Updated format of abstract noun notes in OT (#2439)

Co-authored-by: Larry Sallee <larry.sallee@unfoldingword.org>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2439

en_tn_06-JOS.tsv

@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ JOS	7	17	br4y	figs-idiom	וַ⁠יַּקְרֵ֞ב אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֤ח
 JOS	7	17	z419		אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֤חַת הַ⁠זַּרְחִי֙	1	the clan of the Zerahites	The clan was named after the man named Zerah.
 JOS	7	17	ha7i	translate-names	זַבְדִּֽי	1	Zabdi	This is a man’s name. Translate as you did in [Joshua 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 JOS	7	18	u41u	translate-names	עָכָ֞ן…כַּרְמִ֧י…זַבְדִּ֛י…זֶ֖רַח	1	Zabdi … Achan … Karmi … Zerah	These are men’s names. Translate them as you did in [Joshua 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-JOS	7	19	k521	figs-abstractnouns	וְ⁠תֶן־ל֣⁠וֹ תוֹדָ֑ה	1	give your confession to him	The abstract noun “confession” can be expressed with the verb “confess.” Alternate translation: “confess to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOS	7	19	k521	figs-abstractnouns	וְ⁠תֶן־ל֣⁠וֹ תוֹדָ֑ה	1	give your confession to him	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **confession, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “confess.” Alternate translation: “confess to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOS	7	19	fv9g	figs-metaphor	אַל־תְּכַחֵ֖ד מִמֶּֽ⁠נִּי	1	Do not hide it from me	Hiding information represents trying to keep someone from knowing it. Alternate translation: “Do not try to prevent me from knowing what you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOS	7	21	b9nn	translate-bweight	וּ⁠מָאתַ֧יִם שְׁקָלִ֣ים	1	two hundred shekels	This is over two kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
 JOS	7	21	y7vj	translate-bweight	חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים שְׁקָלִים֙	1	fifty shekels	This is over 500 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])

en_tn_07-JDG.tsv

@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ JDG	3	10	f953	figs-metonymy		0	The hand of Othniel	Here “hand” is a metonym
 JDG	3	11	svg9	figs-metonymy		0	The land had peace	“The land” is used to refer to the people who lived in the land. Alternate translation: “The people lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JDG	3	11	i8ks	translate-numbers		0	forty years	“40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
 JDG	3	12	l914	figs-metaphor		0	what was evil in the sight of Yahweh	The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JDG	3	12	nj1t	figs-abstractnouns		0	Yahweh gave strength to Eglon king of Moab	The abstract noun “strength” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made Eglon king of Moab strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JDG	3	12	nj1t	figs-abstractnouns		0	Yahweh gave strength to Eglon king of Moab	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made Eglon king of Moab strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JDG	3	12	s1wn	figs-synecdoche		0	to Eglon king of Moab to overpower the Israelites	Here “Eglon king of Moab” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “to Eglon king of Moab and his soldiers as they attacked the Israelite army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 JDG	3	12	z23q	translate-names		0	Eglon	This is the name of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 JDG	3	13	rp3h			0	the City of Palms	This is another name for the city of Jericho. See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md).
@@ -851,7 +851,7 @@ JDG	11	37	dh7s			0	grieve over my virginity	Alternate translation: “weep becau
 JDG	11	39	n4my	figs-euphemism		0	had never known a man	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “had never had sexual relations with a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
 JDG	11	40	s739			0	the Gileadite	This refers to someone from Gilead. See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md).
 JDG	12	intro	p8zn			0		# Judges 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Jephthah concludes in this chapter.<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Shibboleth<br>This is a word in Hebrew. Its importance in this chapter is because of its sounds, not its meaning. The translator should not translate the meaning of this word, but should transliterate or transfer it into the target language by substituting letters that have the same sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
-JDG	12	1	mp3k	figs-abstractnouns		0	A call went out to the men of Ephraim	Here the abstract noun “call” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “The men of Ephraim were called together” or “The men … of Ephraim called together their soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JDG	12	1	mp3k	figs-abstractnouns		0	A call went out to the men of Ephraim	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **call**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The men of Ephraim were called together” or “The men … of Ephraim called together their soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JDG	12	1	ubq3	translate-names		0	Zaphon	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 JDG	12	1	hh1l			0	passed through … pass through	or “traveled through … travel” or “journeyed through … journey”
 JDG	12	1	lt7l	figs-idiom		0	We will burn your house down over you	This idiom means to burn down a house with people inside it. Alternate translation: “We will burn your house down with you still in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -1374,7 +1374,7 @@ JDG	21	10	ajh8			0	strike … with the edge of the sword	Alternate translation:
 JDG	21	12	n2u2			0	Jabesh Gilead	This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](../21/08.md).
 JDG	21	12	ani7	translate-numbers		0	four hundred young women	“400 young women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
 JDG	21	12	w47b	figs-euphemism		0	who had not known a man by lying with him	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “who had not had sexual relations with a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
-JDG	21	13	c39b	figs-abstractnouns		0	they were offering them peace	The abstract noun “peace” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “they wanted to stop fighting with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JDG	21	13	c39b	figs-abstractnouns		0	they were offering them peace	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **peace**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “they wanted to stop fighting with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JDG	21	14	h1ad			0	Jabesh Gilead	This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](../21/08.md).
 JDG	21	14	iu7g			0	there were not enough women for all of them	There were six hundred Benjamite men, and only four hundred women from Jabesh Gilead.
 JDG	21	15	v114			0	made a division between the tribes of Israel	Alternate translation: “had caused the tribes of Israel not to be unified”

en_tn_09-1SA.tsv

@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1SA	10	20	qbp1	figs-activepassive		0	the tribe of Benjamin was chosen	This can be translated in active form. It is probably best not to say how the people knew whom Yahweh had chosen. Alternate translation: “Yahweh chose the tribe of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1SA	10	21	f8p3	figs-activepassive		0	the clan of the Matrites was chosen … Saul son of Kish was chosen	This can be translated in active form. It is probably best not to say how the people knew whom Yahweh had chosen. Alternate translation: “Yahweh chose the clan of the Matrites … Yahweh chose Saul son of Kish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1SA	10	23	ab3b			0	he was taller than any of the people from his shoulders upward	The other tall people in Israel did not even come up to his shoulders. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 9:2](../09/02.md).
-1SA	10	25	v52k	figs-abstractnouns		0	the customs and rules of kingship	The abstract noun “kingship” can be translated with a noun clause. Alternate translation: “the customs and rules that a king would be required to follow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1SA	10	25	v52k	figs-abstractnouns		0	the customs and rules of kingship	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **kingship**, you could express the same idea with a noun clause. Alternate translation: “the customs and rules that a king would be required to follow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 1SA	10	26	re4y	figs-idiom		0	whose hearts God had touched	God touching a person’s heart is an idiom that means God put something in their mind or moved them to do something. Alternate translation: “who wanted to go with Saul because God had changed their thinking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 1SA	10	27	u77f	figs-rquestion		0	How can this man save us?	This is a rhetorical question that is used to express sarcasm. Alternate translation: “This man has no power to save us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 1SA	10	27	qwt6			0	despised	strongly disliked or hated
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1SA	14	13	wcb3	figs-explicit		0	Jonathan climbed up on his hands and feet	He did this because it was very steep. This could be made explicit. Alternate translation: “So Jonathan climbed up, using his hands and his feet because it was very steep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 1SA	14	13	hb6a	figs-activepassive		0	The Philistines were put to death before Jonathan	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jonathan killed the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1SA	14	13	h93x			0	his armor bearer put some to death behind him	Alternate translation: “Jonathan’s armor bearer followed him and also killed Philistine soldiers”
-1SA	14	15	r2ci	figs-abstractnouns		0	There was a panic in the camp, in the field, and among the people	The abstract noun “panic” can be translated as a verb or as an adjective. Alternate translation: “The Philistine soldiers in the camp and in the field, and all the people with them, panicked” or “The Philistine soldiers in the camp and in the field, and all the people with them, became very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1SA	14	15	r2ci	figs-abstractnouns		0	There was a panic in the camp, in the field, and among the people	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **panic**, you could express the same idea with a verb or as an adjective. Alternate translation: “The Philistine soldiers in the camp and in the field, and all the people with them, panicked” or “The Philistine soldiers in the camp and in the field, and all the people with them, became very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 1SA	14	15	lmj6			0	the raiders	the Philistines who were raiding Israelite cities
 1SA	14	15	ety8	figs-explicit		0	The earth quaked	It may be helpful to state the cause. Alternate translation: “God caused the ground to shake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 1SA	14	16	y56n	translate-names		0	Gibeah	This was the town where Saul was born. Translated “Gibeah” as in [1 Samuel 10:26](../10/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -663,8 +663,8 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1SA	15	22	f8kc	figs-metonymy		0	the voice of Yahweh	Here “voice” refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “the things that Yahweh commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 1SA	15	22	wen9			0	Obedience is better than sacrifice	God wanted Saul’s complete obedience in the destruction of the Amalekites. Nothing in the land was fit for sacrifice.
 1SA	15	22	u1dg			0	better than the fat of rams	Alternate translation: “better than to sacrifice the fat of rams as a burnt offering”
-1SA	15	23	m9ce	figs-abstractnouns		0	rebellion is like the sin of divination	The abstract noun “rebellion” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “to rebel is as sinful as practicing divination” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-1SA	15	23	xz9b	figs-abstractnouns		0	stubbornness is like wickedness and iniquity	The abstract noun “stubbornness” can be translated with a verb and the abstract noun “wickedness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “being stubborn is as bad as doing wicked things and practicing iniquity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1SA	15	23	m9ce	figs-abstractnouns		0	rebellion is like the sin of divination	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rebellion**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “to rebel is as sinful as practicing divination” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1SA	15	23	xz9b	figs-abstractnouns		0	stubbornness is like wickedness and iniquity	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **stubbornness**, you could express the same idea with a verb. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “being stubborn is as bad as doing wicked things and practicing iniquity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 1SA	15	23	cx9p			0	the word of Yahweh	Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s message” or “Yahweh’s command”
 1SA	15	23	n8ey			0	rejected you from being king	Alternate translation: “decided that you will no longer be king”
 1SA	15	24	g1fl	figs-idiom		0	I have broken Yahweh’s commandment	This is an idiom that means he had disobeyed the commandment. Alternate translation: “I have disobeyed what Yahweh commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -1404,7 +1404,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1SA	30	6	q4yw	figs-synecdoche		0	all the people were bitter in spirit	The word “bitter” is a metaphor for the desire to rebel. The word “spirit” is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “all the people were ready to rebel against David” or “all the people were very unhappy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 1SA	30	6	plf4			0	David strengthened himself in Yahweh, his God	This could mean: (1) “David took courage because he knew Yahweh his God would help him” or (2) “Yahweh his God made David strong.”
 1SA	30	7	na36			0	General Information:	David seeks Yahweh’s direction in dealing with the raid on his people.
-1SA	30	8	l4pe	figs-abstractnouns		0	David prayed to Yahweh for direction	The abstract noun “direction” can be translated as a clause. Alternate translation: “David prayed that Yahweh would tell David what David should do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1SA	30	8	l4pe	figs-abstractnouns		0	David prayed to Yahweh for direction	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **direction**, you could express the same idea with a clause. Alternate translation: “David prayed that Yahweh would tell David what David should do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 1SA	30	8	a2ps			0	pursue	chase and try to catch
 1SA	30	9	f5ck	translate-numbers		0	six hundred men	600 men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
 1SA	30	9	n8t4			0	brook	small stream

en_tn_10-2SA.tsv

@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2SA	13	12	fd8t			0	appalling	very shameful
 2SA	13	13	j8jb	figs-rquestion		0	How could I be rid of my shame?	Tamar asks this rhetorical question to emphasize how much shame she would have if she slept with him. Tamar speaks of getting rid of her shame as if it were an enemy or a tormentor that she needed to escape from. Alternate translation: “If you do this, I would have to endure shame everywhere I go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2SA	13	14	ras3	figs-euphemism		0	he lay with her	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
-2SA	13	16	zc24	figs-abstractnouns		0	Because this great evil of making me leave is even worse	The abstract noun “this great evil” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “It would be very evil to make me leave! It would be even worse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+2SA	13	16	zc24	figs-abstractnouns		0	Because this great evil of making me leave is even worse	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **this great evil**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “It would be very evil to make me leave! It would be even worse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 2SA	13	17	au8l	figs-explicit		0	bolt the door after her	This means to lock the door so that she will not be able to come back in again. Alternate translation: “lock the door so that she cannot come back in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2SA	13	18	c6te	figs-explicit		0	bolted the door after her	This means to lock the door so that she will not be able to come back in again. Alternate translation: “locked the door so that she could not go back in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2SA	13	19	i3wt	translate-symaction		0	put ashes on her head and tore her robe. She put her hands on her head	These are acts of mourning and grief in the Israelite culture. Alternate translation: “put ashes on her head and tore her robe to show that she was very sad. Then to show her grief, she put her hands on her head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

en_tn_11-1KI.tsv

@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1KI	4	27	gs98			0	every man in his month	Solomon had assigned 12 officers in [1 Kings 4:7](../04/07.md) to bring him food in different months.
 1KI	4	27	v6uc	figs-litotes		0	They let nothing be lacking	This can be expressed positively. Alternate translation: “They provided everything that Solomon needed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
 1KI	4	29	ej9q	figs-abstractnouns		0	God gave Solomon great wisdom and understanding	The abstract nouns “wisdom” and “understanding” can be translated as verbs. God giving him these things means that God enabled him to have these qualities. Alternate translation: “God enabled Solomon to be wise and to understand many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-1KI	4	29	h9j6	figs-simile		0	wideness of understanding like the sand on the seashore	Solomon was able to understand many things about many different subjects. The abstract noun “wideness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Solomon was able to understand many things about a wide range of subjects” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
+1KI	4	29	h9j6	figs-simile		0	wideness of understanding like the sand on the seashore	Solomon was able to understand many things about many different subjects. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wideness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Solomon was able to understand many things about a wide range of subjects” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 1KI	4	30	w9j4			0	Solomon’s wisdom exceeded the wisdom of all the people	Alternate translation: “Solomon was wiser than all the wise people”
 1KI	4	30	g12d			0	the people of the east	This refers to people from countries east of Israel such as Arabia and Mesopotamia.
 1KI	4	31	cu1z	translate-names		0	Ethan … Heman … Kalkol … Darda … Mahol	men’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1KI	9	6	rn8v	figs-doublet		0	my commandments and my statutes	Here the words “commandments” and “statutes” mean basically the same thing and emphasize all that Yahweh has commanded. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 1KI	9	6	h58e	figs-parallelism		0	worship other gods and bow down to them	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 1KI	9	7	jc4g	figs-metonymy		0	set apart to my name	Here the word “name” is a metonym for the person who possesses something. Alternate translation: “set apart for myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-1KI	9	7	s96h	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will cast it out of my sight	The abstract noun “sight” can be expressed with the verb “see.” Looking at something is a metaphor for protecting it. Alternate translation: “I will put it where I no longer have to see it” or “I will get rid of it so I no longer have to protect it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1KI	9	7	s96h	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will cast it out of my sight	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sight**, you could express the same idea with the verb “see.” Looking at something is a metaphor for protecting it. Alternate translation: “I will put it where I no longer have to see it” or “I will get rid of it so I no longer have to protect it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1KI	9	8	r7b8			0	This temple will become a heap of ruins	Alternate translation: “This temple will be destroyed and its remains will be piled into a high mound”
 1KI	9	8	i5gt	figs-activepassive		0	will be shocked and will hiss	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will express amazement and make a sound of disrespect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1KI	9	9	dng9	figs-parallelism		0	bowed down to them and worshiped them	These two phrases mean the same thing. The phrase “bowed down to them” describes the posture that people used in worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1KI	10	22	qu73	translate-unknown		0	apes and baboons	These animals live wild in Africa. At the ends of their four limbs are what look like human hands and feet, and they have long tails. Some people consider baboons a type of ape. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
 1KI	10	24	d3dl	figs-hyperbole		0	All the earth	This is a generalization. Alternate translation: “People from everywhere” or “People from many different places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 1KI	10	24	a1m3	figs-metonymy		0	sought the presence of Solomon	The presence of the person is a metonym for being able to speak and listen to the person. Alternate translation: “sought an audience with Solomon” or “wanted to visit Solomon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-1KI	10	24	en9c	figs-metonymy		0	to hear his wisdom, which God had put in his heart	The heart is a metonym for what a person thinks and is spoken of as if it were a container. The abstract noun “wisdom” is spoken of as if it were an object that could be put in a container and can be translated as an adjective. It can be a metonym for either the person or the words the person speaks. Alternate translation: “to hear his wisdom, which God had given him” or “to hear how wise God had enabled him to be” or “to hear him speak the wise words that God had enabled him to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+1KI	10	24	en9c	figs-metonymy		0	to hear his wisdom, which God had put in his heart	The heart is a metonym for what a person thinks and is spoken of as if it were a container. Here, **wisdom** is spoken of as if it were an object that could be put in a container and can be translated as an adjective. It can be a metonym for either the person or the words the person speaks. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “to hear his wisdom, which God had given him” or “to hear how wise God had enabled him to be” or “to hear him speak the wise words that God had enabled him to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 1KI	10	26	d168	translate-numbers		0	1,400 chariots and twelve thousand horsemen	“one thousand four hundred chariots and 12,000 horsemen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
 1KI	10	27	hi32	figs-hyperbole		0	The king had silver in Jerusalem, as much as the stones on the ground	The narrator uses exaggeration to emphasize the great amount of silver that was in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “The king had so much silver in Jerusalem, it was like there was as much silver as there was stones on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 1KI	10	28	qm3h	figs-activepassive		0	were imported from Egypt	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that his merchants had bought from people in Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -856,7 +856,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1KI	13	5	pg6i	figs-activepassive		0	The altar was also split apart	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh also split the altar apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1KI	13	5	r5aa	figs-activepassive		0	as described by the sign that the man of God had given by the word of Yahweh	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “as the man of God had described by the word of Yahweh as a sign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1KI	13	5	u4ww			0	the word of Yahweh	Alternate translation: “the message of Yahweh” or “Yahweh’s message”
-1KI	13	6	y2ga	figs-abstractnouns		0	Plead for the favor of Yahweh your God	The abstract noun “favor” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “Plead that Yahweh your God may favor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1KI	13	6	y2ga	figs-abstractnouns		0	Plead for the favor of Yahweh your God	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **favor**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Plead that Yahweh your God may favor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 1KI	13	6	mlb5	figs-activepassive		0	my hand may be restored to me again	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh may restore my hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1KI	13	6	whk6	figs-activepassive		0	the king’s hand was restored to him again, and it became as it was before	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh restored the king’s hand and made it as it was before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1KI	13	7	hp7c	figs-rpronouns		0	Come home with me and refresh yourself	The word “yourself” is a reflexive pronoun. Alternate translation: “Come home with me and eat some food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
@@ -942,7 +942,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1KI	14	21	g2ic	translate-names		0	Naamah	This is a woman’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 1KI	14	22	gl83	figs-metonymy		0	Judah did	Here “Judah” represents the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 1KI	14	22	x9gx	figs-metaphor		0	what was evil in the sight of Yahweh	The “sight” of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 11:6](../11/06.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1KI	14	22	v839	figs-abstractnouns		0	they provoked him to jealousy	The abstract noun “jealousy” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “they made him jealous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1KI	14	22	v839	figs-abstractnouns		0	they provoked him to jealousy	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **jealousy**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “they made him jealous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 1KI	14	22	ms6i			0	their fathers	Alternate translation: “their ancestors”
 1KI	14	23	p8sk			0	For they also built	The word “they” here refers to the people of Judah.
 1KI	14	23	chb2	figs-metonymy		0	built for themselves	The words “for themselves” are a metonym for what they will do with the high places. Alternate translation: “built for their own use” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
@@ -1036,7 +1036,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1KI	15	29	zqy4			0	his royal line	Alternate translation: “Jeroboam’s royal line”
 1KI	15	29	w2vx			0	just as Yahweh had spoken by his servant Ahijah the Shilonite	In [1 Kings 14:10](../14/10.md) and [1 Kings 14:11](../14/11.md) Yahweh spoke through his prophet Ahijah and told Jeroboam that he would destroy his family.
 1KI	15	29	vmg9			0	Ahijah the Shilonite	Alternate translation: “Ahijah, who was from Shiloh”
-1KI	15	30	p24y	figs-abstractnouns		0	for the sins of Jeroboam which he committed and by which he led Israel to sin	The abstract noun “sins” can be expressed with the verb “sin.” Alternate translation: “because Jeroboam sinned and led Israel to sin in the same ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1KI	15	30	p24y	figs-abstractnouns		0	for the sins of Jeroboam which he committed and by which he led Israel to sin	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sins**, you could express the same idea with the verb “sin.” Alternate translation: “because Jeroboam sinned and led Israel to sin in the same ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 1KI	15	30	l8b6	figs-metaphor		0	by which he led Israel to sin	Leading people to do something represents influencing them to do something. Alternate translation: “by which he influenced Israel to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1KI	15	31	p7n1	figs-rquestion		0	are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel?	This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Nadab is in this other book. See how you translated a similar phrase concerning Judah in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 1KI	15	31	i3dw	figs-activepassive		0	are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel?	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone has written about this in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -1063,7 +1063,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1KI	16	6	wwv5	figs-metaphor		0	became king in his place	The phrase “in his place” is a metaphor meaning “instead of him.” Alternate translation: “became king instead of Baasha” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1KI	16	7	u6cg	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came	This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 1KI	16	7	q8l2	figs-metaphor		0	all the evil that he did in the sight of Yahweh	The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment. Alternate translation: “all the things that Baasha that are evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “all the things that Baaha did that Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1KI	16	7	cw1d	figs-abstractnouns		0	so as to provoke him to anger	The abstract noun “anger” can be expressed with the adjective “angry.” Alternate translation: “so as to make Yahweh very angry” or “that made God very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1KI	16	7	cw1d	figs-abstractnouns		0	so as to provoke him to anger	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anger**, you could express the same idea with the adjective “angry.” Alternate translation: “so as to make Yahweh very angry” or “that made God very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 1KI	16	7	zvf1	figs-synecdoche		0	with the work of his hands	Here Basha is represented by his “hands.” This speaks of all of his actions as his “work.” Alternate translation: “by the things Baasha had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 1KI	16	8	d1yz			0	Tirzah	This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1 Kings 14:17](../14/17.md).
 1KI	16	9	v34c			0	His servant Zimri	Alternate translation: “Elah’s servant Zimri”

en_tn_12-2KI.tsv

@@ -774,7 +774,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2KI	13	3	sii1	figs-metaphor		0	The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel	Yahweh becoming angry with Israel is spoken of as if his anger was a fire that burned. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh became very angry with Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2KI	13	3	u4tp	figs-metonymy		0	gave them continually into the hand of Hazael king of Aram and into the hand of Ben Hadad son of Hazael	Here “them” refers to Israel and “hand” refers to the power to control them. Alternate translation: “allowed Hazael the king of Aram, and Ben Hadad, his son, to repeatedly defeat the Israelites in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2KI	13	4	hcy2			0	implored Yahweh	Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh”
-2KI	13	4	ghi9	figs-abstractnouns		0	he saw the oppression of Israel, how the king of Aram was oppressing them	These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. The abstract noun “oppression” means the same as “the king of Aram was oppressing them.” Alternate translation: “he saw how severely the king of Aram was oppressing Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+2KI	13	4	gh**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “the king of Aram was oppressing them.” Alternate translation: “he saw how severely the king of Aram was oppressing Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 2KI	13	5	n7zw			0	a rescuer	Alternate translation: “someone to rescue them”
 2KI	13	5	lp9p	figs-metonymy		0	they escaped from the hand of the Arameans	Here “hand” refers to the power to control them. Alternate translation: “he enabled them to be free from Aram’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2KI	13	6	jts3	figs-metaphor		0	they did not depart from the sins of the house of Jeroboam	To stop sinning is spoken of as if they departed from the sins. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Israel did not stop doing the same sins as Jeroboam had done” or “Israel continued to commit the same sins as Jeroboam had committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -901,7 +901,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2KI	15	3	tc2q	figs-metaphor		0	what was right in the eyes of Yahweh	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what was right in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2KI	15	4	v4ck	figs-activepassive		0	the high places were not taken away	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one took away the high places” or “Azariah did not have anyone take the high places away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2KI	15	4	kum4	figs-metaphor		0	were not taken away	Being taken away represents being destroyed. Alternate translation: “were not destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2KI	15	5	a3rs	figs-abstractnouns		0	to the day of his death	The abstract noun “death” can be expressed with the verb “die.” Alternate translation: “until the day he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+2KI	15	5	a3rs	figs-abstractnouns		0	to the day of his death	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **death**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “die.” Alternate translation: “until the day he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 2KI	15	5	gk1i			0	Jotham, the king’s son, was over the household	The word “household” refers to the people living in the king’s palace. Because Azariah was a leper, he had to live in a separate house. So his son, Jotham, took charge over the palace.
 2KI	15	5	pz41	figs-metaphor		0	was over the household	Being over the household represents having authority over those in it. Alternate translation: “was in charge of the household” or “had authority over those in Azariah’s palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2KI	15	6	i6ew	figs-rquestion		0	are they not written … Judah?	This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Azariah is in this other book. This can also be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written … Judah.” or “you can read about them … Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -1396,7 +1396,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2KI	23	25	tg6s			0	who turned to Yahweh	Alternate translation: “who gave himself completely to Yahweh”
 2KI	23	25	evf3			0	Nor did any king like Josiah arise after him	Alternate translation: “And since then there has never been a king who was like Josiah”
 2KI	23	26	p9h5			0	Nevertheless	The writer uses this word to show that even though all of these things that Josiah did were good, Yahweh was still angry with Judah.
-2KI	23	26	cls6	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh did not turn away from the burning of his fierce anger, which burned against	Fire is a metaphor for anger, and starting a fire is a metaphor for becoming angry. The abstract noun “anger” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh did not stop being fierce because he was angry with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+2KI	23	26	cls6	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh did not turn away from the burning of his fierce anger, which burned against	Fire is a metaphor for anger, and starting a fire is a metaphor for becoming angry. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anger, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh did not stop being fierce because he was angry with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 2KI	23	26	a2wd			0	had done to provoke him	Alternate translation: “had done to cause him to be angry”
 2KI	23	27	d6xf			0	out of my sight	Alternate translation: “from where I am” or “from being near me”
 2KI	23	27	bsh5	figs-metonymy		0	My name will be there	The name is a metonym for the honor that people should give to the person. Alternate translation: “People should worship me there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

en_tn_13-1CH.tsv

@@ -970,7 +970,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CH	16	27	tn19			0	in his place	Alternate translation: “in his temple” or “in his sanctuary”
 1CH	16	28	xdy9			0	Ascribe to Yahweh	Alternate translation: “Give praise to Yahweh” or “Praise Yahweh”
 1CH	16	28	p45c	figs-abstractnouns		0	ascribe to Yahweh glory and strength	The abstract nouns “glory” and “strength” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “praise Yahweh because he is glorious and strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-1CH	16	29	gji5	figs-abstractnouns		0	Ascribe to Yahweh the glory his name deserves	The abstract noun “glory” can be stated as a verb or adjective. Alternate translation: “Glorify Yahweh just as his name deserves” or “Proclaim that Yahweh is glorious just as his name deserves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+1CH	16	29	gji5	figs-abstractnouns		0	Ascribe to Yahweh the glory his name deserves	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **glory**, you could express the same idea with a verb or adjective. Alternate translation: “Glorify Yahweh just as his name deserves” or “Proclaim that Yahweh is glorious just as his name deserves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 1CH	16	29	j5b6	figs-metonymy		0	his name deserves	Here “his name” refers to the person of God. Alternate translation: “due to him” or “he deserves” or “he is worthy to receive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 1CH	16	29	vwz4	figs-explicit		0	Bow down to Yahweh	The implied information is that the people were to bow down in worship. Alternate translation: “Bow down to worship Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
 1CH	16	29	ff2x	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the splendor of holiness	The abstract nouns “splendor” and “holiness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “because he is gloriously beautiful and holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -1083,7 +1083,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CH	17	25	ld4t			0	Connecting Statement:	David continues to speak to Yahweh.
 1CH	17	25	h2bm	figs-123person		0	your servant	David refers to himself as “your servant.” This can be expressed in the first person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 1CH	17	25	p41k	figs-metonymy		0	that you will build him a house	Here the metonym “house” refers to David’s ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel. In [1 Chronicles 17:4](../17/04.md) Yahweh tells David he would not be the one to build a house for Yahweh. There “house” represented a temple. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 17:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-1CH	17	25	wn4q			0	I, your servant, have found courage	The abstract noun “courage” can be expressed here as the verb “encouraged.” Alternate translation: “I, your servant, am encouraged”
+1CH	17	25	wn4q			0	I, your servant, have found courage	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **courage**, you could express the same idea with the verb “encouraged.” Alternate translation: “I, your servant, am encouraged”
 1CH	17	26	v3hz			0	Connecting Statement:	David continues to speak to Yahweh.
 1CH	17	26	m68t			0	Now	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
 1CH	17	27	vtj4			0	Connecting Statement:	David continues to speak to Yahweh.

en_tn_14-2CH.tsv

@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CH	7	intro	uu1a			0		# 2 Chronicles 7 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The story of King Solomon continues in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Solomon’s dream<br>God appeared again to Solomon in a dream and said the temple was acceptable and he honored it with his presence. He would remain as long as Israel obeyed him. If they worshiped other gods and idols he would let their enemies destroy the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
 2CH	7	1	ffl2			0	the house	Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s house” or “the temple”
 2CH	7	3	xie8	translate-symaction		0	they bowed down with their faces to the ground on the stone pavement	This is a position of humility and worship. Alternate translation: “they lay down on the ground with their faces touching the stone pavement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
-2CH	7	3	ti2r	figs-abstractnouns		0	his covenant loyalty endures forever	The abstract noun “covenant loyalty” can be expressed with the adjective “loyal” and the verb “promise.” Alternate translation: “God will always be loyal to us because of his covenant” or “God will always faithfully do for us what he promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+2CH	7	3	ti2r	figs-abstractnouns		0	his covenant loyalty endures forever	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **covenant loyalty**, you could express the same idea with the adjective “loyal” and the verb “promise.” Alternate translation: “God will always be loyal to us because of his covenant” or “God will always faithfully do for us what he promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 2CH	7	4	b3k1	figs-hyperbole		0	all the people	This generalization refers either: (1) to the people whom Solomon called to Jerusalem and who are listed in [2 Chronicles 5:2](../05/02.md), or (2) to those who traveled to Jerusalem for the feast, not necessarily to every person who lived in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 2CH	7	5	sd7i	translate-numbers		0	twenty-two thousand oxen	“22,000 oxen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
 2CH	7	5	lkm9	translate-numbers		0	120,000 sheep and goats	“one hundred and twenty thousand sheep and goats” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CH	9	21	rah3	translate-unknown		0	apes and baboons	It is not certain whether the word translated as “apes” here refers to apes, baboons, or monkeys. It is not certain whether the word translated as “baboons” here refers to baboons or peacocks. This can be translated more generally as “animals from far away” or “animals from Africa.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
 2CH	9	23	mq7h	figs-hyperbole		0	All the kings of the earth	The word “all” here is a generalization. Alternate translation: “Kings from around the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 2CH	9	23	phf7	figs-metonymy		0	sought the presence of Solomon	The presence of a person is a metonym for being able to speak and listen to the person. Alternate translation: “wanted to visit Solomon” or “came to visit Solomon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-2CH	9	23	ujf3	figs-metonymy		0	to hear his wisdom, which God had put in his heart	The heart is a metonym for what a person thinks, and here it is spoken of as if it were a container. The abstract noun “wisdom” is a metonym for the wise things a person thinks or says. Alternate translation: “to hear how wise God had enabled him to be” or “to hear him speak the wise words that God had enabled him to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+2CH	9	23	ujf3	figs-metonymy		0	to hear his wisdom, which God had put in his heart	The heart is a metonym for what a person thinks, and here it is spoken of as if it were a container. Here, **wisdom** is a metonym for the wise things a person thinks or says. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “to hear how wise God had enabled him to be” or “to hear him speak the wise words that God had enabled him to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2CH	9	23	l6ce	figs-metaphor		0	which God had put in his heart	God putting wisdom in Solomon’s heart represents God making Solomon wise. Alternate translation: “which God had given him” or “because God had made him wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CH	9	24	mvr7	figs-idiom		0	year after year	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “every year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 2CH	9	25	k9au	translate-numbers		0	four thousand stalls … twelve thousand horsemen	“4,000 stalls…12,000 horsemen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@@ -851,8 +851,8 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CH	19	2	ms7g			0	went out to meet him	Here the word “him” refers to Jehoshaphat.
 2CH	19	2	utb7	figs-rquestion		0	Should you be helping the wicked? Should you be loving those who hate Yahweh?	These questions expect negative answers to make the point that Jehoshaphat should not have helped Ahab. Alternate translation: “You should not help the wicked! You should not love those who hate Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 2CH	19	2	elv9	figs-nominaladj		0	the wicked	This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
-2CH	19	2	r2e7	figs-abstractnouns		0	anger from Yahweh is on you	The abstract noun “anger” can be translated using the word “angry.” This phrase can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-2CH	19	3	st16	figs-abstractnouns		0	there is some good to be found in you	The abstract noun “good” can be translated as an adjective. This phrase can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “you have done some good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CH	19	2	r2e7	figs-abstractnouns		0	anger from Yahweh is on you	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anger**, you could express the same idea with the word “angry.” This phrase can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CH	19	3	st16	figs-abstractnouns		0	there is some good to be found in you	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **good**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. This phrase can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “you have done some good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CH	19	3	jk3y	figs-metonymy		0	you have taken the Asherah poles out of the land	Since Jehoshaphat was king, he may have told his officials to do these things for him. Alternate translation: “you have had your people take the Asherah poles out of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2CH	19	3	dtu5			0	Asherah poles	See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 14:3](../14/03.md).
 2CH	19	3	wqa1	figs-idiom		0	fixed your heart	Here the heart represents the will. Jehoshaphat’s will is spoken of as being fixed or immovable, which means having an unchanging intention to seek God. Alternate translation: “firmly decided” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CH	19	10	b6rq	figs-activepassive		0	Whenever any dispute comes to you from your brothers who live in their cities	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Whenever your brothers who live in their cities bring you a dispute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CH	19	10	acv8			0	from your brothers	Here “brothers” is a general reference to fellow Israelites.
 2CH	19	10	sk2a	figs-metonymy		0	bloodshed	Here the killing of people is spoken of as shedding their blood, where “blood” represents their lives. Alternate translation: “the killing of people” or “murder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-2CH	19	10	ur11	figs-abstractnouns		0	anger will come toward you and toward your brothers	The abstract noun “anger” can be expressed as the adjective “angry.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will be angry with you and your brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+2CH	19	10	ur11	figs-abstractnouns		0	anger will come toward you and toward your brothers	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anger**, you could express the same idea with the adjective “angry.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will be angry with you and your brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CH	19	11	xw19			0	General Information:	The words “you” and “your” in this verse refers to those persons Jehoshaphat appointed to be judges.
 2CH	19	11	pi87			0	Connecting Statement:	Jehoshaphat continues to instruct some of the Levites and the priests, and some of the heads of the ancestral houses of Israel, who he appointed to be judges.
 2CH	19	11	d1sw			0	See, Amariah	Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: Amariah”
@@ -1434,7 +1434,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CH	30	6	cg34	figs-metonymy		0	who have escaped from the hand of the kings of Assyria	The word “hand” often represents power or authority. Here it represents the kings’ cruel authority to force people to go to other countries. Alternate translation: “who have escaped from the power of the kings of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2CH	30	7	ly2x			0	Connecting Statement:	This is a continuation of King Hezekiah’s message to the people of Israel.
 2CH	30	7	k5bi	figs-metaphor		0	your brothers	Here “brothers” represents other people of Israel. Alternate translation: “your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CH	30	7	hu7l	figs-abstractnouns		0	he made them an object of horror	The abstract noun “horror” can be expressed with the words “horrified” or “horrible.” The author writes of what God did to their ancestors in terms of how other people would react when the saw what God did. Alternate translation: “he made them something that people would be horrified to see” or “he punished them horribly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+2CH	30	7	hu7l	figs-abstractnouns		0	he made them an object of horror	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **horror**, you could express the same idea with the words “horrified” or “horrible.” The author writes of what God did to their ancestors in terms of how other people would react when the saw what God did. Alternate translation: “he made them something that people would be horrified to see” or “he punished them horribly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2CH	30	8	szj4	figs-metaphor		0	give yourselves to Yahweh	This represents submitting to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “submit to Yahweh” or “dedicate yourselves to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CH	30	8	lh8c	figs-metonymy		0	come into his holy place	Here “his holy place” refers to God’s temple in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “come to his temple in Jerusalem for it is holy” or “come to his temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2CH	30	8	qz7u	figs-personification		0	so that his fierce anger may turn away from you	The author writes of anger as if it were a person that can turn away from people. God’s anger turning away from them represents him no longer being angry with them. Alternate translation: “so that he will no longer be angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

en_tn_16-NEH.tsv

@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ NEH	2	17	we6m	figs-you	אַתֶּ֤ם רֹאִים֙ הָ⁠רָעָה֙	1	You s
 NEH	2	17	ac97	figs-activepassive	יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ חֲרֵבָ֔ה וּ⁠שְׁעָרֶ֖י⁠הָ נִצְּת֣וּ בָ⁠אֵ֑שׁ	1	Jerusalem is desolate and its gates have been burned by fire	If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express the meaning here using active forms. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem lies in ruins, and our enemies have burned down its gates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 NEH	2	17	f468	figs-explicit	יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ חֲרֵבָ֔ה וּ⁠שְׁעָרֶ֖י⁠הָ נִצְּת֣וּ בָ⁠אֵ֑שׁ	1	Jerusalem is desolate and its gates have been burned by fire	The implication is, “We need to do something about this!” If your readers would misunderstand this, you could add something like that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 NEH	2	17	ac99		לְכ֗וּ וְ⁠נִבְנֶה֙ אֶת־חוֹמַ֣ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם	1	Come, and let us build the wall of Jerusalem	**Come** does not mean “come over to this place” but “come on, let’s do this!” Nehemiah is issuing both an invitation and a public challenge to everyone who is listening. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could translate his words in a way that reflects this. Alternate translation: “I challenge all of you to join me in rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem.”
-NEH	2	17	ll6y	figs-abstractnouns	וְ⁠לֹא־נִהְיֶ֥ה ע֖וֹד חֶרְפָּֽה	1	and we will no longer be a reproach	You can translate the idea behind the abstract noun “reproach” with an adjective such as “ashamed.” Alternate translation: “so we will no longer be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+NEH	2	17	ll6y	figs-abstractnouns	וְ⁠לֹא־נִהְיֶ֥ה ע֖וֹד חֶרְפָּֽה	1	and we will no longer be a reproach	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **reproach**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “ashamed.” Alternate translation: “so we will no longer be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 NEH	2	18	twi7	figs-metaphor	יַ֣ד אֱלֹהַ֗⁠י אֲשֶׁר־הִיא֙ טוֹבָ֣ה עָלַ֔⁠י	1	the hand of my God, that it was good upon me	Here hand is a metaphor meaning strength, power, control, or action. In this context, it means that God had been acting toward Nehemiah in a positive and favorable manner. See how you translated the similar expression in [2:8](../02/08.md). Alternate translation: “God’s favor had been upon me” or “God had been helping me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 NEH	2	18	a11c		דִּבְרֵ֥י הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָֽמַר־לִ֑⁠י	1	the words of the king that he had spoken to me	Alternate translation: “I also told them how the king had given me permission to come.”
 NEH	2	18	a13c	figs-explicit	נָק֣וּם וּ⁠בָנִ֔ינוּ	1	We will rise up and build	The implication is that the people responded this way after they heard all that God had done for Nehemiah. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “When they heard this, they said, ‘Let’s get going and begin building!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

