Edit 'en_tn_59-HEB.tsv' using 'tc-create-app'

en_tn_59-HEB.tsv

@@ -980,7 +980,7 @@ HEB	8	10	q78u	figs-idiom	μετὰ τὰς ἡμέρας ἐκείνας	1	after
 HEB	8	10	du3y	figs-123person	λέγει Κύριος	1	after those days	Here, just as in [8:8–9](../08/08.md), the author has God speaking about himself in the third person. He uses this form because the quotation uses the third person to speak about God, and the author claims that God speaks the quotation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that God is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “I the Lord say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 HEB	8	10	axqs	figs-parallelism	διδοὺς νόμους μου εἰς τὴν διάνοιαν αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐπὶ καρδίας αὐτῶν ἐπιγράψω αὐτούς	1	after those days	Here the quotation includes two statements that mean almost the same thing. One statement uses “putting” and **mind** language, and the other uses “writing” and **heart** language. This was considered good poetry in the author’s culture. If your readers would misunderstand the parallelism, and if this would not be good poetry in your culture, you could combine the two statements. Alternate translation: “writing my laws on their hearts” or “putting my laws inside them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 HEB	8	10	gbw3	figs-metaphor	διδοὺς νόμους μου εἰς τὴν διάνοιαν αὐτῶν	1	I will put my laws into their minds	Here God speaks as if his **laws** were objects that could be placed somewhere, in this case the **mind** pictured as a place. By speaking in this way, God means that he will make his **laws** part of how people naturally think and act instead of something that they must learn and then struggle to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable metaphor, or you could express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “helping them fully understand my laws” or “making my laws part of how they think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	8	10	fhi5	grammar-collectivenouns	τὴν διάνοιαν αὐτῶν	1	I will put my laws into their minds	Here, **mind** is a singular noun that refers to the “minds” of all God’s people. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you can use a different expression. Alternate translation: “their minds” or “each of their minds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
+HEB	8	10	fhi5	grammar-collectivenouns	τὴν διάνοιαν αὐτῶν	1	I will put my laws into their minds	Here, the word **mind** is a singular noun that refers to the “minds” of all God’s people. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you can use a different expression. Alternate translation: “their minds” or “each of their minds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
 HEB	8	10	ojsy	figs-metaphor	ἐπὶ καρδίας αὐτῶν ἐπιγράψω αὐτούς	1		Here God speaks as if his **laws** were words that he could **write** on something, in this case the people’s hearts. By speaking in this way, God means that he will make keeping his **laws** something that people naturally desire to do instead of something that they must struggle to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable metaphor or express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “I will help them desire to keep them” or “I will make my laws part of who they are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	8	10	e45g	figs-metonymy	ἐπὶ καρδίας αὐτῶν	1	I will also write them on their hearts	In the author’s culture, **hearts** are the places where humans think and plan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the place where humans think in your culture or express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “on their desires” or “on how people think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	8	10	hs53	figs-idiom	ἔσομαι αὐτοῖς εἰς Θεόν, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἔσονταί μοι εἰς λαόν	1	I will be their God	Here God uses two clauses that refer to relationships between people or groups. He does not mean that he is not actually God and they are not actually his people. Instead, he means that they will act towards each other as God and his people do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in a clearer way. Alternate translation: “I will act as their God, and they will act as my people” or “I will be their God, and they will be my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -1028,7 +1028,7 @@ HEB	9	4	zf2k	translate-unknown	χρυσοῦν…θυμιατήριον	1	Inside
 HEB	9	4	qsa7	translate-unknown	τὴν κιβωτὸν τῆς διαθήκης, περικεκαλυμμένην πάντοθεν χρυσίῳ	1	Inside it	The **ark of the covenant** was a box or chest where God was specially present in the tabernacle. This chest was coated in **gold** and symbolized God’s **covenant** with Israel. You can read about the design of the **ark of the covenant** in [Exodus 25:10–22](../exo/25/10.md). Use a phrase that refers to a chest or box that has special meaning and importance. Alternate translation: “the special covenantal box that was covered completely all around with gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
