Merge pull request 'Seth's edits to Revelation 2' (#2633) from SethAdcock-tc-create-1 into master

Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2633

en_tn_67-REV.tsv

@@ -97,15 +97,16 @@ REV	1	20	d6ez	writing-symlanguage	τῶν ἑπτὰ ἀστέρων	1	stars	See
 REV	1	20	fl5d	writing-symlanguage	λυχνίας	1	lampstands	See how you translated this word in [verse 12](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
 REV	1	20	eek9	figs-explicit	ἄγγελοι τῶν ἑπτὰ ἐκκλησιῶν	1	the angels of the seven churches	Here, **the angels of the seven churches** could refer to: (1) heavenly angels who protect the seven churches, as in the ULT. (2) human messengers who are sent to the seven churches. In this case they could either be leaders of the seven churches or the actual messengers who went from John bearing the Book of Revelation to the seven churches mentioned in [verse 11](../01/11.md). Alternate translation: “the seven messengers of the seven churches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 REV	1	20	e25n		τῶν ἑπτὰ ἐκκλησιῶν	1	seven churches	See how you translated this in [verse 11](../01/11.md).
-REV	2	intro	zps2			0		# Revelation 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Outline of Chapters Two and Three of Revelation<br><br>I. The Current Condition of the Churches (2:1-3:22)<br><br>A. The Letter to Ephesus (2:1-7)<br><br>B. The Letter to Smyrna (2:8-11)<br><br><br>C. The Letter to Pergamum (2:12-17)<br><br><br>D. The Letter to Thyatira (2:18-29)<br><br><br>E. The Letter to Sardis (3:1-6)<br><br><br>F. The Letter to Philadelphia (3:7-13)<br><br><br>G. The Letter to Laodicea (3:14-22)<br><br><br>Chapters 2 and 3 together are usually called the “seven letters to the seven churches.” You may wish to set each letter apart. The reader can then easily see that they are separate letters.<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verse 27.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Poverty and wealth<br><br>The Christians in Smyrna were poor because they did not have much money. But they were rich spiritually because God would reward them for their suffering. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])<br><br>### “The devil is about to”<br><br>People were about to take some of the Christians in Smyrna and throw them into prison and even kill some of them ([Revelation 2:10](../rev/02/10.md)). John does not say who these people were. But he does speak of them harming the Christians as if Satan himself were harming them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br><br>### Balaam, Balak, and Jezebel<br><br>Balaam, Balak, and Jezebel were people who lived long before Jesus was born. They all tried to harm the Israelites either by cursing them or by making them want to stop obeying God.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “Let the one who has an ear, hear what the Spirit is saying to the churches”<br><br>The writer knew that almost all of his readers had physical ears. The ear here is a metonym for hearing what God says and desiring to obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “The angel of the church”<br><br>The word **angel** here can also mean “messenger.” This might refer to the messenger or leader of the church. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../rev/01/20.md).<br><br>### “The words of the one who”<br><br>The verses with these words can be difficult to translate. They do not make complete sentences. You may need to add “These are” to the beginning of these verses. Also, Jesus used these words to speak of himself as if he were speaking of another person. Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking of other people. Jesus began speaking in [Revelation 1:17](../rev/01/17.md). He continues to speak through the end of Chapter 3.
+REV	2	intro	zps2			0		# Revelation 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### Outline of Chapters Two and Three of Revelation\n\nI. The Current Condition of the Churches (2:1-3:22)\n\nA. The Letter to Ephesus (2:1-7)\n\nB. The Letter to Smyrna (2:8-11)\n\n\nC. The Letter to Pergamum (2:12-17)\n\n\nD. The Letter to Thyatira (2:18-29)\n\n\nE. The Letter to Sardis (3:1-6)\n\n\nF. The Letter to Philadelphia (3:7-13)\n\n\nG. The Letter to Laodicea (3:14-22)\n\n\nChapters 2 and 3 together are usually called the “seven letters to the seven churches.” You may wish to set each letter apart. The reader can then easily see that they are separate letters.\n\nSome translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verse 27.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Poverty and wealth\n\nThe Christians in Smyrna were poor because they did not have much money. But they were rich spiritually because God would reward them for their suffering. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])\n\n### “The devil is about to”\n\nPeople were about to take some of the Christians in Smyrna and throw them into prison and even kill some of them ([Revelation 2:10](../rev/02/10.md)). John does not say who these people were. But he does speak of them harming the Christians as if Satan himself were harming them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])\n\n### Balaam, Balak, and Jezebel\n\nBalaam, Balak, and Jezebel were people who lived long before Jesus was born. They all tried to harm the Israelites either by cursing them or by making them want to stop obeying God.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### “Let the one who has an ear, hear what the Spirit is saying to the churches”\n\nThe writer knew that almost all of his readers had physical ears. The ear here is a metonym for hearing what God says and desiring to obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “The angel of the church”\n\nThe word **angel** here can also mean “messenger.” This might refer to the messenger or leader of the church. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../rev/01/20.md).\n\n### “The words of the one who”\n\nThe verses with these words can be difficult to translate. They do not make complete sentences. You may need to add “These are” to the beginning of these verses. Also, Jesus used these words to speak of himself as if he were speaking of another person. Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking of other people. Jesus began speaking in [Revelation 1:17](../rev/01/17.md). He continues to speak through the end of Chapter 3.