en_tn_17-EST.tsv

@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ EST	3	1	abh9	figs-explicit	גִּדַּל֩…אֲחַשְׁוֵר֜וֹשׁ א
 EST	3	1	abi0	figs-doublet	וַֽ⁠יְנַשְּׂאֵ֑⁠הוּ וַ⁠יָּ֨שֶׂם֙ אֶת־כִּסְא֔⁠וֹ מֵ⁠עַ֕ל כָּל־הַ⁠שָּׂרִ֖ים	1	He lifted him up and placed his seat of authority from over all the officials	These two phrases mean the same thing. They are used together to emphasize that the king was making Haman very powerful. You could combine them and say something like, “the king gave Haman a very high position that was over all of his other officials.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 EST	3	1	pl9i	figs-metaphor	וַֽ⁠יְנַשְּׂאֵ֑⁠הוּ	1	He lifted him up	Here, **lifting** is a metaphor meaning to advance or promote a person to a higher, more important position than they held previously. Alternate translation: “he gave him a more important position” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EST	3	1	ptm4	figs-idiom	כִּסְא֔⁠וֹ	1	his seat of authority	Here, **seat of authority** means Haman’s position or status in the Persian government. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-EST	3	1	abi1	figs-abstractnouns	כִּסְא֔⁠וֹ	1	his seat of authority	You can translate the abstract noun “authority” by using a concrete noun for this whole phrase. For example, you can say, “his position.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EST	3	1	abi1	figs-abstractnouns	כִּסְא֔⁠וֹ	1	his seat of authority	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **authority**, you could express the same idea with a concrete noun for this whole phrase. For example, you can say, “his position.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EST	3	1	abi2		מֵ⁠עַ֕ל כָּל־הַ⁠שָּׂרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽ⁠וֹ	1	from over all the officials who were with him	**Him** in this phrase may refer to the king. You could say that “the king promoted him above his other officials” or “gave him more authority than all of his other officials” or that “Haman became more important than all of his other officials.”
 EST	3	2	abi3	figs-metonymy	וְ⁠כָל־עַבְדֵ֨י הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־בְּ⁠שַׁ֣עַר הַ⁠מֶּ֗לֶךְ	1	Then all the servants of the king who were at the gate of the king	Here, the **gate of the king**, probably the entrance to the citadel, may figuratively represent the citadel itself, the place where these people served the king. The citadel, in turn, would represent everyone who served the king. So you could say just “all the king’s other servants.” However, this may also be a reference to the specific group of officials who were stationed at the gate, the way Mordecai was. Alternate translation: “the royal officials who were stationed at the palace gate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 EST	3	2	abi4	figs-explicit	וְ⁠כָל־עַבְדֵ֨י הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ…כֹּרְעִ֤ים וּ⁠מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ לְ⁠הָמָ֔ן	1	all the servants of the king … were bowing down and prostrating themselves to Haman	The servants were required to do this as a way of honoring him whenever Haman walked by. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ EST	4	17	abs5	figs-explicit	וַֽ⁠יַּעֲבֹ֖ר מָרְדֳּכָ֑י	1
 EST	4	17	abs6		כְּ⁠כֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוְּתָ֥ה עָלָ֖י⁠ו אֶסְתֵּֽר	1	according to the whole charge that Esther had laid upon him	Alternate translation: “everything that Esther had told him to do”
 EST	5	intro	k5ff			0		# Esther 5 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section about Haman’s fall (Chapters 5-7).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Esther’s respect<br>Esther approached the king with the utmost of respect. By doing this, her character became respected by the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 EST	5	1	j53r	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יְהִ֣י ׀ בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֗י	1	Now it happened on the third day	This introduces a new event in the story. Alternate translation: “three days later” or “when Esther had been fasting for three days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
-EST	5	1	abs7	figs-abstractnouns	וַ⁠תִּלְבַּ֤שׁ אֶסְתֵּר֙ מַלְכ֔וּת	1	Esther put on royalty	You can use an adjective and a concrete noun to translate the abstract noun “royalty,” as in the UST, or you could use a phrase to explain what they were. Alternate translation: “Esther put on the robes that showed that she was the queen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EST	5	1	abs7	figs-abstractnouns	וַ⁠תִּלְבַּ֤שׁ אֶסְתֵּר֙ מַלְכ֔וּת	1	Esther put on royalty	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **royalty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective and a concrete noun. Alternate translation: “Esther put on the robes that showed that she was the queen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EST	5	1	abs8	figs-explicit	וַ⁠תִּלְבַּ֤שׁ אֶסְתֵּר֙ מַלְכ֔וּת	1	Esther put on royalty	It is clear from the story that before she went to see the king, Esther got a banquet ready so that she could invite him and Haman to come to it right away. If it is confusing to leave that out, you can explain that here. Alternate translation, add: “Esther prepared a grand banquet and then put on her royal robes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 EST	5	1	abs9		בַּ⁠חֲצַ֤ר בֵּית־הַ⁠מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ הַ⁠פְּנִימִ֔ית	1	the inner court of the palace of the king	See how you translated this in [4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate translation: “the inner courtyard of the palace”
 EST	5	1	uk7p		נֹ֖כַח בֵּ֣ית הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ	1	opposite to the house of the king	Alternate translation: “across from the room where the king was”

en_tn_18-JOB.tsv

@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ JOB	7	2	g9ji	figs-simile		0	Like a slave … like a hired man	Job compares his m
 JOB	7	2	f1pu	figs-explicit		0	the shadows of evening	“cool shade.” The implied information is that the shadows of evening provide coolness and shade from the sun (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JOB	7	2	d651			0	looks for his wages	Alternate translation: “waits for his pay”
 JOB	7	3	fpt6	figs-activepassive		0	I have been made to endure months of misery; I have been given trouble-filled nights	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “so I endure months of misery; I get trouble-filled nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-JOB	7	3	cp2i	figs-explicit		0	months of misery	The abstract noun “misery” can be translated as the adjective “miserable.” Alternate translation: “months when I am miserable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JOB	7	3	cp2i	figs-explicit		0	months of misery	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **misery**, you could express the same idea with the adjective “miserable.” Alternate translation: “months when I am miserable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JOB	7	4	m7jx	figs-explicit		0	When I lie down	The implied information is that this is when Job would lie down to sleep at night. Alternate translation: “When I lie down to sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JOB	7	4	fij2	figs-rpronouns		0	I say to myself	Job poses a question to no one else in particular. Alternate translation: “I ask” or “I wonder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
 JOB	7	4	sf4y	figs-rquestion		0	When will I get up and when will the night be gone?	Job poses this question to emphasize his intense suffering during the hours he should be sleeping. Alternate translation: “I wish I could get up, but night continues.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ JOB	7	9	g4h1			0	he who goes down to Sheol will come up no more	Alternate transl
 JOB	7	10	xnf4	figs-metonymy		0	his place	The words “his place” represent those who live in his place. Alternate translation: “the people who live in his place” or “his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JOB	7	11	ed6a	figs-parallelism		0	I will speak in the anguish of my spirit; I will complain in the bitterness of my soul	Job conveys a single idea using two different statements to emphasize the reason he will not remain silent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 JOB	7	11	q76q	figs-metonymy		0	I will not restrain my mouth	Here the mouth represents speech. Alternate translation: “I will not restrain my speech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JOB	7	11	v8zz	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the anguish of my spirit	“in the distress of my spirit” or “in the torment of my suffering.” The abstract noun “anguish” can be translated using the adverb “distress.” Alternate translation: “while my spirit is distressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	7	11	v8zz	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the anguish of my spirit	“in the distress of my spirit” or “in the torment of my suffering.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anguish**, you could express the same idea with the adverb “distress.” Alternate translation: “while my spirit is distressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	7	11	ti81	figs-metaphor		0	in the bitterness of my soul	Here sorrow is spoken of as if it tasted bitter, and “soul” refers to the whole man. Alternate translation: “with anger and resentment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 JOB	7	12	qy6r	figs-rquestion		0	Am I the sea or a sea monster that you place a guard over me?	Job poses this question to express his anger at God. In comparing himself to the sea or a sea monster, Job suggests that God regards him as a hideous creature. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not the sea or a sea monster that needs a guard to watch it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	7	13	v7e8	figs-metonymy		0	My bed will comfort me, and my couch will ease my complaint	Here “bed” and “couch” are metonyms for “sleep.” In lying down to sleep, Job would hope to be comforted. The metonyms also have human attributes; they have the ability to comfort and ease a person. Alternate translation: “My bed, my couch, will be like someone who can comfort me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ JOB	9	3	a6um			0	argue	dispute
 JOB	9	3	el71	figs-idiom		0	he cannot answer him once in a thousand times	“Once in a thousand times” here is an idiom that means “at all.” This could mean: (1) “he cannot give any answer to God” or (2) “God will not answer him at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 JOB	9	3	t9fi			0	a thousand times	Alternate translation: “1,000 times”
 JOB	9	4	mh8a	figs-metonymy		0	wise in heart	Here the heart represents the inner being or thoughts. Alternate translation: “wise in what he decides” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JOB	9	4	f7rj	figs-abstractnouns		0	mighty in strength	The abstract noun “strength” can be expressed as the adjective “strong.” Alternate translation: “mighty in how strong he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	9	4	f7rj	figs-abstractnouns		0	mighty in strength	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you could express the same idea with the adjective “strong.” Alternate translation: “mighty in how strong he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	9	4	b286	figs-rpronouns		0	hardened himself against him	To harden oneself means to be stubborn. Alternate translation: “resisted him” or “defied him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
 JOB	9	5	at5b			0	he who removes the mountains	Alternate translation: “God removes the mountains”
 JOB	9	6	m19t			0	he who shakes the earth	Alternate translation: “God shakes the earth”
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ JOB	9	17	qb29			0	tempest	a powerful or violent storm
 JOB	9	17	rl4w			0	multiplies my wounds	Alternate translation: “gives me many wounds” or “wounds me again and again”
 JOB	9	17	qw6a			0	without cause	Alternate translation: “even though I have not given him cause to do so” or “even though I am innocent”
 JOB	9	18	bw17	figs-idiom		0	to regain my breath	This is an idiom that means “to be able to breathe again” or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-JOB	9	18	uqz6	figs-metaphor		0	he fills me with bitterness	This verse pictures God as filling up Job’s life with things that make him bitter. The abstract noun “bitterness” can be expressed as the adjective “bitter.” Alternate translation: “he fills me up with bitter things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	9	18	uqz6	figs-metaphor		0	he fills me with bitterness	This verse pictures God as filling up Job’s life with things that make him bitter. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **bitterness**, you could express the same idea with the adjective “bitter.” Alternate translation: “he fills me up with bitter things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	9	19	qi46			0	If it is a matter of strength	Alternate translation: “If there is a contest of strength”
 JOB	9	19	ad8i			0	behold, he is mighty	Alternate translation: “look and you will see that he is mighty” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you: he is mighty”
 JOB	9	19	a2rc			0	he is mighty	Alternate translation: “he is the strong one”
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ JOB	9	27	wk23	figs-abstractnouns		0	I would forget about my complaints	If your l
 JOB	9	27	gn93	figs-explicit		0	my complaints	It can be stated clearly whom Job was complaining against. Alternate translation: “my complaints against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JOB	9	27	vk9t	figs-metaphor		0	I would take off my sad face and be happy	Job’s sad face is spoken of here as if it was something that could be removed. Alternate translation: “I would stop looking unhappy and smile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	9	28	rek4	grammar-connect-words-phrases		0	I would be afraid of all my sorrows	Verses 28 and 29 express the consequences if Job does what he says in verse 27. This can be expressed by adding the word “then.” Alternate translation: “Then I would be afraid of all my sorrows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
-JOB	9	28	hqx2	figs-abstractnouns		0	of all my sorrows	The abstract noun “sorrows” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “of everything that hurts me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	9	28	hqx2	figs-abstractnouns		0	of all my sorrows	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sorrows**, you could express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “of everything that hurts me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	9	29	js2a	figs-activepassive		0	I will be condemned	“I will be accused and punished.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will condemn me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JOB	9	29	w57l	figs-rquestion		0	why, then, should I try in vain?	Job uses this question to emphasize that he does not think it is of any use trying to get God’s attention. The implied information about what Job is trying can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “It is of no use to try to get God’s attention.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JOB	9	30	l6jt			0	If I washed myself with snow water	Alternate translation: “If I bathed my body in pure, clean water”
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ JOB	9	35	ug86			0	as things are now	Alternate translation: “because this is ho
 JOB	10	intro	ul99			0		# Job 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Bildad.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s righteousness<br>Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse Yahweh. Instead, he defends himself to Yahweh, while trusting in his decision. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to defend himself. He does not believe that he committed a sin deserving severe punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	10	1	ch7h			0	I am weary of my life	Alternate translation: “I am tired of living”
 JOB	10	1	p5cl	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will give free expression to my complaint	The abstract nouns “expression” and “complaint” can be translated as the verbs “express” and “complain.” Alternate translation: “I will freely express what I have to complain about” or “I will argue freely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-JOB	10	1	zk1f	figs-metaphor		0	I will speak in the bitterness of my soul	How Job feels is compared to a bitter taste. The abstract noun “bitterness” can be translated as the adverb “bitterly.” Alternate translation: “My inner being will speak bitterly” or “I will bitterly speak out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	10	1	zk1f	figs-metaphor		0	I will speak in the bitterness of my soul	How Job feels is compared to a bitter taste. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **bitterness**, you could express the same idea with the adverb “bitterly.” Alternate translation: “My inner being will speak bitterly” or “I will bitterly speak out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	10	3	aaw5	figs-rquestion		0	Is it good to you that you should oppress me, to despise the work of your hands while you smile on the plans of the wicked?	This question expects a “no” answer and can be changed into a statement. Alternate translation: “It is not good that you should oppress me, that you should despise the work of your hands, while you smile on the plans of the wicked.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	10	3	vw7h	figs-synecdoche		0	the work of your hands	Here God is represented by his “hands.” Alternate translation: “what you have created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 JOB	10	3	q8wf	figs-idiom		0	smile on the plans of the wicked	Here the idiom “smiling on” represents God’s approval. Alternate translation: “approve the plans of the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ JOB	10	16	ya75	figs-idiom		0	If my head were lifted up	This idiom means to becom
 JOB	10	16	bss8	figs-simile		0	you would stalk me like a lion	Possible meanings of this simile are: (1) God hunts Job like a lion hunts its prey or (2) Job is like a lion being hunted by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 JOB	10	16	yj7r	figs-irony		0	again you would show yourself with marvellous acts of power against me	This phrase expresses irony in how God displays his marvelous power by acting to harm Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
 JOB	10	17	u754	figs-metaphor		0	You bring new witnesses against me	Job’s troubles from God are spoken of as if they were people who were witnesses against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JOB	10	17	di4r	figs-abstractnouns		0	increase your anger against me	The abstract noun “anger” can be translated as the adjective “angry.” Alternate translation: “are more and more angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	10	17	di4r	figs-abstractnouns		0	increase your anger against me	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anger**, you could express the same idea with the adjective “angry.” Alternate translation: “are more and more angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	10	17	zs8c	figs-metaphor		0	you attack me with fresh armies	God sending troubles against Job is spoken of as if God was constantly sending new armies against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	10	18	zk6f	figs-metaphor		0	brought me out of the womb	Here being brought out of the womb represents being born into this world. Alternate translation: “brought me out of my mother’s womb” or “brought me into this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	10	18	n2ql	figs-metaphor		0	given up my spirit	Giving up one’s spirit represents dying. Alternate translation: “died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ JOB	11	10	y4fx			0	If he … shuts anyone up	Alternate translation: “If God
 JOB	11	10	d1jn	figs-abstractnouns		0	if he calls anyone to judgment	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “if God calls anyone to go to him so that God might judge him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	11	10	f915	figs-rquestion		0	who can stop him?	This question emphasizes that no one can stop God. Alternate translation: “no one can stop him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	11	11	gdx6	figs-rquestion		0	does he not notice it?	This emphasizes that God does notice sin. Alternate translation: “he surely notices it!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JOB	11	12	e8e9	figs-abstractnouns		0	But foolish people have no understanding	The abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed with the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “But foolish people do not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	11	12	e8e9	figs-abstractnouns		0	But foolish people have no understanding	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “But foolish people do not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	11	12	jlz1	figs-irony		0	they will get it when a wild donkey gives birth to a man	Since a wild donkey can never give birth to a man, this means that foolish people will never get understanding. Alternate translation: “only if a wild donkey could give birth to a man could foolish people get understanding” or “it is as impossible for a foolish person to get understanding as it is for a donkey to give birth to a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
 JOB	11	13	k56l	figs-metaphor		0	suppose that you had set your heart right	The heart represents thoughts and attitudes. Setting it right represents correcting it. Alternate translation: “even if you had corrected your attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	11	13	mm3c	translate-symaction		0	had reached out with your hands toward God	This is a symbolic action representing asking God for help. Alternate translation: “had made an appeal and prayed to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ JOB	11	17	s8z7	figs-metaphor		0	it would become like the morning	The morning rep
 JOB	11	18	iqu3	figs-parallelism		0	You would be secure … take your rest in safety	Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis and describes the possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
 JOB	11	18	f1be	figs-idiom		0	would take your rest in safety	“Take your rest” here is an idiom for “rest.” The phrase “in safety” can be expressed with the word “safely.” Alternate translation: “would rest safely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	11	19	fm2w	figs-parallelism		0	Also you would lie down in rest … your favor.	Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis and describes the possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
-JOB	11	19	hc18	figs-abstractnouns		0	you would lie down in rest	The abstract noun “rest” can be expressed with the verb “rest.” Alternate translation: “you would lie down and rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	11	19	hc18	figs-abstractnouns		0	you would lie down in rest	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rest**, you could express the same idea with the verb “rest.” Alternate translation: “you would lie down and rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	11	20	s359	figs-metaphor		0	the eyes of wicked people will fail	Their eyes represent their understanding. Alternate translation: “the understanding of the wicked people will fail” or “the wicked people will not be able to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	12	intro	u4jn			0		# Job 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Zophar.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s righteousness<br>Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. His friends, on the other hand, judge Job’s case, which Job recognizes to be Yahweh’s authority. These three friends therefore try to take God’s place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br>Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He is also upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	12	2	dpz4	figs-irony		0	No doubt you are the people; wisdom will die with you	Job mocks how they are acting and shows how ridiculous they sound. Alternate translation: “Surely you are such important people that wisdom cannot exist without you” or “You all act like you are the only wise people and that when you die, wisdom will disappear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
@@ -671,24 +671,24 @@ JOB	12	9	tht3	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of Yahweh has done this	Yahweh’s hand
 JOB	12	10	tx1w	figs-metonymy		0	In his hand is the life … and the breath of all mankind	Yahweh’s hand represents his control or power. Alternate translation: “God controls the life of every living thing and gives breath to all mankind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JOB	12	10	s1sr	figs-metonymy		0	the breath of all mankind	Here “breath” represents life or the ability to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JOB	12	11	d5vn	figs-rquestion		0	Does not the ear test words just as the palate tastes its food?	Job uses this question to emphasize that people listen to what others say and judge whether it is good or not. The ear and palate are metonyms for hearing and tasting. Alternate translation: “We hear what people say and test it just as we taste food and test it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
-JOB	12	12	v4ft	figs-abstractnouns		0	With aged men is wisdom	“Aged men have wisdom.” The abstract noun “wisdom” can be expressed with “wise.” The word “men” refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “Old people are wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
-JOB	12	12	lhn1	figs-abstractnouns		0	in length of days is understanding	This represents people gaining understanding when they live a long time. The abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed with the phrase “understand much.” Alternate translation: “people gain understanding when they live a long time” or “people who live a long time understand much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	12	12	v4ft	figs-abstractnouns		0	With aged men is wisdom	“Aged men have wisdom.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with “wise.” The word “men” refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “Old people are wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
+JOB	12	12	lhn1	figs-abstractnouns		0	in length of days is understanding	This represents people gaining understanding when they live a long time. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with the phrase “understand much.” Alternate translation: “people gain understanding when they live a long time” or “people who live a long time understand much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	12	13	mmb7			0	General Information:	Verse 13 says that God is wise and mighty. The rest of this chapter shows that this is true by telling about the wise and mighty things that God does.
 JOB	12	13	tw4v	figs-abstractnouns		0	With God are wisdom and might	The abstract nouns “wisdom” and “might” can be expressed with the adjectives “wise” and “mighty.” Alternate translation: “God is wise and mighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	12	14	aq2d			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
 JOB	12	14	v1pt	figs-activepassive		0	it cannot be built again	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one can rebuild it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-JOB	12	14	c4eb	figs-abstractnouns		0	if he imprisons someone, there can be no release	The abstract noun “release” can be expressed with the verb “free.” Alternate translation: “if God shuts someone in, no one can free him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	12	14	c4eb	figs-abstractnouns		0	if he imprisons someone, there can be no release	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **release**, you could express the same idea with the verb “free.” Alternate translation: “if God shuts someone in, no one can free him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	12	15	pl3c	figs-metaphor		0	if he withholds the waters, they dry up	Possible meanings are that withholding waters represents: (1) preventing the rain from falling. Alternate translation: “if he stops the rain from falling the land dries up” or (2) preventing running water from flowing. Alternate translation: “if he stops the water from flowing, the land dries up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	12	15	rel2	figs-metaphor		0	if he sends them out, they overwhelm the land	Possible meanings are that sending them out is a metaphor meaning: (1) causing the rain to fall. Alternate translation: “if he causes a lot of rain to fall, it floods the land” or (2) causing the waters to flow. Alternate translation: “if he makes a lot of water flow, it floods the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	12	16	gqf6	figs-abstractnouns		0	With him are strength and wisdom	The abstract nouns “strength” and “wisdom” can be expressed with the words “strong” and “wise.” Alternate translation: “God is strong and wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	12	16	uuh8			0	people who are deceived and the deceiver are both in his power	Being in God’s power represents God ruling over them. Alternate translation: “people who believe a lie and people who lie to others are both in his power” or “God rules over both people who believe lies and people who lie to others”
 JOB	12	17	lk8b	figs-metaphor		0	He leads counselors away barefoot	Leading counselors away barefoot represents taking away their wisdom and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JOB	12	17	ux12	figs-abstractnouns		0	in sorrow	The abstract noun “sorrow” can be expressed with the words “sad” or “grieve” Alternate translation: “and they feel very sad” or “and they grieve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	12	17	ux12	figs-abstractnouns		0	in sorrow	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sorrow**, you could express the same idea with the words “sad” or “grieve” Alternate translation: “and they feel very sad” or “and they grieve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	12	17	uu39			0	he turns judges into fools	Alternate translation: “he makes judges become foolish”
 JOB	12	18	w5lc	figs-metonymy		0	He takes off the chain of authority from kings	Possible meanings are that: (1) this is a metonym for causing kings to no longer have authority. Alternate translation: “He takes away the authority of kings” or (2) this is a metonym for setting people free from the chains that kings have put on them. Alternate translation: “He takes off the bonds that kings have put on people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JOB	12	18	p4c4	figs-metonymy		0	he wraps a cloth about their waists	This cloth is probably what a slave wears. To put these cloths on kings represents making the kings slaves. Alternate translation: “he makes kings wear the clothing of slaves” or “he makes them slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JOB	12	19	mkn4	figs-metaphor		0	He leads priests away barefoot	Leading priests away barefoot represents taking away their authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JOB	12	19	wut2	figs-abstractnouns		0	in sorrow	The abstract noun “sorrow” can be expressed with the words “sad” or “grieve” Alternate translation: “and they feel sad” or “and they grieve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	12	19	wut2	figs-abstractnouns		0	in sorrow	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sorrow**, you could express the same idea with the words “sad” or “grieve” Alternate translation: “and they feel sad” or “and they grieve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	12	19	ch3f			0	overthrows mighty people	Alternate translation: “defeats powerful people”
 JOB	12	20	g3na	figs-metonymy		0	He removes the speech of those who had been trusted	Removing their speech represents making them unable to speak. Alternate translation: “He makes those who were trusted unable to speak” or “He silences people whom others trusted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JOB	12	20	dk1e	figs-metonymy		0	takes away the understanding of the elders	Taking away their understanding represents making them unable to understand or make good decisions. Alternate translation: “makes the elders unable to understand” or “makes the elders unable to make good decisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -737,10 +737,10 @@ JOB	13	13	wau3	figs-idiom		0	let me alone	This is an idiom that means “stop bo
 JOB	13	13	vp1h	figs-metaphor		0	let come what may on me	Things coming on a person represents things happening to a person. This expression starting with “let” means that he does not care what might happen to him. Alternate translation: “let whatever may happen to me happen” or “I do not care what may happen to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	13	14	wk5u	figs-metonymy		0	I will take my own flesh … in my hands	“Flesh” here is a metonym for life. “Teeth” and “hands” are metonyms for his own control. These two phrases together emphasize that Job is willing to risk his life by arguing his case with God. Alternate translation: “I am ready to risk my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 JOB	13	16	t8zh			0	Connecting Statement:	Job finishes speaking to his friends and begins to address God directly.
-JOB	13	16	e8gk	figs-abstractnouns		0	This will be the reason for my deliverance	The abstract noun “deliverance” can be expressed with the verb “deliver.” Alternate translation: “This is the reason that God will deliver me” or “This is why God will save me from my troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	13	16	e8gk	figs-abstractnouns		0	This will be the reason for my deliverance	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **deliverance**, you could express the same idea with the verb “deliver.” Alternate translation: “This is the reason that God will deliver me” or “This is why God will save me from my troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	13	17	ppd9			0	God, listen carefully	Job begins directing his speech directly to God.
 JOB	13	17	z88n	figs-parallelism		0	listen carefully to my speech; let my declaration come to your ears	These two lines mean basically the same thing and intensify Job’s request for God to listen to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
-JOB	13	17	g1xr	figs-abstractnouns		0	let my declaration come to your ears	The abstract noun “declaration” can be expressed with the verb “declare.” The ears represent listening. Alternate translation: “listen to my declaration” or “listen to what I declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JOB	13	17	g1xr	figs-abstractnouns		0	let my declaration come to your ears	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **declaration**, you could express the same idea with the verb “declare.” The ears represent listening. Alternate translation: “listen to my declaration” or “listen to what I declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JOB	13	18	dj3q			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues speaking to God.
 JOB	13	18	y2bk			0	See now	This emphasizes what follows. “Listen now” or “Please pay special attention”
 JOB	13	18	mb7w	figs-metaphor		0	I have set my defense in order	Setting his defense in order represents deciding what he will say to defend himself. Alternate translation: “I have thought through how I will defend myself” or “I have decided how I will explain myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ JOB	13	25	xm7f	figs-rquestion		0	Will you persecute … pursue dry stubble?	Job
 JOB	13	26	ta4y			0	Connecting Statement:	Job finishes presenting his case to God.
 JOB	13	26	h6dc	figs-metaphor		0	For you write down bitter things against me	“Bitter things” represents accusations. Alternate translation: “For you write down accusations against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	13	26	bc79	figs-metaphor		0	you make me inherit the iniquities of my youth	Inheriting the iniquities of his youth is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) being guilty for the sins of his youth. Alternate translation: “you say that I am still guilty for the sins of my youth” or (2) being punished for the sins of his youth. Alternate translation: “you punish me for the sins of my youth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JOB	13	26	l6wj	figs-abstractnouns		0	the iniquities of my youth	The abstract noun “youth” can be translated with the word “young.” Alternate translation: “the sins I committed when I was young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	13	26	l6wj	figs-abstractnouns		0	the iniquities of my youth	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **youth**, you could express the same idea with the word “young.” Alternate translation: “the sins I committed when I was young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	13	27	l4hh	figs-metaphor		0	You also put my feet in the stocks	Doing this represents punishing Job and keeping him from living freely as if Job had committed a crime and was a prisoner. Alternate translation: “It is as though you put my feet in the stocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	13	27	lk93			0	the stocks	This could mean: (1) a frame that holds a prisoner’s feet in place so that he cannot move at all or (2) chains around a prisoner’s feet that make it hard for him to walk. These are used as a form of punishment.
 JOB	13	27	v659	figs-metaphor		0	all my paths	“Paths” represent the things Job does. Alternate translation: “everything I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ JOB	14	5	fm5b	figs-activepassive		0	Man’s days are determined	This can be expr
 JOB	14	5	iz79	figs-metonymy		0	The number of his months is with you	The number of man’s months being with God represents God deciding the number of months that the man will live. “You decide how many months he will live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JOB	14	5	jij3	figs-metaphor		0	you have appointed his limits that he cannot pass	Passing a limit represents living past a time that God has set for a person to die. Alternate translation: “you have appointed the time that he will die, and he cannot live longer than that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	14	6	w4rx			0	hired man	a man who is hired to do a job and goes home afterwards
-JOB	14	7	l8i1	figs-abstractnouns		0	There can be hope for a tree	The abstract noun “hope” can be expressed with the verb “hope.” The hope is explained in verses 7-9. Alternate translation: “We can hope that a tree will live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JOB	14	7	l8i1	figs-abstractnouns		0	There can be hope for a tree	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hope**, you could express the same idea with the verb “hope.” The hope is explained in verses 7-9. Alternate translation: “We can hope that a tree will live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JOB	14	7	ezr1			0	it might sprout again	Alternate translation: “it might start growing again”
 JOB	14	7	jj4i	figs-metaphor		0	so that its tender stalk does not disappear	Disappearing represents dying. Alternate translation: “so that its young shoot will not die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	14	8	u25b			0	Though	Alternate translation: “Even if”
@@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ JOB	14	13	km9h	figs-idiom		0	call me to mind	Call someone to mind is an idiom me
 JOB	14	14	u755	figs-rquestion		0	If a man dies, will he live again?	The implicit answer is “no.” Alternate translation: “If a man dies, he will not live again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	14	14	a2dm	figs-explicit		0	If so	What “so” refers to is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “If he would live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JOB	14	14	he34			0	to wait all my weary time there	Alternate translation: “to wait all my time there even though I would be weary”
-JOB	14	14	ws2y	figs-abstractnouns		0	until my release should come	The abstract noun “release” can be expressed with the verb “release.” Alternate translation: “until I should be released” or “until you release me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	14	14	ws2y	figs-abstractnouns		0	until my release should come	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **release**, you could express the same idea with the verb “release.” Alternate translation: “until I should be released” or “until you release me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	14	15	tbe8			0	I would answer	Alternate translation: “I would do what you wanted me to do”
 JOB	14	15	d3u1	figs-abstractnouns		0	You would have a desire for	The noun “desire” can be expressed with the verbs “desire” or “want.” Alternate translation: “You would desire” or “You would want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	14	15	j3fp	figs-metonymy		0	for the work of your hands	Here God’s hands represent him making things. Job refers to himself as the work of God’s hands. Alternate translation: “for me, whom you have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ JOB	14	18	hga3	figs-doublet		0	mountains fall and come to nothing	“Come to not
 JOB	14	18	h2q3	figs-activepassive		0	rocks are moved out of their place	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “rocks tumble down from their place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JOB	14	19	nc2a	figs-simile		0	Like this, you destroy the hope of man	If it is easier in your language, you can put this phrase at the beginning of verse 18 and adjust the text accordingly. Alternate translation: “You destroy the hope of man, just like … dust of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 JOB	14	19	dj8q	figs-metaphor		0	you destroy the hope of man	Destroying hope represents causing the things people hope for not to happen. Alternate translation: “You prevent the hope of man from happening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JOB	14	19	usl5	figs-abstractnouns		0	the hope of man	The abstract noun “hopes” can be expressed with the verb “hope.” Alternate translation: “the things that man hopes for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	14	19	usl5	figs-abstractnouns		0	the hope of man	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hopes**, you could express the same idea with the verb “hope.” Alternate translation: “the things that man hopes for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	14	20	q4my			0	You always defeat him	The word “him” refers to any person. Alternate translation: “You always defeat man” or “You always defeat people”
 JOB	14	20	uah1	figs-euphemism		0	he passes away	Passing away represents dying. Alternate translation: “he dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
 JOB	14	20	p3dh			0	you change his face	This could mean: (1) the pain just before dying makes his face contract or (2) when a person dies, God makes the person’s face look different.
@@ -1068,12 +1068,12 @@ JOB	19	4	bfn1	figs-explicit		0	my error remains my own concern	Job implies that
 JOB	19	4	fb5f			0	my error	Alternate translation: “my sin” or “my mistake”
 JOB	19	5	z7gm			0	If indeed you will exalt yourselves above me	Alternate translation: “If you think you are better than I am” or “Since you act as though you are better than I am”
 JOB	19	5	ms5y	figs-explicit		0	use my humiliation against me	How his friends would do this can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “claim that my humiliation is proof against me” or “use my humiliation as evidence that I am guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JOB	19	5	tzm1	figs-abstractnouns		0	use my humiliation against me	The abstract noun “humiliation” can be expressed with the verb “humiliate.” Alternate translation: “claim that what has happened to humiliate me proves that I am guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	19	5	tzm1	figs-abstractnouns		0	use my humiliation against me	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **humiliation**, you could express the same idea with the verb “humiliate.” Alternate translation: “claim that what has happened to humiliate me proves that I am guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	19	6	gb9h	figs-metaphor		0	has caught me in his net	Job speaks as if God were a hunter that has trapped Job in his net. This metaphor represents God taking control of Job and Job’s feeling of helplessness. Alternate translation: “has trapped me” or “has taken control of me” or “has control of what happens to me, so that I am helpless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	19	7	bp47			0	See, I cry out	Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I cry out”
 JOB	19	7	zyg9	figs-explicit		0	Violence!	This is a cry for help. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Violence! Help!” or “Help! I am being attacked!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JOB	19	7	i3lc			0	I call out for help	Alternate translation: “I shout for help” or “I cry for help”
-JOB	19	7	i4w8	figs-abstractnouns		0	but there is no justice	The abstract noun “justice” can be translated with a phrase that makes the meaning clear. Alternate translation: “but no one protects me from those who do me wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JOB	19	7	i4w8	figs-abstractnouns		0	but there is no justice	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a phrase that makes the meaning clear. Alternate translation: “but no one protects me from those who do me wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JOB	19	8	dpr7	figs-metaphor		0	He has walled up … darkness in my path	Job uses these images to describe how God has made him feel helpless and hopeless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	19	8	ly9g			0	He has walled up my way so that I cannot pass	Alternate translation: “God has put a wall on the road that I am walking on” or “He has blocked the way so I cannot keep going”
 JOB	19	9	wfj7	figs-metaphor		0	He has stripped … the crown from my head	Job uses these images to say that God has taken his good reputation, wealth, and dignity away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1130,13 +1130,13 @@ JOB	19	28	ddd3	figs-metaphor		0	The root of his troubles lies in him	The “root
 JOB	19	29	tw35	figs-metonymy		0	then be afraid of the sword	Possible meanings are that the sword represents: (1) God judging them. Alternate translation: “then be afraid that God will judge you” or (2) God killing them. Alternate translation: “then be afraid that God will kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JOB	19	29	t8gg	figs-abstractnouns		0	because wrath brings the punishment of the sword	The abstract nouns “wrath” and “punishment” can be expressed with the adjective “angry” and the verb “punish.” This could mean: (1) God’s anger results in punishment. Alternate translation: “because God will be angry with you and punish you” or (2) the anger of Job’s friends results in punishment. Alternate translation: “because if you are so angry with me, God will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	19	29	yy9j			0	brings	Alternate translation: “causes” or “results in”
-JOB	19	29	n1i1	figs-abstractnouns		0	there is a judgment	The abstract noun “judgment” can be expressed with the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “God judges people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	19	29	n1i1	figs-abstractnouns		0	there is a judgment	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you could express the same idea with the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “God judges people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	20	intro	p78g			0		# Job 20 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job’s friend, Zophar. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke, and he is even angry at Job. He claims that Job took advantage of the poor and is being punished for it.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Zophar’s advice<br>Zophar tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Zophar gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br>There are many metaphors used in this chapter. Zophar uses them to explain the temporary nature of life and riches. He also uses them to describe God’s punishment of Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	20	1	p292			0	General Information:	Zophar replies to Job.
