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Bolded quoted words in Hebrews (#2302)
Co-authored-by: lrsallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org> Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2302
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en_tn_59-HEB.tsv
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@ -472,31 +472,30 @@ HEB 9 28 hv2t figs-metaphor εἰς τὸ…ἀνενεγκεῖν ἁμαρτί
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HEB 9 28 p6th figs-metonymy τὸ…ἁμαρτίας 1 the sins Here, **sins** mean the guilt that people have before God because of the sins they committed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 10 intro nev1 0 # Hebrews 10 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In this chapter, the writer finishes describing how Jesus’ sacrifice was better than the sacrifices offered in the Temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 10:5-7, 15-17, 37-38, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s judgment and reward<br><br>Holy living is important for Christians. God will hold people accountable for how they lived their Christian life. Even though there will not be eternal condemnation for Christians, ungodly actions do and will have consequences. In addition, faithful living will be rewarded. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins”<br><br>The sacrifices themselves had no redeeming power. They were effective because they were a display of faith, which was credited to the person offering the sacrifice. It was ultimately the sacrifice of Jesus which then makes these sacrifices “take away sins.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### “The covenant that I will make”<br><br>It is unclear whether this prophecy was being fulfilled as the author was writing or whether it was to occur later. The translator should try to avoid making a claim about the time this covenant begins. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
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HEB 10 1 kwq1 0 Connecting Statement: The writer shows the weakness of the law and its sacrifices, why God gave the law, and the perfection of the new priesthood and Christ’s sacrifice.
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HEB 10 1 kj83 figs-metaphor σκιὰν…ἔχων ὁ νόμος τῶν μελλόντων ἀγαθῶν 1 the law is only a shadow of the good things to come This speaks about the law as if it were a **shadow**. The author means the law is not the **good things** that God had promised. It only hints at the good things that God is going to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 1 kj83 figs-metaphor σκιὰν…ἔχων ὁ νόμος τῶν μελλόντων ἀγαθῶν 1 the law is only a shadow of the good things to come This speaks about **the law** as if it were a **shadow**. The author means the law is not the **good things** that God had promised. It only hints at the good things that God is going to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 1 r6ly οὐκ αὐτὴν τὴν εἰκόνα τῶν πραγμάτων 1 not the real forms of those things themselves Alternate translation: “not the real things themselves”
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HEB 10 2 aw6g figs-rquestion οὐκ ἂν ἐπαύσαντο προσφερόμεναι, διὰ τὸ μηδεμίαν ἔχειν ἔτι συνείδησιν ἁμαρτιῶν, τοὺς λατρεύοντας ἅπαξ κεκαθαρισμένους? 1 would the sacrifices not have ceased to be offered? The author uses a question to state that the sacrifices were limited in their power. Alternate translation: “they would have ceased being offered because no one would still have consciousness of sins, those who worship having been cleansed once for all.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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HEB 10 2 xor4 figs-activepassive οὐκ ἂν ἐπαύσαντο προσφερόμεναι 1 You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “they would have ceased offering those sacrifices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 10 2 mu42 figs-metaphor τοὺς λατρεύοντας ἅπαξ κεκαθαρισμένους 1 the worshipers would have been cleansed Here being **cleansed** represents no longer being guilty of sin. Alternate translation: “those who worship no longer being guilty of sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 2 mu42 figs-metaphor τοὺς λατρεύοντας ἅπαξ κεκαθαρισμένους 1 the worshipers would have been cleansed Here **having been cleansed** represents no longer being guilty of sin. Alternate translation: “those who worship no longer being guilty of sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 2 vzcg figs-activepassive τοὺς λατρεύοντας ἅπαξ κεκαθαρισμένους 1 You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the sacrifices would have taken away their sin” or “God would have made them no longer guilty of sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 10 2 m9tj τὸ μηδεμίαν ἔχειν ἔτι συνείδησιν ἁμαρτιῶν 1 would no longer have any consciousness of sin AT: “they would no longer think that they are guilty of sin” or “would know that they are no longer guilty of sin”
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HEB 10 2 m9tj τὸ μηδεμίαν ἔχειν ἔτι συνείδησιν ἁμαρτιῶν 1 would no longer have any consciousness of sin Alternate translation: “they would no longer think that they are guilty of sin” or “would know that they are no longer guilty of sin”
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HEB 10 4 di8i figs-metaphor ἀδύνατον γὰρ αἷμα ταύρων καὶ τράγων ἀφαιρεῖν ἁμαρτίας 1 For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins Here, **sins** are spoken of as if they were objects that animal **blood** could sweep away as it flowed. Alternate translation: “For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to cause God to forgive sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 4 bvu5 figs-metonymy αἷμα ταύρων καὶ τράγων 1 the blood of bulls and goats Here, **blood** refers to these animals dying as sacrifices to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 10 5 q4ye 0 General Information: Christ’s words when he was on earth were foretold in this quotation from a psalm of David.
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HEB 10 5 ml8e figs-you οὐκ ἠθέλησας 1 you did not desire Here, **you** is singular and refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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HEB 10 5 cu51 σῶμα…κατηρτίσω 1 a body you have prepared Alternate translation: “you have made a body ready”
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HEB 10 7 zn6c τότε εἶπον 1 Then I said Here, **I** refers to Christ.
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HEB 10 8 c8eb 0 General Information: Though changing the wording slightly, the author repeats these quotations from a psalm of David for emphasis.
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HEB 10 8 rlv8 θυσίας…προσφορὰς 1 sacrifices … offerings See how you translated the words **Sacrifices** and **offerings** in [Hebrews 10:5](../10/05.md).
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HEB 10 8 n7kc ὁλοκαυτώματα…περὶ ἁμαρτίας 1 whole burnt offerings … sacrifices for sin See how you translated **whole burnt offerings** and **sin offerings** in [Hebrews 10:6](../10/06.md).
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HEB 10 8 d3ek figs-activepassive αἵτινες…προσφέρονται 1 that are offered You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that priests offer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 10 9 k5kv ἰδοὺ 1 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
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HEB 10 9 rxtb figs-metaphor ἀναιρεῖ τὸ πρῶτον, ἵνα τὸ δεύτερον στήσῃ 1 Stopping doing it is spoken of as if it were an object that could be taken away. Starting the second way of atoning for sins is spoken of as establishing that practice. Alternate translation: “He stops people atoning for sins the first way in order to atone for sins the second way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 9 rxtb figs-metaphor ἀναιρεῖ τὸ πρῶτον, ἵνα τὸ δεύτερον στήσῃ 1 Stopping the **first practice** is spoken of as if it were an object that could be taken away. Starting the **second practice** is spoken of as establishing that practice. Alternate translation: “He stops people atoning for sins the first way in order to atone for sins the second way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 9 ja8n translate-ordinal τὸ πρῶτον…τὸ δεύτερον 1 first practice … the second practice The words **first** and **second** are ordinal numbers. Alternate translation: “the old practice … the new practice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
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HEB 10 10 xj9i figs-activepassive ἡγιασμένοι ἐσμὲν 1 we have been sanctified You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God has sanctified us” or “God has dedicated us to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 10 10 xk24 figs-abstractnouns διὰ τῆς προσφορᾶς τοῦ σώματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ The abstract noun **offering** can be expressed with the verb “offer” or “sacrifice.” Alternate translation: “because Jesus Christ offered his body as a sacrifice” or “because Jesus Christ sacrificed his body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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HEB 10 11 jq4i figs-metaphor οὐδέποτε δύνανται περιελεῖν ἁμαρτίας 1 can never take away sins This speaks of **sins** as if they are an object that a person can **take away**. Alternate translation: “can never cause God to forgive sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 11 jq4i figs-metaphor οὐδέποτε δύνανται περιελεῖν ἁμαρτίας 1 can never take away sins This speaks of **sins** as if they are objects that a person can **take away**. Alternate translation: “can never cause God to forgive sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 12 fy8w translate-symaction ἐκάθισεν ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 he sat down at the right hand of God To sit at the **right hand of God** is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Hebrews 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “he sat down at the place of honor and authority beside God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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HEB 10 13 s6sn figs-metaphor ἕως τεθῶσιν οἱ ἐχθροὶ αὐτοῦ ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ 1 until his enemies are made a stool for his feet The humiliation of Christ’s enemies is spoken of as if they were made a place for him to rest **his feet**. Alternate translation: “until God humiliates Christ’s enemies and they become like a stool for his feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 13 s6sn figs-metaphor ἕως τεθῶσιν οἱ ἐχθροὶ αὐτοῦ ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ 1 until his enemies are made a stool for his feet The humiliation of Christ’s **enemies** is spoken of as if they were made a place for him to rest **his feet**. Alternate translation: “until God humiliates Christ’s enemies and they become like a stool for his feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 13 qnby figs-activepassive ἕως τεθῶσιν οἱ ἐχθροὶ αὐτοῦ ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ 1 You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “until God makes Christ’s enemies like a stool for his feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 10 14 dz9n figs-activepassive τοὺς ἁγιαζομένους 1 those who are being sanctified You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom God is sanctifying” or “those whom God has dedicated to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 10 15 qk8j 0 General Information: This is a quotation from the prophet Jeremiah in the Old Testament.