 HEB	9	4	zopy	figs-activepassive	περικεκαλυμμένην πάντοθεν χρυσίῳ	1	Inside it	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The author uses the passive form here to focus on the **ark**, which was **covered**, rather than focusing on the person doing the “covering.” If you must state who did the action, you could use a vague or indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “which someone covered completely all around with gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	9	4	w3ef	figs-doublet	περικεκαλυμμένην πάντοθεν	1	Inside it	Here, the words **completely** and **all around** mean almost the same thing. The author uses these words to emphasize that every part of the **ark** was covered **with gold**. If you do not have two words that express this particular meaning, and if the repetition would be confusing, you could use one word or phrase here. Alternate translation: “having been covered completely” or “having been covered on every side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-HEB	9	4	kt3u	writing-pronouns	ἐν ᾗ	1	Inside it	Here, **which** refers to the **ark**, not the “tent.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could make explicit what **which** refers to. Alternate translation: “in which ark was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
+HEB	9	4	kt3u	writing-pronouns	ἐν ᾗ	1	Inside it	Here, the word **which** refers to the **ark**, not the “tent.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could make explicit what **which** refers to. Alternate translation: “in which ark was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 HEB	9	4	md1f	figs-explicit	στάμνος χρυσῆ ἔχουσα τὸ μάννα	1	that budded	Here the author refers to **manna**, which is the food that God miraculously provided for his people while they traveled through the wilderness. God told Moses to keep some **manna** as a reminder of how he provided for them. You can read about Moses and Aaron putting a **jar** of **manna** in the **ark** in [Exodus 16:32–34](../exo/16/32.md). It is not clear what kind of **jar** this is, so use a general word if possible. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “a golden vessel containing the manna that God provided for his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 HEB	9	4	jj9y	figs-explicit	ἡ ῥάβδος Ἀαρὼν ἡ βλαστήσασα	1	Aaron’s rod that budded	Here the author refers to a story about how some people wanted to be priests instead of **Aaron**. God had the leaders of each of the twelve tribes put a **rod** or walking stick in his presence. God made the **rod of Aaron** “bud” as proof that God had chosen him to be priest. You can read the story about **the rod of Aaron** in [Numbers 17:1–11](../num/17/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Aaron’s staff that budded, which proved that God had chosen him as priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 HEB	9	4	zh6d	translate-names	Ἀαρὼν	1	Aaron’s rod that budded	The word **Aaron** is the name of a man. He was the first person whom God chose to a be a high priest for his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 
@@ -1039,9 +1039,9 @@ HEB	9	5	vxqn	translate-transliterate	Χερουβεὶν	1	glorious cherubim ove
 HEB	9	5	jfup	figs-possession	Χερουβεὶν δόξης	1	glorious cherubim overshadowed the atonement lid	Here the author uses the possessive form to show that the **cherubim** are characterized by **glory**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in a more natural way. Alternate translation: “cherubim that are glorious” or “cherubim full of glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
 HEB	9	5	ixtq	figs-abstractnouns	Χερουβεὶν δόξης	1	glorious cherubim overshadowed the atonement lid	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind **glory**, you could express the idea by using an adjective such as “glorious” or “great.” Alternate translation: “very great cherubim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 HEB	9	5	fh6g	figs-idiom	περὶ ὧν οὐκ ἔστιν νῦν λέγειν κατὰ μέρος	1	cherubim	Here the author uses a standard form in his language to indicate that he is not going to speak in detail about each of the objects and structures he has mentioned. The phrase **according to each part** refers to the details about each thing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form in your language that indicates that a speaker is not going to deal with the details of a certain subject. Alternate translation: “about which things I will not go into detail here” or “which things I will not at the moment cover in their specifics” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-HEB	9	5	qw39	writing-pronouns	ὧν	1	cherubim	Here, **which {things}** refers to everything about the “tabernacle” that the author has described in [9:2–5](../09/02.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make explicit what **which {things}** refers to. Alternate translation: “all of which” or “about which things concerning the tabernacle and its furnishings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
