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Update Revelation notes (#2324)
Co-authored-by: lrsallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org> Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2324
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@ -420,11 +420,11 @@ MAT 6 11 njr9 figs-exclusive 0 General Information: This is part of a prayer th
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MAT 6 11 dft8 figs-synecdoche τὸν ἄρτον…τὸν ἐπιούσιον 1 daily bread Here, **bread** refers to food in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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MAT 6 12 yi9s figs-metaphor τὰ ὀφειλήματα 1 debts A debt is what one person owes another. This is a metaphor for sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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MAT 6 12 i8fq figs-metaphor τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν 1 our debtors A **debtor** is a person who owes a debt to another person. This is a metaphor for those who have sinned against us. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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MAT 6 13 l8u6 figs-abstractnouns μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν 1 do not bring us into temptation The word **temptation**, an abstract noun, can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “Do not let anything tempt us” or “Do not let anything cause us to desire to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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MAT 6 13 l8u6 figs-abstractnouns μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν 1 do not bring us into temptation If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **temptation**, you can express it as a verb. Alternate translation: “Do not let anything tempt us” or “Do not let anything cause us to desire to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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MAT 6 14 ns3m figs-you 0 General Information: All instances of “you” and “your” are plural. However, Jesus is telling them what will happen to them as individuals if each person does not forgive others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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MAT 6 14 z79a figs-abstractnouns τὰ παραπτώματα αὐτῶν 1 their trespasses The abstract noun **trespasses** can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “when they trespass against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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MAT 6 14 z79a figs-abstractnouns τὰ παραπτώματα αὐτῶν 1 their trespasses If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **trespasses**, you can express it as a verb. Alternate translation: “when they trespass against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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MAT 6 14 v7ne guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Πατὴρ 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
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MAT 6 15 pi3z figs-abstractnouns τοῖς ἀνθρώποις…τὰ παραπτώματα ὑμῶν 1 those of men … your trespasses The abstract noun **trespasses** can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “men when they trespass against you … when you trespass against God” or “men when they do things that harm you … when you do things that make your Father angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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MAT 6 15 pi3z figs-abstractnouns τοῖς ἀνθρώποις…τὰ παραπτώματα ὑμῶν 1 those of men … your trespasses If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **trespasses**, you can express it as a verb. Alternate translation: “men when they trespass against you … when you trespass against God” or “men when they do things that harm you … when you do things that make your Father angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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MAT 6 16 j7xg figs-you 0 General Information: Jesus is talking to a group of people about what they as individuals should or should not do. In verse 16 all occurences of “you” are plural. In verses 17 and 18 where Jesus teaches them how to behave when they fast, all occurrences of “you” and “your” are singular. In some languages those occurences of “you” may also need to be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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MAT 6 16 q19r 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins to teach about fasting.
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MAT 6 16 xv6b ἀφανίζουσιν…τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν 1 they disfigure their faces The hypocrites would not wash their faces or comb their hair. They did this purposely to draw attention to themselves so that people would see them and give them honor for fasting.
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@ -530,9 +530,9 @@ MAT 7 13 uhb3 0 General Information: This image of walking through a wide gate
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MAT 7 13 dgr2 figs-metaphor εἰσέλθατε διὰ τῆς στενῆς πύλης…πολλοί εἰσιν οἱ εἰσερχόμενοι δι’ αὐτῆς 1 Enter through the narrow gate … there are many who are entering through it This is an image of people traveling on a road and going through a **gate** into a kingdom. One kingdom is easy to enter; the other is hard to enter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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MAT 7 13 j8xn εἰσέλθατε διὰ τῆς στενῆς πύλης 1 Enter through the narrow gate You may need to move this to the end of verse 14: “Therefore, enter through the narrow gate.”
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MAT 7 13 y9ru τῆς στενῆς πύλης…ἡ ὁδὸς 1 the narrow gate … the way This could mean: (1) the **way** refers to the road that leads to the **gate** of a kingdom. (2) the **gate** and **way** both refer to the entrance to the kingdom.
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MAT 7 13 zv24 figs-abstractnouns εἰς τὴν ἀπώλειαν 1 to destruction This abstract noun can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “to the place where people die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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MAT 7 13 zv24 figs-abstractnouns εἰς τὴν ἀπώλειαν 1 to destruction If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **destruction**, you can express it as a verb. Alternate translation: “to the place where people die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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MAT 7 14 x8u9 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to speak of people choosing how they are going to live as if they are choosing whether to go on one path or another.
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MAT 7 14 wlr9 figs-abstractnouns εἰς τὴν ζωήν 1 to life The abstract noun **life** can be translated using the verb “live.” Alternate translation: “to the place where people live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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MAT 7 14 wlr9 figs-abstractnouns εἰς τὴν ζωήν 1 to life If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **life**, you can express it with the verb “live.” Alternate translation: “to the place where people live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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MAT 7 15 s91c προσέχετε ἀπὸ 1 Beware of “Be on guard against”
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MAT 7 15 lj5v figs-metaphor οἵτινες ἔρχονται πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐν ἐνδύμασι προβάτων, ἔσωθεν δέ εἰσιν λύκοι ἅρπαγες 1 who come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ravenous wolves This metaphor means that false prophets will pretend they are good and want to help people, but they are really evil and will do people harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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MAT 7 16 pul5 figs-metaphor ἀπὸ τῶν καρπῶν αὐτῶν ἐπιγνώσεσθε αὐτούς 1 By their fruits you will know them This metaphor refers to a person’s actions. Alternate translation: “Just as you know a tree by the fruit that grows on it, you will know false prophets by how they act” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ MAT 9 35 z6ya 0 General Information: Verse 36 begins a new part of the story w
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MAT 9 35 xpp4 writing-endofstory 0 Connecting Statement: Verse 35 is the end of the part of the story that began in [Matthew 8:1](../08/01.md) about Jesus’ healing ministry in Galilee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
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MAT 9 35 x9ck figs-hyperbole τὰς πόλεις πάσας 1 all the cities The word **all** is an exaggeration to emphasize how very many cities Jesus went to. He did not necessarily go to every one of them. Alternate translation: “many of the cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
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MAT 9 35 ehx5 πόλεις…κώμας 1 cities … villages “large villages … small villages” or “large towns … small towns”
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MAT 9 35 uz5e figs-abstractnouns τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς βασιλείας 1 the gospel of the kingdom Here, **kingdom** refers to God’s rule as king. See how you translated this in [Matthew 4:23](../04/23.md). Alternate translation: “preaching the good news that God will show himself as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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MAT 9 35 uz5e figs-abstractnouns τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς βασιλείας 1 the gospel of the kingdom Here the abstract noun **kingdom** refers to God’s rule as king. See how you translated this in [Matthew 4:23](../04/23.md). Alternate translation: “preaching the good news that God will show himself as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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MAT 9 35 e7at πᾶσαν νόσον καὶ πᾶσαν μαλακίαν 1 every disease and every sickness “every disease and every sickness.” The words **disease** and **sickness** are closely related but should be translated as two different words if possible. **Disease** is what causes a person to be sick. **Sickness** is the physical weakness or affliction that results from having a disease.
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MAT 9 36 t47i figs-simile ὡσεὶ πρόβατα μὴ ἔχοντα ποιμένα 1 like sheep not having a shepherd This simile means they did not have a leader to take care of them. Alternate translation: “as people without a leader” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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MAT 9 37 q95i 0 General Information: Jesus uses a proverb about harvesting to tell his disciples how they should respond to the needs of the crowds mentioned in the previous section.
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@ -883,7 +883,7 @@ MAT 10 20 k3xr guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν 1
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MAT 10 20 zxd8 ἐν ὑμῖν 1 in you “through you”
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MAT 10 21 i8q5 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to instruct his disciples about the persecution they will endure when they go out to preach.
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MAT 10 21 p9ms παραδώσει δὲ ἀδελφὸς ἀδελφὸν εἰς θάνατον 1 Brother will deliver up brother to death “But a brother will deliver up his own brother to death” or “But brothers will deliver up their brothers to death.” Jesus speaks of something that will happen many times.
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MAT 10 21 lh6z figs-abstractnouns παραδώσει…ἀδελφὸν εἰς θάνατον 1 will deliver up brother to death The abstract noun **death** can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “hand brother over to authorties who will execute him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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MAT 10 21 lh6z figs-abstractnouns παραδώσει…ἀδελφὸν εἰς θάνατον 1 will deliver up brother to death If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **death**, you can express it as a verb. Alternate translation: “hand brother over to authorties who will execute him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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MAT 10 21 p8w9 figs-ellipsis πατὴρ τέκνον 1 a father his child These words can be translated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “fathers will deliver up their children to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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MAT 10 21 xja9 ἐπαναστήσονται…ἐπὶ 1 will rise up against “will rebel against” or “will turn against”
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MAT 10 21 xf2d θανατώσουσιν αὐτούς 1 put them to death “have them put to death” or “have the authorities execute them”
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@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ MAT 12 18 fjw6 μου…ᾑρέτισα…μου…μου…θήσω…μου 1
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MAT 12 18 yv4f ὁ ἀγαπητός μου εἰς ὃν εὐδόκησεν ἡ ψυχή μου 1 my beloved, in whom my soul is well pleased “he is my beloved one, and I am very pleased with him”
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MAT 12 18 s6a4 figs-synecdoche εἰς ὃν εὐδόκησεν ἡ ψυχή μου 1 in whom my soul is well pleased Here, **soul** refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “with whom I am very pleased” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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MAT 12 18 jh8p figs-explicit κρίσιν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἀπαγγελεῖ 1 he will announce justice to the Gentiles The means that God’s servant will tell the **Gentiles** that there will be **justice**. You can state this clearly that God is the one who will bring about justice. Alternate translation: “he will announce to the nations that God give them justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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MAT 12 18 tum1 figs-abstractnouns κρίσιν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἀπαγγελεῖ 1 he will announce justice to the Gentiles The abstract noun **justice** can be expressed as “what is right.” Alternate translation: “he will announce to the nations that God will do for them what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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MAT 12 18 tum1 figs-abstractnouns κρίσιν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἀπαγγελεῖ 1 he will announce justice to the Gentiles If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **justice**, you can express it as “what is right.” Alternate translation: “he will announce to the nations that God will do for them what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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MAT 12 19 me7p 0 Connecting Statement: Matthew continues to quote the prophet Isaiah.
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MAT 12 19 hb2m figs-metonymy οὐδὲ ἀκούσει τις…τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῦ 1 neither will anyone hear his voice Here people not hearing **his voice** represents him not speaking loudly. Alternate translation: “he will not speak loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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MAT 12 19 gj1p οὐκ ἐρίσει…αὐτοῦ 1 He will not strive … his Both **He** and **his** refer to God’s chosen servant.
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@ -2382,7 +2382,7 @@ MAT 24 9 nsh3 figs-activepassive ἔσεσθε μισούμενοι ὑπὸ π
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MAT 24 9 u2bd figs-metonymy διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου 1 for the sake of my name Here, **name** refers to the complete person. Alternate translation: “because you believe in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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MAT 24 11 mi2e figs-idiom ἐγερθήσονται 1 will be raised up Here, **be raised up** is an idiom for “become established.” Alternate translation: “will come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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MAT 24 11 tjb3 figs-metaphor καὶ πλανήσουσιν πολλούς 1 and will lead many astray Here, **lead … astray** is a metaphor for persuading someone to believe something that is not true. Alternate translation: “and will deceive many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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MAT 24 12 w4af figs-abstractnouns τὸ πληθυνθῆναι τὴν ἀνομίαν 1 lawlessness will be increased The abstract noun **lawlessness** can be translated with the phrase “disobeying the law.” Alternate translation: “disobeying the law will increase” or “people will disobey God’s law more and more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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MAT 24 12 w4af figs-abstractnouns τὸ πληθυνθῆναι τὴν ἀνομίαν 1 lawlessness will be increased If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **lawlessness**, you can express it with the phrase “disobeying the law.” Alternate translation: “disobeying the law will increase” or “people will disobey God’s law more and more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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MAT 24 12 bu9b figs-idiom ψυγήσεται ἡ ἀγάπη τῶν πολλῶν 1 the love of many will grow cold This could mean: (1) many people will no longer love other people. (2) many people will no longer love God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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MAT 24 13 v3ex figs-activepassive ὁ…ὑπομείνας εἰς τέλος, οὗτος σωθήσεται 1 the one who has endured to the end, he will be saved You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will save the person who endures to the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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MAT 24 13 l1pp ὁ δὲ ὑπομείνας 1 But the one who has endured “But the person who stays faithful”
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@ -2653,7 +2653,7 @@ MAT 26 39 bcn2 figs-metaphor τὸ ποτήριον τοῦτο 1 this cup The c
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MAT 26 39 k5in figs-ellipsis πλὴν οὐχ ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω, ἀλλ’ ὡς σύ 1 Yet, not as I will, but as you This can be expressed as a full sentence. Alternate translation: “But do not do what I want; instead, do what you want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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MAT 26 40 ev7s figs-you λέγει τῷ Πέτρῳ, οὕτως οὐκ ἰσχύσατε…γρηγορῆσαι 1 he says to Peter, “So, were you not able to watch Jesus is speaking to Peter, but the **you** is plural, referring to Peter, James, and John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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MAT 26 40 c11a figs-rquestion οὕτως οὐκ ἰσχύσατε μίαν ὥραν γρηγορῆσαι μετ’ ἐμοῦ? 1 So, were you not able to watch with me for one hour? Jesus uses a question to scold Peter, James, and John. Alternate translation: “I am disappointed that you could not stay awake with me for one hour!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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MAT 26 41 buv4 figs-abstractnouns μὴ εἰσέλθητε εἰς πειρασμόν 1 you might not enter into temptation You can state the abstract noun **temptation** as a verb. Alternate translation: “no one tempts you to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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MAT 26 41 buv4 figs-abstractnouns μὴ εἰσέλθητε εἰς πειρασμόν 1 you might not enter into temptation If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **temptation**, you can express it as a verb. Alternate translation: “no one tempts you to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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MAT 26 41 ny5w figs-metonymy τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον, ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής 1 The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak Here, **spirit** is a metonym that stands for a person’s desires to do good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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MAT 26 41 xlig figs-synecdoche τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον, ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής 1 The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak **Flesh** stands for the needs and desires of a person’s body. Jesus means that the disciples may have the desire to do what God wants, but as humans they are weak and often fail. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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MAT 26 42 pz9l ἀπελθὼν 1 having gone away “after Jesus went away”
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@ -2826,7 +2826,7 @@ MAT 27 43 uw85 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Θεοῦ…Υἱός 1 the Son of
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MAT 27 44 e26y figs-activepassive οἱ λῃσταὶ, οἱ συνσταυρωθέντες σὺν αὐτῷ 1 the robbers who were crucified with him You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the robbers that the soldiers crucified with Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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MAT 27 45 e7z4 δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Matthew starts to tell a new part of the story.
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MAT 27 45 s2l7 ἀπὸ…ἕκτης ὥρας…ἕως ὥρας ἐνάτης 1 from the sixth hour … until the ninth hour “from about noon … for three hours” or “from about twelve o’clock midday … until about three o’clock in the afternoon”
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MAT 27 45 pi8e figs-abstractnouns σκότος ἐγένετο ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν 1 darkness happened over all the land The word **darkness** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “it became dark over the whole land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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MAT 27 45 pi8e figs-abstractnouns σκότος ἐγένετο ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν 1 darkness happened over all the land If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **darkness**, you can express it as a verb. Alternate translation: “it became dark over the whole land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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MAT 27 46 qyp7 ἀνεβόησεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς 1 Jesus cried out “Jesus called out” or “Jesus shouted”
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MAT 27 46 xub2 translate-transliterate Ἐλωῒ, Ἐλωῒ, λεμὰ σαβαχθάνει 1 Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani These words are what Jesus cried out in his own language. Translators usually leave these words as is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
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MAT 27 48 jm37 εἷς ἐξ αὐτῶν 1 one of them This could refer to: (1) one of the soldiers. (2) one of those who stood by and watched.
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@ -2910,4 +2910,4 @@ MAT 28 19 yz6q figs-metonymy πάντα τὰ ἔθνη 1 of all the nations Her
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MAT 28 19 l5b5 figs-metonymy εἰς τὸ ὄνομα 1 into the name Here, **name** refers to authority. Alternate translation: “by the authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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MAT 28 19 kwa3 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Πατρὸς…τοῦ Υἱοῦ 1 the Father … the Son These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
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MAT 28 20 mz6f ἰδοὺ 1 See “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
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MAT 28 20 si8z ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος 1 even to the end of the age “until the end of this age” or “until the end of the world”
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MAT 28 20 si8z ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος 1 even to the end of the age “until the end of this age” or “until the end of the world”
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@ -336,68 +336,65 @@ REV 7 2 sgq7 figs-metonymy σφραγῖδα 1 the seal of the living God Here,
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REV 7 3 upb7 figs-metonymy σφραγίσωμεν τοὺς δούλους τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν ἐπὶ τῶν μετώπων αὐτῶν 1 have sealed … on their foreheads Here, to **seal** refers to placing a mark on something. This mark shows that the people belong to God and that he will protect them. Alternate translation: “we put a mark on the foreheads of the servants of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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REV 7 3 je8m μετώπων 1 foreheads The **forehead** is the top of the face, above the eyes.
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REV 7 4 m58v figs-activepassive τῶν ἐσφραγισμένων 1 those who were sealed If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom God’s angel marked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 7 4 lh7h figs-ellipsis ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες 1 144000 “one hundred forty-four thousand people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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REV 7 5 lyz8 figs-ellipsis δώδεκα χιλιάδες 1 twelve thousand from the tribe “12,000 people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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REV 7 7 ru7t 0 Connecting Statement: This continues the list of the people of Israel who were sealed.