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@ -508,30 +507,30 @@ HEB 10 17 vkw4 0 General Information: This continues the quotation from the pr
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HEB 10 17 qn7w τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν, καὶ τῶν ἀνομιῶν αὐτῶν, οὐ μὴ μνησθήσομαι ἔτι 1 Their sins and lawless deeds I will remember no longer.” This is the second part of the Holy Spirit’s testimony ([Hebrews 10:15-16](./15.md)).
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HEB 10 17 pql9 figs-doublet τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν, καὶ τῶν ἀνομιῶν αὐτῶν 1 Their sins and lawless deeds The words **sins** and **lawless deeds** mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize how bad the sin is. Alternate translation: “The things they did that were forbidden and how they broke the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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HEB 10 18 pje1 δὲ 1 Now **Now** is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. It does not mean “at this moment.”
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HEB 10 18 pjh5 figs-abstractnouns ὅπου…ἄφεσις 1 where there is forgiveness for these You can reword this to express the abstract noun **forgiveness** with the verb “forgive.” Alternate translation: “when God has forgiven these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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HEB 10 18 pjh5 figs-abstractnouns ὅπου…ἄφεσις τούτων 1 where there is forgiveness for these You can reword this to express the abstract noun **forgiveness** with the verb “forgive.” Alternate translation: “when God has forgiven these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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HEB 10 18 z351 figs-abstractnouns οὐκέτι προσφορὰ περὶ ἁμαρτίας 1 there is no longer any sacrifice for sin You can reword this to express the abstract noun **sacrifice** with the verb “make offerings.” Alternate translation: “people no longer need to make offerings for sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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HEB 10 19 ih5u 0 Connecting Statement: Having made it clear that there is only one sacrifice for sin, the writer continues with the picture of the most holy place in the temple, where only the high priest could enter each year with the blood of the sacrifice for sins. He reminds the believers that they now worship God in his presence as if they were standing in the most holy place.
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HEB 10 19 f6g3 figs-metaphor ἀδελφοί 1 brothers Here, **brothers** refers to all believers in Christ whether male or female. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” or “fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 19 fii7 figs-metaphor τῶν ἁγίων 1 the most holy place Here, **the holy place** refers to the presence of God, not the most holy place in the old tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 19 zl87 figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ αἵματι Ἰησοῦ 1 by the blood of Jesus Here, **blood of Jesus** refers to the death of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 10 20 l7wh ὁδὸν πρόσφατον καὶ ζῶσαν 1 living way This could mean: (1) the **new** **way** to God that Jesus has provided results in believers **living** forever. (2) Jesus is alive, and he is the **way** believers enter into the presence of God.
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HEB 10 20 c3ve figs-metaphor διὰ τοῦ καταπετάσματος 1 through the curtain The **curtain** in the earthly temple represents the separation between people and God’s true presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 20 c3ve figs-metaphor διὰ τοῦ καταπετάσματος 1 through the curtain The **curtain** in the earthly temple represented the separation between people and God’s true presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 20 ega9 figs-metonymy τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ 1 his flesh Here, **flesh** stands for the body of Jesus, and his body stands for his sacrificial death. Alternate translation: “by means of his death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 10 21 uh6i καὶ ἱερέα μέγαν ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 we have a great priest over the house of God This must be translated in such a way as to make it clear that Jesus is this **great priest**.
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HEB 10 21 bmh1 ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον 1 over the house Alternate translation: “in charge of the house”
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HEB 10 21 d1u1 figs-metaphor τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the house of God This speaks about God’s people as if they were a literal **house**. Alternate translation: “all the people of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 21 d1u1 figs-metaphor τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the house of God This speaks about God’s people as if they were a literal **house** for him. Alternate translation: “all the people of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 22 l4ik figs-metonymy προσερχώμεθα 1 let us approach Here, **approach** stands for worshiping God, as a priest would go up to God’s altar to sacrifice animals to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 10 22 wez1 figs-metonymy μετὰ ἀληθινῆς καρδίας 1 with true hearts Here, **hearts** stands for the genuine will and motivation of the believers. Alternate translation: “with sincerity” or “with sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 10 22 wez1 figs-metonymy μετὰ ἀληθινῆς καρδίας 1 with true hearts Here, **true hearts** stands for the genuine will and motivation of the believers. Alternate translation: “with sincerity” or “with sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 10 22 i7ti ἐν πληροφορίᾳ πίστεως 1 in the full assurance of faith Alternate translation: “and with a confident faith” or “and trusting completely in Jesus”
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HEB 10 22 zkg5 figs-activepassive ῥεραντισμένοι τὰς καρδίας 1 having our hearts sprinkled clean You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as if had he made our hearts clean with his blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 10 22 w775 figs-metonymy ῥεραντισμένοι τὰς καρδίας 1 hearts sprinkled clean Here, **hearts** is a metonym for the conscience, the awareness of right and wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 10 22 oa1s figs-metaphor ῥεραντισμένοι τὰς καρδίας 1 Being made **clean** is a metaphor for being forgiven and being given the status of righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 22 pc1a translate-symaction ῥεραντισμένοι 1 sprinkled Sprinkling was a symbolic action done by the priests by which they applied the benefits of the covenant to people and to objects. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 9:19](../09/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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HEB 10 22 p2sk figs-activepassive λελουμένοι τὸ σῶμα ὕδατι καθαρῷ 1 having our bodies washed with pure water You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as if he had washed our bodies in pure water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 10 22 tk9p figs-metaphor λελουμένοι τὸ σῶμα ὕδατι καθαρῷ 1 our bodies washed with pure water The **washing** stands for the believer being made acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 22 qr4b figs-metonymy λελουμένοι τὸ σῶμα ὕδατι καθαρῷ 1 If the translator understands this phrase as referring to Christian baptism, then **water** is literal, not figurative. But if water is taken as literal, then “pure” is figurative, standing for the spiritual purity that baptism is said here to accomplish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 10 22 tk9p figs-metaphor λελουμένοι τὸ σῶμα ὕδατι καθαρῷ 1 our bodies washed with pure water This **washing** stands for the believer being made acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 22 qr4b figs-metonymy λελουμένοι τὸ σῶμα ὕδατι καθαρῷ 1 If the translator understands this phrase as referring to Christian baptism, then **water** is literal, not figurative. But if **water** is taken as literal, then **pure** is figurative, standing for the spiritual purity that baptism is said here to accomplish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 10 23 k5ui figs-metaphor κατέχωμεν τὴν ὁμολογίαν τῆς ἐλπίδος 1 Let us also hold tightly to the confession of our hope Here, **hold tightly** is a metaphor that refers to a person determining to do something and refusing to stop. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 23 n57o figs-abstractnouns κατέχωμεν τὴν ὁμολογίαν τῆς ἐλπίδος 1 You can translate the abstract nouns “confession” and “expectation” as verbs. Alternate translation: “Let us be determined to continue confessing the things that we confidently expect from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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HEB 10 23 n57o figs-abstractnouns κατέχωμεν τὴν ὁμολογίαν τῆς ἐλπίδος 1 You can translate the abstract nouns **confession** and **hope** as verbs. Alternate translation: “Let us be determined to continue confessing the things that we confidently expect from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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HEB 10 23 jy4t figs-metaphor ἀκλινῆ 1 without wavering Being uncertain about something is spoken of as if he were **wavering** or leaning from side to side. Alternate translation: “without being unsure” or “without doubting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 25 v4fa figs-explicit μὴ ἐγκαταλείποντες τὴν ἐπισυναγωγὴν ἑαυτῶν 1 Let us not stop meeting together You can make explicit that the people met to worship. Alternate translation: “let us not stop coming together to worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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HEB 10 25 rqfz figs-metonymy ὅσῳ βλέπετε ἐγγίζουσαν τὴν ἡμέραν 1 Here, **the day** refers to when Jesus will return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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@ -543,9 +542,9 @@ HEB 10 26 b1r7 figs-explicit τῆς ἀληθείας 1 the truth This refers t