+HEB	9	5	qw39	writing-pronouns	ὧν	1	cherubim	Here, the phrase **which {things}** refers to everything about the “tabernacle” that the author has described in [9:2–5](../09/02.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make explicit what **which {things}** refers to. Alternate translation: “all of which” or “about which things concerning the tabernacle and its furnishings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 HEB	9	6	mra7	figs-activepassive	τούτων…οὕτως κατεσκευασμένων	1	After these things were prepared	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The author uses the passive form here to focus on the **things** that are **prepared** rather than focusing on the people doing the “preparing.” If you must state who did the action, you could use a vague or indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “when people had thus prepared these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-HEB	9	6	zinf	writing-pronouns	τούτων…οὕτως κατεσκευασμένων	1	After these things were prepared	Here, **these things** refers to all the objects and structures the author has mentioned in [9:1–5](../09/01.md). The word **thus** refers to what the author has said about how these objects and structures were created and arranged. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make what these words refer to more explicit. Alternate translation: “when what I have described had been prepared as I have described it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
+HEB	9	6	zinf	writing-pronouns	τούτων…οὕτως κατεσκευασμένων	1	After these things were prepared	Here, the phrase **these things** refers to all the objects and structures the author has mentioned in [9:1–5](../09/01.md). The word **thus** refers to what the author has said about how these objects and structures were created and arranged. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make what these words refer to more explicit. Alternate translation: “when what I have described had been prepared as I have described it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 HEB	9	6	mrj4	figs-idiom	διὰ παντὸς	1	After these things were prepared	Here, the word **always** indicates that the **priests** consistently would **enter**, usually twice a day. It does not mean that some was **always** entering at every moment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea with a form that refers to something that happens frequently and consistently. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “very frequently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 HEB	9	6	crlt	figs-go	εἰς…εἰσίασιν	1	After these things were prepared	Here, the phrase **enter into** refers to movement from outside a structure into a structure. Use a word or phrase that identifies this kind of movement in your language. Alternate translation: “move into” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
 HEB	9	6	vh9r	figs-explicit	τὴν πρώτην σκηνὴν	1	After these things were prepared	Here, the phrase **first tabernacle** refers to the **first** or outer section of the **tabernacle**. See how you translated the similar phrase in [9:2](../09/02.md). Alternate translation: “the outer room of the tabernacle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -1068,7 +1068,7 @@ HEB	9	9	ojuy	writing-pronouns	ἥτις	1	This was an illustration	Here, the wor
 HEB	9	9	cu76	translate-unknown	ἥτις παραβολὴ	1	This was an illustration	Here, the word **parable** refers to a figure of speech in which one thing represents another thing. Here the first tabernacle (or the earthly tabernacle as a whole) figuratively represents **the present time**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to a figure of speech. Alternate translation: “which represents” or “which figuratively stands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
 HEB	9	9	fl6i	figs-explicit	εἰς τὸν καιρὸν τὸν ἐνεστηκότα	1	for the present time	Here, the phrase **the present time** could refer to: (1) the period during which the earthly tabernacle functioned as God’s sanctuary on earth. In this case, the **parable** represents **the present time** Alternate translation: “for the time during which it functioned” or “for their time” (2) the period between Jesus’ first and second comings. In this case, the **parable** represents the period up to **the present time**. Alternate translation: “for the time up to the present” or “for the period of time until Jesus came” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 HEB	9	9	eqhz	writing-pronouns	καθ’ ἣν	1	for the present time	Here, the word **which** could refer to: (1) the **parable**. In this case, the way that the **gifts and sacrifices** cannot **perfect the worshiper** is part of the **parable**. Alternate translation: “according to which parable” (2) the “first tabernacle” in [9:8](../09/08.md). In this case, the **gifts and sacrifices** are offered in a way that matches the nature of the “first tabernacle.” Alternate translation: “according to which tabernacle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