 JOB	20	1	chh1			0	Zophar the Naamathite	See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). Since this is the second time that Zophar speaks, some translations omit “the Naamathite” here.
 JOB	20	2	eef1	figs-metaphor		0	My thoughts make me answer quickly	The idea of Zophar’s thoughts making him do something represents his strong desire to do something. Alternate translation: “I want very much to answer you quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JOB	20	2	wy6h	figs-abstractnouns		0	because of the worry that is in me	The abstract noun “worry” can be expressed with the adjective “worried.” The reason for the worry can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “because I am very worried about you” or “because I am very worried because of what you said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JOB	20	3	m5c5	figs-abstractnouns		0	I hear a rebuke that dishonors me	The abstract noun “rebuke” can be expressed with the verb “rebuke.” Alternate translation: “I hear you rebuke me, and what you say dishonors me” or “You insult me by how you rebuke me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	20	2	wy6h	figs-abstractnouns		0	because of the worry that is in me	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **worry**, you could express the same idea with the adjective “worried.” The reason for the worry can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “because I am very worried about you” or “because I am very worried because of what you said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JOB	20	3	m5c5	figs-abstractnouns		0	I hear a rebuke that dishonors me	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rebuke**, you could express the same idea with the verb “rebuke.” Alternate translation: “I hear you rebuke me, and what you say dishonors me” or “You insult me by how you rebuke me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	20	3	y21q			0	a spirit from my understanding answers me	Here “spirit” probably refers to a thought or idea. Alternate translation: “a thought from my understanding answers me”
 JOB	20	3	pk2s	figs-personification		0	a spirit from my understanding answers me	This “spirit” or thought is spoken of as if it were a person that could answer Zophar. Alternate translation: “I have a thought from my understanding, and now I know what I wanted to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 JOB	20	3	dt4l	figs-explicit		0	a spirit from my understanding answers me	The content of the answer can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “a thought from my understanding answers me about how I can reply to you” or “I have a thought from my understanding, and now I know how I can reply to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -1144,9 +1144,9 @@ JOB	20	3	dha7	figs-abstractnouns		0	a spirit from my understanding answers me	Th
 JOB	20	4	um5p			0	Do you not know this fact from ancient times … man on earth	Zophar begins a rhetorical question to cause Job to think deeply about what he will now say.
 JOB	20	5	cr4t			0	Connecting Statement:	Zophar finishes the rhetorical question he began in verse 4.
 JOB	20	5	nhc5	figs-rquestion		0	the triumph … for a moment?	Zophar uses a rhetorical question to cause Job to think deeply about what he will now say. This can be translated as a statement. “Surely you know … man on earth; the triumph … for a moment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JOB	20	5	ubq8	figs-abstractnouns		0	the triumph of a wicked man is short	The abstract noun “triumph” can be expressed with the verbs “triumph” or “celebrate.” Alternate translation: “the wicked man triumphs only a short time” or “the wicked person celebrates for only a little while” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-JOB	20	5	u62f	figs-abstractnouns		0	the joy of a godless man lasts only for a moment	The abstract noun “joy” can be expressed with the verb “rejoice” or the adjective “happy.” The word “moment” is an exaggeration to emphasize that the time is very short. Alternate translation: “a godless man rejoices for only a moment” or “the godless man is happy for only a very short time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
-JOB	20	6	jjd5	figs-abstractnouns		0	Though his height reaches up to the heavens	“Though the wicked person’s height reaches up to the heavens.” The abstract noun “height” can be expressed with the adjective “tall.” Alternate translation: “Though he is as tall as the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	20	5	ubq8	figs-abstractnouns		0	the triumph of a wicked man is short	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **triumph**, you could express the same idea with the verbs “triumph” or “celebrate.” Alternate translation: “the wicked man triumphs only a short time” or “the wicked person celebrates for only a little while” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	20	5	u62f	figs-abstractnouns		0	the joy of a godless man lasts only for a moment	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **joy**, you could express the same idea with the verb “rejoice” or the adjective “happy.” The word “moment” is an exaggeration to emphasize that the time is very short. Alternate translation: “a godless man rejoices for only a moment” or “the godless man is happy for only a very short time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
+JOB	20	6	jjd5	figs-abstractnouns		0	Though his height reaches up to the heavens	“Though the wicked person’s height reaches up to the heavens.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **height**, you could express the same idea with the adjective “tall.” Alternate translation: “Though he is as tall as the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	20	6	v8z8	figs-metaphor		0	Though his height reaches up to the heavens	The wicked man’s height represents either his reputation or his pride. Also, here “reaches up to the heavens” represents being very great. Alternate translation: “Though his reputation is great” or “Though his pride is great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	20	6	by93	figs-metaphor		0	his head reaches to the clouds	“and though his head is as high as the clouds.” This also represents his reputation or pride being great. This means the same as the previous phrase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 JOB	20	7	b9xv	figs-simile		0	will perish permanently like his own feces	Feces mixes in with the ground and disappears. The reference to feces may also imply that the wicked person is worthless. Alternate translation: “will perish permanently like his feces, which completely disappears in the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@ JOB	20	18	w9e5	figs-metaphor		0	will not be able to eat it	Here “to eat” the
 JOB	20	21	e2vt	figs-doublenegatives		0	There is nothing left that he did not devour	This can be reworded with only one of the negatives. Alternate translation: “He devoured everything, and there is nothing left” or “There is nothing left because he devoured everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 JOB	20	21	zi35	figs-metaphor		0	There is nothing left that he did not devour	Here “devour” represents taking things for himself. Alternate translation: “There is nothing left that he did not take for himself” or “He took everything for himself, and there is nothing left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	20	22	k3n2			0	he will fall into trouble	Alternate translation: “he will suddenly experience trouble”
-JOB	20	22	tq3y	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of everyone who is in poverty will come against him	Here “hand” represents power, and “hand … will come against him” represents people attacking him. The abstract noun “poverty” can be expressed with the adjective “poor.” Alternate translation: “everyone who is in poverty will attack him” or “everyone who is poor will attack him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	20	22	tq3y	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of everyone who is in poverty will come against him	Here “hand” represents power, and “hand … will come against him” represents people attacking him. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with the adjective “poor.” Alternate translation: “everyone who is in poverty will attack him” or “everyone who is poor will attack him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	20	23	d4yy	figs-metonymy		0	to fill his stomach	Here “fill his stomach” is a metonym meaning eat a lot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JOB	20	23	kha9	figs-metaphor		0	God will throw the fierceness of his wrath on him	The “fierceness of his wrath” represents God’s anger and punishment. Throwing the punishment on him represents punishing him severely. Alternate translation: “God will be angry and throw down his punishment on him” or “God will be angry and punish him severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	20	23	i6l2	figs-metaphor		0	God will rain it down on him	“God will cause it to rain down on him.” Here “rain it down on him” represents causing much punishment to happen to the man. Alternate translation: “God will punish him severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1197,7 +1197,7 @@ JOB	20	28	pfc3			0	General Information:	This concludes Zophar’s speech to Job.
 JOB	20	28	u2v7			0	vanish	disappear
 JOB	20	28	r6s5	figs-metaphor		0	his goods will flow away on	Here “flow away” represents being taken away from him. Alternate translation: “his goods will be taken away from him, like goods that float away in a flood, on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	20	28	wi73			0	his goods	Alternate translation: “his possessions”
-JOB	20	28	e2e8	figs-metonymy		0	the day of God’s wrath	Here “wrath” represents punishment. The abstract noun “wrath” can be expressed with the verb punish. Alternate translation: “the day when God punishes people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JOB	20	28	e2e8	figs-metonymy		0	the day of God’s wrath	Here “wrath” represents punishment. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wrath**, you could express the same idea with the verb punish. Alternate translation: “the day when God punishes people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JOB	20	29	d9w5	figs-metaphor		0	This is the wicked man’s portion from God	Here “portion from God” represents what God has decided should happen to someone. It is spoken of as if it were something that God would give him. Alternate translation: “This is what God has decided should happen to the wicked man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	20	29	a1s8	figs-metaphor		0	the heritage reserved for him by God	This represents what God has decided should happen to someone. It is spoken of as if it were something that God would give him as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “what God has planned to give to him” or “what God has planned should happen to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	21	intro	k6tx			0		# Job 21 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Zophar. It is also a response to all three of his friends in general.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Ancestor’s sin<br>In the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person could be punished because of the sins of their fathers and ancestors. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While a father’s sin may have consequences for their children, Yahweh does not punish people because of their father’s sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -1446,7 +1446,7 @@ JOB	25	4	v4y8	figs-rquestion		0	How then can man be righteous with God?	The impl
 JOB	25	4	z1j1	figs-rquestion		0	How can he who is born … acceptable to him?	The implicit reaction is that he cannot. Alternate translation: “He who is born of a woman cannot be clean or acceptable to him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	25	4	kx6l	figs-idiom		0	he who is born of a woman	This idiom includes everyone. Alternate translation: “any person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 JOB	25	5	f8pe			0	See	The word “See” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed”
-JOB	25	5	un12	figs-abstractnouns		0	the moon has no brightness to him	The abstract noun “brightness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the moon is not bright enough for God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	25	5	un12	figs-abstractnouns		0	the moon has no brightness to him	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **brightness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “the moon is not bright enough for God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	25	5	kt4v			0	the stars are not pure in his sight	Here “pure” means “perfect.” Alternate translation: “he does not think even the stars are perfect”
 JOB	25	6	c7kh	figs-parallelism		0	How much less man … a son of man, who is a worm	These two lines say the same thing and are used together to emphasize that man is not perfect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 JOB	25	6	h6x7	figs-metaphor		0	who is a worm	Bildad states that human beings are as worthless as worms. Alternate translation: “who is as worthless as a worm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1481,7 +1481,7 @@ JOB	27	2	vm9g			0	As surely as God lives	This phrase shows that Job is taking an
 JOB	27	2	zm2r	figs-metaphor		0	has taken away my justice	Justice is spoken of as if it were an object that could be taken away or given. Taking it away represents refusing to treat Job with justice. Alternate translation: “has refused to treat me justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	27	2	tp23	figs-metonymy		0	made my life bitter	Job’s “life” being bitter represents Job feeling resentful toward God. Alternate translation: “has caused me to become resentful” or “has made me feel angry because of the unfair way he has treated me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JOB	27	3	m4bm			0	while my life is yet in me	This refers to the duration of the rest of his life. Alternate translation: “during the whole time that my life is yet in me” or “as long as my life is yet in me”
-JOB	27	3	ny28	figs-abstractnouns		0	while my life is yet in me	The abstract noun “life” can be expressed with the adjective “alive” or the verb “live.” Alternate translation: “as long as I am still alive” or “while I still live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	27	3	ny28	figs-abstractnouns		0	while my life is yet in me	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **life**, you could express the same idea with the adjective “alive” or the verb “live.” Alternate translation: “as long as I am still alive” or “while I still live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	27	3	xg5k	figs-metonymy		0	the breath from God is in my nostrils	“Breath … in my nostrils” represents being able to breathe. “Breath from God” represents God making him able to breathe. Alternate translation: “God enables me to breathe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JOB	27	3	krx8			0	nostrils	Alternate translation: “nose”
 JOB	27	4	xct5	figs-parallelism		0	My lips will not speak wickedness, neither will my tongue speak deceit	These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that he will not speak in such ways. The phrases “My lips” and “my tongue” represent Job himself. Alternate translation: “I will not speak wickedness or deceit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -1489,7 +1489,7 @@ JOB	27	4	vg54	figs-abstractnouns		0	speak wickedness … speak deceit	The abstra
 JOB	27	5	tp64			0	I will never admit that you three are right	Alternate translation: “I will never agree with you and say that you three are right”
 JOB	27	5	n6mb	figs-you		0	that you three are right	The word “you” here is plural. It refers to Job’s friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
 JOB	27	5	uy2n			0	I will never deny my integrity	Alternate translation: “I will never say that I am not innocent” or “I will always say that I am innocent”
-JOB	27	6	rv4l	figs-metaphor		0	I hold fast to my righteousness	Here “hold fast” is a metaphor that represents being determined to continue to say something. The abstract noun “righteousness” can be expressed with “righteous.” Alternate translation: “I am determined to continue saying that I am righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	27	6	rv4l	figs-metaphor		0	I hold fast to my righteousness	Here “hold fast” is a metaphor that represents being determined to continue to say something. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you could express the same idea with “righteous.” Alternate translation: “I am determined to continue saying that I am righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	27	6	ccm5	figs-metaphor		0	will not let it go	Here “will not let it go” is a metaphor that represents not stopping saying something. Alternate translation: “will not stop saying that I am righteous” or “will not stop saying so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	27	6	ttu9	figs-metonymy		0	my thoughts will not reproach me	Here the phrase “my thoughts” represents Job. Alternate translation: “even in my thoughts, I will not reproach myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JOB	27	7	x6mp	figs-parallelism		0	Let my enemy be … let him who rises up against me be	The two clauses that start with these words share the same meaning. They are used together to emphasize Job’s strong desire that this should happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@@ -1505,7 +1505,7 @@ JOB	27	9	a8tx	figs-metonymy		0	Will God hear his cry	Here “hear his cry” rep
 JOB	27	10	kq3b	figs-rquestion		0	Will he delight himself in the Almighty and call upon God at all times?	Job uses this question to say that the godless man will not do these things. This question can be translated as a simple statement. Alternate translation: “He will not delight himself in the Almighty and call upon God at all times.” or “He will not be happy about what the Almighty does and he will not pray to God often.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	27	11	s3uq	figs-you		0	I will teach you	Each occurrence of “you” in these verses is plural and refers to Job’s three friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
 JOB	27	11	fyx9	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of God	God’s “hand” represents his power. Alternate translation: “the power of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JOB	27	11	re4m	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will not conceal the thoughts of the Almighty	The abstract noun “thoughts” can be expressed with the verb “think.” Alternate translation: I will not hide from you what the Almighty thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	27	11	re4m	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will not conceal the thoughts of the Almighty	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **thoughts**, you could express the same idea with the verb “think.” Alternate translation: I will not hide from you what the Almighty thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	27	12	pnx9	figs-rquestion		0	why then have you spoken all this nonsense?	Job uses this question to rebuke his friends for saying such foolish things. This question can be translated as a simple statement. Alternate translation: “you should not have spoken so foolishly!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	27	13	g6qh			0	This is the portion of a wicked man with God	Alternate translation: “This is what God has planned for the wicked man”
 JOB	27	13	djh6	figs-metaphor		0	the heritage of the oppressor that he receives from the Almighty	Here “the heritage of the oppressor” is a metaphor representing what will happen to the oppressor. What God will do to him is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that God will give him. Alternate translation: “what the Almighty will do to the oppressor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1593,14 +1593,14 @@ JOB	28	23	qlj3	figs-metaphor		0	God understands the way to it; he knows its plac
 JOB	28	24	q6zd			0	the very ends of the earth	Alternate translation: “the farthest places on the earth”
 JOB	28	25	l7lk	figs-metaphor		0	parceled out the waters by measure	This describes God deciding how much water should be in each place. Possible meanings are that this refers to deciding: (1) how much rain should be in each cloud or (2) how much water should be in each sea. Alternate translation: “decided how much water should be in each place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	28	26	qy1s			0	a path for the thunder	Alternate translation: “he decided how the thunder can be heard” or “he decided the path of the thunderstorm”
-JOB	28	28	l4bu	figs-abstractnouns		0	See, the fear of the Lord—that is wisdom	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fear” can be expressed with the verbs “fear” or “respect.” The abstract noun “wisdom**, you could express the same idea with another word such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “Listen, if you fear the Lord, you will be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-JOB	28	28	m7dq	figs-metaphor		0	to depart from evil is understanding	Here “depart from evil” means refusing to do evil things. The abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed with the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “if you refuse to do evil, then you will understand many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JOB	28	28	l4bu	figs-abstractnouns		0	See, the fear of the Lord—that is wisdom	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fear**, you could express the same idea with the verbs “fear” or “respect.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with another word such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “Listen, if you fear the Lord, you will be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	28	28	m7dq	figs-metaphor		0	to depart from evil is understanding	Here “depart from evil” means refusing to do evil things. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “if you refuse to do evil, then you will understand many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	29	intro	eli2			0		# Job 29 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s statement, but now it is directly addressed to Yahweh.<br><br>In this chapter, Job recalls the days before Yahweh’s blessings were taken from him. This is only one part of Job’s argument that continues for the next 3 chapters.
 JOB	29	2	h8k3	figs-exclamations		0	Oh, that I were as I was in the past months	Job uses this exclamation to express a wish. Alternate translation: “I wish that I were as I was in past months” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
 JOB	29	3	n6gg	figs-metaphor		0	when his lamp shined on my head	God’s lamp shining on Job represents God blessing Job. Alternate translation: “when God’s blessing was like a lamp shining its light on my head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	29	3	z42n	figs-metaphor		0	when I walked through darkness by his light	Walking through darkness represents experiencing difficult situations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	29	4	bk56	figs-metaphor		0	in the ripeness of my days	Job speaks of when he was young and strong as if his days were the time when the harvest is ripe. Alternate translation: “when I was young and strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JOB	29	4	d6y9	figs-abstractnouns		0	when the friendship of God was on my tent	The abstract noun “friendship” can be expressed with the noun “friend.” The word “tent” represents Job’s home. Alternate translation: “when God was my friend and protected my home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JOB	29	4	d6y9	figs-abstractnouns		0	when the friendship of God was on my tent	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **friendship**, you could express the same idea with the noun “friend.” The word “tent” represents Job’s home. Alternate translation: “when God was my friend and protected my home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JOB	29	6	xbc3	figs-hyperbole		0	when my way was covered with cream	“when my path was flowing with cream.” Job uses this exaggeration to express that he had many cows and they produced much more cream than he and his family needed. Alternate translation: “when my cows provided an abundance of cream” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 JOB	29	6	bt34	figs-hyperbole		0	and the rock poured out for me streams of oil	“and the rock poured out streams of oil for me.” Job uses this exaggeration to express that he had many olive vines and great amounts of olive oil. The rock is where his servants pressed the oil out of the olives. Alternate translation: “when my servants pressed out a great amount of olive oil” or “when oil flowed like streams from the pressing rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	29	7	tvt7			0	city square	This is an open area in a village or city where two or more streets meet.
@@ -1626,7 +1626,7 @@ JOB	29	17	rxh7	figs-metaphor		0	I broke the jaws of … I plucked the victim	Job
 JOB	29	18	mx7p	figs-metaphor		0	I will die in my nest	Here “nest” represents Job’s home and family. Job used to speak as if he were a bird that lived in a nest with his baby birds. Alternate translation: “I will die at home with my family” or “I will die in the safety of my home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	29	18	ree7	figs-hyperbole		0	I will multiply my days like the grains of sand	There are more grains of sand on the shore than anyone can count. To say that he would live more days than anyone could count is an exaggeration to express that he would live a very long time. Alternate translation: “I will live a very long time” or “I will live many years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 JOB	29	19	f52q	figs-metaphor		0	My roots … my branches	Job used to speak of his strength as if he were strong like a well-watered tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JOB	29	20	r1t1	figs-abstractnouns		0	The honor in me is always fresh	The abstract noun “honor” can be expressed with the verb “honor.” Here “fresh” represents the honor being constantly given. Alternate translation: “People constantly give me honor” or “People always honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	29	20	r1t1	figs-abstractnouns		0	The honor in me is always fresh	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **honor**, you could express the same idea with the verb “honor.” Here “fresh” represents the honor being constantly given. Alternate translation: “People constantly give me honor” or “People always honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	29	20	bz9x	figs-metaphor		0	the bow of my strength is always new in my hand	A new bow is very strong. Job’s bow of strength in his hand represents his physical strength. Alternate translation: “I am always strong like a new bow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	29	22	l3t7	figs-simile		0	my speech dropped like water on them	Here “dropped like water on them” represents refreshing the people who heard him. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **speech**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “speak” or “say.” Alternate translation: “my speech refreshed their hearts as drops of water refresh people’s bodies” or “what I said to them refreshed them like drops of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	29	23	g4bi	figs-simile		0	They always waited for me as they waited for rain	People waited for Job patiently and expected to hear good things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@@ -1646,7 +1646,7 @@ JOB	30	1	bw8l	figs-explicit		0	the dogs of my flock	The dogs’ relationship to
 JOB	30	2	dkd7	figs-rquestion		0	Indeed, the strength of their fathers’ hands, how could it have helped me … perished?	Job uses this question to mock the weakness of those men. Alternate translation: “The strength of their fathers’ hands could not have helped me … perished.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	30	2	n58x	figs-metaphor		0	men in whom the strength of their mature age had perished	Their strength perishing is a metaphor that represents no longer being strong but weak. The phrase “mature age” refers to them being old. Alternate translation: “men who had become old and had no strength” or “men who had become old and weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	30	3	b5gi			0	They were thin from poverty and hunger	The word “They” refers to the fathers of the young mockers.
-JOB	30	3	i6mn	figs-abstractnouns		0	They were thin from poverty and hunger	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with another word such as “poor.” The abstract noun “hunger” can be expressed with the words “hungry” or “starving.” Alternate translation: “They were very thin because they were poor and starving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	30	3	i6mn	figs-abstractnouns		0	They were thin from poverty and hunger	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with another word such as “poor.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hunger**, you could express the same idea with the words “hungry” or “starving.” Alternate translation: “They were very thin because they were poor and starving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	30	3	j6n1	figs-metonymy		0	they gnawed at the dry ground	This could mean: (1) “dry ground” is a metonym for the dry roots that grow in the ground. Alternate translation: “they chewed on the dry roots they found in the ground” or (2) “gnawed at the dried ground” is a metonym for eating whatever they could find in the dry ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JOB	30	4	dz4r			0	Connecting Statement:	Job continues to talk about the fathers of the mockers.
 JOB	30	4	lbt6			0	saltwort … bushes’ leaves … the roots of the broom tree	These are plants that people would eat only if they could find nothing better.
@@ -1662,7 +1662,7 @@ JOB	30	8	juk5	figs-metaphor		0	nameless people	Here being “nameless” represe
 JOB	30	8	wl4w	figs-metonymy		0	They were driven out of the land with whips	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) the idea of whips implies that they were being treated like criminals. Alternate translation: “People treated them like criminals and forced them to leave the land” or (2) people actually used whips to force them out. Alternate translation: “People whipped them and forced them to leave the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JOB	30	8	r31i			0	They were driven out of the land	Here “the land” refers to the land where they lived before they were forced to go out to the wilderness.
 JOB	30	9	krm8			0	Connecting Statement:	Job speaks again about the people who were mocking him.
-JOB	30	9	v6wt	figs-abstractnouns		0	But now I have become the subject of their taunting song	The abstract noun “song” can be expressed with the verb “sing.” Alternate translation: “But now they sing songs about me to taunt me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	30	9	v6wt	figs-abstractnouns		0	But now I have become the subject of their taunting song	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **song**, you could express the same idea with the verb “sing.” Alternate translation: “But now they sing songs about me to taunt me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	30	9	u5hm	figs-metonymy		0	I have become a byword for them	Here “byword” is a metonym for the person about whom people make cruel jokes. Alternate translation: “I am now one whom they make cruel jokes about” or “They joke and say cruel things about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JOB	30	10	sx1h	figs-litotes		0	they do not refrain from spitting in my face	This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “they even spit in my face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
 JOB	30	11	r95h	figs-metaphor		0	God has unstrung the string to my bow	A bow that is unstrung is not useful. The phrase “has unstrung the string of my bow” is a metaphor for making Job powerless. Alternate translation: “God has taken away my power to defend myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1755,12 +1755,12 @@ JOB	31	21	w7s9			0	in the city gate	This is where the important men of the city
 JOB	31	21	y72n			0	then bring charges against me	This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job’s statement in this long sentence.
 JOB	31	22	sqk5	figs-activepassive		0	then let my shoulder fall from the shoulder blade, and let my arm be broken from its joint	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then let someone tear off my shoulder from the shoulder blade and break my arm from its joint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JOB	31	23	ss4j			0	For I dreaded … his majesty	This is the reason that Job did not do any of the wicked things he spoke of in verses 7 through 21.
-JOB	31	24	r6lg	figs-abstractnouns		0	If I have made gold my hope	The abstract noun “hope” can be translated with the verbs “trust” or “hope.” Alternate translation: “If I trusted in gold” or “If I hoped that having a lot of gold would make me secure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	31	24	r6lg	figs-abstractnouns		0	If I have made gold my hope	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hope**, you could express the same idea with the verbs “trust” or “hope.” Alternate translation: “If I trusted in gold” or “If I hoped that having a lot of gold would make me secure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	31	24	s4sm	figs-parallelism		0	if I have said to fine gold, ‘You are what I am confident in’	This line means the same as the previous line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 JOB	31	25	bt3p	figs-metonymy		0	my hand had gotten many possessions	Here “my hand” represents Job’s ability to do things. Alternate translation: “I have gained many possessions by my own ability” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JOB	31	25	sk1t			0	then bring charges against me	This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job’s statement in this long sentence.
 JOB	31	26	g5il	figs-personification		0	the moon walking	Here “walking” represents moving slowly. Alternate translation: “the moon moving across the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-JOB	31	26	m93p	figs-abstractnouns		0	the moon walking in its brightness	The abstract noun “brightness” can be expressed with the words “bright” or “brightly.” Alternate translation: “the bright moon moving across the sky” or “the moon moving brightly across the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	31	26	m93p	figs-abstractnouns		0	the moon walking in its brightness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **brightness**, you could express the same idea with the words “bright” or “brightly.” Alternate translation: “the bright moon moving across the sky” or “the moon moving brightly across the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	31	27	qcf6	figs-synecdoche		0	if my heart has been secretly attracted	Here “my heart” represents Job. This phrase can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if I have been secretly attracted to them” or “if I have secretly desired to worship them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JOB	31	27	wm2t	translate-symaction		0	so that my mouth has kissed my hand	Here “my mouth” represents Job. This is a sign of love and devotion. Alternate translation: “so that I have kissed my hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
 JOB	31	28	pwl3	figs-activepassive		0	to be punished by judges	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for which judges would be right to punish me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -2080,7 +2080,7 @@ JOB	38	2	ln5m	figs-rquestion		0	Who is this who brings darkness to plans by mean
 JOB	38	2	u9fl			0	Who is this who brings	Alternate translation: “Who are you to bring”
 JOB	38	2	kw1v	figs-metaphor		0	brings darkness to plans	“obscures my plans” or “confuses my purposes.” How Job confuses God’s plans is spoken of as if he were making God’s plans harder to see. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **darkness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “darkens.” Alternate translation: “darkens plans” or “makes plans hard to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	38	2	lq69			0	by means of words without knowledge	Alternate translation: “by speaking of things about which you do not know”
-JOB	38	2	nng1	figs-abstractnouns		0	words without knowledge	The abstract noun “knowledge” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “unknowing words” or “ignorant words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	38	2	nng1	figs-abstractnouns		0	words without knowledge	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “unknowing words” or “ignorant words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	38	3	ur9i	figs-idiom		0	gird up your loins like a man	“tie your robe up around your waist like a man.” Men tied up their robes around their waists so that their legs could move more freely as they did heavy work. The idiom “gird up your loins like a man” means to get ready to do something involving action such as work, a contest, or a battle. Job was to prepare for the hard work of answering God. Alternate translation: “get yourself ready for hard work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 JOB	38	4	k38w	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Yahweh begins to challenge Job with a series of questions that emphasize he created the earth and Job did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	38	4	xgy2	figs-rquestion		0	Where were you when I laid the earth’s foundations? Tell me, if you have so much understanding	This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me where you were when I laid the foundations of the earth, if you have so much understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -2099,7 +2099,7 @@ JOB	38	7	g3kf	figs-rquestion		0	when the morning stars … the sons of God shout
 JOB	38	7	ql8y	figs-personification		0	when the morning stars sang together	The morning stars are spoken of as singing like people sing. Possible meanings are: (1) the “morning stars” are the same as the “sons of God” in the next line or (2) “the morning stars” refer to stars in the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 JOB	38	7	z79e			0	the morning stars	Alternate translation: “the bright stars that shine in the morning”
 JOB	38	7	j365			0	sons of God	This refers to angels, heavenly beings. See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md).
-JOB	38	7	x5id	figs-abstractnouns		0	shouted for joy	The abstract noun “joy” can be translated as the adverb “joyfully.” Alternate translation: “shouted joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	38	7	x5id	figs-abstractnouns		0	shouted for joy	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **joy**, you could express the same idea with the adverb “joyfully.” Alternate translation: “shouted joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	38	7	uc38			0	for joy	Alternate translation: “because they were full of joy”
 JOB	38	8	nk5s	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Yahweh uses another question to emphasize that he created the earth and Job did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	38	8	h82c			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
@@ -2109,7 +2109,7 @@ JOB	38	8	txy1	figs-simile		0	as if it had come out of the womb	Yahweh compares h
 JOB	38	9	un26	figs-rquestion		0		This is the end of the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who shut up” in verse 8. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	38	9	fhm1	figs-rquestion		0	when I made clouds … and thick darkness its swaddling bands?	This can be translated as a command. Alternate translation: “Tell me who shut up … when I made clouds … and thick darkness its swaddling bands.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	38	9	n9tt			0	its clothing	Alternate translation: “as clothes for the sea”
-JOB	38	9	zkz3	figs-abstractnouns		0	thick darkness its swaddling bands	The abstract noun “darkness” can be translated as the adjective “dark.” Alternate translation: “made dark clouds its swaddling bands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	38	9	zkz3	figs-abstractnouns		0	thick darkness its swaddling bands	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **darkness**, you could express the same idea with the adjective “dark.” Alternate translation: “made dark clouds its swaddling bands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	38	9	s1lf			0	swaddling bands	long pieces of cloth that people use to wrap a baby in after it is born
 JOB	38	10	iq3r			0	I marked out for the sea my boundary	Alternate translation: “I made a boundary for the sea”
 JOB	38	10	j829			0	boundary	Yahweh set a limit beyond which the sea was not allowed to cross.
@@ -2117,7 +2117,7 @@ JOB	38	10	hyj2	figs-metaphor		0	I placed its bars and doors	Yahweh compares the
 JOB	38	10	b38y			0	bars	long pieces of wood or metal that are used to keep a door shut
 JOB	38	11	hv5f	figs-personification		0	when I said to it	“when I said to the sea.” Yahweh speaks to the sea as though it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 JOB	38	11	ixn6	figs-explicit		0	You may come this far, but no farther	The words “this far” mean only as far as the boundary that Yahweh set up. Alternate translation: “You may come as far as this boundary, but no farther” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JOB	38	11	iy3q	figs-personification		0	to the pride of your waves	“to the power of your waves.” The waves are spoken of as if they could have pride. The abstract noun “pride” can be translated as the adjective “proud.” Alternate translation: “to your proud waves” or “to your powerful waves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	38	11	iy3q	figs-personification		0	to the pride of your waves	“to the power of your waves.” The waves are spoken of as if they could have pride. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **pride**, you could express the same idea with the adjective “proud.” Alternate translation: “to your proud waves” or “to your powerful waves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	38	12	c1ks	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he created the light of day and Job did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	38	12	b56i	figs-rquestion		0		Yahweh continues to challenge Job. He begins to ask a rhetorical question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	38	12	hi2g	figs-rquestion		0	Have you … to know its place	This question expects a negative answer. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have never … shaken the wicked out of it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -2204,7 +2204,7 @@ JOB	38	33	y4fp	figs-rquestion		0	Do you know the regulations of the sky? Could y
 JOB	38	34	i5q7	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Yahweh uses two questions to emphasize to Job that he rules the rain clouds and lightning and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	38	34	mq7j			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
 JOB	38	34	tca5	figs-rquestion		0	Can you raise … may cover you?	These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You cannot raise … may cover you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JOB	38	34	yh4f	figs-abstractnouns		0	an abundance of rainwater	The abstract noun “abundance” can be translated as the adjective “abundant.” Alternate translation: “an abundant amount of rainwater” or “a flood of waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	38	34	yh4f	figs-abstractnouns		0	an abundance of rainwater	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **abundance**, you could express the same idea with the adjective “abundant.” Alternate translation: “an abundant amount of rainwater” or “a flood of waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	38	35	na4p	figs-rquestion		0	Can you send out … you, ‘Here we are’?	These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You cannot send out you, ‘Here we are!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JOB	38	35	z4cb	figs-personification		0	Here we are	The lightning bolts are spoken of as servants saying they are ready to follow commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 JOB	38	36	a9d6	figs-rquestion		0	General Information:	Yahweh uses three questions to emphasize to Job that he rules the clouds and rain and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -2369,7 +2369,7 @@ JOB	40	9	zc8k	figs-simile		0	an arm like God’s	The arm is a metonym for the st
 JOB	40	9	h8v3	figs-rquestion		0	Can you thunder with a voice like him?	This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You certainly cannot cause thunder with your voice the way God does with his.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JOB	40	9	bf69			0	a voice like him	Alternate translation: “a voice the way he does” or “a voice like his voice”
 JOB	40	10	tc7m	figs-metaphor		0	clothe yourself in glory and dignity; array yourself in honor and majesty	The abstract nouns “glory,” “dignity,” “honor,” and “majesty” are spoken of as if they were clothing that a person could put on. They can be translated as adjectives and verbs. Alternate translation: “make yourself glorious; do something great so people will respect you and honor you; make people think you are a great king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-JOB	40	11	ec11	figs-metaphor		0	Scatter around the excess of your anger	The abstract noun “anger” is spoken of as if it were something that usually could be held in a container, but in this situation there is so much of it that what does not fit needs to be spread around. It is also a metonym for the actions a person takes when he is angry. You may need to make explicit why the person is angry. Alternate translation: “Be angry because people are proud, and punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JOB	40	11	ec11	figs-metaphor		0	Scatter around the excess of your anger	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anger**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Here, **anger** is spoken of as if it were something that usually could be held in a container, but in this situation there is so much of it that what does not fit needs to be spread around. It is also a metonym for the actions a person takes when he is angry. You may need to make explicit why the person is angry. Alternate translation: “Be angry because people are proud, and punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JOB	40	11	vj9f			0	bring him down	Alternate translation: “take away everything he is proud of”
 JOB	40	13	se3t	figs-synecdoche		0	their faces	The “face” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 JOB	40	13	y16q	figs-euphemism		0	the hidden place	a euphemism for the place where people’s spirits go when they die (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
@@ -2479,7 +2479,7 @@ JOB	42	7	bj1v			0	It came about that	This phrase is used here to mark an importa
 JOB	42	7	izh1			0	Eliphaz the Temanite	See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md)
 JOB	42	7	snw3	figs-metaphor		0	My wrath is kindled against you	Fire is a metaphor for anger, and starting a fire is a metaphor for becoming angry. Alternate translation: “I have become very angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JOB	42	8	fh9u	translate-numbers		0	seven bulls	“7 bulls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
-JOB	42	8	vy3t	figs-abstractnouns		0	so that I may not deal with you after your folly	The abstract noun “folly” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “even though you have been very foolish, I will not punish you as you deserve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JOB	42	8	vy3t	figs-abstractnouns		0	so that I may not deal with you after your folly	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **folly**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “even though you have been very foolish, I will not punish you as you deserve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JOB	42	9	h2t8			0	Bildad the Shuhite	See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md)
 JOB	42	9	tm97			0	Zophar the Naamathite	See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md)
 JOB	42	9	l5p5	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh accepted Job	The person is a metonym for the prayer he prays. Alternate translation: “God accepted Job’s prayer for his three friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