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HEB 10 26 l7sv figs-explicit οὐκέτι περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἀπολείπεται θυσία 1 a sacrifice for sins no longer exists No one is able to give a new **sacrifice** because Christ’s sacrifice is the only one that works. Alternate translation: “no one can offer a sacrifice for which God will forgive our sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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HEB 10 26 sil4 περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν…θυσία 1 a sacrifice for sins Here, **sacrifice for sins** stands for “an effective way to sacrifice animals to take away sins”
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HEB 10 27 fza4 figs-explicit κρίσεως 1 of judgment Here, **judgment**, refers to when God will judge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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HEB 10 27 t6da figs-metaphor πυρὸς ζῆλος ἐσθίειν μέλλοντος τοὺς ὑπεναντίους 1 a fury of fire that will consume God’s enemies God’s fury is spoken of as if it were fire that would burn up his **enemies**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 27 t6da figs-metaphor πυρὸς ζῆλος ἐσθίειν μέλλοντος τοὺς ὑπεναντίους 1 a fury of fire that will consume God’s enemies God’s **zeal** is spoken of as if it were fire that would burn up his **enemies**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 28 c1aj figs-explicit δυσὶν ἢ τρισὶν μάρτυσιν 1 two or three witnesses It is implied that this means “of at least two or three witness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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HEB 10 29 gv5z figs-exclamations πόσῳ δοκεῖτε χείρονος, ἀξιωθήσεται τιμωρίας, ὁ τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ καταπατήσας, καὶ τὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης κοινὸν ἡγησάμενος, ἐν ᾧ ἡγιάσθη, καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος ἐνυβρίσας! 1 How much worse punishment do you think one deserves … grace? The author is emphasizing the greatness of the punishment for those who reject Christ. Alternate translation: “This was severe punishment. But the punishment will be even greater for anyone who has trampled underfoot the Son of God, and has considered the blood of the covenant—by which he was sanctified—{as} profane, and has insulted the Spirit of grace!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
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HEB 10 29 gv5z figs-exclamations πόσῳ δοκεῖτε χείρονος, ἀξιωθήσεται τιμωρίας, ὁ τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ καταπατήσας, καὶ τὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης κοινὸν ἡγησάμενος, ἐν ᾧ ἡγιάσθη, καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος ἐνυβρίσας! 1 How much worse punishment do you think one deserves … grace? The author is emphasizing the greatness of the **punishment** for those who reject Christ. Alternate translation: “This was severe punishment. But the punishment will be even greater for anyone who has trampled underfoot the Son of God, and has considered the blood of the covenant—by which he was sanctified—{as} profane, and has insulted the Spirit of grace!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
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HEB 10 29 jd69 figs-metaphor τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ καταπατήσας 1 has trampled underfoot the Son of God Disregarding Christ and scorning him are spoken of as if someone had walked on him. Alternate translation: “has rejected the Son of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 29 d2z9 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the Son of God **Son of God** is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
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HEB 10 29 m7lw τὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης κοινὸν ἡγησάμενος 1 who treated the blood of the covenant as unholy This shows how the person has trampled the Son of God. Alternate translation: “treated the blood of the covenant … as unholy”
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@ -556,7 +555,7 @@ HEB 10 30 ynr1 figs-exclusive οἴδαμεν 1 General Information: The word **
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HEB 10 30 vub5 ἐμοὶ ἐκδίκησις; ἐγὼ ἀνταποδώσω…κρινεῖ Κύριος τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ 1 These two quotations come from the law that Moses gave in the Old Testament.
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HEB 10 30 v8ad figs-metaphor ἐμοὶ ἐκδίκησις 1 Vengeance belongs to me **Vengeance** is spoken of as if it were an object that belongs to God, who has the right to do as he wishes with what he owns. God has the right to take vengeance on his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 30 pdw9 figs-metaphor ἐγὼ ἀνταποδώσω 1 I will pay back God taking vengeance is spoken of as if he were paying back the harmful things that someone has done to others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 31 hhu7 figs-metaphor τὸ ἐμπεσεῖν εἰς χεῖρας 1 to fall into the hands Receiving God’s full punishment is spoken of as if the person falls into God’s **hands**. Alternate translation: “to receive the full punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 31 hhu7 figs-metaphor τὸ ἐμπεσεῖν εἰς χεῖρας 1 to fall into the hands Receiving God’s full punishment is spoken of as if the person were **to fall** into God’s **hands**. Alternate translation: “to receive the full punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 31 mr1p figs-metonymy τὸ ἐμπεσεῖν εἰς χεῖρας 1 Here, **hands** refers to God’s power to judge. Alternate translation: “into the judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 10 32 tlh3 τὰς πρότερον ἡμέρας 1 the former days Alternate translation: “the time in the past”
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HEB 10 32 p3q3 figs-metaphor φωτισθέντες 1 after you were enlightened Learning the truth is spoken of as if God shined a light on the person. Alternate translation: “after you had learned the truth about Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -570,7 +569,7 @@ HEB 10 35 bksd figs-abstractnouns μὴ ἀποβάλητε οὖν τὴν πα
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HEB 10 37 st8v figs-explicit ἔτι γὰρ μικρὸν ὅσον, ὅσον 1 For in a very little while You can make explicit who is speaking. Alternate translation: “As God said in the scriptures, ‘For in a very little while” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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HEB 10 37 cna2 ἔτι…μικρὸν ὅσον, ὅσον 1 in a very little while Alternate translation: “very soon”
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HEB 10 38 j2ck 0 General Information: In 10:38 the author quotes from the prophet Habakkuk, which directly follows the quotation from the prophet Isaiah in 10:37.
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HEB 10 38 j6d1 figs-genericnoun ὁ…δίκαιός μου…ἐὰν ὑποστείληται…ἐν αὐτῷ 1 My righteous one … If he shrinks … with him These refer to any of God’s people in general. Alternate translation: “my faithful people … If any one of them shrinks … with that person” or “my faithful people … If they shrink … with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
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HEB 10 38 j6d1 figs-genericnoun ὁ…δίκαιός μου…ἐὰν ὑποστείληται…ἐν αὐτῷ 1 My righteous one … If he shrinks … with him Here, **my righteous one**, **he**, and **him** refer to any of God’s people in general. Alternate translation: “my faithful people … If any one of them shrinks … with that person” or “my faithful people … If they shrink … with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
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HEB 10 38 r8mh ὁ…ψυχή μου 1 My righteous … I will Here, both occurrences of **my** refer to God.