 REV	2	1	kq5r	figs-explicit	τῷ ἀγγέλῳ τῆς ἐν Ἐφέσῳ ἐκκλησίας	1	the angel	Here, **the angel** could refer to: (1) a heavenly angel who protects the church in Ephesus, as in the ULT. (2) a human messenger who is sent to the church in Ephesus. In this case, **the angel** could either be a leader of the church in Ephesus or the actual messenger who went from John bearing the Book of Revelation to the church in Ephesus. See how you translated “angels” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md). Alternate translation: “the messenger of the church in Ephesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]).
 REV	2	1	mn8x	translate-names	τῷ ἀγγέλῳ τῆς ἐν Ἐφέσῳ ἐκκλησίας γράψον	1	General Information:	This is the beginning of Jesus Christ’s message to the angel of the church in **Ephesus**. Ephesus is the name of one of the seven churches, or seven assemblies of believers, which existed in southwestern Asia Minor when John wrote the Book of Revelation. Note the translation of the **seven churches** in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 REV	2	1	mz7l		τάδε λέγει	1		Here, **says these things** indicates that the clauses that comes before and after this phrase are quotations. If this might confuse your readers, you could move this phrase to the beginning or end of the verse. Alternate translation: “says this message”
 REV	2	1	q1ck	writing-pronouns	ὁ κρατῶν τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἀστέρας ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ, ὁ περιπατῶν ἐν μέσῳ τῶν ἑπτὰ λυχνιῶν τῶν χρυσῶν	1		Here, the implied subject of the two clauses is Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ is the assumed subject from the context established in the previous chapter one. If this might confuse your readers, you could say the intended reference to Jesus Christ explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus Christ, the one who holds the seven stars in his right hand, who walks in the midst of the seven golden lampstands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 REV	2	1	i92a	writing-symlanguage	ἀστέρας	1	stars	These **stars** are symbols. The **stars** represent the seven angels of the seven churches. Note the translations of **stars** in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md) and [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md). The figure of speech is that of symbolic language which is common to the Book of Revelation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
 REV	2	1	ugs3	writing-symlanguage	τῶν ἑπτὰ λυχνιῶν τῶν χρυσῶν	1	lampstands	The **golden lampstands** are symbols that represent the seven churches, or seven assemblies of believers. See how you translated **lampstands** in [Revelation 1:12](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
-REV	2	2	jg1u	figs-abstractnouns	οἶδα…τὸν κόπον καὶ τὴν ὑπομονήν σου	1	I know … your hard labor and your patient endurance	If your readers would misunderstand the abstract nouns **labor** and **endurance**, you can express them with the verbs “work” and “endure.” Alternate translation: “I know … that you laboured very hard and that you patiently suffered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-REV	2	2	l6mv	figs-youcrowd	τὰ ἔργα σου, καὶ τὸν κόπον καὶ τὴν ὑπομονήν σου, καὶ ὅτι οὐ δύνῃ βαστάσαι κακούς; καὶ ἐπείρασας τοὺς λέγοντας ἑαυτοὺς ἀποστόλους, καὶ οὐκ εἰσίν, καὶ εὗρες αὐτοὺς ψευδεῖς	1		The second person pronouns and the second person individuals addressed throughout this verse are all singular in their number but plural in their references. In other words, all the second person references in the verbs and the pronouns, although singular in their literal sense, are plural in their implied references to the believers of the church at Ephesus. If the singular form of the second person address and the second person verbal references would not be natural in your language, then perhaps the translator could use the plural forms of the second person, or “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