en_tn_19-PSA.tsv

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ PSA	3	7	zax2	figs-metonymy		0	Rise up	David speaks of starting to do something a
 PSA	3	7	az5m	figs-parallelism		0	hit all my enemies … break the teeth of the wicked	These phrases say very similar things. The phrases “my enemies” and “the wicked” refer to the same group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	3	7	r6xe	translate-symaction		0	For you will hit all my enemies on the jaw	This was a way of insulting people. David speaks as if Yahweh would come and physically hit his enemies. Alternate translation: “For you will insult all my enemies like someone hitting them on the jaw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	3	7	k36i	figs-metaphor		0	you will break the teeth of the wicked	Animals attack with their teeth. Breaking their teeth takes away their power to attack. David speaks as if Yahweh would come and physically fight against the wicked. Alternate translation: “you will make the wicked unable to harm me like someone breaking the teeth of a ferocious animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA	3	8	x9bn	figs-abstractnouns		0	Salvation comes from Yahweh	The abstract noun “salvation” can be expressed with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh saves his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	3	8	x9bn	figs-abstractnouns		0	Salvation comes from Yahweh	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh saves his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	4	intro	b2qk			0		# Psalm 04 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 4 is a psalm of deliverance. It is an evening song, intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during evening worship. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Trust<br>God protects all those who truly trust in him for protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
 PSA	4	1	zjj1	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	4	1	q28k			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ PSA	5	3	i42x	figs-parallelism		0	in the morning you hear my cry … in the morni
 PSA	5	3	q5qw			0	I will bring my petition to you	Alternate translation: “I will make my request” or “I will ask you for what I need”
 PSA	5	3	rk6n			0	wait expectantly	Alternate translation: “wait, expecting you to do what I ask you to do”
 PSA	5	6	qjt8	figs-123person		0	Yahweh despises violent and deceitful men	Since David is speaking to God in this psalm, this sentence can be stated with the word “you.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you despise violent and deceitful men” or “Yahweh, you hate men who do violent acts and deceive others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
-PSA	5	7	xxs4	figs-abstractnouns		0	because of your great covenant faithfulness	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	5	7	xxs4	figs-abstractnouns		0	because of your great covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	5	7	wus9			0	your house	This refers to God’s temple. Alternate translation: “your temple”
 PSA	5	8	nj5y	figs-metaphor		0	lead me in your righteousness	David speaks of righteousness as if it were a path and of teaching as leading. The phrase “your righteousness” means that God is righteous Alternate translation: “teach me to do what is righteous as you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	5	8	f99i	figs-metaphor		0	make your path straight before me	David speaks of righteousness as if it were a path. A straight path is easy to see or walk on. Alternate translation: “show me clearly how to live in the right way” or “make it easy for me to do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -134,9 +134,9 @@ PSA	6	2	at9c	figs-synecdoche		0	my bones are shaking	The bones represent the who
 PSA	6	3	sd1q			0	very troubled	Alternate translation: “terrified” or “worried”
 PSA	6	3	vw88	figs-rquestion		0	how long will this continue?	David uses this question to show that he does not want to continue feeling weak and troubled. Alternate translation: please, do not let this continue!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 PSA	6	4	rce3	figs-metaphor		0	Return, Yahweh	David speaks of God being kind to him as God returning to him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, come back to me” or “Have mercy on me, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA	6	4	fuw3	figs-abstractnouns		0	Save me because of your covenant faithfulness	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Save me because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	6	4	fuw3	figs-abstractnouns		0	Save me because of your covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Save me because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	6	5	qb7p	figs-parallelism		0	For in death there is no remembrance of you. In Sheol who will give you thanks?	These two sentences express similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
-PSA	6	5	pn4j	figs-metonymy		0	For in death there is no remembrance of you	The abstract noun “remembrance” represents praise. Alternate translation: “For when people die, they no longer praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	6	5	pn4j	figs-metonymy		0	For in death there is no remembrance of you	Here, **remembrance** represents praise. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **remembrance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “For when people die, they no longer praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	6	5	mb1j	figs-rquestion		0	In Sheol who will give you thanks?	David uses this question to emphasize that no one in Sheol thanks God. Alternate translation: “No one in Sheol will give you thanks!” or “The dead cannot praise you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 PSA	6	6	ge93	figs-metonymy		0	I am weary with my groaning	His groaning represents the pain or distress that he feels. Alternate translation: “I am very tired because of my pain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	6	6	bay4	figs-parallelism		0	I drench my bed with tears; I wash my couch away with my tears	These two sentences express the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ PSA	9	5	bs94			0	blotted out	Alternate translation: “erased”
 PSA	9	6	dj3h	figs-simile		0	The enemy crumbled like ruins	The enemy is spoken of as if it were a city full of broken down buildings. Alternate translation: “Our enemies were destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 PSA	9	6	b9n1			0	when you overthrew their cities	Alternate translation: “when you destroyed their cities”
 PSA	9	6	pi7j	figs-metaphor		0	All remembrance of them has perished	Here “remembrance” is spoken of as if it were a living being that could die. Alternate translation: “All remembrance of them has stopped” or “There is no longer any remembrance of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA	9	6	c6yp	figs-abstractnouns		0	All remembrance of them has perished	The abstract noun “remembrance” can be expressed with the verb “remember.” Alternate translation: “No one remembers them at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	9	6	c6yp	figs-abstractnouns		0	All remembrance of them has perished	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **remembrance**, you could express the same idea with the verb “remember.” Alternate translation: “No one remembers them at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	9	7	x7xg	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh remains forever	“Remain” probably represents sitting on the throne as king. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sits on his throne forever” or “Yahweh rules forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	9	7	h8nu	figs-metonymy		0	he has established his throne for justice	The phrase “his throne” represents God’s rule. This could mean: (1) “He rules in order to judge people” or (2) “He rules over people justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	9	8	pgg5	figs-parallelism		0	He will judge the world with righteousness … he will execute judgment for the nations with fairness	These two clauses express the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ PSA	13	3	x789	figs-idiom		0	Give light to my eyes	This is a way of asking for st
 PSA	13	3	t9hl	figs-euphemism		0	or I will sleep in death	To “sleep in death” means to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
 PSA	13	4	ucm3			0	Do not let my enemy say … so that my enemy may not say	Alternate translation: “Do not let my enemy say about me … so that my enemy may not say about me”
 PSA	13	4	x5p1			0	when I am brought down	Alternate translation: “when I fall” or “when they defeat me”
-PSA	13	5	l1in	figs-abstractnouns		0	I have trusted in your covenant faithfulness	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “I have trusted that you are faithful to your covenant” or “I have trusted you because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	13	5	l1in	figs-abstractnouns		0	I have trusted in your covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I have trusted that you are faithful to your covenant” or “I have trusted you because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	13	5	s3s4	figs-synecdoche		0	my heart rejoices in your salvation	Here “my heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will rejoice because you have rescued me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 PSA	14	intro	a269			0		# Psalm 014 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 14 is a deliverance psalm because he is trusting God to deliver the poor. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Evil people<br>Wicked people do not even consider God when they make their plans. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
 PSA	14	1	ghg8	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ PSA	17	4	u1m8	figs-metonymy		0	it is at the word of your lips that I have kept m
 PSA	17	5	nw8l	figs-parallelism		0	My steps have held firmly to your tracks; my feet have not slipped	Both of these clauses mean the same thing. The repetition adds emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	17	5	ve61	figs-metaphor		0	my feet have not slipped	The writer speaks of his obedience to God as if he were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “I am determined to follow your ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
 PSA	17	6	fh7p	figs-parallelism		0	turn your ear to me … listen when I speak	These phrases mean the same thing. Here “your ear” refers to God’s willingness to hear someone who prays to him. Alternate translation: “pay attention to me … listen when I speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA	17	7	m4v2	figs-abstractnouns		0	Show your covenant faithfulness in a wonderful way	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Show in a wonderful way that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	17	7	m4v2	figs-abstractnouns		0	Show your covenant faithfulness in a wonderful way	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Show in a wonderful way that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	17	7	g2x5	figs-metonymy		0	your right hand	The “right hand” refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “your mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	17	7	ll6h	figs-metaphor		0	take refuge in you	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	17	8	ar64	figs-simile		0	Protect me like the apple of your eye	The “apple of your eye” refers to something that is valuable. Alternate translation: “Protect me as you would something most valuable and precious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ PSA	18	15	a125	figs-personification		0	at the blast of the breath of your nostri
 PSA	18	16	m4pi			0	He reached down … he took hold … He pulled me	The word “He” in these verses refers to Yahweh.
 PSA	18	16	kef1	figs-metaphor		0	surging water	Here the Psalmist speaks of the dangers of his enemies as if they were huge waves or forceful waters, from which Yahweh has rescued him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	18	18	eej1			0	They came against me	Here “They” refers to the strong enemies in verse 17.
-PSA	18	18	s1sk	figs-abstractnouns		0	They came against me on the day of my distress but Yahweh was my support	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **distress” can be stated as an adjective. The abstract noun “support**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “protected.” Alternate translation: “Strong enemies attacked me on a day when I was distressed, but Yahweh protected me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	18	18	s1sk	figs-abstractnouns		0	They came against me on the day of my distress but Yahweh was my support	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **distress**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **support**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “protected.” Alternate translation: “Strong enemies attacked me on a day when I was distressed, but Yahweh protected me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	18	20	a3vx	figs-metonymy		0	my hands were clean	Here having clean hands represents being innocent of wrongdoing. Alternate translation: “I was innocent” or “my actions were right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	18	21	y3m6	figs-metaphor		0	I have kept the ways of Yahweh	The laws of Yahweh are spoken of as if they were the paths on which one should walk. Alternate translation: “I have obeyed Yahweh’s laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	18	21	tu8a	figs-metaphor		0	have not wickedly turned away from my God	Here being wicked is spoken of as if one left the right path and took the wrong path. Alternate translation: “have not done wickedly by turning away from my God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ PSA	18	33	w92y	figs-synecdoche		0	makes my feet swift	This refers to enabling a
 PSA	18	33	g696	figs-simile		0	like a deer and places me on the heights	The deer is especially quick and stable in the mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 PSA	18	34	q1v4	figs-synecdoche		0	He trains my hands	Here “my hands” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “He trains me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 PSA	18	34	tq4k	figs-synecdoche		0	my arms	This refers to the person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-PSA	18	35	juz2	figs-metaphor		0	the shield of your salvation	Here the writer speaks of God’s protection as if it were a shield. The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “your protection and saved me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	18	35	juz2	figs-metaphor		0	the shield of your salvation	Here the writer speaks of God’s protection as if it were a shield. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “your protection and saved me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	18	35	x6rm	figs-metonymy		0	Your right hand has supported me	Here God’s right hand represents his power. Alternate translation: “Your power has supported me” or “You have supported me by your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	18	35	yr5f	figs-metonymy		0	your favor has made me great	Here God’s favor represents him acting according to his favor. Alternate translation: “You have made me great according to your favor” or “By your kindness, you have made me great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	18	36	ui92	figs-metaphor		0	a wide place for my feet beneath me	The writer speaks of the safety that God has provided as if it were a wide place for him to stand. Here “my feet” represent the person. Alternate translation: “a safe place for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ PSA	21	5	k3gt	figs-metaphor		0	you have bestowed on him splendor and majesty	“
 PSA	21	6	w2zk			0	you grant him	Alternate translation: “you allow him to have” or “you agree to give him”
 PSA	21	6	rf4f			0	lasting blessings	Alternate translation: “a blessings that will last” or “a blessings that will stay”
 PSA	21	6	v3m2			0	the joy of your presence	Alternate translation: “the joy of being in your presence” or “the joy that comes from you being near to you”
-PSA	21	7	mbf3	figs-abstractnouns		0	through the covenant faithfulness of the Most High	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “because the Most High is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	21	7	mbf3	figs-abstractnouns		0	through the covenant faithfulness of the Most High	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because the Most High is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	21	7	j1gh	figs-activepassive		0	he will not be moved	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will remove him as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PSA	21	8	w7ck	figs-metonymy		0	Your hand will seize	Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “Your power will seize” or “You will powerfully seize” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	21	8	irz4			0	Your hand … hate you	Possible meaning of all occurrences of **your** and **you** are: (1) they refer to the king or (2) they refer to God.
@@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ PSA	22	29	wbb7			0	those who cannot preserve their own lives	Alternate translati
 PSA	22	30	tak2	figs-metonymy		0	A generation to come	Here “A generation” represents the people of a generation. The phrase “to come” speaks about a future time as if it were something that travels and arrives somewhere. Alternate translation: “People in the future generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	22	30	l73k	figs-metonymy		0	the next generation	Here “generation” represents the people of that generation. Alternate translation: “the people of the next generation” or “their children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	22	30	j95t			0	of the Lord	Alternate translation: “about the Lord” or “about what the Lord has done”
-PSA	22	31	lt28	figs-abstractnouns		0	tell of his righteousness	The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “tell of the righteous things he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	22	31	lt28	figs-abstractnouns		0	tell of his righteousness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “tell of the righteous things he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	23	intro	r1f6			0		# Psalm 023 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 23 is a psalm of praise to God for his continued care and protection. The psalmist praises God for always being with him and for caring for him.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Psalm 23 is an extended metaphor speaking of God as if he were a shepherd, and of the psalmist as if he were a sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	23	1	h1x8	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	In much of this psalm, David writes as if he were a sheep and the Lord were his shepherd. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])
 PSA	23	1	t39n	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh is my shepherd	The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. This emphasizes how God cares for people as a shepherd cares for his sheep. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is like a shepherd to me” or “Yahweh cares for me as a shepherd cares for his sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ PSA	23	6	u2bl			0	the house of Yahweh	This could mean: (1) this refers to Yahweh
 PSA	23	6	u53m	figs-idiom		0	for the length of my days	This idiom refers to the duration of his life. Alternate translation: “as long as I live” or “forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PSA	24	intro	cw5j			0		# Psalm 024 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 24 is a psalm of praise to God as the almighty God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/almighty]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Righteous people<br>Only the righteous come to worship God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>The psalmists uses several rhetorical questions. Each question forms a unit with a response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 PSA	24	1	nne9	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
-PSA	24	1	hma5	figs-abstractnouns		0	its fullness	The abstract noun “fullness” can be stated with the verb “fills.” Alternate translation: “everything that fills it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	24	1	hma5	figs-abstractnouns		0	its fullness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fullness**, you could express the same idea with the verb “fills.” Alternate translation: “everything that fills it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	24	2	v6lt	figs-parallelism		0	For he has founded it upon the seas and established it on the rivers	Here “founded it upon the seas” and “established it on the rivers” mean basically the same thing. The Hebrews of that time believed their land was supported by the oceans and deep underground rivers. Alternate translation: For he formed its foundation on the seas and built it on the deep waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PSA	24	2	d2bq			0	the seas … the rivers	These phrases are used together to refer to the huge deep ocean below the earth.
 PSA	24	2	h6kl			0	on the rivers	Alternate translation: “the water that is deep below”
@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ PSA	26	1	am7u	figs-123person		0	in Yahweh	The third person use of “Yahweh” c
 PSA	26	1	a4v9	figs-metaphor		0	without wavering	Doubting is spoken of as if it were losing balance and waving back and forth. Alternate translation: “without doubting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	26	2	zxg5			0	Examine me	Alternate translation: “Try me”
 PSA	26	2	iqe7	figs-doublet		0	test the purity of my inner parts and my heart	Here “inner parts” and “heart” mean motives. Alternate translation: “test whether my motives are good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-PSA	26	3	qc7g	figs-metaphor		0	For your covenant faithfulness is before my eyes	Here “eyes” represent a person’s thoughts and having something before one’s eyes represents being aware of that thing. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “For I am always aware of your covenant faithfulness” or “For I am always aware that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	26	3	qc7g	figs-metaphor		0	For your covenant faithfulness is before my eyes	Here “eyes” represent a person’s thoughts and having something before one’s eyes represents being aware of that thing. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “For I am always aware of your covenant faithfulness” or “For I am always aware that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	26	3	am2g	figs-metaphor		0	I walk about in your faithfulness	The word “walk” is a metaphor for behavior. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I conduct my life according to your faithfulness” or “I behave the way I do because you are faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	26	4	b17j			0	I do not associate with	Alternate translation: “I do not keep company with” or “I do not sit with”
 PSA	26	4	j2s7			0	with deceitful people	Alternate translation: “with those who deceive others”
@@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ PSA	27	12	gs3s	figs-abstractnouns		0	Do not give me up to the desires of my enem
 PSA	27	12	s7ry	figs-idiom		0	have risen up against me	“Risen up” here is an idiom meaning that a witness stood in court to present testimony. Alternate translation: “have stood up in order to speak against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PSA	27	12	ez4n	figs-metaphor		0	they breathe out violence	Here violence is spoken for as if it was something a person could breathe out. Alternate translation: “they say that they will do violent things to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	27	13	ts3j	figs-rquestion		0	What would have happened to me	This rhetorical question can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Something bad would have happened to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-PSA	27	13	c72l	figs-abstractnouns		0	the goodness of Yahweh	The abstract noun “goodness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the good things that Yahweh does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	27	13	c72l	figs-abstractnouns		0	the goodness of Yahweh	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **goodness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “the good things that Yahweh does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	27	13	wld8	figs-idiom		0	in the land of the living	This refers to being alive. Alternate translation: “while I am alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PSA	27	14	g4pq			0	Wait for Yahweh … Wait for Yahweh!	This verse may be: (1) the writer speaking to himself or (2) the writer speaking to others or (3) someone speaking to the writer.
 PSA	27	14	m8gs	figs-synecdoche		0	let your heart be courageous	Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “be courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ PSA	29	intro	b4tt			0		# Psalm 029 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psal
 PSA	29	1	kq7e	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	29	1	bc7z	figs-idiom		0	you sons of God	The phrase “sons of” is a way of saying “having the characteristics of.” Alternate translation: “you mighty men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PSA	29	1	i354	figs-abstractnouns		0	ascribe to Yahweh glory and strength	The abstract nouns “glory” and “strength” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “praise Yahweh because he is glorious and strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA	29	2	yv1p	figs-abstractnouns		0	Ascribe to Yahweh the glory his name deserves	The abstract noun “glory” can be stated as a verb or adjective. Alternate translation: “Honor Yahweh just as his name deserves” or “Proclaim that Yahweh is glorious just as his name deserves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	29	2	yv1p	figs-abstractnouns		0	Ascribe to Yahweh the glory his name deserves	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **glory**, you could express the same idea with a verb or adjective. Alternate translation: “Honor Yahweh just as his name deserves” or “Proclaim that Yahweh is glorious just as his name deserves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	29	2	rcj6	figs-metonymy		0	his name deserves	The phrase “his name” refers to Yahweh or his reputation. Alternate translation: “as is proper because of who he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	29	2	e4f6	figs-explicit		0	Bow down to Yahweh	The implied information is that the people were to bow down in worship. Alternate translation: “Bow down to worship Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
 PSA	29	2	da1b	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the splendor of holiness	The abstract nouns “splendor” and “holiness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “because he is gloriously beautiful and holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -945,7 +945,7 @@ PSA	30	5	zm7v	figs-abstractnouns		0	but his favor is for a lifetime	If your lang
 PSA	30	5	vw11	figs-metaphor		0	Weeping comes for a night, but joy comes in the morning	This speaks about “weeping” and “joy” as if they were something that travels and arrives at a certain time. Alternate translation: “We may cry during the night, but the next morning we will be joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	30	6	v3a5	figs-abstractnouns		0	In confidence	The word “confidence” is an abstract noun. The writer recalls a time when he was prospering and felt confident and safe. Alternate translation: “When I was confident” or “When I felt safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	30	6	p1kl	figs-metaphor		0	I will never be shaken	The word “shaken” is a metaphor for defeat. Alternate translation: “No one will defeat me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA	30	7	d155	figs-abstractnouns		0	by your favor	The abstract noun “favor” can be stated as the verb “favored” or the adjective “kind.” Alternate translation: “when you favored me” or “when you were kind to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	30	7	d155	figs-abstractnouns		0	by your favor	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **favor**, you could express the same idea with the verb “favored” or the adjective “kind.” Alternate translation: “when you favored me” or “when you were kind to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	30	7	m53d	figs-metaphor		0	you established me as a strong mountain	The writer’s security is spoken of as if he were a strong mountain. Alternate translation: “you made me as secure as a high mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	30	7	q4uk	figs-idiom		0	when you hid your face	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “when you stopped helping me” or “when you rejected me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PSA	30	7	y2rt			0	I was troubled	Alternate translation: “I was fearful” or “I was worried”
@@ -976,7 +976,7 @@ PSA	31	5	e3hz	figs-personification		0	Into your hands	God is spirit, but he is h
 PSA	31	5	ez3i	figs-synecdoche		0	I entrust my spirit	Here “my spirit” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “I place myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 PSA	31	5	m7ux			0	God of trustworthiness	Alternate translation: “you are a God I can trust”
 PSA	31	6	d1f4	figs-distinguish		0	I hate those who serve worthless idols	Here the word “worthless” refers to all idols. This can be clarified in translation. Alternate translation: “Idols are worthless. I hate those who serve them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
-PSA	31	7	z4ew	figs-doublet		0	I will be glad and rejoice in your covenant faithfulness	The words “glad” and “rejoice” share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of joy. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “I will be very glad because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	31	7	z4ew	figs-doublet		0	I will be glad and rejoice in your covenant faithfulness	The words “glad” and “rejoice” share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of joy. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I will be very glad because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	31	7	x1wl	figs-parallelism		0	you saw my affliction … you knew the distress of my soul	Both of these phrases express the idea that God knows about the writer’s troubles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	31	7	ji14	figs-synecdoche		0	the distress of my soul	Here “my soul” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “my distress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 PSA	31	8	x76g	figs-synecdoche		0	You have set my feet	Here “my feet” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “You have set me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -998,7 +998,7 @@ PSA	31	13	d84i	figs-idiom		0	take away my life	This idiom means to kill someone.
 PSA	31	15	pr1h	figs-metonymy		0	My times are in your hand	Here “your hand” refers to Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “You have the power to decide my future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	31	15	c577			0	from those who pursue me	Alternate translation: “from people who try to capture me”
 PSA	31	16	x22n	figs-metaphor		0	Make your face shine on your servant	The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards him as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on him. Alternate translation: “Act favorably towards your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA	31	16	hjf7	figs-abstractnouns		0	save me in your covenant faithfulness	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “save me because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	31	16	hjf7	figs-abstractnouns		0	save me in your covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “save me because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	31	17	fg5c	figs-activepassive		0	Do not let me be humiliated	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not let others make me feel ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PSA	31	17	vud9			0	May the wicked be humiliated!	Alternate translation: “I wish that God would disgrace wicked people!”
 PSA	31	17	mw8m	figs-nominaladj		0	the wicked	This refers to “wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ PSA	31	20	q6pa	figs-parallelism		0	In the shelter of your presence, you hide the
 PSA	31	20	v252	figs-metaphor		0	In the shelter	Yahweh’s presence is spoken of as if it is a strong building where the writer would be safe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	31	20	dx2q	figs-metonymy		0	You hide them in a shelter	Here a “shelter” represents a safe place. Alternate translation: “You provide a safe place for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	31	20	jre5	figs-metonymy		0	from the violence of tongues	Here “tongues” refer to the people who are speaking violent things against the writer. Alternate translation: “where their enemies cannot speak evil at them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA	31	21	jkp6	figs-abstractnouns		0	he showed me his marvelous covenant faithfulness	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “he showed me that he is wonderfully faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	31	21	jkp6	figs-abstractnouns		0	he showed me his marvelous covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he showed me that he is wonderfully faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	31	22	uq2j	figs-activepassive		0	I am cut off from your eyes	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You have removed me from your presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PSA	31	22	aku2	figs-synecdoche		0	your eyes	Here Yahweh is represented by his “eyes.” Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 PSA	31	22	pa4l	figs-abstractnouns		0	you heard my plea for help	Here “plea” can be expressed with a verb. Alternate translation: “you heard me plead for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@ PSA	32	8	lj3f	figs-metonymy		0	with my eye upon you	Here “my eye” refers to
 PSA	32	9	ry6h	figs-simile		0	Do not be like a horse … no understanding	The writer compares people with no understanding to horses and mules. This could mean: (1) the writer is speaking Yahweh’s words to his readers, “You all must not be like a horse … no understanding” or (2) Yahweh is speaking to the writer as though to a group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 PSA	32	9	g1b3			0	bridle and bit	Two tools that are used by people to guide horses and mules go where the rider wants them to go.
 PSA	32	9	cv6w			0	where you want them to	“where anyone wants them to go.” The “you” here is singular and refers to no one in particular.
-PSA	32	10	ann9	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness will surround the one who trusts in him	Yahweh being faithful to a person and protecting that person is spoken of as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness surrounded the person. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant, he will protect the one who trusts in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	32	10	ann9	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness will surround the one who trusts in him	Yahweh being faithful to a person and protecting that person is spoken of as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness surrounded the person. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant, he will protect the one who trusts in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	32	11	zxp2	figs-idiom		0	Be glad in Yahweh	Here “in Yahweh” refers to what Yahweh has done for them. “Be glad because of what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PSA	32	11	n71r	figs-nominaladj		0	you righteous	This refers to people. Alternate translation: “you righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 PSA	32	11	gs62			0	shout for joy	Alternate translation: “shout joyfully” or “shout because of joy”
@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ PSA	33	1	jn1l			0	praise is appropriate for the upright	Alternate translation:
 PSA	33	4	mcg5	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Each verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	33	4	t8rm	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh’s word is upright	Here “upright” is used as a metaphor for something that is true. Alternate translation: “Yahweh always does what he says that he will do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	33	5	n6zg	figs-abstractnouns		0	He loves righteousness and justice	These abstract nouns can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “He loves doing what is right and just” or “He loves those who do what is right and just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA	33	5	e631	figs-metaphor		0	The earth is full of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness	People everywhere in the world being able to see evidence of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if his covenant faithfulness filled the earth. The abstract noun “covenant faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “People everywhere on earth can see that Yahweh is faithful to his covenant” or “Throughout the earth, there is evidence that Yahweh is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	33	5	e631	figs-metaphor		0	The earth is full of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness	People everywhere in the world being able to see evidence of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if his covenant faithfulness filled the earth. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **covenant faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “People everywhere on earth can see that Yahweh is faithful to his covenant” or “Throughout the earth, there is evidence that Yahweh is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	33	6	qhw8	figs-activepassive		0	By the word of Yahweh the heavens were made	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “By using his word, Yahweh made the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PSA	33	6	bb33	figs-metonymy		0	by the breath of his mouth	This refers to Yahweh’s word. Alternate translation: “by his word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	33	7	xt7h	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Each verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@@ -1083,13 +1083,13 @@ PSA	33	16	w54n	figs-activepassive		0	No king is saved by a vast army	This could
 PSA	33	17	hgn8	figs-synecdoche		0	A horse is a false hope for victory	Here “a horse” represents the strongest part of the army. Alternate translation: “Having an army with strong horses does not provide security” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 PSA	33	18	v87c			0	See	This word shows that a new theme begins in this Psalm. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
 PSA	33	18	fy9c	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh’s eye	Here “eye” refers to Yahweh’s attention. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA	33	18	y8yf	figs-idiom		0	those who hope in his covenant faithfulness	The idiom to “count on” means to “wait for” or to “expect.” The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adverb. Alternate translation: “those who expect him to act faithfully because of his covenant” or “those who wait for him to act because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	33	18	y8yf	figs-idiom		0	those who hope in his covenant faithfulness	The idiom to “count on” means to “wait for” or to “expect.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adverb. Alternate translation: “those who expect him to act faithfully because of his covenant” or “those who wait for him to act because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	33	19	z5yv	figs-synecdoche		0	to deliver their lives from death	Here “their lives” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “to keep them from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 PSA	33	20	j64c	figs-idiom		0	We wait for Yahweh	Here “wait” is an idiom that refers to trust. Alternate translation: “We trust in Yahweh” or “We hope in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PSA	33	20	l55j	figs-metaphor		0	he is our help and our shield	Here Yahweh is spoken of as if he is a shield that protects soldiers in battle. Alternate translation: “he is our helper and protects us like a shield” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	33	21	ujv3	figs-synecdoche		0	Our hearts rejoice	Here “hearts” refer to the people. Alternate translation: “We rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 PSA	33	21	eu9i	figs-metonymy		0	in his holy name	Here “holy name” refers to Yahweh’s holy character. Alternate translation: “in his holy character” or “in him because he is holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA	33	22	nn9g	figs-metaphor		0	Let your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, be with us	Yahweh acting faithfully towards the people is spoken of as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness were with them. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adverb. Alternate translation: “May you always act faithfully towards us because of your covenant, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	33	22	nn9g	figs-metaphor		0	Let your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, be with us	Yahweh acting faithfully towards the people is spoken of as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness were with them. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adverb. Alternate translation: “May you always act faithfully towards us because of your covenant, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	33	22	jye8			0	as we put our hope in you	Alternate translation: “as we hope for your help”
 PSA	34	intro	az5s			0		# Psalm 034 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 34 is a teaching psalm and includes thanksgiving. It teaches that living right leads to a good life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])<br><br>The psalm does not relate directly to the superscription given about Abimelech.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s help<br>Good people can have problems, but God brings them through these. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])
 PSA	34	1	p9iv	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@@ -1190,7 +1190,7 @@ PSA	35	19	a7lv			0	their wicked schemes	Alternate translation: “their evil pla
 PSA	35	20	pjw3	figs-abstractnouns		0	they do not speak peace	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **peace**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “peacefully.” Alternate translation: “they do not speak peacefully to people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	35	20	sg2n			0	devise deceitful words	Alternate translation: “look for ways to tell lies”
 PSA	35	20	e21a			0	those in our land who live in peace	Alternate translation: “those who live peacefully in our land”
-PSA	35	20	p638	figs-abstractnouns		0	live in peace	The abstract noun “peace” can be stated in other forms. Alternate translation: “live peacefully with others” or “do no harm to anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	35	20	p638	figs-abstractnouns		0	live in peace	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **peace**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “live peacefully with others” or “do no harm to anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	35	21	vvg2	figs-explicit		0	They open their mouths wide against me	The reason they open their mouths is to accuse the writer. Alternate translation: “They shout at me in order to accuse me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PSA	35	21	b5wt	figs-exclamations		0	Aha, Aha	This is something an excited person says when he has suddenly seen or understood something, especially something other people did not expect him to see. It emphasizes the statement that follows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
 PSA	35	21	s32p	figs-synecdoche		0	our eyes have seen it	Here “our eyes” refers to the enemies’ eyes. It is implied that they are saying they saw the writer do something wrong. Alternate translation: “we have seen it” or “we saw the wrong things that you did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -1230,16 +1230,16 @@ PSA	36	3	v6yt			0	His words are	Alternate translation: “What he says is”
 PSA	36	3	pir7			0	do good	Alternate translation: “do things that are good”
 PSA	36	4	d3zz	figs-metaphor		0	he sets out on an evil way	The sinful actions of the man are spoken of as if he was walking along a path that was evil. Alternate translation: “he begins to do evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	36	4	w34n	figs-abstractnouns		0	he does not reject evil	Here “evil” can be stated in another form. Alternate translation: “he does not reject evil behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA	36	5	wiw8	figs-metaphor		0	Your covenant faithfulness … reaches to the heavens	The greatness of God’s covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if it were an object that reached as high as the heavens. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Your covenant faithfulness … is very great” or “You … are as faithful to your covenant as the heavens are high above the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	36	5	wiw8	figs-metaphor		0	Your covenant faithfulness … reaches to the heavens	The greatness of God’s covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if it were an object that reached as high as the heavens. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Your covenant faithfulness … is very great” or “You … are as faithful to your covenant as the heavens are high above the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	36	5	m314	figs-metaphor		0	reaches to the clouds	The greatness of God’s loyalty is spoken of as if it was very high. Alternate translation: “is as high as the clouds” or “is enormously great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	36	6	s49q	figs-simile		0	like the mountains of God … like the great deep	These phrases describe the greatness of God’s righteousness and judgments as if they were very high and deep. Alternate translation: “as high as the highest mountains … as deep as the deepest sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 PSA	36	6	e8gt			0	you preserve	Alternate translation: “you help” or “you save”
-PSA	36	7	vs32	figs-abstractnouns		0	How precious is your covenant faithfulness	The word “precious” refers to how greatly the writer values Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “I greatly value how you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	36	7	vs32	figs-abstractnouns		0	How precious is your covenant faithfulness	The word “precious” refers to how greatly the writer values Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I greatly value how you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	36	8	vy98	figs-metaphor		0	They feast upon the abundance of your house	Eating much food as guests in a house is a metaphor for God providing all his people need. Alternate translation: “They will have all they need because you will provide it to them” or “You have plenty to give, and you will provide them with all they need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	36	8	mw7h	figs-metaphor		0	you let them drink from the river of your delights	There are two metaphors here. God’s abundant blessings are spoken of as if they are the water in a flowing river. Also, those who receive those blessings are spoken of as if they are drinking them like water. Alternate translation: “your precious blessings are like a river from which you will let them drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	36	9	wc6m			0	fountain of life	Alternate translation: “source of life”
 PSA	36	9	f7u5	figs-metaphor		0	in your light we will see light	Here “light” is a metaphor for true knowledge. Alternate translation: “when you enlighten us, we will know the truth” or “your light is what enables us to know the truth about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA	36	10	d1ua	figs-metaphor		0	Extend your covenant faithfulness fully to those who know you	The writer speaks of Yahweh continuing to act faithfully towards the people as if Yahweh were to extend his covenant faithfulness or make it longer. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adverb. Alternate translation: “Continue to act faithfully to those who know you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	36	10	d1ua	figs-metaphor		0	Extend your covenant faithfulness fully to those who know you	The writer speaks of Yahweh continuing to act faithfully towards the people as if Yahweh were to extend his covenant faithfulness or make it longer. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adverb. Alternate translation: “Continue to act faithfully to those who know you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	36	10	jtd4	figs-abstractnouns		0	your defense to the upright of heart	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **defense**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. “Continue” is implied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “Continue to protect the upright of heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 PSA	36	10	qms7	figs-synecdoche		0	the upright of heart	Here “heart” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “the upright” or “people who act righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 PSA	36	11	z9yf	figs-synecdoche		0	the foot of the arrogant man … the hand of the wicked	Here “foot” and “hand” refer to the evil people. These are not specific men. This refers to evil people in general. Alternate translation: “arrogant people … wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
@@ -1326,7 +1326,7 @@ PSA	37	38	dqj8	figs-activepassive		0	the future for the wicked man is cut off	If
 PSA	37	38	pn38	figs-metonymy		0	the future	This refers to his descendants. Alternate translation: “his descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	37	38	al71	figs-genericnoun		0	the wicked man	This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
 PSA	37	38	a22i	figs-metaphor		0	is cut off	The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 37:9](../037/009.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA	37	39	m69g	figs-abstractnouns		0	Salvation of the righteous comes from Yahweh	The abstract noun “Salvation” can be expressed as an action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh rescues the righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	37	39	m69g	figs-abstractnouns		0	Salvation of the righteous comes from Yahweh	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **Salvation**, you could express the same idea with an action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh rescues the righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	37	39	rjp3	figs-nominaladj		0	the righteous	This refers to the righteous people. Alternate translation: “the righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 PSA	37	40	jus5	figs-parallelism		0	helps … rescues … saves	This same idea is repeated in several different ways to emphasize that Yahweh is dependable and able to give aid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	37	40	qwg7	figs-metaphor		0	they have taken refuge in him	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “they have gone to him for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1507,7 +1507,7 @@ PSA	42	6	xh39	translate-names		0	hill of Mizar	This is the name of a hill at the
 PSA	42	7	c6aq	figs-personification		0	Deep calls to deep at the noise of your waterfalls	The word “deep” refers to deep waters, which here are likely the streams rushing down Mount Hermon. The writer speaks of them as if they are people calling out to one another as they hear the sound of their own descent from the mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 PSA	42	7	exq2	figs-metaphor		0	all your waves … have gone over me	The author speaks of his great misfortune and sadness as if they are deep waters that drown him with one wave after another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	42	7	d5k7	figs-doublet		0	your waves and your billows	The word “billows” is another word for “waves.” Together the two words emphasize the greatness of the waves. Alternate translation: “all of your great waves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-PSA	42	8	ef4n	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh will command his covenant faithfulness in the daytime	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness as if it were a person whom he commands to be with him. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will show me his covenant faithfulness in the daytime” or “Yahweh will show me in the daytime how faithful he is to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+PSA	42	8	ef4n	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh will command his covenant faithfulness in the daytime	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness as if it were a person whom he commands to be with him. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will show me his covenant faithfulness in the daytime” or “Yahweh will show me in the daytime how faithful he is to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	42	8	jsc8			0	his song	This could mean: (1) “the song that he gives me” or (2) “the song about him”
 PSA	42	8	xm7t			0	the God of my life	Alternate translation: “the God who gives me life”
 PSA	42	9	si6j	figs-metaphor		0	I will say to God, my rock	The writer speaks of God as if he were a huge rock that would provide protection from enemy attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1592,7 +1592,7 @@ PSA	44	25	rzd7	figs-parallelism		0	For we have sunk down into the dust; our bodi
 PSA	44	25	f1gv	figs-metaphor		0	For we have sunk down into the dust	The writer speaks of their humiliation as if their bodies were objects, such as ice, that melt and soak into the dirt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	44	25	q4te	figs-metaphor		0	our bodies cling to the earth	The writer speaks of their humiliation as if their bodies were stuck to the ground and they could not raise themselves up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	44	26	gbh3	figs-idiom		0	Rise up	This is a command to stand. This phrase refers to beginning to act on something. Alternate translation: “Take action” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-PSA	44	26	uu4n	figs-abstractnouns		0	for the sake of your covenant faithfulness	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “to show that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	44	26	uu4n	figs-abstractnouns		0	for the sake of your covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “to show that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	45	intro	hk23			0		# Psalm 045 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 45 is a royal psalm written for the king’s wedding day.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Beauty<br>The king has a beautiful palace, and his bride is also beautiful.<br><br>### Superscription<br>This psalm is called “a Maschil.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
 PSA	45	1	v3sl	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	45	1	p8j6			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship”
@@ -1711,7 +1711,7 @@ PSA	48	8	b3ds	figs-explicit		0	As we have heard	It is implied that what they hav
 PSA	48	8	g7aa	figs-explicit		0	so have we seen	This means that they have seen the proof that the things that they have heard are true. Alternate translation: “so we have seen God do great things now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PSA	48	8	pr7i	figs-parallelism		0	in the city of Yahweh of hosts, in the city of our God	Both of these phrases refer to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “in the city of our God, Yahweh of hosts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	48	8	pa6r			0	establish it	“make it secure.” Here the word “establish means to preserve and make something secure.
-PSA	48	9	fec8	figs-abstractnouns		0	your covenant faithfulness	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “how faithful you are to your covenant” or “how faithful you are to us because of your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	48	9	fec8	figs-abstractnouns		0	your covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “how faithful you are to your covenant” or “how faithful you are to us because of your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	48	9	wf6y			0	in the middle of your temple	Alternate translation: “as we are in your temple”
 PSA	48	10	wrg5	figs-metonymy		0	As your name is … so is your praise to the ends of the earth	Here the word “name” represents God’s character and reputation. The two phrases compare the greatness of God’s reputation with how greatly people praise him. Alternate translation: “Your name is very great … and so people throughout the world praise you greatly” or “People all throughout the world have heard of you … so people throughout the world praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	48	10	qf2g	figs-idiom		0	to the ends of the earth	This is an idiomatic expression that means everywhere in the word. See how you translated this in [Psalms 46:9](../046/009.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -1811,7 +1811,7 @@ PSA	51	1	v8pw	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in He
 PSA	51	1	rl6b			0	For the chief musician	Alternate translation: “This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
 PSA	51	1	ia5j			0	A psalm of David	This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
 PSA	51	1	sf45	figs-explicit		0	when Nathan the prophet came to him	It can be stated clearly what Nathan did when he came to David, because this psalm is in response to that. Alternate translation: “when Nathan the prophet came to David and rebuked him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-PSA	51	1	dlr2	figs-abstractnouns		0	because of your covenant faithfulness	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	51	1	dlr2	figs-abstractnouns		0	because of your covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	51	1	pm2w			0	for the sake of the multitude of your merciful actions	Alternate translation: “because you do so many merciful things”