-HEB	9	9	wb9n	figs-doublet	δῶρά τε καὶ θυσίαι	1	for the present time	Here, **gifts** and **sacrifices** function together to refer to anything that an Israelite would have offered to God. It is probable that **sacrifices** refers to animals that would be killed and offered to God, while **gifts** identifies anything else that a person would give to God. If you do not have two words for these categories, you could use a single word or phrase to refer to what an Israelite would offer to God. See you how you translated the same phrase in [8:3](../08/03.md). Alternate translation: “sacrifices” or “things presented to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
+HEB	9	9	wb9n	figs-doublet	δῶρά τε καὶ θυσίαι	1	for the present time	Here, the words **gifts** and **sacrifices** function together to refer to anything that an Israelite would have offered to God. It is probable that **sacrifices** refers to animals that would be killed and offered to God, while **gifts** identifies anything else that a person would give to God. If you do not have two words for these categories, you could use a single word or phrase to refer to what an Israelite would offer to God. See you how you translated the same phrase in [8:3](../08/03.md). Alternate translation: “sacrifices” or “things presented to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 HEB	9	9	g16u	figs-activepassive	δῶρά τε καὶ θυσίαι προσφέρονται	1	that are now being offered	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The author uses the passive form here to focus on what is **being offered** rather than focusing on the people doing the “offering.” If you must state who did the action, the author implies that the Israelites, or more specifically the priests, did it. Alternate translation: “the priests offer both gifts and sacrifices” or “they offer both gifts and sacrifices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	9	9	qsa1	figs-idiom	κατὰ συνείδησιν	1	are not able to perfect the worshiper’s conscience	Here, the phrase **according to {the} conscience** indicates that the “perfecting” is related to or in the sphere of the **conscience**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in a clearer way. Alternate translation: “with reference to the conscience” or “in the conscience” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 HEB	9	9	c31d	figs-genericnoun	τὸν λατρεύοντα	1	the worshiper’s conscience	Here the author is speaking of “worshipers” in general, not of one particular **worshiper**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that refers to “worshipers” in general. Alternate translation: “the worshipers” or “any worshiper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
@@ -1085,7 +1085,7 @@ HEB	9	11	ez21	figs-go	παραγενόμενος	1	good things	Here, the phrase
 HEB	9	11	da2i	figs-extrainfo	τῶν…ἀγαθῶν	1	good things	Here the author does not clarify what **the good things** are. The phrase probably refers to everything that believers receive through **Christ**, including rest, redemption, forgiveness, and eternal life. Since the author left the idea vague here, if possible you also should use a general expression without specifying what the **things** are. Alternate translation: “of the blessings” or “of the good gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
 HEB	9	11	scqv	translate-textvariants	γενομένων	1	good things	Instead of the phrase **that have come into existence**, many ancient manuscripts have the phrase “that are coming”. The phrase that the ULT uses identifies the **good things** as things that believers already have, while the phrase “that are coming” identifies the **good things** as things that believers are still waiting for. The majority of scholars think that the phrase in the ULT is the correct one, so unless there is a good reason to use “that are coming,” you should use **that have come into existence**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
 HEB	9	11	czx6	figs-explicit	τῆς μείζονος καὶ τελειοτέρας σκηνῆς	1	the greater and more perfect tabernacle	Here, the phrase **the greater and more perfect tabernacle** refers to the heavenly **tabernacle** that Jesus has entered. The phrase could refer more specifically: (1) to the entire heavenly sanctuary. Alternate translation: “the whole greater and more perfect tabernacle” (2) to the first section of the heavenly sanctuary. Alternate translation: “the greater and more perfection first section of the tabernacle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-HEB	9	11	jyqn	figs-doublet	μείζονος καὶ τελειοτέρας	1	the greater and more perfect tabernacle	Here, **greater** and **more perfect** function together to refer to identify the heavenly **tabernacle** as superior to the earthly one. It is probable that **greater** identifies the heavenly **tabernacle** as more important, while **more perfect** identifies it as more able to accomplish what it was intended to do. If you do not have two words for these categories, you could use a single word or phrase to refer to identify the heavenly **tabernacle** as more important and effective than the earthly one. Alternate translation: “better” or “more powerfully effective” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