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REV 7 4 lh7h figs-ellipsis ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες 1 144000 Alternate translation: “one hundred forty-four thousand people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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REV 7 5 lyz8 figs-ellipsis δώδεκα χιλιάδες 1 twelve thousand from the tribe Alternate translation: “12,000 people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||||
REV 7 9 cj5k 0 General Information: John begins to describe a second vision about a multitude praising God. This vision also takes place after the Lamb opens the sixth seal and before he opens the seventh seal.
|
||||
REV 7 9 au1m ὄχλος πολύς 1 a huge multitude “a huge crowd” or “a great number of people”
|
||||
REV 7 9 au1m ὄχλος πολύς 1 a huge multitude Alternate translation: “a huge crowd” or “a great number of people”
|
||||
REV 7 9 v63z στολὰς λευκάς 1 white robes Here the color **white** represents purity.
|
||||
REV 7 10 m5az ἡ σωτηρία τῷ Θεῷ ἡμῶν 1 Salvation belongs to “Salvation comes from our God”
|
||||
REV 7 10 m5az ἡ σωτηρία τῷ Θεῷ ἡμῶν 1 Salvation belongs to Alternate translation: “Salvation comes from our God”
|
||||
REV 7 10 vlv1 figs-abstractnouns ἡ σωτηρία τῷ Θεῷ ἡμῶν, τῷ καθημένῳ ἐπὶ τῷ θρόνῳ καὶ τῷ Ἀρνίῳ 1 Salvation belongs … to the Lamb They were praising **God** and **the Lamb**. If your readers would misunderstand the abstract **Salvation**, you can express it with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “Our God, who sits on the throne, and the Lamb have saved us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
REV 7 11 a45p τῶν τεσσάρων ζῴων 1 the four living creatures These are the **four living creatures** mentioned in [Revelation 4:6-8](../04/06.md).
|
||||
REV 7 11 aja9 figs-idiom ἔπεσαν…ἐπὶ τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν 1 they fell on their faces Here, **fell on their faces** is an idiom that means hey lay down facing the ground. See how you translated “prostrated themselves” in [Revelation 4:10](../04/10.md). Alternate translation: “they bowed down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
REV 7 12 lf1m ἡ εὐλογία, καὶ ἡ δόξα, καὶ ἡ σοφία, καὶ ἡ εὐχαριστία, καὶ ἡ τιμὴ, καὶ ἡ δύναμις, καὶ ἡ ἰσχὺς, τῷ Θεῷ ἡμῶν 1 Praise, glory … be to our God “Our God is worthy of all praise, glory, wisdom, thanks, honor, power and strength”
|
||||
REV 7 12 lf1m ἡ εὐλογία, καὶ ἡ δόξα, καὶ ἡ σοφία, καὶ ἡ εὐχαριστία, καὶ ἡ τιμὴ, καὶ ἡ δύναμις, καὶ ἡ ἰσχὺς, τῷ Θεῷ ἡμῶν 1 Praise, glory … be to our God Alternate translation: “Our God is worthy of all praise, glory, wisdom, thanks, honor, power and strength”
|
||||
REV 7 12 q3gt εὐλογία, καὶ ἡ δόξα, καὶ ἡ σοφία, καὶ ἡ εὐχαριστία, καὶ ἡ τιμὴ, καὶ ἡ δύναμις, καὶ ἡ ἰσχὺς, τῷ Θεῷ ἡμῶν 1 Praise, glory … thanksgiving, honor … be to our God You can use the verb “give” to show how **praise**, **glory**, **wisdom**, **thanksgiving**, **honor**, **power**, and **strength** are to be **to our God**. Alternate translation: “We must give praise, glory, wisdom, thanks, honor, power, and strength to our God”
|
||||
REV 7 12 d74f εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων 1 forever and ever These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the praise will never end.
|
||||
REV 7 12 d74f εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων 1 forever and ever These two words **forever** and **ever** mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the praise will never end.
|
||||
REV 7 13 wz8z περιβεβλημένοι τὰς στολὰς τὰς λευκὰς 1 clothed with white robes These **white robes** showed that they were righteous.
|
||||
REV 7 14 p6en οἱ ἐρχόμενοι ἐκ τῆς θλίψεως τῆς μεγάλης 1 have come out of the great tribulation “the one who have survived the great tribulation” or “are the people who have lived through the great tribulation”
|
||||
REV 7 14 u6fc τῆς θλίψεως τῆς μεγάλης 1 the great tribulation “the time of terrible suffering” or “the time when people suffered terribly”
|
||||
REV 7 14 p6en οἱ ἐρχόμενοι ἐκ τῆς θλίψεως τῆς μεγάλης 1 have come out of the great tribulation Alternate translation: “the one who have survived the great tribulation” or “are the people who have lived through the great tribulation”
|
||||
REV 7 14 u6fc τῆς θλίψεως τῆς μεγάλης 1 the great tribulation Alternate translation: “the time of terrible suffering” or “the time when people suffered terribly”
|
||||
REV 7 14 b7mi figs-metaphor ἔπλυναν τὰς στολὰς αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐλεύκαναν αὐτὰς ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ Ἀρνίου 1 They have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb Being made righteous by **the blood of the Lamb** is spoken of as washing **their robes** in his blood. Alternate translation: “they have been made righteous by washing their robes white in his blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
REV 7 14 ym21 figs-metonymy τῷ αἵματι τοῦ Ἀρνίου 1 the blood of the Lamb Here, **blood** is used to refer to the death of Lamb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 7 15 q73i 0 Connecting Statement: The elder continues to speak to John.
|
||||
REV 7 15 qs23 εἰσιν…αὐτούς 1 they … them Here, **they** and **them** refer to those people who have come out of the great tribulation.
|
||||
REV 7 15 us3i figs-merism ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτὸς 1 day and night Here, **day** and **night** are used together to mean “all the time” or “without stopping” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||||
REV 7 15 k9f2 figs-metaphor σκηνώσει ἐπ’ αὐτούς 1 will spread his tent over them Protecting them is spoken of as if he were giving them shelter to live under. Alternate translation: “will shelter them” or “will protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
REV 7 16 p6u7 οὐ πεινάσουσιν…αὐτοὺς 1 They … them Here, **They** and **them** refer to those people who have come out of the great tribulation.
|
||||
REV 7 16 t45h figs-metaphor οὐδὲ μὴ πέσῃ ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς ὁ ἥλιος 1 The sun will not beat down The heat of the **sun** is compared to punishment that causes people to suffer. Alternate translation: “and the sun will not burn them” or “and the sun will not make them weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
REV 7 17 wc49 αὐτούς…αὐτοὺς 1 their … them Both occurrences of **them** refer to those people who have come out of the great tribulation.
|
||||
REV 7 17 b5rp τὸ Ἀρνίον τὸ ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ θρόνου 1 the Lamb at the center of the throne “the Lamb, who is standing in the middle of the area around the throne”
|
||||
REV 7 17 b5rp τὸ Ἀρνίον τὸ ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ θρόνου 1 the Lamb at the center of the throne Alternate translation: “the Lamb, who is standing in the middle of the area around the throne”
|
||||
REV 7 17 bi5i figs-metaphor ὅτι τὸ Ἀρνίον…ποιμανεῖ αὐτούς 1 For the Lamb … will be their shepherd The elder speaks of the Lamb’s care for his people as if it were a shepherd’s care for his sheep. Alternate translation: “for the Lamb … will be like a shepherd to them” or “for the Lamb … will care for them as a shepherd cares for his sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
REV 7 17 m6m8 figs-metaphor ὁδηγήσει αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ ζωῆς πηγὰς ὑδάτων 1 he will guide them to springs of living water The elder speaks of what gives life as if it were **springs** of fresh **water**. Alternate translation: “he will guide them like a shepherd guiding his sheep to fresh water” or “he will guide them to life like a shepherd guiding his sheep to living water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
REV 7 17 g3d2 figs-metonymy ἐξαλείψει ὁ Θεὸς πᾶν δάκρυον ἐκ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν 1 God will wipe away every tear from their eyes Here, a **tear** represents sadness. Alternate translation: “God will wipe away their sadness, like wiping away tears” or “God will cause them to not be sad anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 8 intro ma7f 0 # Revelation 8 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Seven seals and seven trumpets<br><br>This chapter begins to show what happens when the Lamb opens the seventh seal. God uses the prayers of all believers to cause dramatic things to happen on earth. John then describes what happens when angels sound the first four of seven trumpets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Passive voice<br><br>John uses the passive voice several times in this chapter. This hides who performs the action. This will be difficult to convey if the translator’s language does not have a passive voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])<br><br>### Similes<br><br>In verses 8 and 10, John uses similes to try to describe the images he sees in the vision. He compares the images to everyday things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||||
REV 8 1 d652 0 Connecting Statement: The Lamb opens the seventh seal.
|
||||
REV 8 1 mh2b translate-ordinal τὴν σφραγῖδα τὴν ἑβδόμην 1 the seventh seal This is the last of the seven seals on the scroll. Alternate translation: “the next seal” or “the final seal” or “seal number seven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||||
REV 8 1 mh2b translate-ordinal τὴν σφραγῖδα τὴν ἑβδόμην 1 the seventh seal This is the last of the seven seals on the scroll. The word **seventh** is an ordinal number. Alternate translation: “the next seal” or “the final seal” or “seal number seven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||||
REV 8 2 fri9 figs-activepassive ἐδόθησαν αὐτοῖς ἑπτὰ σάλπιγγες 1 seven trumpets were given to them Each of the seven angels were given one trumpet. If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. This could mean: (1) God gave them seven trumpets. (2) the Lamb gave them seven trumpets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 8 3 f9g9 δώσει 1 he would offer it “he would offer the incense to God by burning it”
|
||||
REV 8 3 f9g9 δώσει 1 he would offer it Alternate translation: “he would offer the incense to God by burning it”
|
||||
REV 8 4 lq1q figs-metonymy ἐκ χειρὸς τοῦ ἀγγέλου 1 the angel’s hand This refers to the bowl in the angel’s hand. Alternate translation: “from the bowl in the angel’s hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 8 5 l79w figs-metonymy ἐγέμισεν αὐτὸν ἐκ τοῦ πυρὸς 1 filled it with fire Here, **the fire** probably refers to burning coals. Alternate translation: “filled it with burning coals” or “filled it with coals of fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 8 6 xys5 0 General Information: The seven angels sound the seven trumpets, one at a time.
|
||||
REV 8 7 g5gp figs-activepassive ἐβλήθη εἰς τὴν γῆν 1 It was thrown down onto the earth If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “the angel threw the hail and fire mixed with blood down onto the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 8 7 ga1r figs-activepassive τὸ τρίτον τῆς γῆς κατεκάη, καὶ τὸ τρίτον τῶν δένδρων κατεκάη, καὶ πᾶς χόρτος χλωρὸς κατεκάη 1 a third of it was burned up, a third of the trees were burned up, and all the green grass was burned up If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “it burned up a third of the earth, a third of the trees, and all the green grass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 8 8 rnh8 translate-ordinal ὁ δεύτερος ἄγγελος 1 The second angel The word **second** is an ordinal number. Alternate translation: “the next angel” or “angel number two” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||||
REV 8 8 uw2h figs-activepassive ὡς ὄρος μέγα πυρὶ καιόμενον, ἐβλήθη 1 something like a great mountain burning with fire was thrown If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “the angel threw something like a great mountain burning with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 8 8 ev7g translate-fraction ἐγένετο τὸ τρίτον τῆς θαλάσσης αἷμα 1 A third of the sea became blood You can explain the fraction **a third** in translation. Alternate translation: “it was like the sea was divided into three parts, and one of those parts became blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
|
||||
REV 8 8 ev7g translate-fraction ἐγένετο τὸ τρίτον τῆς θαλάσσης αἷμα 1 A third of the sea became blood If your readers would misunderstand the fraction **a third**, you can explain it in translation. Alternate translation: “it was like the sea was divided into three parts, and one of those parts became blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
|
||||
REV 8 8 k43y figs-simile ἐγένετο…αἷμα 1 became blood Here, **became blood** could mean: (1) it became red like blood. (2) it really became blood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||||
REV 8 9 vgf4 τῶν κτισμάτων τῶν ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ τὰ ἔχοντα ψυχάς 1 the living creatures in the sea “of the things living in the sea” or “of the fish and other animals that lived in the sea”
|
||||
REV 8 9 vgf4 τῶν κτισμάτων τῶν ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ τὰ ἔχοντα ψυχάς 1 the living creatures in the sea Alternate translation: “of the things living in the sea” or “of the fish and other animals that lived in the sea”
|
||||
REV 8 10 n8ue figs-simile ἔπεσεν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἀστὴρ μέγας, καιόμενος ὡς λαμπάς 1 a huge star fell from the sky, blazing like a torch The fire of the **huge star** looked similar to the fire of **a torch**. Alternate translation: “a huge star that was blazing like a torch fell from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||||
REV 8 10 int4 λαμπάς 1 torch a stick with one end lit on fire to provide light
|
||||
REV 8 10 int4 λαμπάς 1 torch A **torch** a stick with one end lit on fire to provide light.
|
||||
REV 8 11 as2n translate-unknown τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ ἀστέρος λέγεται ὁ Ἄψινθος 1 The name of the star is Wormwood **Wormwood** is a shrub that tastes bitter. People made medicine out of it, but they also believed that it was poisonous. Alternate translation: “the name of the star is Bitterness” or “the name of the star is Bitter Medicine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
REV 8 11 gei4 figs-metaphor ἐγένετο…ἄψινθον 1 became wormwood The bitter taste of the water is spoken of as if it were **wormwood**. Alternate translation: “became bitter like wormwood” or “became bitter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
REV 8 11 g4q5 ἀπέθανον ἐκ τῶν ὑδάτων, ὅτι ἐπικράνθησαν 1 died from the waters that became bitter “died when they drank the bitter water”
|
||||
REV 8 11 g4q5 ἀπέθανον ἐκ τῶν ὑδάτων, ὅτι ἐπικράνθησαν 1 died from the waters that became bitter Alternate translation: “died when they drank the bitter water”
|
||||
REV 8 12 z936 figs-metaphor ἐπλήγη τὸ τρίτον τοῦ ἡλίου 1 a third of the sun was struck Causing something bad to happen to **the sun** is spoken of as striking, or hitting, it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
REV 8 12 dfm7 figs-activepassive ἐπλήγη τὸ τρίτον τοῦ ἡλίου 1 If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “a third of the sun changed” or “God changed a third of the sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 8 12 ukh6 σκοτισθῇ τὸ τρίτον αὐτῶν 1 a third of them turned dark The phrase **a third of then turned dark** could mean: (1) one third of the time, they were dark. (2) one third of the sun, one third of the moon, and one third of the stars became dark.
|
||||
REV 8 12 t1ag ἡ ἡμέρα μὴ φάνῃ τὸ τρίτον αὐτῆς, καὶ ἡ νὺξ ὁμοίως 1 a third of the day and a third of the night had no light “there was no light during one third of the day and one third of the night” or “they did not shine during one third of the day and one third of the night”
|
||||
REV 8 12 t1ag ἡ ἡμέρα μὴ φάνῃ τὸ τρίτον αὐτῆς, καὶ ἡ νὺξ ὁμοίως 1 a third of the day and a third of the night had no light Alternate translation: “there was no light during one third of the day and one third of the night” or “they did not shine during one third of the day and one third of the night”
|
||||
REV 8 13 x375 figs-activepassive ἐκ τῶν λοιπῶν φωνῶν τῆς σάλπιγγος τῶν τριῶν ἀγγέλων τῶν μελλόντων σαλπίζειν 1 because of the remaining trumpet … angels If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “because the three angels who have not yet sounded their trumpets are about to sound them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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||||
REV 9 intro sq5c 0 # Revelation 9 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In this chapter, John continues to describe what happens when angels sound seven trumpets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>### Woe<br><br>John describes several “woes” in the Book of Revelation. This chapter begins to describe three “woes” announced at the end of Chapter 8.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Animal imagery<br><br>This chapter includes several animals: locusts, scorpions, horses, lions, and snakes. Animals convey different qualities or traits. For example, a lion is powerful and dangerous. Translators should use the same animals in their translation if possible. If the animal is unknown, one with similar qualities or traits should be used.<br><br>### Bottomless pit<br><br>This image is seen several times in the Book of Revelation. It is a picture of hell as being inescapable and the opposite direction as heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]])<br><br>### Abaddon and Apollyon<br><br>“Abaddon” is a Hebrew word. “Apollyon” is a Greek word. Both words mean “Destroyer.” John used the sounds of the Hebrew word and wrote them with Greek letters. The ULT and UST write the sounds of both words with English letters. Translators are encouraged to transliterate these words using the letters of the target language. The original Greek readers would have understood “Apollyon” to mean “Destroyer.” So translators may also supply what it means in the text or in a footnote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])<br><br>### Repentance<br><br>Despite great signs, people are described as not repenting and so remain in their sin. People refusing to repent are also mentioned in Chapter 16. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Simile<br><br>John uses many similes in this chapter. They help to describe the images that he sees in his vision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||||
REV 9 1 d26c 0 Connecting Statement: The fifth of the seven angels begins to sound his trumpet.
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||||
REV 9 1 jim6 εἶδον ἀστέρα ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πεπτωκότα 1 I saw a star from heaven that had fallen John saw the star after it had fallen. He did not watch if fall.
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||||
REV 9 1 v12j ἡ κλεὶς τοῦ φρέατος τῆς Ἀβύσσου 1 the key to the shaft of the bottomless pit “the key that unlocks the shaft of the bottomless pit”
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||||
REV 9 1 jim6 εἶδον ἀστέρα ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πεπτωκότα 1 I saw a star from heaven that had fallen John saw the **star** after it **had fallen**. He did not watch if fall.
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||||
REV 9 1 v12j ἡ κλεὶς τοῦ φρέατος τῆς Ἀβύσσου 1 the key to the shaft of the bottomless pit Alternate translation: “the key that unlocks the shaft of the bottomless pit”
|
||||
REV 9 1 cjr9 τοῦ φρέατος τῆς Ἀβύσσου 1 the shaft of the bottomless pit Here, **shaft** could be: (1) another way of referring to the abyss and describes it as long and narrow. (2) the opening of the abyss.
|
||||
REV 9 1 p886 τῆς Ἀβύσσου 1 the bottomless pit This is an extremely deep narrow hole. This could mean: (1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever. (2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom.
|
||||
REV 9 1 p886 τῆς Ἀβύσσου 1 the bottomless pit The **abyss** is an extremely deep narrow hole. This could mean: (1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever. (2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom.
|
||||
REV 9 2 tp79 figs-simile ὡς καπνὸς καμίνου μεγάλης 1 like smoke from a huge furnace A **huge furnace** gives off a great amount of thick, dark **smoke**. Alternate translation: “like the great amount of smoke that comes from a huge furnace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||||
REV 9 2 nd4n ἐσκοτώθη 1 turned dark “became dark”
|
||||
REV 9 2 nd4n figs-activepassive ἐσκοτώθη 1 turned dark If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase **were darkened**, you can state it inm active form. Alternate translation: “became dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 9 3 mb9m translate-unknown ἀκρίδες 1 locusts The **locusts** are insects that fly together in large groups. People fear them because they can eat up all the leaves in gardens and on trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
REV 9 3 a4e7 figs-explicit ἐδόθη αὐταῖς ἐξουσία, ὡς ἔχουσιν ἐξουσίαν οἱ σκορπίοι 1 power like that of scorpions These **scorpions** have the ability to sting and poison people. Alternate translation: “they have the ability to sting people as scorpions do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
REV 9 3 mjf1 translate-unknown σκορπίοι 1 scorpions A scorpion is a small insect with a poisonous stinger on its tail. Its sting is extremely painful and the pain lasts a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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||||
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@ -407,8 +404,8 @@ REV 9 4 gi1a figs-metonymy τὴν σφραγῖδα τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the sea
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|||
REV 9 4 tl6n μετώπων 1 foreheads The **forehead** is the top of the face, above the eyes.
|
||||
REV 9 5 rui1 ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς 1 They were not given permission Here, **them** refers to the locusts. ([Revelation 9:3](../09/03.md))
|
||||
REV 9 5 vfj7 αὐτούς 1 them Here, **them** refers to the people whom the locusts were stinging.
|
||||
REV 9 5 nm7q βασανισθήσονται μῆνας πέντε 1 to torture them for five months The people would be tormented by the locusts for five months.
|
||||
REV 9 5 a3dw βασανισθήσονται 1 to torture them “will suffer terrible pain”
|
||||
REV 9 5 nm7q figs-activepassive βασανισθήσονται μῆνας πέντε 1 to torture them for five months If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase **will be tormented**, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “the locusts will torment the people for five months” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 9 5 a3dw βασανισθήσονται 1 to torture them Alternate translation: “will suffer terrible pain”
|
||||
REV 9 5 qtk9 βασανισμὸς σκορπίου 1 the sting of a scorpion A **scorpion** is a small insect with a poisonous stinger at the end of its long tail. The sting can cause severe pain or even death.
|
||||
REV 9 6 p4mb figs-abstractnouns ζητήσουσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι τὸν θάνατον, καὶ οὐ μὴ εὑρήσουσιν αὐτόν 1 people will seek death, but will not find it If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **death**, you can express it with a verb. Alternate translation: “people will try to find a way to die, but will not find it” or “people will try to kill themselves, but will not find a way to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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REV 9 6 f1b4 figs-personification φεύγει ὁ θάνατος ἀπ’ αὐτῶν 1 death will flee from them John speaks of **death** as if it were a person or animal that could run away. Alternate translation: “they will not be able to die” or “they will not die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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@ -428,11 +425,9 @@ REV 9 15 ijx2 figs-activepassive ἐλύθησαν οἱ τέσσαρες ἄγ
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REV 9 15 p3w1 figs-activepassive οἱ τέσσαρες ἄγγελοι, οἱ ἡτοιμασμένοι 1 The four angels who had been prepared If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “the four angels whom God had prepared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 9 15 b3d6 figs-parallelism εἰς τὴν ὥραν, καὶ ἡμέραν, καὶ μῆνα, καὶ ἐνιαυτόν 1 for that hour, that day, that month, and that year These words are used to show that there is a specific, chosen time and not just any time. Alternate translation: “for that exact time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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REV 9 16 h8uf 0 General Information: Suddenly, a huge number of soldiers on horseback appear in John’s vision. John is no longer speaking about the four angels mentioned in the previous verse.
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REV 9 16 ays5 translate-numbers δύο μυριάδες μυριάδων 1 200000000 Some ways to express this are: “two hundred million” or “two hundred thousand thousand” or “twenty thousand times ten thousand.” If your language does not have a specific number for this, you could also see how you translated a similar large number in [Revelation 5:11](../05/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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REV 9 17 j5n9 πυρίνους 1 fiery red “red like fire” or “bright red.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 6:3](../06/03.md).
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REV 9 17 pqe8 θειώδεις 1 sulfurous yellow “yellow like sulfur” or “bright yellow like sulfur”
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REV 9 17 mzf7 ἐκ τῶν στομάτων αὐτῶν ἐκπορεύεται πῦρ, καὶ καπνὸς, καὶ θεῖον 1 out of their mouths came fire, smoke, and sulfur “fire, smoke, and sulfur came out of their mouths”
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REV 9 18 q9mp 0 Connecting Statement: John continues to describe the horses and the plagues brought upon humanity.