 PSA	51	1	jan2	figs-metaphor		0	blot out my transgressions	Forgiving sins is spoken of as either: (1) blotting them out or (2) erasing a written record of the sins. Alternate translation: “forgive my sins like someone wiping something away” or “forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	51	2	rtj9	figs-parallelism		0	Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity … cleanse me from my sin	These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@@ -1853,7 +1853,7 @@ PSA	52	1	px5f			0	A maschil	This may refer to a style of music. See how you tran
 PSA	52	1	iv91	translate-names		0	Doeg … Ahimelech	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 PSA	52	1	gv61	figs-rquestion		0	Why are you proud of making trouble, you mighty man?	This question shows how angry David was at the one who made trouble. Alternate translation: “You should not be so proud of making trouble, you mighty man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 PSA	52	1	tc43	figs-irony		0	you mighty man	David may have been using irony when he called Doeg this. Alternate translation: “you, who think you are so mighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
-PSA	52	1	u3iv	figs-metaphor		0	The covenant faithfulness of God comes every day	David speaks of God’s covenant faithfulness as if it were something that could come. David was probably referring to God’s promises to protect his people from wicked people. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective or an adverb. Alternate translation: “Every day, God is faithful to keep the promises of his covenant” or “Every day, God faithfully protects his people from wicked people like you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	52	1	u3iv	figs-metaphor		0	The covenant faithfulness of God comes every day	David speaks of God’s covenant faithfulness as if it were something that could come. David was probably referring to God’s promises to protect his people from wicked people. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective or an adverb. Alternate translation: “Every day, God is faithful to keep the promises of his covenant” or “Every day, God faithfully protects his people from wicked people like you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	52	2	yc5s			0	a sharp razor	a sharp blade
 PSA	52	2	hlt7	figs-simile		0	Your tongue plans destruction like a sharp razor, working deceitfully	Here the tongue is compared to a sharp razor which is capable of causing great harm. Alternate translation: “Your tongue harms people like a sharp razor does, when you plan destruction and deceive others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 PSA	52	2	mc21	figs-synecdoche		0	Your tongue	Here “your tongue” refers to the person David is speaking to. Alternate translation: “You” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -2091,7 +2091,7 @@ PSA	59	8	tjt6			0	derision	ridicule
 PSA	59	9	av6p	figs-metonymy		0	my strength	God’s being the psalmist’s strength represents God protecting him. Alternate translation: “you are my strength” or “you are my protector” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	59	9	mi4w	figs-metaphor		0	you are my high tower	A high tower is a place that people could go to for shelter from their enemies. The psalmist speaks of God protecting him as if God were a strong, safe shelter. Alternate translation: “you protect me like a high tower” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	59	10	v7d9	figs-explicit		0	My God will meet me with his covenant faithfulness	This phrase implies that God will come to him in order to save him. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “My God, who is faithful to his covenant, will come to save me” or “My God will come to save me because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA	59	10	tb7v	figs-abstractnouns		0	my desire on my enemies	The abstract noun “desire” can be expressed with the verb “want.” Alternate translation: “what I want to happen to my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	59	10	tb7v	figs-abstractnouns		0	my desire on my enemies	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desire**, you could express the same idea with the verb “want.” Alternate translation: “what I want to happen to my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	59	11	c9tk			0	Scatter them	Alternate translation: “Cause them to wander around”
 PSA	59	11	yf94	figs-metonymy		0	our shield	God’s protecting the righteous is spoken of as if God were a shield. Alternate translation: “our protector” or “the one who protects us like a shield” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	59	12	iz4q	figs-metonymy		0	For the sins of their mouths and the words of their lips	The mouths and lips represent the things people say. Alternate translation: “Because they sin by what they say” or “Because of the sinful things they say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -2192,7 +2192,7 @@ PSA	63	1	jrr4			0	A psalm of David	This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or
 PSA	63	1	d7d1			0	earnestly	sincerely
 PSA	63	1	c3we	figs-parallelism		0	my soul thirsts for you, and my flesh longs for you	These two clauses have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize how greatly the writer desires to be with God. Alternate translation: “my whole being greatly desires to be with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	63	1	x4mg			0	dry and weary land	Alternate translation: “hot, dry desert”
-PSA	63	3	w2ui	figs-abstractnouns		0	Because your covenant faithfulness is better than life, my lips	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adverb and the abstract noun “life” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I value you being faithful to your covenant more than I value living, so my lips” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	63	3	w2ui	figs-abstractnouns		0	Because your covenant faithfulness is better than life, my lips	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adverb and If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **life**, you could express the same idea with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I value you being faithful to your covenant more than I value living, so my lips” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	63	3	cx75	figs-synecdoche		0	my lips will praise you	Here “my lips” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 PSA	63	4	vx4a	figs-metonymy		0	I will lift up my hands in your name	Here “in your name” means “to you.” Alternate translation: “I will worship you and pray to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	63	5	x5ky	figs-simile		0	It will be as if I ate a meal of marrow and fatness	Here the writer speaks of knowing and worshiping God as being more satisfying than eating a good meal. Alternate translation: “I will be happier than a person who eats a meal of fat and choice food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@@ -2437,7 +2437,7 @@ PSA	69	14	llk8	figs-metaphor		0	rescued out of the deep waters	The writer speaks
 PSA	69	15	ks55	figs-metaphor		0	the floods of water overwhelm me	The writer speaks about his danger from his enemies as if flood waters were covering him completely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	69	15	d558	figs-personification		0	the deep swallow me up	The writer speaks of the deep as if it was a deadly animal that was about to eat him. Alternate translation: “the deep waters swallow me up like a dangerous animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	69	15	iz9u	figs-personification		0	Do not let the pit shut its mouth on me	Here the “pit” is spoken of as if it has a mouth like a person and could eat the writer. Alternate translation: “Do not let the pit consume me” or “Do not let the pit of death close over me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA	69	16	ywk4	figs-abstractnouns		0	your covenant faithfulness is good	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “you are good and faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	69	16	ywk4	figs-abstractnouns		0	your covenant faithfulness is good	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “you are good and faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	69	16	ir4z			0	your mercies for me are many	Alternate translation: “you are very merciful to me”
 PSA	69	16	w23e	figs-metaphor		0	turn to me	The idea of turning towards someone means to pay attention to them or help them. Alternate translation: “help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	69	17	l6nz	figs-idiom		0	Do not hide your face from your servant	To hide one’s face means to refuse to hear or help someone. Alternate translation: “Please help your servant” or “Please help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -2468,7 +2468,7 @@ PSA	69	27	ix9p			0	iniquity after iniquity	Alternate translation: “very many s
 PSA	69	27	fv3w	figs-idiom		0	do not let them come into your righteous victory	To come into God’s victory is an idiom that means to receive a reward from him. Alternate translation: “do not let them receive your righteous reward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PSA	69	28	qt7j	figs-metonymy		0	Let them be blotted out of	Here “them” refers to the names of the enemies. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Wipe out their names in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PSA	69	28	el1y	figs-ellipsis		0	not be written down	It is inferred that “let them” is understood. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “do not write down their names” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-PSA	69	29	k8wx	figs-abstractnouns		0	let your salvation, God, set me up on high	The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated with the verb “save.” Here “on high” refers to a place of safety.” Alternate translation: “God, save me and put me in a safe place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+PSA	69	29	k8wx	figs-abstractnouns		0	let your salvation, God, set me up on high	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with the verb “save.” Here “on high” refers to a place of safety.” Alternate translation: “God, save me and put me in a safe place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	69	30	m7bv	figs-metonymy		0	the name of God	Here “name” refers to God himself. Alternate translation: “God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	69	30	bl7i	figs-abstractnouns		0	with thanksgiving	This abstract noun can be stated with the verb “thank.” Alternate translation: “by thanking him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	69	31	q988	figs-explicit		0	better than an ox or a bull	It is understood that the ox and the bull are to be offered to God as sacrifices. Alternate translation: “better than sacrificing an ox or sacrificing a bull” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -2549,7 +2549,7 @@ PSA	71	16	ntp3			0	with the mighty acts of the Lord Yahweh	This could mean: (1)
 PSA	71	16	xcy8			0	will make mention of	Alternate translation: “will talk about”
 PSA	71	17	af7a	figs-explicit		0	taught me	The implied information may be stated clearly. “taught me many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PSA	71	18	u6gc			0	God, do not forsake me	Alternate translation: “God, please do not forsake me”
-PSA	71	18	u45h	figs-abstractnouns		0	I have been declaring your strength	The abstract noun “strength” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I have been telling how strong you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	71	18	u45h	figs-abstractnouns		0	I have been declaring your strength	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you could express the same idea with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I have been telling how strong you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	71	18	bs2s			0	to the next generation	Alternate translation: “to those who are children today”
 PSA	71	18	k6sb	figs-ellipsis		0	your power to everyone who is to come	The omitted information may be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “and as I declare your power to everyone who is to come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 PSA	71	18	x4ym	figs-hyperbole		0	everyone who is to come	This exaggeration refers to everyone the writer can speak to. Alternate translation: “so as many people as I can tell will know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@@ -2763,7 +2763,7 @@ PSA	76	4	h3jm	figs-doublet		0	You shine brightly and reveal your glory	The secon
 PSA	76	4	zyy2	figs-metaphor		0	You shine brightly	The words “shine brightly” are a metaphor for being great. Alternate translation: “You show how extremely great you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	76	5	at6f	figs-activepassive		0	The bravehearted were plundered	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Your people killed the brave soldiers of their enemies and then took all their possessions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PSA	76	5	xyy9	figs-euphemism		0	fell asleep	Here “fell asleep” is a euphemism for died. Alternate translation: “died” or “fell down dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
-PSA	76	6	zz9f	figs-abstractnouns		0	At your rebuke	The abstract noun “rebuke” refers to saying something in an angry or critical way. Alternate translation: “When you rebuked them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	76	6	zz9f	figs-abstractnouns		0	At your rebuke	Here, **rebuke** refers to saying something in an angry or critical way. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rebuke**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “When you rebuked them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	76	6	uud7	figs-euphemism		0	fell asleep	This phrase is a polite way to say that they died. Alternate translation: “died” or “fell down dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
 PSA	76	7	tzq2	figs-rquestion		0	who can stand in your sight when you are angry?	This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can stand in your sight when you are angry.” or “You can destroy anyone at whom you are angry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 PSA	76	8	gys7			0	you made your judgment heard	Alternate translation: “you pronounced judgment” or “you announced how you were going to punish wicked people”
@@ -3168,8 +3168,8 @@ PSA	85	4	r347	figs-abstractnouns		0	God of our salvation	If your language does n
 PSA	85	4	u4ty	figs-metaphor		0	let go of your displeasure with us	Asking God to stop being angry with the Israelites is spoken of as if displeasure were an object the writer wants God to let go of. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	85	5	b6ih	figs-rquestion		0	Will you be angry with us forever? Will you remain angry throughout future generations?	The writer uses these questions to emphasize that he is requesting God to stop being angry with them. These rhetorical questions can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Please do not stay angry at us forever.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 PSA	85	6	fc4x	figs-rquestion		0	Will you not revive us again?	The writer uses a question to emphasize his request to God to make the people of Israel prosper and happy again. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Please make us prosper again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-PSA	85	7	am5x	figs-abstractnouns		0	Show us your covenant faithfulness	If the sentence is rearranged, the ideas in the abstract noun “covenant faithfulness” can be expressed with the phrase “faithful to your covenant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA	85	7	u94q	figs-abstractnouns		0	grant us your salvation	This is how the writer wants God to show his faithfulness to his people. If the sentence is rearranged, the ideas in the abstract noun “salvation” can be expressed with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “and save us” or “by saving us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	85	7	am5x	figs-abstractnouns		0	Show us your covenant faithfulness	If the sentence is rearranged, the ideas in If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **covenant faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with the phrase “faithful to your covenant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	85	7	u94q	figs-abstractnouns		0	grant us your salvation	This is how the writer wants God to show his faithfulness to his people. If the sentence is rearranged, the ideas in If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “and save us” or “by saving us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	85	8	f1q2			0	make peace with his people	Alternate translation: “have a peaceful relationship with his people” or “bring peace to his people”
 PSA	85	8	mt5f	figs-metaphor		0	Yet they must not turn again to foolish ways	A person changing the way he behaves is spoken of as if he were physically turning to a different direction. Alternate translation: “Yet they must not start doing foolish things again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	85	9	q85w	figs-metaphor		0	Surely his salvation is near to those	God being ready to save someone is spoken of as if salvation were an object that God has placed near someone. Alternate translation: “Surely God is ready to save those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -3199,14 +3199,14 @@ PSA	86	11	sa8a	figs-metaphor		0	Teach me your ways, Yahweh. Then I will walk in
 PSA	86	11	up7s	figs-metonymy		0	Unite my heart to reverence you	Here “heart” represents a person’s thoughts, emotions, and motives. Asking God to cause a person to respect him completely is spoken of as if the person’s heart were in many pieces and that God unites them together. Alternate translation: “Cause me to respect you sincerely with all my heart” or “Cause me to respect you sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	86	12	ln3t	figs-metonymy		0	I will praise you with my whole heart	Here “heart” represents a person’s thoughts, emotions, and motives. Alternate translation: “I will praise you completely and sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	86	12	r58p	figs-metonymy		0	I will glorify your name	Here “name” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will glorify you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA	86	13	pa7h	figs-abstractnouns		0	For great is your covenant faithfulness toward me	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “For you are very faithful to me because of your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	86	13	pa7h	figs-abstractnouns		0	For great is your covenant faithfulness toward me	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “For you are very faithful to me because of your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	86	13	m9g3			0	you have rescued my life from the depths of Sheol	This does not mean God brought him back to life after he died. It means God saved him when he was about to die.
 PSA	86	14	dx52	figs-nominaladj		0	the arrogant	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “arrogant people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 PSA	86	14	ih3b			0	have risen up against me	Alternate translation: “are coming together to harm me”
 PSA	86	14	tb73	figs-idiom		0	seek my life	This is a way of saying they want to kill him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PSA	86	15	l91z	figs-metaphor		0	and abundant in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness	God constantly being faithful and trustworthy is spoken of as if faithfulness and trustworthiness were objects of which God has a large quantity. The two abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “always faithful to your covenant and very worthy of people trusting you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	86	16	rlz9	figs-metaphor		0	Turn toward me	Asking God to consider him is spoken of as if he wanted God to turn and look at him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA	86	16	ha4f	figs-abstractnouns		0	give your strength to your servant	The abstract noun “strength” can be stated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “strengthen your servant” or “make your servant strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	86	16	ha4f	figs-abstractnouns		0	give your strength to your servant	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you could express the same idea with a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “strengthen your servant” or “make your servant strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	86	16	r4fq	figs-123person		0	your servant … the son of your servant woman	The writer is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 PSA	86	17	ja63	figs-activepassive		0	be put to shame	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PSA	87	intro	l8z3			0		# Psalm 087 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 87 is a psalm about Jerusalem.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pride<br>People will be proud to have been born in Jerusalem.<br><br>### Psalms about Jerusalem<br><br>Psalm 46, 48, and 76 are part of a group of psalms that celebrate Jerusalem.
@@ -3272,7 +3272,7 @@ PSA	89	intro	aw17			0		# Psalm 089 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psal
 PSA	89	1	knd1	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	89	1	mu2k			0	A maschil	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in [Psalms 32:1](../032/001.md).
 PSA	89	1	dqe7	translate-names		0	Ethan	This is the name of the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-PSA	89	1	sv5i	figs-abstractnouns		0	acts of covenant faithfulness	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “faithful acts” or “loving acts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	89	1	sv5i	figs-abstractnouns		0	acts of covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “faithful acts” or “loving acts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	89	2	pbm7	figs-metaphor		0	Covenant faithfulness has been established forever	God always doing what he promised to do is spoken of as if his faithfulness were a building that God has built and made firm. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will always be faithful because of your covenant with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PSA	89	2	hn1i	figs-metaphor		0	your truthfulness you have established in the heavens	God always doing what he promised to do is spoken of as if his faithfulness were a building that God has built and made firm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	89	2	l9ik			0	in the heavens	This could mean: (1) this refers to God’s dwelling place. This would mean God rules from heaven and he always does what he promises or (2) this refers to the sky. This would mean that God’s promises are as constant and permanent as the sky .
@@ -3305,8 +3305,8 @@ PSA	89	15	a8ms	figs-explicit		0	who worship you	Here the word “worship” impl
 PSA	89	15	p2gi	figs-metaphor		0	they walk	Here people living their lives is spoken of as if they were walking. Alternate translation: “they live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	89	15	v1rr	figs-metaphor		0	in the light of your face	The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on them. Alternate translation: “knowing that you act favorably towards them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	89	16	j2hd	figs-metonymy		0	in your name	Here “name” represents the person. Alternate translation: “in you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA	89	16	uz6z	figs-abstractnouns		0	in your righteousness they exalt you	The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “they exalt you because you always do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA	89	17	f1h8	figs-abstractnouns		0	You are their majestic strength	The abstract noun “strength” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “You make them wonderfully strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	89	16	uz6z	figs-abstractnouns		0	in your righteousness they exalt you	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “they exalt you because you always do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	89	17	f1h8	figs-abstractnouns		0	You are their majestic strength	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “You make them wonderfully strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	89	17	w9hu	figs-explicit		0	You are their	Here “their” refers to the Israelites. The writer would have included himself as a member of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “You are our” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PSA	89	17	t45a	figs-exclusive		0	we are victorious	Here “we” refers to the writer and the Israelites but not to Yahweh, to whom he speaks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 PSA	89	18	nu6c	figs-metaphor		0	For our shield belongs to Yahweh	The king who protects his people and whom Yahweh chose is spoken of as if he were a shield that belongs to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -3325,7 +3325,7 @@ PSA	89	26	hc3j	figs-quotesinquotes		0	He will call out to me, ‘You are my Fath
 PSA	89	26	ue8t	figs-metaphor		0	the rock of my salvation	Yahweh protecting and saving David is spoken of as if Yahweh were a high rock that David could stand on top of for protection from enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	89	27	m5u8			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues speaking about David.
 PSA	89	27	i4nj	figs-metaphor		0	I also will place him as my firstborn son	Yahweh giving David special rank and privileges over all other people is spoken of as if David would be Yahweh’s firstborn son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA	89	28	zs6u	figs-metaphor		0	I will extend my covenant faithfulness to him forever	Yahweh speaks of continuing to act faithfully towards David is spoken of as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness were an object that he extends or makes longer. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adverb. Alternate translation: “I will continue to act faithfully towards him forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	89	28	zs6u	figs-metaphor		0	I will extend my covenant faithfulness to him forever	Yahweh speaks of continuing to act faithfully towards David is spoken of as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness were an object that he extends or makes longer. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adverb. Alternate translation: “I will continue to act faithfully towards him forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	89	29	nlx7	figs-simile		0	his throne as enduring as the skies above	Someone from David’s family always ruling as king is spoken of as if his throne would last as long as the sky will last. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 PSA	89	29	k6mi	figs-metonymy		0	his throne	Here “throne” represents the power to rule as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	89	30	zb7x			0	his children	Alternate translation: “David’s descendants”
@@ -3405,7 +3405,7 @@ PSA	90	13	lcn8	figs-metaphor		0	Turn back, Yahweh! How long will it be?	Asking Y
 PSA	90	13	e9p1	figs-rquestion		0	How long will it be?	The writer uses a question to state that he wants God to stop being angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 PSA	90	13	zs74			0	Have pity on your servants	Here “your servants” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Be merciful to us, your servants”
 PSA	90	14	p6kf			0	Satisfy us in the morning	Alternate translation: “Satisfy us every morning”
-PSA	90	14	k6eg	figs-abstractnouns		0	with your covenant faithfulness	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “by being faithful because of your covenant with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	90	14	k6eg	figs-abstractnouns		0	with your covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “by being faithful because of your covenant with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	90	15	z79l	figs-parallelism		0	in proportion to the days you afflicted us and to the years we have experienced trouble	Both of these phrases mean the same thing. The writer is asking Yahweh to make them happy for the same amount of time he punished them. Alternate translation: “for the same amount of time that you afflicted us and caused us to suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	90	16	tb62	figs-explicit		0	Let your servants	Here “your servants” refer to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Let us, your servants” or “Let us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PSA	90	16	g2qt			0	let our children	Here “children” means children and descendants.
@@ -3436,7 +3436,7 @@ PSA	91	6	t9ab			0	disease	an illness that makes many people ill at the same time
 PSA	91	7	c8n1			0	A thousand may fall at your side and ten thousand at your right hand	“Many people may fall all around you.” If translating the exact numbers confuses the readers, you may omit them.
 PSA	91	7	z1e3			0	it will not reach you	Alternate translation: “the evil will not harm you”
 PSA	91	8	ad8c			0	You will only observe and see	Alternate translation: “You yourself will not suffer, but you will watch carefully, and you will see”
-PSA	91	8	dv9f	figs-abstractnouns		0	the punishment of the wicked	The abstract noun “punishment” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “how God punishes the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	91	8	dv9f	figs-abstractnouns		0	the punishment of the wicked	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **punishment**, you could express the same idea with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “how God punishes the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	91	9	yz6c	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh is my refuge	The writer speaks of Yahweh protecting him as if Yahweh were a safe place for him to find protection from his enemies. Alternate translation: “Yahweh protects me, like a person finds protection in a place of refuge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	91	9	k71v			0	Make the Most High your refuge also	“You should make the Most High your refuge also.” The psalmist stops speaking to God and speaks to the reader.
 PSA	91	10	ey4g	figs-metaphor		0	No evil will overtake you	The writer speaks of a person experiencing bad or evil things as if evil were a person who overtakes another person. Alternate translation: “Nothing evil will happen to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@@ -3537,7 +3537,7 @@ PSA	94	15	h275			0	will follow it	Alternate translation: “will want the judges
 PSA	94	16	h7cv	figs-rquestion		0	Who will rise up to defend me against the evildoers? Who will stand up for me against the wicked?	This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one will defend me against the evildoers. No one will help me fight against the wicked.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 PSA	94	16	x3ap	figs-nominaladj		0	the wicked	The adjective “wicked” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 PSA	94	17	pgd7	figs-hypo		0	Unless Yahweh had been my help … silence	This is a hypothetical situation. Yahweh did help him, so he was not lying in the place of silence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
-PSA	94	17	ecb1	figs-abstractnouns		0	Unless Yahweh had been my help	The abstract noun “help” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “If Yahweh had not helped me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	94	17	ecb1	figs-abstractnouns		0	Unless Yahweh had been my help	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **help**, you could express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “If Yahweh had not helped me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	94	17	zjq1	figs-euphemism		0	I would soon be lying down in the place of silence	Here “would be lying down” refers to “death” and “in the place of silence” refers to the grave.” Alternate translation: “in a short time, I would be dead, lying in a silent grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
 PSA	94	18	gqn7	figs-abstractnouns		0	Your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, held me up	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “You, Yahweh, held me up because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	94	19	f9kp	figs-abstractnouns		0	When cares within me are many, your consolations make me happy	The psalmist speaks of care as if he could count separate cares. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **consolations**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “console” or “comfort.” Alternate translation: “When I have been worried about many things, you have comforted me and made me happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -3589,7 +3589,7 @@ PSA	96	6	x8v4			0	in his presence	Alternate translation: “where he is”
 PSA	96	6	c8fx	figs-personification		0	Splendor and majesty are in his presence	The psalmist speaks as if splendor and majesty are people who can stand before a king. Alternate translation: “Everyone knows of his splendor and majesty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 PSA	96	6	geu8	figs-metonymy		0	Strength and beauty are in his sanctuary	The words “strength” and “beauty” are metonyms for the ark of the covenant decrees, which is found in the sanctuary. Alternate translation: “It is his sanctuary that contains the ark of the covenant decrees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	96	7	pq3m	figs-abstractnouns		0	Ascribe to Yahweh … ascribe praise to Yahweh for his glory and strength	This can be restated to removed the abstract nouns “praise,” “glory,” and “strength.” See how these words are translated in [Psalms 29:1](../029/001.md). Alternate translation: “Praise Yahweh … praise Yahweh because he is glorious and strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA	96	8	y25v	figs-abstractnouns		0	Give to Yahweh the glory that his name deserves	The abstract noun “glory” can be stated as a verb or adjective. See how these words are translated in [Psalms 29:2](../029/002.md). Alternate translation: “Honor Yahweh just as his name deserves” or “Proclaim that Yahweh is glorious just as his name deserves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	96	8	y25v	figs-abstractnouns		0	Give to Yahweh the glory that his name deserves	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **glory**, you could express the same idea with a verb or adjective. See how these words are translated in [Psalms 29:2](../029/002.md). Alternate translation: “Honor Yahweh just as his name deserves” or “Proclaim that Yahweh is glorious just as his name deserves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	96	8	mvb8	figs-metonymy		0	his name deserves	Here “name” refers to the person of God. Alternate translation: “he deserves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	96	8	pw15			0	his courts	the temple courtyard where the priests sacrificed animals to Yahweh
 PSA	96	9	z4rm	figs-explicit		0	Bow down to Yahweh	The implied information is that the people were to bow down in worship. Alternate translation: “Bow down to worship Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
@@ -3606,7 +3606,7 @@ PSA	96	13	gp2k	figs-parallelism		0	He is coming to judge the earth. He will judg
 PSA	96	13	jp59			0	to judge … will judge	Another possible meaning is “to rule … will rule.”
 PSA	96	13	yk8h	figs-metonymy		0	He will judge the world with righteousness	Here “the world” is a metonym for all the people in the world. See how these words are translated in [Psalms 9:8](../009/008.md). Alternate translation: “He will judge all the people of the world righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	96	13	yn8l	figs-ellipsis		0	the peoples with his faithfulness	The words “he will judge” are understood. Alternate translation: “he will judge the peoples with his faithfulness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-PSA	96	13	z7r2	figs-abstractnouns		0	with his faithfulness	The can be restated to remove the abstract noun “faithfulness.” This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “fairly, according to what he knows is true” or (2) Alternate translation: “using the same standard for all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	96	13	z7r2	figs-abstractnouns		0	with his faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “fairly, according to what he knows is true” or (2) Alternate translation: “using the same standard for all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	97	intro	ydx4			0		# Psalm 097 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 97 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100)<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s authority<br>All people who worship idols are disgraced because Yahweh rules over all the world.
 PSA	97	1	myd1	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	97	1	aa9a	figs-personification		0	let the earth rejoice; let the many coastlands be glad	The earth and the coastlands are said to have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Rejoice and be glad every person on the earth and near the seas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@@ -3668,7 +3668,7 @@ PSA	99	2	w3l7			0	Yahweh is great in Zion; he is exalted above all the nations	A
 PSA	99	2	e9l4	figs-activepassive		0	he is exalted above all the nations	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people in all the nations exalt him” or “people in all nations praise him greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	99	3	r44j			0	Let them praise your great and awesome name	Here the author shifts from speaking about God, to speaking to God. After this phrase though, he shifts back to speaking about God.
 PSA	99	4	c51t	figs-abstractnouns		0	he loves justice	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “what is just.” Alternate translation: “he loves doing what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA	99	4	f41e	figs-abstractnouns		0	You have established fairness	The abstract noun “fairness” is a metonym for the laws that are fair. Alternate translation: “The laws you have established are fair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+PSA	99	4	f41e	figs-abstractnouns		0	You have established fairness	Here, **fairness** is a metonym for the laws that are fair. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fairness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The laws you have established are fair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	99	5	j6yj	figs-explicit		0	worship at his footstool	Here the word “footstool” likely refers to the ark of the covenant, which the biblical writers often spoke of as if it were Yahweh’s footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. The translation can make explicit that the people are to worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “worship Yahweh at his footstool” or “worship Yahweh before his throne in the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PSA	99	7	cv85			0	solemn	important, given seriously
 PSA	99	8	v1qa			0	You answered them	Alternate translation: “You answered your people”
@@ -4236,7 +4236,7 @@ PSA	115	1	i2ig	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in H
 PSA	115	1	l7ze	figs-doublet		0	Not to us, Yahweh, not to us	The writer repeats the phrase “Not to us” in order to emphasize that they are not worthy to receive the honor that is due only to Yahweh. If necessary, a verbal phrase may be supplied here. Alternate translation: “Do not bring honor to us, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 PSA	115	1	a1ln			0	to us	The word “us” refers to the people of Israel.
 PSA	115	1	xrr8	figs-metonymy		0	but to your name bring honor	Here the word “name” represents Yahweh, himself. Alternate translation: “but bring honor to yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA	115	1	ckd9	figs-abstractnouns		0	for your covenant faithfulness and for your trustworthiness	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant and you are worthy of people trusting you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	115	1	ckd9	figs-abstractnouns		0	for your covenant faithfulness and for your trustworthiness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **trustworthiness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant and you are worthy of people trusting you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	115	2	frw2	figs-rquestion		0	Why should the nations say, “Where is their God?”	This rhetorical question emphasizes that there should be no reason for the nations to say what they say. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “The people of the nations should not be able to say, ‘Where is their God?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 PSA	115	2	ya4w	figs-rquestion		0	Where is their God?	The people of other nations use this question to mock the people of Israel and to express that they do not see Yahweh helping them. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your God is not here to help you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 PSA	115	4	ums8	figs-synecdoche		0	the work of men’s hands	Here the word “hands” represents the people who made the idols. Alternate translation: “things which men have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -4291,7 +4291,7 @@ PSA	117	intro	kfu1			0		# Psalm 117 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psa
 PSA	117	1	wmd2	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	117	2	ce43			0	For his	Alternate translation: “Because his”
 PSA	117	2	t4z5	figs-abstractnouns		0	his covenant faithfulness is great toward us	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he does great things for us because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PSA	117	2	uht9	figs-abstractnouns		0	the trustworthiness of Yahweh endures forever	The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be translated with an adjective or a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “Yahweh remains trustworthy forever” or “Yahweh will forever be worthy of people trusting him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	117	2	uht9	figs-abstractnouns		0	the trustworthiness of Yahweh endures forever	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **trustworthiness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective or a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “Yahweh remains trustworthy forever” or “Yahweh will forever be worthy of people trusting him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	118	intro	z9au			0		# Psalm 118 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psalm 118 is a psalm of war and is about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Rejected stone<br>The author praised Yahweh for his rescuing him. God enabled him to overpower his enemies. The new Testament, and even Jesus himself, saw the rejected stone as a reference to the Messiah’s rejection by the Jewish leaders. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])
 PSA	118	1	g414	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	118	1	af6g			0	Give thanks to Yahweh, for he is good	Alternate translation: “Thank Yahweh because of the good things he does”
@@ -4435,7 +4435,7 @@ PSA	119	59	x88a	figs-synecdoche		0	turned my feet	Here “feet” represent the
 PSA	119	60	uuk4	figs-doublet		0	I hurry and do not delay	The writer expresses the same idea both positively and negatively in order to emphasize the urgency with which he obeys Yahweh’s commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 PSA	119	61	i6di	figs-metaphor		0	The cords of the wicked have ensnared me	In this metaphor, wicked or evil people tried to cause the writer to sin like a hunter seeking to catch an animal with a trap. Alternate translation: “My enemies have tried to catch me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	119	63	tvy5			0	I am a companion of all who honor you	Alternate translation: “I am a friend of all who honor you”
-PSA	119	64	p7l3	figs-metaphor		0	The earth, Yahweh, is full of your covenant faithfulness	People everywhere in the world being able to see evidence of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if his covenant faithfulness filled the earth. The abstract noun “covenant faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 33:5](../033/005.md). Alternate translation: “People everywhere on earth can see that you, Yahweh, are faithful to your covenant” or “Throughout the earth, there is evidence that you, Yahweh, are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	119	64	p7l3	figs-metaphor		0	The earth, Yahweh, is full of your covenant faithfulness	People everywhere in the world being able to see evidence of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if his covenant faithfulness filled the earth. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **covenant faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Psalms 33:5](../033/005.md). Alternate translation: “People everywhere on earth can see that you, Yahweh, are faithful to your covenant” or “Throughout the earth, there is evidence that you, Yahweh, are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	119	65	d39z	figs-123person		0	to your servant	The writer refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “to me, your servant” or “to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 PSA	119	65	k4vq	figs-idiom		0	by means of your word	This is an idiom. “Your word” refers to the promises Yahweh has made to the writer. Alternate translation: “as you have promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PSA	119	66	x5n2	figs-sentences		0	Teach me proper discernment and understanding, for I have believed in your commandments	Some languages may require change in logical progression. Alternate translation: “Since I have believed in your commandments, teach me proper discernment and understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-intro]])
@@ -4522,7 +4522,7 @@ PSA	119	123	r56e	figs-synecdoche		0	My eyes grow tired as I wait	Here “eyes”
 PSA	119	123	z4cn	figs-abstractnouns		0	for your salvation and for your righteous word	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “for you to save me as you promised to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	119	123	ptu5			0	your righteous word	Alternate translation: “your righteous promise”
 PSA	119	124	k6pq	figs-123person		0	Show your servant	The writer speaks about himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “Show me” or “Show me, your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
-PSA	119	124	ygx1	figs-abstractnouns		0	your covenant faithfulness	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as an adverb or adjective. Alternate translation: “that you faithfully love me” or “that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	119	124	ygx1	figs-abstractnouns		0	your covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adverb or adjective. Alternate translation: “that you faithfully love me” or “that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	119	125	van8	figs-abstractnouns		0	give me understanding	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “enable me to understand what you want me to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	119	126	g82b	figs-123person		0	It is time for Yahweh to act	The writer is speaking to Yahweh in the third person. This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “It is time for you to act, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 PSA	119	126	n98z	figs-idiom		0	people have broken your law	This is an idiom. Here “have broken” means “disobeyed.” This is a way of saying the people have disobeyed God’s law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -4852,7 +4852,7 @@ PSA	138	1	hm3q	figs-metonymy		0	I will give you thanks with my whole heart	The h
 PSA	138	1	eq6r			0	before the gods	This could mean: (1) “in spite of the false idols that exist” or (2) “before the heavenly assembly,” which means “in the knowledge of the angels in heaven.”
 PSA	138	2	bda1	translate-symaction		0	I will bow down	Bowing down is a symbolic action that represents worship and giving honor. Alternate translation: “I will worship you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
 PSA	138	2	p2fj	figs-metonymy		0	give thanks to your name	Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “give thanks to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PSA	138	2	t3ms	figs-abstractnouns		0	for your covenant faithfulness and for your trustworthiness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant and you are worthy of people trusting you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	138	2	t3ms	figs-abstractnouns		0	for your covenant faithfulness and for your trustworthiness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **trustworthiness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant and you are worthy of people trusting you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	138	2	wkx6			0	your word	Alternate translation: “what you have said” or “your commands and promises”
 PSA	138	2	m6ju	figs-metonymy		0	your name	This could mean: (1) “yourself” or (2) “your fame.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	138	4	zpz8	figs-synecdoche		0	your mouth	This expression stands for God himself. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -4939,7 +4939,7 @@ PSA	141	3	hf52	figs-metaphor		0	guard the door of my lips	The psalmist speaks as
 PSA	141	4	cg6p			0	participate in sinful activities	Alternate translation: “do sinful deeds”
 PSA	141	4	ft7c			0	their delicacies	Alternate translation: “their special foods”
 PSA	141	5	z9wf	figs-metaphor		0	hit me	The psalmist speaks as if giving a rebuke were physically hitting someone. Alternate translation: “rebuke me” or “hit me so I will listen when he corrects me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PSA	141	5	d396	figs-abstractnouns		0	it will be a kindness to me	The abstract noun “kindness” can be translated with an adverb. Alternate translation: “he will be acting kindly to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	141	5	d396	figs-abstractnouns		0	it will be a kindness to me	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **kindness**, you could express the same idea with an adverb. Alternate translation: “he will be acting kindly to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	141	5	vbt8	figs-simile		0	it will be like oil on my head	Possible meanings are that the psalmist speaks as if a person correcting him were putting oil on his head: (1) to honor him. Alternate translation: “when he corrects me, I will know that the one who corrects me is doing a good deed to me” or (2) to make his head feel better. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	141	5	sry9	figs-synecdoche		0	may my head not refuse to accept it	The head is a synecdoche for the person. The litotes can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “may I accept it gladly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
 PSA	141	5	m2xw	figs-metonymy		0	my prayer is always against their wicked deeds	The words “wicked deeds” are a metonym for the people who do the wicked deeds. Alternate translation: “I always pray that Yahweh will stop wicked people from doing evil deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -5011,7 +5011,7 @@ PSA	144	intro	j9c6			0		# Psalm 144 General Notes<br>## Type of psalm<br><br>Psa
 PSA	144	1	kh8j	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 PSA	144	1	lg69	figs-metaphor		0	my rock	This could mean: (1) “the one who keeps me safe” or (2) “the one who gives me strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	144	1	r6cj	figs-synecdoche		0	who trains my hands for war and my fingers for battle	The words “hands” and “fingers” are synecdoches for “me.” If “war” and “battle” are the same word in your language, you can translate this as one line. Alternate translation: “who trains me for war and trains me for battle” or “who trains me for war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-PSA	144	2	k7jc	figs-abstractnouns		0	my covenant faithfulness	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with anadverb. This could mean: (1) “the one who faithfully loves me” or (2) “the one who faithfully protects me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	144	2	k7jc	figs-abstractnouns		0	my covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with anadverb. This could mean: (1) “the one who faithfully loves me” or (2) “the one who faithfully protects me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	144	2	bpc6	figs-metaphor		0	my fortress … take refuge	The psalmist uses many metaphors to emphasize that Yahweh will protect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	144	2	naw2	figs-metaphor		0	my high tower	David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a fortress that protects him from attack. Yahweh is the one who protects David from harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PSA	144	2	v4eq	figs-metaphor		0	my shield	David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a shield that protects a soldier. Yahweh is the one who protects David from harm. See how this is translated in [Psalms 18:2](../018/002.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -5076,7 +5076,7 @@ PSA	146	3	ure6			0	in mankind	Alternate translation: “in humankind” or “in
 PSA	146	4	xqq1	figs-euphemism		0	When a person’s life’s breath stops	This is a polite way to refer to someone dying. Alternate translation: When a person dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
 PSA	146	4	c8h2	figs-explicit		0	he returns to the ground	This means that just as God made the first human, Adam, from the soil, so will a person’s body decay and become soil again when he dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PSA	146	6	ci47	figs-merism		0	Yahweh made heaven and earth	The words “heaven” and “earth” represent everything that exists in the physical universe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
-PSA	146	6	ca4t	figs-abstractnouns		0	observes trustworthiness	The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “remains trustworthy” or “remains faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	146	6	ca4t	figs-abstractnouns		0	observes trustworthiness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **trustworthiness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “remains trustworthy” or “remains faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	146	7	zbn6			0	He executes justice	Alternate translation: “He decides matters fairly”
 PSA	146	7	kk2i	figs-nominaladj		0	for the oppressed	This nominal adjective can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “for oppressed people” or “for those whom other people oppress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 PSA	146	7	key9	figs-nominaladj		0	to the hungry	This nominal adjective can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “to hungry people” or “to those who are hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
@@ -5100,7 +5100,7 @@ PSA	147	9	y81a	figs-ellipsis		0	to the young ravens when they cry	The verbal phr
 PSA	147	9	hrg8			0	when they cry	Alternate translation: “whey they chirp” or “when they call”
 PSA	147	10	ih2w			0	He finds no delight in the strength of a horse	Alternate translation: “Strong horses do not delight him”
 PSA	147	10	vg8p	figs-metonymy		0	the strong legs of a man	This could mean: (1) “strong legs” is a metonym that represents how swiftly a man can run. Alternate translation: “men who can run swiftly” or (2) “strong legs” represents the strength of the whole man. Alternate translation: “how strong a man is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-PSA	147	11	fe9n	figs-abstractnouns		0	who hope in his covenant faithfulness	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with and adjective. Alternate translation: “who trust him because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	147	11	fe9n	figs-abstractnouns		0	who hope in his covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with and adjective. Alternate translation: “who trust him because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	147	12	c1ra	figs-personification		0	Jerusalem … Zion	The writer speaks to Jerusalem, which he also calls Zion, as if it were a person. The names of the city are metonyms for the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “people of Jerusalem … people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	147	13	v5j1	figs-synecdoche		0	For he strengthens the bars of your gates	The phrase “the bars of your gates” represent the city as a whole. Yahweh will make Jerusalem secure from enemy invasion. Alternate translation: “For he protects Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 PSA	147	13	kjw5	figs-metaphor		0	he blesses … among you	The writer speaks of those who live in Jerusalem as if they were Jerusalem’s children. Alternate translation: “he blesses those who live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -5149,7 +5149,7 @@ PSA	149	2	r1nd			0	rejoice in the one who made them	This could mean: (1) “rejo
 PSA	149	2	jyp7			0	rejoice in their king	The words “their king” is likely a reference to God. This could mean: (1) “rejoice because he is their king” or (2) “rejoice because their king is good.”
 PSA	149	3	isj6	figs-metonymy		0	praise his name	The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “praise him” or “tell people how great he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PSA	149	3	pu1i	translate-unknown		0	tambourine	a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
-PSA	149	4	hrp8	figs-abstractnouns		0	glorifies the humble with salvation	The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “glorifies the humble by saving them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PSA	149	4	hrp8	figs-abstractnouns		0	glorifies the humble with salvation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “glorifies the humble by saving them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PSA	149	4	t8tz	figs-nominaladj		0	the humble	This can be restated to remove the nominal adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 PSA	149	5	b5tj	figs-explicit		0	on their beds	The translation can make explicit that this refers to when a person lies down at night to sleep in a bed. Alternate translation: “as they lie down to sleep at night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PSA	149	6	s1s6	figs-synecdoche		0	May the praises of God be in their mouths	The mouth represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “May they always be ready to praise God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