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HEB 10 39 i9zh figs-metaphor ὑποστολῆς εἰς ἀπώλειαν 1 who turn back to destruction A person who loses courage and faith are spoken of as if he were stepping back in fear from something. And **destruction** is spoken of as if it were a destination. Alternate translation: “who stop trusting God, which will cause him to destroy us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 10 39 dv8y figs-metaphor εἰς περιποίησιν ψυχῆς 1 for keeping our soul Living eternally with God is spoken of as if it were keeping one’s **soul**. Alternate translation: “so that his soul will live with God forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -594,45 +593,45 @@ HEB 11 5 ki2t figs-metaphor ἰδεῖν θάνατον 1 see death This speaks
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HEB 11 5 kb5l figs-activepassive πρὸ…τῆς μεταθέσεως 1 before he was taken up You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “before God took him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 11 5 jbx2 figs-activepassive μεμαρτύρηται εὐηρεστηκέναι τῷ Θεῷ 1 it was testified that he had pleased God You can state this in active form. This could mean: (1) God said that Enoch had pleased him. (2) people said that Enoch pleased God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 11 6 hd94 χωρὶς δὲ πίστεως 1 Now without faith **Now** does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
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HEB 11 6 r9nb figs-doublenegatives χωρὶς…πίστεως, ἀδύνατον εὐαρεστῆσαι 1 without faith it is impossible to please him You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “a person can please God only if he has faith in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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HEB 11 6 r9nb figs-doublenegatives χωρὶς…πίστεως, ἀδύνατον εὐαρεστῆσαι 1 without faith it is impossible to please him You can state the double negative **without … impossible** in positive form. Alternate translation: “a person can please God only if he has faith in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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HEB 11 6 b438 figs-metaphor τὸν προσερχόμενον τῷ Θεῷ 1 that anyone coming to God Wanting to worship God and belong to his people is spoken of as if the person is literally coming **to God**. Alternate translation: “that anyone who wants to belong to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 11 6 xl5v τοῖς ἐκζητοῦσιν…μισθαποδότης γίνεται 1 he is a rewarder of those Alternate translation: “he rewards those who seek”
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HEB 11 6 i8e9 figs-metaphor τοῖς ἐκζητοῦσιν αὐτὸν 1 those who seek him People who learn about God and make an effort to obey him are spoken of as if they were seeking to find him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 11 7 r67b figs-activepassive χρηματισθεὶς 1 having been given a divine message You can state this in active form and in other terms. Alternate translation: “because God told him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 11 7 p3pn figs-activepassive περὶ τῶν μηδέπω βλεπομένων 1 about things not yet seen You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “about things no one had ever seen before” or “about events that had not happened yet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 11 7 pf7b figs-metonymy τὸν κόσμον 1 the world Here, **world** refers to the world’s human population. Alternate translation: “the people living in the world at that time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 11 7 c9yc figs-metaphor τῆς…δικαιοσύνης, ἐγένετο κληρονόμος 1 became an heir of the righteousness Noah is spoken of as if he were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. Alternate translation: “received from God the righteousness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 11 7 pf7b figs-metonymy τὸν κόσμον 1 the world Here, **the world** refers to the world’s human population. Alternate translation: “the people living in the world at that time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 11 7 c9yc figs-metaphor τῆς…δικαιοσύνης, ἐγένετο κληρονόμος 1 became an heir of the righteousness Noah receiving **righteousness** is spoken of as if he were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. Alternate translation: “received from God the righteousness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 11 7 et9l κατὰ πίστιν 1 that is according to faith Alternate translation: “that God gives to those who have faith in him”
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HEB 11 8 a7c2 figs-activepassive καλούμενος 1 when he was called You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “when God called him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 11 8 kkt5 ἐξελθεῖν εἰς τόπον 1 went out to the place Alternate translation: “to leave his home to go to the place”
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HEB 11 8 d1zf figs-metaphor ὃν ἤμελλεν λαμβάνειν εἰς κληρονομίαν 1 that he was to receive as an inheritance The land that God promised to give Abraham’s descendants is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Abraham was to receive. Alternate translation: “that God would give him for an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 11 8 d1zf figs-metaphor ὃν ἤμελλεν λαμβάνειν εἰς κληρονομίαν 1 that he was to receive as an inheritance The land that God promised to give Abraham’s descendants is spoken of as if it were **an inheritance** that Abraham was **going to receive**. Alternate translation: “that God would give him for an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 11 8 sq21 ἐξῆλθεν 1 He went out Alternate translation: “he left his home”
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HEB 11 9 pmb6 figs-abstractnouns παρῴκησεν εἰς γῆν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας ὡς ἀλλοτρίαν 1 he lived in the land of promise as a foreigner You can express the abstract noun **promise** with the verb “promised.” Alternate translation: “he lived as a foreigner in the land God had promised to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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HEB 11 9 s5fw figs-metaphor τῶν συνκληρονόμων 1 fellow heirs This speaks about Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob as if they were **heirs** that would receive an inheritance from their father. Alternate translation: “heirs together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 11 9 s5fw figs-metaphor τῶν συνκληρονόμων 1 fellow heirs This speaks about Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob as if they were **fellow heirs** that would receive an inheritance from their father. Alternate translation: “heirs together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 11 10 f3z8 figs-metonymy τὴν τοὺς θεμελίους ἔχουσαν πόλιν 1 the city with foundations Having **foundations** indicates that the city is permanent. Alternate translation: “the eternal city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 11 10 fd98 ἧς τεχνίτης καὶ δημιουργὸς ὁ Θεός 1 whose architect and builder is God Alternate translation: “which God designed and built” or “which God would design and build”
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HEB 11 10 ufe6 τεχνίτης 1 architect An **architect** a person who designs buildings and cities.
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HEB 11 11 mk6i πίστει καὶ αὐτῇ Σάρρᾳ δύναμιν εἰς καταβολὴν σπέρματος ἔλαβεν, καὶ παρὰ καιρὸν ἡλικίας, ἐπεὶ…ἡγήσατο 1 It was by faith, even though Sarah herself was barren, that Abraham received ability to father a child. This happened even though he was too old, since he considered The verbs **received** and **considered** could be either masculine or feminine. Some versions interpret this verse as referring to Abraham. “By faith Abraham, even though Sarah herself was beyond the time of full age, received power to bear children, since he considered”
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HEB 11 11 mtf2 figs-abstractnouns πίστει 1 It was by faith You can express the abstract noun **faith** with the verb “believe.” This could mean: (1) this happened because of Abraham’s faith. Alternate translation: “It was because Abraham believed God” (2) this happened because of Sarah’s faith. Alternate translation: “It was because Sarah believed God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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HEB 11 11 dgu6 δύναμιν εἰς καταβολὴν σπέρματος ἔλαβεν 1 received ability to father a child Alternate translation: “received ability to become a father” or “received ability to have a child”
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HEB 11 11 wgp6 ἐπεὶ πιστὸν ἡγήσατο τὸν ἐπαγγειλάμενον 1 since she considered as faithful the one who had given the promise Alternate translation: “because he believed God, who had give the promise, to be faithful”
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HEB 11 11 wgp6 ἐπεὶ πιστὸν ἡγήσατο τὸν ἐπαγγειλάμενον 1 since she considered as faithful the one who had given the promise Alternate translation: “because he believed God, who had given the promise, to be faithful”
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HEB 11 12 x8b2 figs-simile ἐγεννήθησαν…καθὼς τὰ ἄστρα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τῷ πλήθει, καὶ ὡς ἡ ἄμμος, ἡ παρὰ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης, ἡ ἀναρίθμητος 1 descendants as many as the stars in the sky and as countless as sand by the seashore This simile means Abraham had very many descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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HEB 11 12 mu4e ὡς ἡ ἄμμος, ἡ παρὰ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης, ἡ ἀναρίθμητος 1 as countless as sand by the seashore This means that just as there are so many grains of **sand** on the seashore that no one can count them all, Abraham had so many descendants that no one can count them all.
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HEB 11 13 yin6 figs-metaphor μὴ λαβόντες τὰς ἐπαγγελίας 1 without receiving the promises This speaks of **promises** as if they are objects that a person receives. Alternate translation: “without receiving what God had promised them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 11 12 mu4e ὡς ἡ ἄμμος, ἡ παρὰ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης, ἡ ἀναρίθμητος 1 as countless as sand by the seashore Here, **countless as the sand along the shore of the sea** means that just as there are so many grains of **sand** on the seashore that no one can count them all, Abraham had so many descendants that no one can count them all.
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HEB 11 13 yin6 figs-metaphor μὴ λαβόντες τὰς ἐπαγγελίας 1 without receiving the promises This speaks of **the promises** as if they are objects that a person receives. Alternate translation: “without receiving what God had promised them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 11 13 g5ut figs-metaphor πόρρωθεν αὐτὰς ἰδόντες καὶ ἀσπασάμενοι 1 after seeing and greeting them from far off Future promised events are spoken of as if they were travelers arriving from far away. Alternate translation: “after learning what God will do in the future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 11 13 n71b ὁμολογήσαντες 1 they admitted Alternate translation: “they acknowledged” or “they accepted”
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HEB 11 13 q1nq figs-doublet ξένοι καὶ παρεπίδημοί εἰσιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς 1 they were foreigners and exiles on earth Here, **foreigners** and **exiles** mean basically the same thing. This emphasizes that this earth was not their true home. They were waiting for their true home that God would make for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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HEB 11 14 xwa4 πατρίδα 1 a homeland Alternate translation: “a country for them to belong to”
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HEB 11 16 ea1a ἐπουρανίου 1 heavenly one Alternate translation: “a heavenly country” or “a country in heaven”
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HEB 11 16 cvh1 figs-activepassive οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς, Θεὸς ἐπικαλεῖσθαι αὐτῶν 1 God is not ashamed to be called their God You can express this in active form. Alternate translation: “God is not ashamed that they call him their God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 11 16 zfir figs-litotes οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς, Θεὸς ἐπικαλεῖσθαι αὐτῶν 1 You can express this in positive form. Alternate translation: “God is proud to have them say that he is their God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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HEB 11 16 zfir figs-litotes οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς, Θεὸς ἐπικαλεῖσθαι αὐτῶν 1 The writer expressed this in a negative form to stress that God was proud to be **their God**. You can express this in positive form. Alternate translation: “God is proud to have them say that he is their God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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HEB 11 17 bk7a figs-activepassive πειραζόμενος 1 when he was tested You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “when God tested him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 11 18 wy2j figs-activepassive πρὸς ὃν ἐλαλήθη 1 to whom it had been said You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God had said to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 11 18 c23z figs-metonymy κληθήσεταί σοι σπέρμα 1 your descendants will be named Here, **named** means assigned or designated. Alternate translation: “your descendants will be designated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 11 18 g294 figs-activepassive κληθήσεταί σοι σπέρμα 1 You can state this sentence in active form. Alternate translation: “I will designate your descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 11 19 p43u καὶ ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγείρειν δυνατὸς ὁ Θεός 1 God was able to raise up Isaac from the dead Alternate translation: “God was able to cause Isaac to live again”
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HEB 11 19 sar1 ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγείρειν 1 to raise up … from the dead Here, **to raise up** is to make alive again. The words **from the dead** speak of all dead people together in the underworld.