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REV 9 16 ays5 translate-numbers δύο μυριάδες μυριάδων 1 200000000 Some ways to express **two myriads** are: “two hundred million” or “two hundred thousand thousand” or “twenty thousand times ten thousand.” If your language does not have a specific number for this, you could also see how you translated a similar large number in [Revelation 5:11](../05/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
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REV 9 17 j5n9 πυρίνους 1 fiery red See how you translated this in [Revelation 6:3](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “red like fire” or “bright red”
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REV 9 17 pqe8 θειώδεις 1 sulfurous yellow Alternate translation: “yellow like sulfur” or “bright yellow like sulfur”
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REV 9 18 x4fr translate-fraction τὸ τρίτον τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 A third of the people See how you translated “A third” in [Revelation 8:7](../08/07.md). Alternate translation: “One third of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
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REV 9 20 xf3t figs-activepassive οἳ οὐκ ἀπεκτάνθησαν ἐν ταῖς πληγαῖς ταύταις 1 those who were not killed by these plagues If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom the plagues had not killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 9 20 d3vn figs-distinguish ἃ οὔτε βλέπειν δύνανται, οὔτε ἀκούειν, οὔτε περιπατεῖν 1 things that cannot see, hear, or walk This phrase reminds us that idols are not alive and do not deserve to be worshiped. But the people did not stop worshiping them. Alternate translation: “even though these idols cannot see, hear, or walk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
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@ -441,74 +436,69 @@ REV 10 1 xr6f 0 General Information: John begins to describe a vision of a mig
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REV 10 1 jj2e figs-metaphor περιβεβλημένον νεφέλην 1 He was robed in a cloud John speaks of the angel as if he were wearing **a cloud** as his clothing. This expression may be understood as metaphor. However, because very unusual things were often seen in visions, it might be understood as a literally true statement in its context. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 10 1 qax6 figs-simile τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ὡς ὁ ἥλιος 1 His face was like the sun John compares the brightness of **his face** with the brightness of **the sun**. Alternate translation: “his face was bright like the sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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REV 10 1 p81x figs-metonymy οἱ πόδες αὐτοῦ ὡς στῦλοι πυρός 1 his feet were like pillars of fire Here, **feet** refers to the legs. Alternate translation: “his legs were like pillars of fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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REV 10 3 ubb9 καὶ ἔκραξεν 1 Then he shouted “then the angel shouted”
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REV 10 3 ubb9 καὶ ἔκραξεν 1 Then he shouted Alternate translation: “then the angel shouted”
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REV 10 3 r4j6 ἐλάλησαν αἱ ἑπτὰ βρονταὶ 1 the seven thunders spoke out The **seven thunders** are described as if they were people who could speak. Alternate translation: “the seven thunders made a loud noise” or “the thunder sounded very loudly seven times”
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REV 10 3 qag8 ἑπτὰ βρονταὶ 1 seven thunders This may refer to thunder occurring seven times, yet being spoken of as if it were **seven** different **thunders**.
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REV 10 3 qag8 ἑπτὰ βρονταὶ 1 seven thunders This may refer to thunder occurring **seven** times, yet being spoken of as if it were **seven** different **thunders**.
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REV 10 4 az1z figs-synecdoche καὶ ἤκουσα φωνὴν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 but I heard a voice from heaven Here, **voice** refers to words spoken by someone other than the angel. Alternate translation: “but I heard someone speaking from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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REV 10 5 l5xy translate-symaction ἦρεν τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ τὴν δεξιὰν εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν 1 raised his right hand to heaven He **raised his right hand to heaven** to show that he was swearing by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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REV 10 6 t2f6 ὤμοσεν τῷ ζῶντι εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων 1 He swore by the one who lives forever and ever “and he asked that what he was going to say would be confirmed by the one who lives forever and ever”
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REV 10 6 t2f6 ὤμοσεν τῷ ζῶντι εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων 1 He swore by the one who lives forever and ever Alternate translation: “and he asked that what he was going to say would be confirmed by the one who lives forever and ever”
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REV 10 6 gmm8 τῷ ζῶντι εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων 1 the one who lives forever and ever Here, **the one who lives forever and ever** refers to God.
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REV 10 6 egm1 χρόνος οὐκέτι ἔσται 1 There will be no more delay “There will be no more waiting” or “God will not delay”
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REV 10 6 egm1 χρόνος οὐκέτι ἔσται 1 There will be no more delay Alternate translation: “There will be no more waiting” or “God will not delay”
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REV 10 7 c5gy figs-activepassive ἐτελέσθη τὸ μυστήριον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the mystery of God will be accomplished If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “God will accomplish his mystery” or “God will complete his secret plan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 10 8 t61f 0 Connecting Statement: John hears the voice from heaven, which he had heard in [Revelation 10:4](../10/04.md), speak to him again.
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REV 10 8 v6a9 figs-synecdoche ἡ φωνὴ ἣν ἤκουσα ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 The voice I heard from heaven Here, **voice** refers to the speaker. Alternate translation: “the one I heard speak from heaven” or “the one who had spoken to me from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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REV 10 8 tkq7 ἤκουσα 1 I heard John heard
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REV 10 9 x13b λέγει μοι 1 He said to me “the angel said to me”
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REV 10 8 tkq7 ἤκουσα 1 I heard John heard.
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REV 10 9 x13b λέγει μοι 1 He said to me Alternate translation: “the angel said to me”
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REV 10 9 tg31 πικρανεῖ σου τὴν κοιλίαν 1 make … bitter This refers to a bad taste from the **stomach** after eating something that is not good. Alternate translation: “it will make your stomach sour”
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REV 10 11 ahb4 figs-metonymy γλώσσαις 1 languages Here, **tongues** refers to the people who speak the languages. Alternate translation: “many language communities” or “many groups of people who speak their own languages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
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REV 11 intro s117 0 # Revelation 11 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 15 and 17-18.<br><br>### Woe<br><br>John describes several “woes” in the book of Revelation. This chapter describes a second and third “woe” announced at the end of Chapter 8.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gentiles<br><br>The word “Gentiles” here refers to ungodly people groups and not Gentile Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>### Two witnesses<br><br>Scholars have suggested many different ideas about these two witnesses. Translators do not need to understand this passage to accurately translate it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>### Bottomless pit<br><br>This image is seen several times in the Book of Revelation. It is a picture of hell as being inescapable and the opposite direction as heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]])
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REV 11 1 ba9b 0 General Information: John begins to describe a vision about receiving a measuring rod and two witnesses that God appointed. This vision also takes place between the blowing of the sixth and seventh trumpets.
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REV 11 1 lkn6 figs-activepassive ἐδόθη μοι κάλαμος ὅμοιος ῥάβδῳ 1 A reed was given to me If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “sSomeone gave me a reed like a measuring rod” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 11 1 tl86 ἐδόθη μοι…λέγων 1 given to me … I was told Here, **me** refers to John.
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REV 11 1 ha6e τοὺς προσκυνοῦντας ἐν αὐτῷ 1 those who worship in it “count those who worship in the temple”
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REV 11 1 ha6e τοὺς προσκυνοῦντας ἐν αὐτῷ 1 those who worship in it Alternate translation: “count those who worship in the temple”
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REV 11 2 jae6 πατήσουσιν 1 trample To **trample** to treat something as worthless by walking on it.
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REV 11 3 jk7r 0 Connecting Statement: God continues speaking to John.
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REV 11 3 rib4 translate-numbers ἡμέρας χιλίας διακοσίας ἑξήκοντα 1 for 1,260 days “for one thousand two hundred and sixty days” or “for twelve hundred and sixty days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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REV 11 3 h8vh figs-explicit περιβεβλημένοι σάκκους 1 days, clothed in sackcloth You can make it explicit why they will wear **sackcloth**. Alternate translation: “wearing rough mourning clothes” or “wearing scratchy clothes to show that they are very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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REV 11 4 pa44 writing-symlanguage οὗτοί εἰσιν αἱ δύο ἐλαῖαι καὶ αἱ δύο λυχνίαι, αἱ ἐνώπιον τοῦ Κυρίου τῆς γῆς ἑστῶτες 1 These witnesses are the two olive trees and the two lampstands that have stood before the Lord of the earth The **two olive trees** and the **two lampstands** symbolize these people, but they are not literally the people. Alternate translation: “The two olive trees and the two lampstands that have stood before the Lord of the earth represent these witnesses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
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REV 11 4 p6mi figs-explicit αἱ δύο ἐλαῖαι καὶ αἱ δύο λυχνίαι, αἱ 1 the two olive trees and the two lampstands that John expects his readers to know about the **two olive trees and the two lampstands** because many years earlier another prophet had written about them. Alternate translation: “the two olive trees and the two lampstands, told about in scripture, that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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REV 11 5 nr2s πῦρ ἐκπορεύεται ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτῶν, καὶ κατεσθίει τοὺς ἐχθροὺς αὐτῶν 1 fire comes out of their mouth and devours their enemies Because this is about future events, you can state this in the future tense. Alternate translation: “fire will come out of their mouth and devour their enemies”
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REV 11 5 ab6b figs-metaphor πῦρ…κατεσθίει τοὺς ἐχθροὺς αὐτῶν 1 fire … devours their enemies Here, **fire** burning and killing people is spoken of as if it were an animal that could eat them up. Alternate translation: “fire … will destroy their enemies” or “fire … will completely burn up their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 11 6 cac1 figs-metaphor κλεῖσαι τὸν οὐρανόν, ἵνα μὴ ὑετὸς βρέχῃ 1 to close up the sky so that no rain will fall John speaks of **the sky** as if it had a door that someone can open to let **rain** **fall** or close to stop the rain. Alternate translation: “to keep rain from falling from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 11 6 a7ed στρέφειν 1 to turn “to change”
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REV 11 6 a7ed στρέφειν 1 to turn Alternate translation: “to change”
|
||||
REV 11 6 kth7 figs-metaphor πατάξαι τὴν γῆν ἐν πάσῃ πληγῇ 1 to strike the earth with every kind of plague John speaks of the plagues as if they were a stick that someone could hit the earth with. Alternate translation: “to cause all kinds of trouble to occur on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 11 7 i679 Ἀβύσσου 1 bottomless pit The **abyss** is an extremely deep narrow hole. This could mean: (1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever. (2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
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REV 11 8 r45p τὰ πτώματα αὐτῶν 1 Their bodies Here, **their corpses** refers to the bodies of the two witnesses.
|
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REV 11 8 p9fu ἐπὶ τῆς πλατείας τῆς πόλεως τῆς μεγάλης 1 in the street of the great city The city had more than one **street**. This was a public place where people could see them. Alternate translation: “in one of the streets of the great city” or “in the main street of the great city”
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REV 11 8 iea1 ὁ Κύριος αὐτῶν 1 their Lord They served the **Lord**, and like him, would die in that city.
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REV 11 9 h3i2 translate-numbers ἡμέρας τρεῖς καὶ ἥμισυ 1 three and a half days “three full days and one half day” or “3.5 days” or “3-1/2 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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REV 11 9 bp61 τὰ πτώματα αὐτῶν οὐκ ἀφίουσιν τεθῆναι εἰς μνῆμα 1 They will not permit them to be placed in a tomb This will be a sign of disrespect.
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REV 11 10 dm89 χαίρουσιν ἐπ’ αὐτοῖς, καὶ εὐφραίνονται 1 will rejoice over them and celebrate “will rejoice and celebrate that the two witnesses have died”
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REV 11 9 h3i2 translate-numbers ἡμέρας τρεῖς καὶ ἥμισυ 1 three and a half days Alternate translation: “three full days and one half day” or “3.5 days” or “3-1/2 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||||
REV 11 9 bp61 τὰ πτώματα αὐτῶν οὐκ ἀφίουσιν τεθῆναι εἰς μνῆμα 1 They will not permit them to be placed in a tomb They will leave their bodies in the street as a sign of disrespect.
|
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REV 11 10 dm89 χαίρουσιν ἐπ’ αὐτοῖς, καὶ εὐφραίνονται 1 will rejoice over them and celebrate Alternate translation: “will rejoice and celebrate that the two witnesses have died”
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REV 11 10 trs2 translate-symaction δῶρα πέμψουσιν ἀλλήλοις 1 even send gifts to one another Sending **gifts to one another** shows how happy the people were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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REV 11 10 h4pq ὅτι οὗτοι οἱ δύο προφῆται ἐβασάνισαν τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς 1 because these two prophets tormented those who lived on the earth This is the reason that the people will be so happy that the witnesses have died.
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REV 11 11 x3gn translate-numbers τὰς τρεῖς ἡμέρας καὶ ἥμισυ 1 three and a half days “three full days and one half day” or “3.5 days” or “3-1/2 days.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 11:9](../11/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||||
REV 11 11 x3gn translate-numbers τὰς τρεῖς ἡμέρας καὶ ἥμισυ 1 three and a half days Alternate translation: “three full days and one half day” or “3.5 days” or “3-1/2 days.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 11:9](../11/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||||
REV 11 11 al5w figs-metaphor πνεῦμα ζωῆς ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς αὐτούς 1 a breath of life from God will enter them The ability to breathe is spoken of as if it were something that can go into people. Alternate translation: “God will cause the two witnesses to breathe again and live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 11 11 u265 figs-metaphor φόβος μέγας ἐπέπεσεν ἐπὶ τοὺς θεωροῦντας αὐτούς 1 Great fear will fall on those who see them Here, **fear** is spoken of as if it were a object that can fall on people. Alternate translation: “those who see them will be extremely afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
REV 11 12 f8ze καὶ ἤκουσαν 1 Then they will hear Here, **they heard** could mean: (1) the two witnesses will hear. (2) the people will hear what is said to the two witnesses.
|
||||
REV 11 12 mkq9 figs-metonymy φωνῆς μεγάλης ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 a loud voice from heaven Here, **a loud voice** refers to the one who speaks. Alternate translation: “someone speak loudly to them from heaven and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 11 12 l1x7 λεγούσης αὐτοῖς 1 say to them “saying to the two witnesses”
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||||
REV 11 13 fa14 οἱ λοιποὶ 1 the survivors “those who do not die” or “those who are still living”
|
||||
REV 11 13 f4r2 ἔδωκαν δόξαν τῷ Θεῷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 give glory to the God of heaven “said that the God of heaven is glorious”
|
||||
REV 11 14 l7jp ἡ οὐαὶ ἡ δευτέρα ἀπῆλθεν 1 The second woe is past “The second terrible event is over.” See how you translated “The first woe is past” in [Revelation 9:12](../09/12.md).
|
||||
REV 11 12 l1x7 λεγούσης αὐτοῖς 1 say to them Alternate translation: “saying to the two witnesses”
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||||
REV 11 13 fa14 οἱ λοιποὶ 1 the survivors Alternate translation: “those who do not die” or “those who are still living”
|
||||
REV 11 13 f4r2 ἔδωκαν δόξαν τῷ Θεῷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 give glory to the God of heaven Alternate translation: “said that the God of heaven is glorious”
|
||||
REV 11 14 l7jp ἡ οὐαὶ ἡ δευτέρα ἀπῆλθεν 1 The second woe is past See how you translated “The first woe is past” in [Revelation 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “The second terrible event is over”
|
||||
REV 11 14 j1m5 figs-metaphor ἡ οὐαὶ ἡ τρίτη ἔρχεται ταχύ 1 The third woe is coming quickly Existing in the future is spoken of as **coming**. Alternate translation: “The third woe will happen soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
REV 11 15 l1be 0 Connecting Statement: The last of the seven angels begins to sound his trumpet.
|
||||
REV 11 15 sxx9 translate-ordinal ὁ ἕβδομος ἄγγελος 1 the seventh angel This is the last of the seven angels. See how you translated **seventh** in [Revelation 8:1](../08/01.md). The word **seventh** is an ordinal number. Alternate translation: “the final angel” or “angel number seven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||||
REV 11 15 zt2f ἐγένοντο φωναὶ μεγάλαι ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ λέγουσαι 1 loud voices spoke in heaven and said The phrase **loud voices** represents speakers who spoke loudly. Alternate translation: “speakers in heaven spoke loudly and said”
|
||||
REV 11 15 jsm2 figs-metonymy ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 The kingdom of the world … the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ Here, **kingdom** refers to the authority to rule **the world**. Alternate translation: “The authority to rule the world has become the authority that belongs to our Lord and his Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 11 15 en51 figs-metonymy τοῦ κόσμου 1 the world This refers to everyone in **the world**. Alternate translation: “everyone in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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||||
REV 11 15 sw4u ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ “Our Lord and his Christ are now the rulers of the world”
|
||||
REV 11 15 en51 figs-metonymy τοῦ κόσμου 1 the world Here, **the world** refers to every person in **the world**. Alternate translation: “everyone in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 11 15 sw4u ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ Alternate translation: “Our Lord and his Christ are now the rulers of the world”
|
||||
REV 11 16 s2nv figs-idiom ἔπεσαν ἐπὶ τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν 1 fell upon their faces Here, **fell upon their faces** is an idiom that means they lay down facing the ground. See how you translated “prostrated themselves” in [Revelation 4:10](../04/10.md). Alternate translation: “they bowed down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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||||
REV 11 17 dw6v figs-distinguish σοι, Κύριε ὁ Θεός ὁ Παντοκράτωρ, ὁ ὢν, καὶ ὁ ἦν 1 you, Lord God Almighty, the one who is and who was You can state these phrases as sentences. Alternate translation: “you, Lord God, the ruler over all. You are the one who is, and you are the one who was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
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||||
REV 11 17 fq4b ὁ ὢν 1 the one who is “the one who exists” or “the one who lives”
|
||||
REV 11 17 ea29 ὁ ἦν 1 who was “who has always existed” or “who has always lived”
|
||||
REV 11 17 fq4b ὁ ὢν 1 the one who is Alternate translation: “the one who exists” or “the one who lives”
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REV 11 17 ea29 ὁ ἦν 1 who was Alternate translation: “who has always existed” or “who has always lived”
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REV 11 17 fe2b figs-explicit εἴληφας τὴν δύναμίν σου τὴν μεγάλην 1 you have taken your great power If your readers would misunderstand this phrase, you can state explicitly what God did with his **great power**. Alternate translation: “you have defeated with your power everyone who has rebelled against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
REV 11 18 qw72 0 General Information: The words **you** and **your** refer to God.
|
||||
REV 11 18 kx7k 0 Connecting Statement: The 24 elders continue praising God.
|
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REV 11 18 amc2 ὠργίσθησαν 1 were enraged “were extremely angry”
|
||||
REV 11 18 iv5k figs-metaphor ἦλθεν ἡ ὀργή σου 1 your wrath has come Existing in the present is spoken of as having **come**. Alternate translation: “you are ready to show your anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 11 18 v18q figs-metaphor ἦλθεν ἡ ὀργή σου 1 The time has come Existing in the present is spoken of as having come. Alternate translation: “you are very angry” or “you have begun to demonstrate your anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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||||
REV 11 18 h833 figs-activepassive τῶν νεκρῶν κριθῆναι 1 for the dead to be judged If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “for God to judge the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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||||
REV 11 18 zk1u figs-nominaladj τῶν νεκρῶν 1 the dead You can state the nominal adjective **dead** as a verb or adjective. Alternate translation: “for those who have died” or “for the dead people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||||
REV 11 18 zk1u figs-nominaladj τῶν νεκρῶν 1 the dead If your readers would misunderstand the nominal adjective **dead**, you can state it as a verb or adjective. Alternate translation: “for those who have died” or “for the dead people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||||
REV 11 18 k3ba figs-metonymy τοῖς φοβουμένοις τὸ ὄνομά σου 1 the prophets, those who are believers, and those who feared your name Here, **name** is a metonym for the person of Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “to those who fear you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
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REV 11 19 c7pd figs-activepassive καὶ ἠνοίγη ὁ ναὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ ὁ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ 1 Then God’s temple in heaven was opened If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “Then someone opened God’s temple in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 11 19 d9z7 figs-activepassive ὤφθη ἡ κιβωτὸς τῆς διαθήκης τοῦ Κυρίου ἐν τῷ ναῷ αὐτοῦ 1 the ark of his covenant was seen within his temple If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “I saw the ark of his covenant in his temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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@ -519,11 +509,11 @@ REV 12 1 n4ii 0 General Information: John begins to describe a woman who appea
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REV 12 1 j9yl figs-activepassive γυνὴ περιβεβλημένη τὸν ἥλιον, καὶ ἡ σελήνη ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν αὐτῆς 1 a woman clothed with the sun, and with the moon under her feet If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “a woman who was wearing the sun and had the moon under her feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 12 3 y4c1 0 Connecting Statement: John describes a dragon that appears in his vision.