en_tn_20-PRO.tsv

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ PRO	1	1	q6pn	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Verses 2-33 are poetry. (See
 PRO	1	2	iaq1	figs-abstractnouns		0	to teach wisdom and instruction	This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns “wisdom” and “instruction” can be stated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “to teach you how to be wise and to instruct you about how to live moral lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	1	2	rs3p			0	to teach words of insight	Alternate translation: “to help you understand wise teachings”
 PRO	1	3	ew1z	figs-you		0	that you may receive	Here “you” refers to the readers. If it is more natural in your language you can state it as an inclusive “we.” Alternate translation: “that we may receive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-PRO	1	3	aun5	figs-abstractnouns		0	may receive instruction in order to live	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “instruction” is stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “may be instructed how to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	1	3	aun5	figs-abstractnouns		0	may receive instruction in order to live	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **instruction**, you could express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “may be instructed how to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	1	4	be4c	figs-abstractnouns		0	are also to give wisdom to the naive	This can be reworded so that If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “wise.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “also teach to those who are naive how to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PRO	1	4	j62d			0	naive	inexperienced or immature
 PRO	1	4	p2ca	figs-abstractnouns		0	to give knowledge and discretion to young people	The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “discretion” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and to teach to young people what they need to know and how to discern the right thing to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ PRO	1	27	kd9m	figs-simile		0	when your fearful dread comes like a storm … like
 PRO	1	27	uy59			0	whirlwind	a very strong wind storm that causes damage
 PRO	1	28	m9t9	figs-personification		0		Wisdom continues speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 PRO	1	28	g5w7			0	Then they will call upon me	Alternate translation: “Then those who ignored me will cry out to me for help”
-PRO	1	29	xk1e	figs-abstractnouns		0	Because they hate knowledge	The abstract noun “knowledge” can be stated as the verb “learn.” Alternate translation: “Because they refused to learn to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	1	29	xk1e	figs-abstractnouns		0	Because they hate knowledge	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with the verb “learn.” Alternate translation: “Because they refused to learn to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	1	29	iu3z	figs-abstractnouns		0	did not choose the fear of Yahweh	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fear**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “did not fear Yahweh” or “did not honor and respect Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	1	30	h1ds			0	would not follow my instruction	Alternate translation: “would not accept my instruction” or “rejected my advice”
 PRO	1	31	nr9k			0	General Information:	Verse 33 ends wisdom’s statement that began in [Proverbs 1:22](../01/22.md).
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ PRO	8	6	a3zk			0	upright	proper or just
 PRO	8	7	s9bj	figs-synecdoche		0	my mouth speaks	Here “mouth” represents a person who speaks. Alternate translation: “I speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 PRO	8	7	f6mp			0	what is trustworthy	Alternate translation: “what people should believe”
 PRO	8	7	juy2	figs-synecdoche		0	wickedness is disgusting to my lips	Here “lips” represents a person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “wickedness is disgusting to me” or “saying wicked things would be disgusting to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-PRO	8	7	hz9e	figs-abstractnouns		0	wickedness	Here the abstract noun “wickedness” represents wicked speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	8	7	hz9e	figs-abstractnouns		0	wickedness	Here, **wickedness** represents wicked speech. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	8	8	am3k	figs-synecdoche		0	the words of my mouth	The “mouth” stands for the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “The things I teach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 PRO	8	8	btx5	figs-metaphor		0	nothing twisted	Twisting a message is a metaphor for changing a true message into a false one. Alternate translation: “nothing false” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	8	9	nn5r			0	straight	honest and clear
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ PRO	12	24	j53h	figs-metonymy		0	The hand of the diligent	“Hand” represents w
 PRO	12	24	ymw6	figs-metonymy		0	will be put to forced labor	“Forced labor” describes what a person must do who is not free to do what he wants. Alternate translation: “will become a slave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PRO	12	25	qts2			0	Anxiety	uneasy feeling of fear or dread, worry
 PRO	12	25	n82f	figs-metaphor		0	weighs him down	“Weighing down” represents the idea of putting a very heavy load on a person so he cannot move freely. This phrase means to make a person sad or depressed. Alternate translation: “causes him to become sad or depressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PRO	12	25	z6n9	figs-abstractnouns		0	but a good word makes him glad	The abstract noun “word” can be stated as the verb “speak.” Alternate translation: “but when others speak kindly to him, he is cheerful again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	12	25	z6n9	figs-abstractnouns		0	but a good word makes him glad	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **word**, you could express the same idea with the verb “speak.” Alternate translation: “but when others speak kindly to him, he is cheerful again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	12	27	gdt7			0	would not roast their own game	“Game” means animals caught and killed while hunting. And “roast” is a way of cooking food.
 PRO	12	27	vz9v			0	precious wealth	Alternate translation: “valuable treasure”
 PRO	13	intro	nh7k			0		# Proverbs 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 13 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
@@ -1249,13 +1249,13 @@ PRO	21	4	xvr4	figs-synecdoche		0	Haughty eyes	This is a synecdoche for a person
 PRO	21	4	gk4s	figs-synecdoche		0	proud heart	This is a synecdoche for a person who thinks he is better than others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 PRO	21	4	y68u	figs-metaphor		0	the lamp of the wicked	The things that help the wicked are spoken of as a lamp. Alternate translation: “the things that help a wicked person like a lamp helps to see in the dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	21	5	mmd8	figs-nominaladj		0	the diligent	This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “a diligent man” or “a man who works hard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
-PRO	21	5	xi4l	figs-abstractnouns		0	comes only to poverty	The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “only becomes poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	21	5	xi4l	figs-abstractnouns		0	comes only to poverty	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “only becomes poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	21	6	vsi8			0	Acquiring riches	Alternate translation: “Gaining wealth”
 PRO	21	6	bc5d	figs-metonymy		0	a lying tongue	The tongue is a metonym for the words a person uses the tongue to speak. Alternate translation: “speaking lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PRO	21	6	w3kd	figs-metaphor		0	a fleeting vapor	The writer likens the riches a person gains by lying to a mist that quickly goes away in the morning. Alternate translation: “a disappearing mist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	21	6	l9ag	figs-metaphor		0	a snare that kills	The writer speaks of the riches that a person gains by lying as if it were the bait in a hunter’s trap; the word “snare” is a metonym for the bait that attracts the animal into the snare. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PRO	21	7	zn7h	figs-personification		0	The violence of the wicked will drag them away	The writer speaks as though violence were a person who could drag other people away. God will punish wicked people who harm their innocent neighbors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-PRO	21	7	ce4f	figs-abstractnouns		0	violence of the wicked	The abstract noun “violence” refers to violent deeds or things people do to harm their innocent neighbors. The word “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “The violent actions of wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
+PRO	21	7	ce4f	figs-abstractnouns		0	violence of the wicked	Here, **violence** refers to violent deeds or things people do to harm their innocent neighbors. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **violence**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. The word **wicked** is a nominal adjective that refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “The violent actions of wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 PRO	21	7	i5j5	figs-explicit		0	drag them away	This phrase refers to dragging a net through water to catch fish. The wicked being destroyed by their own actions is spoken of as if their actions trapped them in a net like one would catch fish. AT “drag them away like fish” or “destroy them as easily as one catches fish in a net” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	21	8	qgr2	figs-idiom		0	The way of a guilty person is crooked	This compares the way one lives to a crooked road one may travel. This is also an idiom. Alternate translation: “The way a guilty person lives is crooked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	21	8	y9c2	figs-metaphor		0	crooked	Here “crooked” means bent or not straight. This is a metaphor for morally wrong. Alternate translation: “wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1275,7 +1275,7 @@ PRO	21	12	tem1	figs-metaphor		0	he brings wicked people to disaster	Here disaste
 PRO	21	13	uc5n	figs-idiom		0	The one who shuts his ears to the cry of the poor	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The one who will not listen when poor people ask for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PRO	21	13	iv38	figs-metonymy		0	he will not be answered	The word “answered” is a metonym for a person hearing another person ask for help and acting to help. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will do anything to help him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PRO	21	14	h1vz			0	appeases anger	Alternate translation: “makes an angry person feel better so he is no longer angry”
-PRO	21	15	p2ln	figs-abstractnouns		0	When justice is done	The abstract noun “justice” can be translated as a noun phrase. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When rulers do what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+PRO	21	15	p2ln	figs-abstractnouns		0	When justice is done	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a noun phrase. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When rulers do what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PRO	21	16	cj4z	figs-idiom		0	wanders from the way of understanding	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “no longer lives wisely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PRO	21	16	t6m2			0	he will rest in the assembly of the dead	Alternate translation: “he will remain in the assembly of dead spirits”
 PRO	21	18	mh2v	figs-metaphor		0	is ransom for	The word “ransom” is a metaphor for one person who takes the place of another person. Here the person who does what is wrong is punished instead of the person who does what is right. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1460,7 +1460,7 @@ PRO	24	2	dw7g	figs-synecdoche		0	their hearts	The words “their hearts” refer
 PRO	24	2	m8px	figs-synecdoche		0	their lips	The words “their lips” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 PRO	24	2	es5l			0	talk about trouble	Alternate translation: “talk about causing harm” or “talk about creating problems”
 PRO	24	3	f9id			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
-PRO	24	3	hiy4	figs-abstractnouns		0	Through wisdom a house is built	The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as an adjective. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to be wise if they are to build a good house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+PRO	24	3	hiy4	figs-abstractnouns		0	Through wisdom a house is built	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to be wise if they are to build a good house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PRO	24	3	q4cp	figs-abstractnouns		0	by understanding it is established	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to understand what is morally good and what is morally bad if they are to establish a house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PRO	24	3	mq3v	figs-metonymy		0	it is established	The word “established” means made stable and strong. The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, and the house being physically stable and strong is a metaphor for a family that lives in peace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	24	4	ry4y	figs-abstractnouns		0	By knowledge the rooms are filled	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to know what is precious and pleasant if they are to fill their rooms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -1513,7 +1513,7 @@ PRO	24	23	ci6n			0	a case at law	a situation that is brought before a judge in w
 PRO	24	24	lma6			0	Whoever says to the wicked person,…will be cursed by peoples and hated by nations	The word “nations” is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will curse whoever says to the wicked person,…, and the people of other nations will hate him”
 PRO	24	24	rfb9			0	the wicked person … a righteous person	This could mean: (1) people should never call any wicked person a righteous person or (2) no one should say of a person guilty of a crime that he is innocent. Alternate translation: “a person guilty of a crime … innocent”
 PRO	24	25	xwv5			0	will have delight	Alternate translation: “will be very happy”
-PRO	24	25	ufh1	figs-personification		0	gifts of goodness will come to them	Gifts are spoken of as if they were people who could move by themselves. The abstract noun “goodness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “people will give them good gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	24	25	ufh1	figs-personification		0	gifts of goodness will come to them	Gifts are spoken of as if they were people who could move by themselves. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **goodness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “people will give them good gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	24	25	uy7d			0	gifts of goodness	Alternate translation: “good things” or “blessings”
 PRO	24	26	sz6f	figs-idiom		0	gives a kiss on the lips	A kiss was a sign of respect and devotion in that culture. Alternate translation: “shows true friendship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PRO	24	28	u5rp	figs-metonymy		0	with your lips	The lips are a metonym for the words a person speaks. Alternate translation: “by what you say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -1646,7 +1646,7 @@ PRO	27	4	l3ui			0	cruelty	Alternate translation: “harshness”
 PRO	27	4	srl1	figs-metaphor		0	the flood of anger	“the destructiveness of anger.” Anger is spoken of here as if it were a powerful flood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	27	4	nh38	figs-rquestion		0	but who is able to stand before jealousy?	This question implies that no one can stand before jealousy. It can be reworded as a statement. Alternate translation: “but no one is able to stand before jealousy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 PRO	27	4	inj9	figs-metaphor		0	to stand before jealousy	Here standing represents being strong and resisting being harmed by a jealous person who attacks. Alternate translation: “to resist a jealous person” or “to remain strong when a jealous person attacks him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PRO	27	5	yva8	figs-abstractnouns		0	Better is an open rebuke	The abstract noun “rebuke” can be expressed with the verb “rebuke.” Alternate translation: “It is better to be openly rebuked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	27	5	yva8	figs-abstractnouns		0	Better is an open rebuke	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rebuke**, you could express the same idea with the verb “rebuke.” Alternate translation: “It is better to be openly rebuked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	27	5	pz3x	figs-abstractnouns		0	than hidden love	“than love that is not openly shown.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “than to be loved secretly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	27	6	d5v5	figs-metaphor		0	Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend	“The wounds that a friend causes are trustworthy.” The word “wounds” here represents the pain and sadness that a person feels when a friend rebukes or corrects him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	27	6	uw1k	figs-metonymy		0	Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend	The trustworthiness of a friend’s rebuke is spoken of as if the sadness that his rebuke causes is trustworthy. Alternate translation: “Though it causes sadness, a friend’s rebuke is trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -1714,14 +1714,14 @@ PRO	28	4	z1ah			0	forsake the law	Alternate translation: “forsake God’s law
 PRO	28	4	j98f	figs-metaphor		0	those who keep the law	To “keep the law” means to do what God’s law requires. Alternate translation: “those who obey God’s law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	28	4	whf7	figs-metaphor		0	fight against them	“struggle against them.” This means to strongly oppose or resist them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	28	5	pi7r	figs-gendernotations		0	Evil men	Here “men” means people in general. Alternate translation: “People who do evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
-PRO	28	5	t38q	figs-abstractnouns		0	do not understand justice	The abstract noun “justice” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “do not understand what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	28	5	t38q	figs-abstractnouns		0	do not understand justice	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “do not understand what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	28	5	k5mh	figs-metaphor		0	those who seek Yahweh	Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	28	5	ru6t	figs-explicit		0	understand everything	The implied information is that those who seek Yahweh understand all about justice. Alternate translation: “completely understand what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PRO	28	6	q4ty			0	It is better for a poor person … than for a rich person	Alternate translation: “It is better to be a poor person … than it is to be a rich person”
-PRO	28	6	pfi9	figs-metaphor		0	walks in his integrity	This represents a person living a life of integrity. The abstract noun “integrity” can be expressed as an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	28	6	pfi9	figs-metaphor		0	walks in his integrity	This represents a person living a life of integrity. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **integrity**, you could express the same idea with an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	28	6	jdf4	figs-metaphor		0	who is crooked in his ways	Rich people who are dishonest are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “who is not honest in what he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	28	7	b5pv	figs-metaphor		0	He who keeps the law	To “keep the law” means to do what God’s law requires. Alternate translation: “He who obeys God’s law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PRO	28	7	h42h	figs-abstractnouns		0	a son who has understanding	The abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a son who understands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	28	7	h42h	figs-abstractnouns		0	a son who has understanding	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “a son who understands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	28	7	rh6n			0	of gluttons	“of people who eat too much.” A “glutton” is a person who often eats and drinks excessively.
 PRO	28	7	q9hm			0	shames his father	Alternate translation: “puts his father to shame” or “dishonors his father”
 PRO	28	8	uef7			0	makes his fortune	Alternate translation: “increases his wealth”
@@ -1741,7 +1741,7 @@ PRO	28	10	tw7h	figs-metaphor		0	will fall into his own pit	“will fall into the
 PRO	28	10	yg55	figs-nominaladj		0	the blameless	This refers to blameless persons in general. Alternate translation: “blameless persons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 PRO	28	10	w756			0	will have a good inheritance	Alternate translation: “will inherit what is good”
 PRO	28	11	eg7v	figs-metaphor		0	be wise in his own eyes	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “be wise in his own thoughts” or “think he is wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-PRO	28	11	pj9j	figs-abstractnouns		0	who has understanding	The abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “who understands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	28	11	pj9j	figs-abstractnouns		0	who has understanding	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “who understands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	28	11	ynr5	figs-idiom		0	will find him out	This is an idiom that means the poor person will be able to determine whether or not the rich person is really wise. Alternate translation: “will see his true nature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PRO	28	12	qew3			0	When the righteous triumph	Alternate translation: “When righteous people succeed”
 PRO	28	12	zkn5	figs-idiom		0	when the wicked arise	This is an idiom that means when the wicked gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “when the wicked rise to power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -1751,7 +1751,7 @@ PRO	28	13	h8gm	figs-metaphor		0	hides his sins	“covers his sins.” This is th
 PRO	28	13	e7kw			0	will not prosper	Alternate translation: “will not succeed” or “will not advance”
 PRO	28	13	m9fz	figs-activepassive		0	the one who confesses them and forsakes them will be shown mercy	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will show mercy to the one who confesses and forsakes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PRO	28	14	nh5t	figs-activepassive		0	The one who always lives with reverence is blessed	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who always lives with reverence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-PRO	28	14	ffn2	figs-abstractnouns		0	lives with reverence	The abstract noun “reverence” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “lives a reverent life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	28	14	ffn2	figs-abstractnouns		0	lives with reverence	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **reverence**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “lives a reverent life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	28	14	ijf7			0	reverence	This refers to deeply respecting Yahweh and showing that respect by obeying him.
 PRO	28	14	ymm8			0	whoever hardens his heart	Alternate translation: “the one who hardens his heart”
 PRO	28	14	ebu1	figs-idiom		0	hardens his heart	This is an idiom that means to be stubborn or unwilling to obey God. Alternate translation: “refuses to obey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -1767,21 +1767,21 @@ PRO	28	17	v592			0	fugitive	a person who is running away to avoid being captured
 PRO	28	17	iz6w	figs-idiom		0	until death	“until he dies.” This means for the rest of his life. Alternate translation: “all of his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PRO	28	18	nhr1	figs-activepassive		0	Whoever walks with integrity will be kept safe	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God will keep safe anyone who walks with integrity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PRO	28	18	u4m5			0	Whoever	Alternate translation: “Anyone who”
-PRO	28	18	f45f	figs-metaphor		0	walks with integrity	This represents a person living a life of integrity. The abstract noun “integrity” can be expressed as an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	28	18	f45f	figs-metaphor		0	walks with integrity	This represents a person living a life of integrity. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **integrity**, you could express the same idea with an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	28	18	kvc6	figs-metaphor		0	the one whose way is crooked	A dishonest person is spoken of as if he walks on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “the one who does not live honestly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	28	18	x79a	figs-metaphor		0	will suddenly fall	What will happen to a dishonest person is spoken of as if he suddenly fell down. Alternate translation: “will suddenly be ruined” or “will suddenly perish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	28	19	dlk7			0	works his land	This means to till, sow, and care for his crops.
 PRO	28	19	uq9z			0	whoever follows	Alternate translation: “anyone who follows”
 PRO	28	19	t64p	figs-idiom		0	follows worthless pursuits	“chases after worthless projects.” The person who is busy doing things that do not produce anything is spoken of as chasing after useless things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-PRO	28	19	b8y8	figs-irony		0	will have plenty of poverty	The person following worthless pursuits is spoken of as getting the opposite of plenty of food. The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “will be very poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	28	19	b8y8	figs-irony		0	will have plenty of poverty	The person following worthless pursuits is spoken of as getting the opposite of plenty of food. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “will be very poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	28	20	ix4q	figs-litotes		0	the one who gets rich quickly will not go unpunished	The double negative “will not go unpunished” is used for emphasis. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will certainly punish the one who gets rich quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PRO	28	20	nt6p	figs-explicit		0	the one who gets rich quickly	The implied information is that this person gains wealth by unfaithful or dishonest means. Alternate translation: “the one who tries to get rich quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 PRO	28	21	kg9c	figs-hyperbole		0	for a piece of bread a man will do wrong	“A piece of bread” here is an exaggeration for a very small bribe or reward. Alternate translation: “a man will sin for very little gain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 PRO	28	21	phu7			0	do wrong	Alternate translation: “sin”
 PRO	28	22	v63d			0	A stingy man	“A selfish man.” This is a person who does not like to share his possessions or spend money.
 PRO	28	22	f7a8	figs-idiom		0	hurries after riches	The stingy man is spoken of as if he was chasing after wealth. Alternate translation: “is greedy for riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-PRO	28	22	mz2h	figs-idiom		0	poverty will come upon him	The result of being stingy is spoken of as if poverty was overtaking the stingy person. The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “he will suddenly become poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PRO	28	23	sr8r	figs-activepassive		0	Whoever disciplines someone, afterward will find more favor from him than from the one who flatters him with his tongue	This can be stated in active form, with the abstract noun “favor” being expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “A person will favor the one who disciplines him more than he favors the person who flatters him with his tongue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	28	22	mz2h	figs-idiom		0	poverty will come upon him	The result of being stingy is spoken of as if poverty was overtaking the stingy person. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he will suddenly become poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	28	23	sr8r	figs-activepassive		0	Whoever disciplines someone, afterward will find more favor from him than from the one who flatters him with his tongue	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **favor**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “A person will favor the one who disciplines him more than he favors the person who flatters him with his tongue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	28	23	q2x8			0	Whoever disciplines	Alternate translation: “If a person disciplines”
 PRO	28	23	hi86			0	disciplines	trains people to obey a set of guidelines for moral behavior
 PRO	28	23	k6hl	figs-metonymy		0	flatters him with his tongue	The tongue here represents speaking. Alternate translation: “flatters him with words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -1809,7 +1809,7 @@ PRO	29	1	rl7a	figs-metaphor		0	who stiffens his neck	A person becoming stubborn
 PRO	29	1	nb5z	figs-activepassive		0	will be broken in a moment	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will suddenly break him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PRO	29	1	y5ft	figs-metaphor		0	beyond healing	“and no one will be able to heal him.” Sickness is a metaphor for any kind of bad situation. Alternate translation: “and no one will be able to help him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	29	2	w7r2	figs-metonymy		0	the people sigh	The people let out long, loud breaths that show that they are weary and sad. Alternate translation: “the people will be weary and sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-PRO	29	4	v6du	figs-abstractnouns		0	by justice	The abstract noun “justice” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “by doing what is just” or “by making just laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	29	4	v6du	figs-abstractnouns		0	by justice	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “by doing what is just” or “by making just laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	29	5	x5x6			0	flatters his neighbor	knowingly tells his neighbor things that are not true so that the neighbor will do what the speaker wants him to do
 PRO	29	5	udx2	figs-metaphor		0	spreading a net for his feet	The writer compares the flattery of a person to setting that person up to being caught in a trap. Alternate translation: “setting a trap to catch that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	29	6	k8iq	figs-idiom		0	In the sin of an evil person is a trap	When an evil person sins, it is as if he is stepping into a trap. He desires to do evil to other people, but God will use what he does to punish him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -1927,8 +1927,8 @@ PRO	31	5	y3ds			0	pervert	exchange good for evil
 PRO	31	5	mdn6			0	all the afflicted	Alternate translation: “all those people whom others wrongfully harm”
 PRO	31	6	q63s	figs-ellipsis		0	and wine	The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “and give wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 PRO	31	6	i7g7			0	in bitter distress	Alternate translation: “who’s souls are bitter” or “who are in misery”
-PRO	31	7	f15v	figs-abstractnouns		0	his poverty	The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “how poor he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PRO	31	7	cb4b	figs-abstractnouns		0	his trouble	The abstract noun “trouble” can be translated as a clause. Alternate translation: “the bad things that are happening to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	31	7	f15v	figs-abstractnouns		0	his poverty	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “how poor he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	31	7	cb4b	figs-abstractnouns		0	his trouble	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **trouble**, you could express the same idea with a clause. Alternate translation: “the bad things that are happening to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	31	8	r3tl	figs-idiom		0	Speak for those who cannot speak	Speaking is a metonym for using words to defend innocent people. Alternate translation: “Defend those who cannot defend themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 PRO	31	8	mxp7	figs-metonymy		0	for the causes of all who are perishing	The cause represents the person whose cause it is. Alternate translation: “so that people will treat all who are perishing justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PRO	31	8	e1y9	figs-ellipsis		0	for the causes	The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “speak for the causes” or “speak out for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@@ -1958,7 +1958,7 @@ PRO	31	24	d6wi			0	linen	cloth made from flax yarn
 PRO	31	24	ghw5			0	sashes	long pieces of cloth worn around the waist or over one shoulder
 PRO	31	25	k3bi	figs-metaphor		0	She is clothed with strength and honor	Having strength and honor is spoken of as if the woman were wearing them. This can be translated in active form. The abstract nouns “strength” and “honor” can be translated by an adjective and a verb, respectively. Alternate translation: “Everyone can see that she is strong, and so they honor her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	31	25	a29g	figs-hyperbole		0	laughs at the time to come	This is probably an exaggeration to show that she is not afraid. Alternate translation: “is not afraid of what will happen in the future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
-PRO	31	26	lb6q	figs-metonymy		0	opens her mouth with wisdom	The act of opening her mouth is a metonym for speaking. The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as an adverb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “she speaks wisely” or “she speaks wise words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	31	26	lb6q	figs-metonymy		0	opens her mouth with wisdom	The act of opening her mouth is a metonym for speaking. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with an adverb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “she speaks wisely” or “she speaks wise words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	31	26	q9jl	figs-metonymy		0	the law of kindness is on her tongue	The phrase “on her tongue” refers to her speaking, as the tongue is part of the mouth. The phrase “the law of kindness” refers to her teaching people to be kind. Alternate translation: “she teaches people to be kind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PRO	31	27	uqe6	figs-metaphor		0	watches over the ways of her household	The word “ways” refers to the way people live. Alternate translation: “makes sure her whole family lives in a way that pleases God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 PRO	31	27	ynb8	figs-idiom		0	does not eat the bread of idleness	To “eat the bread of” something means to do something. Alternate translation: “she is not idle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -1966,8 +1966,8 @@ PRO	31	27	j79l			0	idleness	doing nothing and being lazy
 PRO	31	28	hq5u	figs-metonymy		0	rise up and	This could mean: (1) literally “stand up and” or (2) as a metonym, “actively.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 PRO	31	28	lqv2	figs-quotations		0	call her blessed	saying that good things have happened to her because she has done good things. This can be translated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “congratulate her” or “say, ‘Yay, Mom!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
 PRO	31	29	fl85			0	you surpassed	Alternate translation: “you have done better than”
-PRO	31	30	e8cj	figs-abstractnouns		0	Elegance is deceptive	The abstract noun “elegance” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “A gracious woman can deceive people” or “A woman with good manners could really be evil” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 11:16](../11/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-PRO	31	30	qcq1	figs-abstractnouns		0	beauty is vain	The abstract noun “beauty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “a woman who is beautiful now will not always be beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	31	30	e8cj	figs-abstractnouns		0	Elegance is deceptive	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **elegance**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “A gracious woman can deceive people” or “A woman with good manners could really be evil” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 11:16](../11/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+PRO	31	30	qcq1	figs-abstractnouns		0	beauty is vain	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **beauty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “a woman who is beautiful now will not always be beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 PRO	31	30	k9e4	figs-activepassive		0	she will be praised	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will praise her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 PRO	31	31	df11	figs-metaphor		0	the fruit of her hands	The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:16](./16.md). Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 PRO	31	31	ef6y	figs-metonymy		0	let her works praise her in the gates	She will be praised for her works, not by her works. Those “in the gates” are the important people of the city who conduct business and legal affairs near the gates of the city. Alternate translation: “may the important people of the city praise her because of the works she has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

en_tn_22-SNG.tsv

@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ SNG	3	7	u16s			0	warriors	men who fight
 SNG	3	8	mm7c	writing-background		0		A description of the bed itself begins in verse 9. You could use words in your language that show that this is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 SNG	3	8	v2yx			0	are experienced in warfare	Alternate translation: “can fight battles well”
 SNG	3	8	z9n4			0	armed against	Alternate translation: “so that he can fight against”
-SNG	3	8	jqy9	figs-abstractnouns		0	terrors of the night	The abstract noun “terrors” is a metonym for evil people who frighten others by attacking them. Alternate translation: “evil people who attack others at night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+SNG	3	8	jqy9	figs-abstractnouns		0	terrors of the night	Here, “terrors” is a metonym for evil people who frighten others by attacking them. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terrors**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “evil people who attack others at night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 SNG	3	9	nnm6			0	sedan chair	This is a chair or couch for important people to sit or lie on. It rests on long poles that people can use to carry it
 SNG	3	10	f5mj	writing-background		0		The description of the bed itself that began in [Song of Songs 3:9](./08.md) continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 SNG	3	10	w2at			0	Its posts	The word “its” refers to King Solomon’s sedan chair.