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HEB 11 19 aea3 ἐν παραβολῇ 1 figuratively speaking This means that what the author says next is not to be understood literally. God did not bring Isaac back from death literally. But because Abraham was about to sacrifice Isaac when God stopped him, it was as if God brought him back from the dead. Alternate translation: “in a manner of speaking”
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HEB 11 19 sar1 καὶ ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγείρειν 1 to raise up … from the dead Here, **to raise up** is to make alive again. The words **from the dead** speak of all dead people together in the underworld.
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HEB 11 19 aea3 ἐν παραβολῇ 1 figuratively speaking Here the phrase **in a parable** means that what the author says next is not to be understood literally. God did not bring Isaac back from death literally. But because Abraham was about to sacrifice Isaac when God stopped him, it was as if God brought him back from the dead. Alternate translation: “in a manner of speaking”
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HEB 11 19 k7u3 ὅθεν 1 from there Alternate translation: “from the dead”
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HEB 11 19 g19x αὐτὸν…ἐκομίσατο 1 he received him back Alternate translation: “Abraham received Isaac back”
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HEB 11 22 lkp6 figs-euphemism τελευτῶν 1 when his end was near Here, **an end** is a polite way of referring to death. Alternate translation: “when he was about to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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@ -647,7 +646,7 @@ HEB 11 26 t588 figs-metaphor ἀπέβλεπεν…εἰς τὴν μισθαπ
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HEB 11 27 rc43 figs-simile τὸν…ἀόρατον ὡς ὁρῶν, ἐκαρτέρησεν 2 he endured as if he were seeing the one who is invisible Moses is spoken of as if he saw God, who is invisible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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HEB 11 27 cc8w τὸν…ἀόρατον 2 the one who is invisible Alternate translation: “the one no one can see”
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HEB 11 28 tz7k πεποίηκεν τὸ Πάσχα καὶ τὴν πρόσχυσιν τοῦ αἵματος 1 he kept the Passover and the sprinkling of the blood This was the first **Passover**. Moses kept it by obeying God’s commands concerning the Passover and by commanding the people to obey them every year. Alternate translation: “he commanded the people to obey God’s commands concerning the Passover and to sprinkle blood on their doors” or “he established the Passover and the sprinkling of blood”
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HEB 11 28 bef7 figs-explicit τὴν πρόσχυσιν τοῦ αἵματος 1 the sprinkling of the blood The **sprinkling of the blood** refers to God’s command to the Israelites to kill a lamb and spread its** blood** on the doorposts of every house where Israelites lived. This would prevent the destroyer from harming their firstborn sons. This was one of the Passover commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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HEB 11 28 bef7 figs-explicit τὴν πρόσχυσιν τοῦ αἵματος 1 the sprinkling of the blood Here, **the sprinkling of the blood** refers to God’s command to the Israelites to kill a lamb and spread its** blood** on the doorposts of every house where Israelites lived. This would prevent the destroyer from harming their firstborn sons. This was one of the Passover commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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HEB 11 28 bm2f figs-metonymy μὴ…θίγῃ 1 should not touch Here, **touch** refers to harming or to killing someone. Alternate translation: “would not harm” or “would not kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 11 29 a67h διέβησαν τὴν Ἐρυθρὰν Θάλασσαν 1 they passed through the Sea of Reeds Alternate translation: “the Israelites passed through the Sea of Reeds”
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HEB 11 29 hq2y figs-activepassive κατεπόθησαν 1 they were swallowed up You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the water swallowed up the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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@ -657,16 +656,16 @@ HEB 11 31 ftc8 δεξαμένη τοὺς κατασκόπους μετ’ ε
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HEB 11 32 rh6y figs-rquestion τί ἔτι λέγω? 1 What more can I say? The author uses a question to emphasize that there are many examples that he could have quoted. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “there are many more examples.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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HEB 11 32 bs7h ἐπιλείψει…με…ὁ χρόνος 1 the time will fail me Alternate translation: “I will not have enough time”
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HEB 11 32 ni55 translate-names Βαράκ 1 Barak **Barak** is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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HEB 11 33 f3jx οἳ διὰ πίστεως 1 It was through faith Here, **who** does not mean that each person listed in 11:32 did all the things the author is about to mention. The author means in general these are the kinds of things that those with faith were able to do. Alternate translation: “men like these through faith”
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HEB 11 33 v5w8 οἳ διὰ πίστεως κατηγωνίσαντο βασιλείας 1 they conquered kingdoms Here, **kingdoms** refers to the people who lived there. Alternate translation: “who through faith defeated the people of foreign kingdoms”
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HEB 11 33 f3jx οἳ διὰ πίστεως 1 It was through faith Here, **who** does not mean that each person listed in 11:32 did all the things the author is about to mention. The author means in general these are the kinds of things that those with faith were able to do. Alternate translation: “people like these through faith”
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HEB 11 33 v5w8 οἳ διὰ πίστεως κατηγωνίσαντο βασιλείας 1 they conquered kingdoms Here, **kingdoms** refers to the people who lived in in them. Alternate translation: “who through faith defeated the people of foreign kingdoms”
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HEB 11 33 u2su figs-metonymy ἔφραξαν στόματα λεόντων 1 They stopped the mouths of lions The **mouths of the lions** represents the entire lions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 11 33 p6sr figs-metaphor ἔφραξαν στόματα λεόντων 1 These words begin a list of some of the ways God saved believers from death. Preventing the lions from eating them is spoken of as stopping the mouths of the lions. Alternate translation: “kept lions from eating them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 11 33 p6sr figs-metaphor ἔφραξαν στόματα λεόντων 1 This phrase begins a list of some of the ways God saved believers from death. Preventing the **lions** from eating them is spoken of as stopping **the mouths** of the lions. Alternate translation: “kept lions from eating them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 11 34 u5hc figs-metonymy ἔσβεσαν δύναμιν πυρός 1 The **power of fire** represents being burned to death by fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 11 34 j6sv figs-metaphor ἔσβεσαν δύναμιν πυρός 1 extinguished the power of fire, escaped the edge of the sword Preventing fire from burning them to death them is spoken of as extinguishing the **power of fire**. Alternate translation: “prevented fire from burning them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 11 34 j6sv figs-metaphor ἔσβεσαν δύναμιν πυρός 1 extinguished the power of fire, escaped the edge of the sword Preventing **fire** from burning them to death them is spoken of as extinguishing the **power of fire**. Alternate translation: “prevented fire from burning them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 11 34 ppf8 figs-metonymy ἔφυγον στόματα μαχαίρης 1 The **edge of the sword** represents the entire sword and its ability to kill. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 11 34 uqnf figs-metaphor ἔφυγον στόματα μαχαίρης 1 Avoiding being killed by the sword is spoken of as escaping the **edge of the sword**. Alternate translation: “avoided being killed by the sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 11 34 uqnf figs-metaphor ἔφυγον στόματα μαχαίρης 1 Avoiding being killed by **the sword** is spoken of as escaping the **edge of the sword**. Alternate translation: “avoided being killed by the sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 11 34 iri4 figs-activepassive ἐδυναμώθησαν ἀπὸ ἀσθενείας 1 were healed of illnesses You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “received healing from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 11 35 t9sp figs-abstractnouns ἔλαβον γυναῖκες ἐξ ἀναστάσεως τοὺς νεκροὺς αὐτῶν 1 Women received back their dead by resurrection You can state the abstract noun “resurrection” with a verb. Alternate translation: “Women received their dead back alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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HEB 11 35 t9sp figs-abstractnouns ἔλαβον γυναῖκες ἐξ ἀναστάσεως τοὺς νεκροὺς αὐτῶν 1 Women received back their dead by resurrection You can state the abstract noun **resurrection** with a verb. Alternate translation: “Women received their dead back alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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HEB 11 35 av6c figs-nominaladj ἔλαβον γυναῖκες ἐξ ἀναστάσεως τοὺς νεκροὺς αὐτῶν 1 The word **dead** is a nominal adjective. You can state this as a verb. Alternate translation: “Women received back alive those who had died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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HEB 11 35 ne1u figs-explicit ἄλλοι δὲ ἐτυμπανίσθησαν, οὐ προσδεξάμενοι τὴν ἀπολύτρωσιν 1 Others were tortured, not accepting release It is implied that their enemies would have released them from prison under certain conditions. Alternate translation: “but others were tortured rather than denying their faith in order to be released from prison” or “but others were tortured rather than doing what their enemies required of them in order to release them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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HEB 11 35 j37h figs-activepassive ἄλλοι δὲ ἐτυμπανίσθησαν, οὐ προσδεξάμενοι τὴν ἀπολύτρωσιν 1 You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “but others accepted torture rather than release from prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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@ -677,43 +676,43 @@ HEB 11 37 fg8c figs-activepassive ἐλιθάσθησαν, ἐπρίσθησαν
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HEB 11 37 r3gx περιῆλθον 1 went about Alternate translation: “they went from place to place” or “they lived all the time”
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HEB 11 37 qf89 ἐν μηλωταῖς, ἐν αἰγίοις δέρμασιν 1 in sheepskins and goatskins Alternate translation: “wearing only the skins of sheep and goats”
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HEB 11 37 x2jf ὑστερούμενοι 1 destitute Alternate translation: “having nothing” or “being very poor”
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HEB 11 38 a721 figs-metonymy οὐκ ἦν ἄξιος ὁ κόσμος 1 The world was not worthy Here, **world** refers to the people. Alternate translation: “the people of this world were not worthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 11 38 a721 figs-metonymy οὐκ ἦν ἄξιος ὁ κόσμος 1 The world was not worthy Here, **the world** refers to the people who lived in the world. Alternate translation: “the people of this world were not worthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 11 38 j9lp πλανώμενοι 1 They wandered about They wandered about because they had no place to live.