+HEB	9	11	jyqn	figs-doublet	μείζονος καὶ τελειοτέρας	1	the greater and more perfect tabernacle	Here, the words **greater** and **more perfect** function together to refer to identify the heavenly **tabernacle** as superior to the earthly one. It is probable that **greater** identifies the heavenly **tabernacle** as more important, while **more perfect** identifies it as more able to accomplish what it was intended to do. If you do not have two words for these categories, you could use a single word or phrase to refer to identify the heavenly **tabernacle** as more important and effective than the earthly one. Alternate translation: “better” or “more powerfully effective” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 HEB	9	11	h434	figs-explicit	οὐ χειροποιήτου τοῦτ’ ἔστιν, οὐ ταύτης τῆς κτίσεως	1	the greater and more perfect tabernacle	Here, the phrase **not made by human hands** means that God, not humans, made this **tabernacle**. The phrase **not of this creation** means that the **tabernacle** is not part of the earthly world. Scholars debate whether this means that it belongs to the heavenly world (“another creation”) or whether this means that it is “uncreated.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “made not by humans but by God, that is, of the heavenly creation” or “not made by people, that is, not created at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 HEB	9	11	lxw8	figs-activepassive	οὐ χειροποιήτου τοῦτ’ ἔστιν, οὐ	1	that was not made by human hands	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The author uses the passive form here to focus the **tabernacle**, which is **not made** rather than focusing on the **human hands** that did not make it. Alternate translation: “that human hands did not make, that is, that is not” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	9	11	mtj9	figs-synecdoche	χειροποιήτου	1	human hands	Here, the phrase **human hands** refers to main part of the body that we use to make things. So, the phrase figuratively refers to the whole person who makes things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that **human hands** refers to “humans” in general, not just their hands. Alternate translation: “made by humans” or “made by people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@ HEB	9	14	xj6g	figs-explicit	ἑαυτὸν προσήνεγκεν ἄμωμον
 HEB	9	14	o6jx	figs-metaphor	ἄμωμον	1	without blemish	Here the author refers to Jesus as if he were an animal that was **without blemish**. By speaking in this way, he identifies Jesus as a person who never sinned or disobeyed God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable metaphor or express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “without sin or fault” or “without imperfection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	9	14	rkh4	figs-explicit	τὴν συνείδησιν ὑμῶν	1	cleanse our conscience	Here, in contrast to the word “flesh” in [9:13](../09/13.md), the word **conscience** refers to inner part of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to internal or total cleansing. Alternate translation: “your inwards parts” or “your whole person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 HEB	9	14	dlll	translate-textvariants	ὑμῶν	1	cleanse our conscience	Many early manuscripts have “our” instead of **your** here. The author does not mean to exclude himself or others, so the meaning is very similar in both cases. Consider using the word that translations that your readers are familiar with use. Otherwise, you could use **your** like the ULT does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
-HEB	9	14	hiw0	grammar-collectivenouns	τὴν συνείδησιν ὑμῶν	1	cleanse our conscience	Here, **conscience** is a singular noun that refers to the “consciences” of all the audience members. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you can use a different expression. Alternate translation: “your consciences” or “each of your consciences” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
+HEB	9	14	hiw0	grammar-collectivenouns	τὴν συνείδησιν ὑμῶν	1	cleanse our conscience	Here, the word **conscience** is a singular noun that refers to the “consciences” of all the audience members. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you can use a different expression. Alternate translation: “your consciences” or “each of your consciences” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