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REV 12 3 s1j6 writing-symlanguage δράκων 1 dragon The **dragon** was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
|
||||
REV 12 4 ii1k translate-fraction τὸ τρίτον 1 a third “one third.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 8:7](../08/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
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REV 12 4 ii1k translate-fraction τὸ τρίτον 1 a third See how you translated this in [Revelation 8:7](../08/07.md). Alternate translation: “one third” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
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REV 12 5 zr5q figs-metaphor ποιμαίνειν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ἐν ῥάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ 1 rule all the nations with an iron rod Here, ruling harshly is spoken of as ruling **with an iron rod**. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 2:27](../02/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 12 5 kfr1 figs-activepassive ἡρπάσθη τὸ τέκνον αὐτῆς πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν 1 Her child was snatched away to God If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “God quickly took her child to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 12 7 wh37 writing-symlanguage δράκοντος 1 dragon The **dragon** was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified in verse 9 as “the devil or Satan.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
|
||||
REV 12 8 uj6a οὐδὲ τόπος εὑρέθη αὐτῶν ἔτι ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ 1 So there was no longer any place in heaven for him and his angels “so the dragon and his angels could no longer stay in heaven”
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REV 12 8 uj6a οὐδὲ τόπος εὑρέθη αὐτῶν ἔτι ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ 1 So there was no longer any place in heaven for him and his angels Alternate translation: “so the dragon and his angels could no longer stay in heaven”
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REV 12 9 pk5u figs-distinguish ὁ δράκων ὁ μέγας, ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος, ὁ καλούμενος, Διάβολος, καὶ ὁ Σατανᾶς, ὁ πλανῶν τὴν οἰκουμένην ὅλην; ἐβλήθη εἰς τὴν γῆν, καὶ οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτοῦ μετ’ αὐτοῦ ἐβλήθησαν 1 dragon—that old serpent called the devil or Satan, who deceives the whole world—was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him You can give the information about the serpent in a separate sentence after the statement that it was thrown down to the earth. Alternate translation: “the great dragon was thrown down to earth, and his angels were thrown down with him. He is the old serpent who deceives the world and is called the devil or Satan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
|
||||
REV 12 9 v1tp figs-activepassive ἐβλήθη ὁ δράκων ὁ μέγας, ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος, ὁ καλούμενος, Διάβολος, καὶ ὁ Σατανᾶς, ὁ πλανῶν τὴν οἰκουμένην ὅλην; ἐβλήθη εἰς τὴν γῆν, καὶ οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτοῦ μετ’ αὐτοῦ ἐβλήθησαν 1 The great dragon … was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “God threw the great dragon—the ancient serpent, who people also call the devil and Satan—and his angels out of heaven and sent them to the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
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REV 12 10 jb7z ἤκουσα 1 I heard The word **I** refers to John.
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@ -533,8 +523,7 @@ REV 12 10 a5fm ἐγένετο 1 have come God is revealing these things becaus
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REV 12 10 yg1a ἐβλήθη ὁ κατήγορος τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἡμῶν 1 the accuser of our brothers has been thrown down Here, **the accuser of our brothers** is the dragon that was thrown down in [Revelation 12:9](../12/09.md).
|
||||
REV 12 10 a9wf figs-metaphor τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἡμῶν 1 our brothers Fellow believers are spoken of as if they were **brothers**. Alternate translation: “our fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
REV 12 10 jn6q figs-merism ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός 1 day and night These two parts of the day are used together to mean “all the time” or “without stopping” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||||
REV 12 11 lkk6 0 Connecting Statement: The loud voice from heaven continues to speak.
|
||||
REV 12 11 qmg8 αὐτοὶ ἐνίκησαν αὐτὸν 1 They conquered him “they conquered the accuser”
|
||||
REV 12 11 qmg8 αὐτοὶ ἐνίκησαν αὐτὸν 1 They conquered him Alternate translation: “they conquered the accuser”
|
||||
REV 12 11 zt7v figs-metonymy διὰ τὸ αἷμα τοῦ Ἀρνίου 1 by the blood of the Lamb Here, **the blood** refers to the death of the Lamb. Alternate translation: “because the Lamb had shed his blood and died for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 12 11 lht6 figs-abstractnouns διὰ τὸν λόγον τῆς μαρτυρίας αὐτῶν 1 by the word of their testimony If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **testimony**, you can express it with the verb “testify” and you can state who they testified. Alternate translation: “by what they said when they testified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
REV 12 11 kuj5 figs-explicit διὰ τὸν λόγον τῆς μαρτυρίας αὐτῶν 1 If your readers would misunderstand this phrase, you can state explicitly what they testified. Alternate translation: “by what they said when they testified to others about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
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@ -555,64 +544,64 @@ REV 13 2 xa3a ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ ὁ δράκων τὴν δύναμιν
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REV 13 2 c4wx ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ ὁ δράκων τὴν δύναμιν αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὸν θρόνον αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐξουσίαν μεγάλην 1 his power … his throne, and his great authority to rule The words **power**, **throne**, and **authority** are three ways of referring to the dragon's authority, and together they emphasize that the authority was great.
|
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REV 13 2 gyv9 figs-metonymy τὸν θρόνον αὐτοῦ 1 his throne Here, **throne** refers to the dragon’s authority to rule as king. Alternate translation: “his royal authority” or “his authority to rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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REV 13 3 yt22 figs-activepassive καὶ ἡ πληγὴ τοῦ θανάτου αὐτοῦ ἐθεραπεύθη 1 but its fatal wound was healed If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “but its fatal wound healed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 13 3 ba2z ἡ πληγὴ τοῦ θανάτου 1 fatal wound “deadly wound.” This is an injury that is serious enough to cause a person to die.
|
||||
REV 13 3 jc7x figs-metonymy ὅλη ἡ γῆ 1 The whole earth Here, **earth** refers to the people who live on it. Alternate translation: “all the people on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 13 3 xx3h ὀπίσω τοῦ θηρίου 1 followed the beast “obeyed the beast”
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REV 13 3 ba2z ἡ πληγὴ τοῦ θανάτου 1 fatal wound This is an injury that is serious enough to cause a person to die. Alternate translation: “deadly wound”
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||||
REV 13 3 jc7x figs-metonymy ὅλη ἡ γῆ 1 The whole earth Here, **the whole earth** refers to all the people who live anywhere on it. Alternate translation: “all the people on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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REV 13 3 xx3h ὀπίσω τοῦ θηρίου 1 followed the beast Alternate translation: “obeyed the beast”
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||||
REV 13 4 t15f writing-symlanguage δράκοντι 1 dragon The **dragon** was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified as “the devil or Satan.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
|
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REV 13 4 yuu8 ἔδωκεν τὴν ἐξουσίαν τῷ θηρίῳ 1 he had given his authority to the beast “he had caused the beast to have as much authority as he had”
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REV 13 4 ep4n figs-rquestion τίς ὅμοιος τῷ θηρίῳ, καὶ τίς δύναται πολεμῆσαι μετ’ αὐτοῦ? 1 Who is like the beast? This question shows how amazed they were about the beast. You can translate this as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one is as powerful as the beast or able to fight against it and win!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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REV 13 4 yuu8 ἔδωκεν τὴν ἐξουσίαν τῷ θηρίῳ 1 he had given his authority to the beast Alternate translation: “he had caused the beast to have as much authority as he had”
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||||
REV 13 4 ep4n figs-rquestion τίς ὅμοιος τῷ θηρίῳ, καὶ τίς δύναται πολεμῆσαι μετ’ αὐτοῦ? 1 Who is like the beast? This question shows how amazed they were about the beast. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can translate it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one is as powerful as the beast or able to fight against it and win!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
REV 13 5 p2n5 figs-activepassive ἐδόθη αὐτῷ…ἐδόθη αὐτῷ 1 The beast was given … It was permitted If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “God gave the beast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 13 5 y29e figs-metonymy ἐδόθη αὐτῷ στόμα λαλοῦν 1 The beast was given a mouth that could speak Being **given a mouth** refers to being allowed to speak. Alternate translation: “the beast was allowed to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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REV 13 6 ru6v εἰς βλασφημίας πρὸς τὸν Θεόν 1 to speak blasphemies against God “to say disrespectful things about God”
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REV 13 6 ru6v εἰς βλασφημίας πρὸς τὸν Θεόν 1 to speak blasphemies against God Alternate translation: “to say disrespectful things about God”
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REV 13 6 k71y βλασφημῆσαι τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὴν σκηνὴν αὐτοῦ, τοὺς ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ σκηνοῦντας 1 blaspheming his name, the place where he lives, and those who live in heaven These phrases tell how the beast spoke blasphemies against God.
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REV 13 7 fyp6 figs-activepassive ἐδόθη αὐτῷ ἐξουσία 1 authority was given to it If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “God gave authority to the beast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 13 7 f5rl πᾶσαν φυλὴν, καὶ λαὸν, καὶ γλῶσσαν, καὶ ἔθνος 1 every tribe, people, language, and nation This means that people from every ethnic group are included. See how you translated a similar list in [Revelation 5:9](../05/09.md).
|
||||
REV 13 8 nr7r προσκυνήσουσιν αὐτὸν 1 will worship it “will worship the beast”
|
||||
REV 13 8 nr7r προσκυνήσουσιν αὐτὸν 1 will worship it Alternate translation: “will worship the beast”
|
||||
REV 13 8 vyy8 figs-activepassive ὧν οὐ γέγραπται τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τῆς ζωῆς 1 everyone whose name was not written … in the Book of Life This phrase clarifies who on the earth will worship the beast. If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “everyone whose names the Lamb did not write in the Book of Life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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||||
REV 13 8 nj7e ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου 1 since the creation of the world “when God created the world”
|
||||
REV 13 8 nj7e ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου 1 since the creation of the world Alternate translation: “when God created the world”
|
||||
REV 13 8 vac6 writing-symlanguage τοῦ Ἀρνίου 1 the Lamb A lamb is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
|
||||
REV 13 8 bcu5 figs-activepassive τοῦ ἐσφαγμένου 1 who had been slaughtered If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the people slaughtered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 13 9 tdy8 0 General Information: These verses are a break from John’s account of his vision. Here he give a warning to the people reading his account.
|
||||
REV 13 9 rr9a figs-metonymy εἴ τις ἔχει οὖς, ἀκουσάτω 1 If anyone has an ear, let him hear Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. Here, **has an ear** is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “If anyone is willing to listen, listen” or “If anyone is willing to understand, let him understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 13 9 tx89 figs-123person εἴ τις ἔχει οὖς, ἀκουσάτω 1 If anyone … let him hear Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||||
REV 13 10 r6sx figs-explicit εἴ τις εἰς αἰχμαλωσίαν 1 If anyone is to be taken This expression means that someone has decided who should be taken. If your readers would misunderstand this phrase, you may state explicitly who decided it. Alternate translation: “If God has decided that someone should be taken captive” or “If it is God’s will that someone should be taken into captivity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
REV 13 10 ilzz figs-abstractnouns εἴ τις εἰς αἰχμαλωσίαν 1 If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun “captivity”, you can express it with the verb “capture.” Alternate translation: “If it is God’s will for a certain person to captured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
REV 13 10 ilzz figs-abstractnouns εἴ τις εἰς αἰχμαλωσίαν 1 If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **captivity**, you can express it with the verb “capture.” Alternate translation: “If it is God’s will for a certain person to captured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
REV 13 10 ipw7 figs-activepassive εἴ τις εἰς αἰχμαλωσίαν 1 If anyone is to be taken into captivity If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “If it is God’s will for the enemy to capture a certain person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 13 10 mtu9 figs-activepassive εἴ τις ἐν μαχαίρῃ ἀποκτενεῖ 1 If anyone is to be killed with the sword If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “If it is God’s will for the enemy to kill a certain person with a sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 13 10 cdi9 figs-metonymy ἐν μαχαίρῃ 1 with the sword Here, **the sword** represents war. Alternate translation: “in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 13 10 d2rw figs-activepassive δεῖ αὐτὸν…ἀποκτανθῆναι 1 he will be killed If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemy will kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 13 10 pk8r ὧδέ ἐστιν ἡ ὑπομονὴ καὶ ἡ πίστις τῶν ἁγίων 1 Here is a call for the patient endurance and faith of the saints “God’s holy people must endure patiently and be faithful”
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||||
REV 13 10 pk8r ὧδέ ἐστιν ἡ ὑπομονὴ καὶ ἡ πίστις τῶν ἁγίων 1 Here is a call for the patient endurance and faith of the saints Alternate translation: “God’s holy people must endure patiently and be faithful”
|
||||
REV 13 11 pg7g 0 Connecting Statement: John begins to describe another beast who appears in his vision.
|
||||
REV 13 11 e7aw figs-simile ἐλάλει ὡς δράκων 1 it spoke like a dragon Harsh speech is spoken of as if it were the roar of **a dragon**. Alternate translation: “it spoke harshly like a dragon speaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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||||
REV 13 11 k9g8 writing-symlanguage δράκων 1 dragon The **dragon** was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified as “the devil or Satan.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
|
||||
REV 13 12 a2fp τὴν γῆν καὶ τοὺς ἐν αὐτῇ κατοικοῦντας 1 the earth and those who live on it “everyone on the earth”
|
||||
REV 13 12 a2fp τὴν γῆν καὶ τοὺς ἐν αὐτῇ κατοικοῦντας 1 the earth and those who live on it Alternate translation: “everyone on the earth”
|
||||
REV 13 12 ys3n figs-activepassive οὗ ἐθεραπεύθη ἡ πληγὴ τοῦ θανάτου αὐτοῦ 1 the one whose lethal wound had been healed If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “the one who had a lethal wound that healed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 13 12 jc77 ἡ πληγὴ τοῦ θανάτου 1 lethal wound “deadly wound.” This was an injury that was serious enough that it could have made him die.
|
||||
REV 13 13 z2ws ποιεῖ 1 It performed “the beast from the earth performed”
|
||||
REV 13 12 jc77 ἡ πληγὴ τοῦ θανάτου 1 lethal wound This was an injury that was serious enough that it could have made him die. Alternate translation: “deadly wound”
|
||||
REV 13 13 z2ws ποιεῖ 1 It performed Alternate translation: “the beast from the earth performed”
|
||||
REV 13 15 dl87 figs-activepassive ἐδόθη αὐτῷ 1 It was permitted If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “God permitted the beast from the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 13 15 cw55 figs-metonymy δοῦναι πνεῦμα τῇ εἰκόνι τοῦ θηρίου 1 to give breath to the beast’s image Here, **breath** represents life. Alternate translation: “to give life to the beast’s image” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 13 15 dey8 τῇ εἰκόνι τοῦ θηρίου 1 the beast’s image This is **the image** of the first **beast** that had been mentioned.
|
||||
REV 13 15 ruk5 figs-activepassive ποιήσῃ ὅσοι ἐὰν μὴ προσκυνήσωσιν τῇ εἰκόνι τοῦ θηρίου ἀποκτανθῶσιν 1 cause all who refused to worship the beast to be killed If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “might put to death anyone who refused to worship the first beast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 13 16 h9u9 καὶ ποιεῖ πάντας 1 It also forced everyone “And the beast from the earth also forced everyone”
|
||||
REV 13 16 h9u9 καὶ ποιεῖ πάντας 1 It also forced everyone Alternate translation: “And the beast from the earth also forced everyone”
|
||||
REV 13 17 t7wm figs-explicit μή τις δύνηται ἀγοράσαι ἢ πωλῆσαι, εἰ μὴ ὁ ἔχων τὸ χάραγμα, τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ θηρίου 1 It was impossible for anyone to buy or sell unless he had the mark of the name of the beast The implicit information is that the beast from the earth commanded these things. If your readers would misunderstand this phrase, you can state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he commanded that people could buy or sell things only if they had the mark of the beast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
REV 13 17 j8x4 τὸ χάραγμα, τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ θηρίου 1 the mark of the name of the beast The **mark** indicated that the person who received it worshiped **the beast**.
|
||||
REV 13 18 i46m 0 General Information: This verse is a break from John’s account of his vision. Here he gives another warning to the people reading his account.
|
||||
REV 13 18 uk74 ὧδε ἡ σοφία ἐστίν 1 Here is wisdom “Wisdom is needed” or “You need to be wise about this”
|
||||
REV 13 18 uk74 ὧδε ἡ σοφία ἐστίν 1 Here is wisdom Alternate translation: “Wisdom is needed” or “You need to be wise about this”
|
||||
REV 13 18 z8tz figs-abstractnouns ὁ ἔχων νοῦν ψηφισάτω 1 If anyone has understanding If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **insight**, you can express it with the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “If anyone is able to understand things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
REV 13 18 ri1y ψηφισάτω τὸν ἀριθμὸν τοῦ θηρίου 1 let him calculate the number of the beast “he should discern what the number of the beast means” or “he should figure out what the number of the beast means”
|
||||
REV 13 18 ri1y ψηφισάτω τὸν ἀριθμὸν τοῦ θηρίου 1 let him calculate the number of the beast Alternate translation: “he should discern what the number of the beast means” or “he should figure out what the number of the beast means”
|
||||
REV 13 18 bbn2 ἀριθμὸς…ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν 1 is the number of a human being The **number** could represent: (1) one person. (2) all of humanity.
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||||
REV 14 intro q71v 0 # Revelation 14 General Notes<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Harvest<br><br>Harvest is when people go out to gather ripe food from plants. Jesus used this as a metaphor to teach his followers that they need to go and tell other people about him so those people can be part of God’s kingdom. This chapter uses the metaphor of two harvests. Jesus gathers in his people from the whole earth. Then an angel gathers in wicked people whom God will punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
|
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REV 14 1 e7u7 0 General Information: The word **I** refers to John.
|
||||
REV 14 1 ck6y 0 Connecting Statement: John begins to describe the next part of his vision. There are 144,000 believers standing before the Lamb.
|
||||
REV 14 1 a3kz writing-symlanguage τὸ Ἀρνίον 1 the Lamb A lamb is a young sheep. Here, **the Lamb** it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
|
||||
REV 14 1 uc96 translate-numbers ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες 1 144000 “one hundred forty-four thousand.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:4](../07/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||||
REV 14 1 uc96 translate-numbers ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες 1 144000 See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: “one hundred forty-four thousand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||||
REV 14 1 z963 figs-activepassive ἔχουσαι τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, γεγραμμένον ἐπὶ τῶν μετώπων αὐτῶν 1 who had his name and his Father’s name written on their foreheads If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “on whose foreheads the Lamb and his Father had written their names” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 14 1 rf47 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτοῦ 1 his Father **Father** is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
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||||
REV 14 2 hwu4 φωνὴν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 a voice from heaven “a sound from heaven”
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||||
REV 14 3 sz1f ᾄδουσιν ᾠδὴν καινὴν 1 They sang a new song This explains what the sound was that John heard in verse 2. Alternate translation: “that sound was a new song that they sang” or “the sound was the 144,000 people singing a new song”
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REV 14 2 hwu4 φωνὴν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 a voice from heaven Alternate translation: “a sound from heaven”
|
||||
REV 14 3 sz1f ᾄδουσιν ᾠδὴν καινὴν 1 They sang a new song This phrase explains what the sound was that John heard in verse 2. Alternate translation: “that sound was a new song that they sang” or “the sound was the 144,000 people singing a new song”
|
||||
REV 14 3 ii11 τῶν τεσσάρων ζῴων 1 the four living creatures See how you translated “living creature” in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md)
|
||||
REV 14 3 m75y τῶν πρεσβυτέρων 1 the elders Here, **the elders** refers to the twenty-four elders around the throne. See how you translated “elders” in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md).
|
||||
REV 14 3 q6fc translate-numbers ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες 1 144000 “one hundred forty-four thousand.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:4](../07/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||||
REV 14 3 q6fc translate-numbers ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες 1 144000 See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: “one hundred forty-four thousand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||||
REV 14 4 jet6 μετὰ γυναικῶν οὐκ ἐμολύνθησαν 1 have not defiled themselves with women This could mean: (1) they have never had immoral sexual relations with a woman. (2) they have never had sexual relations with a woman. Defiling oneself with women may be a symbol of worshiping idols.