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HEB 11 39 l5wd figs-activepassive οὗτοι πάντες μαρτυρηθέντες διὰ τῆς πίστεως, οὐκ ἐκομίσαντο τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν 1 Although all these people were approved by God because of their faith, they did not receive the promise You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God honored all these because of their faith, but they did not themselves receive what God had promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 11 39 vgw2 figs-metonymy τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν 1 the promise Here, **the promise** stands for “what God had promised them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 11 40 p9uu figs-activepassive ἵνα μὴ χωρὶς ἡμῶν τελειωθῶσιν 1 so that without us, they would not be made perfect You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “in order that God not would perfect them without also perfecting us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 11 40 nkci figs-doublenegatives ἵνα μὴ χωρὶς ἡμῶν τελειωθῶσιν 1 You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “in order that God would perfect both us and them together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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HEB 11 40 nkci figs-doublenegatives ἵνα μὴ χωρὶς ἡμῶν τελειωθῶσιν 1 You can state the double negative **without … not** in positive form. Alternate translation: “in order that God would perfect both us and them together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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HEB 12 intro h1qb 0 # Hebrews 12 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>After telling of the value discipline, the author begins a series of exhortations. (See; [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/exhort]])<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 12:5-6, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Discipline<br><br>God wants his people to do what is right. When they do what is wrong, he needs to correct or punish them. He does this just as earthly fathers correct and punish children whom they love. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/discipline]])
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HEB 12 1 jg6w figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς…ἡμῖν…τρέχωμεν…ἡμῖν 1 General Information: The word **we** and each occurrence of **us** refers to the author and his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
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HEB 12 1 k8mr 0 Connecting Statement: Because of this great number of Old Testament believers, the author talks of the life of faith that believers should live with Jesus as their example.
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HEB 12 1 f6u9 figs-metaphor καὶ ἡμεῖς, τοσοῦτον ἔχοντες περικείμενον ἡμῖν νέφος μαρτύρων 1 we are surrounded by such a large cloud of witnesses The writer speaks about the Old Testament believers as if they were a **cloud** that surrounded the present-day believers. Alternate translation: “since there are so many examples of faithful people about whom we learn in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 12 1 hf97 μαρτύρων 1 witnesses Here, **witnesses** refers to the Old Testament believers in chapter 11 who lived faithful lives previously.
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HEB 12 1 yw1t figs-metaphor ὄγκον ἀποθέμενοι πάντα καὶ τὴν εὐπερίστατον ἁμαρτίαν 1 let us lay aside every weight and easily entangling sin Here, **weight** and **easily entangling sin** are spoken of as if a person could take them off himself and put them down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 12 1 yw1t figs-metaphor ὄγκον ἀποθέμενοι πάντα καὶ τὴν εὐπερίστατον ἁμαρτίαν 1 let us lay aside every weight and easily entangling sin Here, **every weight** and **the easily entangling sin** are spoken of as if a person could take them off himself and put them down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 12 1 zln7 figs-metaphor ὄγκον…πάντα 1 every weight Attitudes or habits that keep believers from trusting and obeying God are spoken of as if they were loads that would make it difficult for a person to carry while running. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 12 1 t6wu figs-metaphor τὴν εὐπερίστατον ἁμαρτίαν 1 easily entangling sin Here, **sin** is spoken of as if it were a net or something else that can trip people up and make them fall. Alternate translation: “sin that makes obeying God difficult” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 12 1 g5dn figs-metaphor δι’ ὑπομονῆς, τρέχωμεν τὸν προκείμενον ἡμῖν ἀγῶνα 1 Let us patiently run the race that is placed before us Following Jesus is spoken of as if it were running a race. Alternate translation: “let us continue obeying what God has commanded us, just like a runner keeps going until the race is over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 12 1 g5dn figs-metaphor δι’ ὑπομονῆς, τρέχωμεν τὸν προκείμενον ἡμῖν ἀγῶνα 1 Let us patiently run the race that is placed before us Following Jesus is spoken of as if it were running a **race**. Alternate translation: “let us continue obeying what God has commanded us, just like a runner keeps going until the race is over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 12 2 a946 τὸν τῆς πίστεως ἀρχηγὸν καὶ τελειωτὴν 1 the founder and perfecter of the faith Jesus gives us faith and makes our faith perfect by causing us to reach our goal. Alternate translation: “the creator and finisher of our faith” or “the one who enables us to have faith from beginning to end”
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HEB 12 2 za14 figs-metaphor ἀντὶ τῆς προκειμένης αὐτῷ χαρᾶς 1 For the joy that was placed before him The **joy** that Jesus would experience is spoken of as if God the Father had **placed** it **before him** as a goal to reach. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 12 2 y7me αἰσχύνης καταφρονήσας 1 despised its shame This means Jesus hated the **shame** of dying on a cross, even though he allowed that to happen.
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HEB 12 2 vm9b translate-symaction ἐν δεξιᾷ τε τοῦ θρόνου τοῦ Θεοῦ κεκάθικεν 1 sat down at the right hand of the throne of God To sit at the **right hand** of God is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Hebrews 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “sat down at the place of honor and authority beside the throne of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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HEB 12 2 vm9b translate-symaction ἐν δεξιᾷ τε τοῦ θρόνου τοῦ Θεοῦ κεκάθικεν 1 sat down at the right hand of the throne of God To sit at the **right hand** of God is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Hebrews 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “and sat down at the place of honor and authority beside the throne of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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HEB 12 3 fsos figs-exclusive μὴ κάμητε, ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὑμῶν ἐκλυόμενοι 1 The words **you** and **your** are plural and here refer to the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
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HEB 12 3 i1xl figs-metonymy ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὑμῶν 1 weary in your hearts Here, **souls** represents a person’s thoughts and emotions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 12 4 b9b7 figs-personification οὔπω…ἀντικατέστητε, πρὸς τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἀνταγωνιζόμενοι 1 You have not yet resisted or struggled against sin Here, **sin** is spoken of as if it were a person against whom someone fights in a battle. Alternate translation: “You have not yet bled from resisting the attacks of sinners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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HEB 12 4 i4ip figs-metaphor μέχρις αἵματος 1 to the point of blood Resisting opposition so much that one dies for it is spoken of as if one reached a certain place where he would die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 12 4 uwg6 figs-metonymy αἵματος 1 of blood Here, **blood** refers to death. Alternate translation: “of death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 12 5 y6cv figs-personification τῆς παρακλήσεως, ἥτις ὑμῖν…διαλέγεται 1 the encouragement that instructs you Old Testament scripture is spoken of as if it were a person who could encourage others. Alternate translation: “what God has instructed you in the scriptures to encourage you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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HEB 12 5 y6cv figs-personification τῆς παρακλήσεως, ἥτις ὑμῖν…διαλέγεται 1 the encouragement that instructs you Old Testament scripture is spoken of as if it were a person who could exhort others. Alternate translation: “what God has instructed you in the scriptures to exhort you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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HEB 12 5 e6a9 figs-gendernotations ὡς υἱοῖς…υἱέ μου 1 as sons … My son The word translated **sons** and **son** is specifically the word for a male child. In that culture the family line continued through the sons, not normally through the daughters. However, as stated by the UST and some English versions, the author is directing his words to both males and females. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
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HEB 12 5 a7vf υἱέ μου…ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ ἐλεγχόμενος 1 My son … corrected by him Here the author is quoting from the book of Proverbs in the Old Testament, which was the words of Solomon to his male children.
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HEB 12 5 a7vf υἱέ μου, μὴ ὀλιγώρει παιδείας Κυρίου, μηδὲ ἐκλύου ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ ἐλεγχόμενος 1 My son … corrected by him Here the author is quoting from the book of Proverbs in the Old Testament, which was the words of Solomon to his male children.