+REV	2	2	jg1u	figs-abstractnouns	τὸν κόπον	1	I know … your hard labor and your patient endurance	If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **labor**, you can express it with the verb “work”. Alternate translation: “that you laboured very hard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+REV	2	2	iwe7	figs-abstractnouns	τὴν ὑπομονήν	1		If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **endurance**, you can express it with the verb “endure.” Alternate translation: “that you patiently suffered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+REV	2	2	l6mv	figs-youcrowd	τὰ ἔργα σου, καὶ τὸν κόπον καὶ τὴν ὑπομονήν σου, καὶ ὅτι οὐ δύνῃ βαστάσαι κακούς; καὶ ἐπείρασας τοὺς λέγοντας ἑαυτοὺς ἀποστόλους, καὶ οὐκ εἰσίν, καὶ εὗρες αὐτοὺς ψευδεῖς	1		The second person pronouns and the second person individuals addressed throughout this verse are all singular in their number but plural in their references. Technically, every message to each of the seven churches mentioned in Revelation chapters two and three are addressed to a singular, individual **angel** (see the previous verse), so that one would naturally expect singular references in the language of the letters. Thus, all the second person references in the verbs and the pronouns, although singular in their literal sense, are plural in their implied references to the believers of the church that receives the message in the letter. If the singular form of the second person address and the second person verbal references would not be natural in your language, then perhaps the translator could use the plural forms of the second person, or “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
 REV	2	2	sxbf	figs-nominaladj	κακούς	1		Here, **evil people** translates directly an adjective in the Greek that signifies simply “wicked” or **evil**. Thus, the translator must supply a noun that the adjective is describing through an assumed implication. The natural assumption for the noun to be supplied would be human individuals who were people in the surrounding community of those being addressed here. Alternate translation: “wayward people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 REV	2	2	ka9e		εὗρες αὐτοὺς ψευδεῖς	1	you have found them to be false	Here, **you have found them** indicates the literal translation of the Greek. However, the sense of **found** is something like “to understand” or simply to come to the knowledge about a certain reality. The understood reality is actually the falsehood of the claim of certain people to be apostles. Alternate translation: “you have recognized those people to be false apostles”
 REV	2	3	nn01	figs-explicit	καὶ ὑπομονὴν ἔχεις	1		Here, **and you have patient endurance** implies a missing affirmation of **I know** from the previous verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternative translation: “I realize that you have patient endurance” or “I recognize that you have patient endurance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -128,12 +129,17 @@ REV	2	7	rmf5	figs-transliterate	τῷ Παραδείσῳ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	th
 REV	2	8	is3w	translate-names	καὶ τῷ ἀγγέλῳ τῆς ἐν Σμύρνῃ ἐκκλησίας γράψον	1	General Information:	This is the beginning of the Son of Man’s message to the angel of the church in **Smyrna**. Smyrna is the name of one of the seven churches, or seven assemblies of believers, which existed in southwestern Asia Minor when John wrote the Book of Revelation. Note the translation of the **seven churches** in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 REV	2	8	ie9x	figs-explicit	τῷ ἀγγέλῳ τῆς ἐν Σμύρνῃ ἐκκλησίας	1	the angel	Here, **the angel** could refer to: (1) a heavenly angel who protects the church in Smyrna, as in the ULT. (2) a human messenger who is sent to the church in Smyrna. In this case, **the angel** could either be a leader of the church in Smyrna or the actual messenger who went from John bearing the Book of Revelation to the church in Smyrna. See how you translated “angels” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md). Alternate translation: “the messenger of the church in Smyrna” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]).
 REV	2	8	nvn1		τάδε λέγει	1		See how you translated the phrase **says these things** in [Revelation 2:1](../02/01.md).