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REV 14 4 a7ir παρθένοι 1 virgins This could mean: (1) they did not have sexual relations with a woman who was not their wife. (2) they are virgins.
|
||||
REV 14 4 q3hg figs-metaphor οἱ ἀκολουθοῦντες τῷ Ἀρνίῳ ὅπου ἂν ὑπάγει 1 the ones who follow the Lamb wherever he goes Doing what the Lamb does is spoken of as following him. Alternate translation: “they do whatever the Lamb does” or “they obey the Lamb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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|
@ -628,38 +617,34 @@ REV 14 8 kg1i figs-metonymy ἣ…πεπότικεν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη
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REV 14 8 ldz2 writing-symlanguage ἣ ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς, πεπότικεν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη 1 to drink the wine of her immoral passion Here, **to drink from the wine** is a symbol for participating in her sexually **immoral passion**. Alternate translation: “to be sexually immoral like her” or “to get drunk like her in sexual sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
|
||||
REV 14 8 v3zk figs-personification τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς 1 her immoral passion Babylon is spoken of as if it were a prostitute who has caused other people to sin along with her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||||
REV 14 8 bey2 figs-metaphor τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς 1 Here, **immoral passion** may well have a double meaning: literal sexual immorality and also the worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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||||
REV 14 9 z6xp ἐν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ 1 with a loud voice “loudly”
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||||
REV 14 10 qw28 writing-symlanguage καὶ αὐτὸς πίεται ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 her will drink some of the wine of God’s wrath Here, **to drink from the wine of the wrath of God** is a symbol for being punished by God. Alternate translation: “will also drink some of the wine that represents God’s wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
|
||||
REV 14 10 fe83 figs-activepassive τοῦ κεκερασμένου ἀκράτου 1 that has been poured undiluted If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “that God has poured full strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 14 10 bb38 writing-symlanguage τοῦ κεκερασμένου ἀκράτου 1 that has been poured undiluted This means that the wine has no water mixed into it. It is strong, and a person who drinks much of it will get very drunk. As a symbol, it means that God will be extremely angry, not just a little angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
|
||||
REV 14 10 zl4g writing-symlanguage τῷ ποτηρίῳ τῆς ὀργῆς αὐτοῦ 1 the cup of his anger This symbolic **cup** holds the wine that represents God’s **anger**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
|
||||
REV 14 11 hh91 0 Connecting Statement: The third angel continues to speak.
|
||||
REV 14 11 dds6 figs-metonymy ὁ καπνὸς τοῦ βασανισμοῦ αὐτῶν 1 The smoke from their torment The phrase **their torment** refers to the fire that torments them. Alternate translation: “the smoke from the fire that torments them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
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REV 14 11 z5ea οὐκ ἔχουσιν ἀνάπαυσιν 1 they have no rest “they have no relief” or “the torment does not stop”
|
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REV 14 11 z5ea οὐκ ἔχουσιν ἀνάπαυσιν 1 they have no rest Alternate translation: “they have no relief” or “the torment does not stop”
|
||||
REV 14 12 me1j ὧδε ἡ ὑπομονὴ τῶν ἁγίων ἐστίν 1 Here is the patient endurance of the saints See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 13:10](../13/10.md).
|
||||
REV 14 13 x62q οἱ νεκροὶ οἱ…ἀποθνῄσκοντες 1 the dead who die “those who die”
|
||||
REV 14 13 hy1a οἱ ἐν Κυρίῳ ἀποθνῄσκοντες 1 who die in the Lord This may refer to people who are killed by their enemies. Alternate translation: “who are united to the Lord and die” or “who die because they are united to the Lord”
|
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REV 14 13 vd4m τῶν κόπων 1 labors difficulties and sufferings
|
||||
REV 14 13 x62q οἱ νεκροὶ οἱ…ἀποθνῄσκοντες 1 the dead who die Alternate translation: “those who die”
|
||||
REV 14 13 hy1a οἱ ἐν Κυρίῳ ἀποθνῄσκοντες 1 who die in the Lord This may refer to believers who are killed by their enemies. Alternate translation: “who are united to the Lord and die” or “who die because they are united to the Lord”
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REV 14 13 v4xz figs-personification τὰ…ἔργα αὐτῶν ἀκολουθεῖ μετ’ αὐτῶν 1 their deeds will follow them These **deeds** are spoken of as if they were alive and able to **follow** those who did them. This could mean: (1) others will know the good deeds these people have done. (2) God will reward them for their deeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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REV 14 14 ft6v writing-symlanguage 0 Connecting Statement: John begins to describe the next part of his vision. This part is about the Son of Man harvesting the earth. Harvesting the grain is a symbol of God’s judging people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
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REV 14 14 gvw8 figs-simile ὅμοιον Υἱὸν Ἀνθρώπου 1 one like a son of man Here, the expression **a son of man** describes a human figure, someone who looks human. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:13](../01/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
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REV 14 14 l89c translate-unknown δρέπανον ὀξύ 1 sickle A **sickle** is a tool with a curved blade used for cutting grass, grain, and vines (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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REV 14 15 v6dy ἐξῆλθεν ἐκ τοῦ ναοῦ 1 came out of the temple “came out of the heavenly temple”
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REV 14 15 v6dy ἐξῆλθεν ἐκ τοῦ ναοῦ 1 came out of the temple Alternate translation: “came out of the heavenly temple”
|
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REV 14 15 v2xf figs-metaphor ἦλθεν ἡ ὥρα θερίσαι 1 the time to reap has come Existing in the present is spoken of as having **come**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 14 16 nt7k figs-activepassive ἐθερίσθη ἡ γῆ 1 the earth was harvested If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “he harvested the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 14 17 fb4y 0 Connecting Statement: John continues describing his vision about the earth being harvested.
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REV 14 18 jp7l ὁ ἔχων ἐξουσίαν ἐπὶ τοῦ πυρός 1 who had authority over the fire Here, **authority over** refers to responsibility to tend **the fire**.
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REV 14 19 f3mn τὴν ληνὸν τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ τὸν μέγαν 1 the great wine vat of God’s wrath “the large wine vat where God will show his wrath”
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REV 14 19 f3mn τὴν ληνὸν τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ τὸν μέγαν 1 the great wine vat of God’s wrath Alternate translation: “the large wine vat where God will show his wrath”
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REV 14 20 b1bw ληνὸς 1 winepress This is “the great winepress” of [Revelation 14:19](../14/19.md).
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REV 14 20 xt4z ἄχρι τῶν χαλινῶν τῶν ἵππων 1 up to the height of a horse’s bridle “as high as the bridle in a horse’s mouth”
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REV 14 20 xt4z ἄχρι τῶν χαλινῶν τῶν ἵππων 1 up to the height of a horse’s bridle Alternate translation: “as high as the bridle in a horse’s mouth”
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REV 14 20 m2i9 τῶν χαλινῶν 1 bridle A **bridle** is device made of leather straps that goes around a horse’s head and is used for directing the horse.
|
||||
REV 14 20 gdl8 translate-numbers σταδίων χιλίων ἑξακοσίων 1 1,600 stadia “one thousand six hundred stadia” or “sixteen hundred stadia.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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REV 14 20 dbz1 translate-bdistance σταδίων χιλίων ἑξακοσίων 1 A “stadium” is 185 meters. The plural form of “stradium” is “stadia.” In modern measures this would be about “300 kilometers” or “200 miles.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
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REV 14 20 gdl8 translate-numbers σταδίων χιλίων ἑξακοσίων 1 1,600 stadia Alternate translation: “one thousand six hundred stadia” or “sixteen hundred stadia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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REV 14 20 dbz1 translate-bdistance σταδίων χιλίων ἑξακοσίων 1 A “stadium” is 185 meters. The plural form of “stradium” is **stadia**. In modern measures this would be about “300 kilometers” or “200 miles.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
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REV 15 intro zxt7 0 # Revelation 15 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In this chapter, John describes events and pictures that occur in heaven.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 3-4.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “Victorious over the beast”<br><br>These people are spiritually victorious. While most spiritual battles cannot be seen, the Book of Revelation pictures spiritual battles as openly occurring. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>### “The temple having the tent of witness, was open in heaven”<br><br>Scripture elsewhere indicates the earthly temple copied God’s perfect dwelling place in heaven. Here John seems to refer to God’s heavenly dwelling place or temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>### Songs<br><br>The Book of Revelation often describes heaven as a place where people sing. They worship God with songs. This illustrates that heaven is a place where God is always worshiped.
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||||
REV 15 1 p98c 0 General Information: This verse is a summary of what will happen in 15:6-16:21.
|
||||
REV 15 1 l345 figs-doublet μέγα καὶ θαυμαστόν 1 great and marvelous The words **great** and **marvelous** have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “something that greatly amazed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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REV 15 1 w6lf ἀγγέλους ἑπτὰ ἔχοντας πληγὰς ἑπτὰ 1 seven angels with seven plagues “seven angels who had authority to send seven plagues on the earth”
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||||
REV 15 1 mw7g τὰς ἐσχάτας 1 the final plagues “and after them, there will not be any more plagues”
|
||||
REV 15 1 w6lf ἀγγέλους ἑπτὰ ἔχοντας πληγὰς ἑπτὰ 1 seven angels with seven plagues Alternate translation: “seven angels who had authority to send seven plagues on the earth”
|
||||
REV 15 1 mw7g τὰς ἐσχάτας 1 the final plagues Alternate translation: “and after them, there will not be any more plagues”
|
||||
REV 15 1 ij3d figs-activepassive ὅτι ἐν αὐταῖς ἐτελέσθη ὁ θυμὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 for with them the wrath of God will be completed If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “for these plagues will complete the wrath of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 15 1 gdt5 ὅτι ἐν αὐταῖς ἐτελέσθη ὁ θυμὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 for with them the wrath of God will be completed This could mean: (1) these plagues will show all of God’s anger. (2) after these plagues, God will no longer be angry.
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||||
REV 15 2 ytq6 0 General Information: Here John begins to describe his vision of the people who had been victorious over the beast and who are praising God.
|
||||
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@ -667,12 +652,12 @@ REV 15 2 n9yj figs-metaphor θάλασσαν ὑαλίνην 1 sea of glass You
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REV 15 2 pt8v figs-explicit τοὺς νικῶντας ἐκ τοῦ θηρίου, καὶ ἐκ τῆς εἰκόνος αὐτοῦ 1 Those who had been victorious over the beast and over his image You can state explicitly how they were **victorious**. Alternate translation: “who had been victorious over the beast and his image by not worshiping them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
REV 15 2 dbz9 figs-explicit ἐκ τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ 1 over the number representing his name You can state explicitly how they were victorious over **the number**. Alternate translation: “over the number representing his name by not being marked with that number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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||||
REV 15 2 lra7 τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ 1 the number representing his name This refers to **the number** described in [Revelation 13:18](../13/18.md).
|
||||
REV 15 3 l5hu ᾄδουσιν 1 They were singing “those who had been victorious over the beast were singing”
|
||||
REV 15 4 hh87 figs-rquestion τίς οὐ μὴ φοβηθῇ, Κύριε, καὶ δοξάσει τὸ ὄνομά σου, ὅτι μόνος ὅσιος? 1 Who will not fear you, Lord, and glorify your name that alone is holy? This question is used to show their amazement at how great and glorious the Lord is. You can express this as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Lord, everyone will fear you and glorify your name because you are holy!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
REV 15 3 l5hu ᾄδουσιν 1 They were singing Alternate translation: “those who had been victorious over the beast were singing”
|
||||
REV 15 4 hh87 figs-rquestion τίς οὐ μὴ φοβηθῇ, Κύριε, καὶ δοξάσει τὸ ὄνομά σου, ὅτι μόνος ὅσιος? 1 Who will not fear you, Lord, and glorify your name that alone is holy? This question is used to show their amazement at how great and glorious the Lord is. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Lord, everyone will fear you and glorify your name because you are holy!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
REV 15 4 j9gj figs-metonymy δοξάσει τὸ ὄνομά σου 1 glorify your name The phrase **your name** refers to God. Alternate translation: “glorify you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 15 4 ei9k figs-activepassive τὰ δικαιώματά σου ἐφανερώθησαν 1 your righteous deeds have been revealed If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “you have made everyone know about your righteous deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 15 5 v4ye 0 Connecting Statement: The seven angels with the seven plagues come out of the most holy place. They were spoken of previously in [Revelation 15:1](../15/01.md).
|
||||
REV 15 5 da6n μετὰ ταῦτα 1 After these things “after the people finished singing”
|
||||
REV 15 5 da6n μετὰ ταῦτα 1 After these things Alternate translation: “after the people finished singing”
|
||||
REV 15 6 f9gq οἱ ἑπτὰ ἄγγελοι οἱ ἔχοντες τὰς ἑπτὰ πληγὰς 1 the seven angels holding the seven plagues These **seven angels** were seen as **holding** **seven plagues** because in [Revelation 17:7](../17/07.md) they are given seven bowls full of the wrath of God.
|
||||
REV 15 6 nei2 λίθον 1 linen Linen is a fine, expensive cloth made from flax.
|
||||
REV 15 6 w9kw ζώνας χρυσᾶς 1 sashes A sash is a decorative piece of cloth worn on the upper body.
|
||||
|
|
@ -687,12 +672,12 @@ REV 16 2 n7mw figs-metonymy ἐξέχεεν τὴν φιάλην αὐτοῦ 1
|
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REV 16 2 e66u ἕλκος κακὸν καὶ πονηρὸν 1 painful sores These could be infections from diseases or injuries that have not healed.
|
||||
REV 16 2 nux1 τὸ χάραγμα τοῦ θηρίου 1 the mark of the beast The **mark of the beast** was an identifying mark that indicated that the person who received it worshiped the beast. See how you translated this in [Revelation 13:17](../13/17.md).
|
||||
REV 16 3 nc6a figs-metonymy ἐξέχεεν τὴν φιάλην αὐτοῦ 1 poured out his bowl The word **bowl** refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](../16/02.md). Alternate translation: “poured out God’s wrath from his bowl” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 16 3 sx66 figs-synecdoche τὴν θάλασσαν 1 the sea This refers to all the salt water lakes and oceans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||||
REV 16 3 sx66 figs-synecdoche τὴν θάλασσαν 1 the sea Here, **the sea** refers to all the salt water lakes and oceans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||||
REV 16 4 p4ae figs-metonymy ἐξέχεεν τὴν φιάλην αὐτοῦ 1 poured out his bowl The word **bowl** refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](../16/02.md). Alternate translation: “poured out God’s wrath from his bowl” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 16 4 xu1y figs-synecdoche τοὺς ποταμοὺς καὶ τὰς πηγὰς τῶν ὑδάτων 1 the rivers and the springs of water This refers to all bodies of fresh **water**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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REV 16 5 f35a τοῦ ἀγγέλου τῶν ὑδάτων 1 the angel of the waters This could refers to: (1) the third **angel** who was in charge of pouring out God’s wrath on the rivers and springs of water. (2) another **angel** who was in charge of all the waters.
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REV 16 5 e45u figs-you δίκαιος εἶ 1 You are righteous Here, **You** refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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REV 16 5 itg7 ὁ ὢν, καὶ ὁ ἦν 1 the one who is and who was “God who is and who was.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md).
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REV 16 5 itg7 ὁ ὢν, καὶ ὁ ἦν 1 the one who is and who was See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “God who is and who was”
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REV 16 6 b6wa figs-metonymy αἷμα ἁγίων καὶ προφητῶν ἐξέχεαν 1 they poured out the blood of the saints and prophets Here, **poured out the blood** means they killed them. Alternate translation: “they murdered God’s holy people and the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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REV 16 6 jy6a καὶ αἷμα αὐτοῖς ἔδωκας πιεῖν 1 you have given them blood to drink God will make the evil people **drink** the waters that he turned to **blood**.
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REV 16 7 p4c5 figs-metonymy ἤκουσα τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου λέγοντος 1 I heard the altar reply Here, **altar** here refers perhaps to someone at the altar. “I heard someone at the altar reply” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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@ -716,9 +701,9 @@ REV 16 15 u3v8 0 General Information: Verse 15 is a break from the main story
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REV 16 15 l16g figs-explicit (ἰδοὺ, ἔρχομαι ὡς κλέπτης; μακάριος ὁ γρηγορῶν καὶ τηρῶν τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ, ἵνα μὴ γυμνὸς περιπατῇ, καὶ βλέπωσιν τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην αὐτοῦ.) 1 Look! I am coming … his shameful condition This is in parentheses to show that it is not part of the story line in the vision. Rather, this is something that the Lord Jesus said. You can state explicitly that the Lord Jesus said this, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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REV 16 15 lgi6 figs-simile ἔρχομαι ὡς κλέπτης 1 I am coming as a thief Jesus will **come** at a time when people do not expect him, just as **a thief** comes when not expected. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 3:3](../03/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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REV 16 15 an84 figs-metaphor τηρῶν τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ 1 keeping his garments on Living the right way is spoken of as keeping one’s clothes on. Alternate translation: “doing what is right, like keeping his clothes on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 16 15 cia7 τηρῶν τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ 1 keeping his garments on Some versions translate, “keeps his garments with him.”
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REV 16 15 cia7 τηρῶν τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ 1 keeping his garments on Some versions translate this phrase as, “keeps his garments with him.”
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REV 16 15 qwa2 βλέπωσιν τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην αὐτοῦ 1 they might see his shameful condition Here the word **they** refers to other people.
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REV 16 16 m2v7 συνήγαγεν αὐτοὺς 1 They brought them together “the spirits of the demons brought the kings and their armies together”
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REV 16 16 m2v7 συνήγαγεν αὐτοὺς 1 They brought them together Alternate translation: “the spirits of the demons brought the kings and their armies together”
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REV 16 16 cdx1 figs-activepassive τὸν τόπον τὸν καλούμενον 1 the place that is called If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “the place that people call” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 16 16 x6ff translate-names Ἁρμαγεδών 1 Armageddon **Armageddon** is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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REV 16 17 ny8p 0 Connecting Statement: The seventh angel pours out the seventh bowl of God’s wrath.
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@ -729,14 +714,13 @@ REV 16 18 c9fa φωναὶ, καὶ βρονταί 1 rumbles, crashes of thunde
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REV 16 19 q8lg figs-activepassive ἐγένετο ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη εἰς 1 The great city was split If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “the earthquake split the great city into” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 16 19 r2vh figs-activepassive Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη ἐμνήσθη ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Then God called to mind This does not mean that God remembered something he had forgotten. Alternate translation: “then God remembered Babylon the Great” or “then God thought of Babylon the Great” or “then God started to pay attention to Babylon the Great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 16 19 g6s8 writing-symlanguage δοῦναι αὐτῇ τὸ ποτήριον τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς ὀργῆς αὐτοῦ 1 he gave that city the cup filled with the wine made from his furious wrath Here, **the wine** is a symbol of his **wrath**. Making people drink it is a symbol of punishing them. Alternate translation: “he made the people of that city drink the wine that represents his wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
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REV 16 20 eb5w 0 Connecting Statement: This is part of the seventh bowl of God’s wrath.
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REV 16 20 byn4 figs-metonymy ὄρη οὐχ εὑρέθησαν 1 the mountains were no longer found The inability to see any **mountains** is metonymy expressing the idea that no mountains existed any longer. Alternate translation: “there were no longer any mountains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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REV 16 21 i43r translate-bweight ταλαντιαία 1 a talent You may convert the **talent** to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “33 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
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REV 17 intro ysn1 0 # Revelation 17 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins to describe how God will destroy Babylon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Prostitute<br><br>Scripture often pictures idolatrous Jews as adulterous people and sometimes as prostitutes. This is not the reference here. The translator should allow this illustration to be vague. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>### Seven hills<br><br>This possibly refers to the city of Rome, which was known as the city on seven hills. However, the translator should not attempt to identify Rome in the translation.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br><br>John uses many different metaphors in this chapter. He explains some of their meanings, but allows them to remain relatively unclear. The translator should attempt to do the same. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “The beast you saw existed, does not exist now, but is about to come up”<br><br>This and similar phrases in this chapter contrast the beast with Jesus. Jesus is called “the one who is, and who was, and who is to come” elsewhere in the Book of Revelation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. This sentence in 17:11 is a paradox: “the beast … is itself also an eighth king; but it is one of those seven kings.” The translator should not attempt to resolve this paradox. It should remain a mystery. ([Revelation 17:11](../rev/17/11.md))
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REV 17 1 ppd7 0 General Information: John begins to describe the part of his vision about the great prostitute.