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HEB 12 5 cxe9 figs-litotes μὴ ὀλιγώρει παιδείας Κυρίου, μηδὲ ἐκλύου 1 do not think lightly of the Lord’s discipline, nor grow weary You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “take it very seriously when the Lord disciplines you, and remain encouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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HEB 12 5 i1a6 figs-activepassive ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ ἐλεγχόμενος 1 you are corrected by him You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “when he corrects you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 12 6 zu3c πάντα υἱὸν ὃν παραδέχεται 1 every son whom he receives The word translated **son** is specifically the word for a male child. In that culture the family line continued through the sons, not normally through the daughters. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations)
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HEB 12 7 v1gu figs-simile ὡς υἱοῖς ὑμῖν προσφέρεται ὁ Θεός 1 God deals with you as with sons This compares God disciplining his people to a father disciplining his **sons**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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HEB 12 7 upgq figs-ellipsis ὡς υἱοῖς ὑμῖν προσφέρεται ὁ Θεός 1 You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “God deals with you the same way a father deals with his sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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HEB 12 7 i3k4 figs-gendernotations υἱοῖς…υἱὸς 1 sons … son You can state **sons** and **son** to include males and females. Alternate translation: “to children … child is there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
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HEB 12 7 jb38 figs-rquestion τίς γὰρ υἱὸς ὃν οὐ παιδεύει πατήρ? 1 what son is there whom his father does not discipline? The author makes the point through this question that every good father disciplines his children. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “Every father disciplines his children!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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HEB 12 7 i3k4 figs-gendernotations υἱοῖς…υἱὸς 1 sons … son You can translate **sons** and **son** to include males and females. Alternate translation: “to children … child is there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
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HEB 12 7 jb38 figs-rquestion τίς γὰρ υἱὸς ὃν οὐ παιδεύει πατήρ? 1 what son is there whom his father does not discipline? The author makes the point through this question that every good **father** disciplines his children. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “For every good father disciplines his children!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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HEB 12 8 kwc6 figs-abstractnouns εἰ δὲ χωρίς ἐστε παιδείας, ἧς μέτοχοι γεγόνασι πάντες 1 But if you are without discipline, which all people share in You can restate the abstract noun **discipline** with the verb “disciplining.” Alternate translation: “So if you have not experienced God disciplining you like he disciplines all his children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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HEB 12 8 s5u9 figs-metaphor ἄρα νόθοι καὶ οὐχ υἱοί ἐστε 1 then you are illegitimate and not his sons Those whom God does not discipline are spoken of as if they are **sons** born to a man and a woman who are not married each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 12 9 r4lb figs-rquestion οὐ πολὺ…μᾶλλον ὑποταγησόμεθα τῷ Πατρὶ τῶν πνευμάτων, καὶ ζήσομεν? 1 How much more should we submit to the Father of spirits and live! The author uses an question to emphasize that we should obey God the Father. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “even more so, we should obey the Father of spirits and live!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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HEB 12 9 r4lb figs-rquestion οὐ πολὺ…μᾶλλον ὑποταγησόμεθα τῷ Πατρὶ τῶν πνευμάτων, καὶ ζήσομεν? 1 How much more should we submit to the Father of spirits and live! The author uses a question to emphasize that we should obey God **the Father**. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “even more so, we should obey the Father of spirits and live!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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HEB 12 9 cl95 figs-idiom τῷ Πατρὶ τῶν πνευμάτων 1 the Father of spirits The idiom **Father of spirits** contrasts with **fathers of our flesh** earlier in this verse. Alternate translation: “our spiritual Father” or “our Father in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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HEB 12 9 pem8 καὶ ζήσομεν 1 and live Alternate translation: “so that we will live”
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HEB 12 10 l1a3 figs-metaphor εἰς τὸ μεταλαβεῖν τῆς ἁγιότητος αὐτοῦ 1 so that we can share in his holiness This metaphor speaks of **holiness** as if it were an object that can be shared among people. Alternate translation: “so that we may become holy as God is holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -729,41 +728,41 @@ HEB 12 13 c8e5 figs-activepassive μὴ…ἐκτραπῇ 1 You can state this
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HEB 12 13 wq18 figs-activepassive ἰαθῇ δὲ μᾶλλον 1 rather be healed You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “but instead become strong” or “but instead God will heal him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 12 14 g22e figs-metaphor εἰρήνην διώκετε μετὰ πάντων 1 Here, **peace** is spoken of as if it were something that a person must chase after. Alternate translation: “Seek to be at peace with everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 12 14 h45r figs-abstractnouns εἰρήνην διώκετε μετὰ πάντων 1 Pursue peace with everyone You can translate the abstract noun **peace** with an adverb. Alternate translation: “Try to live peacefully with everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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HEB 12 14 pa9a figs-doublenegatives καὶ τὸν ἁγιασμόν, οὗ χωρὶς οὐδεὶς ὄψεται τὸν Κύριον 1 also the holiness without which no one will see the Lord This can be expressed as a positive encouragement. Alternate translation: “also work hard to be holy, because only holy people will see the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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HEB 12 14 pa9a figs-doublenegatives καὶ τὸν ἁγιασμόν, οὗ χωρὶς οὐδεὶς ὄψεται τὸν Κύριον 1 also the holiness without which no one will see the Lord You can express the double negative *without … no one** as a positive encouragement. Alternate translation: “also work hard to be holy, because only holy people will see the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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HEB 12 14 v9z7 figs-ellipsis καὶ τὸν ἁγιασμόν 1 also the holiness You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “also pursue the holiness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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HEB 12 15 at8j figs-doublenegatives μή τις ὑστερῶν ἀπὸ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 no one lacks God’s grace You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “everyone receives enough of God’s grace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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HEB 12 15 at8j figs-doublenegatives μή τις ὑστερῶν ἀπὸ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 no one lacks God’s grace You can state the double negative **no one … lacking** in positive form. Alternate translation: “everyone receives enough of God’s grace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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HEB 12 15 nh7g figs-metaphor μή τις ῥίζα πικρίας ἄνω φύουσα ἐνοχλῇ, καὶ δι’ αὐτῆς μιανθῶσιν πολλοί 1 that no root of bitterness grows up to cause trouble, so that many do not become polluted by it Hateful or resentful attitudes are spoken of as if they were a plant that is bitter to the taste. Alternate translation: “that no one becomes like a bitter root, which when it grows causes trouble and harms many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 12 16 b6ef 0 General Information: **Esau**, who was told about in the writings of Moses, was Isaac’s first son and Jacob’s brother.
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HEB 12 16 b6ef Ἠσαῦ 1 General Information: **Esau**, who was told about in the writings of Moses, was Isaac’s first son and Jacob’s brother.
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HEB 12 17 j6x8 figs-activepassive ἀπεδοκιμάσθη 1 he was rejected You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “his father, Isaac, refused to bless him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 12 17 d6he figs-abstractnouns μετανοίας γὰρ τόπον οὐχ εὗρεν 1 because he found no opportunity for repentance You can translate the abstract noun **repentance** with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because it was not possible for him to repent” or “because it was not possible for him to change his decision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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HEB 12 17 b7k3 καίπερ μετὰ δακρύων ἐκζητήσας αὐτήν 1 even though he sought it with tears Here, **he** refers to Esau.
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HEB 12 18 xti4 0 Connecting Statement: The author gives a contrast between what believers in Moses’ time had while living under the law and what present day believers have after coming to Jesus under the new covenant. He illustrates the experience of the Israelites by describing how God appeared to them at Mount Sinai.
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HEB 12 18 y1ed οὐ…προσεληλύθατε 1 General Information: Here, **you** refers to the Hebrew believers to whom the author wrote.