en_tn_23-ISA.tsv

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ ISA	1	11	r739	figs-rquestion		0	What is the multitude of your sacrifices to me?
 ISA	1	12	z32c	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Isaiah speaks Yahweh’s words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 ISA	1	12	p91g	figs-rquestion		0	who has required this of you, to trample my courts?	The word “trample” means to step on and crush with one’s feet. God is using a question to scold the people who live in Judah. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one told you to stomp around in my courtyards!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 ISA	1	13	a4yw			0	Bring no more meaningless offerings	Alternate translation: “Do not bring me any more of your worthless gifts”
-ISA	1	13	qg5t	figs-abstractnouns		0	incense is an abomination to me	Here the abstract noun “abomination” can expressed as the verb “hate.” Alternate translation: “I hate the incense the priests burn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	1	13	qg5t	figs-abstractnouns		0	incense is an abomination to me	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **abomination**, you could express the same idea with the verb “hate.” Alternate translation: “I hate the incense the priests burn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	1	13	y2mq			0	I cannot tolerate these wicked assemblies	This could mean: (1) “I cannot allow you to gather together because of the wicked things you do” or (2) “I cannot allow myself to watch you gather together because of the wicked things you do.”
 ISA	1	14	x2u9	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Isaiah speaks Yahweh’s words to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 ISA	1	14	u5nj	figs-metonymy		0	your new moons and your appointed feasts	The words “new moons” are a metonym for the celebrations of the new moon. They are also a synecdoche for all regular celebrations. Alternate translation: “your celebrations of the new moon and your other regular feasts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ ISA	2	9	vjx5			0	individuals	Alternate translation: “each person”
 ISA	2	9	rbg3	figs-metaphor		0	do not raise them up	The words “raise them up” are a metaphor for Yahweh forgiving the people. Alternate translation: “do not forgive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ISA	2	10	gxz3			0	Go into the rocky places	Possible meanings are the people should go into: (1) caves on steep hillsides or (2) places where there are many large rocks among which to hide.
 ISA	2	10	y6bc			0	hide in the ground	Possible meanings are that the people should hide: (1) in natural holes in the ground or (2) in pits that they dig in the ground.
-ISA	2	10	iv7d	figs-abstractnouns		0	from the terror of Yahweh	Here the abstract noun “terror” can be expressed by the verb “terrifying.” Alternate translation: “to get away from Yahweh’s terrifying presence” or “from Yahweh because you will be extremely afraid of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	2	10	iv7d	figs-abstractnouns		0	from the terror of Yahweh	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you could express the same idea with the verb “terrifying.” Alternate translation: “to get away from Yahweh’s terrifying presence” or “from Yahweh because you will be extremely afraid of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	2	10	sf9n			0	the glory of his majesty	“the great beauty and power he has as king” or “his royal splendor.” See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:10](../02/10.md).
 ISA	2	11	hp3l	figs-metaphor		0	The lofty gaze of man will be brought low	“Yahweh will bring down the lofty gaze of man.” A man with a “lofty gaze” is looking above everyone to show them that he is better than they are. Here all people are guilty of thinking they are better than Yahweh, and the way they look at those who worship Yahweh, is a metonym for their pride. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will make ashamed all people because they think they are better than he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ISA	2	11	i99t	figs-metonymy		0	the pride of men will be brought down	“The pride of men” here is a metonym for proud people, and being “brought down” is a metaphor for being humbled or ashamed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bring down proud men” or “Yahweh will make proud people ashamed of themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ ISA	2	15	y975			0	impregnable wall	Alternate translation: “wall that nothing c
 ISA	2	16	ns89			0	ships of Tarshish … beautiful sailing vessels	These refer to large boats that people used to travel far on the sea and bring back goods to the cities.
 ISA	2	16	a8gz			0	ships of Tarshish	Alternate translation: “ships on which they go to Tarshish”
 ISA	2	17	dx3l	figs-activepassive		0	The pride of man will be brought low	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will bring low every proud man” or “He will humiliate every proud man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ISA	2	17	sjb9	figs-abstractnouns		0	the haughtiness of men will fall	The abstract noun “haughtiness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those people who are haughty will stop being haughty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	2	17	sjb9	figs-abstractnouns		0	the haughtiness of men will fall	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **haughtiness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “those people who are haughty will stop being haughty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	2	17	ij1n	figs-activepassive		0	Yahweh alone will be exalted	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “people will praise only Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ISA	2	18	t75w			0	The idols will completely pass away	Alternate translation: “All idols will disappear” or “There will be no more idols”
 ISA	2	19	ii4y	figs-explicit		0	Men will go … from the terror	The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Men will go … to hide from the terror” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ ISA	5	7	dnz9	figs-parables		0	For the vineyard of Yahweh of hosts is the house o
 ISA	5	7	l82n	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ISA	5	7	rxv5	figs-metaphor		0	the man of Judah his pleasant planting	The people of Judah are spoken of as if they are a vine that Yahweh planted. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah are like a vine that Yahweh planted for Yahweh’s pleasure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 ISA	5	7	kmz3	figs-genericnoun		0	the man of Judah	Here “man” represents all the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
-ISA	5	7	ebr9	figs-abstractnouns		0	he waited for justice, but instead, there was killing	This can be changed so that the abstract noun “justice” can be expressed by the verb “do what is fair.” The abstract noun “killing” can be expressed as “killed one another.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh waited for the people to do what is fair, but instead they killed one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	5	7	ebr9	figs-abstractnouns		0	he waited for justice, but instead, there was killing	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with the verb “do what is fair.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **killing**, you could express the same idea with “killed one another.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh waited for the people to do what is fair, but instead they killed one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	5	7	dtn9	figs-ellipsis		0	for righteousness	The phrase “he waited” is understood from earlier in the verse. It can be repeated to make the meaning clear. Alternate translation: “He waited for righteousness” or “He waited for them to do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 ISA	5	7	hhv8	figs-ellipsis		0	instead, a shout for help	The words “there was” are understood from earlier in the verse. They can be repeated to make the meaning clear. The reason people shouted out for help can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “instead, there was a shout for help” or “instead, those who were weak shouted out for someone to help them because others were attacking them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ISA	5	7	s93f	figs-genericnoun		0	a shout	This expression probably stands for many shouts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ ISA	5	11	e3cu	figs-metaphor		0	until wine inflames them	Here the power of wine t
 ISA	5	12	uj2g			0	harp, lute, tambourine, flute, and wine	These musical instruments and the wine imply that the people enjoying these things are celebrating very much.
 ISA	5	12	rum8	translate-unknown		0	tambourine	A musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be beaten with the hand. It probably had pieces of metal around the side that sounded when the player shook it. The tambourine was small enough for the player to hold it and shake it with one hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
 ISA	5	12	er4f			0	considered	thought seriously about
-ISA	5	12	mpb9	figs-abstractnouns		0	the doings of his hands	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “doings” is expressed as the verb “done” or “created.” Alternate translation: “what he has done” or “what he has created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	5	12	mpb9	figs-abstractnouns		0	the doings of his hands	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **doings**, you could express the same idea with the verb “done” or “created.” Alternate translation: “what he has done” or “what he has created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	5	12	d7ca	figs-synecdoche		0	the doings of his hands	Here the metonym “hands” represents the person who has done something. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 ISA	5	13	sd2g			0	General Information:	These verses tell what will happen to the people because they have disobeyed God.
 ISA	5	13	e8j7	figs-pastforfuture		0	my people have gone into captivity	In prophecy things that will happen in the future are often referred to as if they had already happened. This emphasizes that the prophecy will certainly come true. Alternate translation: “enemies from other countries will take my people, Israel, as slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ ISA	7	20	y3tv	figs-metaphor		0	the head … the hair of the legs … the beard	I
 ISA	7	20	tyl9	figs-metonymy		0	the head	Here “the head” represents the hair that grows on it. Alternate translation: “the hair on the head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ISA	7	20	tkw6	figs-euphemism		0	the hair of the legs	This could mean: (1) this is a polite way to speak of the hair on the lower body or (2) this speaks of the hair on the legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
 ISA	7	20	a1pl			0	it will also sweep	If your language requires a person to be the subject of “will … sweep,” you can say, “the Lord will also sweep.” Alternate translation: “the razor will also sweep”
-ISA	7	22	tsx4	figs-abstractnouns		0	because of the abundance of milk which they shall give	The abstract noun “abundance” can be translated as a clause. Alternate translation: “because they will give so much milk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	7	22	tsx4	figs-abstractnouns		0	because of the abundance of milk which they shall give	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **abundance**, you could express the same idea with a clause. Alternate translation: “because they will give so much milk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	7	23	b3ry	translate-numbers		0	there were a thousand vines … briers and thorns	“there were 1,000 vines.” That is, when Isaiah wrote, there were vineyards, in some of which were 1,000 vines or more each. He says that these vineyards will become full of briers and thorns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
 ISA	7	23	y1fr	translate-numbers		0	a thousand silver shekels	“1,000 silver shekels.” A shekel is a silver coin worth 4 days wage. Alternate translation: “1,000 silver coins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
 ISA	7	23	hu8n	figs-doublet		0	briers and thorns	The words “briers” and “thorns” both refer to useless, thorny plants. It is not necessary to translate both words. Alternate translation: “thorn bushes” or “brier bushes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ ISA	10	14	yer6	figs-simile		0	None fluttered their wings or opened their mouth o
 ISA	10	15	kg69	figs-rquestion		0	Will the ax boast about itself against the one who wields it? Will the saw praise itself more than the one who cuts with it?	The speaker uses these questions to mock the king of Assyria. Alternate translation: “An ax cannot boast that it is better than the one who holds it. And a saw does not get more glory than the one who cuts with it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 ISA	10	15	l68v			0	the saw	a sharp tool used for cutting wood
 ISA	10	15	e8a7	figs-parallelism		0	It is as if a rod could lift up those who raise it, or as if a wooden club could lift up a person	These phrases mean basically the same thing and are used to strengthen the meaning of the two questions before it. This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “And neither can a rod or staff lift the person who picks it up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
-ISA	10	16	n3zs	figs-abstractnouns		0	Therefore the Lord Yahweh of hosts will send emaciation among his elite warriors	It is unclear whether Yahweh or Isaiah is speaking. This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “emaciation” is expressed as the verb “make weak.” Alternate translation: “Therefore I, Lord Yahweh of hosts, will make the king’s strongest soldiers weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	10	16	n3zs	figs-abstractnouns		0	Therefore the Lord Yahweh of hosts will send emaciation among his elite warriors	It is unclear whether Yahweh or Isaiah is speaking. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **emaciation**, you could express the same idea with the verb “make weak.” Alternate translation: “Therefore I, Lord Yahweh of hosts, will make the king’s strongest soldiers weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	10	16	h9uv	figs-simile		0	under his glory there will be kindled a burning like fire	Yahweh compares his punishment to a fire. This emphasizes that his punishment will completely destroy all the splendor and greatness of the kingdom of Assyria. Alternate translation: “I will destroy his greatness as if I were starting a fire to burn everything he is proud of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 ISA	10	17	xf7a	figs-metaphor		0	The light of Israel will become a fire	The phrase “light of Israel” refers to Yahweh. It is unclear whether Yahweh or Isaiah is speaking. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, the light of Israel, will become like a fire, able to destroy everyone that does not honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ISA	10	17	x81s			0	his Holy One a flame	“I, Yahweh, the Holy one of Israel, will become like a flame.” See how you translated “Holy One” in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md).
@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ ISA	10	33	fn7x			0	Behold	This can be translated as “Look” or “Listen” o
 ISA	10	33	a8t9			0	Yahweh of hosts	See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md).
 ISA	10	33	bh4r	figs-metaphor		0	will lop off the boughs … the lofty will be brought low	Isaiah speaks of the army of Assyria as if it were the tall trees in Lebanon. God will destroy the army like people cutting down the mighty trees of Lebanon. This emphasizes that though the army is strong, God has the power to destroy it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ISA	10	33	qb4e	figs-metaphor		0	will lop off the boughs	“will cut off the big branches of the trees.” In order to make it clear that this refers to the army of Assyria, it can be translated as a simile: He will destroy the army of Assyria like strong men cutting off the big branches of trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ISA	10	33	xxu4	figs-abstractnouns		0	with a terrifying crash	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “crash” is expressed as the verb “make a noise.” Alternate translation: “and the branches will crash down on the ground and make a terrifying noise” or “and the branches will fall to the ground with a very loud noise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	10	33	xxu4	figs-abstractnouns		0	with a terrifying crash	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **crash**, you could express the same idea with the verb “make a noise.” Alternate translation: “and the branches will crash down on the ground and make a terrifying noise” or “and the branches will fall to the ground with a very loud noise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	10	33	jg1h	figs-activepassive		0	the tallest trees will be cut down	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will cut down the tallest trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ISA	10	33	uza4	figs-metaphor		0	the tallest trees	This is a metaphor for “the strongest soldiers.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ISA	10	33	n2ts	figs-activepassive		0	the lofty will be brought low	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will bring down the lofty people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ ISA	11	16	b1xk			0	in their coming up from the land of Egypt	Alternate translati
 ISA	12	intro	x9cy			0		# Isaiah 12 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “That day”<br>The time of this day is unclear. It may be a time in the near future for Isaiah, or a time in the distant future for him. In the latter case, it would reference the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Tense<br>Extra care must be taken in translating the tense of this chapter. The author talks about the future, but frequently changes to speak in the present tense. Some languages will have difficulty speaking in this way.
 ISA	12	1	b681	figs-explicit		0	On that day	It can be stated clearly what time is being referred to. Alternate translation: “At that time” or “When the king rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ISA	12	1	cgh8	figs-personification		0	your wrath has turned away	God’s wrath is spoken of as if it were a person that could turn away and leave. It means that God has stopped being angry. Alternate translation: “You are no longer angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-ISA	12	2	il35	figs-metaphor		0	God is my salvation	God causing someone’s salvation is spoken of as if God were that salvation. The abstract noun “salvation” can be expressed with the noun “savior” or the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “God causes my salvation” or “God is my savior” or “God is the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	12	2	il35	figs-metaphor		0	God is my salvation	God causing someone’s salvation is spoken of as if God were that salvation. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with the noun “savior” or the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “God causes my salvation” or “God is my savior” or “God is the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	12	2	g2h1	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh is my strength	God causing someone to be strong is spoken of as if Yahweh were their strength. Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes me strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ISA	12	2	d9eg	figs-metaphor		0	song	The word “song” here represents what a person sings about. Alternate translation: “the one I joyfully sing about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ISA	12	2	bt8a			0	He has become my salvation	Alternate translation: “He has saved me”
@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ ISA	13	8	f5tf	figs-metaphor		0	like a woman in labor	Being in labor represents g
 ISA	13	8	ixg7	figs-metaphor		0	their faces will be aflame	Their faces being hot and red is spoken of as if they were burning. Possible reasons for their faces being hot are: (1) the people are very afraid or (2) the people feel ashamed or (3) the people cry. Alternate translation: “their faces will be hot and red” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ISA	13	9	wx9a	figs-metaphor		0	the day of Yahweh comes with cruel wrath and overflowing anger	The day coming with wrath and anger means that there will be wrath and anger on that day. The abstract nouns “wrath” and “anger” can be expressed with the adjectives “furious” and “angry.” Alternate translation: “on the day of Yahweh, he will be furious and extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 ISA	13	9	g4nq	figs-metaphor		0	overflowing anger	Anger here is spoken of as if the one who is angry is a container filled with anger. Overflowing anger means that he is extremely angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ISA	13	9	i8e4	figs-abstractnouns		0	to make the land a desolation	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “desolation” is expressed with the verb “ruin.” Alternate translation: “to ruin the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	13	9	i8e4	figs-abstractnouns		0	to make the land a desolation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you could express the same idea with the verb “ruin.” Alternate translation: “to ruin the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	13	10	d93q			0	The stars of heaven and the constellations	Alternate translation: “The stars in the sky”
 ISA	13	10	njr5	figs-idiom		0	will not give their light	Giving light represents “shining.” Alternate translation: “will not shine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ISA	13	10	mgq5	figs-activepassive		0	The sun will be darkened	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will darken the sun” or “The sun will be dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -864,8 +864,8 @@ ISA	14	19	s24w	figs-metonymy		0	those pierced by the sword	This describes “the
 ISA	14	19	vwg8			0	who go down to the stones of the pit	The pit refers either to hell, or to a large hole in the ground where many dead bodies are simply dumped.
 ISA	14	20	p1jq	figs-metaphor		0	You will not join them in burial	The word “them” refers to the other kings who died and were buried properly. Joining them in burial represents being buried as they were. Alternate translation: “you will never be buried as other kings were buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ISA	14	20	dax2	figs-activepassive		0	The offspring of evildoers will never be mentioned again	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will ever speak again about the descendants of evildoers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-ISA	14	21	m117	figs-abstractnouns		0	Prepare your slaughter for his children	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “slaughter” is expressed with the verb “kill.” Alternate translation: “Get ready to kill the children of the king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-ISA	14	21	usu5	figs-abstractnouns		0	for the iniquity of their ancestors	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “iniquity” is expressed as the verb “sinned greatly.” Alternate translation: “because their forefathers have sinned greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	14	21	m117	figs-abstractnouns		0	Prepare your slaughter for his children	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **slaughter**, you could express the same idea with the verb “kill.” Alternate translation: “Get ready to kill the children of the king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	14	21	usu5	figs-abstractnouns		0	for the iniquity of their ancestors	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **iniquity**, you could express the same idea with the verb “sinned greatly.” Alternate translation: “because their forefathers have sinned greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	14	21	dsj6	figs-metonymy		0	so they will not rise up	Here “rise up” represents either becoming powerful or attacking. Alternate translation: “so they will not become powerful” or “so they will not attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ISA	14	21	urm2	figs-metaphor		0	possess the earth	This represents taking control of the people on the earth, in this case by conquering them. Alternate translation: “take control of the peoples on the earth” or “conquer the peoples on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ISA	14	21	pdw1	figs-metaphor		0	fill the whole world with cities	This represents causing the world to have many cities on it. Alternate translation: “build cities all over the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -921,7 +921,7 @@ ISA	15	4	e3i9	figs-metonymy		0	they tremble within themselves	Physical trembling
 ISA	15	5	k79u	figs-synecdoche		0	My heart cries out for Moab	Here God is represented by his “heart” which emphasizes his emotions. God speaks of his great sadness as if his heart cried out. Alternate translation: “I am extremely sad about what is happening to Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ISA	15	5	ubi2			0	her fugitives flee	“the fugitives from Moab will flee.” A fugitive is a person who runs away so that his enemy will not capture him.
 ISA	15	5	nqe8	translate-names		0	Zoar … Eglath Shelishiyah … Luhith … Horonaim	These are names of cities and towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
-ISA	15	5	y7d7	figs-abstractnouns		0	over their destruction	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “destruction” is expressed as the verb “destroyed.” Alternate translation: “because their city is destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	15	5	y7d7	figs-abstractnouns		0	over their destruction	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with the verb “destroyed.” Alternate translation: “because their city is destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	15	6	yr4r	translate-names		0	Nimrim	This is the name of a city or town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 ISA	15	7	t1qa			0	The abundance	Alternate translation: “Everything”
 ISA	15	7	cqq1			0	brook of the poplars	This may refer to the river at the southern border of Moab.
@@ -1045,7 +1045,7 @@ ISA	19	2	usw7	figs-metonymy		0	kingdom against kingdom	The word “kingdom” re
 ISA	19	3	k6nj	figs-personification		0	The spirit of Egypt will be weakened from within. I will destroy his advice	The nation of Egypt is spoken of here as if it was a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 ISA	19	3	h9az	figs-activepassive		0	The spirit of Egypt will be weakened from within	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “I will weaken the spirit of Egypt from within” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ISA	19	3	t2yv			0	I will destroy his advice, though they sought the advice of … spiritualists	Alternate translation: “They sought the advice of … spiritualists, but that will do them no good. It will not stop me from destroying his advice”
-ISA	19	3	j1kh	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will destroy his advice	This could mean: (1) Yahweh will cause the advice that he gives to be ineffective or (2) Yahweh will cause him to be unable to give any advice. This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “advice” is expressed as the verb “advise.” Alternate translation: “I will confuse those who advise the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	19	3	j1kh	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will destroy his advice	This could mean: (1) Yahweh will cause the advice that he gives to be ineffective or (2) Yahweh will cause him to be unable to give any advice. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **advice**, you could express the same idea with the verb “advise.” Alternate translation: “I will confuse those who advise the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	19	3	cz3n			0	mediums … spiritualists	These are people who claim to speak with those who have died.
 ISA	19	4	e7zd	figs-metonymy		0	I will give the Egyptians into the hand of a harsh master	Here “hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “I will give the Egyptians over to the control of a harsh master” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 ISA	19	4	f37v	figs-123person		0	this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh of hosts	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Translate as in [Isaiah 3:15](../03/15.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@@ -1411,7 +1411,7 @@ ISA	26	16	q3db	figs-abstractnouns		0	when your discipline was on them	If your la
 ISA	26	17	w2a9	figs-simile		0	As a pregnant woman … cries out in her labor pains	This compares the people to a woman giving birth. This emphasizes their suffering and crying when Yahweh disciplined them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 ISA	26	18	j8g2	figs-simile		0	but it is as if we have only given birth to wind	“but it is as if we have only given birth to air” or “it is like we gave birth to nothing.” This is a simile that emphasizes that the people’s suffering resulted in nothing. Alternate translation: “but nothing good resulted from it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 ISA	26	18	qd8n	figs-metonymy		0	We have not brought salvation to the earth, and the inhabitants of the world have not fallen	Here “earth” represents the people who live on the earth. The meaning is unclear, but it seems to mean that the people of Israel have not been able to save themselves or other people by defeating their enemy in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-ISA	26	18	v5pe	figs-abstractnouns		0	We have not brought salvation to the earth	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “salvation” is expressed as the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “We have not saved the inhabitants of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	26	18	v5pe	figs-abstractnouns		0	We have not brought salvation to the earth	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “We have not saved the inhabitants of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	26	18	il5k			0	and the inhabitants of the world have not fallen	Alternate translation: “nor have we caused the wicked people of the world to fall in battle”
 ISA	26	19	tuj5	figs-nominaladj		0	Your dead will live	This can be reworded so that the nominal adjective “dead” is expressed as the verb “have died.” Alternate translation: “Your people who have died will live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 ISA	26	19	ak1f			0	Your dead	This could mean: (1) “Your” refers to Yahweh or (2) “Your” refers to the people of Israel. If you choose option two you could translate it as “Our dead.”
@@ -1422,7 +1422,7 @@ ISA	26	19	gnz9			0	for your dew	This could mean: (1) “your” refers to Yahweh
 ISA	26	19	m8v6			0	dew of light	This could mean: (1) “light” refers to Yahweh’s power to make dead people alive again. Alternate translation: “dew from Yahweh” or (2) “light” refers to the morning time when dew is on the plants. Alternate translation: “dew in the morning”
 ISA	26	19	gb4p	figs-metaphor		0	the earth will bring forth its dead	“the earth will give birth to those who died.” Yahweh causing dead people to come back to life is spoken of as if the earth would give birth to those who have died. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will cause those who have died to rise from the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ISA	26	20	z699			0	my people	Here “my” refers to Isaiah. Also “people” refers to the people of Israel.
-ISA	26	20	k2ad	figs-abstractnouns		0	until the indignation has passed by	Translate the abstract noun “indignation” as the adjective “angry.” Alternate translation: “until Yahweh is no longer angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	26	20	k2ad	figs-abstractnouns		0	until the indignation has passed by	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **indignation**, you could express the same idea with the adjective “angry.” Alternate translation: “until Yahweh is no longer angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	26	21	rcq2	figs-personification		0	the earth will uncover her bloodshed, and will no longer conceal her slain	Yahweh revealing all murders that have happened on the earth so that he can punish the murderers is spoken of as if the earth itself will reveal everyone who has been murdered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 ISA	27	intro	p2zg			0		# Isaiah 27 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Leviathan<br>This was an ancient type of dragon or serpent. It is possible that this is a reference to Satan, who is also described as a serpent and a dragon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “That day”<br>This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the Messiah will reign. This chapter pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator should not add explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]])
 ISA	27	1	u82j			0	On that day	Alternate translation: “At that time”
@@ -1438,7 +1438,7 @@ ISA	27	4	v9e5	figs-metaphor		0	that there were briers and thorns	The enemies of
 ISA	27	4	tw3t			0	briers and thorns	See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 5:6](../05/06.md).
 ISA	27	4	bic8	figs-metaphor		0	In battle I would march against them	Yahweh fighting his enemies is spoken of as if he were a warrior in an army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ISA	27	4	ij4d	figs-metaphor		0	I would march against them; I would burn them all together	Here Isaiah combines different images to speak of Yahweh’s enemies. He speaks of them as if they are briers and thorns but also as soldiers in an army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ISA	27	5	j31l	figs-abstractnouns		0	unless they grasp my protection	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “protection” is expressed as the verb “protect.” Alternate translation: “unless they ask me to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	27	5	j31l	figs-abstractnouns		0	unless they grasp my protection	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **protection**, you could express the same idea with the verb “protect.” Alternate translation: “unless they ask me to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	27	5	je5d			0	make peace with me; let them make peace with me	Alternate translation: “they ask to live peacefully with me; I want them to live peacefully with me”
 ISA	27	6	cx3i	figs-metaphor		0	In the coming day	This speaks about a day as if it travels and arrives somewhere. Alternate translation: “In the future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ISA	27	6	f8jg	figs-metaphor		0	Jacob will take root; Israel will blossom and bud	Yahweh blessing the people of Israel and causing them to prosper is spoken of as if they were a vine that grows roots and blossoms. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Israel will prosper like a vine that has taken root and blossomed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1502,7 +1502,7 @@ ISA	28	9	t6vi	figs-rquestion		0	To those who are weaned from milk or to those ju
 ISA	28	10	fb5v			0	For it is command upon command, command upon command; rule upon rule, rule upon rule; here a little, there a little	The drunk prophets and priests criticize Isaiah because they feel that Isaiah is repeating simple commands as if he were talking to a child.
 ISA	28	11	hfl6	figs-synecdoche		0	with mocking lips and a foreign tongue he will speak to this people	Here “lips” and “tongue” represent the foreigners who speak a different language than the Israelites do. It is implied that this refers to the Assyrian army that will attack Israel. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will speak to this people through enemy soldiers who will speak a foreign language” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ISA	28	11	kb8u			0	mocking lips	Alternate translation: “stammering lips”
-ISA	28	12	gkx1	figs-abstractnouns		0	This is the rest	The abstract noun “rest” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “This is the resting place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	28	12	gkx1	figs-abstractnouns		0	This is the rest	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rest**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “This is the resting place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	28	12	se68	figs-abstractnouns		0	give rest to him who is weary	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rest**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “let whoever is tired come and rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	28	12	v7ew	figs-abstractnouns		0	this is the refreshing	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **refreshing**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “this is the place where you can be refreshed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	28	13	z6r4			0	So the word of Yahweh	Alternate translation: “So Yahweh’s message”
@@ -1542,7 +1542,7 @@ ISA	28	21	l963	figs-doublet		0	his strange work … his strange deed	These two p
 ISA	28	22	w3au			0	Now	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
 ISA	28	22	upp3	figs-metaphor		0	your bonds will be tightened	Yahweh punishing the people even more severely is spoken of as if he would tighten their bonds. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will tighten your bonds” or “Yahweh will punish you even more severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ISA	28	22	tpu3			0	Yahweh of hosts	See how you translated this in [Isaiah 1:9](../01/09.md).
-ISA	28	22	fdu9	figs-abstractnouns		0	a decree of destruction on the earth	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “destruction” is expressed as the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “that he is going to destroy people throughout the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	28	22	fdu9	figs-abstractnouns		0	a decree of destruction on the earth	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “that he is going to destroy people throughout the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	28	23	bjv1	figs-parables		0	General Information:	This begins a parable that ends in 28:29. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
 ISA	28	23	twz5	figs-parallelism		0	Pay attention and listen to my voice; be attentive and listen to my words	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second phrase is used to strengthen the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 ISA	28	23	lsh4	figs-metonymy		0	to my voice	Here “voice” represents what Isaiah says. Alternate translation: “to what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -1629,10 +1629,10 @@ ISA	29	24	uc4z	figs-explicit		0	complainers will learn knowledge	This can be mad
 ISA	30	intro	e211			0		# Isaiah 30 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>This chapter continues the series of “woes” against specific nations. It presents judgments against the people of Ephraim and Judah when they desired to make an alliance with Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Negev<br>This is an area between Egypt and Judah. The people would have had to travel though it in order to get to Egypt. No one really lived in this area and it was known to be very dangerous.<br><br>### Trust<br>The people were to trust in Yahweh. Only he could provide them with protection. The people were punished for their lack of trust when they were in trouble, but Yahweh only required that they trust him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “That day”<br>This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. The chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the Messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]])
 ISA	30	1	e6vd	figs-metaphor		0	the rebellious children	Yahweh speaks about his people as if they were his children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ISA	30	1	dq2r	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
-ISA	30	1	cu63	figs-abstractnouns		0	They make plans, but not from me	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “plans” can be stated as the verb “plan.” Alternate translation: “They plan to do things, but they do not ask me what I want them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	30	1	cu63	figs-abstractnouns		0	They make plans, but not from me	This can be reworded so that If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **plans**, you could express the same idea with the verb “plan.” Alternate translation: “They plan to do things, but they do not ask me what I want them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	30	1	vep2	figs-activepassive		0	but they were not directed by my Spirit	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but my Spirit did not direct them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ISA	30	1	sdp8	figs-metaphor		0	they add sin to sin	Continuing to sin is spoken of as if sins were objects that could be stacked on one another. Alternate translation: “they continue to sin more and more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ISA	30	2	ed8h	figs-abstractnouns		0	They seek protection from Pharaoh	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “protection” is expressed as the verb “protect.” Alternate translation: “They ask Pharaoh to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	30	2	ed8h	figs-abstractnouns		0	They seek protection from Pharaoh	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **protection**, you could express the same idea with the verb “protect.” Alternate translation: “They ask Pharaoh to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	30	2	k8ag	figs-metaphor		0	take refuge in the shadow of Egypt	Egypt’s protection from enemy armies is spoken of as if it were a shadow that protects someone from the burning heat of the sun. Alternate translation: “they rely on the Egyptians to keep them safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ISA	30	3	frg3	figs-abstractnouns		0	Therefore Pharaoh’s protection will be your shame, and the refuge in Egypt’s shade, your humiliation	This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns “protection,” “shame,” and “humiliation” are expressed as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “Therefore you will be ashamed because you relied on Pharaoh to protect you; you will be humiliated because you relied on the Egyptians to keep you safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	30	3	z473	figs-metaphor		0	the refuge in Egypt’s shade	Egypt’s protection from enemy armies is spoken of as if it were a shadow that protects someone from the burning heat of the sun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1660,7 +1660,7 @@ ISA	30	12	t871	figs-123person		0	lean on it	Here the word “it” refers to “
 ISA	30	12	km37	figs-idiom		0	lean on	This is an idiom that means to trust or rely on something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 ISA	30	13	f58j	figs-simile		0	so this sin will be to you like a broken part … in an instant	This simile means that God will destroy the people of Judah suddenly because of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 ISA	30	13	rwu8	figs-ellipsis		0	like a broken part ready to fall	It is understood that this is a broken part of a wall. Alternate translation: “like a broken part of a wall that is ready to fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-ISA	30	13	c7k8	figs-abstractnouns		0	whose fall will happen suddenly	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “fall” is expressed as the verb “fall.” Alternate translation: “that will suddenly fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	30	13	c7k8	figs-abstractnouns		0	whose fall will happen suddenly	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fall**, you could express the same idea with the verb “fall.” Alternate translation: “that will suddenly fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	30	13	m5ka	figs-doublet		0	suddenly, in an instant	These mean the same thing and emphasize how quickly the wall will fall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 ISA	30	14	b2im			0	General Information:	Isaiah describes how Yahweh will destroy the people of Judah ([Isaiah 30:12-13](./12.md)).
 ISA	30	14	amd2	figs-metaphor		0	He will break it	Here “it” refers to the part in the wall that is about to fall. The part in the wall is a metaphor that represents the people of Judah and their sin mentioned in [Isaiah 30:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1827,7 +1827,7 @@ ISA	33	5	bu33			0	General Information:	Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah.
 ISA	33	5	f7z4	figs-activepassive		0	Yahweh is exalted	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is greater than anyone else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 ISA	33	5	gk4n	figs-metaphor		0	He will fill Zion with justice and righteousness	This speaks of Yahweh ruling Zion with his justice and righteousness as if he were filling Zion with justice and righteousness. Alternate translation: “He will rule Zion with justice and righteousness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ISA	33	6	gy6i	figs-metaphor		0	He will be the stability in your times	This speaks of Yahweh causing his people to be secure as if he were the stability himself. The phrase “your times” refers to their lives. Alternate translation: “He will make you secure all your lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-ISA	33	6	fe6y	figs-ellipsis		0	abundance of salvation, wisdom, and knowledge	This refers to the things that Yahweh will give to them. The abstract noun “salvation” can be expressed with the verb “save.” The abstract nouns “wisdom” and “knowledge” can be expressed with adjectives. Alternate translation: “and he will give you an abundance of salvation, wisdom, and knowledge” or “he will save you and cause you to be very wise and knowledgeable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	33	6	fe6y	figs-ellipsis		0	abundance of salvation, wisdom, and knowledge	This refers to the things that Yahweh will give to them. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with the verb “save.” The abstract nouns “wisdom” and “knowledge” can be expressed with adjectives. Alternate translation: “and he will give you an abundance of salvation, wisdom, and knowledge” or “he will save you and cause you to be very wise and knowledgeable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	33	6	p3md	figs-metaphor		0	the fear of Yahweh is his treasure	This speaks of fearing Yahweh as if it were a treasure that Yahweh gives his people. Alternate translation: “revering Yahweh will be like a valuable treasure that he will give to you” or “to fear Yahweh will be as valuable to you as a treasure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ISA	33	7	f6lb			0	Look	This word is used here to draw peoples’ attention to what is said next. It is also used here to mark a new section in the book. Alternate translation: “Listen”
 ISA	33	7	e9rq			0	envoys	messengers
@@ -2544,7 +2544,7 @@ ISA	46	10	ew3c	figs-parallelism		0	I announce the end from the beginning, and be
 ISA	46	11	f49l	figs-metaphor		0	I call a bird of prey from the east	Yahweh speaks of Cyrus as if he were “a bird of prey.” As a bird swiftly captures its prey, so Cyrus will swiftly accomplish Yahweh’s purpose to conquer the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 ISA	46	11	yfg8	figs-parallelism		0	I have spoken; I will also accomplish it; I have purposed, I will also do it.	This repeats the same idea for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 ISA	46	12	cq6x	figs-metaphor		0	who are far from doing what is right	Yahweh speaks of the people stubbornly doing wrong as if they were physically far away from doing the right thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-ISA	46	13	ykp7	figs-personification		0	my salvation does not wait	Yahweh speaks of saving his people soon as if his salvation were a person who does not wait to act. The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “I will not wait to save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+ISA	46	13	ykp7	figs-personification		0	my salvation does not wait	Yahweh speaks of saving his people soon as if his salvation were a person who does not wait to act. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **salvation**, you could express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “I will not wait to save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 ISA	47	intro	ss9a			0		# Isaiah 47 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Babylon<br>This chapter prophesied the destruction of Babylon. At the time that the prophesy was written, Assyria was still in power and Babylon had not yet become a world power. The Chaldeans were not yet a powerful nation either. The people of Judah would become servants or slaves of Babylon and be forced to work very hard. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
 ISA	47	1	h2n7	figs-metaphor		0	General Information:	In this chapter, Yahweh speaks to Babylon about her downfall as if she were a queen who is humiliated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 ISA	47	1	qpl4	figs-parallelism		0	sit in the dust, virgin daughter of Babylon; sit on the ground … daughter of the Chaldeans.	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Sitting in the dust was a sign of humiliation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

en_tn_24-JER.tsv

@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ JER	6	13	eyw7	figs-merism		0	that from the least to the greatest, all of them ar
 JER	6	13	vs6m	figs-nominaladj		0	the least	This refers to the least powerful and least important people. Alternate translation: “the least powerful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 JER	6	13	gwi1	figs-nominaladj		0	the greatest	This refers to the most powerful and most important people. Alternate translation: “the greatest people” or “the most powerful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 JER	6	13	vdj4			0	all of them	Alternate translation: “all of the people of Israel”
-JER	6	13	qw1u	figs-abstractnouns		0	are greedy for dishonest gain	The abstract noun “gain” can be expressed with the phrases “get more money” or “get more things.” Alternate translation: “want to get more money by lying to people” or “strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	6	13	qw1u	figs-abstractnouns		0	are greedy for dishonest gain	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **gain**, you could express the same idea with the phrases “get more money” or “get more things.” Alternate translation: “want to get more money by lying to people” or “strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	6	13	b8dn			0	all of them practice deceit	Alternate translation: “all of them deceive people” or “all of them are liars”
 JER	6	14	it97	figs-metaphor		0	They have healed the wounds of my people lightly	This could mean: (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They acts as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JER	6	14	kz57	figs-metaphor		0	They have healed the wounds … lightly	Here “lightly” represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ JER	6	24	l8gs			0	our hands fall limp in distress	Alternate translation: “our
 JER	6	24	d28c	figs-metaphor		0	Anguish seizes us	Feeling great anguish is spoken of as if the anguish grabs them. Alternate translation: “We feel terrible anguish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JER	6	24	b25e	figs-simile		0	as a woman giving birth	The anguish that they feel because the enemy coming to attack them is compared to the anguish that a woman feels when she is about to give birth to a baby. Alternate translation: “like a woman who is about to give birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 JER	6	25	k3f1			0	General Information:	Jeremiah speaks to the people of Jerusalem. Some versions interpret this as Yahweh speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
-JER	6	25	n3uk	figs-metonymy		0	for the swords of the enemy and terror are all around	The phrase “swords of the enemy” represents the enemy with their swords ready to attack. The abstract noun “terror” refers to things that cause people to be frightened and can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “For the enemy is everywhere with their swords and everyone else is terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	6	25	n3uk	figs-metonymy		0	for the swords of the enemy and terror are all around	The phrase “swords of the enemy” represents the enemy with their swords ready to attack. Here, **terror** refers to things that cause people to be frightened. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “For the enemy is everywhere with their swords and everyone else is terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	6	26	ti8u	figs-metaphor		0	Daughter of my people	Jeremiah shows Yahweh’s love for his people by speaking to them as a daughter. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate translation: “My people, you who are like a daughter to me” or “My dear people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JER	6	26	bkm8	translate-symaction		0	put on sackcloth and roll in ashes	People do these things to show that they are extremely sad. Alternate translation: “Show how sad you are by wearing sackcloth and rolling in ashes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
 JER	6	26	u1nu	figs-simile		0	mourn with painful sobs as for an only son	Jeremiah compares the people’s great sadness to the sadness that a mother feels if her only son dies. Alternate translation: “mourn with painful sobs as you would if your only son died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ JER	8	4	v36i	figs-rquestion		0	Does anyone fall and not get up? Does anyone get
 JER	8	5	zes9	figs-rquestion		0	Why has this people, Jerusalem, turned away in permanent faithlessness?	Yahweh is saying that the way the people of Judah are acting does not make sense. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It does not make sense that this people, Jerusalem, has turned away in permanent faithlessness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JER	8	5	vgq1	figs-synecdoche		0	Jerusalem	The word “Jerusalem” here is a synecdoche for all the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 JER	8	5	h7hw	figs-metaphor		0	hold on to treachery	What the people of Judah were doing is spoken of as if they were clinging to treachery and would not let it go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JER	8	5	n5b8	figs-abstractnouns		0	They hold on to treachery	The abstract noun “treachery” is spoken of as if it were a physical object that a person could hold on to. It can be translated using the verb “deceive.” Holding on to something is a metaphor for loving. Alternate translation: “They refuse to turn away from what deceives them” or “They love the people who deceive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JER	8	5	n5b8	figs-abstractnouns		0	They hold on to treachery	Here, **treachery** is spoken of as if it were a physical object that a person could hold on to. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **treachery**, you could express the same idea with the verb “deceive.” Holding on to something is a metaphor for loving. Alternate translation: “They refuse to turn away from what deceives them” or “They love the people who deceive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JER	8	6	y22u			0	General Information:	The words “they” and “them” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
 JER	8	6	v92n			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
 JER	8	6	w5p2	figs-doublet		0	paid attention and listened	These two things mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ JER	8	10	eq1m	figs-merism		0	because from the least to the greatest, all of them
 JER	8	10	by2f	figs-nominaladj		0	the least	This refers to the least powerful and least important people. Alternate translation: “the least powerful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 JER	8	10	m98v	figs-nominaladj		0	the greatest	This refers to the most powerful and most important people. Alternate translation: “the greatest people” or “the most powerful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 JER	8	10	ry2p			0	all of them	Alternate translation: “all of the people of Judah”
-JER	8	10	c6bc	figs-abstractnouns		0	are greedy for dishonest gain	The abstract noun “gain” can be expressed with the phrases “get more money” or “get more things.” Alternate translation: “want to get more money by lying to people” or “strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	8	10	c6bc	figs-abstractnouns		0	are greedy for dishonest gain	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **gain**, you could express the same idea with the phrases “get more money” or “get more things.” Alternate translation: “want to get more money by lying to people” or “strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	8	10	me66			0	all of them practice deceit	Alternate translation: “all of them deceive people” or “all of them are liars”
 JER	8	11	a894			0	General Information:	The words “they,” “their” and “them” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
 JER	8	11	f7ex			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
@@ -1403,7 +1403,7 @@ JER	19	8	qfw1	figs-abstractnouns		0	the object of hissing	The word “hissing”
 JER	19	9	x4ye			0	I will make them eat	Alternate translation: “I will make the people who live in Jerusalem eat”
 JER	19	9	gu5g			0	in the siege	Alternate translation: “because of the siege”
 JER	19	9	jy23	figs-activepassive		0	and in the anguish brought on them by their enemies and the ones seeking their lives	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because their enemies and those who are seeking their lives have brought anguish upon them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-JER	19	10	ck5z	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the sight of the men who went with you	The abstract noun “sight” can be expressed with the verb “watching.” Alternate translation: “while the men who went with you are watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	19	10	ck5z	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the sight of the men who went with you	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sight**, you could express the same idea with the verb “watching.” Alternate translation: “while the men who went with you are watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	19	11	vi9r			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
 JER	19	11	uis2	figs-activepassive		0	it could not be repaired again	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one can repair it again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JER	19	13	l6aa	figs-ellipsis		0	of the kings of Judah	The words “the houses” may be supplied here. Alternate translation: “the houses of the kings of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@@ -1990,7 +1990,7 @@ JER	30	10	ff1b	figs-metonymy		0	my servant Jacob … Israel	“Jacob” and “I
 JER	30	10	ldb9	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 JER	30	10	gri4			0	do not be dismayed	Alternate translation: “do not be discouraged”
 JER	30	10	anv7			0	For see, I am	Alternate translation: “Listen carefully while I tell you why: I am”
-JER	30	10	t49p	figs-abstractnouns		0	from the land of captivity	The abstract noun “captivity” can be translated using the noun “captive.” Alternate translation: “from the place where they were captives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	30	10	t49p	figs-abstractnouns		0	from the land of captivity	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **captivity**, you could express the same idea with the noun “captive.” Alternate translation: “from the place where they were captives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	30	10	zir5	figs-metonymy		0	Jacob will return … he will be secure	Jacob’s name is a metonym for his descendants. Yahweh speaks to Jacob as if he were speaking to another person. You may need to make explicit to where Jacob will return. Alternate translation: “Jacob will return to his own land … he will be secure” or “The descendants of Jacob will return … they will be secure” or “You descendants of Jacob will return … you will be secure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JER	30	10	f2gl			0	secure	Alternate translation: “safe”
 JER	30	11	e618			0	where I have scattered you	Alternate translation: “where I have sent you”
@@ -2227,7 +2227,7 @@ JER	33	9	l5i7	figs-metonymy		0	this city … do for it … give to it	The city i
 JER	33	9	t8ug	figs-metonymy		0	a song of praise and honor for all the nations of the earth	The word “song” is a metonym for the object about which people will sing the song. Alternate translation: “something about which all the people groups of the earth will sing songs of praise and honor to me, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JER	33	9	l75s	figs-hendiadys		0	they will fear and tremble	The hendiadys “fear and tremble” can be translated by a single verb. Alternate translation: “they will tremble with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
 JER	33	9	i3fz			0	fear	Another possible meaning is “awe.”
-JER	33	9	vmq7	figs-abstractnouns		0	because of all the good things and the peace that I will give to it	The abstract noun “peace” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “because of all the good things that I will give to it and because I will cause it to be peaceful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	33	9	vmq7	figs-abstractnouns		0	because of all the good things and the peace that I will give to it	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **peace**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because of all the good things that I will give to it and because I will cause it to be peaceful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	33	10	k7wb	figs-parallelism		0	It is desolate, a place with neither man nor beast,” in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem that are desolate having neither man nor beast	These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that Judah has become desolate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 JER	33	11	gf2i			0	the house of Yahweh	the temple in Jerusalem
 JER	33	11	pi42	figs-metonymy		0	I will restore the fortunes of the land	The word “land” is a metonym for the people who live on the land. Alternate translation: “I will again cause things to go well for the people who live on the land” or “I will cause the people who live on the land to live well again” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -2721,7 +2721,7 @@ JER	43	6	qj48	translate-names		0	Nebuzaradan	See how you translated this man’s
 JER	43	6	s144	translate-names		0	Gedaliah … Ahikam … Shaphan	See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 JER	43	7	rup9	translate-names		0	Tahpanhes	See how you translated the name of this city in [Jeremiah 2:16](../02/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 JER	43	8	p6h5	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah in Tahpanhes, saying,	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah in Tahpanhes. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah in Tahpanehs:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-JER	43	9	i4wa	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the sight of the people of Judah	The abstract noun “sight” can be expressed with the verb “watching.” Alternate translation: “while the people of Judah are watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	43	9	i4wa	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the sight of the people of Judah	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sight**, you could express the same idea with the verb “watching.” Alternate translation: “while the people of Judah are watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	43	9	usg5			0	mortar	a substance used to hold bricks together
 JER	43	9	sha8			0	to Pharaoh’s house	Alternate translation: “to Pharaoh’s royal building”
 JER	43	10	eb2l			0	Yahweh of hosts … says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
@@ -2757,7 +2757,7 @@ JER	44	6	bb1y			0	as at this present day	This refers to the current time at whic
 JER	44	7	gez9	figs-rquestion		0	Why are you doing … yourselves? Why are you causing … and babies?	Yahweh uses these questions to rebuke the people for doing things that cause him to punish them. Alternate translation: “You are doing … yourselves. You are causing … and babies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JER	44	7	mnr5	figs-abstractnouns		0	Why are you doing great wickedness against yourselves?	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “wicked.” Alternate translation: “Why are you doing these wicked things that harm yourselves?” or “You are doing wicked things that cause terrible things to happen to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	44	7	n4fj	figs-metaphor		0	Why are you causing yourselves to be cut off from among Judah … and babies?	Being separated from the people of Judah is spoken of as if the people are cut off from Judah the way a person may cut off a branch from a vine or cut off a piece of cloth. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Why are you causing me to remove you from the people of Judah … and babies?” or “You are causing me to remove you from the people of Judah … and babies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-JER	44	8	prs6	figs-abstractnouns		0	By your wickedness you have offended me with the deeds of your hands	The abstract noun “wickedness” represents actions that are “wicked.” Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “You have offended me with the wicked things you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
+JER	44	8	prs6	figs-abstractnouns		0	By your wickedness you have offended me with the deeds of your hands	Here, **wickedness** represents actions that are “wicked.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Here, **hand** represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “You have offended me with the wicked things you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 JER	44	8	bqw9			0	You have gone there so that … so that	Alternate translation: “The result of going to Egypt is that … and that”
 JER	44	8	d96k	figs-activepassive		0	you will be destroyed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will cause me to destroy you” or “you will destroy yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JER	44	8	qgd6	figs-metonymy		0	you will be a curse and a reproach among all the nations of the earth	Here “nations” represent the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of all the nations of the earth will curse you and hate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -2894,7 +2894,7 @@ JER	46	26	n18z	figs-metonymy		0	and into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Baby
 JER	46	26	zb51	figs-activepassive		0	Then after this Egypt will be inhabited	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then after this, people will live in Egypt again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JER	46	27	cfi7	figs-parallelism		0	my servant Jacob, do not fear. Do not be dismayed, Israel	These two phrases mean the same thing. Here “Jacob” and “Israel” represent the people of Israel. Yahweh is emphasizing that the people should not be afraid. Alternate translation: “people of Israel, my servants, do not be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JER	46	27	n8yh			0	from the land of their captivity	Alternate translation: “from the land where they are captives”
-JER	46	28	r2ij	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will bring complete destruction against all the nations	The abstract noun “destruction” can be stated using the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy all the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	46	28	r2ij	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will bring complete destruction against all the nations	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you could express the same idea with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy all the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	46	28	h92x	figs-doublenegatives		0	will certainly not leave you unpunished	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will certainly punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 JER	47	intro	y84e			0		# Jeremiah 47 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 47:2-7.<br><br>Jeremiah’s prophesies about other nations continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Flood waters<br>This chapter uses the imagery of a flood to describe the enemies who conquer the Philistines. Their destruction will be swift and complete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JER	47	1	up7u	figs-idiom		0	This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah	The idiom “the word of Yahweh that came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -3072,7 +3072,7 @@ JER	49	4	ve6p			0	Why do you brag about your valleys, your valleys that are so f
 JER	49	4	a3g4	figs-metaphor		0	faithless daughter	Here, the people of Ammon are spoken of as if they were a daughter. Alternate translation: “faithless people” or “rebellious people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JER	49	4	yq5q	figs-rquestion		0	say, ‘Who will come against me?’	The Ammonites use this question to state that they do not believe anyone can defeat them. It can be reworded as an indirect statement. Alternate translation: “falsely think that no one can defeat you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
 JER	49	5	a2bs			0	you	The word “you” refers to the people of Ammon.
-JER	49	5	wlw8	figs-abstractnouns		0	this terror will come from all those who surround you. Each one of you will be scattered before it	The abstract noun “terror” can be stated as the verb “terrify.” The phrase “will be scattered” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will cause all those around you to terrify you. Each one of you flee to different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+JER	49	5	wlw8	figs-abstractnouns		0	this terror will come from all those who surround you. Each one of you will be scattered before it	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you could express the same idea with the verb “terrify.” The phrase “will be scattered” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will cause all those around you to terrify you. Each one of you flee to different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JER	49	7	j239			0	Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
 JER	49	7	j6lv	figs-rquestion		0	Is there no longer any wisdom to be found in Teman?	Yahweh uses a question to scold the people of Teman for not acting wisely. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems that there are no longer any wise people in Teman!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JER	49	7	rhs5	translate-names		0	Teman	This is the name of a district in Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -3103,12 +3103,12 @@ JER	49	14	uw6a			0	attack her	The word “her” refers to Edom.
 JER	49	15	pdt6			0	I have made you	The word “I” refers to Yahweh. Here “you” refers to the nation of Edom.
 JER	49	15	g33b	figs-explicit		0	made you small	Here “small” represents having the least political importance. Alternate translation: “made you least important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JER	49	15	wr35	figs-activepassive		0	despised by people	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and people despise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-JER	49	16	l7en	figs-abstractnouns		0	As for your fearsomeness	Here the abstract noun “fearsomeness” can be translated with either an adjective or a verb. Alternate translation: “As for how terrifying you think you are” or “Although you think you scare other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	49	16	l7en	figs-abstractnouns		0	As for your fearsomeness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fearsomeness**, you could express the same idea with either an adjective or a verb. Alternate translation: “As for how terrifying you think you are” or “Although you think you scare other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	49	16	kjt4	figs-metonymy		0	your heart’s pride has deceived you	Here “heart” represents the whole person. People deceiving themselves is spoken of as if their pride deceived them. Alternate translation: “you have become prideful, but you have deceived yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JER	49	16	mwf3	figs-explicit		0	so that you may make your nest high like an eagle	It is implied that the people made homes in high places to remain safe from enemies. Alternate translation: “live in safety like an eagle in the heights of the mountains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 JER	49	16	v7eu			0	eagle	This is a very large, powerful bird of prey. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:13](../04/13.md).
 JER	49	16	lr1b	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
-JER	49	17	hj17	figs-abstractnouns		0	Edom will become a horror to everyone passing by it	The abstract noun “horror” can be stated using the verb “horrified.” Alternate translation: “The people passing by will be horrified when they what happened to Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	49	17	hj17	figs-abstractnouns		0	Edom will become a horror to everyone passing by it	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **horror**, you could express the same idea with the verb “horrified.” Alternate translation: “The people passing by will be horrified when they what happened to Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	49	17	n5jw	translate-symaction		0	tremble and hiss	The word “hiss” refers to a sound that shows horror or awe. Alternate translation: “shake from fear and gasp” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
 JER	49	18	ihe5	figs-parallelism		0	no one will live there; no person will stay there	Yahweh says the same thing twice to emphasize that Edom will be completely uninhabited. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 JER	49	19	f4y5			0	See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
@@ -3136,7 +3136,7 @@ JER	49	23	ecb7	translate-names		0	Hamath and Arpad	These are cities in Syria. (S
 JER	49	23	tpi9	figs-metaphor		0	They melt away	A person being afraid is spoken of as if the person were melting. Alternate translation: “They are very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JER	49	23	pe7l	figs-simile		0	They become as troubled as the sea, which cannot stay calm	The water of the sea is always moving and is never still. This is compared to the people who cannot rest because they are so anxious about the bad news they heard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 JER	49	24	tg9v	figs-metonymy		0	Damascus has become very weak. It turns … seizes it	Here “Damascus” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people of Damascus have become very weak. They turn … seizes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JER	49	24	ik2u			0	terror seizes it	The abstract noun “terror” can be stated as the verb “terrified.” Alternate translation: “Damascus is terrified” or “The people of Damascus are terrified”
+JER	49	24	ik2u			0	terror seizes it	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you could express the same idea with the verb “terrified.” Alternate translation: “Damascus is terrified” or “The people of Damascus are terrified”
 JER	49	24	b8u2	figs-abstractnouns		0	Distress and pain seize it, like the pain of a woman giving birth	This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “distress” and “pain.” The people are compared to a woman giving birth to emphasize their pain and fear. Alternate translation: “The people are afraid and suffering like a woman giving birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 JER	49	25	u3wm	figs-rquestion		0	How has the city of praise not been forsaken, the town of my joy?	Yahweh uses a question to express that the people should have left the city. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This famous city once caused me to rejoice, but now the people should leave it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JER	49	25	c4ki			0	How has the city of praise not been forsaken, the town of my joy?	Some Bibles translate this with the people of Damascus speaking. Alternate translation: “The people of Damascus say, ‘The famous city, which once made us rejoice, is now empty.’”
@@ -3410,7 +3410,7 @@ JER	51	20	ap1j	figs-metaphor		0	With you I will smash	Yahweh speaks of punishing
 JER	51	20	k6w9			0	With you I will	Alternate translation: “I will use you to”
 JER	51	22	b82y	figs-metaphor		0	With you I will smash	Yahweh speaks of punishing people as if he were smashing them with a hammer. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 51:20](../51/20.md). Alternate translation: “With you I will punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JER	51	22	n6g5			0	With you I will	“I will use you to.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 51:20](../51/20.md).
-JER	51	24	rf4t	figs-abstractnouns		0	in your sight I will pay	The abstract noun “sight” can be expressed with the verb “see.” Alternate translation: “you will see it when I pay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	51	24	rf4t	figs-abstractnouns		0	in your sight I will pay	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sight**, you could express the same idea with the verb “see.” Alternate translation: “you will see it when I pay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	51	24	r6wa	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 JER	51	25	n2fb	figs-apostrophe		0	General Information:	Yahweh speaks to the people of Jerusalem, who could hear him, as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon, who could not hear him. He speaks to the city of Babylon as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon itself. He speaks of the city as if it were a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JER	51	25	gfh7	figs-metonymy		0	I will stretch out my hand against you	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. See how “I will attack the inhabitants of the land with my hand” is translated in [Jeremiah 6:12](../06/12.md). Alternate translation: “I will use my strength to attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -3418,7 +3418,7 @@ JER	51	25	pu56	figs-metaphor		0	I will … roll you down from the cliffs	Yahweh
 JER	51	25	f3es			0	cliffs	A cliff is the steep side of a mountain or hill.
 JER	51	25	tb96	figs-metaphor		0	I will … make you a burned-out mountain	Yahweh speaks of Babylon as no longer being the great “mountain of destruction” but now a mountain that he has destroyed. Alternate translation: “I will … make you a pile of useless rocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JER	51	25	b8fv	figs-123person		0	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
-JER	51	26	pw6e	figs-abstractnouns		0	you will become an everlasting devastation	The abstract noun “devastation” can be translated as a verb “devastate.” Alternate translation: “I will devastate you and no one will ever rebuild you” or “I will turn you into an empty place where no one will ever live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+JER	51	26	pw6e	figs-abstractnouns		0	you will become an everlasting devastation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **devastation**, you could express the same idea with a verb “devastate.” Alternate translation: “I will devastate you and no one will ever rebuild you” or “I will turn you into an empty place where no one will ever live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 JER	51	27	rw7n	figs-parallelism		0	Lift up a banner … Blow the trumpet … Call … to attack	Lifting a banner and blowing a trumpet are both ways of calling people to attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 JER	51	27	hw53			0	banner	“battle flag.” This is large flag for the soldiers to follow in battle.
 JER	51	27	wq6v	figs-metonymy		0	attack her	The city of Babylon is a metonym for the people of Babylon, and it is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “attack the people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