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REV 17 1 c6f4 figs-abstractnouns τὸ κρίμα τῆς πόρνης τῆς μεγάλης 1 the condemnation of the great prostitute If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun “judgment”, you can express it with a verb. Alternate translation: “how God will judge the great prostitute” or “how God will condemn the great prostitute”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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REV 17 1 f7ry writing-symlanguage τῆς πόρνης τῆς μεγάλης 1 the great prostitute Here, **the great prostitute** represents a certain sinful city. Alternate translation: “the prostitute that everyone knows about” or “a certain sinful city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
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REV 17 1 crs4 figs-explicit ἐπὶ ὑδάτων πολλῶν 1 on many waters If you need to, you can use a more specific word for the kind of water. Alternate translation: “on many rivers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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REV 17 1 crs4 figs-explicit ἐπὶ ὑδάτων πολλῶν 1 on many waters If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a more specific word for the kind of water. Alternate translation: “on many rivers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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REV 17 2 paa4 writing-symlanguage ἐμεθύσθησαν οἱ κατοικοῦντες τὴν γῆν ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς 1 It is with the wine of her sexual immorality that the earth’s inhabitants became drunk Here to be **drunk from the wine of her sexual immorality** represents fully giving themselves over to doing sexually immoral acts. Alternate translation: “the people of the earth fully engaged in every kind of sexual immorality” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
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REV 17 2 f1yb figs-distinguish τοῦ οἴνου τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς 1 Here, **the wine** represents **sexual immorality**. Alternate translation: “her wine, that is, they were sexually immoral” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
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REV 17 2 ayw3 figs-metaphor τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς 1 her sexual immorality This may well have a double meaning: **sexual immorality** among people and also the worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -745,64 +729,60 @@ REV 17 4 rw19 translate-unknown μαργαρίταις 1 pearls A pearl is a bea
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REV 17 5 az5b figs-activepassive ἐπὶ τὸ μέτωπον αὐτῆς ὄνομα γεγραμμένον 1 On her forehead was written a name If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “someone had written on her forehead a name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 17 5 l75t figs-explicit Βαβυλὼν ἡ Μεγάλη 1 Babylon the great If it needs to be made explicit that the name refers to the woman, it can be put in a new sentence. Alternate translation: “I am Babylon, the powerful one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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REV 17 6 iq7b 0 General Information: The angel begins to explain to John the meaning of the prostitute and the red beast. The angel explains these things through verse 18.
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REV 17 6 iwz1 μεθύουσαν ἐκ τοῦ αἵματος…καὶ ἐκ τοῦ αἵματος 1 was drunk with the blood … and with the blood “was drunk because she had drunk the blood … and had drunk the blood”
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REV 17 6 yqi7 τῶν μαρτύρων Ἰησοῦ 1 the martyrs for Jesus “of the believers who have died because they told others about Jesus”
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REV 17 6 ydi9 ἐθαύμασα 1 I marveled “I was amazed” or “I was surprised”
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REV 17 7 j412 figs-rquestion διὰ τί ἐθαύμασας? 1 Why are you astonished? The angel used this question to gently scold John. Alternate translation: “You should not be astonished!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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REV 17 6 iwz1 μεθύουσαν ἐκ τοῦ αἵματος…καὶ ἐκ τοῦ αἵματος 1 was drunk with the blood … and with the blood Alternate translation: “was drunk because she had drunk the blood … and had drunk the blood”
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REV 17 6 yqi7 τῶν μαρτύρων Ἰησοῦ 1 the martyrs for Jesus Alternate translation: “of the believers who have died because they told others about Jesus”
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REV 17 6 ydi9 ἐθαύμασα 1 I marveled Alternate translation: “I was amazed” or “I was surprised”
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REV 17 7 j412 figs-rquestion διὰ τί ἐθαύμασας? 1 Why are you astonished? The angel used this question to gently scold John. If your readers would misunderstand thuis question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not be astonished!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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REV 17 8 upm7 τῆς Ἀβύσσου 1 the bottomless pit The **abyss** is an extremely deep narrow hole. This could mean: (1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever. (2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
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REV 17 8 usl4 figs-abstractnouns καὶ εἰς ἀπώλειαν ὑπάγει 1 Then it will go on to destruction If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **destruction**, you can express it with a verb. Alternate translation: “and then he will be destroyed” or “and God will destroy him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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REV 17 8 glf1 figs-metaphor εἰς ἀπώλειαν ὑπάγει 1 it will go on to destruction The certainty of what will happen in the future is spoken of as if the beast were going to it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 17 8 r6h4 figs-activepassive ὧν οὐ γέγραπται τὰ ὀνόματα 1 those whose names have not been written If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “those whose names God did not write” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 17 9 p3lb 0 Connecting Statement: The angel continues speaking. Here he explains the meaning of the seven heads of the beast that the woman is riding.
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REV 17 9 p6lr figs-abstractnouns ὧδε ὁ νοῦς ὁ ἔχων σοφίαν 1 Here is the mind that has wisdom If your readers would misunderstand the abstract nouns **mind** and **wisdom**, you can express them with “think” and “wise” or “wisely.” Alternate translation: “You need to think wisely in order to understand this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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REV 17 9 xcyo figs-explicit ὧδε ὁ νοῦς ὁ ἔχων σοφίαν 1 You can state explicitly why a wise mind is needed. Alternate translation: “A wise mind is needed in order to understand this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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REV 17 9 xcyo figs-explicit ὧδε ὁ νοῦς ὁ ἔχων σοφίαν 1 You can state explicitly why a wise **mind** is needed. Alternate translation: “A wise mind is needed in order to understand this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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REV 17 9 nr42 αἱ ἑπτὰ κεφαλαὶ ἑπτὰ ὄρη εἰσίν 1 The seven heads are seven hills Here, **are** means “stand for” or “represent.”
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REV 17 10 yk93 figs-metaphor οἱ πέντε ἔπεσαν 1 Five kings have fallen The angel speaks of dying as falling. Alternate translation: “five kings have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 17 10 d2wx ὁ εἷς ἔστιν 1 one is “one is king now” or “one king is alive now”
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REV 17 10 d2wx ὁ εἷς ἔστιν 1 one is Alternate translation: “one is king now” or “one king is alive now”
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REV 17 10 kw95 figs-metaphor ὁ ἄλλος οὔπω ἦλθεν 1 the other has not yet come; when he comes Not having existed yet is spoken of as not yet having **come**. Alternate translation: “the other has not yet become king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 17 10 v8vx figs-metaphor ὅταν ἔλθῃ, ὀλίγον αὐτὸν δεῖ μεῖναι 1 he can remain only for a little while The angel speaks of someone continuing to be king as if he were remaining in a place. Alternate translation: “he can be king only for a little while” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 17 11 b1ct ἐκ τῶν ἑπτά ἐστιν 1 is one of those seven kings This could mean: (1) the beast rules twice: first as one of the seven kings, and then as the eighth king. (2) the beast belongs to that group of seven kings because he is like them.
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REV 17 11 w7sk figs-metaphor εἰς ἀπώλειαν ὑπάγει 1 it is going to destruction The certainty of what will happen in the future is spoken of as if the beast were **going** to it. Alternate translation: “it will certainly be destroyed” or “God will surely destroy it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 17 12 gq2m 0 Connecting Statement: The angel continues speaking to John. Here he explains the meaning of the ten horns of the beast.
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REV 17 12 gq2m 0 Connecting Statement: The angel explains the meaning of the ten horns of the beast.
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REV 17 12 n2rd translate-unknown μίαν ὥραν 1 for one hour If your language does not divide the day into 24 hours, you may need to use a more general expression. Alternate translation: “for a very short time” or “for a very small part of a day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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REV 17 13 w7jb οὗτοι μίαν γνώμην ἔχουσιν 1 These are of one mind “These all think the same thing” or “These all agree to do the same thing”
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REV 17 13 w7jb οὗτοι μίαν γνώμην ἔχουσιν 1 These are of one mind Alternate translation: “These all think the same thing” or “These all agree to do the same thing”
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REV 17 14 wt9k writing-symlanguage τοῦ Ἀρνίου 1 the Lamb A lamb is a young sheep. Here, **Lamb** is used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
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REV 17 14 abb5 figs-activepassive κλητοὶ, καὶ ἐκλεκτοὶ, καὶ πιστοί 1 the called ones, the chosen ones, and the faithful ones This refers to one group of people. The words **called** and **chosen** can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “the called, chosen, and faithful ones” or “the ones whom God has called and chosen, who are faithful to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 17 15 f5x6 figs-metaphor τὰ ὕδατα ἃ εἶδες, οὗ ἡ πόρνη κάθηται, λαοὶ καὶ ὄχλοι εἰσὶν, καὶ ἔθνη καὶ γλῶσσαι 1 The waters you saw, where the prostitute is seated, are peoples, multitudes, nations, and languages Here, **are** stands for “represent.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 17 15 kq1e figs-explicit τὰ ὕδατα 1 The waters If you need to, you can use a more specific word for the kind of **water**. See how you translated “many waters” in [Revelation 17:1](../17/01.md). Alternate translation: “The rivers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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REV 17 15 kq1e figs-explicit τὰ ὕδατα 1 The waters If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a more specific word for the kind of **water**. See how you translated “many waters” in [Revelation 17:1](../17/01.md). Alternate translation: “The rivers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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REV 17 15 zsh5 ὄχλοι 1 multitudes large groups of people
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REV 17 15 ua3s figs-metonymy γλῶσσαι 1 languages Here, **tongues** refers to people who speak the languages. See how you translated this in [Revelation 10:11](../10/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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REV 17 16 j157 ἠρημωμένην ποιήσουσιν αὐτὴν καὶ γυμνήν 1 make her desolate and naked “they will steal everything that she has and leave her with nothing”
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REV 17 16 j157 ἠρημωμένην ποιήσουσιν αὐτὴν καὶ γυμνήν 1 make her desolate and naked Alternate translation: “they will steal everything that she has and leave her with nothing”
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REV 17 16 f9as figs-metaphor τὰς σάρκας αὐτῆς φάγονται 1 they will devour her flesh Destroying her completely is spoken of as eating all **her flesh**. Alternate translation: “they will destroy her completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 17 17 y8cn ὁ γὰρ Θεὸς ἔδωκεν εἰς τὰς καρδίας αὐτῶν ποιῆσαι τὴν γνώμην αὐτοῦ, καὶ ποιῆσαι μίαν γνώμην, καὶ δοῦναι τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτῶν τῷ θηρίῳ, ἄχρι τελεσθήσονται οἱ λόγοι τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 For God has put it into their hearts to carry out his purpose by agreeing to give … until God’s words are fulfilled They would agree to give their power to the beast, but it would not be that they want to obey God. Alternate translation: “For God has put it into their hearts to agree to give their kingdom to the beast until God’s words are fulfilled, and by doing this, they would carry out God’s purpose”
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REV 17 17 y8cn ὁ γὰρ Θεὸς ἔδωκεν εἰς τὰς καρδίας αὐτῶν ποιῆσαι τὴν γνώμην αὐτοῦ, καὶ ποιῆσαι μίαν γνώμην, καὶ δοῦναι τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτῶν τῷ θηρίῳ, ἄχρι τελεσθήσονται οἱ λόγοι τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 For God has put it into their hearts to carry out his purpose by agreeing to give … until God’s words are fulfilled They would agree to give their power **to the beast**, but it would not be that they want to obey **God**. Alternate translation: “For God has put it into their hearts to agree to give their kingdom to the beast until God’s words are fulfilled, and by doing this, they would carry out God’s purpose”
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REV 17 17 sb1d figs-metonymy ὁ γὰρ Θεὸς ἔδωκεν εἰς τὰς καρδίας αὐτῶν ποιῆσαι 1 God has put it into their hearts Here, **heart** is a metonym for desires. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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REV 17 17 j0ts figs-metaphor ὁ γὰρ Θεὸς ἔδωκεν εἰς τὰς καρδίας αὐτῶν ποιῆσαι 1 Making them want to do something is spoken of as putting it **into their hearts** to do it. Alternate translation: “God has made them want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 17 17 ku6m τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτῶν 1 their kingdom “their authority” or “their kingly authority”
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REV 17 17 ku6m τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτῶν 1 their kingdom Alternate translation: “their authority” or “their kingly authority”
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REV 17 17 el9y figs-activepassive ἄχρι τελεσθήσονται οἱ λόγοι τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 until God’s words are fulfilled If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “until God fulfills what he said will happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 17 18 w2lu 0 Connecting Statement: The angel finishes speaking to John about the prostitute and the beast.
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REV 17 18 md61 figs-metaphor ἔστιν 1 is Here, **is** stands for “represents.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 17 18 uy1m figs-metonymy ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη, ἡ ἔχουσα βασιλείαν 1 the great city that rules When it says that the **city** rules, it means that the leader of the city rules. Alternate translation: “the great city whose leader rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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REV 18 intro j5qc 0 # Revelation 18 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 1-8.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Prophecy<br><br>The angel prophesies about Babylon falling, which here means being destroyed. It is spoken of as having already happened. This is common in prophecy. It emphasizes that the coming judgment will certainly happen. The angel also prophesies that the people will lament over Babylon falling. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br><br>Prophecy frequently uses metaphors. This chapter has a slightly different apocalyptic style than the Book of Revelation overall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 18 1 fl3m figs-personification 0 General Information: The pronouns “she” and “her” refer to the city of Babylon, which is spoken of as if it were a prostitute. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||||
REV 18 1 xxe5 0 Connecting Statement: Another angel comes down from heaven and speaks. This is a different angel than the one in the previous chapter, who spoke about the prostitute and the beast.
|
||||
REV 18 2 a2f5 figs-metaphor ἔπεσεν, Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη 1 Fallen is Babylon the great The angel speaks of **Babylon** having been destroyed as if it had fallen. See how you translated this in [Revelation 14:8](../14/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
REV 18 2<br> fl3m figs-personification Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη 1 General Information: The angel speaks of the city of Babylon as if it were a prostitute. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||||
REV 18 3 l5jq figs-metonymy πάντα τὰ ἔθνη 1 all the nations Here, **the nations** is a metonym for the people of those nations. Alternate translation: “the people of all the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 18 3 kpp1 writing-symlanguage ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς, πέπτωκαν 1 have drunk the wine of her immoral passion Here, drinking **from the wine of her immoral passion** is a symbol for participating in her sexually immoral passion. Alternate translation: “have become sexually immoral like her” or “have become drunk like her in sexual sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
|
||||
REV 18 3 j1at figs-metaphor τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς 1 This may well have a double meaning: literal sexual immorality and also the worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
REV 18 3 kp3p figs-personification μετ’ αὐτῆς ἐπόρνευσαν 1 her immoral passion Babylon is spoken of as if it were a prostitute who has caused other people to sin along **with her**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||||
REV 18 3 ejc5 ἔμποροι 1 merchants A merchant is a person who sells things.
|
||||
REV 18 3 ql37 ἐκ τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ στρήνους αὐτῆς 1 from the power of her sensual way of living “because she spent so much money on sexual immorality”
|
||||
REV 18 4 ze11 figs-personification 0 General Information: The pronouns “she” and “her” refer to the city of Babylon, which is spoken of as if it were a prostitute. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||||
REV 18 4 e7c7 0 Connecting Statement: Another voice from heaven begins to speak.
|
||||
REV 18 3 ql37 ἐκ τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ στρήνους αὐτῆς 1 from the power of her sensual way of living Alternate translation: “because she spent so much money on sexual immorality”
|
||||
REV 18 4 nz77 figs-metonymy ἄλλην φωνὴν 1 another voice Here, **voice** refers to the speaker, which is probably either Jesus or the Father. Alternate translation: “someone else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 18 5 e32w figs-metaphor ἐκολλήθησαν αὐτῆς αἱ ἁμαρτίαι ἄχρι τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 her sins have piled up as high as heaven The voice speaks of Babylon’s **sins** as if they were objects that could form a pile. Alternate translation: “her sins are so many they are like a pile that reaches heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
REV 18 5 u2yu ἐμνημόνευσεν 1 has remembered This does not mean that God remembered something he had forgotten. See how you translated “called to mind” in [Revelation 16:19](../16/19.md). Alternate translation: “has thought of” or “has started to pay attention to”
|
||||
REV 18 5 u2yu ἐμνημόνευσεν 1 has remembered This does not mean that God **remembered** something he had forgotten. See how you translated “called to mind” in [Revelation 16:19](../16/19.md). Alternate translation: “has thought of” or “has started to pay attention to”
|
||||
REV 18 6 ec42 figs-metaphor ἀπόδοτε αὐτῇ ὡς καὶ αὐτὴ ἀπέδωκεν 1 Pay her back as she has paid others back The voice speaks of punishment as if it were repayment. Alternate translation: “Punish her as she has punished others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
REV 18 6 pa62 figs-metaphor διπλώσατε τὰ διπλᾶ 1 repay her double The voice speaks of punishment as if it were repayment. Alternate translation: “punish her twice as much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
REV 18 6 xba5 figs-metaphor ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ ᾧ ἐκέρασεν, κεράσατε αὐτῇ διπλοῦν 1 in the cup she mixed, mix double the amount for her The voice speaks of causing others to suffer as preparing strong wine for them to drink. Alternate translation: “prepare for her the wine of suffering that is twice as strong as what she made for others” or “make her suffer twice as much as she made others suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
REV 18 6 l3n5 κεράσατε…διπλοῦν 1 mix double the amount Here, **mix double** could mean: (1) they should prepare twice the amount. (2) they should make it twice as strong.
|
||||
REV 18 7 i9bm 0 Connecting Statement: The same voice from heaven continues speaking about Babylon as if it were a woman.
|
||||
REV 18 7 we2t ἐδόξασεν αὑτὴν 1 she glorified herself “the people of Babylon glorified themselves”
|
||||
REV 18 7 we2t ἐδόξασεν αὑτὴν 1 she glorified herself Alternate translation: “the people of Babylon glorified themselves”
|
||||
REV 18 7 yt32 figs-metonymy ὅτι ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς λέγει 1 For she says in her heart Here, **heart** is a metonym for a person’s mind or thoughts. Alternate translation: “For she says to herself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 18 7 m3mg figs-simile κάθημαι βασίλισσα 1 I am seated as a queen She claims to be a ruler, having her own authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||||
REV 18 7 dy5k figs-metaphor χήρα οὐκ εἰμί 1 I am not a widow She implies that she will not be dependent on other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -811,39 +791,36 @@ REV 18 8 u6r9 figs-metaphor ἥξουσιν αἱ πληγαὶ αὐτῆς 1 h
|
|||
REV 18 8 vkk2 figs-metaphor ἐν πυρὶ κατακαυθήσεται 1 She will be consumed by fire Being burned up by fire is spoken of as being eaten up **by fire**. Alternate translation: “she will be completely burned up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
REV 18 8 tjd9 figs-activepassive ἐν πυρὶ κατακαυθήσεται 1 If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “fire will completely burn her up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 18 9 lj14 0 General Information: In these verses the word **her** refers to the city of Babylon.
|
||||
REV 18 9 pmz9 0 Connecting Statement: John tells what people say about Babylon.
|
||||
REV 18 9 wk13 μετ’ αὐτῆς πορνεύσαντες καὶ στρηνιάσαντες 1 committed sexual immorality and went out of control with her “sinned sexually and did whatever they wanted just as the people of Babylon did”
|
||||
REV 18 9 wk13 μετ’ αὐτῆς πορνεύσαντες καὶ στρηνιάσαντες 1 committed sexual immorality and went out of control with her Alternate translation: “sinned sexually and did whatever they wanted just as the people of Babylon did”
|
||||
REV 18 10 j3ln figs-abstractnouns διὰ τὸν φόβον τοῦ βασανισμοῦ αὐτῆς 1 because of the fear of her torment If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **torment**, you can express it with a verb. Alternate translation: “because they were afraid that they would be tormented like Babylon” or “because they were afraid that God would torment them as he torments Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
REV 18 10 qn81 οὐαὶ, οὐαί 1 Woe, woe The word **Woe** is repeated for emphasis.
|
||||
REV 18 10 hkd8 figs-metaphor ἦλθεν ἡ κρίσις σου 1 your judgement has come Existing in the present is spoken of as having **come**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
REV 18 11 fe7u πενθοῦσιν ἐπ’ αὐτήν 1 mourn for her “mourn for the people of Babylon”
|
||||
REV 18 12 krs3 λίθου τιμίου, καὶ μαργαριτῶν 1 precious stone, pearls “many kinds of expensive stones.” See how you translated these in [Revelation 17:4](../17/04.md).