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HEB 12 18 a43l figs-explicit οὐ γὰρ προσεληλύθατε, ψηλαφωμένῳ 1 For you have not come to a mountain that can be touched You can state the implicit information explicitly. Alternate translation: “For you have not come, as the people of Israel came, to a mountain that can be touched” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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HEB 12 18 w6j6 figs-activepassive ψηλαφωμένῳ 1 that can be touched This means that believers in Christ have not come to a physical mountain like Mount Sinai that a person can touch. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that a person can touch” or “that people can perceive with their senses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 12 18 w6j6 figs-activepassive οὐ…ψηλαφωμένῳ 1 that can be touched This means that believers in Christ have not come to a physical mountain like Mount Sinai that a person can touch. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “you have not come come a mountain that you can touch” or “ you have not come come a mountain that you can perceive with your senses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 12 19 x2qk figs-metonymy καὶ φωνῇ ῥημάτων, ἧς οἱ ἀκούσαντες παρῃτήσαντο, μὴ προστεθῆναι αὐτοῖς λόγον 1 nor to a voice that speaks words whose hearers begged that not another word be spoken to them Here, **voice** refers to someone speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 12 19 a9uh figs-activepassive καὶ φωνῇ ῥημάτων, ἧς οἱ ἀκούσαντες παρῃτήσαντο, μὴ προστεθῆναι αὐτοῖς λόγον 1 You can state the phrase **be added** in active form. Alternate translation: “or where God was speaking in such a way that those who heard him begged him not to speak another word to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 12 20 p7qu figs-activepassive τὸ διαστελλόμενον 1 what was commanded You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “what God commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 12 20 x31x figs-activepassive λιθοβοληθήσεται 1 it must be stoned You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “you must stone it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 12 22 r9dz figs-metaphor Σιὼν Ὄρει 1 Mount Zion The writer speaks of **Mount Zion**, the location of the Temple in Jerusalem, as if it were heaven itself, the residence of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 12 22 k1kv μυριάσιν ἀγγέλων 1 tens of thousands of angels Alternate translation: “an uncountable number of angels”
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HEB 12 23 j94e figs-metaphor πρωτοτόκων 1 the firstborn Here, **firstborn** is plural and speaks of believers in Christ as if they were firstborn sons. This emphasizes their special place and privilege as God’s people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 12 22 k1kv μυριάσιν ἀγγέλων 1 tens of thousands of angels Alternate translation: “to an uncountable number of angels”
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HEB 12 23 j94e figs-metaphor πρωτοτόκων 1 the firstborn Here, **the firstborn** is plural and speaks of believers in Christ as if they were firstborn sons. This emphasizes their special place and privilege as God’s people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 12 23 km4a figs-activepassive ἀπογεγραμμένων ἐν οὐρανοῖς 1 registered in heaven You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whose names God has written in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 12 23 i7qb figs-activepassive τετελειωμένων 1 who have been made perfect You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God has made perfect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 12 24 kq1v διαθήκης νέας μεσίτῃ 1 the mediator of a new covenant This means **Jesus** caused the **new covenant** between God and humans to exist. See how you translated this phrase in [Hebrews 9:15](../09/15.md).
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HEB 12 24 nz8l figs-personification αἵματι ῥαντισμοῦ, κρεῖττον λαλοῦντι παρὰ τὸν Ἂβελ 1 the sprinkled blood that speaks better than Abel’s blood The **blood** of Jesus and the blood of Abel are spoken of as if they were people calling out. Alternate translation: “the sprinkled blood of Jesus that says better things than the blood of Abel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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HEB 12 24 nz8l figs-personification αἵματι ῥαντισμοῦ, κρεῖττον λαλοῦντι παρὰ τὸν Ἂβελ 1 the sprinkled blood that speaks better than Abel’s blood The **blood** of Jesus and the blood of Abel are spoken of as if they were people calling out. Alternate translation: “to the sprinkled blood of Jesus that says better things than the blood of Abel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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HEB 12 24 w9jj τὸν Ἂβελ 1 General Information: Abel was the son of the first man and woman, Adam and Eve. Cain, also their son, murdered Abel.
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HEB 12 24 z7uq figs-metonymy αἵματι ῥαντισμοῦ 1 blood Here, **blood** stands for Jesus’ death, as Abel’s blood stands for his death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 12 25 pnn5 figs-you μὴ παραιτήσησθε 1 General Information: This quotation is from the prophet Haggai in the Old Testament. The word **you** continues to refer to believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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HEB 12 25 eltr figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς 1 The word **we** continues to refer to the writer and the readers who are believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
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HEB 12 25 c9cn 0 Connecting Statement: Having contrasted the Israelites’ experience at Mount Sinai with the believers’ experience after Christ died, the writer reminds believers that they have the same God who warns them today. This is the fifth main warning given to believers.
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HEB 12 25 pnn5 figs-you μὴ παραιτήσησθε 1 General Information: The word **you** continues to refer to believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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HEB 12 25 nnk9 figs-doublenegatives μὴ παραιτήσησθε τὸν λαλοῦντα 1 you do not refuse the one who is speaking You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “you pay attention to the one who is speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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HEB 12 25 eltr figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς 1 The word **we** continues to refer to the writer and the readers who are believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
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HEB 12 25 gkn1 figs-explicit εἰ…ἐκεῖνοι οὐκ ἐξέφυγον 1 if they did not escape You can state the implicit information explicitly. Alternate translation: “if the people of Israel did not escape judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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HEB 12 25 fy9u ἐπὶ γῆς…τὸν χρηματίζοντα 1 the one who warned them on earth This could refer to: (1) Moses, who warned them here on earth. (2) God, who warned them at Mount Sinai.
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HEB 12 25 s5lj figs-metaphor ἡμεῖς οἱ τὸν ἀπ’ οὐρανῶν ἀποστρεφόμενοι 1 if we turn away from the one who is warning Rejecting God is spoken of as if a person were changing direction and **turning away from** him. Alternate translation: “if we reject the one who is warning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 12 25 fy9u ἐπὶ γῆς…τὸν χρηματίζοντα 1 the one who warned them on earth This could refer to: (1) Moses, who warned them here **on earth**. (2) God, who warned them at Mount Sinai.
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HEB 12 25 s5lj figs-metaphor ἡμεῖς οἱ τὸν ἀπ’ οὐρανῶν ἀποστρεφόμενοι 1 if we turn away from the one who is warning Rejecting God is spoken of as if a person were changing direction and **turn away from** him. Alternate translation: “if we reject the one who is warning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 12 26 rf4e οὗ ἡ φωνὴ τὴν γῆν ἐσάλευσεν τότε 1 his voice shook the earth Alternate translation: “when God spoke at that time, the sound of his voice caused the earth to shake”
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HEB 12 26 rspc ἔτι ἅπαξ ἐγὼ σείσω, οὐ μόνον τὴν γῆν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν οὐρανόν 1 This quotation is from the prophet Haggai in the Old Testament.
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HEB 12 26 i1c8 ἐσάλευσεν…σείσω 1 shook … shake Translate **shook** and **shake** with words for what an earthquake does when it moves the ground. This refers back to [Hebrews 12:18-21](./18.md) and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God.
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HEB 12 27 ylq9 0 General Information: Here the quotation from the prophet Haggai is repeated from the previous verse.
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HEB 12 27 z6ys figs-abstractnouns δηλοῖ τῶν σαλευομένων μετάθεσιν 1 mean the removal of those things that can be shaken, that is, of the things You can translate the abstract noun **removal** with the verbal phrase “take away.” Alternate translation: “to the taking away of the things that can be shaken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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HEB 12 27 dnpi figs-activepassive δηλοῖ τῶν σαλευομένων μετάθεσιν, ὡς πεποιημένων 1 You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “means that God will remove the things that he can shake, that is, the things that he created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 12 27 l29r τῶν σαλευομένων 1 shaken Translate **shaken** with the word for what an earthquake does when it moves the ground. This refers back to [Hebrews 12:18-21](./18.md) and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God. See how you translated “shook” and “shake” in [Hebrews 12:26](../12/26.md).
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@ -819,7 +818,7 @@ HEB 13 17 n5e8 figs-metaphor ἀγρυπνοῦσιν ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχ
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HEB 13 17 z2yp figs-metonymy μὴ στενάζοντες 1 not with groaning Here, **groaning** stands for sadness or grief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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HEB 13 18 d5hf 0 Connecting Statement: The author closes with a blessing and greetings.
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HEB 13 18 xmh1 figs-exclusive προσεύχεσθε περὶ ἡμῶν 1 Pray for us Here, **us** refers to the author and his companions, but not to the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
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HEB 13 18 n6gb figs-metaphor πειθόμεθα…ὅτι καλὴν συνείδησιν ἔχομεν 1 we are persuaded that we have a clean conscience Here, **good** stands for being free from guilt. Alternate translation: “we are certain that we have no guilt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 13 18 n6gb figs-metaphor πειθόμεθα…ὅτι καλὴν συνείδησιν ἔχομεν 1 we are persuaded that we have a clean conscience Here, **good conscience** stands for being free from guilt. Alternate translation: “we are certain that we have no guilt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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HEB 13 19 cg4l figs-activepassive ἵνα τάχειον ἀποκατασταθῶ ὑμῖν 1 that I will be returned to you sooner You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that God will quickly remove the things that stop my coming to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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HEB 13 20 n66e δὲ 1 Now **Now** marks a new section of the letter. Here the author praises God and gives a final prayer for his readers.
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HEB 13 20 d8yq ὁ ἀναγαγὼν ἐκ νεκρῶν τὸν Ποιμένα τῶν προβάτων τὸν μέγαν…τὸν Κύριον ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦν 1 brought back from the dead the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus Alternate translation: “raised the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus, to life”
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