 HEB	9	14	zbj1	figs-metaphor	νεκρῶν ἔργων	1	dead works	Here the author speaks of the **works** as if they were **dead**. By speaking in this way, he could mean that: (1) the **works** do not accomplish anything, just like **dead** people do not do anything. Alternate translation: “ineffective works” or “useless works” (2) the **works** eventually cause people to die. Alternate translation: “works that lead to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	9	14	hcst	figs-abstractnouns	νεκρῶν ἔργων	1	dead works	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind works, you could express the idea by using a verb such as “perform” or “do.” Alternate translation: “the dead things that you performed” or “what you did that was dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 HEB	9	14	suu7	figs-idiom	Θεῷ ζῶντι	1	cleanse	Here, much like in [3:12](../03/12.md), the phrase **the living God** identifies God as the one who “lives” and possibly as the one who gives “life.” The primary point is that God actually “lives,” unlike idols and other things that people call “god.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that emphasizes that God really “lives.” Alternate translation: “the God who lives” or “the true God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@ HEB	9	26	ezjh	figs-abstractnouns	ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου	1	If
 HEB	9	26	weec	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	νυνὶ δὲ	1	If that had been the case	Here, the phrase **But now** could introduce (1) a contrast with the hypothetical situation the author offered in the first half of the verse. In this case, the word **now** does not refer to time but identifies what is actually true. See the similar construction in [8:6](../08/6.md), which contrasts with the hypothetical situation in [8:4](../08/04.md). Alternate translation: “In reality, though,” or “As it really is,” (2) a contrast with the hypothetical situation earlier in the verse and between the past (what the priests did) and the present (**now**). In this case, the word **now** does refer to time. Alternate translation: “But in the present” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
 HEB	9	26	aojy	figs-activepassive	πεφανέρωται	1	to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The author uses the passive form here to focus on Jesus, who **has been revealed**, rather than focusing on the person doing the “revealing.” If you must state who did the action, the author implies that Jesus himself did it. Alternate translation: “he has revealed himself” or “he has appeared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	9	26	hg2g	figs-explicit	πεφανέρωται	1	to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself	Here, the phrase **he has been revealed** could refer to: (1) Jesus’ “appearance” in the heavenly sanctuary (see “made visible” in [9:24](../09/24.md)). Alternate translation: “he has appeared in heaven” (2) Jesus’ “appearance” on earth when he became human and died. Alternate translation: “he has appeared on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-HEB	9	26	mfhz	figs-idiom	ἐπὶ συντελείᾳ τῶν αἰώνων	1	to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself	Here, **{the} end of the ages** refers to the last period in the history of the world, which began when Jesus lived, died, and came alive again. It also means that this last period has been the goal of all the previous events. If your language has a way to refer to the last period in the history of the world, you could use it here. Alternatively, if your language has a way to refer to the end of the world, you could express the idea by stating that the end of the world will happen soon. Alternate translation: “at this time when the end of the world is coming soon” or “during these end times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+HEB	9	26	mfhz	figs-idiom	ἐπὶ συντελείᾳ τῶν αἰώνων	1	to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself	Here, the phrase **{the} end of the ages** refers to the last period in the history of the world, which began when Jesus lived, died, and came alive again. It also means that this last period has been the goal of all the previous events. If your language has a way to refer to the last period in the history of the world, you could use it here. Alternatively, if your language has a way to refer to the end of the world, you could express the idea by stating that the end of the world will happen soon. Alternate translation: “at this time when the end of the world is coming soon” or “during these end times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 HEB	9	26	dq7m	figs-abstractnouns	εἰς ἀθέτησιν ἁμαρτίας διὰ τῆς θυσίας αὐτοῦ	1	to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas behind **annulment** and **sacrifice**, you could express the ideas by using verbs such as “annul” and “sacrifice.” Alternate translation: “to annul sins by sacrificing himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 
 HEB	9	26	flt7	translate-unknown	ἀθέτησιν	1	to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself	Here, the word **annulment** is the same word translated in “annulment” in [7:18](../07/18.md). The word refers to abolishing something or keeping it from being effective or powerful. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to removing the power or effectiveness from something. Alternate translation: “the abolition” or “the removal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