|
||||
REV 18 11 fe7u πενθοῦσιν ἐπ’ αὐτήν 1 mourn for her Alternate translation: “mourn for the people of Babylon”
|
||||
REV 18 12 krs3 λίθου τιμίου, καὶ μαργαριτῶν 1 precious stone, pearls See how you translated these in [Revelation 17:4](../17/04.md). Alternate translation: “many kinds of expensive stones”
|
||||
REV 18 12 hnk1 βυσσίνου 1 fine linen The **fine linen** is an expensive cloth made from flax. See how you translated “linen” in [Revelation 15:6](../15/06.md).
|
||||
REV 18 12 xm9u translate-unknown πορφύρας, καὶ σιρικοῦ, καὶ κοκκίνου 1 purple, silk, scarlet Purple cloth is a very dark red cloth that was very expensive at that time. Silk is a soft, strong cloth made from the fine string that silkworms make when they make their cocoons. Scarlet cloth was an expensive red cloth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
REV 18 12 hir4 πᾶν σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον 1 every vessel of ivory “all kinds of containers made of ivory”
|
||||
REV 18 12 hir4 πᾶν σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον 1 every vessel of ivory Alternate translation: “all kinds of containers made of ivory”
|
||||
REV 18 12 yri7 translate-unknown σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον 1 ivory Ivory is a beautiful hard, white material that people get from the tusks or teeth of very large animals such as elephants or walruses. Alternate translation: “container made from tusks” or “container made from valuable animal teeth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
REV 18 12 b8xc translate-unknown μαρμάρου 1 marble Marble is a precious stone that is used for building and to make statues, furniture, and many other things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
REV 18 13 gz3v κιννάμωμον 1 cinnamon Cinnamon is a spice that smells nice and comes from the bark of a certain kind of tree.
|
||||
REV 18 13 z894 ἄμωμον 1 spice Spice is a substance used to add flavor to food or a good smell to oil.
|
||||
REV 18 14 x3kl figs-metaphor ἡ ὀπώρα 1 The fruit The **autumn fruit** refers to fruit that ripens in the fall. Here, it is a metaphor for “result” or “outcome.” Alternate translation: “result” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
REV 18 14 a1aa τῆς ἐπιθυμίας τῆς ψυχῆς 1 the desire of your soul “what you wanted very much”
|
||||
REV 18 14 a1aa τῆς ἐπιθυμίας τῆς ψυχῆς 1 the desire of your soul Alternate translation: “what you wanted very much”
|
||||
REV 18 14 p7f7 figs-metaphor ἀπώλετο ἀπὸ σοῦ, καὶ οὐκέτι οὐ μὴ αὐτὰ εὑρήσουσιν 1 vanished, never to be found again Not to **be found** stands for not existing. Alternate translation: “has vanished, and they will never exist again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
REV 18 14 z9rv figs-activepassive ἀπώλετο ἀπὸ σοῦ, καὶ οὐκέτι οὐ μὴ αὐτὰ εὑρήσουσιν 1 You can state this figure of speech in active form. Alternate translation: “has vanished; you will never have them again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 18 15 n25k 0 General Information: In these verses, The word **her** refers to the city of Babylon.
|
||||
REV 18 14 z9rv figs-activepassive ἀπώλετο ἀπὸ σοῦ, καὶ οὐκέτι οὐ μὴ αὐτὰ εὑρήσουσιν 1 If your readers would misunderstand this figure of speech, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “has vanished; you will never have them again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 18 15 s4iq figs-abstractnouns διὰ τὸν φόβον τοῦ βασανισμοῦ αὐτῆς 1 because of the fear of her torment If your readers would misunderstand the abstract nouns **fear** and **torment**, you can express them as verbs. Alternate translation: “because they will be afraid of God tormenting them they way he torments her” or “because they will be afraid of suffering the way she is suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
REV 18 15 ii7v κλαίοντες καὶ πενθοῦντες 1 weeping and mourning loudly The merchants are the ones who will be **weeping and mourning loudly**. Alternate translation: “and they will weep and mourn loudly”
|
||||
REV 18 15 ii7v κλαίοντες καὶ πενθοῦντες 1 weeping and mourning loudly The merchants are the ones who will be **weeping and mourning loudly**. Alternate translation: “and the merchants will weep and mourn loudly”
|
||||
REV 18 16 i7ip figs-metaphor ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη, ἡ περιβεβλημένη βύσσινον 1 the great city that was dressed in fine linen Throughout this chapter, Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the great city, which was like a woman dressed in fine linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
REV 18 16 qlo3 figs-metonymy ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη, ἡ περιβεβλημένη βύσσινον 1 The merchants speak of Babylon as being dressed in fine linen because its people were dressed in fine linen. Alternate translation: “the great city, whose women were dressed in fine linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 18 16 qlo3 figs-metonymy ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη, ἡ περιβεβλημένη βύσσινον 1 The merchants speak of Babylon as being **dressed in fine linen** because its people were dressed in fine linen. Alternate translation: “the great city, whose women were dressed in fine linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 18 16 nji6 figs-activepassive ἡ περιβεβλημένη βύσσινον 1 that was dressed in fine linen If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “that wore fine linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 18 16 v6q3 figs-activepassive κεχρυσωμένη ἐν χρυσίῳ 1 was adorned with gold If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “adorned herself with gold” or “adorned themselves with gold” or “wore gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 18 16 i5uy λίθῳ τιμίῳ 1 precious jewels “valuable gems” or “treasured gems”
|
||||
REV 18 16 i5uy λίθῳ τιμίῳ 1 precious jewels Alternate translation: “valuable gems” or “treasured gems”
|
||||
REV 18 16 rtm9 translate-unknown μαργαρίτῃ 1 pearls Pearls are beautiful and valuable white beads that are formed inside the shell of a certain kind of small animal that lives in the ocean. See how you translated this in [Revelation 17:4](../17/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
REV 18 17 ap3v figs-metonymy τὴν θάλασσαν ἐργάζονται 1 whose living is made from the sea The phrase **work the sea** refers to what they do on the sea. Alternate translation: “who travel on the sea to make their living” or “who sail on the sea to different places in order to trade things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 18 18 ys97 0 General Information: In these verses the word “they” refers to the sailors and seafarers, and the word “her” refers to the city of Babylon.
|
||||
REV 18 18 v7qe figs-rquestion τίς ὁμοία τῇ πόλει τῇ μεγάλῃ? 1 What city is like the great city? This question shows the people the importance of the **city** of Babylon. Alternate translation: “No other city is like the great city, Babylon!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
REV 18 18 v7qe figs-rquestion τίς ὁμοία τῇ πόλει τῇ μεγάλῃ? 1 What city is like the great city? This question shows the people the importance of the **city** of Babylon. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could translate it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No other city is like the great city, Babylon!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
REV 18 20 ld6c figs-abstractnouns ἔκρινεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸ κρίμα ὑμῶν ἐξ αὐτῆς 1 God has brought your judgment on her If your readers would misunderstand the abstract noun **judgment**, you can express it with the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “God has judged her for you” or “God has judged her because of the bad things she did to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
REV 18 21 b94u 0 Connecting Statement: Another angel begins to speak about Babylon. This is a different angel than the ones who have spoken previously.
|
||||
REV 18 21 el4e μύλινον μέγαν 1 millstone a large round stone used to crush grain
|
||||
REV 18 21 el4e μύλινον μέγαν 1 millstone A **millstone** large round stone used to crush grain.
|
||||
REV 18 21 dlp4 figs-metaphor ὁρμήματι βληθήσεται Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη πόλις, καὶ οὐ μὴ εὑρεθῇ ἔτι 1 Babylon, the great city, will be thrown down with violence and will not be seen anymore To be **thrown down** and **not be seen anymore** speaks of complete destruction of the **city**. Alternate translation: “Babylon will be completely destroyed and will no longer exist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
REV 18 21 kwsy figs-activepassive ὁρμήματι βληθήσεται Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη πόλις, καὶ οὐ μὴ εὑρεθῇ ἔτι 1 If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “God will violently throw down Babylon, the great city, and it will no longer exist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 18 21 kre6 figs-metonymy οὐ μὴ εὑρεθῇ ἔτι 1 will not be seen anymore Not being **seen** here means that it will not exist. Alternate translation: “it will not exist anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -852,7 +829,6 @@ REV 18 22 da3h figs-apostrophe ἐν σοὶ 1 in you The angel speaks as if Bab
|
|||
REV 18 22 c88l figs-metonymy οὐ μὴ ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοὶ ἔτι 1 will not be heard anymore in you Not being **heard** here means that they will not be there. Alternate translation: “they will not be in your city anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 18 22 cu19 figs-metonymy πᾶς τεχνίτης οὐ μὴ εὑρεθῇ ἐν σοὶ 1 No craftsman … will be found in you Not being **found** there means that they will not be there. Alternate translation: “no craftsman of any kind will be in your city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 18 22 c7p2 figs-metonymy φωνὴ μύλου οὐ μὴ ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοὶ ἔτι 1 No sound of a mill will be heard anymore in you The sound of something not being **heard** means that no one will make that sound. Alternate translation: “no one will use a mill in your city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
REV 18 23 pmd2 0 General Information: The words “you,” “your,” and “her” refer to Babylon.
|
||||
REV 18 23 d3yq 0 Connecting Statement: The angel who threw the millstone finishes talking.
|
||||
REV 18 23 d67i figs-activepassive φωνὴ νυμφίου καὶ νύμφης οὐ μὴ ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοὶ ἔτι 1 The voices of the bridegroom and the bride will not be heard in you anymore If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will ever again hear in Babylon the happy voices of a bridegroom and a bride” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 18 23 ja6m figs-metonymy οὐ μὴ ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοὶ ἔτι 1 will not be heard in you anymore Not being **heard** here means that they will not be there. Alternate translation: “will not be in your city anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -872,7 +848,7 @@ REV 19 3 jm9m εἴρηκαν 1 They spoke Here, **they** refers to the crowd o
|
|||
REV 19 3 h1k4 ἁλληλουϊά 1 Hallelujah The word **Hallelujah** means “Praise God” or “Let us praise God.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 19:1](../19/01.md).
|
||||
REV 19 3 zy6e καπνὸς αὐτῆς ἀναβαίνει 1 smoke rises from her The word **her** refers to the city of Babylon, which is spoken of as if it were a prostitute. The **smoke** is from the fire that destroys the city. Alternate translation: “smoke rises from that city”
|
||||
REV 19 4 r43f translate-numbers οἱ πρεσβύτεροι οἱ εἴκοσι τέσσαρες 1 The twenty-four elders See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||||
REV 19 4 y4qd τὰ τέσσερα ζῷα 1 the four living creatures “the four living beings” or “the four living things.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md)
|
||||
REV 19 4 y4qd τὰ τέσσερα ζῷα 1 the four living creatures See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md) Alternate translation: “the four living beings” or “the four living things”
|
||||
REV 19 4 dns7 figs-activepassive τῷ καθημένῳ ἐπὶ τῷ θρόνῳ 1 who was seated on the throne If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “who sat on the throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
REV 19 5 w9qe figs-personification φωνὴ ἀπὸ τοῦ θρόνου ἐξῆλθεν 1 a voice came out from the throne Here John speaks of a **voice** as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “someone spoke from the throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||||
REV 19 5 c3lm figs-exclusive αἰνεῖτε τῷ Θεῷ ἡμῶν 1 Praise our God Here, **our** refers to the speaker and all God’s servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -880,10 +856,10 @@ REV 19 5 cck3 figs-explicit οἱ φοβούμενοι αὐτόν 1 those who f
|
|||
REV 19 5 qdb3 figs-merism οἱ μικροὶ καὶ οἱ μεγάλοι 1 both the small and the great The speaker uses the words **small** and **great** together to include all of God’s people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||||
REV 19 6 kq7n figs-simile καὶ ἤκουσα ὡς φωνὴν ὄχλου πολλοῦ, καὶ ὡς φωνὴν ὑδάτων πολλῶν, καὶ ὡς φωνὴν βροντῶν ἰσχυρῶν 1 Then I heard what sounded like the voice of a great number of people, like the roar of many waters, and like loud crashes of thunder John speaks of what he is hearing as if it were like the sound made by a very large **crowd** of people, a large body of rushing water, and very loud **thunder**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||||
REV 19 6 mdj6 ἁλληλουϊά 1 Hallelujah The word **Hallelujah** means “Praise God” or “Let us praise God.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 19:1](../19/01.md).
|
||||
REV 19 6 e3ua ὅτι…Κύριος 1 For the Lord “Because the Lord”
|
||||
REV 19 6 e3ua ὅτι…Κύριος 1 For the Lord Alternate translation: “Because the Lord”
|
||||
REV 19 7 hi52 0 Connecting Statement: The voice of the crowd from the previous verse continues speaking.
|
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REV 19 7 api6 χαίρωμεν 1 Let us rejoice Here, **us** refers to all of God’s servants.
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REV 19 7 m5av δῶμεν τὴν δόξαν αὐτῷ 1 give him the glory “give God the glory” or “honor God”
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REV 19 7 m5av δῶμεν τὴν δόξαν αὐτῷ 1 give him the glory Alternate translation: “give God the glory” or “honor God”
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REV 19 7 bwf9 figs-metaphor ὁ γάμος τοῦ Ἀρνίου…ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ ἡτοίμασεν ἑαυτήν 1 wedding celebration of the Lamb … his bride has made herself ready Here John speaks of the joining of Jesus and his people together forever as if it were a **wedding celebration** and his people were **his bride**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 19 7 r5xt writing-symlanguage τοῦ Ἀρνίου 1 Lamb A lamb is a young sheep. Here, **the Lamb** used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
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REV 19 7 j6d7 figs-metaphor ἦλθεν 1 has come Existing in the present is spoken of as having **come**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -904,13 +880,13 @@ REV 19 11 lp9a figs-explicit ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ κρίνει καὶ π
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REV 19 12 p9ak figs-simile οἱ…ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτοῦ φλὸξ πυρός 1 His eyes are like a fiery flame John speaks of the rider’s **eyes** as if they shone like a **flame** of fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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REV 19 12 yhr7 figs-activepassive ἔχων ὄνομα γεγραμμένον 1 He has a name written If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “and someone has written a name on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 19 12 kk9x figs-rpronouns ὃ οὐδεὶς οἶδεν, εἰ μὴ αὐτός 1 that no one knows but himself Here, **except himself** means that he is the only one. Alternate translation: “on him, and only he knows the meaning of that name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
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REV 19 13 vny3 figs-activepassive περιβεβλημένος ἱμάτιον βεβαμμένον αἵματι 1 He wears a robe that was dipped in blood You can state this in an active form. Alternate translation: “and blood had covered his robe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 19 13 vny3 figs-activepassive περιβεβλημένος ἱμάτιον βεβαμμένον αἵματι 1 He wears a robe that was dipped in blood If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “and blood had covered his robe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 19 13 hdk1 figs-metonymy κέκληται τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ, ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 his name is called the Word of God Here, **Word of God** is a metonym for Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “his name is called the Message of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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REV 19 13 p7ts figs-activepassive κέκληται τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ, ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “his name is also the Word of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 19 15 m9yn ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ ἐκπορεύεται ῥομφαία ὀξεῖα 1 Out of his mouth goes a sharp sword The **sword** blade was sticking out of **his mouth**. The sword itself was not in motion. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md).
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REV 19 15 a88t πατάξῃ τὰ ἔθνη 1 he might strike the nations “he could destroy the nations” or “he could bring the nations under his control”
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REV 19 15 a88t πατάξῃ τὰ ἔθνη 1 he might strike the nations Alternate translation: “he could destroy the nations” or “he could bring the nations under his control”
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REV 19 15 uq4z figs-metaphor ποιμανεῖ αὐτοὺς ἐν ῥάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ 1 shepherd them with an iron rod John speaks of the rider’s power as if he were ruling with **an iron rod**. See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:5](../12/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 19 15 nb4y figs-metaphor αὐτὸς πατεῖ τὴν ληνὸν τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς ὀργῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ Παντοκράτορος 1 He tramples in the winepress of the fury of the wrath of God Almighty John speaks of the rider’s destroying his enemies as if they were grapes that a person tramples in a winepress. Alternate translation: “he crushes his enemies according to the wrath of God Almighty, just as a person crushes grapes in a winepress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 19 15 nb4y figs-metaphor αὐτὸς πατεῖ τὴν ληνὸν τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς ὀργῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ Παντοκράτορος 1 He tramples in the winepress of the fury of the wrath of God Almighty John speaks of the rider’s destroying his enemies as if they were grapes that a person **tramples** in a **winepress**. Alternate translation: “he crushes his enemies according to the wrath of God Almighty, just as a person crushes grapes in a winepress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 19 15 vhk8 figs-explicit αὐτὸς πατεῖ τὴν ληνὸν τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς ὀργῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ Παντοκράτορος 1 Here, **wrath** refers to God’s punishment of evil persons. Alternate translation: “he crushes his enemies according to the judgment of God Almighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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REV 19 16 a61a figs-activepassive ἔχει ἐπὶ τὸ ἱμάτιον καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν μηρὸν αὐτοῦ, ὄνομα γεγραμμένον 1 He has a name written on his robe and on his thigh: If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “someone has written a name on his robe and thigh:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 19 17 m6dt figs-metonymy εἶδον ἕνα ἄγγελον ἑστῶτα ἐν τῷ ἡλίῳ 1 I saw an angel standing in the sun Here, **the sun** is a metonym for the light of the sun. Alternate translation: “Then I saw an angel standing in the light of the sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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@ -918,7 +894,7 @@ REV 19 18 khs9 figs-merism ἐλευθέρων τε καὶ δούλων, κα
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REV 19 20 q83v figs-activepassive ἐπιάσθη τὸ θηρίον, καὶ μετ’ αὐτοῦ ὁ ψευδοπροφήτης 1 The beast was captured and with him the false prophet If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “the rider on the white horse captured the beast and the false prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 19 20 gs37 τὸ χάραγμα τοῦ θηρίου 1 the mark of the beast The **mark of the beast** was an identifying mark that indicated that the person who received it worshiped the beast. See how you translated this in [Revelation 13:17](../13/17.md).
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REV 19 20 ht8g figs-activepassive ζῶντες ἐβλήθησαν οἱ δύο 1 The two of them were thrown alive If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “God threw the beast and the false prophet alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 19 20 blr1 τὴν λίμνην τοῦ πυρὸς, τῆς καιομένης ἐν θείῳ 1 the fiery lake of burning sulfur “place full of fire that burns with sulfur”
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REV 19 20 blr1 τὴν λίμνην τοῦ πυρὸς, τῆς καιομένης ἐν θείῳ 1 the fiery lake of burning sulfur Alternate translation: “place full of fire that burns with sulfur”
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REV 19 21 h6ea figs-activepassive οἱ λοιποὶ ἀπεκτάνθησαν ἐν τῇ ῥομφαίᾳ τοῦ καθημένου ἐπὶ τοῦ ἵππου, τῇ ἐξελθούσῃ ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ 1 The rest of them were killed by the sword that came out of the mouth of the one who rode on the horse If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “the rider of the horse killed the remainder of the beast’s armies with the sword that extended from his mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 19 21 qk9t τῇ ῥομφαίᾳ…τῇ ἐξελθούσῃ ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ 1 the sword that came out of the mouth The **sword** blade was sticking out of **his mouth**. The sword itself was not in motion. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md).
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REV 20 intro c7eh 0 # Revelation 20 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The thousand-year reign of Christ<br><br>In this chapter, Jesus is said to reign for a thousand years, at the same time that Satan is bound. Scholars are divided over whether this refers to a future period of time or to Jesus reigning now from heaven. It is not necessary to understand this passage in order to translate it accurately. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>### Final rebellion<br><br>This chapter also describes what happens after the thousand years are ended. During this time, Satan and many people will attempt to rebel against Jesus. This will result in God’s ultimate and final victory over sin and evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>### Great white throne<br><br>This chapter ends with God judging all people who ever lived. God separates people who believe in Jesus from those who do not believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Book of Life<br><br>This is a metaphor for eternal life. Those possessing eternal life are said to have their names written in this Book of Life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Hades and the lake of fire<br><br>These appear to be two distinct places. The translator may wish to do further research to determine how to translate these two places differently. They should not be made the same as each other in translation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]])
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@ -932,20 +908,20 @@ REV 20 3 y9xd figs-activepassive δεῖ αὐτὸν λυθῆναι 1 he must
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REV 20 4 lw2r 0 General Information: This is the next part of John’s vision. He describes suddenly seeing thrones and the souls of believers.