en_tn_25-LAM.tsv

@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ LAM	3	19	j2d4	figs-doublet		0	wormwood and bitterness	Wormwood is a plant that g
 LAM	3	20	mz9u			0	my soul is bowed down within me	Alternate translation: “I am depressed” or “I am discouraged”
 LAM	3	21	t4a6			0	But I call this to mind	This means to intentionally think about something. The word “this” refers to something that the author will start to speak about in the next verse. Alternate translation: “But I choose to think about this” or “But I remember this”
 LAM	3	21	a2fk			0	I have hope	Alternate translation: “I hope”
-LAM	3	22	hf5a	figs-abstractnouns		0	The steadfast love of Yahweh never ceases	The abstract noun “steadfast love” can be expressed with the phrase “love faithfully.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh never stops loving his people faithfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+LAM	3	22	hf5a	figs-abstractnouns		0	The steadfast love of Yahweh never ceases	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **steadfast love**, you could express the same idea with the phrase “love faithfully.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh never stops loving his people faithfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 LAM	3	22	rs8g	figs-abstractnouns		0	his compassions never end	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compassions**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “care.” Alternate translation: “he never stops caring for those who suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 LAM	3	23	z4xg	figs-metaphor		0	they are new every morning	The word “they” refers to God’s steadfast love and compassions. Their being new represents God continuing to act according to them. Alternate translation: “every morning he treats us again with steadfast love and compassion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 LAM	3	23	dp91			0	your faithfulness	The word “your” refers to Yahweh.
@@ -314,13 +314,13 @@ LAM	3	57	egc5	figs-metonymy		0	You came near	People often come near to a person
 LAM	3	58	rq8w	figs-metaphor		0	you defended my case, you saved my life	The author speaks of God keeping him from being killed by his enemies as if God had defended him in court as a lawyer defends someone, and kept him from being killed. Alternate translation: “you saved my life from my enemies. It is as though you defended me in court” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 LAM	3	58	x4xw	figs-metaphor		0	you defended my case	Here “defended my case” represents arguing for him. Alternate translation: “you argued my case for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 LAM	3	59	z61e	figs-metaphor		0	judge my case	Here God is no longer pictured as a lawyer, but as the judge. It can be stated clearly that he wanted God to judge in his favor. Alternate translation: “make a decision about me, and show my enemies that I am right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-LAM	3	61	k1lw	figs-abstractnouns		0	You have heard their scorn … and all their plans regarding me	The abstract noun “scorn” can be expressed with the verbs “taunt” or “mock.” It can be stated clearly that the plans were to harm him. Alternate translation: “You heard how they have taunted me … and all they plan to do to me” or “You have heard them mock me … and plan ways to harm me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+LAM	3	61	k1lw	figs-abstractnouns		0	You have heard their scorn … and all their plans regarding me	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **scorn**, you could express the same idea with the verbs “taunt” or “mock.” It can be stated clearly that the plans were to harm him. Alternate translation: “You heard how they have taunted me … and all they plan to do to me” or “You have heard them mock me … and plan ways to harm me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 LAM	3	62	x6km	figs-metaphor		0	The lips and the accusations … come against me all the day	The author speaks of his enemies accusing him all day as if their accusations were soldiers that come to attack him all day. Alternate translation: “My enemies speak against me and accuse me through the whole day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 LAM	3	62	u23i	figs-metonymy		0	The lips … of my enemies	Here the lips represent what his enemies say. Alternate translation: “The words … of my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 LAM	3	63	ti38	figs-merism		0	how they sit and then rise up	These two actions together represent everything the people do. Alternate translation: “everything they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
 LAM	3	64	h9mv	figs-metaphor		0	Pay back to them, Yahweh, according to what they have done	Here “Pay back to them” represents punishing them. What they have done can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Punish them, Yahweh, according to what they have done” or “Yahweh, they have made me suffer, so please make them suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 LAM	3	65	x92m	figs-metonymy		0	You will let their hearts be shameless	Here the “heart” is a metonym that represents their attitudes and emotions, and being “shameless” means not feeling ashamed of their sins even though they should. Their not being ashamed would give even more reason for God to punish them. Alternate translation: “You will let them feel no shame for their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-LAM	3	65	w3iz	figs-abstractnouns		0	May your condemnation be upon them	The abstract noun “condemnation” can be expressed with the verbs “condemn” or “curse.” Alternate translation: “Condemn them” or “Curse them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+LAM	3	65	w3iz	figs-abstractnouns		0	May your condemnation be upon them	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **condemnation**, you could express the same idea with the verbs “condemn” or “curse.” Alternate translation: “Condemn them” or “Curse them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 LAM	3	66	zs3c	figs-metonymy		0	from under the heavens	Here “from under the heavens” represents everywhere on earth. Alternate translation: “wherever they are on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 LAM	4	intro	v761			0		# Lamentations 4 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The story of Judah being destroyed continues in this chapter. Famine destroyed the rulers and the priests. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
 LAM	4	1	rhc4	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	A new poem begins. See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]].
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ LAM	4	5	p6wj			0	now starve in the streets	These people no longer have homes, so
 LAM	4	5	sg4z	figs-activepassive		0	Those who were brought up wearing scarlet clothing	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those who grew up wearing scarlet clothing” or “those who wore scarlet clothing when they were growing up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 LAM	4	5	xp9m	figs-metonymy		0	scarlet clothing	Here this phrase is a metonym for luxurious, expensive, and comfortable clothing, at least some of which was probably scarlet. Alternate translation: “luxurious clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 LAM	4	5	l3s2			0	now lie on piles of ashes	This is because they no longer have homes and soft beds.
-LAM	4	6	nw5s			0	The punishment of the daughter of my people is greater than that of Sodom	The abstract noun “punishment” can be expressed with the verb “punish.” Alternate translation: “The daughter of my people has been punished more severely than Sodom was punished”
+LAM	4	6	nw5s			0	The punishment of the daughter of my people is greater than that of Sodom	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **punishment**, you could express the same idea with the verb “punish.” Alternate translation: “The daughter of my people has been punished more severely than Sodom was punished”
 LAM	4	6	ef77	figs-metonymy		0	the daughter of my people	This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 LAM	4	6	l7zs	figs-activepassive		0	which was overthrown in a moment	The word “which” refers to Sodom. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which God destroyed in a moment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 LAM	4	6	xk36	figs-activepassive		0	no hands were wrung for her	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one wrung their hands for her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ LAM	4	15	uf2c			0	Away! Away! Do not touch	Alternate translation: “Go away! Go
 LAM	4	16	s74r			0	scattered them	Alternate translation: “scattered the prophets and priests”
 LAM	4	16	a7if	figs-metonymy		0	he does not watch over them anymore	Here “watch over them” represents being concerned about them and helping them. Alternate translation: “he does not care about them anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 LAM	4	17	j6ac	figs-metonymy		0	Our eyes failed, looking in vain for help	Their eyes failing represents their seeking and not being able to find what they were looking for. These two phrases together emphasize that they were trying hard to find help. Alternate translation: “We continued looking, but we could not find anyone to help us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-LAM	4	17	gw6x	figs-abstractnouns		0	for help	The abstract noun “help” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “for people to help us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+LAM	4	17	gw6x	figs-abstractnouns		0	for help	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **help**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “for people to help us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 LAM	4	17	ep11			0	in vain	without succeeding
 LAM	4	17	j62q	figs-metaphor		0	we watched for a nation that could not rescue us	Here “watched” represents hoping. It can be stated clearly that they were hoping that a nation would come and rescue them. Alternate translation: “we hoped for a nation to come and rescue us, but it could not rescue us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 LAM	4	18	ah5m	figs-metonymy		0	They followed our steps	Here “our steps” represents where they went. Alternate translation: “Our enemies followed us everywhere we went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

en_tn_26-EZK.tsv

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ EZK	1	4	uce2			0	brightness surrounding it and inside of it	Alternate translatio
 EZK	1	4	gn1u			0	the color of amber	Alternate translation: “bright yellow like amber” or “bright yellow” or “glowing yellow”
 EZK	1	4	s1hw			0	amber	a hard yellow resin that is used as a beautiful decoration on jewelry
 EZK	1	5	wc4k			0	In the middle	Alternate translation: “Inside the storm”
-EZK	1	5	h7q9	figs-abstractnouns		0	the likeness of four living creatures	Here the abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like these things. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “what looked like four living creatures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	1	5	h7q9	figs-abstractnouns		0	the likeness of four living creatures	Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like these things. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what looked like four living creatures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	1	5	k13b	figs-abstractnouns		0	This was their appearance	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “This is what they looked like” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	1	5	nji4	figs-abstractnouns		0	They had the likeness of a man	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The four creatures looked like people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	1	6	vqp7			0	but they had four faces each, and each of the creatures had four wings	“but each of them had four different faces and four wings.” Each creature had a face on the front, a face on the back, and a face on each side of its head.
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ EZK	1	8	gr7m			0	on all four sides	Alternate translation: “on all four sides o
 EZK	1	8	k4hk			0	For all four, their faces and wings were like this	Alternate translation: “For all four of the creatures, their wings and their faces were like this”
 EZK	1	9	xij2			0	they did not turn as they went	Alternate translation: “the creatures did not turn as they moved”
 EZK	1	10	xft7			0	Connecting Statement:	Ezekiel continues to describe his vision.
-EZK	1	10	dr2n	figs-abstractnouns		0	The likeness of their faces was like the face of a man	Ezekiel is describing the faces of the creatures on their front side. The abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a man’s face. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “The face of each creature looked like the face of a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	1	10	dr2n	figs-abstractnouns		0	The likeness of their faces was like the face of a man	Ezekiel is describing the faces of the creatures on their front side. Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a man’s face. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The face of each creature looked like the face of a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	1	10	cb2b			0	The four of them had the face of a lion to the right side	Alternate translation: “The face on the right side of each one’s head looked like the face of a lion”
 EZK	1	10	xfk6			0	the four of them had the face of an ox on the left side	Alternate translation: “the face on the left side of the head of each one looked like the face of an ox”
 EZK	1	10	hzm6			0	They four had also the face of an eagle	Alternate translation: “The face on the back of the head of each one looked like the face of an eagle”
@@ -41,13 +41,13 @@ EZK	1	11	y2pe			0	their wings were spread out above, so that each creature had a
 EZK	1	11	pd9d			0	and also a pair of wings that covered their bodies	This can be translated as a new sentence: “The other two wings of each creature covered its body”
 EZK	1	12	e2th			0	Each went straight forward	Alternate translation: “Each creature moved with a face looking forward”
 EZK	1	13	ffv8			0	Connecting Statement:	Ezekiel continues to describe his vision.
-EZK	1	13	i6wj	figs-abstractnouns		0	As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like burning coals	Here the abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like these things. Both “likeness” and “appearance” are abstract nouns that can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “As for what the living creatures looked like, they were similar to burning coals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	1	13	i6wj	figs-abstractnouns		0	As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like burning coals	Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like these things. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the words **likeness** and **appearance**, you could express the same ideas with verbal forms. Alternate translation: “As for what the living creatures looked like, they were similar to burning coals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	1	13	m6wb			0	there were flashes of lightning	Alternate translation: “lightning came out from the fire.”
 EZK	1	14	jq1y	figs-simile		0	The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they had the appearance of lightning	Lightning flashes and then disappears quickly, and the creatures moved from one place to another quickly. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they looked like lightning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	1	15	me27			0	Connecting Statement:	Ezekiel continues to tell about his vision.
 EZK	1	16	kq4i			0	This was the appearance and structure of the wheels	Alternate translation: “This is what the wheels looked like and how they were made”
 EZK	1	16	yue4			0	like beryl	Beryl is a kind of clear, valuable stone, often of yellow or golden color. “clear and yellow like a beryl stone” or “clear and yellow like a precious stone”
-EZK	1	16	du8h	figs-abstractnouns		0	the four had the same likeness	Here the abstract noun “likeness” refers to what the four wheels looked like. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “all four of the wheels looked the same” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	1	16	du8h	figs-abstractnouns		0	the four had the same likeness	Here, **likeness** refers to what the four wheels looked like. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “all four of the wheels looked the same” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	1	16	q9kt	figs-abstractnouns		0	their appearance and structure was like a wheel intersecting another wheel	The abstract nouns “appearance” and “structure” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “they appeared to be made with one wheel going through another wheel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	1	17	d4vz			0	Connecting Statement:	Ezekiel continues to describe his vision.
 EZK	1	17	yzc3			0	they went in any of their four directions	This could mean: (1) “their” refers to the creatures. Alternate translation: “they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards” or (2) “their” refers to the wheels.
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ EZK	1	19	c3bw			0	the wheels also rose up	Alternate translation: “the wheels a
 EZK	1	20	q1gf			0	Wherever the Spirit would go, they went	The word “they” refers to the creatures.
 EZK	1	20	i3ax			0	the wheels rose up beside them	Alternate translation: “the wheels went up into the air with the living creatures”
 EZK	1	20	sqv9	figs-idiom		0	the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels	This could mean: (1) Ezekiel is speaking of the “creatures” of verse 19 as if they were one creature. Alternate translation: “the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels” or (2) Ezekiel is using an idiom. Alternate translation: “the spirit of life was in the wheels” or “the living spirit was in the wheels” or (3) the spirit in the creatures and in the wheels is the same. Alternate translation: “the same spirit that gave life to the creatures also gave life to the wheels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-EZK	1	22	ikj7	figs-abstractnouns		0	the likeness of an expansive dome	Here the abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like “an expansive dome.” The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “what looked like an expansive dome” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	1	22	ikj7	figs-abstractnouns		0	the likeness of an expansive dome	Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like “an expansive dome.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what looked like an expansive dome” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	1	22	l6f5			0	an expansive dome	A dome looks like a hollow ball that is cut in half. “Expansive” means very large. “a huge upside-down bowl”
 EZK	1	22	hu3m			0	awe-inspiring crystal	Alternate translation: “awe-inspiring ice” or “crystal that makes people marvel when they look at it”
 EZK	1	22	unz5			0	stretched out over their heads above	Alternate translation: “and the expansive dome was spread out above the heads of the creatures” or “and the expansive dome took up a lot of space over the heads of the creatures”
@@ -76,15 +76,15 @@ EZK	1	25	fdh7			0	A voice came from above the dome	“Someone who was above the
 EZK	1	25	c7rf			0	the dome over their heads	Alternate translation: “the dome that was over the heads of the creatures”
 EZK	1	25	vx4w			0	the dome	See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:23](../01/23.md).
 EZK	1	26	pwr1			0	over their heads	Alternate translation: “over the heads of the living creatures”
-EZK	1	26	v6pz	figs-abstractnouns		0	was the likeness of a throne	Here the abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a throne. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “was something that looked like a throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	1	26	v6pz	figs-abstractnouns		0	was the likeness of a throne	Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a throne. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “was something that looked like a throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	1	26	dds3			0	sapphire	a very valuable stone that is clear blue and very shiny
-EZK	1	26	fx3x	figs-abstractnouns		0	on the likeness of the throne was	The abstract noun “likeness” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “on what looked like a throne there was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	1	26	fx3x	figs-abstractnouns		0	on the likeness of the throne was	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “on what looked like a throne there was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	1	26	npv7	figs-abstractnouns		0	a likeness like the appearance of a man	The abstract nouns “likeness” and “appearance” can be translated with verbal phrases. If you need to tell who this is, you should probably identify him as Yahweh ([Ezekiel 1:3](../01/03.md)). Alternate translation: “something that looked similar to what appeared to be a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	1	27	t3wg	figs-abstractnouns		0	from the appearance of his hips up	The person’s body above the hips looked like glowing metal that had fire in it. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “from what appeared to be his hips up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	1	27	f7ri	figs-abstractnouns		0	from the appearance of his hips downward the appearance of fire and brightness all around	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “all around him below what appeared to be his hips, I saw what looked like fire and a bright light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	1	28	ju5f	figs-abstractnouns		0	Like the appearance of a rainbow in the clouds on a rainy day was the appearance of the bright light surrounding it	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The brightness surrounding it appeared to be like the way a rainbow appears in the clouds on a rainy day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	1	28	qe4p			0	rainbow	the colorful strip of light that appears in the rain when the sun shines from behind the viewer
-EZK	1	28	eww3	figs-abstractnouns		0	It was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of Yahweh	The abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like the glory of Yahweh. Both “appearance” and “likeness” can be translated as with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “It appeared to be what looked like the glory of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	1	28	eww3	figs-abstractnouns		0	It was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of Yahweh	Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like the glory of Yahweh. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas behind the words **appearance** and **likeness**, you could express the same idea with verbal forms. Alternate translation: “It appeared to be what looked like the glory of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	1	28	x337	figs-idiom		0	I fell on my face	“I bowed down to the ground” or “I lay on the ground.” Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 EZK	1	28	xf7s	figs-metonymy		0	I heard a voice speaking	The word “voice” is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “I heard someone speaking” or “Someone spoke, and I heard his voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 EZK	2	intro	pp1p			0		# Ezekiel 2 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Ezekiel’s call continues in this chapter. God appointed Ezekiel to be a prophet but warned him that the people were very rebellious and would not listen to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ EZK	8	1	kh86	translate-hebrewmonths		0	the sixth month, in the fifth day of the
 EZK	8	1	g1l3	figs-metaphor		0	the hand of the Lord Yahweh again fell upon me	This should be translated literally, as Ezekiel later sees something like a hand. Others may choose to consider the hand a metaphor for Yahweh’s presence or power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EZK	8	1	mzl2			0	Lord Yahweh	See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md).
 EZK	8	1	ni1l			0	fell upon	Alternate translation: “took hold of”
-EZK	8	2	c8h3	figs-abstractnouns		0	a likeness with the appearance of a man	Here the abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a man. Both “likeness” and “appearance” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “there was someone who appeared to be a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	8	2	c8h3	figs-abstractnouns		0	a likeness with the appearance of a man	Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a man. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas behind the words **likeness** and **appearance**, you could express the same ideas with verbal forms. Alternate translation: “there was someone who appeared to be a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	8	2	lie4			0	glowing metal	When metal is very hot, it glows with a yellow or orange light.
 EZK	8	2	dw9z	figs-abstractnouns		0	the appearance of his hips … the appearance of something shining	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what appeared to be his hips … what appeared to be something shining” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	8	3	mje5			0	he reached out	The word “he” probably refers to the “figure like a man” ([Ezekiel 8:2](../08/02.md)).
@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ EZK	10	9	cwh7			0	behold	Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw
 EZK	10	9	q9j7			0	wheels	See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md).
 EZK	10	9	d8v9	figs-abstractnouns		0	the appearance of the wheels was like a beryl stone	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the wheels appeared to be like a beryl stone” or “what appeared to be wheels were like a beryl stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	10	9	nza9	translate-unknown		0	beryl stone	“Beryl” here is a very hard, valuable stone. This beryl was probably green or blue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
-EZK	10	10	i72z	figs-abstractnouns		0	Their appearance was the same likeness for all four of them	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. The abstract noun “likeness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “All four of them appeared to be similar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	10	10	i72z	figs-abstractnouns		0	Their appearance was the same likeness for all four of them	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “All four of them appeared to be similar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	10	10	c1u1			0	a wheel intersecting another wheel	The word “intersecting” means “crossing” or “passing through.”
 EZK	10	11	vgw9			0	they went in any of their four directions	This could mean: (1) “their” refers to the creatures. Alternate translation: “they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards” or (2) “their” refers to the wheels.
 EZK	10	11	qn2m			0	whatever direction the head faced, they followed	Here, the phrase **the head** could mean: (1) this refers to the winged creatures. Alternate translation: “they went in whatever direction the winged creatures were looking” or (2) this refers to the front wheel. Alternate translation: “they followed in whatever direction the front wheel went”
@@ -537,8 +537,8 @@ EZK	10	18	x2tm			0	stood over	Alternate translation: “stayed over” or “wai
 EZK	10	19	c2qy			0	came upon them from above	Alternate translation: “went above the cherubim”
 EZK	10	20	b8ev			0	the living creatures	See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:13](../01/13.md).
 EZK	10	20	mjn1			0	the Kebar Canal	This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md).
-EZK	10	21	is6s	figs-abstractnouns		0	the likeness of human hands	Here the abstract noun “likeness” means that what Ezekiel saw looked like human hands. The word can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “something that looked like human hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-EZK	10	22	vgn2	figs-abstractnouns		0	the likeness of their faces was like the faces that I had seen	The abstract noun “likeness” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “their faces looked like the faces that I had seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	10	21	is6s	figs-abstractnouns		0	the likeness of human hands	Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like human hands. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “something that looked like human hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	10	22	vgn2	figs-abstractnouns		0	the likeness of their faces was like the faces that I had seen	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “their faces looked like the faces that I had seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	10	22	z9wt			0	went straight ahead	Alternate translation: “faced forward” or “looked directly ahead”
 EZK	11	intro	p5z8			0		# Ezekiel 11 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Safety<br><br>The people were trusting Jerusalem to keep them safe. But God was going to pull them out of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>The people in Jerusalem used the metaphor “this city is the pot and we are the meat in the pot” meaning they were safe in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EZK	11	1	fu8k			0	to the eastern gate of Yahweh’s house, facing east	This gate was part of the wall that surrounded the temple area. Alternate translation: “the gate on the eastern side of the wall surrounding Yahweh’s house” or “the gate on the eastern wall of the temple courtyard”
@@ -1714,7 +1714,7 @@ EZK	27	34	r7k6	figs-activepassive		0	when you were shattered by the seas, by dee
 EZK	27	34	wr3x			0	shattered	To “shatter” is to break up into pieces.
 EZK	27	34	d3qi			0	crew	team of workers
 EZK	27	35	x4z1			0	were appalled at you	Alternate translation: “were shocked and terrified by what happened to you”
-EZK	27	35	c2nm	figs-abstractnouns		0	their kings shuddered in horror	The abstract noun “horror” can be translated using the adverb “fearfully.” Alternate translation: “their kings shuddered fearfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	27	35	c2nm	figs-abstractnouns		0	their kings shuddered in horror	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **horror**, you could express the same idea with an adverb such as “fearfully.” Alternate translation: “their kings shuddered fearfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	27	35	yhh2			0	shuddered	Alternate translation: “shook, trembled with fear”
 EZK	27	35	l348	figs-metonymy		0	Their faces trembled	Here “faces” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “They appear to be trembling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 EZK	27	36	vh13	translate-symaction		0	hiss at you	Hissing was making a whistling sound through the teeth. It may have been out of dismay, grief, or surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
@@ -1832,7 +1832,7 @@ EZK	29	10	lb1i	translate-names		0	Syene	This the name of a town in southern Egyp
 EZK	29	10	vn8c	translate-names		0	the borders of Cush	These borders of Cush were south of Syene. Some versions say Sudan or Ethiopia, the modern names of countries south of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 EZK	29	11	dk5j	figs-synecdoche		0	No man’s foot will pass through it	Here “man’s foot” represents people. Alternate translation: “No man will walk through the land of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 EZK	29	11	x4yx	figs-synecdoche		0	no wild animal’s foot will pass through it	Here “animal’s foot” represents animals. Alternate translation: “not even a wild animal will walk through it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-EZK	29	12	b86m	figs-abstractnouns		0	For I will make the land of Egypt a desolation	The abstract noun “desolation” can be expressed with the adjective “desolate.” Alternate translation: “For I will make the land of Egypt desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	29	12	b86m	figs-abstractnouns		0	For I will make the land of Egypt a desolation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you could express the same idea with the adjective “desolate.” Alternate translation: “For I will make the land of Egypt desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	29	12	ef3g	figs-metonymy		0	I will scatter Egypt among the nations	Here “Egypt” represents the people of Egypt, and “scatter” represents causing them to move to other places. Alternate translation: “I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations” or “I will make the people of Egypt go and live among the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EZK	29	13	kwt6	figs-metonymy		0	I will gather Egypt	Here “Egypt” is a metonym for the people of Egypt, and “gather” is a metaphor for causing them to return to Egypt. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Egypt to return to Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EZK	29	13	k5h2	figs-activepassive		0	among whom they were scattered	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “among whom I scattered them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -1842,7 +1842,7 @@ EZK	29	14	ug87	figs-metaphor		0	a lowly kingdom	Here “lowly” represents unim
 EZK	29	15	bd7q	figs-metaphor		0	the lowliest of the kingdoms	Here “lowliest” represents least important. Alternate translation: “the least important of the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EZK	29	15	ff4u	figs-metaphor		0	it will not be lifted up any more among the nations	Here “be lifted up” represents becoming important. Alternate translation: “it will not become important again among the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EZK	29	15	grg4	figs-metaphor		0	I will diminish them	“I will make them small.” Here “diminish them” represents making Egypt weak or unimportant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-EZK	29	16	p8ei	figs-abstractnouns		0	The Egyptians will no longer be a reason for confidence for the house of Israel	The abstract noun “confidence” can be translated with the verbs “trust” or “rely on.” Alternate translation: “The house of Israel will no longer trust in the Egyptians” or “The house of Israel will no longer rely on the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	29	16	p8ei	figs-abstractnouns		0	The Egyptians will no longer be a reason for confidence for the house of Israel	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **confidence**, you could express the same idea with the verbs “trust” or “rely on.” Alternate translation: “The house of Israel will no longer trust in the Egyptians” or “The house of Israel will no longer rely on the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	29	16	r6x6	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Israel	Here “house” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” or “the nation of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 EZK	29	16	e48h	figs-explicit		0	they will be a reminder of the iniquity that Israel committed	How Egypt would be a reminder can be stated clearly. The abstract nouns “reminder” and “iniquity” can be expressed with the verbs “remember” and “sin.” Alternate translation: “when Israel sees what I do to Egypt, Israel will remember how Israel sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	29	16	mh8u	figs-metonymy		0	when they turned to Egypt for help	Here “turn … for help” is a metonym for “ask … for help.” Alternate translation: “whenever they asked Egypt to help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -1872,10 +1872,10 @@ EZK	30	2	z93b	figs-exclamations		0	Woe is the coming day	This exclamation expres
 EZK	30	3	g365			0	The day is near	Alternate translation: “That day is soon” or “It will soon be that day”
 EZK	30	3	mf3g	figs-explicit		0	The day is near for Yahweh	It is implied that on that day, Yahweh will punish people. Alternate translation: “It will soon be the day when Yahweh will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 EZK	30	3	aq8x	figs-metaphor		0	a day of clouds	Dark storm clouds represent danger and fear. Alternate translation: “It will be like a day with dark clouds” or “It will be frightening like a day with dark clouds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-EZK	30	3	w6vn	figs-abstractnouns		0	a time of doom for nations	The abstract noun “doom” can be translated with the phrase “terrible things will happen.” Alternate translation: “a time when terrible things will happen to the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	30	3	w6vn	figs-abstractnouns		0	a time of doom for nations	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **doom**, you could express the same idea with the phrase “terrible things will happen.” Alternate translation: “a time when terrible things will happen to the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	30	4	sx35			0	General Information:	These are Yahweh’s words about Egypt.
 EZK	30	4	gs25	figs-metonymy		0	Then a sword will come against Egypt	The word “sword” here represents war or an army that attacks. Alternate translation: “There will be war against Egypt” or “An enemy army will attack Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-EZK	30	4	d6ih	figs-abstractnouns		0	there will be anguish in Cush	The abstract noun “anguish” can be expressed in terms of how the people feel. Alternate translation: “the people of Cush will be very sad” or “the people of Cush will suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	30	4	d6ih	figs-abstractnouns		0	there will be anguish in Cush	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anguish**, you could express the same idea in terms of how the people feel. Alternate translation: “the people of Cush will be very sad” or “the people of Cush will suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	30	4	tq5r			0	when they take her wealth	Alternate translation: “when the attackers take away the wealth of Egypt”
 EZK	30	4	j6k8	figs-activepassive		0	when her foundations are ruined	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the attackers destroy the foundations of the buildings in Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EZK	30	5	kb1v	figs-metonymy		0	Cush and Put, Lydia and all Arabia, and Libya	These names refer to the people of these countries. Alternate translation: “The people of Cush and Put, Libya, and all Arabia, and Lydia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -1900,7 +1900,7 @@ EZK	30	8	m7q3	figs-metonymy		0	when I set fire in Egypt	Here “set fire in Egyp
 EZK	30	8	fe2h	figs-activepassive		0	all of her helpers are destroyed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I destroy all of the allies of Egypt” or “when armies destroy all of those who help Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EZK	30	9	tb3u			0	messengers will go out from before me in ships to terrorize a secure Cush	Messengers will bring the news of Egypt’s destruction to Cush, who will be frightened by the news.
 EZK	30	9	j3s7			0	to terrorize a secure Cush	Alternate translation: “in order to frighten Cush, who now feels safe from danger”
-EZK	30	9	q7r7	figs-abstractnouns		0	there will be anguish among them on the day of Egypt’s doom	The abstract noun “anguish” and “doom” can be translated with the words “suffer” and “punish.” Alternate translation: “the people of Cush will also suffer when I punish Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	30	9	q7r7	figs-abstractnouns		0	there will be anguish among them on the day of Egypt’s doom	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas behind the words **anguish** and **doom**, you could express the same ideas with the words “suffer” and “punish.” Alternate translation: “the people of Cush will also suffer when I punish Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	30	9	s8gg			0	behold!	The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as “indeed!”
 EZK	30	9	i4r1			0	It is coming	“It” refers to the “great pain” or “great sorrow” that Cush will have when they are punished along with Egypt.
 EZK	30	10	x5ln			0	The Lord Yahweh says this	The word “this” refers to what follows. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md).
@@ -1938,7 +1938,7 @@ EZK	30	16	gk59			0	Memphis	Memphis was a very important city in Egypt. See how y
 EZK	30	17	p2jj			0	General Information:	These are Yahweh’s words about Egypt.
 EZK	30	17	ax38	translate-names		0	Heliopolis and Bubastis	These were cities in northern Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 EZK	30	17	s7a4	figs-metonymy		0	will fall by the sword	The word “sword” is used here to refer to a battle or war. Alternate translation: “will die in battle” or “will die in the war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-EZK	30	17	ht2j	figs-metonymy		0	their cities will go into captivity	Here “cities” represents the people of the cities. The abstract noun “captivity” can be expressed with the more concrete noun “captive” or the verb “capture” Alternate translation: “the people of their cities will become captives” or “their enemies will capture their people and take them away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+EZK	30	17	ht2j	figs-metonymy		0	their cities will go into captivity	Here “cities” represents the people of the cities. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **captivity**, you could express the same idea the more concrete noun “captive” or the verb “capture” Alternate translation: “the people of their cities will become captives” or “their enemies will capture their people and take them away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 EZK	30	18	h434			0	Tahpanhes	This was an important city in northern Egypt.
 EZK	30	18	mtp2	figs-personification		0	the day will hold back its light	The day is spoken of as if it were able to keep its own light from shining. Alternate translation: “the day will be dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 EZK	30	18	pwv1	figs-metaphor		0	when I break the yoke of Egypt there	The word “yoke” here refers to Egypt’s power to oppress people. Alternate translation: “when I stop Egypt from oppressing people” or “when I end Egypt’s power to cruelly control other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -2017,7 +2017,7 @@ EZK	31	13	uf9q			0	every animal of the field came to its branches	Alternate tran
 EZK	31	14	gp3y			0	that no other trees that grow by the waters	Alternate translation: “that no other trees that get a lot of water”
 EZK	31	14	m4jh			0	will lift up their foliage to the height of the tallest trees	Some Bibles translate this as “will set their tops among the clouds.” Alternate translation: “will grow taller than the branches of other trees”
 EZK	31	14	wzz1			0	that no other trees that grow beside the waters will reach up to that height	Alternate translation: “that no other trees that get a lot of water will ever grow that tall again”
-EZK	31	14	s7d5	figs-activepassive		0	All of them have been assigned to death, to the earth below	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. And the abstract noun “death” can be stated “die.” Alternate translation: “For I made it so that they all will die and go deep under the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	31	14	s7d5	figs-activepassive		0	All of them have been assigned to death, to the earth below	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **death**, you could express the same idea with the verb “die.” Alternate translation: “For I made it so that they all will die and go deep under the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	31	14	atm7			0	among the children of humanity, with those that go down to the pit	Alternate translation: “to be with those people who have died and gone down to the grave”
 EZK	31	14	ne1g	figs-metonymy		0	the pit	This refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 26:20](../26/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 EZK	31	15	qq6r	figs-idiom		0	On the day when the cedar went down to Sheol	The phrase “went down to Sheol” means “died.” Alternate translation: “On the day that the cedar died” or “On the day that the cedar was chopped down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -2132,7 +2132,7 @@ EZK	32	26	ev99			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel ab
 EZK	32	26	z1f7			0	Meshech … Tubal	See how you translated these names in [Ezekiel 27:13](../27/13.md).
 EZK	32	26	yyc8			0	Their graves surround them	See how you translated “her graves surround her” in [Ezekiel 32:22](../32/22.md).
 EZK	32	26	cz8c	figs-metonymy		0	killed by the sword	Here “the sword” represents warfare. Alternate translation: “killed in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-EZK	32	26	f99x	figs-abstractnouns		0	they had brought their terrors on the land of the living	Causing people to fear is spoken of as if it were the act of bringing an object to them. The abstract noun “terrors” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “they terrified everyone in the land of the living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	32	26	f99x	figs-abstractnouns		0	they had brought their terrors on the land of the living	Causing people to fear is spoken of as if it were the act of bringing an object to them. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terrors**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “they terrified everyone in the land of the living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	32	26	d3ir			0	All of them … land of the living	See how you translated “All of them … land of the living” in [Ezekiel 32:25](../32/25.md).
 EZK	32	27	yw5h	figs-metaphor		0	their iniquities over their bones	The warriors’ iniquities cover their bodies, although one would expect that their shields would cover them in death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EZK	32	27	ib2c			0	they were the terror of warriors in the land of the living	Alternate translation: “while they were still alive, they made other warriors very afraid”
@@ -2359,7 +2359,7 @@ EZK	35	3	mle2	figs-personification		0	Behold! I am against you, Mount Seir, and
 EZK	35	3	dn2p			0	Behold!	The word “Behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Listen!” or “Indeed!”
 EZK	35	3	sjk1			0	I am against you	Alternate translation: “I am your enemy” or “I oppose you”
 EZK	35	3	a49m	figs-metonymy		0	I will strike you with my hand	Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “I will use my power to strike you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-EZK	35	3	s7v8	figs-abstractnouns		0	make you a desolation	The abstract noun “desolation” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “make you desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	35	3	s7v8	figs-abstractnouns		0	make you a desolation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “make you desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	35	4	t23n	figs-explicit		0	know that I am Yahweh	When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 EZK	35	5	ix3r	figs-metaphor		0	you poured them out into the hands of the sword	This metaphor could mean: (1) “you gave them over to their enemies who killed them with swords” or (2) “you killed them with swords.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EZK	35	5	mv7g			0	at the time of their distress	Alternate translation: “at a time of disaster”
@@ -2381,7 +2381,7 @@ EZK	35	12	y3tw	figs-synecdoche		0	against the mountains of Israel	Here “mounta
 EZK	35	12	wts3	figs-activepassive		0	They have been destroyed	This phrase can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They are in ruins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EZK	35	12	uc8j	figs-metaphor		0	they have been given over to us to devour	The people of Mount Seir taking the land of Israel and using it for themselves is spoken of as if they were wild animals that would devour the mountains of Israel. Alternate translation: “they are here for us to devour” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EZK	35	14	rhr8	figs-123person		0	The Lord Yahweh says this	This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
-EZK	35	14	w5h5	figs-personification		0	I will make you a desolation	Here “you” refers to Mount Seir, but the message is for the people of Edom. The abstract noun “desolation” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because of what your people did I will make you desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	35	14	w5h5	figs-personification		0	I will make you a desolation	Here “you” refers to Mount Seir, but the message is for the people of Edom. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because of what your people did I will make you desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	35	14	bfc7	figs-metonymy		0	the entire earth rejoices	Here “earth” represents the people of the earth. The word “entire” is a generalization that refers only to people near Mount Seir. Alternate translation: “people who know that I have destroyed you rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 EZK	35	15	zg6c	figs-metaphor		0	As you rejoiced over the inheritance of the people of Israel because of its desolation	This speaks of the land that Yahweh gave to the Israelites as their inheritance. Alternate translation: “As you rejoiced when I made the land of the Israelites desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EZK	35	15	et5r			0	I will do the same to you	This could mean: (1) I will make your land desolate” or (2) “I will rejoice when your land is desolate” or (3) “I will make other people rejoice because of your desolation.”
@@ -2668,7 +2668,7 @@ EZK	39	18	fiv2	figs-irony		0	they will be rams, lambs, goats, and bulls	Yahweh i
 EZK	39	18	st13	figs-activepassive		0	they were all fattened in Bashan	That can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they all became fat while grazing in Bashan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EZK	39	19	c3t6			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message for the birds and the wild animals about what they will do to Gog.
 EZK	39	19	pmw3	figs-abstractnouns		0	to your satisfaction	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **satisfaction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “until you are satisfied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-EZK	39	19	blj8	figs-abstractnouns		0	until drunkenness	The abstract noun “drunkenness” can be stated as a adjective. Alternate translation: “until you become drunk” or “until you are intoxicated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+EZK	39	19	blj8	figs-abstractnouns		0	until drunkenness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **drunkenness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “until you become drunk” or “until you are intoxicated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 EZK	39	20	d3da	figs-metonymy		0	chariot	The metonym “chariot” refers to the men in the chariots. Alternate translation: “chariot driver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 EZK	39	20	m7yt	figs-123person		0	this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 EZK	39	21	ksy3			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh gives Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel.

en_tn_33-MIC.tsv

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ MIC	1	11	r6st			0	Zaanan	The name of this city means “go out.” They are too
 MIC	1	11	m77i			0	Beth Ezel	The name of this city means “house of taking away.”
 MIC	1	11	ad97	figs-activepassive		0	for their protection is taken away	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “for I have taken away everything that might protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 MIC	1	12	c45f			0	Maroth	The name of this city means “bitterness.”
-MIC	1	12	wuv4	figs-abstractnouns		0	disaster has come down from Yahweh	The abstract noun “disaster” is spoken of here as a solid object rolling down a hill. It can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has caused bad things to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+MIC	1	12	wuv4	figs-abstractnouns		0	disaster has come down from Yahweh	The abstract noun **disaster** is spoken of here as a solid object rolling down a hill. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **disaster**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has caused bad things to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 MIC	1	13	qn9h	translate-names		0	Lachish	The name “Lachish” sounds like “to the chariots” in Hebrew. The people are hitching their chariots to flee, not fight. Lachish was the most important city after Jerusalem in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
 MIC	1	13	t76u	figs-metonymy		0	the daughter of Zion	The word “daughter” is a metonym for the people of the city. Alternate translation: “the people of Zion” or “the people who live in Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 MIC	1	13	b2dc	figs-activepassive		0	for the transgressions of Israel were found in you	This idiom can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “for you disobeyed like the people of Israel did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])