 HEB	9	27	hflz	grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ καθ’ ὅσον	1	to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself	Here, the phrase **And just as** introduces further information (**And**) that includes a two-part comparison. The first part is introduced here by **just as**, while the second part is introduced at the beginning of [9:28](../09/28.md) by “so also.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces further information and the first part of a comparison. Alternate translation: “Further, in the same way that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
@@ -1217,7 +1217,7 @@ HEB	9	27	w2v8	translate-unknown	ἀπόκειται τοῖς ἀνθρώποι
 HEB	9	27	h6rr	figs-activepassive	ἀπόκειται τοῖς ἀνθρώποις…ἀποθανεῖν	1	to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The author uses the passive form here to focus on what is **appointed** rather than focusing on the person doing the “appointing.” If you must state who did the action, the author implies that “God” did it. Alternate translation: “God has appointed men to die” or “God has made it so that men die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	9	27	giz9	figs-gendernotations	τοῖς ἀνθρώποις	1	to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself	Although the word **men** is masculine, the author is using it to refer to all people, both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a non-gendered word or refer to both genders. Alternate translation: “to people” or “to men and women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 HEB	9	27	ewjt	figs-extrainfo	μετὰ…τοῦτο	1	to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself	Here the author does not specify how soon **judgment** comes **after** people die. If possible, express the idea with a word or phrase that refers to an event that comes later without specifying how much later. Alternate translation: “once that happens” or “some time after that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
-HEB	9	27	j084	figs-explicit	κρίσις	1	to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself	Here, **judgment** refers to how God will “judge” everyone based on what they have done when Jesus comes back. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the final judgment” or “God’s judgment of everyone at the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+HEB	9	27	j084	figs-explicit	κρίσις	1	to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself	Here, the word **judgment** refers to how God will “judge” everyone based on what they have done when Jesus comes back. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the final judgment” or “God’s judgment of everyone at the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 HEB	9	27	p6oi	figs-abstractnouns	κρίσις	1	to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind **judgment**, you could express the idea by using a verb such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “they are judged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 HEB	9	28	nwwq	grammar-connect-words-phrases	οὕτως καὶ	1	Christ was offered once	Here, the phrase **so also** introduces what the author will compare with humans dying and being judged ([9:27](../09/27.md)). The comparison between humans and **Christ** is about two primary things. First, both die **once**. Second, God’s final decision, either judgment or **salvation**, follows this death at some point. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the second part of a comparison. “likewise” or “in much the same way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 HEB	9	28	p8b6	figs-activepassive	προσενεχθεὶς	1	Christ was offered once	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, the author implies that “Christ” did it to himself. Alternate translation: “having offered himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -1303,7 +1303,7 @@ HEB	10	12	o8m4	figs-idiom	εἰς τὸ διηνεκὲς	1	he sat down at the r
 HEB	10	12	vjto	figs-infostructure	μίαν ὑπὲρ ἁμαρτιῶν…θυσίαν, εἰς τὸ διηνεκὲς, ἐκάθισεν	1	he sat down at the right hand of God	Here, the phrase **for all time** could modify: (1) **offered**. Alternate translation: “one sacrifice for sins for all time, sat down” (2) **sat down**. Alternate translation: “one sacrifice for sins, sat down for all time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])