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REV 20 4 qzt1 figs-activepassive κρίμα ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς 1 judgment was given to them If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “God had given authority to them to judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 20 4 u3u8 figs-activepassive τῶν πεπελεκισμένων 1 those who had been beheaded If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “whose heads others had cut off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 20 4 tut2 διὰ τὴν μαρτυρίαν Ἰησοῦ, καὶ διὰ τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 for the testimony about Jesus and for the word of God “because they had spoken the truth about Jesus and about the word of God”
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REV 20 4 tut2 διὰ τὴν μαρτυρίαν Ἰησοῦ, καὶ διὰ τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 for the testimony about Jesus and for the word of God Alternate translation: “because they had spoken the truth about Jesus and about the word of God”
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REV 20 4 xz5l figs-metonymy διὰ τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 for the word of God Here, **the word of God** is a metonym for the message from God. Alternate translation: “for what they taught about the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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REV 20 4 cc1v ἔζησαν 1 They came to life “they came back to life” or “they became alive again”
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REV 20 5 cw4j οἱ λοιποὶ τῶν νεκρῶν 1 The rest of the dead “All of the other dead people”
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REV 20 5 e1pm translate-numbers τελεσθῇ τὰ χίλια ἔτη 1 the thousand years were ended “the end of the thousand years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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REV 20 4 cc1v ἔζησαν 1 They came to life Alternate translation: “they came back to life” or “they became alive again”
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REV 20 5 cw4j οἱ λοιποὶ τῶν νεκρῶν 1 The rest of the dead Alternate translation: “All of the other dead people”
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REV 20 5 e1pm translate-numbers τελεσθῇ τὰ χίλια ἔτη 1 the thousand years were ended Alternate translation: “the end of the thousand years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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REV 20 6 f3gz figs-personification ἐπὶ τούτων ὁ δεύτερος θάνατος οὐκ ἔχει ἐξουσίαν 1 Over these the second death has no power Here John describes **the second death** as a person with power. Alternate translation: “These people will not experience the second death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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REV 20 6 v4z3 writing-symlanguage ὁ δεύτερος θάνατος 1 the second death The **second death** is described as eternal punishment in the lake of fire in [Revelation 20:14](../20/14.md) and [Revelation 21:8](../21/08.md). See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “the final death in the lake of fire” or “dying a second time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
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REV 20 7 y1vw figs-activepassive λυθήσεται ὁ Σατανᾶς ἐκ τῆς φυλακῆς αὐτοῦ 1 Satan will be released from his prison If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “God will release Satan from his prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 20 8 g429 figs-simile ὧν ὁ ἀριθμὸς αὐτῶν ὡς ἡ ἄμμος τῆς θαλάσσης 1 The number of them will be like the sand of the sea The comparison to **the sand of the sea** emphasizes the extremely large **number** of soldiers in Satan’s army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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REV 20 9 jlc6 ἀνέβησαν 1 They went up “Satan’s army went up”
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REV 20 9 jlc6 ἀνέβησαν 1 They went up Alternate translation: “Satan’s army went up”
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REV 20 9 f4t7 τὴν πόλιν τὴν ἠγαπημένην 1 the beloved city Here, **the beloved city** refers to Jerusalem.
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REV 20 9 jhq8 figs-personification κατέβη πῦρ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ κατέφαγεν αὐτούς 1 fire came down from heaven and devoured them Here John speaks of **fire** as if it were alive. Alternate translation: “God sent fire from heaven to burn them up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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REV 20 10 pif3 figs-activepassive ὁ διάβολος, ὁ πλανῶν αὐτοὺς, ἐβλήθη εἰς 1 The devil, who deceived them, was thrown into If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “God threw the devil, who had deceived them, into” or “God’s angel threw the devil, who had deceived them, into” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 20 10 rjv1 τὴν λίμνην τοῦ πυρὸς καὶ θείου 1 the lake of fire and sulfur “the lake of fire that burns with sulfur” or “place full of fire that burns with sulfur.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 19:20](../19/20.md).
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REV 20 10 rjv1 τὴν λίμνην τοῦ πυρὸς καὶ θείου 1 the lake of fire and sulfur See how you translated this in [Revelation 19:20](../19/20.md). Alternate translation: “the lake of fire that burns with sulfur” or “place full of fire that burns with sulfur”
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REV 20 10 t5h2 figs-activepassive βασανισθήσονται 1 They will be tormented If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “God will torment them” or “the fire will torment them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 20 11 n8h9 0 General Information: This is the next part of John’s vision. He describes suddenly seeing a great white throne and the dead being judged.
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REV 20 11 pm1z figs-personification οὗ ἀπὸ τοῦ προσώπου ἔφυγεν ἡ γῆ καὶ ὁ οὐρανός 1 The earth and the heaven fled away from his presence, but there was no place for them to go John describes **the earth and the heaven** as if they were people who were trying to escape God’s judgment. This means that God completely destroyed the old heaven and earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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@ -975,24 +951,24 @@ REV 21 6 li7s figs-metaphor τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ 1 the alpha and th
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REV 21 6 bf1p ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος 1 the beginning and the end This could refer to: (1) the one who began all things and the one who will cause all things to end. (2) the one who existed before all things and who will exist after all things.
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REV 21 6 wk2c figs-metaphor τῷ διψῶντι δώσω ἐκ τῆς πηγῆς τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς δωρεάν 1 To the one who thirsts … water of life God speaks of a person’s desire for eternal life as if it were thirst and of that person receiving eternal life as if he were drinking life-giving **water**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 21 7 vms6 0 Connecting Statement: The one seated on the throne continues to speak to John.
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REV 21 8 hma7 τοῖς…δειλοῖς 1 the cowards “those who are too afraid to do what is right”
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REV 21 8 k8yp ἐβδελυγμένοις 1 the detestable “those who do terrible things”
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REV 21 8 zu27 τῇ λίμνῃ τῇ καιομένῃ πυρὶ καὶ θείῳ 1 the fiery lake of burning sulfur “the lake of fire that burns with sulfur” or “place full of fire that burns with sulfur.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 19:20](../19/20.md).
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REV 21 8 hma7 τοῖς…δειλοῖς 1 the cowards Alternate translation: “those who are too afraid to do what is right”
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REV 21 8 k8yp ἐβδελυγμένοις 1 the detestable Alternate translation: “those who do terrible things”
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REV 21 8 zu27 τῇ λίμνῃ τῇ καιομένῃ πυρὶ καὶ θείῳ 1 the fiery lake of burning sulfur See how you translated this in [Revelation 19:20](../19/20.md). Alternate translation: “the lake of fire that burns with sulfur” or “place full of fire that burns with sulfur”
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REV 21 8 k1hl writing-symlanguage ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος 1 the second death The **second death** is described as eternal punishment in the lake of fire in [Revelation 20:14](../20/14.md) and [Revelation 21:8](../21/08.md). See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “the final death in the lake of fire” or “dying a second time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
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REV 21 9 cf2m figs-metaphor τὴν νύμφην, τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ Ἀρνίου 1 the bride, the wife of the Lamb The angel speaks of Jerusalem as if it were a woman who is about to marry her groom, **the Lamb**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 21 9 fq8f figs-metonymy τὴν νύμφην, τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ Ἀρνίου 1 Jerusalem is metonymy for those who believers who will inhabit it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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REV 21 9 cf2m figs-metaphor τὴν νύμφην, τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ Ἀρνίου 1 the bride, the wife of the Lamb The angel speaks of Jerusalem as if it were a **bride** who is about to marry her groom, **the Lamb**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 21 9 bil2 writing-symlanguage τοῦ Ἀρνίου 1 the Lamb A **lamb** is a young sheep. Here, **Lamb** is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
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REV 21 10 czp2 writing-background ἀπήνεγκέν με ἐν Πνεύματι 1 carried me away in the Spirit The setting changes as **the Spirit** takes John to a high mountain where he can see the city of Jerusalem. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 17:3](../17/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
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REV 21 10 fq8f figs-metonymy Ἰερουσαλὴμ 1 Jerusalem is a metonymy for those believers who will inhabit it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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REV 21 11 g44j ἔχουσαν 1 It had This refers to the “Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven” that he described in the previous verse and not to the physical Jerusalem.
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REV 21 11 xvg6 figs-parallelism ὁ φωστὴρ αὐτῆς ὅμοιος λίθῳ τιμιωτάτῳ, ὡς λίθῳ ἰάσπιδι κρυσταλλίζοντι 1 like a very precious jewel, like a stone of crystal-clear jasper These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the **brilliance** of Jerusalem by naming a specific jewel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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REV 21 11 n51z κρυσταλλίζοντι 1 crystal-clear “extremely clear”
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REV 21 11 n51z κρυσταλλίζοντι 1 crystal-clear Alternate translation: “extremely clear”
|
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REV 21 11 vvq1 translate-unknown ἰάσπιδι 1 jasper Jasper is a valuable stone. This **jasper** may have been clear like glass or crystal. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:3](../04/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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REV 21 12 qgh3 figs-activepassive ἐπιγεγραμμένα 1 were written If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “someone had written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 21 14 mm12 τοῦ Ἀρνίου 1 the Lamb Here, **the Lamb** refers to Jesus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md).
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REV 21 16 fs8z translate-bdistance σταδίων δώδεκα χιλιάδων 1 twelve thousand stadia You may convert this to modern measures. Alternate translation: “2,200 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
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REV 21 17 eut1 translate-bdistance ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τεσσάρων πηχῶν 1 144 cubits You may convert this to modern measures. Alternate translation: “66 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
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REV 21 18 n3hu figs-simile χρυσίον καθαρὸν, ὅμοιον ὑάλῳ καθαρῷ 1 pure gold, like clear glass The gold was so clear that it is spoken of as if it were glass. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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REV 21 18 h239 translate-unknown ἴασπις 1 jasper This is a valuable stone. Jasper may have been clear like glass or crystal. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:3](../04/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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REV 21 16 fs8z translate-bdistance σταδίων δώδεκα χιλιάδων 1 twelve thousand stadia You may convert **12,000 stadia** to modern measures. Alternate translation: “2,200 kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
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REV 21 17 eut1 translate-bdistance ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τεσσάρων πηχῶν 1 144 cubits You may convert **144 cubits** to modern measures. Alternate translation: “66 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
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REV 21 18 n3hu figs-simile χρυσίον καθαρὸν, ὅμοιον ὑάλῳ καθαρῷ 1 pure gold, like clear glass The **gold** was so **clear** that it is spoken of as if it were **glass**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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REV 21 18 h239 translate-unknown ἴασπις 1 jasper Jasper is a valuable stone. It may have been clear like glass or crystal. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:3](../04/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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REV 21 19 ick5 figs-activepassive οἱ θεμέλιοι τοῦ τείχους τῆς πόλεως…κεκοσμημένοι 1 The foundations of the wall were adorned If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone adorned the foundations of the city wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 21 19 ke4b translate-unknown ἴασπις…σάπφειρος…χαλκηδών…σμάραγδος 1 jasper … sapphire … agate … emerald These are valuable stones. Jasper may have been clear like glass or crystal. See how you translated it in [Revelation 4:3](../04/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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REV 21 20 a2tm translate-unknown σαρδόνυξ…σάρδιον…χρυσόλιθος…βήρυλλος…τοπάζιον…χρυσόπρασος…ὑάκινθος…ἀμέθυστος 1 onyx … chrysolite … beryl … topaz … chrysoprase … jacinth … amethyst These are all precious gems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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@ -1004,20 +980,20 @@ REV 21 23 v2m9 figs-metaphor ὁ λύχνος αὐτῆς τὸ Ἀρνίον 1
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REV 21 24 j3lk figs-metonymy περιπατήσουσιν τὰ ἔθνη 1 The nations will walk Here, **the nations** are a metonym for the people who live in the nations. Alternate translation: “the people from all the different nations will walk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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REV 21 24 ma5n figs-metaphor περιπατήσουσιν τὰ ἔθνη 1 Here, **walk** here is a metaphor for “live.” Alternate translation: “the people from all the different nations will live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 21 25 lq1z figs-activepassive οἱ πυλῶνες αὐτῆς οὐ μὴ κλεισθῶσιν 1 Its gates will not be shut If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will ever shut the gates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 21 26 ps25 οἴσουσιν 1 They will bring “the kings of the earth will bring”
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REV 21 27 n3nh figs-doublenegatives οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθῃ εἰς αὐτὴν πᾶν κοινὸν, καὶ ὁ 1 nothing unclean will ever enter into it, nor anyone You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “only what is clean will ever enter, and never anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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REV 21 26 ps25 οἴσουσιν 1 They will bring Alternate translation: “the kings of the earth will bring”
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REV 21 27 n3nh figs-doublenegatives οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθῃ εἰς αὐτὴν πᾶν κοινὸν, καὶ ὁ 1 nothing unclean will ever enter into it, nor anyone If your readers would misunderstand this double negative, you can state it in positive form. Alternate translation: “only what is clean will ever enter, and never anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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REV 21 27 g7fr figs-activepassive εἰ μὴ οἱ γεγραμμένοι ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ Ἀρνίου 1 but only those whose names are written in the Lamb’s Book of Life If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “but only those whose names the Lamb wrote in his book of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 21 27 cw99 writing-symlanguage τοῦ Ἀρνίου 1 the Lamb A lamb is a young sheep. Here, **the Lamb** is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
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REV 22 intro e1ya 0 # Revelation 22 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter emphasizes that Jesus is coming soon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Tree of life<br><br>There is probably an intended connection between the tree of life in the Garden of Eden and the tree of life mentioned in this chapter. The curse that began in Eden will end at this time.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Alpha and omega<br><br>These are the names of the first and last letters in the Greek alphabet. The ULT spells out their names in English. This strategy can serve as a model for translators. Some translators, however, may decide to use the first and last letters in their own alphabet. This would be “A and Z” in English.
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REV 22 1 b1ad 0 Connecting Statement: John continues to describe the new Jerusalem as the angel shows it to him.
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REV 22 1 uu7b ἔδειξέν μοι 1 showed me Here, **me** refers to John.
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REV 22 1 vl23 ποταμὸν ὕδατος ζωῆς 1 the river of the water of life “the river flowing with life-giving water”
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REV 22 1 vl23 ποταμὸν ὕδατος ζωῆς 1 the river of the water of life Alternate translation: “the river flowing with life-giving water”
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REV 22 1 yn2p figs-metaphor ποταμὸν ὕδατος ζωῆς 1 the water of life Eternal **life** is spoken of as if it were provided by life-giving **water**. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 22 1 mxp4 writing-symlanguage τοῦ Ἀρνίου 1 the Lamb A lamb is a young sheep. Here, **the Lamb** is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
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REV 22 2 l2aq figs-metonymy τῶν ἐθνῶν 1 the nations Here, **the nations** refers to the people who live in every nation. Alternate translation: “the people of all nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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REV 22 3 d5fq πᾶν κατάθεμα οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι 1 There will no longer be any curse This could mean: (1) there will never be anyone there that God will **curse**. (2) there will not be anyone there who is under God’s **curse**.
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REV 22 3 by36 οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ λατρεύσουσιν αὐτῷ 1 his servants will serve him Here, **his** and **him** could refer to: (1) God the Father. (2) both God and the Lamb, who rule together as one.
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REV 22 4 zy4x figs-idiom ὄψονται τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ 1 They will see his face This is an idiom, meaning to be in God’s presence. Alternate translation: “they will be in God’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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REV 22 4 zy4x figs-idiom ὄψονται τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ 1 They will see his face Here, **see his face** is an idiom that refers to being in God’s presence. Alternate translation: “they will be in God’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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REV 22 6 j51i figs-explicit 0 General Information: This is the beginning of the end of John’s vision. In verse 6 the angel is speaking to John. In verse 7, Jesus is speaking. This can be stated explicitly as is in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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REV 22 6 xaw8 figs-metonymy οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι πιστοὶ καὶ ἀληθινοί 1 These words are trustworthy and true Here, **words** refers to the message that they formed. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:5](../21/05.md). Alternate translation: “This message is trustworthy and true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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REV 22 6 cr31 figs-metonymy ὁ Θεὸς τῶν πνευμάτων τῶν προφητῶν 1 the God of the spirits of the prophets Here, **spirits** refers to: (1) the inward disposition of the **prophets** and indicates that God inspires them. Alternate translation: “God who inspires the prophets” (2) the Holy Spirit who inspires the **prophets**. Alternate translation: “God who gives his Spirit to the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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@ -1034,7 +1010,6 @@ REV 22 13 uup6 figs-merism τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ, ὁ πρῶτος
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REV 22 13 c9e8 figs-metaphor τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ 1 This could refer to: (1) the one who began all things and who ends all things. (2) the one who has always lived and who always will live. If your readers would misunderstand this, you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 22 13 cpl9 figs-metaphor ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος 1 the first and the last This refers to the eternal nature of Jesus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 22 13 nnm2 figs-metaphor ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος 1 the beginning and the end This could refer to: (1) the one who began all things and the one who will cause all things to end. (2) the one who existed before all things and who will exist after all things. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 22 14 r16s 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues giving his closing greeting.
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REV 22 14 i54w figs-metaphor οἱ πλύνοντες τὰς στολὰς αὐτῶν 1 those who wash their robes Becoming righteous is spoken of as if it were washing one’s clothing. See how you translated as similar phrase in [Revelation 7:14](../07/14.md). Alternate translation: “those who have become righteous, as if they have washed their robes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 22 15 aw1h ἔξω 1 Outside This means they are outside the city and not allowed to enter.
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REV 22 15 tkd7 figs-explicit οἱ κύνες 1 are the dogs In that culture, **dogs** were considered to be unclean, despised animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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@ -1044,7 +1019,7 @@ REV 22 16 t2v9 figs-doublet ἡ ῥίζα καὶ τὸ γένος Δαυείδ
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REV 22 16 afw1 figs-metaphor ἡ ῥίζα καὶ τὸ γένος Δαυείδ 1 Jesus speaks of being a **descendant** as if he were a **root** that grew out of David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 22 16 g9uj figs-metaphor ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρός, ὁ πρωϊνός 1 the bright morning star Jesus speaks of himself as if he were the **bright** **star** that sometimes appears early in the **morning** and indicates that a new day is about to begin. See how you translated “morning star” in [Revelation 2:28](../02/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 22 17 gig5 0 Connecting Statement: This verse is a response to what Jesus said.
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REV 22 17 lt8j figs-metaphor ἡ νύμφη 1 the Bride Believers are spoken of as if they were a bride about to be married to her groom, Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 22 17 lt8j figs-metaphor ἡ νύμφη 1 the Bride Believers are spoken of as if they were a **Bride** about to be married to her groom, Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 22 17 m9at figs-explicit ἔρχου 1 Come! Here, **Come** could mean: (1) this is an invitation for people to come and drink the water of life. Alternate translation: “Come and drink!” (2) this is a polite request for Jesus to return. Alternate translation: “Please come!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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REV 22 17 e2m5 figs-metaphor ὁ διψῶν ἐρχέσθω; ὁ θέλων λαβέτω ὕδωρ ζωῆς δωρεάν 1 the one who is thirsty … the water of life A person’s desire for eternal **life** is spoken of as if it were thirst and of that person receiving eternal life as if he were drinking life-giving **water**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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REV 22 17 dwb6 figs-metaphor ὕδωρ ζωῆς 1 the water of life Eternal **life** is spoken of as if it were provided by life-giving **water**. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -1055,5 +1030,4 @@ REV 22 18 jzu8 ἐάν τις ἐπιθῇ ἐπ’ αὐτά, ἐπιθήσε
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REV 22 18 d4sc figs-activepassive τὰς γεγραμμένας ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τούτῳ 1 that are written about in this book If your readers would misunderstand this passive phrase, you can state it in active form. Alternate translation: “which I have written about in this book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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REV 22 19 ss3y ἐάν τις ἀφέλῃ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων τοῦ βιβλίου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης, ἀφελεῖ ὁ Θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου τῆς ζωῆς καὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τῆς ἁγίας, τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τούτῳ 1 If anyone takes away … God will take away This is a strong warning to not change anything about this prophecy.
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REV 22 20 u6mb 0 General Information: In these verses John gives his and Jesus’ closing greetings.
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REV 22 20 y9p2 ὁ μαρτυρῶν 1 The one who testifies “Jesus, who testifies”
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REV 22 21 xr3d μετὰ τῶν ἁγίων 1 with the saints “with every one of you”
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REV 22 20 y9p2 ὁ μαρτυρῶν 1 The one who testifies Alternate translation: “Jesus, who testifies”
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Reference in New Issue