+REV	2	8	huo8	figs-123person	ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος, ὃς ἐγένετο νεκρὸς καὶ ἔζησεν	1		Jesus is referring to himself in the third person here. If this is confusing in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: "I am the first and the last and I am the one who became dead but came to life again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 REV	2	8	k7qk	figs-merism	ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος	1	the first and the last	Here, the **first and the last** refers to the eternal nature of Jesus Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
-REV	2	8	t5l1	figs-merism		1		Here, the phrase **who became dead but came to life again** describes Jesus Christ by the two extremes of his death on the cross as well as his current life after the resurrection. The figure of speech is a type of merism. See how you translated the very similar phrase in [Revelation 1:18](../01/18.md). However, note that there are slight differences between this verse and [Revelation 1:18](../01/18.md), such as in the order of the words. Alternate translation: “who became dead but lived again” or “who became dead but returned back to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
-REV	2	9	p6hp	figs-abstractnouns	οἶδά σου τὴν θλῖψιν καὶ τὴν πτωχείαν	1	I know your sufferings and your poverty	If your readers would misunderstand the abstract nouns **affliction** and **poverty**, you can express them as verbs. Alternate translation: “I know how you have suffered and how poor you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+REV	2	8	t5l1	figs-merism	ὃς ἐγένετο νεκρὸς καὶ ἔζησεν	1		Here, the phrase **who became dead but came to life again** describes Jesus by the two extremes of his death on the cross as well as his current life after the resurrection. The figure of speech is a type of merism. See how you translated the very similar phrase in [Revelation 1:18](../01/18.md). However, note that there are slight differences between this verse and [Revelation 1:18](../01/18.md), such as in the order of the words. Alternate translation: “who became dead but lived again” or “who became dead but returned back to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
+REV	2	9	s6ja	figs-youcrowd	σου	1		See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:2](../02/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
+REV	2	9	p6hp	figs-abstractnouns	τὴν θλῖψιν	1	I know your sufferings and your poverty	If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **affliction**, you can express it as a verb. Alternate translation: “I know how you have suffered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+REV	2	9	ch4u	figs-abstractnouns	τὴν πτωχείαν	1		If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **poverty**, you can express it as a verb. Alternate translation: “how poor you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+REV	2	9	lhuk	figs-metaphor	ἀλλὰ πλούσιος εἶ	1		Here, **rich** is a metaphor for the spiritual condition of the Christians in Smyrna. The Christians in Smyrna were physically poor because they did not have much money. However, they were spiritually rich because God would reward them for their suffering in the future. Thus, the metaphor uses the language of physical money to describe the spiritual condition of Smyrna's Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	2	9	f6bp	figs-abstractnouns	τὴν βλασφημίαν ἐκ τῶν λεγόντων Ἰουδαίους εἶναι ἑαυτούς	1	I know the slander of those who say they are Jews	If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **slander**, you can express it as a verb. Alternate translation: “how people have slandered you—those who say they are Jews” or “how people have said terrible things about you—those who say they are Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-REV	2	9	qf9p		καὶ οὐκ εἰσίν	1	but they are not	Alternate translation: “but they are not real Jews”
-REV	2	9	a4yu	figs-metaphor	συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ	1	a synagogue of Satan	People who gather to obey or honor **Satan** are spoken of as if they were **a synagogue**, a place of worship and teaching for the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+REV	2	9	qf9p	figs-irony	καὶ οὐκ εἰσίν	1	but they are not	Here, **but they are not** is irony in the sense of the fact that Jesus does not intend to say that the people are not literal Jews. Jesus actually means that these people are indeed Jews, although they do not behave in a manner that agrees with their ethnic identification. Jews should behave as if they were God's people, but these people mentioned here do not act as if they were actually God's chosen race. Alternate translation: “but they are not real Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])\n
+REV	2	9	a4yu	figs-metaphor	συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ	1	a synagogue of Satan	Here, **a synagogue of Satan** is a metaphor describing Jewish people in Smyrna that were slandering the Christians in the local church. The metaphor uses the imagery of the word **synagogue** as a place to gather together Jews for both worship and for learning. However, the Jews described in this verse gather together to slander the Christians of Smyrna. Therefore, these Jews actually gather and serve **Satan** as a **synagogue** in a certain sense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+REV	2	9	hv3o	figs-possession	συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ	1		Here, **a synagogue of Satan** signifies a synagogue that serves Satan in some metaphorical sense (see previous note). The phrase uses the possessive form to describe the fact that the synagogue of Jews serves Satan. If this is not clear in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: "a synagogue that follows Satan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])\n
 REV	2	10	agx4	figs-metonymy	μέλλει βάλλειν ὁ διάβολος ἐξ ὑμῶν εἰς φυλακὴν	1	The devil is about to throw some of you into prison	Here, **the devil** is a metonym for the people who obey the devil. Alternate translation: “the devil will soon cause others to put some of you in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 REV	2	10	f5t1		γίνου πιστὸς ἄχρι θανάτου	1	Be faithful until death	The use of the word **until** does not mean that you should stop being faithful at death. Alternate translation: “Be faithful to me even if they kill you”
 REV	2	10	zhj8	figs-metaphor	τὸν στέφανον τῆς ζωῆς	1	the crown of life	Here, **the crown of life** could refer to: (1) a crown that shows that Christ has given the believers eternal life. (2) true life as a prize like a winner’s crown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])