatures. EZK 1 20 i3ax 0 the wheels rose up beside them “the wheels went up into the air with the living creatures” -EZK 1 20 sqv9 figs-idiom 0 the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels Possible meanings are (1) Ezekiel is speaking of the “creatures” of verse 19 as if they were one creature. Alternate translation: “the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels” or (2) Ezekiel is using an idiom. Alternate translation: “the spirit of life was in the wheels” or “the living spirit was in the wheels” or (3) the spirit in the creatures and in the wheels is the same. Alternate translation: “the same spirit that gave life to the creatures also gave life to the wheels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +EZK 1 20 sqv9 figs-idiom 0 the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels This could mean: (1) Ezekiel is speaking of the “creatures” of verse 19 as if they were one creature. Alternate translation: “the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels” or (2) Ezekiel is using an idiom. Alternate translation: “the spirit of life was in the wheels” or “the living spirit was in the wheels” or (3) the spirit in the creatures and in the wheels is the same. Alternate translation: “the same spirit that gave life to the creatures also gave life to the wheels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 1 22 ikj7 figs-abstractnouns 0 the likeness of an expansive dome Here the abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like “an expansive dome.” The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “what looked like an expansive dome” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 1 22 l6f5 0 an expansive dome A dome looks like a hollow ball that is cut in half. “Expansive” means very large. “a huge upside-down bowl” EZK 1 22 hu3m 0 awe-inspiring crystal “awe-inspiring ice” or “crystal that makes people marvel when they look at it” @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ EZK 2 intro pp1p 0 # Ezekiel 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting< EZK 2 1 k2gu 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about the vision that he saw. EZK 2 1 jk2d 0 He said to me If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). It was not “the Spirit.” EZK 2 1 djp4 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” -EZK 2 2 nf31 0 the Spirit Other possible meanings are (1) “a spirit” or (2) “a wind.” +EZK 2 2 nf31 0 the Spirit Other This could mean: (1) “a spirit” or (2) “a wind.” EZK 2 3 rd8n 0 up to this very day “even now” or “even today.” This means that the people of Israel were continuing to disobey God. EZK 2 4 f7ws 0 General Information: God continues to speak to Ezekiel. EZK 2 4 nn58 0 Their descendants the descendants of the past generations of Israel who had rebelled against God, referring to the people living in Israel at the time Ezekiel writes @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ EZK 3 14 h4qw 0 General Information: Ezekiel seems to have been angry because EZK 3 14 t94w 0 away, and I went with bitterness in my spirit’s rage The words “bitterness” and “rage” are types of anger. This can be stated as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “away. I was bitter and my spirit was full of anger” or “away. I was very bitter and angry” EZK 3 14 x1uf figs-metaphor 0 bitterness Ezekiel speaks of his anger at Yahweh as if there were a bad taste in his mouth because Yahweh had forced him to eat something that tasted bad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 3 14 w8rt figs-metaphor 0 for the hand of Yahweh was powerfully pressing on me Ezekiel speaks of being sad and tired because Yahweh had commanded him to do things he did not want to do as if Yahweh were pushing him down into the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 3 14 llb2 figs-metonymy 0 the hand of Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) the word “hand” is often used to refer to someone’s power or action. Alternate translation: “the power of Yahweh” or (2) Ezekiel knew that Yahweh was angry with him because he was not obeying Yahweh by speaking to the Israelite exiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +EZK 3 14 llb2 figs-metonymy 0 the hand of Yahweh This could mean: (1) the word “hand” is often used to refer to someone’s power or action. Alternate translation: “the power of Yahweh” or (2) Ezekiel knew that Yahweh was angry with him because he was not obeying Yahweh by speaking to the Israelite exiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 3 15 i5bx translate-names 0 Tel Aviv A town in Babylon, about 80 kilometers southeast of the main city, which was also called Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZK 3 15 bin3 0 the Kebar Canal This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md). EZK 3 15 n8yl 0 overwhelmed in amazement “unable to do anything because I was so amazed” @@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ EZK 3 17 xc2d figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a met EZK 3 18 gn56 0 the wicked “wicked people” EZK 3 18 b5pw figs-idiom 0 require his blood from your hand This is an idiom for holding someone responsible or guilty of murder. Alternate translation: “treat you as if you had murdered him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 3 19 hrf4 figs-doublet 0 he does not turn from his wickedness or from his wicked deeds The phrase “wicked deeds” means the same thing as “wickedness.” Alternate translation: “he does not stop doing wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -EZK 3 20 d1iz figs-metaphor 0 set a stumbling block before him Possible meanings are (1) “make something bad happen to him” or (2) “cause him to sin openly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +EZK 3 20 d1iz figs-metaphor 0 set a stumbling block before him This could mean: (1) “make something bad happen to him” or (2) “cause him to sin openly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 3 20 gm4t 0 he will die in his sin “he will die as a sinner” or “he will die as a guilty person because he has disobeyed me” EZK 3 20 wji4 figs-idiom 0 I will require his blood from your hand This is an idiom for holding someone responsible or guilty of murder. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “I will treat you as if you had murdered him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 3 21 e9i5 figs-activepassive 0 since he was warned This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “since you warned him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -197,16 +197,16 @@ EZK 4 3 d88y translate-symaction 0 set your face against it This is a command t EZK 4 3 cv8u figs-metonymy 0 set your face Here “face” is a metonym for attention or gaze, and “set your face” refers to literally staring at something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 4 3 vw5k figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 4 4 q5jk 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. -EZK 4 4 qk6z 0 put the sin of the house of Israel on it Possible meanings are (1) “symbolically bear the punishment for the sins of the Israelites” or (2) “suffer by lying on your side because of their sin.” +EZK 4 4 qk6z 0 put the sin of the house of Israel on it This could mean: (1) “symbolically bear the punishment for the sins of the Israelites” or (2) “suffer by lying on your side because of their sin.” EZK 4 4 tm3q figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 4 4 kkq5 0 you will carry their sin Possible meanings are (1) “you will be guilty of their sin” or (2) “you will be punished for their sin.” Either of these meanings will be demonstrated “symbolically” by Ezekiel as noted in the UST. +EZK 4 4 kkq5 0 you will carry their sin This could mean: (1) “you will be guilty of their sin” or (2) “you will be punished for their sin.” Either of these meanings will be demonstrated “symbolically” by Ezekiel as noted in the UST. EZK 4 4 u5yy 0 lie down against the house of Israel “lie facing the kingdom of Israel in a hostile manner” EZK 4 5 in3l 0 I myself am assigning to you one day to represent each year of their punishment “I myself command you to lie on your side for the same number of days as the number of years that I will punish them” -EZK 4 5 rx67 0 each year of their punishment Possible meanings are (1) each year that they will be punished for their sins or (2) each year that they have sinned. +EZK 4 5 rx67 0 each year of their punishment This could mean: (1) each year that they will be punished for their sins or (2) each year that they have sinned. EZK 4 5 wq3e translate-numbers 0 390 days “three hundred and ninety days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) EZK 4 6 qwn4 0 General Information: The Spirit continues speaking to Ezekiel. EZK 4 6 y7xn 0 these days the days Ezekiel lies down on his left side to illustrate the siege of the kingdom of Israel -EZK 4 6 s4h8 0 you will carry the sin Possible meanings are (1) “you will be guilty of the sin” or (2) “you will be punished for the sin.” Either of these meanings will be demonstrated symbolically by Ezekiel as noted in the UST. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 4:4](../04/04.md). +EZK 4 6 s4h8 0 you will carry the sin This could mean: (1) “you will be guilty of the sin” or (2) “you will be punished for the sin.” Either of these meanings will be demonstrated symbolically by Ezekiel as noted in the UST. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 4:4](../04/04.md). EZK 4 6 a25b figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Judah people group” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 4 6 iys6 0 I am assigning to you one day for each year “I will make you do this one day for each year that I will punish them” EZK 4 7 t4rt translate-symaction 0 Set your face toward Jerusalem that is under siege This is a command to stare at the model of Jerusalem as a symbol of punishing Jerusalem. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/03.md). Alternate translation: “Stare at Jerusalem that is under siege” or “Stare at Jerusalem that is under siege, so that it will be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ EZK 4 16 f6dt figs-metaphor 0 the staff of bread The supply is called a staff b EZK 4 16 i35y figs-explicit 0 they will eat bread while rationing it in anxiety You may need to make explicit why they will ration the bread. “they will carefully divide their bread because they fear that there will not be enough” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 4 16 kdq7 0 rationing giving small amounts of something of which there is not enough to many people EZK 4 16 xi3f figs-metonymy 0 rationing it in trembling The word “shaking” is a metaphor for being afraid and “trembling” represents fear. Alternate translation: “rationing it while shaking” or “rationing it in fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 4 17 s15b figs-explicit 0 every man will be dismayed at his brother and waste away Possible meanings are (1) “everyone will look at his brother and worry about how much food his brother eats and waste away” or (2) “every one of them will be dismayed and waste away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +EZK 4 17 s15b figs-explicit 0 every man will be dismayed at his brother and waste away This could mean: (1) “everyone will look at his brother and worry about how much food his brother eats and waste away” or (2) “every one of them will be dismayed and waste away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 4 17 bv4j figs-metaphor 0 waste away The phrase “waste away” is usually used of flesh or wood rotting. Here it is a metaphor for wicked people becoming thin and dying because they have no food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 5 intro hus5 0 # Ezekiel 05 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The destruction of Jerusalem<br>The destruction of Jerusalem is continued to be pictured in this chapter. Ezekiel showed the destruction of Jerusalem by fire and war. EZK 5 1 mvw5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. All instances of “the city” refer to the “city” that Ezekiel carved onto the brick ([Ezekiel 4:1](../04/01.md)). @@ -258,15 +258,15 @@ EZK 5 2 b6bf figs-metonymy 0 I will draw out a sword to chase after the people EZK 5 2 f2fx 0 I will draw out a sword “I will pull a sword out of its container” EZK 5 3 aw1j 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to Ezekiel. EZK 5 3 y2te 0 a small number of hairs from them “a few hairs from the piles” -EZK 5 3 vva4 0 tie them The word “them” refers to the hairs. Possible meanings are (1) the hairs were long enough so Ezekiel could tie them or (2) Ezekiel was to sew the hairs or otherwise attach them (3) Ezekiel was to place the hairs loosely in a fold of the garment. -EZK 5 3 m7jf 0 the folds of your robe Possible meanings are (1) “the cloth on your arms” (“your sleeves”) or (2) “the end of the cloth on your robe” (“your hem”) or (3) the fold in the garment where it is tucked into the belt. +EZK 5 3 vva4 0 tie them The word “them” refers to the hairs. This could mean: (1) the hairs were long enough so Ezekiel could tie them or (2) Ezekiel was to sew the hairs or otherwise attach them (3) Ezekiel was to place the hairs loosely in a fold of the garment. +EZK 5 3 m7jf 0 the folds of your robe This could mean: (1) “the cloth on your arms” (“your sleeves”) or (2) “the end of the cloth on your robe” (“your hem”) or (3) the fold in the garment where it is tucked into the belt. EZK 5 4 qx1e figs-events 0 Then take This continues the instructions Yahweh gives to Ezekiel beginning with the words “But take” in verse 3. Ezekiel was to “take a small number of hairs” and “take more of the hair and throw it” when he shaved his hair and beard ([Ezekiel 5:1](../05/01.md)) and before he burned the hair ([Ezekiel 5:2](../05/02.md)). You may need to place these verses before those verses. “But when you shave off your hair and beard, and before you burn them, take…After you have scattered the hair to the wind, then take” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) EZK 5 4 k7tv figs-metaphor 0 from there a fire will go out to all the house of Israel “from there a fire will spread out and burn up all the people of Israel.” Yahweh speaks of how he will punish Israel as if he were going to set fire to a house and of the people of Israel as if they were the family that lives in that house but were at that time outside the house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 5 4 isu2 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 5 5 r35t 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak. EZK 5 5 g9gl 0 Lord Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). EZK 5 5 rka7 0 This is Jerusalem “This carving represents Jerusalem” ([Ezekiel 4:1](../04/01.md)) -EZK 5 5 a826 0 in the midst of the nations Possible meanings are (1) other nations were on all sides of Jerusalem or (2) “more important than all other nations.” +EZK 5 5 a826 0 in the midst of the nations This could mean: (1) other nations were on all sides of Jerusalem or (2) “more important than all other nations.” EZK 5 5 k186 figs-personification 0 I have placed her Jerusalem is referred to as “her” and “she.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) EZK 5 5 qg7v 0 other lands “the neighboring countries” or “the countries around her” EZK 5 6 hl49 0 The people have rejected my judgments “The people of Israel and Jerusalem have refused to obey my judgments.” @@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ EZK 6 8 p3b3 figs-metonymy 0 some who escape the sword The word “sword” is EZK 6 8 luc8 figs-activepassive 0 when you are scattered throughout the countries This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when I scatter you in different countries” or “when I force you to live in other countries” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 6 9 nw31 figs-synecdoche 0 I was grieved by their promiscuous heart that turned away from me Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a woman who sleeps with many people. Alternate translation: “I was sad because they were like a wife who has left me to sleep with other men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) EZK 6 9 quq7 figs-synecdoche 0 by their eyes that whored after their idols Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a married woman who looks at other men and desires to sleep with them. Alternate translation: “by the way they desired strongly to worship idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -EZK 6 9 cul8 0 they will show loathing on their face for the wickedness which they have committed Possible meanings are (1) “their faces will show that they hate themselves because of the wicked things they have done” or (2) “their faces will show that they hate the wicked things that they have done.” +EZK 6 9 cul8 0 they will show loathing on their face for the wickedness which they have committed This could mean: (1) “their faces will show that they hate themselves because of the wicked things they have done” or (2) “their faces will show that they hate the wicked things that they have done.” EZK 6 11 tpg3 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to Ezekiel. EZK 6 11 e96i figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) EZK 6 11 wif1 0 Lord Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). @@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ EZK 7 3 yt4u 0 according to your ways “according to the things you do” or EZK 7 3 d31i 0 I will bring all your abominations upon you “I will punish you for doing those things that I hate so much” EZK 7 4 s8xd figs-synecdoche 0 For my eyes will not pity you The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “For I will not pity you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) EZK 7 4 n5vz figs-metaphor 0 I will bring your ways upon you The way a person lives is spoken of as a path on which one walks. Alternate translation: “I will punish you for the things you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 7 4 r54l 0 your abominations will be in your midst Possible meanings are (1) “I will punish all of you because of your abominations” or (2) “this will happen as long as you continue to worship idols.” +EZK 7 4 r54l 0 your abominations will be in your midst This could mean: (1) “I will punish all of you because of your abominations” or (2) “this will happen as long as you continue to worship idols.” EZK 7 4 u9s9 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 7 5 p6dg 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words to the people of Israel. EZK 7 5 mg8u figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) @@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ EZK 7 10 z47j 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Israel. EZK 7 10 x4mj figs-explicit 0 Behold, the day! Behold, it is coming! “Behold! The day is coming!” You may need to make explicit which day is coming. Alternate translation: “Behold! The day when I will punish you is coming!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 7 10 n977 0 Behold “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” EZK 7 10 xv3u 0 Doom has gone out “Disaster has begun to come to Israel” or “Terrible things have begun to happen” -EZK 7 10 yu2t figs-metaphor 0 The rod has blossomed, arrogance has budded Possible meanings are (1) “The people of Israel have grown very proud” or (2) “The people of Israel have become very violent and very proud.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +EZK 7 10 yu2t figs-metaphor 0 The rod has blossomed, arrogance has budded This could mean: (1) “The people of Israel have grown very proud” or (2) “The people of Israel have become very violent and very proud.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 7 12 bn6n 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Israel. EZK 7 12 qp62 figs-parallelism 0 The time is coming; the day has come close Both “The time” and “the day” refer to the time when God will punish the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel’s punishment will happen very soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) EZK 7 12 ny3b 0 my anger is on the entire multitude “I am angry with the whole multitude” @@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ EZK 7 18 gtb2 figs-explicit 0 baldness on all of their heads Shaving the head w EZK 7 19 xfz1 0 in the day of Yahweh’s rage “in the day when Yahweh acts on his anger” or “when Yahweh punishes them” EZK 7 19 u2cm 0 the day This can be a time period of more or less than one 24-hour day. EZK 7 19 ux4y figs-activepassive 0 their hunger will not be satisfied This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will not be able to satisfy their hunger” or “they will still be hungry even after they eat all they have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 7 19 n5ad 0 their iniquity has become a stumbling block Possible meanings are (1) “because having a lot of gold and silver has led them to sin” or (2) “because they are evil, they are committing sins that show how evil they are.” +EZK 7 19 n5ad 0 their iniquity has become a stumbling block This could mean: (1) “because having a lot of gold and silver has led them to sin” or (2) “because they are evil, they are committing sins that show how evil they are.” EZK 7 20 kt4d 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Israel. EZK 7 20 pbt7 0 with them with the jeweled ornaments EZK 7 21 jpj3 figs-metonymy 0 I will give those things into the hand of strangers The word “hand” is used to refer to control. “I will give those idols into the control of people they do not know” or “I will give those idols to people they do not know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ EZK 7 22 ge5t 0 my cherished place “the place I love.” This refers to God EZK 7 22 u74s 0 bandits violent people who steal and destroy EZK 7 23 zs1w 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words to Ezekiel about Israel. EZK 7 23 y53i 0 Make a chain Chains are used to hold slaves or prisoners. God says this to show the people that they will become slaves or prisoners. -EZK 7 23 gu3l figs-metonymy 0 the land is filled with the judgment of blood Possible meanings are (1) “everywhere in the country God is judging people because they violently killed others” or (2) “the courts everywhere in the country are murdering people.” The word “blood” here represents murder and death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +EZK 7 23 gu3l figs-metonymy 0 the land is filled with the judgment of blood This could mean: (1) “everywhere in the country God is judging people because they violently killed others” or (2) “the courts everywhere in the country are murdering people.” The word “blood” here represents murder and death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 7 23 u3zi figs-metaphor 0 the city is full of violence The city is spoken of as if it were a container, and violence is spoken of as an object that can be put in a container. The abstract noun “violence” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “violence is everywhere in the city” or “many people in the city are doing violent things to others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 7 24 r3n8 0 they will possess their houses the wicked will take the Israelites’ houses EZK 7 24 a75e 0 I will bring an end to the pride of the mighty “I will cause the powerful people in Israel to stop being proud of themselves” @@ -428,8 +428,8 @@ EZK 7 26 br9z 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Israel. EZK 7 26 v3q8 figs-personification 0 Disaster upon disaster will come Disaster is spoken of as if it could move by itself. Alternate translation: “One disaster after another will happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) EZK 7 26 sxh6 0 they will seek a vision from the prophet “they will ask the prophets what visions they have seen” EZK 7 26 f4qm 0 the law will perish from the priest and advice from the elders “The priests will not teach the law, and the elders will not be able to give good advice.” This is because God will not give them wisdom. -EZK 7 27 t2rb 0 the prince Possible meanings are (1) “the king’s son” or (2) every male member of the royal family except the king. -EZK 7 27 gux5 figs-idiom 0 will dress in despair Possible meanings are (1) clothing is a metonym for what a person feels, “will have no hope,” or (2) “will dress in clothes that show he is mourning.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +EZK 7 27 t2rb 0 the prince This could mean: (1) “the king’s son” or (2) every male member of the royal family except the king. +EZK 7 27 gux5 figs-idiom 0 will dress in despair This could mean: (1) clothing is a metonym for what a person feels, “will have no hope,” or (2) “will dress in clothes that show he is mourning.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 7 27 zy7f figs-synecdoche 0 the hands of the people of the land will tremble in fear The word “hands” is a synecdoche for the people. Alternate translation: “the people of the land will be so afraid that their hands will tremble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) EZK 8 intro xkv7 0 # Ezekiel 08 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Judah’s sin<br><br>The people have contaminated the temple with their worship of other gods and through their sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) EZK 8 1 vqq8 0 General Information: Ezekiel tells about another vision he saw. @@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ EZK 8 3 q8np 0 between earth and heaven “between the ground and the sky” EZK 8 3 h6bp 0 in visions from God, he brought me to Jerusalem The words “in visions” mean that this experience is happening in Ezekiel’s thoughts. His body would still be in his home while God shows him these things. EZK 8 3 k28b figs-explicit 0 the inner northern gate “the inner northern gate of the temple.” The temple was surrounded by two walls, one inside the other. This gate was on the north side of the inner wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 8 3 bpy7 0 the idol that provokes great jealousy “the idol that causes God to be very jealous” -EZK 8 4 eu7m 0 according to the vision I had seen on the plain Possible meanings are (1) “who looked the same as what I had seen in the vision that I saw when I was on the plain” or (2) “who looked the same as what I saw when I was on the plain.” +EZK 8 4 eu7m 0 according to the vision I had seen on the plain This could mean: (1) “who looked the same as what I had seen in the vision that I saw when I was on the plain” or (2) “who looked the same as what I saw when I was on the plain.” EZK 8 4 x9fq 0 the plain a large area of flat land that has few trees. EZK 8 5 h9iv 0 General Information: The “figure like a man” ([Ezekiel 8:2](../08/02.md)) speaks to Ezekiel. EZK 8 5 i1ht figs-explicit 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ EZK 8 17 rp1r figs-rquestion 0 Is it a little thing for the house of Judah to d EZK 8 17 wsq5 figs-metonymy 0 house of Judah The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Judah people group” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 8 17 jz5k 0 they have filled the land with violence “throughout the country they are doing violent things or “all over the country they are attacking one another” EZK 8 17 bq27 0 to provoke me to anger “to make me angry” -EZK 8 17 s9li figs-idiom 0 putting the branch to their noses Possible meanings are (1) the people were using the branches in false worship or (2) the people were using the branches to show rebellion against Yahweh. The words “branch to…noses” may be a literal tree branch and literal noses, or they could be the term for a hand gesture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +EZK 8 17 s9li figs-idiom 0 putting the branch to their noses This could mean: (1) the people were using the branches in false worship or (2) the people were using the branches to show rebellion against Yahweh. The words “branch to…noses” may be a literal tree branch and literal noses, or they could be the term for a hand gesture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 8 18 ivi2 figs-synecdoche 0 my eye will not have compassion The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “I will not look on them with compassion” or “I will not be compassionate to them” (See: and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) EZK 8 18 h7ic 0 I will not spare them “I will still punish them” EZK 8 18 ay27 0 Though they cry in my ears with a loud voice “Though they yell their prayers to me with a loud voice” @@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ EZK 9 2 jt5l 0 the upper gate that faces north “the upper northern gate” o EZK 9 2 b5f1 translate-unknown 0 linen a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. Alternate translation: “smooth cloth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) EZK 9 2 i87b 0 scribe’s equipment tools that scribes write with EZK 9 2 tl3q translate-unknown 0 bronze A dark gold-colored metal. It is made from mostly copper with tin added for strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -EZK 9 3 ywh8 figs-explicit 0 from the cherubim where it had been Possible meanings are (1) “from above the four winged creatures” ([Ezekiel 1:5](../01/05.md)) or (2) from between the two cherubim in the most holy place in the temple. Try to translate this literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +EZK 9 3 ywh8 figs-explicit 0 from the cherubim where it had been This could mean: (1) “from above the four winged creatures” ([Ezekiel 1:5](../01/05.md)) or (2) from between the two cherubim in the most holy place in the temple. Try to translate this literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 9 3 ljc9 0 threshold of the house The “house” refers to God’s temple. EZK 9 3 s89y 0 linen See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/02.md). EZK 9 3 lik6 0 scribe’s equipment tools that scribes write with. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/02.md). @@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ EZK 9 5 r5es figs-synecdoche 0 Do not let your eyes have compassion The eye is EZK 9 5 w6k5 0 do not spare “do not refrain from killing” EZK 9 6 p9s8 0 mark on his head These were the people who groaned about the abominations happening in Jerusalem. See how you translated “mark” in [Ezekiel 9:4](../09/04.md). EZK 9 6 e6wg figs-explicit 0 Begin at my sanctuary You may need to make explicit what the people are to begin to do at the sanctuary. Alternate translation: “Begin to kill the ones who do not have the mark at my sanctuary” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 9 6 j3le 0 the elders Possible meanings are (1) the “seventy elders of the house of Israel” ([Ezekiel 8:11](../08/11.md)) or (2) any “old man” (see the beginning of the verse). +EZK 9 6 j3le 0 the elders This could mean: (1) the “seventy elders of the house of Israel” ([Ezekiel 8:11](../08/11.md)) or (2) any “old man” (see the beginning of the verse). EZK 9 7 j1wv 0 General Information: God continuing to speak to the guards judging the people of Israel. EZK 9 7 zct1 0 the house the temple EZK 9 7 hqw7 figs-metonymy 0 attacked the city The word “city” is a metonym for the people in the city. Alternate translation: “attacked the people in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ EZK 10 9 d8v9 figs-abstractnouns 0 the appearance of the wheels was like a bery EZK 10 9 nza9 translate-unknown 0 beryl stone “Beryl” here is a very hard, valuable stone. This beryl was probably green or blue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) EZK 10 10 i72z figs-abstractnouns 0 Their appearance was the same likeness for all four of them The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. The abstract noun “likeness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “All four of them appeared to be similar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 10 10 c1u1 0 a wheel intersecting another wheel The word “intersecting” means “crossing” or “passing through.” -EZK 10 11 vgw9 0 they went in any of their four directions Possible meanings are (1) “their” refers to the creatures. Alternate translation: “they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards” or (2) “their” refers to the wheels. +EZK 10 11 vgw9 0 they went in any of their four directions This could mean: (1) “their” refers to the creatures. Alternate translation: “they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards” or (2) “their” refers to the wheels. EZK 10 11 qn2m 0 whatever direction the head faced, they followed Possible meanings for “the head” are (1) this refers to the winged creatures. Alternate translation: “they went in whatever direction the winged creatures were looking” or (2) this refers to the front wheel. Alternate translation: “they followed in whatever direction the front wheel went” EZK 10 12 a1cv 0 wheels Translate the word “wheels” as in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md). EZK 10 13 r5jq figs-activepassive 0 the wheels were called, “Whirling.” The word “Whirling” means “Spinning.” Here it is the name of the wheels. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone called the wheels, ‘Whirling.’” or “the name of the wheels was ‘Whirling.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ EZK 10 15 c58d 0 living creatures See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:13 EZK 10 15 jya4 0 rose up “went up into the air” EZK 10 16 r9ip 0 They still stayed beside them “The wheels stayed with the cherubim.” Alternate translation: “The wheels moved with the cherubim” EZK 10 17 x7na 0 stood still “stayed still” or “did not move” -EZK 10 17 b52c figs-idiom 0 the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels Possible meanings are (1) Ezekiel is speaking of the “creatures” of verse 15 as if they were one creature. Alternate translation: “the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels” or (2) Ezekiel is using an idiom. Alternate translation: “the spirit of life was in the wheels” or “the living spirit was in the wheels” or (3) the spirit in the creatures and in the wheels is the same. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:20](../01/20.md). Alternate translation: “the same spirit that gave life to the creatures also gave life to the wheels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +EZK 10 17 b52c figs-idiom 0 the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels This could mean: (1) Ezekiel is speaking of the “creatures” of verse 15 as if they were one creature. Alternate translation: “the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels” or (2) Ezekiel is using an idiom. Alternate translation: “the spirit of life was in the wheels” or “the living spirit was in the wheels” or (3) the spirit in the creatures and in the wheels is the same. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:20](../01/20.md). Alternate translation: “the same spirit that gave life to the creatures also gave life to the wheels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 10 18 m9ii 0 the glory of Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md). EZK 10 18 gb9v 0 the house the temple EZK 10 18 x2tm 0 stood over “stayed over” or “waited over” @@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ EZK 11 2 xpp8 0 General Information: Ezekiel continues to tell about the visio EZK 11 2 unw8 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 11 3 g14h 0 The time to build houses is not now This shows the people feel so secure they are not worried about building houses now. Other versions of the Bible read, “Now is the time to build our houses.” This would mean that the people want to build houses because they feel secure. EZK 11 3 a2wt figs-metaphor 0 this city is the pot, and we are the meat The people speak of themselves as if they were good cuts of meat and of the city as if it were a pot in which the meat was stored or cooked. The metaphor suggests that they are important and safe within the city. Alternate translation: “This city is like a pot that will protect us as a pot protects meat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 11 3 nf9t 0 the pot Possible meanings are (1) a pot for storing meat or (2) a pot for cooking meat. +EZK 11 3 nf9t 0 the pot This could mean: (1) a pot for storing meat or (2) a pot for cooking meat. EZK 11 5 b5xf 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to talk to the prophet Ezekiel. EZK 11 5 n2rp figs-metaphor 0 the Spirit of Yahweh fell on me Ezekiel speaks of the Spirit of Yahweh inspiring and empowering him to prophesy as if the Spirit of Yahweh fell upon him. Alternate translation: “the Spirit of Yahweh empowered me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 11 5 k82u 0 That is what you are saying “You are saying these things.” This refers to what the people were saying in [Ezekiel 11:3](../11/03.md). @@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ EZK 13 11 z2ym 0 whitewashing The word “whitewashing” refers to covering a EZK 13 11 aee2 figs-metaphor 0 I will send hailstones to make it fall down, and a windstorm wind to break it down Yahweh refers to the judgment that he will send upon the people as if it were a severe storm that breaks down the wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 13 11 zn9q 0 hailstones balls of ice that sometimes falls from the sky during a rainstorm. EZK 13 12 zbu8 figs-rquestion 0 Have others not said to you, “Where is the whitewash that you put on it?” Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that others will ask the prophets what happened to their whitewash. Alternate translation: “Others will certainly say to you, ‘Where is the whitewash that you put on it?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -EZK 13 12 d3qf figs-rquestion 0 Where is the whitewash that you put on it? Possible meanings are (1) that this is an honest question for which the people expect and answer or (2) this is a rhetorical question that the people ask out of sarcasm. Alternate translation: “The whitewash that you put on it did no good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +EZK 13 12 d3qf figs-rquestion 0 Where is the whitewash that you put on it? This could mean: (1) that this is an honest question for which the people expect and answer or (2) this is a rhetorical question that the people ask out of sarcasm. Alternate translation: “The whitewash that you put on it did no good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) EZK 13 13 l6dh figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak of the false security that the prophets have given to the people by speaking of peace as if the prophets had built a poorly-constructed wall and covered it over with white paint in order to make it look good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 13 13 ap58 figs-metaphor 0 I will bring a windstorm…completely destroy it. Yahweh refers to the judgment that he will send upon the people as if it were a severe storm that breaks down the wall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 13 13 hsw4 0 in my rage…in my wrath…in my rage “because of my rage…because of my wrath…because my rage.” @@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ EZK 14 2 bz2f figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is use EZK 14 3 g57d 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 14 3 ky9e figs-metaphor 0 have taken their idols into their hearts Yahweh speaks of the elders committing themselves to worshiping idols as if the elders had “taken their idols into their hearts.” Alternate translation: “have devoted themselves to idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 14 3 qej2 figs-metaphor 0 have put the stumbling block of their iniquity before their own faces Yahweh speaks of the idols that the elders worship as if they were blocks over which the elders stumble, and of being determined to worship those idols as if they had placed those stumbling blocks in front of their faces. Alternate translation: “have resolutely determined to worship the things that lead to iniquity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 14 3 s8bu 0 stumbling block of their iniquity Possible meanings are (1) the idols are a stumbling block that leads to the elders’ iniquity or (2) worshiping idols is an iniquity that causes the elders to stumble. +EZK 14 3 s8bu 0 stumbling block of their iniquity This could mean: (1) the idols are a stumbling block that leads to the elders’ iniquity or (2) worshiping idols is an iniquity that causes the elders to stumble. EZK 14 3 lx5m figs-rquestion 0 Should I be inquired of at all by them? Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the elders should not be inquiring of him. This question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Should I permit them to inquire of me at all?” or “They should not be inquiring of me at all.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 14 4 te7p 0 Therefore announce this to them The word “them” refers to the “men from the elders of Israel.” EZK 14 4 m2x4 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -855,7 +855,7 @@ EZK 16 15 c6e2 figs-metaphor 0 you poured out your acts of prostitution Yahweh EZK 16 15 wq1l 0 so that your beauty became his This Hebrew phrase is translated in many different ways by various modern versions. For example, some Bibles read “so that you gave yourself to him” or “his it was” EZK 16 17 um7f figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 16 17 h8iz 0 male figures “statues of men” or “idols that look like men” -EZK 16 17 rgp8 figs-euphemism 0 you did with them as a prostitute would do Possible meanings are (1) this is a polite way to say the young woman was sleeping with the male figures. Alternate translation: “you slept with them” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of her worshiping the figures as if she were sleeping with them. Alternate translation: “you worshiped them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +EZK 16 17 rgp8 figs-euphemism 0 you did with them as a prostitute would do This could mean: (1) this is a polite way to say the young woman was sleeping with the male figures. Alternate translation: “you slept with them” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of her worshiping the figures as if she were sleeping with them. Alternate translation: “you worshiped them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 16 19 ml19 0 set before them “placed as an offering in front of them” EZK 16 20 d2sz figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 16 20 ev7l 0 whom you bore for me “who were my children” @@ -888,7 +888,7 @@ EZK 16 37 zp96 0 behold The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention EZK 16 37 awf2 figs-explicit 0 so they see all your nakedness Stripping a person naked in front of others was an action intended to humiliate the person. The word “nakedness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “so they can see you completely naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 16 38 s1kn figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful wife. The city represents the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 16 38 s8wc figs-metonymy 0 the shedding of blood This phrase represents murder in any form. Alternate translation: “murder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 16 38 ljg4 figs-metonymy 0 I will bring on you the bloodshed of my anger and passion Here “bloodshed” represents murder in any form. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh speaks of punishing her for murder as if he were bringing bloodshed upon her. Alternate translation: “In my anger and passion, I will punish you for committing murder” or (2) Yahweh speaks of putting her to death as if he were bringing bloodshed upon her. Alternate translation: “In my anger and passion, I will shed your blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +EZK 16 38 ljg4 figs-metonymy 0 I will bring on you the bloodshed of my anger and passion Here “bloodshed” represents murder in any form. This could mean: (1) Yahweh speaks of punishing her for murder as if he were bringing bloodshed upon her. Alternate translation: “In my anger and passion, I will punish you for committing murder” or (2) Yahweh speaks of putting her to death as if he were bringing bloodshed upon her. Alternate translation: “In my anger and passion, I will shed your blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 16 39 ylz3 figs-metonymy 0 I will give you into their hands Here “hands” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I will place you in their control” or “I will allow them to have power over you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 16 39 ia4f 0 throw down your vaulted chamber Possible meanings are that they will destroy (1) the place where she worshiped her idols or (2) the place where she practiced her prostitution. See how you translated “vaulted chamber” in [Ezekiel 16:24](../16/24.md). EZK 16 39 gp28 figs-doublet 0 naked and bare These two words mean the same thing. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:7](../16/07.md). Alternate translation: “completely naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) @@ -958,7 +958,7 @@ EZK 17 5 yl5l figs-explicit 0 planted it…like a willow Willow trees grow in p EZK 17 6 act5 0 Then it sprouted “Then the seed began to grow into a plant” EZK 17 6 u95a 0 a spreading vine low to the ground “a vine that spreads out on the ground” EZK 17 6 qj5j 0 Its branches turned toward him The branches of the vine turned toward the eagle. This means that they began to grow upward towards the sky. -EZK 17 6 vrq4 0 its roots grew under it Possible meanings are (1) “its roots grew under itself into the ground” or (2) “the roots of the vine grew under the eagle.” +EZK 17 6 vrq4 0 its roots grew under it This could mean: (1) “its roots grew under itself into the ground” or (2) “the roots of the vine grew under the eagle.” EZK 17 6 wq1a 0 So it became a vine “That is how the vine grew” EZK 17 6 kn3n 0 produced branches and sent out shoots “grew branches and spread its shoots” EZK 17 7 nr41 0 General Information: The introductory “but” shows that a different eagle is being described other than the one before. @@ -1071,7 +1071,7 @@ EZK 18 29 pe9e figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metony EZK 18 29 pq68 figs-metaphor 0 The way of the Lord is not fair…How is my way not fair…It is your ways that are not fair Actions or behaviors are spoken of as if they were a way or path that a person travels. Alternate translation: “The Lord does not act fairly…How do I not act fairly…It is you who do not act fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 18 30 d4ja figs-metaphor 0 according to his ways Yahweh speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “according to his actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 18 30 j6mr figs-metaphor 0 turn away from all your transgressions so that they will not be stumbling blocks of iniquity against you Yahweh speaks of “transgressions” causing people to rebel against him as if they were blocks over which the people stumble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 18 30 i18v figs-metonymy 0 stumbling blocks of iniquity against you Possible meanings are (1) the stumbling blocks cause the person to commit more iniquity. Alternate translation: “stumbling blocks that cause you to commit more iniquity” or (2) The word “iniquity” is a metonym for the punishment that a person receives for his iniquity. Alternate translation: “stumbling blocks that lead to your punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +EZK 18 30 i18v figs-metonymy 0 stumbling blocks of iniquity against you This could mean: (1) the stumbling blocks cause the person to commit more iniquity. Alternate translation: “stumbling blocks that cause you to commit more iniquity” or (2) The word “iniquity” is a metonym for the punishment that a person receives for his iniquity. Alternate translation: “stumbling blocks that lead to your punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 18 31 va7u 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel. EZK 18 31 pv2w figs-metaphor 0 Throw away from yourselves all of the transgressions that you have committed Yahweh speaks of the people determining to stop committing transgressions as if the transgressions were objects, such as clothing, that they removed and threw away. Alternate translation: “Get rid of all of the transgressions that you have committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 18 31 vlg7 figs-metonymy 0 make for yourselves a new heart and a new spirit Here the word “heart” represents the will and emotions and the word “spirit” represents the thoughts and disposition. Yahweh speaks of the people having new emotions and thoughts as if they were making a new heart and spirit for themselves. Alternate translation: “get for yourselves new emotions and a new way of thinking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1185,7 +1185,7 @@ EZK 20 33 ad5k figs-metonymy 0 with a mighty hand, a raised arm The words “ha EZK 20 33 d5h5 figs-metaphor 0 fury that will be poured out on you Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury as if the fury were a liquid that he pours out on the people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “fury that I will pour out on you” or “I will express my fury towards you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 20 34 tam7 figs-activepassive 0 among whom you have been scattered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “among whom I have scattered you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 20 36 yke5 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. -EZK 20 37 vi6t figs-metaphor 0 I will cause you to pass under my rod This refers to the practice of a shepherd counting and inspecting his sheep as the sheep walked under his staff. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will count his people whom he gathers from the nations to ensure that they are all present. Alternate translation: “I will count you carefully as a shepherd counts his sheep” or (2) Yahweh will inspect each person as they pass under his staff in order to separate the faithful from the unfaithful. Alternate translation: “I will inspect you carefully as a shepherd inspects his sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +EZK 20 37 vi6t figs-metaphor 0 I will cause you to pass under my rod This refers to the practice of a shepherd counting and inspecting his sheep as the sheep walked under his staff. This could mean: (1) Yahweh will count his people whom he gathers from the nations to ensure that they are all present. Alternate translation: “I will count you carefully as a shepherd counts his sheep” or (2) Yahweh will inspect each person as they pass under his staff in order to separate the faithful from the unfaithful. Alternate translation: “I will inspect you carefully as a shepherd inspects his sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 20 39 aw31 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. EZK 20 39 gb75 figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 20 39 tsi3 0 to listen to me “to obey me” or “to pay attention to me” @@ -1669,14 +1669,14 @@ EZK 26 5 cu3g figs-personification 0 She will become The city of Tyre is spoken EZK 26 5 m2sf figs-metonymy 0 a place for nets to dry out in the midst of the sea Part of Tyre was an island. This expression is a metonym for the results of Tyre’s destruction. Alternate translation: “an empty island used for drying fishing nets” or “a deserted island where people dry out their fishing nets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 26 5 x6ai figs-metonymy 0 she will become plunder for the nations “Plunder” means things that people steal or take by force. Here Tyre becoming plunder represents its wealth being carried off by other nations. Alternate translation: “the armies of the nations will take away every valuable thing from Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 26 6 kv1j figs-activepassive 0 Her daughters who are in the fields will be slaughtered by the swords This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy armies will slaughter with swords her daughters who are in the fields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -EZK 26 6 mr2n figs-metonymy 0 Her daughters who are in the fields Possible meanings are (1) “Her daughters” were the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields or (2) “Her daughters” is a metonym for nearby towns and villages on the mainland that supported the main city of Tyre. Alternate translation: “Her daughter communities who are on the mainland” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +EZK 26 6 mr2n figs-metonymy 0 Her daughters who are in the fields This could mean: (1) “Her daughters” were the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields or (2) “Her daughters” is a metonym for nearby towns and villages on the mainland that supported the main city of Tyre. Alternate translation: “Her daughter communities who are on the mainland” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 26 6 rmu1 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 26 7 n4gc 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. EZK 26 7 mq6a 0 Behold “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” EZK 26 7 ri6u figs-explicit 0 Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, king of kings The phrase “king of kings” was a title, meaning that he was the greatest of kings, the king that other kings obeyed. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the greatest king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 26 7 es3k 0 a great many people This emphasizes the great size of Nebuchadnezzar’s army. EZK 26 8 pm5g figs-metonymy 0 He will kill Here the word “He” refers to Nebuchadnezzar and is a metonym for his army. Alternate translation: “His army will kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 26 8 q7kf figs-metonymy 0 your daughters in the field Possible meanings are (1) “your daughters” refers to the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields or (2) “your daughters” is a metonym for nearby towns and villages on the mainland that supported the main city of Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 26:6](../26/06.md). Alternate translation: “your daughter communities who are on the mainland” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +EZK 26 8 q7kf figs-metonymy 0 your daughters in the field This could mean: (1) “your daughters” refers to the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields or (2) “your daughters” is a metonym for nearby towns and villages on the mainland that supported the main city of Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 26:6](../26/06.md). Alternate translation: “your daughter communities who are on the mainland” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 26 9 dl2k figs-metonymy 0 General Information: The words “he” and “his” in these verses refer to Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, and represent the soldiers in Nebuchadnezzar’s army doing these actions. The word “your” refers to the city of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 26 9 h14v 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. EZK 26 9 vu9t figs-metonymy 0 He will place his battering rams to hit against your walls, and his tools will tear down your towers Although the battering rams and tools are spoken of as acting against the walls and towers of Tyre, they would have been used by the soldiers in Nebuchadnezzar’s army against the walls and towers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -1886,14 +1886,14 @@ EZK 28 13 kac1 0 prepared “made ready” EZK 28 14 a5aq 0 General Information: The word “you” in these verses refers to the king of Tyre. EZK 28 14 r1ky 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre. EZK 28 14 ybm7 0 cherub See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:9](../10/09.md). -EZK 28 14 hjx3 figs-metaphor 0 the fiery stones “the stones of fire.” Possible meanings are (1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [Ezekiel 28:13](../28/13.md) or (2) other fiery stones on the “holy mountain of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +EZK 28 14 hjx3 figs-metaphor 0 the fiery stones “the stones of fire.” This could mean: (1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [Ezekiel 28:13](../28/13.md) or (2) other fiery stones on the “holy mountain of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 28 15 fa3g figs-activepassive 0 from the day you were created until injustice was found within you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “since the day that I created you until I found injustice within you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 28 16 j1e3 0 General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the king of Tyre. EZK 28 16 gg36 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the king of Tyre. EZK 28 16 man6 0 great trade “large volume of trade” EZK 28 16 b582 figs-metaphor 0 you were filled with violence Yahweh speaks of the king of Tyre as if he were a container that was filled up with violence. The king is a synecdoche for himself and his people The abstract noun “violence” can be translated using the adjective “violent.” Alternate translation: “you and your people became completely violent” or “you and your peoplewere completely violent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 28 16 m9pq 0 guardian cherub “guarding cherub” -EZK 28 16 gp4k figs-metaphor 0 the fiery stones “the stones of fire.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 28:14](../28/14.md). Possible meanings are (1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [Ezekiel 28:13](./13.md) or (2) other fiery stones on the “holy mountain of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +EZK 28 16 gp4k figs-metaphor 0 the fiery stones “the stones of fire.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 28:14](../28/14.md). This could mean: (1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [Ezekiel 28:13](./13.md) or (2) other fiery stones on the “holy mountain of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 28 17 s2ql figs-synecdoche 0 Your heart was arrogant Here the “heart” represents the whole person, emphasizing the person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “You were arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) EZK 28 17 sy75 0 arrogant falsely believing oneself to be importantbelieving oneself to be important EZK 28 17 mxj7 figs-abstractnouns 0 Your heart was arrogant with your beauty; you ruined your wisdom because of your splendor The abstract nouns “beauty,” wisdom” and “splendor” can be translated using the adjectives “beautiful,” “wise” and “splendid.” Alternate translation: “Your heart was arrogant because you were beautiful; you became unwise because you were so splendid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) @@ -2026,7 +2026,7 @@ EZK 30 7 tr5v 0 They will be appalled in the midst of the abandoned lands “T EZK 30 7 gsq4 0 in the midst of “among” or “surrounded by” EZK 30 7 rud4 figs-metaphor 0 their cities will be among all the ruined cities Being “among” the ruined cities represents being ruined like the ruined cities of other countries. Alternate translation: “their cities will be ruined like the cities of other countries” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 30 8 m675 0 General Information: These are Yahweh’s words about Egypt. -EZK 30 8 m795 0 Then they Possible meanings are (1) “Then people” or (2) “Then the Egyptians.” +EZK 30 8 m795 0 Then they This could mean: (1) “Then people” or (2) “Then the Egyptians.” EZK 30 8 lss3 figs-explicit 0 they will know that I am Yahweh Yahweh is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated as similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “they will understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “they will realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 30 8 m7q3 figs-metonymy 0 when I set fire in Egypt Here “set fire in Egypt” represents sending an army to attack Egypt and set fires. Alternate translation: “when I send an army to burn Egypt with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 30 8 fe2h figs-activepassive 0 all of her helpers are destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I destroy all of the allies of Egypt” or “when armies destroy all of those who help Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -2075,8 +2075,8 @@ EZK 30 18 h434 0 Tahpanhes This was an important city in northern Egypt. EZK 30 18 mtp2 figs-personification 0 the day will hold back its light The day is spoken of as if it were able to keep its own light from shining. Alternate translation: “the day will be dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) EZK 30 18 pwv1 figs-metaphor 0 when I break the yoke of Egypt there The word “yoke” here refers to Egypt’s power to oppress people. Alternate translation: “when I stop Egypt from oppressing people” or “when I end Egypt’s power to cruelly control other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 30 18 e5mh figs-metaphor 0 the pride of her strength will be finished This represents Egypt no longer being proud of their strength. The reason that they will not be proud is that they will no longer be strong. Alternate translation: “Egypt will no longer be proud about being strong” or “Egypt will no longer have the strength that they were so proud of” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 30 18 ylq1 figs-metaphor 0 There will be a cloud covering her Possible meanings are (1) the dark cloud represents how sad the people of Egypt will feel. Alternate translation: “It will be as if there is a cloud over Egypt” or (2) there will be a cloud of dust over Egypt from everything that is destroyed. Alternate translation: “A cloud of dust will be over Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 30 18 mw36 0 her daughters Possible meanings are (1) the people of the Egyptian towns or (2) the daughters of the Egyptian people +EZK 30 18 ylq1 figs-metaphor 0 There will be a cloud covering her This could mean: (1) the dark cloud represents how sad the people of Egypt will feel. Alternate translation: “It will be as if there is a cloud over Egypt” or (2) there will be a cloud of dust over Egypt from everything that is destroyed. Alternate translation: “A cloud of dust will be over Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +EZK 30 18 mw36 0 her daughters This could mean: (1) the people of the Egyptian towns or (2) the daughters of the Egyptian people EZK 30 19 hci1 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will execute acts of judgment in Egypt The phrase “acts of judgment” refers to punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish Egypt in many ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 30 19 q3ti 0 so they “so the Egyptians” EZK 30 20 v536 figs-parables 0 General Information: God speaks of making Pharaoh’s army weak as if he were to break Pharaoh’s arm, and of the army not being able to become strong again as if Pharaoh’s arm could not be healed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) @@ -2188,7 +2188,7 @@ EZK 32 1 vh9u translate-ordinal 0 of the twelfth year This refers to the twelft EZK 32 1 alb1 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 32 2 l8pu 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 32 2 iu25 0 lift up “sing” -EZK 32 2 w2mp 0 You are like a young lion…like a monster in the seas Possible meanings are (1) he thought he was like a lion, but he was really only a monster, or (2) he was like a lion and a monster. +EZK 32 2 w2mp 0 You are like a young lion…like a monster in the seas This could mean: (1) he thought he was like a lion, but he was really only a monster, or (2) he was like a lion and a monster. EZK 32 2 u588 figs-simile 0 like a young lion among the nations Egypt was stronger than other nations, like lions are stronger than other animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) EZK 32 2 v3jk figs-simile 0 like a monster in the seas Pharaoh was powerful, but he only caused trouble for others, like this monster in the water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) EZK 32 2 ih5d 0 monster A monster is an animal that is big and dangerous. This one might be a crocodile. See how you translated this word in [Ezekiel 29:3](../29/03.md). @@ -2222,7 +2222,7 @@ EZK 32 13 n7m4 0 from beside the plentiful waters “in the places where there EZK 32 13 cr7b figs-synecdoche 0 the foot of man will no longer stir the waters up The foot here is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “people will no longer stir the waters up with their feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) EZK 32 13 lvt6 0 stir the waters make clear water muddy EZK 32 13 d8xw figs-metonymy 0 the hooves of cattle stir them The hoof is a synecdoche for cattle. Alternate translation: “cattle stir them with their hooves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 32 14 siz7 0 Then I will calm their waters Possible meanings are (1) “I will make the water calm” or (2) “I will make the water clear.” When no one stirs up the water, the dirt settles down and the water becomes clear. +EZK 32 14 siz7 0 Then I will calm their waters This could mean: (1) “I will make the water calm” or (2) “I will make the water clear.” When no one stirs up the water, the dirt settles down and the water becomes clear. EZK 32 15 viv4 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. EZK 32 15 p2d8 figs-activepassive 0 When I make the land of Egypt an abandoned place This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “When I make the land of Egypt a place where no one is living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 32 15 x25c 0 when the land is made bare of all its fullness “when the country is made to lose all its wealth” @@ -2230,15 +2230,15 @@ EZK 32 15 kg8c figs-metonymy 0 when I attack all the inhabitants in her Here th EZK 32 15 j4jw figs-metaphor 0 in her It was normal in biblical language to represent countries and lands as if they were women. Alternate translation: “in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 32 15 jpw4 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 32 16 lj5g figs-metaphor 0 over her It was normal in biblical language to represent countries and lands as if they were women. Alternate translation: “over it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 32 16 fw4s 0 the daughters of the nations Possible meanings are (1) “the women of other nations” or (2) “people of other nations” +EZK 32 16 fw4s 0 the daughters of the nations This could mean: (1) “the women of other nations” or (2) “people of other nations” EZK 32 16 y6w8 0 over Egypt, over all her multitudes “about Egypt, about all her multitudes” or “about the disaster that happened to Egypt, about the disaster that happened to all her multitudes” EZK 32 17 hbi3 0 Then it happened This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new message. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. -EZK 32 17 mmq4 figs-explicit 0 in the twelfth year Possible meanings are (1) This happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took the Israelites to Babylon or (2) this happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took Jehoiachin to Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +EZK 32 17 mmq4 figs-explicit 0 in the twelfth year This could mean: (1) This happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took the Israelites to Babylon or (2) this happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took Jehoiachin to Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 32 17 aud7 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 32 18 l4kp 0 Son of man “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human” EZK 32 18 uqn6 0 bring them down—her and the daughters of majestic nations God is perhaps telling Ezekiel to cause this to happen by giving a prophetic command. EZK 32 18 x2hj 0 her Once again, the land of Egypt is referred to as a woman. -EZK 32 18 dz2p 0 the daughters of majestic nations Possible meanings are (1) “the people of powerful nations” or (2) “other powerful nations.” +EZK 32 18 dz2p 0 the daughters of majestic nations This could mean: (1) “the people of powerful nations” or (2) “other powerful nations.” EZK 32 18 b9j9 figs-idiom 0 the lowest earth “to the places under the ground.” When people died, they were put in the ground. So “bring them down…to the lowest earth” means “make them die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZK 32 18 map2 0 with those who have gone down to the pit “with everyone else who has died and gone into the ground” EZK 32 18 rhr2 figs-metonymy 0 the pit “The pit” refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:16](../31/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -2264,7 +2264,7 @@ EZK 32 23 qc35 figs-abstractnouns 0 those who brought terror on the land of the EZK 32 23 zb2x figs-metonymy 0 the land of the living This represents the people who were alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 32 24 gi85 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol. EZK 32 24 y3cg figs-metonymy 0 Elam is there Here “Elam” refers to the people of that country. Alternate translation: “The people of Elam are also there in Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -EZK 32 24 h835 0 her multitudes Possible meanings are (1) her many people or (2) her army. +EZK 32 24 h835 0 her multitudes This could mean: (1) her many people or (2) her army. EZK 32 24 h7ns 0 Her graves surround her See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:22](../32/22.md). EZK 32 24 p6nh figs-activepassive 0 all of them were killed This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “Her enemies killed them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 32 24 p8l5 0 Those who fell by the sword Translate “who fell by the sword” as in [Ezekiel 32:23](../32/23.md). @@ -2335,7 +2335,7 @@ EZK 33 9 wyw9 0 will have saved your own life “will have kept yourself alive EZK 33 10 x1yc 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the Israelites. EZK 33 10 s8vg figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 33 10 v348 0 You are saying this “This is what you have said” -EZK 33 10 a75l figs-metaphor 0 Our transgressions and our sins are on us Possible meanings are (1) “on us” is a metaphor that means they feel guilty for their transgressions and sins or (2) “on us” is a metaphor that means they realize that Yahweh is punishing them for their transgressions and sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +EZK 33 10 a75l figs-metaphor 0 Our transgressions and our sins are on us This could mean: (1) “on us” is a metaphor that means they feel guilty for their transgressions and sins or (2) “on us” is a metaphor that means they realize that Yahweh is punishing them for their transgressions and sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 33 10 m2e4 figs-metaphor 0 we are decaying in them “we are rotting away because of them.” Being destroyed because of sin is spoken of as if the person’s flesh were rotting. Alternate translation: “they are destroying us” or “they are killing us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 33 10 w3qz 0 in them “because of them” EZK 33 10 wd7m figs-rquestion 0 How can we live? The people ask this question to emphasize that they have no hope of living. Alternate translation: “We have no hope of living.” or “We will certainly die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -2377,7 +2377,7 @@ EZK 33 22 hm5u figs-idiom 0 my mouth was opened This phrase is an idiom that me EZK 33 22 inm6 0 dawn The word “dawn” refers to the time early in the morning when the light of the sun first appears. EZK 33 22 v9lp 0 I was no longer mute “I was no longer forced to be silent” or “I was no longer unable to speak” Ezekiel had been unable to speak anything except prophetic words since [Ezekiel 3:26](../03/26.md). EZK 33 23 n93e figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EZK 33 24 y4yn 0 those ruins Possible meanings are (1) “those ruined buildings” or (2) “those ruined cities” +EZK 33 24 y4yn 0 those ruins This could mean: (1) “those ruined buildings” or (2) “those ruined cities” EZK 33 24 db2d figs-metaphor 0 he inherited the land Yahweh giving the land to Abraham is spoken of as if Abraham inherited the land. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave him the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 33 24 h1ev 0 the land “the land of Israel” EZK 33 24 x6je figs-activepassive 0 The land has been given to us This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given us the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -2404,11 +2404,11 @@ EZK 33 29 wy3k figs-abstractnouns 0 all the abominations that they have done Th EZK 33 29 f9jn 0 they have done “the people have done” EZK 33 30 gev2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel. EZK 33 30 sm9v 0 that comes out from Yahweh “that Yahweh tells him to speak” or “that Yahweh gives him” -EZK 33 31 pn5s figs-metonymy 0 Right words are in their mouths, but their hearts are going after unjust profit Here “mouths” represent speaking. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “They speak about loving me, but their hearts are going after unjust profit” or (2) Alternate translation: “They speak about the things they lust after, and their hearts are going after unjust profit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +EZK 33 31 pn5s figs-metonymy 0 Right words are in their mouths, but their hearts are going after unjust profit Here “mouths” represent speaking. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “They speak about loving me, but their hearts are going after unjust profit” or (2) Alternate translation: “They speak about the things they lust after, and their hearts are going after unjust profit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 33 31 d3vr figs-metonymy 0 their hearts are going after unjust profit Here “hearts” represents desire. Alternate translation: “in their hearts they want to get their unjust profit” or “they desire to get things in ways that are not just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 33 32 e4kq 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about the people of Israel. EZK 33 32 aks2 figs-metonymy 0 you are like a lovely song to them Here “you” refers to Ezekiel, and here he represents the message he speaks. This compares Ezekiel’s message to a lovely song, which means the people enjoy listening to him, but they do not think his message is important enough to obey. Alternate translation: “they think that your words are like a lovely song” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -EZK 33 32 c4k6 0 a lovely song Possible meanings are (1) “a beautiful song” or (2) “a love song” or “a song about love.” +EZK 33 32 c4k6 0 a lovely song This could mean: (1) “a beautiful song” or (2) “a love song” or “a song about love.” EZK 33 32 ra8c figs-activepassive 0 that is well played on a stringed instrument This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that someone plays very well on a stringed instrument” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 33 32 b8sk 0 stringed instrument something that has strings and people use to make music EZK 33 33 z7bj 0 behold! The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “indeed!” @@ -2426,7 +2426,7 @@ EZK 34 3 xv9g 0 dress in wool “wear the wool from the sheep” EZK 34 3 a41p 0 the fatlings “the youngest and fattest sheep and goats” EZK 34 3 w8nr 0 do not shepherd at all “do not feed and take care of the flock” EZK 34 4 gl47 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the leaders of Israel. Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who have not cared for the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 34 4 f6se 0 have diseases Possible meanings are (1) “are sick” or (2) “are weak” +EZK 34 4 f6se 0 have diseases This could mean: (1) “are sick” or (2) “are weak” EZK 34 4 kdi1 0 You do not bind up the ones who are broken “You do not wrap cloth around the broken bones of those who are wounded” EZK 34 4 n8dd 0 the ones who are broken “the sheep that have broken bones” or “the sheep that are injured” EZK 34 4 jjd3 0 you do not restore “you do not bring back” @@ -2491,7 +2491,7 @@ EZK 34 20 y9ed 0 will judge between the fat sheep and the thin ones “will ma EZK 34 20 r517 figs-metaphor 0 the fat sheep and the thin ones The leaders and strong people in Israel are spoken of as if they were fat and strong animals in the flock. The poor and weak people in Israel are spoken of as if they were the thin and weak animals in the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 34 21 e6ay 0 for you The word “you” refers to the sheep and goats that were not treating other sheep and goats well. EZK 34 21 w19v 0 with your sides “with the sides of your body” -EZK 34 21 kd1v 0 have gored Possible meanings are (1) “have pushed” or “have shoved” (2) “have stabbed” or “have pierced” +EZK 34 21 kd1v 0 have gored This could mean: (1) “have pushed” or “have shoved” (2) “have stabbed” or “have pierced” EZK 34 21 i1u4 0 scattered them “made them go in many different directions” EZK 34 21 x7q3 0 away from the land “away from the land of Israel” EZK 34 22 w1gy figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and of himself as their shepherd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -2541,7 +2541,7 @@ EZK 35 6 ax82 figs-metonymy 0 I will prepare you for bloodshed Here “bloodshe EZK 35 6 rj8w figs-personification 0 bloodshed will pursue you Here “bloodshed” is a metonym for killing. Yahweh speaks of bloodshed as if it were a person who could chase them. Alternate translation: “your enemies will chase you down and kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) EZK 35 6 sr9i figs-metonymy 0 Since you did not hate bloodshed Here “bloodshed” is a metonym for killing. Alternate translation: “Since you did not hate it when enemies brutally killed the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 35 7 a6in 0 General Information: This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom. -EZK 35 7 hhc6 figs-metaphor 0 when I cut off from it anyone who passes through and returns again Possible meanings are (1) “cut off” is a metaphor that means to destroy. Alternate translation: “I will destroy anyone who enters it or leaves it” or (2) “cut off” is a metaphor that means to stop someone from doing something. Alternate translation: “I will make it so that people do not travel back and forth through it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +EZK 35 7 hhc6 figs-metaphor 0 when I cut off from it anyone who passes through and returns again This could mean: (1) “cut off” is a metaphor that means to destroy. Alternate translation: “I will destroy anyone who enters it or leaves it” or (2) “cut off” is a metaphor that means to stop someone from doing something. Alternate translation: “I will make it so that people do not travel back and forth through it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 35 8 wbp9 figs-activepassive 0 those who were killed by the sword Here “sword” represents enemies who fought them in battle. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:17](../31/17.md). Alternate translation: “those whom enemies have killed with swords” or “those who have died in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 35 9 xx8k figs-hyperbole 0 a perpetual desolation “desolate forever.” This may be an exaggeration to emphasize the destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) EZK 35 9 hy7l figs-activepassive 0 Your cities will not be inhabited This can be stated in active form. This may be an exaggeration for emphasis. Alternate translation: “People will not live in your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) @@ -2552,7 +2552,7 @@ EZK 35 10 zmt2 0 these two lands “the lands of Israel and Judah” EZK 35 10 cb3b 0 will become mine The word “mine” can be stated in plural form. Alternate translation: “will become ours” EZK 35 10 we2l 0 we The word “we” refers to the people of Edom. EZK 35 10 dw47 figs-explicit 0 even when Yahweh was present with them It is implied that Yahweh was protecting Israel and Judah. Alternate translation: “but Yahweh was there protecting Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZK 35 11 d51p 0 I will do according to your anger and according to your jealousy Possible meanings are (1) “I will punish you because of your anger and jealousy” or (2) “just as you acted against the people of Israel with anger and jealousy, I will act against you with anger and jealousy.” +EZK 35 11 d51p 0 I will do according to your anger and according to your jealousy This could mean: (1) “I will punish you because of your anger and jealousy” or (2) “just as you acted against the people of Israel with anger and jealousy, I will act against you with anger and jealousy.” EZK 35 12 k1s3 0 General Information: This continues the message that Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir. The message is for all the people of Edom. EZK 35 12 y3tw figs-synecdoche 0 against the mountains of Israel Here “mountains” represents the whole land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) EZK 35 12 wts3 figs-activepassive 0 They have been destroyed This phrase can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They are in ruins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -2562,7 +2562,7 @@ EZK 35 14 rhr8 figs-123person 0 The Lord Yahweh says this This can be stated in EZK 35 14 w5h5 figs-personification 0 I will make you a desolation Here “you” refers to Mount Seir, but the message is for the people of Edom. The abstract noun “desolation” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because of what your people did I will make you desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 35 14 bfc7 figs-metonymy 0 the entire earth rejoices Here “earth” represents the people of the earth. The word “entire” is a generalization that refers only to people near Mount Seir. Alternate translation: “people who know that I have destroyed you rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 35 15 zg6c figs-metaphor 0 As you rejoiced over the inheritance of the people of Israel because of its desolation This speaks of the land that Yahweh gave to the Israelites as their inheritance. Alternate translation: “As you rejoiced when I made the land of the Israelites desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EZK 35 15 et5r 0 I will do the same to you Possible meanings are (1) I will make your land desolate” or (2) “I will rejoice when your land is desolate” or (3) “I will make other people rejoice because of your desolation.” +EZK 35 15 et5r 0 I will do the same to you This could mean: (1) I will make your land desolate” or (2) “I will rejoice when your land is desolate” or (3) “I will make other people rejoice because of your desolation.” EZK 35 15 d1la 0 Then they will know The word “they” possibly refers to (1) “the people of the earth” or (2) “the people of Israel and Judah.” EZK 36 intro i2lt 0 # Ezekiel 36 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel restored<br><br>Israel is promised to be restored by Yahweh. Because of his honor, God will bring Israel back to their land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])<br><br>### New hearts<br><br>God will forgive Israel’s sin and give them the desire to obey him. This is expressed by the metonym “heart.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) EZK 36 1 aj63 0 General Information: Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak a prophecy. Ezekiel is to speak to the mountains of Israel, but the message is for all of the people of Israel. @@ -2664,7 +2664,7 @@ EZK 36 34 g51f figs-metonymy 0 before the eyes of all who pass by The eyes repr EZK 36 35 yki1 0 General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Israel. EZK 36 35 d5pg 0 Then they The word “they” refers to the people who walk through the land of Israel. EZK 36 35 akk1 0 the uninhabited ruins “the ruins that no one lived in” -EZK 36 35 iu1m figs-activepassive 0 that were torn down This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “that enemies had torn down” or (2) Alternate translation: “that people could not get into” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +EZK 36 35 iu1m figs-activepassive 0 that were torn down This can be stated in active form. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “that enemies had torn down” or (2) Alternate translation: “that people could not get into” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 36 35 n817 figs-activepassive 0 are now fortified and inhabited This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people have now rebuilt them and have started living there again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZK 36 36 bq7c 0 that I built up the ruins “and that I built up the cities that enemies had torn down” EZK 36 36 k9l8 0 replanted the abandoned places “planted crops in the desolate land” @@ -2821,7 +2821,7 @@ EZK 39 4 hyu4 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his mess EZK 39 4 cy17 figs-doublet 0 your troops and the soldiers These refer to the same people. It can be stated as a single phrase. Alternate translation: “all your soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) EZK 39 4 z24v figs-metaphor 0 I will give you to the birds of prey and the wild beasts of the fields for food The scavengers eating the corpses is spoken of as if Yahweh was giving food to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EZK 39 5 e2qj figs-123person 0 this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -EZK 39 6 li1j figs-metonymy 0 I will send out fire on Magog Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will send literal fire down on Gog and his army or (2) “fire” is a metonym for the destruction that it causes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +EZK 39 6 li1j figs-metonymy 0 I will send out fire on Magog This could mean: (1) Yahweh will send literal fire down on Gog and his army or (2) “fire” is a metonym for the destruction that it causes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 39 6 f28e 0 Magog This is the name of an ancient nation that probably lived in the land that is now Turkey. Magog might be the ancient nation of Lydia. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 38:2](../38/02.md). EZK 39 6 me83 figs-explicit 0 know that I am Yahweh When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZK 39 7 y4tq 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Gog. @@ -2837,7 +2837,7 @@ EZK 39 10 l3cu 0 will plunder…wanted to plunder Translate “plunder” as i EZK 39 11 r7ks 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh begins to tell Ezekiel what will happen to Gog. EZK 39 11 p4ff 0 it will happen on that day that This signals an important event. If your language has a way for doing this, you could use it here. EZK 39 11 rbw1 0 to the east of the sea A few modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression here as “to the east toward the sea.” -EZK 39 11 tt6m 0 It will block Possible meanings are (1) “The grave will block” or (2) “The dead army will block.” +EZK 39 11 tt6m 0 It will block This could mean: (1) “The grave will block” or (2) “The dead army will block.” EZK 39 11 c37r 0 There they “There the house of Israel” EZK 39 11 atw5 0 They will call it “People will call it” EZK 39 11 w9b9 0 Valley of Hamon Gog “Valley of the Great Army of Gog” @@ -2884,7 +2884,7 @@ EZK 39 25 k972 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a mess EZK 39 25 rb2h 0 will restore the fortunes of Jacob Translate “will restore the fortunes” as in [Ezekiel 16:53](../16/53.md). However, some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression here as “will bring Jacob back from captivity.” EZK 39 25 f9gp figs-metonymy 0 the house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 39 25 q1np 0 act with zeal for my holy name “make sure that they honor me” -EZK 39 26 x3gv 0 they will bear their shame and all the treason Experts do not agree on the meaning of this phrase. Possible meanings are (1) “they will regret their shame and all the treason” or (2) “they will forget their shame and all the treason.” +EZK 39 26 x3gv 0 they will bear their shame and all the treason Experts do not agree on the meaning of this phrase. This could mean: (1) “they will regret their shame and all the treason” or (2) “they will forget their shame and all the treason.” EZK 39 26 mmr5 0 the treason “the unfaithfulness” EZK 39 27 gzg6 figs-metonymy 0 I will show myself to be holy in the sight of many nations Here “sight” is a metonym for understanding. Alternate translation: “many nations will understand that I am holy because of what I did for the house of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZK 39 28 j82j 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel. @@ -2939,7 +2939,7 @@ EZK 40 14 vun1 translate-bdistance 0 sixty cubits about 32 meters (See: [[rc:// EZK 40 14 pp21 0 cubits See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). EZK 40 14 xi48 0 portico This was a covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). EZK 40 15 ahd8 0 fifty cubits about 27 meters -EZK 40 16 rk3m 0 closed windows Possible meanings are (1) “closed windows” or (2) “windows with shutters” or (3) “narrow windows.” +EZK 40 16 rk3m 0 closed windows This could mean: (1) “closed windows” or (2) “windows with shutters” or (3) “narrow windows.” EZK 40 16 tct8 0 likewise for the porches “the porches also had closed windows all around” EZK 40 16 pz45 0 each jamb jambs are the sides of a wooden frame of a door EZK 40 17 hc2u 0 General Information: There were two walls surrounding the temple. The outer wall surrounded the outer courtyard, and within that, the inner wall surrounded the inner courtyard. The inner courtyard was higher than the outer courtyard. Each wall had gates on the east, north, and south sides. @@ -3116,7 +3116,7 @@ EZK 43 2 qi98 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here alerts the reader to pay at EZK 43 2 e4w7 0 many waters This simply means “a lot of water.” It could refer to a loud river or a large waterfall or the waves crashing at the ocean. All of these are very loud. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:24](../01/24.md). EZK 43 2 m5fd 0 the earth shone with his glory “the earth was full of bright light from his glory” EZK 43 3 k5tf 0 It was “The glory of God coming from the east was” -EZK 43 3 bi4l 0 It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw, according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city Possible meanings are (1) the second phrase beginning with “according to” explains the meaning of the first phrase beginning with “according to.” Alternate translation: “It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city” or (2) the first phrase refers to the vision that Ezekiel had just seen of God’s glory. Alternate translation: “The appearance of this vision that I saw was according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city” +EZK 43 3 bi4l 0 It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw, according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city This could mean: (1) the second phrase beginning with “according to” explains the meaning of the first phrase beginning with “according to.” Alternate translation: “It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city” or (2) the first phrase refers to the vision that Ezekiel had just seen of God’s glory. Alternate translation: “The appearance of this vision that I saw was according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city” EZK 43 3 s248 figs-abstractnouns 0 according to the appearance of the vision The abstract noun “appearance” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “just like what appeared in the vision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZK 43 3 f83h 0 according to the vision “like the vision” EZK 43 3 akc5 figs-synecdoche 0 when he had come to destroy the city “when the God of Israel had come to destroy the city.” If the earlier Hebrew reading “when I had come to destroy the city” is used, then “destroy the city” is a synecdoche for “prophesy that the city will be destroyed.” Alternate translation: “when I had come to prophesy that the city will be destroyed” or “when I had come to prophesy that the God of Israel will destroy the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) @@ -3167,7 +3167,7 @@ EZK 44 2 zv5f 0 the God of Israel See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:4] EZK 44 3 pv9b 0 He will enter by way of the gate’s portico and go out the same way He will enter the courtyard through another gate and then sit in the portico of the east gate and eat. EZK 44 3 x28c 0 portico covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. In this case, the portico opens into the courtyard and is between the entrance to the temple and the inside of the gate. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md). EZK 44 3 gk1x 0 before Yahweh “in front of Yahweh” or “in the presence of Yahweh” -EZK 44 4 ztc8 0 Then he Possible meanings are (1) “Then the man” or (2) “Then Yahweh.” +EZK 44 4 ztc8 0 Then he This could mean: (1) “Then the man” or (2) “Then Yahweh.” EZK 44 4 qy4q 0 behold The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. EZK 44 4 r9tj 0 the glory of Yahweh See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md). EZK 44 4 sbu8 figs-idiom 0 I fell to my face “I bowed down to the ground” or “I lay on the ground.” Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/en_tn_27-DAN.tsv b/en_tn_27-DAN.tsv index f07272d2eb..eb53652c41 100644 --- a/en_tn_27-DAN.tsv +++ b/en_tn_27-DAN.tsv @@ -612,8 +612,8 @@ DAN 8 19 v9et figs-explicit 0 the time of wrath This refers to the time when Go DAN 8 19 zif5 0 the appointed time for the end “the time when the world will end” DAN 8 20 bi9v writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represent human rulers and kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) DAN 8 20 zfr2 0 two horns—they are “two horns—they represent” -DAN 8 20 k8n7 figs-metonymy 0 the kings of Media and Persia Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the kings of Media and Persia or (2) this is a metonym in which the kings represents the kingdoms of Media and Persia. Alternate translation: “the kingdoms of Media and Persia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -DAN 8 21 j9y9 figs-metonymy 0 the king of Greece Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the king of Greece or (2) this is a metonym in which the king represents the kingdom of Greece. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of Greece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +DAN 8 20 k8n7 figs-metonymy 0 the kings of Media and Persia This could mean: (1) this refers to the kings of Media and Persia or (2) this is a metonym in which the kings represents the kingdoms of Media and Persia. Alternate translation: “the kingdoms of Media and Persia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +DAN 8 21 j9y9 figs-metonymy 0 the king of Greece This could mean: (1) this refers to the king of Greece or (2) this is a metonym in which the king represents the kingdom of Greece. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of Greece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) DAN 8 21 h37i 0 The large horn between his eyes is “The large horn between his eyes represents” DAN 8 22 j764 writing-symlanguage 0 General Information: In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represented human rulers or kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) DAN 8 22 qtr7 0 As for the horn that was broken…four others arose “Where the large horn was broken off, four others arose” @@ -779,11 +779,11 @@ DAN 11 1 iik8 0 General Information: In Daniel 11:1 through 12:4, the one who DAN 11 1 rm8a figs-explicit 0 In the first year of Darius Darius was the King of the Medes. “The first year” refers to the first year that he was king. Alternate translation: “In the first year of the reign of Darius” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DAN 11 2 eq9g 0 Three kings will arise in Persia “Three kings will rule over Persia” DAN 11 2 ed2c translate-ordinal 0 a fourth will be far richer than all the others “after them a fourth king will come into power who will have more money than the three before him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) -DAN 11 2 dk4x 0 power Possible meanings are (1) authority or (2) military power. +DAN 11 2 dk4x 0 power This could mean: (1) authority or (2) military power. DAN 11 2 e62r 0 he will stir up everyone “he will cause everyone to want to fight” DAN 11 3 y2cv 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel. DAN 11 3 l9xy figs-metaphor 0 A mighty king will rise up The idea of rising up or standing is often used for someone who becomes powerful. Alternate translation: “A mighty king will begin to reign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -DAN 11 3 xg79 0 who will rule a very great kingdom Possible meanings are (1) that the size of this kingdom would be very great, or (2) that the king would rule his kingdom with very great power. +DAN 11 3 xg79 0 who will rule a very great kingdom This could mean: (1) that the size of this kingdom would be very great, or (2) that the king would rule his kingdom with very great power. DAN 11 4 ti9p figs-activepassive 0 his kingdom will be broken and divided This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his kingdom will break apart and divide” or “his kingdom will break apart into pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 11 4 ewb2 0 the four winds of heaven See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:2](../07/02.md). DAN 11 4 v3mc figs-ellipsis 0 but not to his own descendants The idea of not being divided and shared out is implied here. Alternate translation: “but it will not be divided for his own descendants” or “but it will not be shared by his own descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) @@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ DAN 11 20 yg3t 0 General Information: The angel continues speaking to Daniel. DAN 11 20 kdc5 figs-metaphor 0 someone will rise up in his place Rising up in a king’s place represents becoming king in place of the previous king. Alternate translation: “another man will become king of the North instead of that king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DAN 11 20 j9ng figs-explicit 0 will make a tax collector pass through The tax collector will go through the land forcing people to pay taxes. Alternate translation: “will send someone to make the people pay taxes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) DAN 11 20 c17c figs-metaphor 0 he will be broken Here “he” refers to the new king. Being broken represents dying. Alternate translation: “the new king will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -DAN 11 20 j9t5 figs-metaphor 0 but not in anger Possible meanings are (1) no one was angry at the king, or (2) that the occasion and cause of the king’s death were kept secret. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +DAN 11 20 j9t5 figs-metaphor 0 but not in anger This could mean: (1) no one was angry at the king, or (2) that the occasion and cause of the king’s death were kept secret. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) DAN 11 21 jzb9 figs-activepassive 0 a despised person to whom the people will not have given the honor of royal power The people will refuse to acknowledge him as king because he is not a descendant of kings. Alternate translation: “a person whom the people will despise and will not honor as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) DAN 11 22 h918 figs-activepassive 0 An army will be swept away like a flood from before him Being swept away represents being destroyed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “His army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys everything in its path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) DAN 11 22 pp6n figs-activepassive 0 Both that army and the leader of the covenant will be destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will destroy that army and the leader of the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ DAN 11 36 m82m figs-metaphor 0 until the wrath is completed This phrase picture DAN 11 37 swa4 0 the god desirable to women This seems to refer to the pagan god named Tammuz. DAN 11 38 a7fh 0 the god of fortresses The king probably believed that this false god would help him to attack other people’s fortresses and keep his own. Alternate translation: “the god that controls fortresses” DAN 11 38 zdm8 0 instead of these The word “these” refers to the gods mentioned in [Daniel 11:37](../11/37.md). -DAN 11 39 xrm1 0 he will divide up the land as a reward Possible meanings are (1) “he will give the land to his followers as a reward” or (2) “he will sell land to his followers” +DAN 11 39 xrm1 0 he will divide up the land as a reward This could mean: (1) “he will give the land to his followers as a reward” or (2) “he will sell land to his followers” DAN 11 40 tuf1 0 the time of the end “the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md). DAN 11 40 m1zi figs-synecdoche 0 the king of the South…The king of the North These phrases stand for the kings and their armies. Alternate translation: “the king of the South and his army…The king of the North and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) DAN 11 40 r8tv figs-metaphor 0 will storm against him Violently attacking with an army is spoken of as if a storm happened. Alternate translation: “will attack him like a violent storm” or “will violently attack him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -940,7 +940,7 @@ DAN 12 4 krj6 figs-explicit 0 Many will run here and there, and knowledge will DAN 12 5 q8a8 0 General Information: Daniel goes on to tell what he saw next in this vision that began in [Daniel 10:1](../10/01.md). DAN 12 5 mxu1 0 there were two others standing “there were two other angels standing” DAN 12 6 d2x2 figs-activepassive 0 the man clothed in linen This refers to the angel who appeared to Daniel in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md), not to one of the angels who is standing beside the river. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -DAN 12 6 cw1u 0 upstream along the river Possible meanings are (1) the angel clothed in linen was above the river or (2) the angel was further upstream along the river. +DAN 12 6 cw1u 0 upstream along the river This could mean: (1) the angel clothed in linen was above the river or (2) the angel was further upstream along the river. DAN 12 6 x2yz 0 How long will it be to the end of these amazing events? “How long will these amazing events last?” This refers to the time from the beginning to the end of the events. DAN 12 6 g6y7 0 these amazing events At the time when the angel spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11. DAN 12 7 z28b figs-activepassive 0 the man clothed in linen This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/en_tn_28-HOS.tsv b/en_tn_28-HOS.tsv index c84ab214f3..a8079ec75e 100644 --- a/en_tn_28-HOS.tsv +++ b/en_tn_28-HOS.tsv @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ HOS 4 5 a2zy figs-metaphor 0 I will destroy your mother Here “mother” refer HOS 4 6 qhc8 0 General Information: In 4:6, Yahweh is talking to the priests about the people of Israel. But in 4:7, he is talking about the priests, not to them. It is possible for the translator to follow the example of the UST, which portrays Yahweh as talking to the priests also in 4:7. HOS 4 6 pq57 figs-activepassive 0 My people are being destroyed because of the lack of knowledge This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My people are perishing because you, the priests, have not properly taught them about me so that they will obey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) HOS 4 6 j1k4 figs-explicit 0 knowledge Here “knowledge” refers to the knowledge of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -HOS 4 7 g6wy figs-metonymy 0 They exchanged their honor for shame Possible meanings are (1) “honor” is a metonym that represents Yahweh, and “shame” is a metonym that represents idols. Alternate translation: “They have stopped worshiping me, their honorable God, and now worship shameful idols” or (2) some Bible versions translate this as “I will exchange their honor for shame.” This means Yahweh will take away the things which the priests honor and cause the priests to be ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +HOS 4 7 g6wy figs-metonymy 0 They exchanged their honor for shame This could mean: (1) “honor” is a metonym that represents Yahweh, and “shame” is a metonym that represents idols. Alternate translation: “They have stopped worshiping me, their honorable God, and now worship shameful idols” or (2) some Bible versions translate this as “I will exchange their honor for shame.” This means Yahweh will take away the things which the priests honor and cause the priests to be ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) HOS 4 8 j2qz 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking about the priests. HOS 4 8 ajz2 figs-explicit 0 They feed on the sin of my people When people sinned, they would offer sacrifices so God would forgive them. The priests were allowed to eat these sacrifices. The priests eating these sacrifices for sin is spoken of as if they would actually feed on the people’s sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HOS 4 8 e3kk figs-explicit 0 they are greedy for more of their wickedness The priests want the people to sin more so that the people will offer more sacrifices that the priests may eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ HOS 5 4 kub1 0 they do not know Yahweh Israel no longer obeys Yahweh in any wa HOS 5 5 iu6y 0 General Information: Yahweh is talking about Israel. HOS 5 5 rch3 figs-personification 0 The pride of Israel testifies against him This describes “pride” as a person who testifies against the people of Israel in court. Their prideful attitude and behavior show that they are guilty of no longer obeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) HOS 5 5 px3d figs-idiom 0 so Israel and Ephraim will stumble in their guilt; and Judah also will stumble with them The two kingdoms will become completely disobedient to God because of their pride and sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -HOS 5 7 im5k 0 They were unfaithful to Yahweh, for they have borne illegitimate children Possible meanings are (1) this means the Israelites were marrying people from other nations and having children with them or (2) this means the Israelite parents were unfaithful to Yahweh and they were teaching their children to worship idols. +HOS 5 7 im5k 0 They were unfaithful to Yahweh, for they have borne illegitimate children This could mean: (1) this means the Israelites were marrying people from other nations and having children with them or (2) this means the Israelite parents were unfaithful to Yahweh and they were teaching their children to worship idols. HOS 5 7 yu59 figs-personification 0 Now the new moon festivals will devour them with their fields The people of Israel were supposed to celebrate during the new moon. Here this expression seems to describe the new moon festival as a beast that will eat the people and their fields. However, it is hard to interpret this expression; many versions translate it without making much sense of it. However, the overall meaning is certainly that God will punish the people for their unfaithfulness to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) HOS 5 8 uh2c 0 General Information: Yahweh is talking about Israel. HOS 5 8 tj5p figs-doublet 0 Blow the horn in Gibeah, and the trumpet in Ramah Here “horn” and “trumpet” mean the same thing. This command is given to the people of Gibeah and Ramah to emphasize that the enemy is coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) @@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ HOS 6 5 kr95 figs-simile 0 Your decrees are like the light that shines out Here HOS 6 5 vv2v 0 Your decrees “Yahweh’s commands” HOS 6 6 r5ls 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking. HOS 6 6 vj1l 0 For I desire faithfulness and not sacrifice This grammatical construction in Hebrew signals here the idea of “more than,” as the next line shows (“and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings”). Alternate translation: “For I desire faithfulness more than sacrifice” -HOS 6 7 xuu2 figs-metonymy 0 Like Adam Possible meanings are (1) this refers to Adam, the first man or (2) this is a metonym that represents the people who live in a city in Israel called Adam. Alternate translation: “Like the people in the city of Adam” or (3) this refers to people in general. The word “Adam” means “man” or “humankind.” Alternate translation: “Like all of humankind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +HOS 6 7 xuu2 figs-metonymy 0 Like Adam This could mean: (1) this refers to Adam, the first man or (2) this is a metonym that represents the people who live in a city in Israel called Adam. Alternate translation: “Like the people in the city of Adam” or (3) this refers to people in general. The word “Adam” means “man” or “humankind.” Alternate translation: “Like all of humankind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) HOS 6 8 cwt2 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking. HOS 6 8 jyk1 figs-metonymy 0 Gilead is a city…with footprints of blood “Footprints of blood” probably represents the evildoers and their acts of murder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) HOS 6 9 drp6 0 the priests band together to commit murder on the way to Shechem We do not know what this refers to. Were priests actually guilty of attacking people on their way to Shechem, which was an important religious and political center? Or is the prophet saying that the priests have “killed” true knowledge and worship of Yahweh? It is best to translate this expression as plainly as possible. @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ HOS 8 1 tc1q figs-metaphor 0 broken my covenant Here “broken” represents HOS 8 2 hq2r 0 know you “are faithful to you” HOS 8 4 hqd2 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking. HOS 8 4 h5ag figs-activepassive 0 but it was only so they might be cut off This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but the result will be that I will destroy the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -HOS 8 5 p53a figs-123person 0 Your calf has been rejected Possible meanings are (1) this is the prophet speaking. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has rejected your calf” or (2) Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: “I myself have rejected your calf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) +HOS 8 5 p53a figs-123person 0 Your calf has been rejected This could mean: (1) this is the prophet speaking. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has rejected your calf” or (2) Yahweh is speaking. Alternate translation: “I myself have rejected your calf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) HOS 8 5 xu7a figs-metonymy 0 Your calf The people worshiped an idol that looked like a calf, so Yahweh is speaking of their worship as if it were the calf itself. Alternate translation: “Because you worship your calf idol, your worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) HOS 8 5 k9n8 figs-metaphor 0 My anger is burning against these people Anger is often spoken of as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: “I am very angry with these people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HOS 8 5 xq3d figs-rquestion 0 For how long will they stay guilty? Yahweh asks this question to express his anger about his people being impure. “I am angry with these people because they have no desire to be innocent.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ HOS 9 6 ks54 figs-doublet 0 sharp briers will possess them, and thorns will fil HOS 9 6 huq9 figs-metonymy 0 their tents Here “tents” represents the Israelites’ homes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) HOS 9 7 j1km 0 General Information: Hosea the prophet is speaking. HOS 9 7 g5su figs-parallelism 0 The days for punishment are coming; the days for retribution are coming Hosea says these two similar phrases to emphasize that Yahweh will soon judge the people of Israel for their evil deeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -HOS 9 7 k43u figs-parallelism 0 The prophet is a fool, and the inspired man is insane These phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are (1) that the people regarded the prophets as madmen or (2) that the prophets had become crazy because of the sins that the people had committed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +HOS 9 7 k43u figs-parallelism 0 The prophet is a fool, and the inspired man is insane These phrases mean basically the same thing. This could mean: (1) that the people regarded the prophets as madmen or (2) that the prophets had become crazy because of the sins that the people had committed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) HOS 9 7 ns2q figs-doublet 0 The prophet is a fool, and the inspired man is insane Here “prophet” and “inspired man” both mean a person who claims to receive messages from God. It is implied that these people are false prophets and only thought they received messages from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) HOS 9 7 dpe1 figs-doublet 0 because of your great iniquity and great hostility The phrases “great iniquity” and “great hostility” share similar meanings. The iniquity of the people manifested itself in hostility towards Yahweh and his prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) HOS 9 8 s6hc 0 General Information: Hosea the prophet is speaking. @@ -414,8 +414,8 @@ HOS 12 8 bm7n figs-parallelism 0 I have certainly become very rich; I have foun HOS 12 8 p9bb figs-metaphor 0 I have found wealth Becoming wealthy by trading is spoken of as finding wealth. Alternate translation: “I have made much money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HOS 12 8 p94j figs-doublet 0 they will not find any iniquity in me, anything that would be sin These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the people of Ephraim consider themselves to be blameless. Learning that someone has sinned is spoken of as finding sin in that person. Alternate translation: “they will not discover that I have done anything sinful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HOS 12 9 p92t 0 General Information: Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. -HOS 12 9 a7dd 0 I am Yahweh your God from the land of Egypt Possible meanings are (1) “I am Yahweh your God, who brought your ancestors from the land of Egypt” or (2) “I have been your God ever since you were in the land of Egypt” or (3) “I became your God when you were in the land of Egypt” -HOS 12 9 g5yk figs-metonymy 0 I will again make you live in tents Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh is threatening to force the people of Israel from their homes and make them live in tents. So, here to “live in tents” would represent being sent into exile, or (2) it is a promise that after their exile the people will live in tents again, and Yahweh will take care of them as he did when the Israelites left Egypt. So, here “to live in tents” would represent a return to an ideal situation when Yahweh took care of his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +HOS 12 9 a7dd 0 I am Yahweh your God from the land of Egypt This could mean: (1) “I am Yahweh your God, who brought your ancestors from the land of Egypt” or (2) “I have been your God ever since you were in the land of Egypt” or (3) “I became your God when you were in the land of Egypt” +HOS 12 9 g5yk figs-metonymy 0 I will again make you live in tents This could mean: (1) Yahweh is threatening to force the people of Israel from their homes and make them live in tents. So, here to “live in tents” would represent being sent into exile, or (2) it is a promise that after their exile the people will live in tents again, and Yahweh will take care of them as he did when the Israelites left Egypt. So, here “to live in tents” would represent a return to an ideal situation when Yahweh took care of his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) HOS 12 10 q6ni figs-synecdoche 0 By the hand of the prophets Here “hand” represents the one who carries out an action. Alternate translation: “Through the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) HOS 12 11 kqj8 0 General Information: Hosea the prophet is speaking. HOS 12 11 h73r figs-simile 0 their altars will be like heaps of stone in the furrows of the fields The altars where the people worshiped will be thrown down and become piles of stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) diff --git a/en_tn_29-JOL.tsv b/en_tn_29-JOL.tsv index 80c4ef75b2..0d30ed6e24 100644 --- a/en_tn_29-JOL.tsv +++ b/en_tn_29-JOL.tsv @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ JOL 3 10 epv7 וּמַזְמְרֹֽתֵיכֶ֖ם 1 pruning knives knive JOL 3 11 iq6r 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. JOL 3 11 rp2a figs-irony ע֣וּשׁוּ וָבֹ֧אוּ כָֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֛ם מִסָּבִ֖יב וְנִקְבָּ֑צוּ שָׁ֕מָּה 1 Hurry and come…together there These words continue the ironic call to battle that begins in [Joel 3:9](../03/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) JOL 3 11 p5mc figs-explicit וְנִקְבָּ֑צוּ 1 gather yourselves together The purpose of the gathering is for battle. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “gather yourselves together for battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -JOL 3 11 e3ig הַֽנְחַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה גִּבּוֹרֶֽיךָ 1 Yahweh, bring down your mighty warriors Possible meanings are (1) Joel is telling the people of Judah that this is what they are to “proclaim among the nations” ([Joel 3:9](../03/09.md)) or (2) Joel interrupts the words of Yahweh and prays a short prayer. +JOL 3 11 e3ig הַֽנְחַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה גִּבּוֹרֶֽיךָ 1 Yahweh, bring down your mighty warriors This could mean: (1) Joel is telling the people of Judah that this is what they are to “proclaim among the nations” ([Joel 3:9](../03/09.md)) or (2) Joel interrupts the words of Yahweh and prays a short prayer. JOL 3 12 b1jw 0 General Information: Yahweh finishes the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. JOL 3 12 ul2y הַגּוֹיִ֔ם…אֶת־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם מִסָּבִֽיב 1 Let the nations wake themselves…all the surrounding nations The words “the nations” and “the surrounding nations” refer to the same nations, those that surround Judah. Yahweh will judge them in the Valley of Jehoshaphat for what they have done to Jerusalem. JOL 3 12 pq55 עֵ֖מֶק יְהֽוֹשָׁפָ֑ט 1 Valley of Jehoshaphat Jehoshaphat, whose name means “Yahweh judges,” was king of Judah before Joel lived. There is no known place with this name. It would be best to translate this as the name of a valley that people named after the man Jehoshaphat. See how you translated this in [Joel 3:2](../03/02.md). @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ JOL 3 14 r3ir בְּעֵ֖מֶק הֶֽחָר֑וּץ…בְּעֵ֖מ JOL 3 14 fq2i figs-abstractnouns בְּעֵ֖מֶק הֶֽחָר֑וּץ 1 Valley of Judgment There is no known place with this name. The abstract noun “judgment” can be translated using the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “Valley Where Yahweh Judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOL 3 16 fj29 1 General Information: Yahweh begins speaking in verse 17. JOL 3 16 fe1r figs-parallelism וַיהוָ֞ה מִצִּיּ֣וֹן יִשְׁאָ֗ג וּמִירוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ יִתֵּ֣ן קוֹל֔וֹ 1 Yahweh will roar from Zion, and raise his voice from Jerusalem Both phrases mean Yahweh will shout with a loud, clear and powerful voice from Jerusalem. If your language only has one word for speaking very loudly, this can be used as one phrase. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will shout from Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -JOL 3 16 yr8u figs-metaphor וַיהוָ֞ה…יִשְׁאָ֗ג 1 Yahweh will roar Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh will roar like a lion” or (2) “Yahweh will roar like thunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JOL 3 16 yr8u figs-metaphor וַיהוָ֞ה…יִשְׁאָ֗ג 1 Yahweh will roar This could mean: (1) “Yahweh will roar like a lion” or (2) “Yahweh will roar like thunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOL 3 16 lf34 figs-hyperbole וְרָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמַ֣יִם וָאָ֑רֶץ 1 The heavens and earth will shake Joel speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were people who are shaking with fear. This can be translated as either a hyperbole, that Yahweh’s roar is so frightening that even things that are not alive are afraid, or as metonymy, that the heavens and earth are metonyms for the beings who live there. Alternate translation: “Everyone in the heavens and on the earth is very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOL 3 16 vd5q וְרָעֲשׁ֖וּ 1 will shake This word is the past form of the word translated “tremble” in [Joel 2:10](../02/10.md). JOL 3 16 lr5v figs-metaphor וַֽיהוָה֙ מַֽחֲסֶ֣ה לְעַמּ֔וֹ וּמָע֖וֹז לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Yahweh will be a shelter for his people, and a fortress for the people of Israel Both of these phrases mean Yahweh will protect his people. A fortress is a strong shelter used to protect people during war. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will be a strong fortress for his people, the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) diff --git a/en_tn_30-AMO.tsv b/en_tn_30-AMO.tsv index 4c192b61fe..181f536067 100644 --- a/en_tn_30-AMO.tsv +++ b/en_tn_30-AMO.tsv @@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ AMO 1 4 ik4f figs-metaphor 0 it will devour the fortresses of Ben Hadad Here Ya AMO 1 4 yi4i translate-names 0 Hazael…Ben Hadad These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) AMO 1 5 mq54 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message of judgment on Damascus. AMO 1 5 j6ku figs-metaphor 0 cut off the man Here to “cut off” means either to destroy or to drive away, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “destroy the man” or “drive away the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -AMO 1 5 na9l translate-names 0 Valley of Aven This is the name of a place that means “valley of wickedness.” Possible meanings are (1) this is the name of an actual place in that region or (2) this is a metonym for Damascus or the surrounding region. Alternate translation: “the valley of wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +AMO 1 5 na9l translate-names 0 Valley of Aven This is the name of a place that means “valley of wickedness.” This could mean: (1) this is the name of an actual place in that region or (2) this is a metonym for Damascus or the surrounding region. Alternate translation: “the valley of wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 1 5 aji7 figs-metonymy 0 the man who holds the scepter in This is a metonym for the ruler of that city or region. Alternate translation: “the ruler of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AMO 1 5 q6cf translate-names 0 Beth Eden This is the name of a place that means “house of pleasure.” Possible meanings are (1) this is the name of an actual place in that region or (2) this is another metonym for Damascus or the surrounding region. Alternate translation: “the house of pleasure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +AMO 1 5 q6cf translate-names 0 Beth Eden This is the name of a place that means “house of pleasure.” This could mean: (1) this is the name of an actual place in that region or (2) this is another metonym for Damascus or the surrounding region. Alternate translation: “the house of pleasure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 1 5 zgv6 translate-names 0 Kir This is the name of a region from which the people of Aram originally came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) AMO 1 6 wc1b 0 For three sins of…even for four This is a poetic device. It does not mean that a specific number of sins had been committed, but it indicates that many sins had led to God’s judgment. See how you translated these words in [Amos 1:3](../01/03.md). AMO 1 6 ir17 figs-metonymy 0 Gaza Here “Gaza” represents the people of the region of Gaza. Alternate translation: “the people of Gaza” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ AMO 2 14 x39h figs-nominaladj 0 The swift…the strong…the mighty These adjec AMO 2 15 pt37 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message of judgment on the people of Israel. AMO 2 15 qs5b 0 The archer will not stand Here “stand” means to keep one’s place in battle. AMO 2 15 q2w6 figs-explicit 0 the fast runner will not escape The implied information is that the fast runner will not escape from his enemies. Alternate translation: “the fast runner will be captured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AMO 2 16 c22v figs-metonymy 0 flee naked Possible meanings are (1) this is a metonym for “run away without his weapons” or (2) this is meant literally as “run away wearing no clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +AMO 2 16 c22v figs-metonymy 0 flee naked This could mean: (1) this is a metonym for “run away without his weapons” or (2) this is meant literally as “run away wearing no clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 2 16 i9l6 0 in that day “at that time” AMO 2 16 szp1 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Amos 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) AMO 3 intro gtz5 0 # Amos 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Amos continues to use poetic form in this chapter to prophesy the disaster coming to the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>This chapter begins with a number of rhetorical questions. The last question provides the reader with some answers: “Yahweh has certainly spoken through his prophets. So listen to them.” The answer to these rhetorical questions have the expected response of “no” because they are things that are not expected to happen. The writer is helping the reader to conclude that God uses the prophets to speak his message. @@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ AMO 4 4 l9eu 0 General Information: God gives several commands in verse 4, but AMO 4 4 sca9 0 Connecting Statement: God continues to speak to the people of Israel. AMO 4 4 plw6 figs-irony 0 Go to Bethel and sin, to Gilgal and multiply sin People would go to Bethel and Gilgal to make sacrifices to God, but they kept sinning anyway. God makes these commands to show that he is angry with them for doing these things. These commands can be expressed as statements. Alternate translation: “You go to Bethel to worship, but you sin. You go to Gilgal to worship, but you sin even more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) AMO 4 4 rpw1 figs-irony 0 bring your sacrifices…every three days God makes these commands in order to show the people that he is angry that even though they do these things, they continue to sin against him in other ways. These commands can be expressed as statements. Alternate translation: “You bring your sacrifices…every three days, but it does you no good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -AMO 4 4 nz43 0 every three days Possible meanings are (1) on the third day or (2) every third day. Some versions have “every three years,” because the Israelites were supposed to bring their tithes to God once every three years. +AMO 4 4 nz43 0 every three days This could mean: (1) on the third day or (2) every third day. Some versions have “every three years,” because the Israelites were supposed to bring their tithes to God once every three years. AMO 4 5 uc1y figs-irony 0 Offer a thanksgiving sacrifice…proclaim freewill offerings; announce them, for this pleases God makes these commands in order to show the people that even though they do these things, he is angry because they continue to sin against him in other ways. Use the form in your language that shows that they will do these things no matter what Yahweh says, but these things will do them no good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) AMO 4 5 m5ne 0 announce them “boast about them” AMO 4 5 xk7i figs-explicit 0 for this pleases you, you people of Israel Yahweh rebukes them for being proud about their offerings and sacrifices. They think that God should be pleased with them, but he is not. Alternate translation: “for this pleases you, you people of Israel. But it does not please me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ AMO 4 11 cjh1 figs-metaphor 0 You were like a burning stick snatched out of the AMO 4 12 bg4y 0 Connecting Statement: God continues to speak to the people of Israel. AMO 4 12 p5ze figs-123person 0 prepare to meet your God God says this to warn the people of Israel that he will judge them. Alternate translation: “prepare to meet me, your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) AMO 4 13 krg8 figs-123person 0 he who forms the mountains…reveals his thoughts…is his name It is not clear whether Amos is speaking about God, or God is speaking about himself. If God is speaking about himself, it can be translated with the words “I” and “me.” Alternate translation: “I who form the mountains…reveal my thoughts…is my name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -AMO 4 13 n7pa 0 makes the morning darkness Possible meanings are (1) God causes the day to be very dark with thick clouds. Alternate translation: “makes the morning dark” or (2) God causes time to pass, so every day becomes night. Alternate translation: “makes morning and evening” +AMO 4 13 n7pa 0 makes the morning darkness This could mean: (1) God causes the day to be very dark with thick clouds. Alternate translation: “makes the morning dark” or (2) God causes time to pass, so every day becomes night. Alternate translation: “makes morning and evening” AMO 4 13 s3jv figs-metaphor 0 treads on the high places of the earth God ruling over all the earth is spoken of as if he walks on the highest places of the earth. Alternate translation: “rules over all the earth” or “rules over even the highest places of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) AMO 4 13 sha6 0 Yahweh, God of hosts, is his name By declaring his full name, Yahweh is declaring his power and authority to do these things. Your language may have a way for people to do this. AMO 5 intro w1eh 0 # Amos 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues to be written in a poetic format and foretells the destruction of the kingdom of Israel.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Place Names<br>This chapter refers to various places in land of Israel (i.e. Gilgal, Bethel, Beersheba). Normally these places have good connotations, but here they are referred to negatively. This is most likely because these cities became known for their idol worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### City gate<br>The “city gate” is mentioned several times. This was a place where people would go with legal and financial issues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ AMO 5 21 f4xx 0 I take no delight in your solemn assemblies “Your solemn ass AMO 5 23 i5jv figs-metaphor 0 Remove from me the noise of your songs This speaks of the noise of songs as if it could be put somewhere else. It represents stopping singing. Alternate translation: “Stop singing your noisy songs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) AMO 5 23 es63 0 noise unpleasant sounds AMO 5 24 nn21 figs-simile 0 let justice flow like water, and righteousness like a constantly flowing stream This represents causing there to be much justice and righteous. Alternate translation: “let there be so much justice that it is like flowing water, and let there be so much righteousness that it is like a constantly flowing stream” or “let justice abound like a flood, and let righteousness abound like a stream that never stops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -AMO 5 25 a3v7 figs-rquestion 0 Did you bring me sacrifices…Israel? Possible meanings are (1) God uses this question to rebuke them because they did not offer sacrifices. Alternate translation: “You did not bring me sacrifices…Israel.” or (2) God uses this question to remind them that the sacrifices were not the most important part about their relationship. Alternate translation: “You did not have to bring me sacrifices…Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +AMO 5 25 a3v7 figs-rquestion 0 Did you bring me sacrifices…Israel? This could mean: (1) God uses this question to rebuke them because they did not offer sacrifices. Alternate translation: “You did not bring me sacrifices…Israel.” or (2) God uses this question to remind them that the sacrifices were not the most important part about their relationship. Alternate translation: “You did not have to bring me sacrifices…Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) AMO 5 25 ye8l figs-metonymy 0 Did you bring God speaks as though the Israelites he is speaking to were part of the group that wandered in the wilderness. Alternate translation: “Did your ancestors bring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 5 25 fma5 figs-metonymy 0 house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated it in [Amos 5:1](../05/01.md). Alternate translation: “you people of Israel” or “you Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 5 26 qnx9 figs-metonymy 0 You have lifted up the images of Sikkuth…and Kaiwan Here “lifted up the images” represents worshiping them. Alternate translation: “You have worshiped the images of Sikkuth…and Kaiwan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ AMO 6 4 nte4 0 beds of ivory “beds decorated with ivory” or “costly beds AMO 6 4 hge8 translate-unknown 0 ivory a white substance made from the teeth and horns of large animals (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) AMO 6 4 iy9i 0 lounge lie around like lazy people AMO 6 4 t9gg 0 couches soft seats large enough to lie down on -AMO 6 5 x1kv 0 they improvise on instruments Possible meanings: (1) they invent new songs and ways of playing the instruments or (2) they invent new instruments. +AMO 6 5 x1kv 0 they improvise on instruments This could mean: (1) they invent new songs and ways of playing the instruments or (2) they invent new instruments. AMO 6 6 wq23 figs-explicit 0 drink wine from bowls This implies that they drink a lot of wine because they drink it from a large bowl rather than a regular wine cup. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) AMO 6 6 dxk5 figs-metonymy 0 they do not grieve over the ruin of Joseph Here “Joseph” represents his descendants. Alternate translation: “they do not grieve about the descendants of Joseph whom enemies will soon destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 6 7 p1et 0 they will now go into exile with the first exiles “they will be among the first ones to go into exile” or “I will send them into exile first” @@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ AMO 6 8 l8fw figs-metonymy 0 I detest the pride of Jacob Here “Jacob” repre AMO 6 8 n646 figs-explicit 0 I hate his fortresses It is implied that Yahweh hates the fortresses because the people believed the fortresses would keep them safe. Alternate translation: “I hate the people of Israel because they trust in their fortresses, not in me, to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) AMO 6 9 y9m6 figs-hypo 0 General Information: In 6:9-10 Amos describes a hypothetical situation of what it will be like when Yahweh hands the people of Israel over to their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) AMO 6 9 rz49 figs-explicit 0 if there are ten men left in one house, they will all die This seems to imply that something terrible is happening, and these ten men go into the house to hide. Alternate translation: “if ten men are hiding inside of a house, they will all still die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -AMO 6 10 s8i5 0 a man’s relative comes to take their bodies up—the one who is to cremate them after bringing the corpses out of the house—if he says to the person in the house, “Is…you?” The meaning of these words is not clear. Possible meanings are (1) the “man’s relative” is the one who will “take their bodies up” and “cremate…the corpses,” and he speaks to a person who hid in the house after the ten family members died or (2) the “man’s relative” who “comes to take their bodies up” is a different person from “the one who is to cremate…the corpses,” and they talk to each other in the house. Alternate translation: “a man’s relative comes to take their bodies up, and the one who will burn the corpses after they have been brought out of the house is with him—if while they are in the house the relative says to the burner of the corpses, ‘Is…you?’” +AMO 6 10 s8i5 0 a man’s relative comes to take their bodies up—the one who is to cremate them after bringing the corpses out of the house—if he says to the person in the house, “Is…you?” The meaning of these words is not clear. This could mean: (1) the “man’s relative” is the one who will “take their bodies up” and “cremate…the corpses,” and he speaks to a person who hid in the house after the ten family members died or (2) the “man’s relative” who “comes to take their bodies up” is a different person from “the one who is to cremate…the corpses,” and they talk to each other in the house. Alternate translation: “a man’s relative comes to take their bodies up, and the one who will burn the corpses after they have been brought out of the house is with him—if while they are in the house the relative says to the burner of the corpses, ‘Is…you?’” AMO 6 10 v4gf 0 cremate to burn a dead body AMO 6 10 e57y 0 bringing the corpses “bringing the dead bodies” AMO 6 10 qj51 figs-explicit 0 Then he will say, “Be quiet, for we must not mention Yahweh’s name.” The meaning of this is not clear. It seems to imply that the one who asked the question is afraid the one answering will mention Yahweh’s name carelessly. If he does this, it may draw Yahweh’s attention to them, and he may kill them too. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ AMO 7 8 t5nq figs-metaphor 0 I will put a plumb line among my people Israel Jud AMO 7 9 j2t3 figs-metonymy 0 The high places of Isaac will be destroyed, the sanctuaries of Israel will be ruined, and I will rise against the house of Jeroboam with the sword Here “sword” represents an army. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will send an army to attack the house of Jeroboam, and the army will destroy the high places of Isaac and the sanctuaries of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) AMO 7 9 u5md figs-metonymy 0 Isaac…Israel Both of these represent the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Isaac…the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 7 9 g5em figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jeroboam Here “house” represents “family.” Translate “Jeroboam” as you did in [Amos 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “Jeroboam and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -AMO 7 10 g3gt 0 Amaziah, the priest of Bethel Possible meanings: (1) Amaziah was the only priest at Bethel or (2) Amaziah was the leader of the priests at Bethel. +AMO 7 10 g3gt 0 Amaziah, the priest of Bethel This could mean: (1) Amaziah was the only priest at Bethel or (2) Amaziah was the leader of the priests at Bethel. AMO 7 10 wue4 translate-names 0 Amaziah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) AMO 7 10 xez3 figs-metonymy 0 Amos has conspired against you in the middle of the house of Israel Here “house” represents “people.” Alternate translation: “Amos is right here among the Israelites, and he is planning to do bad things to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AMO 7 10 zcx9 figs-metonymy 0 The land cannot bear all his words Here “land” represents “people.” Disrupting the peace is spoken of as if Amos’s words were a heavy object that the land could not carry. Alternate translation: “What his is saying disturb the peace among the people” or “His message will cause trouble among the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ AMO 8 1 m4g1 0 Look, a basket of summer fruit! The word “look” here shows AMO 8 1 i65f 0 summer fruit “ripe fruit” AMO 8 2 ixx6 figs-rquestion 0 What do you see, Amos? Yahweh uses a question to teach Amos. Alternate translation: “Tell me what you see, Amos.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) AMO 8 3 y5rl 0 in that day “at that time” -AMO 8 3 zv6m 0 Silence! Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh is to telling the people to be silent as they hear about the severity of his punishment or (2) the people will be silent because of their grief after Yahweh’s punishment. +AMO 8 3 zv6m 0 Silence! This could mean: (1) Yahweh is to telling the people to be silent as they hear about the severity of his punishment or (2) the people will be silent because of their grief after Yahweh’s punishment. AMO 8 4 jya8 0 Listen to this Amos is speaking to the wealthy merchants who harm those who are poor. AMO 8 4 sm8z figs-nominaladj 0 you who trample the needy and remove the poor of the land This can be restated to remove the nominal adjectives “the needy” and “the poor.” Alternate translation: “you who trample those who are in need and remove those in the land that are poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) AMO 8 4 jhz4 figs-metaphor 0 you who trample Harming people is spoken of as if it were stomping on people. Alternate translation: “you who harm” or “you who oppress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/en_tn_32-JON.tsv b/en_tn_32-JON.tsv index 1deb53d047..25e8245bf8 100644 --- a/en_tn_32-JON.tsv +++ b/en_tn_32-JON.tsv @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ JON 2 5 ca31 עַד־נֶ֔פֶשׁ 1 even as far as life Here the Hebrew term JON 2 5 nr3v תְּה֖וֹם יְסֹבְבֵ֑נִי 1 the deep was surrounding me “deep water was all around me” JON 2 5 p1fw ס֖וּף 1 seaweed **Seaweed** is grass that grows in the sea. JON 2 6 z36i figs-metaphor הָאָ֛רֶץ בְּרִחֶ֥יהָ בַעֲדִ֖י לְעוֹלָ֑ם 1 the earth with its bars was around me forever Here Jonah uses a metaphor to compare the earth to a prison. Alternate translation: “the earth was like a prison that was about to lock me in forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JON 2 6 dc3r figs-metaphor וַתַּ֧עַל מִשַּׁ֛חַת חַיַּ֖י 1 but you brought up my life from the pit Here the term **pit** has two possible meanings: (1) this could be a way to describe being in a very deep place underground or underwater or (2) this could be a metaphor meaning the place of the dead (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). In either case, the term probably refers to the fact that Jonah felt certain that he would die. Alternate translation: “but you saved me from dying in a deep place” or “but you saved my life from the place of the dead” +JON 2 6 dc3r figs-metaphor וַתַּ֧עַל מִשַּׁ֛חַת חַיַּ֖י 1 but you brought up my life from the pit Here the term **pit** has two This could mean: (1) this could be a way to describe being in a very deep place underground or underwater or (2) this could be a metaphor meaning the place of the dead (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). In either case, the term probably refers to the fact that Jonah felt certain that he would die. Alternate translation: “but you saved me from dying in a deep place” or “but you saved my life from the place of the dead” JON 2 6 i3mx יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽי 1 Yahweh, my God! In some languages, it may be more natural to put this at the beginning of the sentence or next to the word “you.” JON 2 7 jdr6 grammar-connect-time-simultaneous בְּהִתְעַטֵּ֤ף עָלַי֙ נַפְשִׁ֔י 1 When my spirit fainted upon me, This phrase could mean either: (1) Jonah was already in the process of dying when he remembered Yahweh; or (2) Jonah had given up hope of being rescued and resigned himself to the fact that he would die. Alternate translation: “when my life was fainting away from me” or “when my spirit inside me had fainted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]]) JON 2 7 l2b6 אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה זָכָ֑רְתִּי 1 I remembered Yahweh Since Jonah was praying to Yahweh, it might be more clear in some languages to say “I thought about you, Yahweh” or “Yahweh, I thought about you.” @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ JON 3 3 g4nk figs-metonymy כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה 1 the word of Ya JON 3 3 dt1b writing-background וְנִֽינְוֵ֗ה הָיְתָ֤ה עִיר־גְּדוֹלָה֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים מַהֲלַ֖ךְ שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים 1 Now Nineveh was a great city to Gpd, a journey of three days This sentence gives background information about the city of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) JON 3 3 jd8r figs-idiom עִיר־גְּדוֹלָה֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים 1 a great city to God This is an idiom meaning that the city is both extremely large and one of the largest cities in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JON 3 3 ye82 figs-idiom מַהֲלַ֖ךְ שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים 1 a journey of three days This appears to mean that a person had to walk for three days to completely go through it from one side of the city to the opposite side. It could also mean that it took three days to see the whole city. Alternate translation: “a city so large that it would take a person three days to walk through it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -JON 3 4 r2al וַיָּ֤חֶל יוֹנָה֙ לָב֣וֹא בָעִ֔יר מַהֲלַ֖ךְ י֣וֹם אֶחָ֑ד וַיִּקְרָא֙ 1 So Jonah began to go into the city a journey of one day, and he called out This phrase has two possible meanings: (1) Jonah walked a day’s journey into the city, then he started calling out; or (2) while Jonah was walking through the city on the first day, he started calling out. +JON 3 4 r2al וַיָּ֤חֶל יוֹנָה֙ לָב֣וֹא בָעִ֔יר מַהֲלַ֖ךְ י֣וֹם אֶחָ֑ד וַיִּקְרָא֙ 1 So Jonah began to go into the city a journey of one day, and he called out This phrase has two This could mean: (1) Jonah walked a day’s journey into the city, then he started calling out; or (2) while Jonah was walking through the city on the first day, he started calling out. JON 3 4 r94k וַיִּקְרָא֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר 1 and he called out and said “and he proclaimed” or “and he shouted” JON 3 4 ab78 ע֚וֹד אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם 1 Until 40 days “after 40 days” or “in 40 days” or “there remain 40 days, and” JON 3 4 q2nc translate-numbers אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם 1 40 days **forty days** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) diff --git a/en_tn_33-MIC.tsv b/en_tn_33-MIC.tsv index f8c6682b72..bace067d70 100644 --- a/en_tn_33-MIC.tsv +++ b/en_tn_33-MIC.tsv @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ MIC 1 14 k4w1 0 Akzib You may want to add a footnote saying “The name of thi MIC 1 15 xs9b 0 I will again bring Here “I” refers to Yahweh. MIC 1 15 vu14 translate-names 0 Mareshah You may want to make a footnote saying, “The name of this village sounds like the Hebrew word for ‘conqueror.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) MIC 1 15 wh3u translate-names 0 Adullam This is the name of a royal city in Philistia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -MIC 1 16 i5ub translate-symaction 0 Shave your head and cut off your hair Israelites who were mourning would shave bald spots on their heads. Possible meanings are (1) “Shave larger spots than usual on your heads” or (2) “Cut off all your hair and shave your heads,” stating the events in the order in which they were to occur. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +MIC 1 16 i5ub translate-symaction 0 Shave your head and cut off your hair Israelites who were mourning would shave bald spots on their heads. This could mean: (1) “Shave larger spots than usual on your heads” or (2) “Cut off all your hair and shave your heads,” stating the events in the order in which they were to occur. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) MIC 1 16 nb8x 0 eagles This word can also be translated “vultures.” MIC 2 intro jy29 0 # Micah 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues using poetic forms in communicating that people who take advantage of others are guilty of sin and injustice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>### Context<br>Micah does not frequently explain the historical context of his prophecies. This may result in the translator failing to understand implicit information. Additional research may be needed regarding the time period of Micah’s ministry. Therefore, translators have a good understanding of the history of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) MIC 2 1 c11k 0 General Information: Micah speaks against the leaders in Israel who are taking advantage of the poor and not following God’s commands. @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ MIC 2 4 t7xt 0 sing a song about you “sing a song to make fun of you” MIC 2 4 ymz1 figs-irony 0 lament with a wailing lamentation “they will cry loudly.” They are pretending to mourn, as if those they love have died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) MIC 2 4 frk2 figs-irony 0 We Israelites…to traitors This is the song that the enemies will sing to make fun of the Israelites and laugh as the Israelites suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) MIC 2 4 hz57 figs-rquestion 0 How can he remove it from me? The enemy mocks the surprise the rich leaders of Israel feel because God has taken their land and given it to someone else just as they had taken the land from the poor. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “How wrong he is to take it from me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -MIC 2 5 rnf9 0 Therefore, you rich people will have no descendants to divide up the territory by lot in the assembly of Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) Micah looks forward to a time after the exile when those who return will divide up the land or (2) he is speaking of a custom of his time when the tribe or clan would divide up their land and give it to individuals. +MIC 2 5 rnf9 0 Therefore, you rich people will have no descendants to divide up the territory by lot in the assembly of Yahweh This could mean: (1) Micah looks forward to a time after the exile when those who return will divide up the land or (2) he is speaking of a custom of his time when the tribe or clan would divide up their land and give it to individuals. MIC 2 6 eli9 0 General Information: Micah speaks to false prophets, as well as to the rich who have abused their power. MIC 2 6 a888 figs-you 0 Do not prophesy The speakers are speaking to Micah and to others, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) MIC 2 6 iph5 0 they say “the people of Israel say” @@ -74,10 +74,10 @@ MIC 2 6 nl1s 0 They must not prophesy “The prophets must not prophesy” MIC 2 6 dqe6 figs-metaphor 0 reproaches must not come Reproach is spoken of as if it were a robber chasing a person. It can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “we will not allow you to reproach us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) MIC 2 7 d2pm figs-rquestion 0 Should it really be said…“Is the Spirit…his deeds?” Micah is scolding the Israelites by using this question. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you do not need to ask…‘Is the Spirit…his deeds?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) MIC 2 7 cd55 figs-metonymy 0 house of Jacob The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob’s descendants. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -MIC 2 7 hr6w figs-rquestion 0 said…“Is the Spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these really his deeds?” Possible meanings are (1) the people really do not know if they are seeing Yahweh act. Alternate translation: “asked…‘Is the Spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these really his deeds?’” or (2) the people do not believe that Yahweh is really punishing them. These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “said…‘The Spirit of Yahweh is not really angry. These are not really his deeds.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +MIC 2 7 hr6w figs-rquestion 0 said…“Is the Spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these really his deeds?” This could mean: (1) the people really do not know if they are seeing Yahweh act. Alternate translation: “asked…‘Is the Spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these really his deeds?’” or (2) the people do not believe that Yahweh is really punishing them. These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “said…‘The Spirit of Yahweh is not really angry. These are not really his deeds.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) MIC 2 7 dhy6 figs-rquestion 0 Do not my words do good to anyone who walks uprightly? Micah uses a question to teach the people. It can bee translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “My message does good to those who walk uprightly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) MIC 2 8 nby2 0 my people This refers to either (1) Micah’s people or (2) Yahweh’s people. -MIC 2 8 h252 figs-metaphor 0 You strip the robe, the garment, from those who pass by unsuspectingly Possible meanings are (1) the wicked rich people are literally stealing robes from the poor or (2) creditors are keeping the outer garments of the poor who come to borrow money and give the garment as assurance they will repay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +MIC 2 8 h252 figs-metaphor 0 You strip the robe, the garment, from those who pass by unsuspectingly This could mean: (1) the wicked rich people are literally stealing robes from the poor or (2) creditors are keeping the outer garments of the poor who come to borrow money and give the garment as assurance they will repay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MIC 2 9 h3sh 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the wicked rich people in Israel. MIC 2 9 vit8 0 you take my blessing from their young children forever This refers, in general, to blessings God has given to his people. It might refer to (1) being landowners in Israel, (2) a promising future or (3) to the children’s fathers, farmers who worked hard to establish the nation. MIC 2 9 sez8 0 my blessing Micah speaks as if he were Yahweh. @@ -221,12 +221,12 @@ MIC 6 4 y7re figs-you 0 brought you…rescued you…Miriam to you Yahweh speaks MIC 6 4 s8wt figs-metaphor 0 house of bondage A house is a metaphor for a place in which one lives for a long time. The abstract noun “bondage” can be translated as “to be slaves.” Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves for a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MIC 6 5 q1ew figs-you 0 remember…you went…you may know Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) MIC 6 5 ddx5 0 what Balak…devised “the plans Balak…made to harm you -MIC 6 5 q2uj figs-explicit 0 how Balaam…answered him Possible meanings are (1) Balaam obeyed Balak by coming when Balak called him, Alternate translation: “how Balaam…did what Balak asked him to do” or (2) Balaam explained to Balak why Balaam had blessed the Israelites instead of cursing them as Balak had commanded. Alternate translation: “what Balaam told Balak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +MIC 6 5 q2uj figs-explicit 0 how Balaam…answered him This could mean: (1) Balaam obeyed Balak by coming when Balak called him, Alternate translation: “how Balaam…did what Balak asked him to do” or (2) Balaam explained to Balak why Balaam had blessed the Israelites instead of cursing them as Balak had commanded. Alternate translation: “what Balaam told Balak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) MIC 6 5 mpf3 translate-names 0 Beor This is the name of Balaam’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) MIC 6 5 rmf6 0 Shittim This is the name of a place in Moab. MIC 6 5 w4n8 figs-123person 0 so you may know the righteous acts of Yahweh Yahweh refers to himself by his own name. Alternate translation: “so that you may remember the righteous things that I, Yahweh, have done for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -MIC 6 6 n2hi figs-rquestion 0 What should I bring to Yahweh…God? Should I come…old? Micah speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. Possible meanings are (1) he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or (2) he is using questions to teach the people. Alternate translation: “I know that I do no need to bring to Yahweh…God, or come…old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -MIC 6 7 yc7f figs-rquestion 0 Will Yahweh be pleased…oil? Should I give…sin? Micah continues to speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. Possible meanings are (1) he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or (2) he is using questions to teach the people. Alternate translation: “I know that Yahweh will not be pleased…oil or if I give…sin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +MIC 6 6 n2hi figs-rquestion 0 What should I bring to Yahweh…God? Should I come…old? Micah speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. This could mean: (1) he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or (2) he is using questions to teach the people. Alternate translation: “I know that I do no need to bring to Yahweh…God, or come…old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +MIC 6 7 yc7f figs-rquestion 0 Will Yahweh be pleased…oil? Should I give…sin? Micah continues to speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. This could mean: (1) he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or (2) he is using questions to teach the people. Alternate translation: “I know that Yahweh will not be pleased…oil or if I give…sin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) MIC 6 7 mxx1 figs-rquestion 0 thousands of rams…ten thousand rivers of oil “rams in groups of 1,000…10,000 rivers of oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) MIC 6 8 y8pq 0 He has told you “Yahweh has told you” MIC 6 8 xd8t 0 good, and what Yahweh requires from you: Act…God Many versions read, “good. And what does Yahweh require from you? He wants you to act…God.” or “good. And what does Yahweh require from you but to act…God?” diff --git a/en_tn_34-NAM.tsv b/en_tn_34-NAM.tsv index a10097f26a..f091ffa5ac 100644 --- a/en_tn_34-NAM.tsv +++ b/en_tn_34-NAM.tsv @@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ NAM 1 3 du22 figs-explicit 0 Yahweh makes his way in the whirlwind and the stor NAM 1 3 l5ed 0 the dust of his feet “the dust that his feet kick up” NAM 1 4 lh7c 0 General Information: Nahum continues to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people. NAM 1 4 n6m5 figs-explicit 0 Bashan is weak, and Carmel also; the flowers of Lebanon are weak The word translated as “weak” can also mean “wither” or “dry out.” Bashan was known for its good pastureland where people tended sheep and cattle, “Carmel” refers to Mount Carmel, which was known for its tree orchards, and the snow from the mountains in Lebanon kept that place fertile. Since Yahweh dries up all the rivers and causes drought, these fertile places will no longer be fertile. Alternate translation: “The fields of Bashan wither, the trees of Mount Carmel die, and the flowers of Lebanon fade” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -NAM 1 5 cg1v figs-metaphor 0 the hills melt Possible meanings are (1) the earthquake causing the hills to crumble to pieces is spoken of as if the hills were melting or (2) the water from the storms coursing down the hills and causing them to erode is spoken of as if the hills were melting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -NAM 1 5 f3dl 0 the earth collapses Possible meanings are (1) the mountains and hills collapse or (2) the entire ground begins to move with violent motions. +NAM 1 5 cg1v figs-metaphor 0 the hills melt This could mean: (1) the earthquake causing the hills to crumble to pieces is spoken of as if the hills were melting or (2) the water from the storms coursing down the hills and causing them to erode is spoken of as if the hills were melting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +NAM 1 5 f3dl 0 the earth collapses This could mean: (1) the mountains and hills collapse or (2) the entire ground begins to move with violent motions. NAM 1 5 w6mf figs-ellipsis 0 the world and all people who live in it Here the word “world” refers to the inhabited places on the earth. The verb for this phrase is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “the world shakes and all the people who live in it collapse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) NAM 1 6 f6ms 0 General Information: Nahum continues to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people. NAM 1 6 pb6q figs-parallelism 0 Who can stand before his wrath? Who can resist the fierceness of his anger? These two rhetorical questions mean basically the same thing. They can be translated with statements. Alternate translation: “No one can stand before his wrath! No one can resist the fierceness of his anger!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ NAM 1 8 n11u figs-metonymy 0 he will pursue them into darkness Here the word NAM 1 9 mz66 0 General Information: Nahum tells the people of Nineveh how Yahweh will deal with them. NAM 1 9 c1lk figs-rquestion 0 What are you people plotting against Yahweh? This rhetorical question emphasizes the futility of making evil plans against Yahweh. Alternate translation: “It is futile for you people to plot against Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) NAM 1 9 v6h3 figs-idiom 0 He will make a full end to it The idiom “make a full end” refers to causing something to exist no longer. Alternate translation: “He will completely stop what you do” or “He will cause your plotting to fail” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -NAM 1 9 d3wc figs-metonymy 0 trouble will not rise up a second time Possible meanings are (1) “trouble” is a metonym for the punishment that Yahweh will inflict upon the people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not have to punish you a second time” or (2) “trouble” refers to the trouble that the people cause by plotting against Yahweh. Alternate translation: “you will not cause trouble a second time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +NAM 1 9 d3wc figs-metonymy 0 trouble will not rise up a second time This could mean: (1) “trouble” is a metonym for the punishment that Yahweh will inflict upon the people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not have to punish you a second time” or (2) “trouble” refers to the trouble that the people cause by plotting against Yahweh. Alternate translation: “you will not cause trouble a second time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) NAM 1 10 fkc6 figs-metaphor 0 they will become tangled up like thornbushes Possible meanings for this metaphor are (1) the people who plot against Yahweh will not be able to free themselves from the trouble that Yahweh will bring upon them, like a person who is tangled up in thornbushes cannot easily free himself or (2) just as thornbushes burn more quickly when they are tangled together, Yahweh will quickly destroy those who plot against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) NAM 1 10 ip7l figs-metaphor 0 they will be saturated in their own drink Nahum speaks of those who plot against Yahweh suffering the consequences of their plans as if they were completely drunk with alcohol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) NAM 1 10 x8il figs-metaphor 0 they will be completely devoured by fire like dry stubble Nahum speaks of Yahweh completely destroying those who plot against him as if fire would burn them up like fire burns up dry stubble. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “fire will completely devour them like it devours dry stubble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ NAM 2 1 v7ei figs-irony 0 Man the city walls, guard the roads, make yourselves NAM 2 1 cpd7 figs-explicit 0 Man the city walls Nineveh had a large, thick wall surrounding it. This refers to placing soldiers on the top of the wall in order to fight off attackers. This can be translated with a more general phrase if necessary. Alternate translation: “Man the fortifications” or “Prepare the defenses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) NAM 2 1 zt4z 0 guard the roads This refers to having soldiers watch the roads leading to the city so that they can keep track of the enemy’s approach. NAM 2 1 l226 figs-idiom 0 make yourselves strong This is an idiom that means to prepare oneself for action. Here it applies to military action. Alternate translation: “prepare yourselves for battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -NAM 2 2 u4fb figs-metonymy 0 For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of Jacob, like the majesty of Israel The words “Jacob” and “Israel” are metonyms for the people who are descended from Jacob. Possible meanings are (1) the word “Jacob” refers to the southern kingdom and the word “Israel” refers to the northern kingdom. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of Judah, as he promised to restore the majesty of Israel” or (2) both “Jacob” and “Israel” refer to the nation as a whole, included both northern and southern kingdoms and the two lines are parallel. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of all Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +NAM 2 2 u4fb figs-metonymy 0 For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of Jacob, like the majesty of Israel The words “Jacob” and “Israel” are metonyms for the people who are descended from Jacob. This could mean: (1) the word “Jacob” refers to the southern kingdom and the word “Israel” refers to the northern kingdom. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of Judah, as he promised to restore the majesty of Israel” or (2) both “Jacob” and “Israel” refer to the nation as a whole, included both northern and southern kingdoms and the two lines are parallel. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is restoring the majesty of all Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) NAM 2 2 wmm6 0 the plunderers people who steal things by force, usually in war -NAM 2 2 i6w3 figs-metaphor 0 destroyed their vine branches Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which the Assyrians taking away Israel’s possessions by force is spoken of as if Israel were a vine whose branches the Assyrians had stripped bare. Alternate translation: “robbed them of all of their possession, like one would strip bare vine branches” or (2) the words “vine branches” are a synecdoche for the agricultural fields throughout the nation. Alternate translation: “destroyed their fields of crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -NAM 2 3 sal2 0 The shields of his mighty men are red Possible meanings are (1) the shields appear red as the light from the sun reflects upon their metal surfaces or (2) the shields are covered with leather that has been dyed red. +NAM 2 2 i6w3 figs-metaphor 0 destroyed their vine branches This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which the Assyrians taking away Israel’s possessions by force is spoken of as if Israel were a vine whose branches the Assyrians had stripped bare. Alternate translation: “robbed them of all of their possession, like one would strip bare vine branches” or (2) the words “vine branches” are a synecdoche for the agricultural fields throughout the nation. Alternate translation: “destroyed their fields of crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +NAM 2 3 sal2 0 The shields of his mighty men are red This could mean: (1) the shields appear red as the light from the sun reflects upon their metal surfaces or (2) the shields are covered with leather that has been dyed red. NAM 2 3 tt35 0 his mighty men the soldiers of the one “who will dash” Nineveh “to pieces” ([Nahum 2:1](../02/01.md)). NAM 2 3 shs8 0 the chariots flash with their metal This likely refers to the light from the sun reflecting upon the metal chariots. NAM 2 3 i6a3 figs-activepassive 0 on the day that they are made ready This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the soldiers have made them ready” or “when the soldiers have prepared them to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ NAM 2 5 t834 0 The large shield This refers to a large cover that those who be NAM 2 6 l4xl figs-activepassive 0 The gates at the rivers are forced open This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy forces open the gates at the rivers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) NAM 2 6 bi3c 0 The gates at the rivers This refers to the gates that controlled the flow and direction of the river. NAM 2 7 v7es figs-activepassive 0 Huzzab is stripped of her clothes and is taken away This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy strips Huzzab of her clothes and takes her away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -NAM 2 7 x5zy translate-unknown 0 Huzzab is stripped of her clothes and is taken away The exact meaning of the word “Huzzab” is uncertain. Two possible meanings are (1) it is the name of a queen in Nineveh and the sentence means that the attacking soldiers have stripped her of her clothes in order to humiliate her and then have carried her off into captivity or (2) it is the name of an idol and the sentence means that the attackers have stripped the gold and silver off the idol and have carried it away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +NAM 2 7 x5zy translate-unknown 0 Huzzab is stripped of her clothes and is taken away The exact meaning of the word “Huzzab” is uncertain. Two This could mean: (1) it is the name of a queen in Nineveh and the sentence means that the attacking soldiers have stripped her of her clothes in order to humiliate her and then have carried her off into captivity or (2) it is the name of an idol and the sentence means that the attackers have stripped the gold and silver off the idol and have carried it away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) NAM 2 7 wzf8 0 her female servants moan like doves The moaning sounds that the female servants make sound like the sounds that doves make. NAM 2 7 c3va 0 her female servants If the word “Huzzab” refers to a queen, then this phrase refers to the young women who attended her. If the word “Huzzab” refers to an idol, then this phrase refers to the young women who worked as temple prostitutes. NAM 2 7 ya8w translate-symaction 0 beating on their breasts Beating one’s breast was a gesture used to express great mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ NAM 2 12 f91d figs-explicit 0 he strangled victims “he choked victims.” Thi NAM 2 12 f3cw figs-parallelism 0 filled his cave with victims, his dens with torn carcasses These two phrases are saying the same thing in different ways. The verb may be supplied for the second phrase. Alternate translation: “filled his cave with victims, and filled his dens with torn carcasses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) NAM 2 13 hg33 0 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” NAM 2 13 mzs1 figs-metonymy 0 the sword will devour your young lions Here the word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who attack with swords and is spoken of as if it were a person who eats its victims. Nahum also continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as if they were lions. Alternate translation: “attackers will kill your people with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -NAM 2 13 qg4y figs-metaphor 0 I will cut off your prey from your land Yahweh speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were lions who preyed upon the nations. Possible meanings are (1) the word “prey” is a metonym for the things that they have taken from those upon whom they preyed, and Yahweh speaks of taking those things away from them as if it were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: “I will take away from your land all the things that you took from others” or (2) Yahweh speaks of the nations whom the people of Nineveh had plundered as if they were Nineveh’s prey, and preventing Nineveh from plundering any more nations as if he were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: “I will stop you from preying upon any other nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +NAM 2 13 qg4y figs-metaphor 0 I will cut off your prey from your land Yahweh speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were lions who preyed upon the nations. This could mean: (1) the word “prey” is a metonym for the things that they have taken from those upon whom they preyed, and Yahweh speaks of taking those things away from them as if it were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: “I will take away from your land all the things that you took from others” or (2) Yahweh speaks of the nations whom the people of Nineveh had plundered as if they were Nineveh’s prey, and preventing Nineveh from plundering any more nations as if he were cutting off their prey. Alternate translation: “I will stop you from preying upon any other nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) NAM 2 13 vf1s figs-activepassive 0 the voices of your messengers will be heard no more This likely refers to the messengers that the Assyrians sent out to other nations to demand surrender or payment of tribute. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will ever hear the voices of your messengers again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) NAM 3 intro k8ee 0 # Nahum 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of chapter 1) farther to the right on the page than regular text because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>Despite being divided into three chapters, the book contains one long prophecy.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Euphemism<br>This chapter speaks about the evils of the Assyrians in violent ways. It is important to avoiding toning down this language through the use of euphemism, if at all possible. Although there is some hyperbole, the reader should not assume that the author intends this writing to be taken as completely hyperbolic. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) NAM 3 1 kar1 writing-poetry 0 General Information: Nahum often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here he continues to describe the destruction of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) @@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ NAM 3 12 w2un figs-activepassive 0 if they are shaken “if the trees are shake NAM 3 12 k7ym figs-hyperbole 0 they fall into the mouth of the eater “the figs fall into the mouth of the eater.” This is an exaggeration. By saying that the figs fall from the tree into the mouth of the one who eats it, Nahum emphasizes that the figs are ready to eat immediately. Alternate translation: “a person can eat the fig immediately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) NAM 3 13 le29 figs-metaphor 0 the people among you are women In this ancient culture, women were not warriors for a number of reasons, including their being generally weaker physically than men. Here Nahum speaks of Nineveh’s warriors losing their strength and courage to fight as if the people in the city were all women. Alternate translation: “your people are all like women who are weak and cannot defend themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) NAM 3 13 cv1a figs-activepassive 0 the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the gates of your land are wide open to your enemies” or “someone has opened wide to your enemies the gates of your land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -NAM 3 13 sc8s figs-metaphor 0 the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies Possible meanings are (1) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh’s defenses, then “the gates of your land” refers to the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: “the gates of your city are wide open for your enemies to attack” or (2) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders, then “the gates of your land” is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: “your land is defenseless before your enemies because they have destroyed the cities that protected your borders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -NAM 3 13 ea7i figs-metaphor 0 fire has devoured their bars Possible meanings are (1) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh’s defenses, then “their bars” refers to the bars that locked the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: “fire has destroyed the bars that lock your city gates” or (2) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders, then “their bars” is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were locked gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: “the cities on your borders can no longer protect you, just as gates can no longer protect a city when fire has destroyed their bars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +NAM 3 13 sc8s figs-metaphor 0 the gates of your land have been opened wide to your enemies This could mean: (1) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh’s defenses, then “the gates of your land” refers to the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: “the gates of your city are wide open for your enemies to attack” or (2) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders, then “the gates of your land” is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: “your land is defenseless before your enemies because they have destroyed the cities that protected your borders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +NAM 3 13 ea7i figs-metaphor 0 fire has devoured their bars This could mean: (1) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the Nineveh’s defenses, then “their bars” refers to the bars that locked the gates in the walls around Nineveh. Alternate translation: “fire has destroyed the bars that lock your city gates” or (2) if “fortresses” in v. 12 refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria’s borders, then “their bars” is a metaphor in which those cities are spoken of as if they were locked gates that prevented enemy armies from entering the land. Alternate translation: “the cities on your borders can no longer protect you, just as gates can no longer protect a city when fire has destroyed their bars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) NAM 3 13 i4p2 figs-metaphor 0 fire has devoured Nahum speaks of fire burning up and destroying as if fire were eating. Alternate translation: “fire has destroyed” or “fire has burned up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) NAM 3 14 g9i1 figs-metonymy 0 General Information: Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) NAM 3 14 w932 figs-irony 0 Go draw water for the siege…pick up the molds for the bricks Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh. He tells them to prepare for battle and to repair the walls, although he knows that the enemy will destroy the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) diff --git a/en_tn_35-HAB.tsv b/en_tn_35-HAB.tsv index 6f7bb0ef95..024d5ba6c7 100644 --- a/en_tn_35-HAB.tsv +++ b/en_tn_35-HAB.tsv @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ HAB 1 5 xx8m figs-doublet 0 be amazed and astonished The words “amazed” and HAB 1 5 j1ay figs-idiom 0 in your days This idiom refers to Habakkuk’s lifetime. Alternate translation: “during your lifetime” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) HAB 1 5 ubc3 figs-activepassive 0 when it is reported to you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone reports it to you” or “when you hear about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) HAB 1 6 hw6s 0 look! The word “look!” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -HAB 1 6 cc7f 0 impetuous Possible meanings are (1) “violent” or (2) “hasty.” +HAB 1 6 cc7f 0 impetuous This could mean: (1) “violent” or (2) “hasty.” HAB 1 6 l91v figs-hyperbole 0 the breadth of the land This can mean (1) everywhere in Judah or (2) everywhere in the world. This would be an exaggeration to emphasize how powerful the Chaldean army is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) HAB 1 7 rf3w figs-doublet 0 They are terrifying and fearsome The words “terrifying” and “fearsome” share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the fear that the Chaldeans instilled in other people. Alternate translation: “They cause others to be greatly terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) HAB 1 7 rl2c figs-metaphor 0 their judgment and splendor proceed from themselves The word “splendor” represents their pride in how they view themselves. Yahweh speaks of their opinion of themselves as if the qualities of judgment and splendor came from them. Alternate translation: “because they are prideful, they decide for themselves what judgment looks like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ HAB 1 8 aan3 0 the evening wolves This refers to wolves that hunt their prey a HAB 1 8 cmk6 0 their horsemen the Chaldean soldiers who ride the horses HAB 1 8 s39i figs-metaphor 0 they fly like an eagle hurrying to eat Yahweh speaks of how quickly the Chaldeans move in order to conquer their enemies as if they were flying, like an eagle flies swiftly to capture its prey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HAB 1 9 t84x figs-metaphor 0 their multitudes go like the desert wind Yahweh speaks of how quickly the Chaldeans move as if they were a strong wind that blows in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -HAB 1 9 w7jf figs-simile 0 they gather captives like sand Possible meanings are (1) the Chaldeans take people captive as easily as one would scoop up sand with his hand. Alternate translation: “they gather captives as one gathers sand” or (2) the Chaldeans take a great number of people captive, as if those people were as many as the grains of sand in the desert. Alternate translation: “they capture as many people as there are grains of sand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +HAB 1 9 w7jf figs-simile 0 they gather captives like sand This could mean: (1) the Chaldeans take people captive as easily as one would scoop up sand with his hand. Alternate translation: “they gather captives as one gathers sand” or (2) the Chaldeans take a great number of people captive, as if those people were as many as the grains of sand in the desert. Alternate translation: “they capture as many people as there are grains of sand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) HAB 1 10 dsz7 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to describe the Chaldean soldiers. HAB 1 10 t1vb figs-parallelism 0 So they mock kings, and rulers are only a mockery for them These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The word “mockery” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “So they mock kings, and rulers are only something for them to mock” or “So all they do is mock kings and rulers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) HAB 1 11 m8uj figs-metaphor 0 the wind will rush on Yahweh speaks of how swiftly the Chaldean army moves from one city to the next as it conquers each one as if it were a wind that blows swiftly along. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -52,16 +52,16 @@ HAB 1 17 y2y3 figs-explicit 0 Will he therefore keep emptying his net, and will HAB 1 17 re7y figs-synecdoche 0 Will he…keep emptying his net…will he continually slaughter In 1:15-17 the singular pronoun “he” and “his” refer to a Babylonian solider who represents all of the Babylonian soldiers. These pronouns can be stated as plural. Alternate translation: “Will they…keep emptying their net…will they continually slaughter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) HAB 1 17 rz38 figs-metaphor 0 keep emptying his net Habakkuk speaks of the Chaldeans preparing to conquer more nations as if they were fishermen who empty their nets so that they can use them to catch more fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HAB 2 intro qke1 0 # Habakkuk 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 2:1-20.<br><br>This chapter is arranged in a series of questions and answers between Yahweh and Habakkuk.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “The righteous will live by his faith”<br>This is an important phrase in Scripture. Paul also uses it to explain that man is justified by his faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) -HAB 2 1 m4n8 figs-parallelism 0 I will stand at my guard post and station myself on the watchtower These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are (1) Habakkuk went to an actual post in the watchtower or (2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of waiting eagerly for Yahweh’s response as if he were a watchman waiting at his post for the arrival of a messenger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +HAB 2 1 m4n8 figs-parallelism 0 I will stand at my guard post and station myself on the watchtower These two phrases mean basically the same thing. This could mean: (1) Habakkuk went to an actual post in the watchtower or (2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of waiting eagerly for Yahweh’s response as if he were a watchman waiting at his post for the arrival of a messenger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HAB 2 1 s5ad 0 to see what he will say to me “to see what Yahweh will say to me” HAB 2 1 lcz4 figs-idiom 0 how I should turn from my complaint Here the word “turn” refers to returning an answer. Habakkuk considers what answer he will give concerning the things that he has said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) HAB 2 2 z55g 0 General Information: Yahweh answers Habakkuk. HAB 2 2 p6bb figs-parallelism 0 Record this vision, and write plainly on the tablets Both of these phrases are saying the same thing in two different ways. Alternate translation: “Write this vision clearly on the tablets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) HAB 2 2 f1dy 0 tablets These are flat pieces of stone or clay that were used for writing. -HAB 2 2 c1m9 figs-metaphor 0 so that the one reading them might run Possible meanings are (1) that the message is easy enough to read that a messenger can read it as he runs from place to place proclaiming the message. Alternate translation: “so that the one reading the tablets might be able to run as he reads” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of reading something very quickly as if the person who reads it is running. Alternate translation: “so that the one reading the tablets might be able to read quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +HAB 2 2 c1m9 figs-metaphor 0 so that the one reading them might run This could mean: (1) that the message is easy enough to read that a messenger can read it as he runs from place to place proclaiming the message. Alternate translation: “so that the one reading the tablets might be able to run as he reads” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of reading something very quickly as if the person who reads it is running. Alternate translation: “so that the one reading the tablets might be able to read quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HAB 2 3 bh8y figs-metaphor 0 the vision…will finally speak Yahweh speaks of the events in the vision happening as if the vision were a person who speaks. Alternate translation: “the vision…will finally happen” or “the vision…will finally come true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) HAB 2 3 l26r figs-metaphor 0 Though it delays, wait for it. For it will surely come and will not tarry Yahweh speaks of the events of the vision taking a long time to happen as if the vision were a person who does not arrive soon at his destination. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -HAB 2 3 mw1n 0 will not tarry Possible meanings are (1) “will not be late” or (2) “will not come slowly” +HAB 2 3 mw1n 0 will not tarry This could mean: (1) “will not be late” or (2) “will not come slowly” HAB 2 4 w3ij figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk. Here he speaks of the Chaldeans as if they were one prideful, drunken man who can never have enough. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HAB 2 4 viq4 0 Look! The word “Look!” here adds emphasis to what follows. HAB 2 4 f5n5 figs-metaphor 0 is puffed up Yahweh speaks of the person who is prideful as if the person were “puffed up.” Alternate translation: “is very prideful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ HAB 2 8 dmt3 0 plunder to rob or take things by force HAB 2 8 eji9 figs-idiom 0 you have shed human blood The idiom “to shed blood” means “to murder.” Alternate translation: “you have murdered people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) HAB 2 9 n7s9 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HAB 2 9 yq1w figs-metaphor 0 the one who carves out evil gains A person making a profit by violent means is spoken of as if he were “carving out” gains from something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -HAB 2 9 xk13 figs-metaphor 0 the one who carves out evil gains for his house Possible meanings are (1) the word “house” is a metaphor in which the Babylonian empire is spoken of as if it were a house that the man builds by means of profits that he gained through violence. Alternate translation: “the one who builds his house with riches that he gained through violence” or (2) the word “house” is a metonym for “family” and the man has made his family rich through violence. Alternate translation: “the one who makes his family rich by violent means” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +HAB 2 9 xk13 figs-metaphor 0 the one who carves out evil gains for his house This could mean: (1) the word “house” is a metaphor in which the Babylonian empire is spoken of as if it were a house that the man builds by means of profits that he gained through violence. Alternate translation: “the one who builds his house with riches that he gained through violence” or (2) the word “house” is a metonym for “family” and the man has made his family rich through violence. Alternate translation: “the one who makes his family rich by violent means” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) HAB 2 9 m1uh figs-metaphor 0 so he can set his nest on high to keep himself safe from the hand of evil The person who builds his house is spoken of as if he were a bird that builds its nest in a high place. The man thinks that his house is secure and free from danger, just as predators are unable to reach the nest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HAB 2 9 xw3t figs-metonymy 0 safe from the hand of evil Here the word “hand” is a metonym for power, and the word “evil” is a metonym for people who do evil things. Alternate translation: “safe from the power of evil” or “safe from people who will harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) HAB 2 10 my1x figs-metaphor 0 You have devised shame for your house Here to “devise shame” means that the plans that the man devised have resulted in shame. One possible meaning is that the word “house” is a metaphor in which the Babylonian empire is spoken of as if it were a house that the man has built. Alternate translation: “By your plans, you have brought shame on the house that you have built” Another possibility is that the word “house” is a metonym for “family.” Alternate translation: “By your plans, you have brought shame on your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ HAB 2 16 f71b 0 is coming around to you “will come to you as it did to other HAB 2 16 nv8g figs-metaphor 0 disgrace will cover your glory The Chaldeans experiencing disgrace instead of glory is spoken of as if disgrace were an object that covers the glory that they thought they had. Alternate translation: “disgrace will replace your glory” or “people will disgrace you instead of honor you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HAB 2 17 jmf4 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Yahweh continues to answer Habakkuk and to speak of the Chaldeans as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HAB 2 17 j29e figs-metaphor 0 The violence done to Lebanon will overwhelm you The Chaldeans being punished for the violence done to Lebanon is spoken of as if their violent actions were a person who will overpower them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -HAB 2 17 a82q figs-metonymy 0 The violence done to Lebanon Possible meanings for the word “Lebanon” are (1) it represents the forest of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “The violence done to the trees of Lebanon” or (2) it represents the people of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “The violence done to the people of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +HAB 2 17 a82q figs-metonymy 0 The violence done to Lebanon Here, **Lebanon** could mean: (1) it represents the forest of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “The violence done to the trees of Lebanon” or (2) it represents the people of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “The violence done to the people of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) HAB 2 17 e9sz figs-metaphor 0 the destruction of animals will terrify you The Chaldeans being punished for destroying the animals in Lebanon is spoken of as if their destruction were a person who will terrify them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) HAB 2 17 q3ze 0 For you have shed human blood…all who live in them See how you translated this sentence in [Habakkuk 2:8](../02/08.md). HAB 2 17 ag1e figs-idiom 0 you have shed human blood The idiom “to shed blood” means “to murder.” Alternate translation: “you have murdered people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ HAB 2 19 uq17 figs-idiom 0 there is no breath at all within it The idiom “no HAB 2 20 qts3 figs-metonymy 0 all the land Here the word “land” is a metonym for the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “everyone in the land” or “everyone on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) HAB 3 intro i7n7 0 # Habakkuk 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:1-19.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Poetry<br>Although this is a prayer, it is in the form of poetry. Habakkuk uses startling imagery to show his fear of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) HAB 3 1 j4yf figs-explicit 0 The prayer of Habakkuk the prophet: These words introduce the third chapter of this book. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “This is the prayer that Habakkuk the prophet prayed to Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -HAB 3 2 v94e 0 I have heard your report Possible meanings are (1) “I have heard people talk about what you have done in the past” or (2) “I have heard what you just said.” +HAB 3 2 v94e 0 I have heard your report This could mean: (1) “I have heard people talk about what you have done in the past” or (2) “I have heard what you just said.” HAB 3 2 ne6e figs-metaphor 0 revive your work Habakkuk speaks of Yahweh doing again the things that he has done in the past as if Yahweh were to cause his work to live again. Alternate translation: “bring your work back to life” or “what you did before, do again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HAB 3 2 ah3p figs-idiom 0 in the midst of these times This idiom refers to the time at which Habakkuk prayed this prayer, as opposed to times when Yahweh had acted in the past to rescue his people. Alternate translation: “in our own times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) HAB 3 2 epw6 0 make it known “make your work known” or “cause people to know your work” @@ -138,25 +138,25 @@ HAB 3 3 ac8u 0 God came from Teman, and the Holy One from Mount Paran Teman an HAB 3 3 f9a6 0 His glory covered the heavens “His splendor covered the sky.” Here the word “glory” refers to the bright light that biblical writers often associate with God’s presence. HAB 3 3 ixb2 figs-metonymy 0 the earth was full of his praise Here the word “praise” is a metonym for God’s qualities that cause people to praise him. Alternate translation: “the earth was full of his glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) HAB 3 4 d42l 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. -HAB 3 4 yln4 0 With brightness like the light Here the word “brightness” likely refers to the brightness that is often associated with Yahweh’s glory. Possible meanings are (1) the brightness of Yahweh’s glory was like flashes of lightning or (2) the brightness of Yahweh’s glory was like the rising of the sun. +HAB 3 4 yln4 0 With brightness like the light Here the word “brightness” likely refers to the brightness that is often associated with Yahweh’s glory. This could mean: (1) the brightness of Yahweh’s glory was like flashes of lightning or (2) the brightness of Yahweh’s glory was like the rising of the sun. HAB 3 4 mnk6 figs-metaphor 0 two-pronged rays flash from his hand Habakkuk speaks of flashes of lightning as if they were two-pronged weapons that Yahweh holds in his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -HAB 3 4 d92s 0 there he hid his power The word “there” refers to Yahweh’s hand. Possible meanings are (1) the lightning bolts that Habakkuk can see are only a small representation of the full power that he cannot see hidden in Yahweh’s hand or (2) Yahweh hides his power in his hand until he is ready to use it. +HAB 3 4 d92s 0 there he hid his power The word “there” refers to Yahweh’s hand. This could mean: (1) the lightning bolts that Habakkuk can see are only a small representation of the full power that he cannot see hidden in Yahweh’s hand or (2) Yahweh hides his power in his hand until he is ready to use it. HAB 3 6 bh72 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. HAB 3 6 gh3f 0 He stood This means that Yahweh stopped walking and stood still, not that he stood up from a seated position. -HAB 3 6 yt5m 0 measured the earth Possible meanings are (1) the word translated as “measured” can be “shook” or (2) he surveyed the earth the way a conqueror would before assigning portions to his governors. +HAB 3 6 yt5m 0 measured the earth This could mean: (1) the word translated as “measured” can be “shook” or (2) he surveyed the earth the way a conqueror would before assigning portions to his governors. HAB 3 6 id6p 0 eternal mountains…everlasting hills “mountains that have existed since the beginning of time…hills that will exist until the end of time.” If your language has no different words for “hills” and “mountains” or for “eternal” and “everlasting,” you can combine them as the UST has done. HAB 3 6 ey5u figs-activepassive 0 Even the eternal mountains were shattered This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Even the eternal mountains crumbled” or “He shattered even the eternal mountains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) HAB 3 6 g6cm figs-personification 0 the everlasting hills bowed down The hills being flattened like level ground is spoken of as if they were people who bow down before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the everlasting hills collapsed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -HAB 3 6 a4zl figs-metaphor 0 His path is everlasting Possible meanings are (1) the words “His path” may be a metaphor that speaks of Yahweh and his actions as a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “He is everlasting” or (2) Habakkuk speaks of the path upon which Yahweh walks in the vision as being everlasting, indicating that this is the same path that Yahweh had taken in ancient times. Alternate translation: “He walks along an ancient path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +HAB 3 6 a4zl figs-metaphor 0 His path is everlasting This could mean: (1) the words “His path” may be a metaphor that speaks of Yahweh and his actions as a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “He is everlasting” or (2) Habakkuk speaks of the path upon which Yahweh walks in the vision as being everlasting, indicating that this is the same path that Yahweh had taken in ancient times. Alternate translation: “He walks along an ancient path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HAB 3 7 axq1 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. -HAB 3 7 ydk4 figs-metonymy 0 I saw the tents of Cushan in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling Possible meanings are (1) the words “the tents” and “the fabric of the tents” are metonyms for the people who live in those tents. Alternate translation: “I saw the people who live in tents in the land of Cushan in affliction, and the people who live in tents in the land of Midian trembling” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of the tents in Cushan and Midian being blown about by a storm as if the tents were people who were trembling in affliction. Alternate translation: “I saw the tents of Cushan blown about like people in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling as if they were people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +HAB 3 7 ydk4 figs-metonymy 0 I saw the tents of Cushan in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling This could mean: (1) the words “the tents” and “the fabric of the tents” are metonyms for the people who live in those tents. Alternate translation: “I saw the people who live in tents in the land of Cushan in affliction, and the people who live in tents in the land of Midian trembling” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Habakkuk speaks of the tents in Cushan and Midian being blown about by a storm as if the tents were people who were trembling in affliction. Alternate translation: “I saw the tents of Cushan blown about like people in affliction, and the fabric of the tents in the land of Midian trembling as if they were people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HAB 3 7 b5ma translate-names 0 Cushan This can be (1) the name of a people group otherwise unknown or (2) the same as Cush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) HAB 3 8 a3lq figs-doublet 0 you rode upon your horses and your victorious chariots The phrases “your horses” and “your victorious chariots” both refer to the same thing. This speaks of Yahweh as if he were a warrior riding a horse-drawn chariot into battle. Alternate translation: “you rode your horse-drawn chariots to victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) HAB 3 9 y59h 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. HAB 3 9 avl5 figs-explicit 0 You have brought out your bow without a cover This means that Yahweh has removed his bow from its protective case and is prepared to shoot. Alternate translation: “You have prepared to shoot your bow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -HAB 3 9 t8zv 0 You divided the earth with rivers Possible meanings are (1) “You created rivers that divide the lands through which they run” or (2) “You split open the earth and rivers flowed forth.” +HAB 3 9 t8zv 0 You divided the earth with rivers This could mean: (1) “You created rivers that divide the lands through which they run” or (2) “You split open the earth and rivers flowed forth.” HAB 3 10 k9nf figs-personification 0 The mountains saw you and twisted in pain The effects that Yahweh’s presence has on the mountains is spoken of as if the mountains were people who writhe in pain. This may refer either to the mountains shaking from an earthquake or to the water from the storm eroding the sides of the mountains as the streams flow down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -HAB 3 10 rcw1 0 Downpours of water passed over them Possible meanings are (1) torrential rains fell on the mountains or (2) the rain caused raging streams to flow down the mountains. +HAB 3 10 rcw1 0 Downpours of water passed over them This could mean: (1) torrential rains fell on the mountains or (2) the rain caused raging streams to flow down the mountains. HAB 3 10 fhs9 figs-metaphor 0 the deep sea raised a shout The loud noises that the sea makes as the wind and storm pass over it are spoken of as if the sea were a person who begins to shout loudly. Alternate translation: “the deep sea became loud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) HAB 3 10 t3k6 figs-metaphor 0 It lifted up its waves The level of the water in the sea rising and the storm winds causing waves in the sea is spoken of as if the sea were a person who lifts its waves. Alternate translation: “Waves began to form in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) HAB 3 11 n9kb 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. @@ -168,15 +168,15 @@ HAB 3 12 vd76 0 indignation anger of a person who has suffered injustice HAB 3 12 q7gg figs-metaphor 0 you have threshed the nations Yahweh punishing the people of the nations is spoken of as if he threshed the nations. Threshing refers to the practice of having an ox or some other animal trample upon grain stalks in order to crush them and remove the grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HAB 3 13 wr8d 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. The last sentence in this verse is difficult to translate. Read each of the translationNotes on that sentence below to see different ways to translate it. HAB 3 13 air3 figs-abstractnouns 0 You went out for the salvation of your people The word “salvation” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “You went out to save your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -HAB 3 13 qtl6 0 your anointed one “the one whom you have anointed.” Here this phrase refers to one whom Yahweh has chosen. Possible meanings are (1) “the people you have chosen” or “the nation you have chosen” or (2) “the king you have chosen.” -HAB 3 13 il57 figs-metonymy 0 You shatter the head of the house of the wicked to lay bare from the base up to the neck Possible meanings are (1) killing the leader and destroying the people is spoken of as if someone were destroying a house. Here the leader is the head, that is, the roof of the house; and “base” and “neck” represent other parts of the house. Alternate translation: “You destroy the roof of the wicked house and demolish the rest of the building” or “You kill the leader of the wicked nation and completely destroy the nation” or (2) Killing the leader and removing honor and power from the people is spoken of as if someone were shattering a person’s head and stripping off all of his clothes. Here the leader is the “head,” and “house” represents the people who are the body. Alternate translation: “The wicked people and their leader are like a man whose head you crush and whose body you strip naked from foot to neck” or “You kill the leader of the wicked people and completely remove all of the people’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +HAB 3 13 qtl6 0 your anointed one “the one whom you have anointed.” Here this phrase refers to one whom Yahweh has chosen. This could mean: (1) “the people you have chosen” or “the nation you have chosen” or (2) “the king you have chosen.” +HAB 3 13 il57 figs-metonymy 0 You shatter the head of the house of the wicked to lay bare from the base up to the neck This could mean: (1) killing the leader and destroying the people is spoken of as if someone were destroying a house. Here the leader is the head, that is, the roof of the house; and “base” and “neck” represent other parts of the house. Alternate translation: “You destroy the roof of the wicked house and demolish the rest of the building” or “You kill the leader of the wicked nation and completely destroy the nation” or (2) Killing the leader and removing honor and power from the people is spoken of as if someone were shattering a person’s head and stripping off all of his clothes. Here the leader is the “head,” and “house” represents the people who are the body. Alternate translation: “The wicked people and their leader are like a man whose head you crush and whose body you strip naked from foot to neck” or “You kill the leader of the wicked people and completely remove all of the people’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HAB 3 14 w31g 0 General Information: Habakkuk continues to describe his vision of Yahweh. -HAB 3 14 v64x figs-metaphor 0 You have pierced the head of his warriors with his own arrows The word “his” refers to the leader of the Chaldeans. Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which the warriors are spoken of as if they were a body and the leader were the head. Alternate translation: “You have killed with his own spear the one who leads the warriors” or (2) the word “head” refers to the heads of each of the warriors. Alternate translation: “With the leader’s own spear, you have pierced the heads of each of his warriors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +HAB 3 14 v64x figs-metaphor 0 You have pierced the head of his warriors with his own arrows The word “his” refers to the leader of the Chaldeans. This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which the warriors are spoken of as if they were a body and the leader were the head. Alternate translation: “You have killed with his own spear the one who leads the warriors” or (2) the word “head” refers to the heads of each of the warriors. Alternate translation: “With the leader’s own spear, you have pierced the heads of each of his warriors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HAB 3 14 yv9w figs-simile 0 they came like a storm The power and quickness of the Chaldeans as they attacked the people of Israel is compared to the coming of a sudden storm. Alternate translation: “they came quickly like a storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) HAB 3 14 srm8 figs-abstractnouns 0 their gloating was like one who devours the poor in a hiding place The word “gloating” here means to rejoice for bad reasons and can be translated with a verb. The warriors treating people cruelly or killing them is spoken of as if the warriors were wild beasts who carry their prey to their hiding places in order to eat it. Alternate translation: “they gloated like a person who secretly abuses poor people” or “they rejoiced when they oppressed the poor, acting as if they would eat them like a beast eats its prey in its den” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HAB 3 15 n6rz figs-metaphor 0 heaped up the great waters Yahweh causing the waters to surge is spoken of as if he heaped the water up into piles. Alternate translation: “caused the great waters to surge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HAB 3 16 b9nf 0 General Information: Habakkuk describes his reaction to his vision of Yahweh. -HAB 3 16 m7xf figs-explicit 0 I heard You may indicate what it is that Habakkuk heard. Possible meanings are (1) “I heard everything in that vision” or (2) “I heard Yahweh approach like a great storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +HAB 3 16 m7xf figs-explicit 0 I heard You may indicate what it is that Habakkuk heard. This could mean: (1) “I heard everything in that vision” or (2) “I heard Yahweh approach like a great storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) HAB 3 16 y78y figs-explicit 0 my inner parts trembled The word translated here as “inner parts” is literally “belly.” If your language has a specific internal organ that it uses to express the feeling of great fear, you can consider using it here. Alternate translation: “my heart beat rapidly” or “my stomach turned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) HAB 3 16 ull6 0 My lips quivered at the sound Quivering lips is another spontaneous response that comes with great fear. HAB 3 16 tz73 figs-idiom 0 Decay comes into my bones Habakkuk speaks of having no strength in his body as if his bones began to decay. You may consider using an idiom from your own language here. Alternate translation: “My body goes limp, as if my bones were rotting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/en_tn_36-ZEP.tsv b/en_tn_36-ZEP.tsv index 74249a40dc..1ad0d3f716 100644 --- a/en_tn_36-ZEP.tsv +++ b/en_tn_36-ZEP.tsv @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ ZEP 1 2 atu6 0 destroy everything from off the surface of the earth “destroy ZEP 1 2 fg27 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ZEP 1 3 aqr7 0 I will cut off man from the surface of the earth “I will kill all people.” This is a hyperbole, as in [Zephaniah 1:2] (./02.md). ZEP 1 3 zd2p 0 man and beast “people and animals” -ZEP 1 3 kw4a 0 the ruins Possible meanings are (1) the piles of rubble that will remain after the judgment or (2) the idols that Yahweh destroyed. +ZEP 1 3 kw4a 0 the ruins This could mean: (1) the piles of rubble that will remain after the judgment or (2) the idols that Yahweh destroyed. ZEP 1 3 xxd9 figs-metaphor 0 cut off Destroying is spoken of as if it were cutting something off from what it was a part of. Alternate translation: “destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ZEP 1 4 zb97 0 General Information: Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh’s judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh’s judgment on the people of Judah. ZEP 1 4 q6dj figs-idiom 0 I will reach out with my hand over Judah This is an idiom that means God will punish. Alternate translation: “I will punish Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ ZEP 1 4 gdu9 figs-metaphor 0 cut off Destroying is spoken of as if it were cutt ZEP 1 4 h6cv figs-idiom 0 cut off…the names of the idolatrous people among the priests Here “cut off…the names” is an idiom that means to cause people to forget them. Alternate translation: “cause everyone…to forget the priests who are idolatrous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ZEP 1 5 u98g figs-ellipsis 0 the people who on the housetops…the people who worship and swear The verb “cut off” ([Zechariah 1:4] (./04.md)) applies to these phrases, but has been used only once to avoid repetition. Alternate translation: “I will cut off the people who on the housetops…I will cut off the people who worship and swear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) ZEP 1 5 w2r8 0 by their king See the footnote about the possible rendering of this as “by Milcom.” -ZEP 1 6 ql66 figs-metaphor 0 neither seek Yahweh nor ask for his guidance Seeking Yahweh represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “do not think about Yahweh or ask him to guide them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ZEP 1 6 ql66 figs-metaphor 0 neither seek Yahweh nor ask for his guidance Seeking **Yahweh** could mean: (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “do not think about Yahweh or ask him to guide them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ZEP 1 7 ztx9 0 General Information: Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh’s judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh’s judgment on the people of Judah. ZEP 1 7 etv8 figs-idiom 0 Be silent This is an idiom. Here silence is meant to signal shock and amazement. Alternate translation: “Be shocked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ZEP 1 7 xb5b figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh has prepared the sacrifice and set apart his guests The people of Judah are spoken of as Yahweh’s sacrifice, and the enemy nations are spoken of as his guests who would eat the sacrifice. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has prepared the people of Judah as a sacrifice, and invited the enemy nations as his guests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ ZEP 1 8 z1ix figs-123person 0 General Information: In verses 1:8-13, Yahweh is ZEP 1 8 w2xl 0 It will come about This phrase is used to mark the point at which Yahweh’s judgment of Judah will begin. ZEP 1 8 igq2 figs-explicit 0 everyone dressed in foreign clothes This phrase suggests that the Israelites wore clothes similar to the foreigners to show sympathy to their customs and to the worship of their foreign gods. Alternate translation: “everyone who worships foreign gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ZEP 1 9 gma8 0 On that day “On the day of Yahweh” -ZEP 1 9 fr1s 0 all those who leap over the threshold Possible meanings are (1) this is a reference to people who did not step on thresholds as part of their worship of a god called Dagan or (2) people who leapt up onto platforms to worship pagan idols or (3) royal officials who climbed the steps to the throne. +ZEP 1 9 fr1s 0 all those who leap over the threshold This could mean: (1) this is a reference to people who did not step on thresholds as part of their worship of a god called Dagan or (2) people who leapt up onto platforms to worship pagan idols or (3) royal officials who climbed the steps to the throne. ZEP 1 9 u614 0 fill their master’s house with violence and deceit The abstract nouns “violence” and “deceit” can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “those who do violent things and tell lies in the temples of their gods” ZEP 1 10 n2di figs-123person 0 General Information: Zephaniah 1:2-18 refers to Yahweh’s judgment. Zephaniah 1:4-16 describes Yahweh’s judgment on the people of Judah. In Zephaniah 1:8-13, Yahweh is speaking. He alternates between using first person and speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ZEP 1 10 mm2c 0 Fish Gate The Fish Gate was one of the gates in the Jerusalem city wall. @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ ZEP 1 13 nu8u 0 an abandoned devastation “destroyed and abandoned” ZEP 1 14 r2si 0 General Information: Verses 1:2-18 refer to Yahweh’s judgment. Verses 1:4-16 describe Yahweh’s judgment on the people of Judah. ZEP 1 14 a6kw figs-doublet 0 near, near and hurrying quickly The repetition of the word “near,” along with the phrase “hurrying quickly,” emphasize that the day when Yahweh judges the people will soon happen. Alternate translation: “close and will be here soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) ZEP 1 14 ky2m 0 the day of Yahweh See how you translated this phrase in [Zephaniah 1:7](../01/07.md). -ZEP 1 14 nu8q 0 a warrior crying bitterly Possible meanings are (1) a soldier crying in despair or (2) a soldier’s battle cry. +ZEP 1 14 nu8q 0 a warrior crying bitterly This could mean: (1) a soldier crying in despair or (2) a soldier’s battle cry. ZEP 1 15 xb57 0 That day…a day These phrases refer back to the “day of Yahweh” in [Zephaniah 1:14](../01/14.md). ZEP 1 15 lw4t figs-doublet 0 a day of distress and anguish The words “distress” and “anguish” mean about the same thing and emphasize the intensity of the people’s distress. Alternate translation: “a day when people feel terrible distress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) ZEP 1 15 ud2q figs-doublet 0 a day of storm and devastation Here the word “storm” refers to divine judgment. The word “devastation” describes the effects of that judgment. Alternate translation: “a day of devastating storms” or “a day of devastating judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ ZEP 3 16 pc5c figs-metaphor 0 Do not let your hands falter To feel weak or help ZEP 3 17 w8tr 0 General Information: In verses 3:14-20, Zephaniah tells the remnant of Israel who survived the judgment that they should rejoice. ZEP 3 17 g95f figs-metaphor 0 a mighty one to save you “he is mighty and will save you.” Yahweh is spoken of as a mighty warrior. Alternate translation: “he is a mighty warrior and will give you victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ZEP 3 17 gk13 figs-parallelism 0 He will celebrate over you with joy…he will be glad over you with a shout for joy These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize Yahweh’s joy that the remnant is restored to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -ZEP 3 17 h9ek 0 he will be silent over you in his love Possible meanings are (1) “he will quiet you by his love for you” or (2) “he will renew you because he loves you.” +ZEP 3 17 h9ek 0 he will be silent over you in his love This could mean: (1) “he will quiet you by his love for you” or (2) “he will renew you because he loves you.” ZEP 3 18 i4ff figs-metaphor 0 no longer bear any shame for it Here shame is spoken of as if it was a heavy thing that a person had to carry. Alternate translation: “no longer be ashamed because of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ZEP 3 19 ih9r 0 General Information: In verses 3:19-20, Yahweh speaks directly to the remnant of Israel who survived the judgment and tells them that they should rejoice. ZEP 3 19 f6zj 0 Behold This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Pay attention” diff --git a/en_tn_37-HAG.tsv b/en_tn_37-HAG.tsv index 3d9ef97a9f..07132dfc53 100644 --- a/en_tn_37-HAG.tsv +++ b/en_tn_37-HAG.tsv @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ HAG 1 11 v7pk figs-metonymy 0 upon the new wine, upon the oil “Wine” and HAG 1 11 ird4 figs-abstractnouns 0 all the labor of your hands The abstract noun “labor” can be translated using the phrase “work hard.” The labor that the hands perform is a metonym for the things that the labor produces. The hand is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “everything you have worked hard to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) HAG 1 12 n5g8 translate-names 0 Zerubbabel…Shealtiel…Joshua…Jehozadak…Haggai See how you translated these men’s names in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) HAG 1 12 c4he figs-metonymy 0 obeyed the voice of Yahweh…the words of Haggai The voice and the words are metonyms for the persons. Alternate translation: “obeyed Yahweh and Haggai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -HAG 1 12 e9sl figs-synecdoche 0 the people feared the face of Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) the face could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the people feared Yahweh” or (2) the face could be a metonym for the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “the people were afraid to be in Yahweh’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +HAG 1 12 e9sl figs-synecdoche 0 the people feared the face of Yahweh This could mean: (1) the face could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the people feared Yahweh” or (2) the face could be a metonym for the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “the people were afraid to be in Yahweh’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) HAG 1 13 dtj5 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” HAG 1 14 n1e7 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh stirred up the spirit of the governor of Judah, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, and the spirit of the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, and the spirit of all the remnant of the people Stirring the spirit is a metonym for making someone want to act. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made the governor of Judah, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, and the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, and all the remnant of the people want to act” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) HAG 1 14 iax3 0 remnant people who were still alive after being captive in Babylon and had returned to Jerusalem @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ HAG 2 4 x8wv figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts Yahweh HAG 2 6 e2qq figs-metaphor 0 I will…shake the heavens…the earth…the sea…the dry land The words “I will shake the earth” could be translated as “I will cause an earthquake,” and that earthquake would shake “the sea” as well as “the dry land,” a merism for the entire earth. Yahweh speaks of the heavens and every nation as if they also were solid objects that he could shake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) HAG 2 6 l2sj 0 shake Use the verb you usually use for pushing trees back and forth to get fruit or other objects to fall from them. HAG 2 7 hre1 figs-metaphor 0 I will shake every nation The metaphor that begins with the words “I will…shake the heavens” in verse 6 ends here. Yahweh speaks of every nation as if they also were solid objects that he could shake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) -HAG 2 7 u8qx figs-metaphor 0 I will fill this house with glory Yahweh speaks of glory as if it were a solid or liquid that could be put into a container, the temple. Possible meanings are (1) the temple will become very beautiful. Alternate translation: “I will make this house very beautiful” or (2) the “precious things” that “every nation will bring” include much silver and gold and other forms of wealth. Alternate translation: “I will have people bring many beautiful things into this house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +HAG 2 7 u8qx figs-metaphor 0 I will fill this house with glory Yahweh speaks of glory as if it were a solid or liquid that could be put into a container, the temple. This could mean: (1) the temple will become very beautiful. Alternate translation: “I will make this house very beautiful” or (2) the “precious things” that “every nation will bring” include much silver and gold and other forms of wealth. Alternate translation: “I will have people bring many beautiful things into this house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) HAG 2 8 f56d figs-123person 0 this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) HAG 2 10 wc9p translate-hebrewmonths 0 On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) HAG 2 10 if92 translate-ordinal 0 in the second year of Darius “in the second year of the reign of Darius” or “when Darius had been king for more than one year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) diff --git a/en_tn_38-ZEC.tsv b/en_tn_38-ZEC.tsv index a1c1ebf227..2c8a400ef8 100644 --- a/en_tn_38-ZEC.tsv +++ b/en_tn_38-ZEC.tsv @@ -23,19 +23,19 @@ ZEC 1 8 rsm4 0 look The word “look” here shows that Zechariah was surprise ZEC 1 8 fg97 translate-unknown 0 myrtle trees a kind of small tree with colorful flowers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) ZEC 1 9 rb9l 0 I said, “What are these things, Lord?” Then the angel who talked with me Here Zechariah speaks to an unidentified angel. This is not the same as the “man” who was “riding on a red horse.” ZEC 1 9 l5k2 0 What are these things, Lord? “What are these things, sir?” Here the word “Lord” is a form of polite address. -ZEC 1 10 uiv2 figs-idiom 0 the man who stood among the myrtle trees These phrases refer to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). Possible meanings are (1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or (2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the man who was among the myrtle trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -ZEC 1 10 m3qf figs-explicit 0 These are those The word “these” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are (1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or (2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +ZEC 1 10 uiv2 figs-idiom 0 the man who stood among the myrtle trees These phrases refer to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). This could mean: (1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or (2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the man who was among the myrtle trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +ZEC 1 10 m3qf figs-explicit 0 These are those The word “these” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. This could mean: (1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or (2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) ZEC 1 10 paz1 figs-explicit 0 to roam throughout the earth It is implicit that Yahweh sent these out to walk about in order to patrol the earth. This does not suggest that they were wandering or lost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -ZEC 1 11 p8ce figs-idiom 0 the angel of Yahweh who stood among the myrtle trees This phrase refers to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). Possible meanings are (1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or (2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the angel of Yahweh who was among the myrtle trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -ZEC 1 11 vum3 figs-explicit 0 They answered…they said The word “they” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are (1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or (2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -ZEC 1 11 z1nt figs-metaphor 0 all the earth sits still and is at rest There being peace and quiet in the world is spoken of as if the earth were a person who is still and resting. Possible meanings are (1) this is a good thing that means that there is peace between nations or (2) this is a bad thing that means that there is no war because nations are helpless to fight against a stronger nation that has subdued them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ZEC 1 11 p8ce figs-idiom 0 the angel of Yahweh who stood among the myrtle trees This phrase refers to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). This could mean: (1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or (2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the angel of Yahweh who was among the myrtle trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +ZEC 1 11 vum3 figs-explicit 0 They answered…they said The word “they” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. This could mean: (1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or (2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +ZEC 1 11 z1nt figs-metaphor 0 all the earth sits still and is at rest There being peace and quiet in the world is spoken of as if the earth were a person who is still and resting. This could mean: (1) this is a good thing that means that there is peace between nations or (2) this is a bad thing that means that there is no war because nations are helpless to fight against a stronger nation that has subdued them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ZEC 1 12 hd8w figs-metonymy 0 to Jerusalem and to the cities of Judah Here the words “Jerusalem” and “cities” refer to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: “to the people of Jerusalem and to the people of the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ZEC 1 13 ea77 0 with good words, words of comfort “with good, comforting words” ZEC 1 14 z627 0 I have been jealous for Jerusalem Here the word “jealous” refers to Yahweh’s strong desire to protect his people. ZEC 1 15 z4b6 figs-idiom 0 I am very angry with the nations that are at ease The phrase “at ease” means that the people thought that they lived in peace and security. Alternate translation: “I am very angry with the nations that enjoy peace and security” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ZEC 1 15 vt8i 0 I was only a little angry with them “I was only a little angry with the people of Jerusalem” ZEC 1 15 ml6d figs-explicit 0 they made the disaster worse “the nations that are at ease made the disaster worse.” This means that although Yahweh used these nations to punish Jerusalem, they did more harm to Jerusalem than what Yahweh had intended for them to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -ZEC 1 16 irm7 figs-metaphor 0 I have returned to Jerusalem with mercies Possible meanings are (1) although Yahweh had left Jerusalem when the people had gone into exile, he will now return to Jerusalem when they have come back from exile or (2) Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude towards the people of Jerusalem and again blessing them and helping them as if he were returning to the city. Alternate translation: “I will once again show mercy towards Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ZEC 1 16 irm7 figs-metaphor 0 I have returned to Jerusalem with mercies This could mean: (1) although Yahweh had left Jerusalem when the people had gone into exile, he will now return to Jerusalem when they have come back from exile or (2) Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude towards the people of Jerusalem and again blessing them and helping them as if he were returning to the city. Alternate translation: “I will once again show mercy towards Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ZEC 1 16 mlv6 figs-metonymy 0 My house will be built within her The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, and the word “house” is a metonym for the temple. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people will build my temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ZEC 1 16 qz6g figs-explicit 0 the measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem This refers to builders using their instruments to rebuild the city. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “builders will stretch out their measuring lines over Jerusalem” or “the people will rebuild Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ZEC 1 17 xwc5 0 Again call out, saying The angel who was speaking to Zechariah says these words. @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ ZEC 2 8 qki8 0 General Information: Zechariah begins to speak and tells how Ya ZEC 2 8 uv6h figs-explicit 0 for whoever touches you The word “touches” refers to a touch meant to harm. Alternate translation: “for whoever harms you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ZEC 2 9 w4b5 translate-symaction 0 I myself will shake my hand over them Raising one’s hand against another person is a gesture of hostility. Here it is a symbolic action that means that God will attack those who harm Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “I myself will fight against them” or “I myself will attack them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) ZEC 2 9 q7li 0 they will be plunder for their slaves The word “plunder” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “their slaves will plunder them” -ZEC 2 10 n5lp figs-metaphor 0 Sing for joy, daughter of Zion “Zion” is the same as “Jerusalem.” The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. Possible meanings are (1) Zechariah personifies the city as a person who can sing. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, Zion” or (2) the phrase “daughter of Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +ZEC 2 10 n5lp figs-metaphor 0 Sing for joy, daughter of Zion “Zion” is the same as “Jerusalem.” The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. This could mean: (1) Zechariah personifies the city as a person who can sing. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, Zion” or (2) the phrase “daughter of Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ZEC 2 10 ph8u figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ZEC 2 11 h8g4 figs-metaphor 0 great nations will join themselves to Yahweh Zechariah speaks of the people of great nations becoming Yahweh’s people and worshiping him as if they were joining themselves to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the people of great nations will become the people of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ZEC 2 11 glg2 0 in that day “at that time” @@ -105,10 +105,10 @@ ZEC 4 3 n5h3 figs-ellipsis 0 the left side The ellipsis in this phrase may be s ZEC 4 5 d96u figs-rquestion 0 Do you not know what these things mean? The angel asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that Zechariah should have known what these things mean. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you know what these things mean.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ZEC 4 6 gn9k 0 Connecting Statement: The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision. ZEC 4 6 y1pw figs-explicit 0 Not by might nor by power Since there is no verb in this phrase, it may be necessary in your language to supply one. Alternate translation: “You will not succeed by might nor by power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -ZEC 4 6 wt9s figs-doublet 0 Not by might nor by power Possible meanings are (1) that the words “might” and “power” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Zerubbabel’s strength or (2) that the word “might” refers to military strength and the word “power” refers to Zerubbabel’s physical ability. Alternate translation: “Certainly not by your own strength” or “Not by military strength nor by your own power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +ZEC 4 6 wt9s figs-doublet 0 Not by might nor by power This could mean: (1) that the words “might” and “power” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Zerubbabel’s strength or (2) that the word “might” refers to military strength and the word “power” refers to Zerubbabel’s physical ability. Alternate translation: “Certainly not by your own strength” or “Not by military strength nor by your own power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) ZEC 4 7 abe2 figs-metaphor 0 What are you, great mountain? Before Zerubbabel you will become a plain This is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of the obstacles that Zerubbabel will face as if they were a large mountain. He asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that these obstacles pose no threat to Zerubbabel’s success. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are nothing, great mountain! Zerubbabel will cause you to become a plain” or “Although obstacles may appear as large as mountains, Zerubbabel will overcome them as easily as one walks upon level ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ZEC 4 7 k6l1 figs-explicit 0 he will bring out the top stone The top stone is the last stone placed when building something. This refers to the top stone of the temple. Alternate translation: “he will bring out the top stone of the temple” or “he will complete the construction of the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -ZEC 4 7 cbj6 figs-explicit 0 to shouts of ‘Grace! Grace to it!’ Possible meanings are (1) the word “grace” refers to God’s grace and the people are requesting that God bless the completed temple. Alternate translation: “while people shout, ‘May God bless it! May God bless it!’” or (2) the word “grace” refers to beauty and the people are declaring how beautiful the completed temple is. Alternate translation: “while people shout, ‘Beautiful! It is beautiful!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +ZEC 4 7 cbj6 figs-explicit 0 to shouts of ‘Grace! Grace to it!’ This could mean: (1) the word “grace” refers to God’s grace and the people are requesting that God bless the completed temple. Alternate translation: “while people shout, ‘May God bless it! May God bless it!’” or (2) the word “grace” refers to beauty and the people are declaring how beautiful the completed temple is. Alternate translation: “while people shout, ‘Beautiful! It is beautiful!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ZEC 4 8 j4n7 0 Connecting Statement: The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision. ZEC 4 8 lpf1 figs-idiom 0 The word of Yahweh came to me, saying This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to me. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ZEC 4 9 z7ve figs-synecdoche 0 The hands of Zerubbabel have laid…his hands will bring it to completion Here the word “hands” represents Zerubbabel. Alternate translation: “Zerubbabel has laid…he will bring it to completion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) @@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ ZEC 6 6 v88q 0 the white horses are going out to the west country Some modern ZEC 6 6 g5r6 figs-metonymy 0 the white horses are…the spotted gray horses are Here the horses represent the chariots that they pull. Alternate translation: “the chariot with the white horses is…the chariot with the spotted gray horses is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ZEC 6 8 ny4a 0 he called out to me “the angel called out to me” ZEC 6 8 n3x1 0 Look at the ones “Look at the black horses” -ZEC 6 8 c7ix figs-metonymy 0 they will appease my spirit concerning the north country The words “my spirit” refer to Yahweh, so many translations change this to read “Yahweh’s spirit.” Possible meanings are (1) the word “spirit” represents Yahweh’s emotions and appeasing his spirit means that the chariots will cause Yahweh no longer to be angry with the north country Alternate translation: “they will calm my anger concerning the north country” or (2) the word “spirit” represents Yahweh’s presence and the chariots will cause the Jews who live in the north land to experience Yahweh’s blessings. Alternate translation: “they will cause my spirit to rest in the north country” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +ZEC 6 8 c7ix figs-metonymy 0 they will appease my spirit concerning the north country The words “my spirit” refer to Yahweh, so many translations change this to read “Yahweh’s spirit.” This could mean: (1) the word “spirit” represents Yahweh’s emotions and appeasing his spirit means that the chariots will cause Yahweh no longer to be angry with the north country Alternate translation: “they will calm my anger concerning the north country” or (2) the word “spirit” represents Yahweh’s presence and the chariots will cause the Jews who live in the north land to experience Yahweh’s blessings. Alternate translation: “they will cause my spirit to rest in the north country” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ZEC 6 9 jej6 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to me, saying This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to me. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ZEC 6 10 fez9 translate-names 0 Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ZEC 6 10 m87p 0 this same day “today” @@ -173,8 +173,8 @@ ZEC 6 11 x4hk 0 take the silver and gold, make a crown “make a crown with th ZEC 6 12 wn66 0 Speak to him and say “Speak to Joshua and say” ZEC 6 12 ihw2 figs-metaphor 0 his name is Branch The word “Branch” refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh’s people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word “Branch” is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. See how you translated this name in [Zechariah 3:8](../03/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ZEC 6 12 w53q figs-metaphor 0 He will grow up where he is The phrase “grow up” refers to the growth of a plant, and so continues the metaphor of this person as a “Branch.” This likely refers to this person appearing or coming into power as the one who would supervise the rebuilding of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ZEC 6 13 lm52 0 He will be a priest on his throne Possible meanings are (1) the “Branch” will be both priest and king or (2) the “Branch” will be king, and another person will be a priest who will share the royal power. Alternate translation: “There will be a priest upon his throne” -ZEC 6 13 uyq6 0 he will bear a counsel of peace between the two The words “the two” refer to the roles of king and priest. The meaning of this phrase depends upon the meaning of the previous phrase. Possible meanings are (1) the “Branch” will faithfully carry out his duties as both priest and king and not forsake one in order to fulfill the other or (2) the “Branch” who serves as king and the other person who serves as a priest will each carry out their duties faithfully and they will work together in peace. +ZEC 6 13 lm52 0 He will be a priest on his throne This could mean: (1) the “Branch” will be both priest and king or (2) the “Branch” will be king, and another person will be a priest who will share the royal power. Alternate translation: “There will be a priest upon his throne” +ZEC 6 13 uyq6 0 he will bear a counsel of peace between the two The words “the two” refer to the roles of king and priest. The meaning of this phrase depends upon the meaning of the previous phrase. This could mean: (1) the “Branch” will faithfully carry out his duties as both priest and king and not forsake one in order to fulfill the other or (2) the “Branch” who serves as king and the other person who serves as a priest will each carry out their duties faithfully and they will work together in peace. ZEC 6 14 ea75 figs-activepassive 0 The crown will given This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will give the crown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ZEC 6 14 xn98 translate-names 0 Heldai, Tobijah, Jedaiah…Hen These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [Zechariah 6:10](../06/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ZEC 6 14 f3px 0 for Hen son of Zephaniah as a memorial Some modern versions interpret this phrase as “as a memorial to the generosity of the son of Zephaniah” or “as a memorial to the one who is gracious, the son of Zephaniah.” Also, some modern versions interpret the name “Hen” as meaning the name “Josiah.” @@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ ZEC 7 5 v5v5 figs-ellipsis 0 in the fifth The word “month” can be supplied ZEC 7 5 tfh8 figs-explicit 0 in the seventh month The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]]) ZEC 7 5 d7zd figs-explicit 0 for these seventy years The assumed knowledge is that the people of Israel had been slaves in Babylon for 70 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) ZEC 7 5 n3dw figs-rquestion 0 were you truly fasting for me? This question is asked to make the people think about what their real reason for fasting had been. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “you were not really fasting for me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -ZEC 7 6 p43p 0 When you ate and drank Possible meanings are (1) when they feasted and drank when celebrating religious festivals or (2) when they ate and drank whenever they were not fasting. +ZEC 7 6 p43p 0 When you ate and drank This could mean: (1) when they feasted and drank when celebrating religious festivals or (2) when they ate and drank whenever they were not fasting. ZEC 7 6 ax5v figs-rquestion 0 did you not eat and drink for yourselves? This question is used to make the people think about whether they were honoring Yahweh when they ate and drank. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “it was for yourselves that you ate and drank.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ZEC 7 7 qy27 figs-rquestion 0 Were these not the same words…to the west? Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “These are the same words…to the west.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ZEC 7 7 dqw4 figs-metonymy 0 by the mouth of the former prophets Here “mouth” is a metonym for the words spoken by the mouth. Alternate translation: “by the words of the former prophets” or “through the former prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ ZEC 8 6 d5cx 0 the remnant of this people “the people of Judah who survive ZEC 8 6 c478 figs-metaphor 0 in my eyes The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ZEC 8 6 kp58 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ZEC 8 7 f4bz figs-explicit 0 I am about to rescue my people The implied information is that the people are in exile. “I am about to rescue my people of Judah who went into exile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -ZEC 8 7 x6hq figs-merism 0 from the land of the sunrise and from the land of the setting sun Possible meanings are (1) this is a poetic way of expressing specific countries to which the people were exiled. Alternate translation: “From the land to the east and from the land to the west” or (2) this is a merism that means from all directions. Alternate translation: “from all lands in every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +ZEC 8 7 x6hq figs-merism 0 from the land of the sunrise and from the land of the setting sun This could mean: (1) this is a poetic way of expressing specific countries to which the people were exiled. Alternate translation: “From the land to the east and from the land to the west” or (2) this is a merism that means from all directions. Alternate translation: “from all lands in every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) ZEC 8 8 bcy7 figs-abstractnouns 0 I will be their God in truth and in righteousness This can be rewritten to remove the abstract nouns “truth” and “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “I will be their God. I will be faithful to them and act toward them in a just manner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) ZEC 8 9 h94j figs-idiom 0 Strengthen your hands This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: “Be strong and courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ZEC 8 10 h2cs 0 For before those days Here “those days” refers to the time the people of Judah started to rebuild the temple. @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ ZEC 8 12 nk96 figs-metaphor 0 the earth will give its produce; the skies will g ZEC 8 12 gq8d 0 inherit all these things “to have all these things” ZEC 8 13 y21m figs-explicit 0 You were an example to the other nations of a curse The implied information is that the way Yahweh had allowed the temple to be destroyed and his people to be exiled had been used by other nations as an example of what it meant to be cursed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: “When I punished you, the other nations learned what happens when I curse a people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ZEC 8 13 mk9i figs-metonymy 0 house of Judah and house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdoms of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “people of Judah and Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ZEC 8 13 sqv8 figs-explicit 0 you will be a blessing Possible meanings are (1) the implied information is that the people of Judah and Israel would be a blessing to the nations around them. Alternate translation: “you will be a blessing to the surrounding nations” or (2) the implied information is that the nations around them would see what it meant to be blessed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: when I bless you, the other nations will learn what happens when I bless a people” or (3) Yahweh will bless the people of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “I will give you many good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +ZEC 8 13 sqv8 figs-explicit 0 you will be a blessing This could mean: (1) the implied information is that the people of Judah and Israel would be a blessing to the nations around them. Alternate translation: “you will be a blessing to the surrounding nations” or (2) the implied information is that the nations around them would see what it meant to be blessed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: when I bless you, the other nations will learn what happens when I bless a people” or (3) Yahweh will bless the people of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “I will give you many good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ZEC 8 13 msq7 figs-idiom 0 let your hands be strong This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: “be strong and courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ZEC 8 13 v8du figs-metonymy 0 house of Judah and house of Israel The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah. Alternate translation: “people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ZEC 8 14 z32e 0 do harm to you “punish you” @@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ ZEC 9 1 fi2z 0 for the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are t ZEC 9 1 b62m figs-metonymy 0 the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh Here “eyes” refers to what they look at. Alternate translation: “all humanity and all the tribes of Israel look toward Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ZEC 9 2 dbk5 figs-metonymy 0 Hamath This refers to the people who live in that land. Alternate translation: “the people of the land of Hamath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ZEC 9 2 x51x figs-metonymy 0 Tyre and Sidon This refers to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: “the people of Tyre and Sidon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ZEC 9 2 z6mi figs-irony 0 for they are very wise Possible meanings are (1) the people are wise for looking at Yahweh for help or (2) Zechariah did not really mean that the people of Hamath were wise and was using irony. Alternate translation: “though they think they are very wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +ZEC 9 2 z6mi figs-irony 0 for they are very wise This could mean: (1) the people are wise for looking at Yahweh for help or (2) Zechariah did not really mean that the people of Hamath were wise and was using irony. Alternate translation: “though they think they are very wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) ZEC 9 3 vi9s figs-personification 0 built herself a stronghold Here the city of Tyre is pictured as a woman. Alternate translation: “built a strong fortress” or “built a high wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) ZEC 9 3 p2xv figs-hyperbole 0 heaped up silver like dust and refined gold like mud in the streets Yahweh exaggerates to emphasize how rich Tyre was. Alternate translation: “accumulated silver and gold as much as soil in the streets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) ZEC 9 4 ps4e 0 Look! The Lord will dispossess her Here “Look!” tells the reader to pay attention to the important statement that follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention! The Lord will take away Tyre’s possessions” @@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ ZEC 10 3 t1tc figs-metonymy 0 the house of Judah The word “house” is a meto ZEC 10 3 dd5g figs-metaphor 0 make them like his warhorse in battle Yahweh changes the metaphor for his people from defenseless sheep to a mighty war horse. He speaks of his people as if they were a strong horse in battle. Alternate translation: “will cause them to be strong like war horses in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ZEC 10 4 l1sr 0 General Information: It is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3-5. ZEC 10 4 se8u figs-metaphor 0 From Judah will come the cornerstone “The cornerstone will come from Judah.” The most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main foundation stone of a building. Alternate translation: “One of the descendants of Judah will become the most important ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ZEC 10 4 xep2 writing-symlanguage 0 the cornerstone…the tent peg…the war bow Possible meanings for these three things are (1) they may be symbolic language that refers to the Messiah who will come from the tribe of Judah or (2) they may refer to different leaders who will come from Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) +ZEC 10 4 xep2 writing-symlanguage 0 the cornerstone…the tent peg…the war bow This could mean: (1) they may be symbolic language that refers to the Messiah who will come from the tribe of Judah or (2) they may refer to different leaders who will come from Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) ZEC 10 4 q653 figs-metaphor 0 from him will come the tent peg “the tent peg will come from him.” The tent pegs held the ropes that supported tents in which people lived. Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main peg that holds a tent in place. Alternate translation: “the leader who will hold the nation together will come from Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ZEC 10 4 mgt1 figs-metaphor 0 from him will come the war bow “the war bow will come from him.” Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the a war bow that was used in battle. Alternate translation: “the military leader will come from Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ZEC 10 4 cw1m 0 from him will come every ruler together “every ruler will come from Judah” @@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ ZEC 11 2 gbt2 figs-personification 0 Lament, you oaks of Bashan, for the strong ZEC 11 3 pb1q 0 The shepherds howl “The shepherds cry out loudly” ZEC 11 3 ji77 figs-metonymy 0 for their glory has been destroyed Here “their glory” probably represents the rich pastures that the shepherds led their sheep to. Alternate translation: “for their rich pastures are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ZEC 11 3 h9cl figs-metonymy 0 for the pride of the Jordan River has been devastated Here “the pride” probably represents the forests that grew near the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “because the trees and shrubbery where they lived by the Jordan River are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ZEC 11 4 zxx9 translate-symaction 0 General Information: In 11:4-17 is a story about two shepherds. Possible meanings are (1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or (2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) +ZEC 11 4 zxx9 translate-symaction 0 General Information: In 11:4-17 is a story about two shepherds. This could mean: (1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or (2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) ZEC 11 4 u48q 0 watch over the flock set aside for slaughter “take care of a flock of sheep that the owners plan to slaughter” ZEC 11 5 ip1w figs-activepassive 0 are not punished This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one punishes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ZEC 11 6 ljs6 figs-123person 0 this is Yahweh’s declaration Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) @@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ ZEC 11 6 qz87 figs-metonymy 0 turn over every person into the hand of his neigh ZEC 11 6 sr77 figs-metonymy 0 none of them will I deliver them from their hand Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I will not save them from those who are harming them” or “I will not rescue them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ZEC 11 7 jsk4 0 for those who dealt in sheep “for those who bought and sold sheep” ZEC 11 7 gy5l 0 Favor Other versions of the Bible translate this word as “grace,” “beauty,” or “pleasant.” -ZEC 11 8 kqz7 0 I became impatient with them, Possible meanings are (1) “them” refers to the three shepherds or (2) “them” refers to the sheep owners. +ZEC 11 8 kqz7 0 I became impatient with them, This could mean: (1) “them” refers to the three shepherds or (2) “them” refers to the sheep owners. ZEC 11 9 cnt4 figs-activepassive 0 the sheep that are being destroyed—let them be destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the sheep that are perishing—let them perish” or “the sheep that are to wander and get lost—let them get lost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ZEC 11 11 m881 figs-activepassive 0 the covenant was broken This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the covenant ended” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ZEC 11 11 ve5p figs-explicit 0 knew that Yahweh had spoken It is implied that those watching knew Yahweh was giving them a message through the breaking of the staff. Alternate translation: “knew that Yahweh had given them a message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ ZEC 11 13 e1ta 0 General Information: The parable about shepherds and sheep co ZEC 11 13 dv1a 0 treasury This is the place in the temple of Yahweh where the priests kept the money. Many versions of the Bible translate this as “potter.” This is the person who would melt metal to make vessels out of it. Here Yahweh would mean that the payment is so small that the shepherd should have the silver melted to show how insulted he was. ZEC 11 13 ye4f figs-irony 0 the excellent price Yahweh uses irony to say that this price was very small for a shepherd doing Yahweh’s work. Alternate translation: “the ridiculously small amount of money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) ZEC 11 14 js8t figs-metonymy 0 between Judah and Israel Here “Judah” represents the people of the southern kingdom and “Israel” represents the people of the northern kingdom. Alternate translation: “between the people of Judah and the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ZEC 11 15 q7l8 translate-symaction 0 General Information: This continues the story about two shepherds that began in [Zechariah 11:4](../11/04.md). Possible meanings are (1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or (2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) +ZEC 11 15 q7l8 translate-symaction 0 General Information: This continues the story about two shepherds that began in [Zechariah 11:4](../11/04.md). This could mean: (1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or (2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) ZEC 11 16 t1g5 figs-idiom 0 I am about to set in place a shepherd in the land Here “set in place” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I am about to appoint a shepherd in the land” or “I am about to put a shepherd in charge in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ZEC 11 16 qq2g 0 the fattened sheep “the fattest sheep” or “the best sheep” ZEC 11 16 wwi6 0 will tear off their hooves This was probably done as an act of cruelty. @@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ ZEC 12 6 l53t figs-merism 0 on their right and on their left Here “right” a ZEC 12 6 hh2l figs-metonymy 0 Jerusalem will again live in her own place Here “Jerusalem” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem will again live in their own city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ZEC 12 7 qxb1 0 General Information: These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city. ZEC 12 7 nba7 figs-metonymy 0 the tents of Judah Here “tents” represents homes, and homes represent the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ZEC 12 7 h87n figs-metonymy 0 the house of David Possible meanings are (1) the descendants of David or (2) the ruling class of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +ZEC 12 7 h87n figs-metonymy 0 the house of David This could mean: (1) the descendants of David or (2) the ruling class of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ZEC 12 8 ys6n figs-simile 0 those who are weak among them will be like David This simile means those who are weak will be strong. Alternate translation: “those who are weak will be strong like David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ZEC 12 8 zz25 0 the angel of Yahweh This is an angel sent by Yahweh to protect the people. ZEC 12 10 f9d7 figs-metaphor 0 I will pour out a spirit of compassion and pleading on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem Causing the people to be compassionate and to plead is spoken of as if the spirit were a liquid that Yahweh would pour on them. Alternate translation: “I will cause the house of David and inhabitants of Jerusalem to have mercy on others and to pray to me for mercy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ ZEC 14 10 sj4y translate-names 0 Arabah This is the name of a plain in the Jord ZEC 14 10 sxq5 translate-names 0 Geba This is the name of a town on the northern border of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ZEC 14 10 rz4c translate-names 0 Rimmon This is the name of a town south of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ZEC 14 10 uk8u grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 Jerusalem will continue to be raised up This contrasts Jerusalem, which will remain at a higher elevation, to the surrounding area, which is lower in elevation. The contrast can be indicated by adding the word “but.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But, Jerusalem will remain high up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -ZEC 14 10 eay1 translate-names 0 the Benjamin Gate…the first gate…the Corner Gate These are names of gates in the northeast part of city wall of Jerusalem. Possible meanings are (1) “the first gate” and “the Corner Gate” refer to the same gate or (2) “the first gate” and “the Corner gate” are separate gates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +ZEC 14 10 eay1 translate-names 0 the Benjamin Gate…the first gate…the Corner Gate These are names of gates in the northeast part of city wall of Jerusalem. This could mean: (1) “the first gate” and “the Corner Gate” refer to the same gate or (2) “the first gate” and “the Corner gate” are separate gates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ZEC 14 10 t1rw translate-names 0 the Tower of Hananel This refers to a strong point in the city defenses on the northern wall. It was probably built by a man named Hananel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ZEC 14 10 rki8 figs-explicit 0 the king’s winepresses This probably refers to the place where wine was made for the royal family. It was located in the southwest part of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ZEC 14 11 gbk1 figs-metonymy 0 Jerusalem will live in safety Here “Jerusalem” represents the people. Alternate translation: “The people will live safely in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/en_tn_39-MAL.tsv b/en_tn_39-MAL.tsv index b7f6747d18..0f7e4edf69 100644 --- a/en_tn_39-MAL.tsv +++ b/en_tn_39-MAL.tsv @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ MAL 1 11 v4x9 figs-merism 0 from the rising of the sun to its setting This doub MAL 1 11 ls76 figs-metonymy 0 my name will be great among the nations Here “my name” stands for Yahweh’s reputation and honor. Alternate translation: “I will be honored in other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) MAL 1 11 rx5c figs-activepassive 0 in every place incense and pure offerings will be offered in my name This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “in these nations people will offer incense and pure offerings to me in order to worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) MAL 1 11 m2j4 figs-metonymy 0 in my name Here “name” stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -MAL 1 12 n6gq 0 its fruit, its food Possible meanings are (1) “the meat sacrificed on the altar from animals whose other parts the priests should eat” or (2) “the meat sacrificed on the altar.” +MAL 1 12 n6gq 0 its fruit, its food This could mean: (1) “the meat sacrificed on the altar from animals whose other parts the priests should eat” or (2) “the meat sacrificed on the altar.” MAL 1 13 la3n figs-idiom 0 snort at it show great disrespect by making noises through the nose (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) MAL 1 13 kz7p figs-rquestion 0 Should I accept this from your hand? Here Yahweh is asking a question in order to make a statement of rebuke. Alternate translation: “I should certainly not accept this from you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) MAL 1 13 nx88 figs-synecdoche 0 from your hand Here “your hand” stands for “you.” Alternate translation: “from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ MAL 2 2 b7vl figs-idiom 0 you are not laying my command on your heart This refe MAL 2 3 vsb2 figs-metaphor 0 I will spread dung on your faces Here “dung on your faces” stands for disgrace. Alternate translation: “I will most certainly put you in deep disgrace; it will be as bad as if I had spread dung on your faces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MAL 2 3 skc9 figs-metonymy 0 the dung from your festivals Here “festivals” stands for the animals that the priests offered in sacrifice at the Israelite festivals. “The dung” probably refers both to the dung that was produced by the animals just before they were slaughtered for sacrifice, and to the dung that was found inside the animals when their bodies were cut apart before being sacrificed. Temple workers had to transport this dung to a place outside of the temple, and probably outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) MAL 2 3 m2bs figs-activepassive 0 he will take you away with it This difficult expression can be translated as “God will take you away with it,” that is, with the dung. This expression continues the same metaphor of slaughtering animals for sacrifice, and it can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “they will throw you on the dung pile; God will make sure that they take you away when they remove all the dung” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -MAL 2 3 zti7 figs-metaphor 0 he will take you away with it Possible meanings of this expression are (1) God will punish the unfaithful priests by killing them and causing their bodies to be carried away on the piles of animal dung, or (2) God will punish the unfaithful priests in such a horrible way that it will be as if their bodies had been carried away with the animal dung. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +MAL 2 3 zti7 figs-metaphor 0 he will take you away with it This could mean: (1) God will punish the unfaithful priests by killing them and causing their bodies to be carried away on the piles of animal dung, or (2) God will punish the unfaithful priests in such a horrible way that it will be as if their bodies had been carried away with the animal dung. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MAL 2 4 cr4j figs-metonymy 0 Levi Here Levi represents his descendants, the tribe of Levi. Alternate translation: “so that my covenant may be with you, the descendants of Levi” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) MAL 2 5 x7pv figs-metonymy 0 General Information: Yahweh speaks of the tribe of Levi as though they are Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) MAL 2 5 t8fs figs-metaphor 0 My covenant with him was life and peace Here the intended results of the covenant are spoken of as if they were the covenant itself. Alternate translation: “The purpose of my covenant with Levi was for the priests to live in prosperity and peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -185,8 +185,8 @@ MAL 4 1 f4xr figs-metonymy 0 The day that is coming will burn them up Here “t MAL 4 1 x4ll figs-merism 0 it will leave them neither root nor branch This expression continues to speak of people as if they were plants or trees. So being deprived of all roots and branches stands for being completely killed off. Alternate translation: “nothing will be left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MAL 4 2 tqe5 figs-metonymy 0 you who fear my name Here “my name” stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) MAL 4 2 jc14 0 the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings This can mean (1) Yahweh, who always acts righteously, will come and heal his people on that day or (2) on that day Yahweh will reveal the people’s righteousness and heal them. -MAL 4 2 p4nc figs-abstractnouns 0 healing in its wings Possible meanings are (1) the act of healing someone is spoken of as if it were an object that the sun carried to people by means of its wings or (2) the healing takes place under the wings, that is, in the security God gives his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -MAL 4 2 n991 figs-metaphor 0 wings It was common in the Ancient Near East to speak of the sun as if it had wings, with which it moved across the sky. Possible meanings are (1) the sun’s life-giving rays of light are spoken of as if they were its wings or (2) the wings are said to cover God’s people so as to give them peace and safey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +MAL 4 2 p4nc figs-abstractnouns 0 healing in its wings This could mean: (1) the act of healing someone is spoken of as if it were an object that the sun carried to people by means of its wings or (2) the healing takes place under the wings, that is, in the security God gives his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +MAL 4 2 n991 figs-metaphor 0 wings It was common in the Ancient Near East to speak of the sun as if it had wings, with which it moved across the sky. This could mean: (1) the sun’s life-giving rays of light are spoken of as if they were its wings or (2) the wings are said to cover God’s people so as to give them peace and safey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MAL 4 2 is44 figs-simile 0 You will go out, and you will leap like calves from the stall Here the redeemed people of Yahweh are spoken of as if they were young bulls released from their stalls, allowed to go out into their pasture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) MAL 4 3 cn2r figs-metaphor 0 you will trample down the wicked, for they will be ashes under the soles of your feet Here the victory of God’s people is spoken of as if they were walking over the burned bodies of their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) MAL 4 3 f8ct 0 they will be ashes The Israelites’ enemies are spoken of as having been burned to ashes ([Malachi 4:1](../04/01.md)).