 HEB	10	12	egky	figs-idiom	ὑπὲρ ἁμαρτιῶν	1	he sat down at the right hand of God	Here, the phrase **for sins** indicates that Jesus’ **sacrifice** was intended to take away **sins**. The phrase does not mean that the **sacrifice** helps or allows the **sins**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this idea clear. Alternate translation: “for the forgiveness of sins” or “so that God would forgive sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 HEB	10	12	fy8w	translate-symaction	ἐκάθισεν ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	he sat down at the right hand of God	When someone sits **at the right hand of God**, it symbolizes that person’s honor, authority, and ability to rule. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea explicitly. See how you translated the similar phrase in [8:1](../08/01.md). Alternate translation: “sat down to rule at the right hand of God” or “took the place of honor and authority at the right hand of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
-HEB	10	12	wl76	figs-metonymy	ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	he sat down at the right hand of God	Here, **at the right hand** refers to the place next to a person’s **right hand**, which would be the “right side.” In the author’s culture, this side was associated with honor or authority. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the “right side.” Make sure that your readers understand that this side indicates that Jesus has honor and authority when he sits there. Alternate translation: “at the right side of God” or “in the honorable place next to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+HEB	10	12	wl76	figs-metonymy	ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	he sat down at the right hand of God	Here, the phrase **at the right hand** refers to the place next to a person’s **right hand**, which would be the “right side.” In the author’s culture, this side was associated with honor or authority. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the “right side.” Make sure that your readers understand that this side indicates that Jesus has honor and authority when he sits there. Alternate translation: “at the right side of God” or “in the honorable place next to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	10	13	w782	figs-explicit	ἐκδεχόμενος	1		Here the author does not clarify what Jesus is **waiting** for. He implies that it is his return to earth, which the author has already mentioned in [9:28](../09/28.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make it more explicit. Alternate translation: “waiting to return to earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 HEB	10	13	ljg5	grammar-connect-time-sequential	τὸ λοιπὸν	1		Here, the phrase **from then** refers to a span of time from a previous action (in this case, Jesus “sitting down” as described in [10:12](../10/12.md)) up to and including the present. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that refers to this span of time. Alternate translation: “from that time on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
 HEB	10	13	qnby	figs-activepassive	τεθῶσιν οἱ ἐχθροὶ αὐτοῦ	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The author uses the passive form here to focus the **enemies** that are **made a footstool** rather than focusing on the person who makes them the **footstool**. If you must state who did the action, the author implies that “God” did it. Alternate translation: “God makes his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -1381,7 +1381,7 @@ HEB	10	26	l7sv	figs-explicit	οὐκέτι περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἀπο
 HEB	10	26	sil4	figs-idiom	περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν	1	a sacrifice for sins	Here, the phrase **on behalf of sins** means that the sacrifice is intended to deal with **sins**. It does not mean that the sacrifice allows the **sins** or encourages the **sins**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in a more natural way. Alternate translation: “to deal with sins” or “for the forgiveness of sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 HEB	10	27	tbww	figs-ellipsis	φοβερὰ δέ τις ἐκδοχὴ	1	of judgment	This clause leaves out some words that many languages might need to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the second half of the previous verse ([10:26](../10/26.md)). Alternate translation: “but what does remain is a certain fearful expectation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 HEB	10	27	ilzd	figs-abstractnouns	φοβερὰ…τις ἐκδοχὴ κρίσεως, καὶ πυρὸς ζῆλος	1	of judgment	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas behind **expectation**, **judgment**, and **zeal**, you could express the ideas by using verbs such as “expect” and “judge” and an adjective such as “zealous.” Alternate translation: “but fearfully expecting that God will judge and that he will send zealous fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
-HEB	10	27	fza4	figs-explicit	κρίσεως	1	of judgment	Here, **judgment** refers to how God will “judge” everyone based on what they have done when Jesus comes back. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the idea more explicit. See how you translated **judgment** in [9:27](../09/27.md). Alternate translation: “of the final judgment” or “of God’s judgment of everyone at the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+HEB	10	27	fza4	figs-explicit	κρίσεως	1	of judgment	Here, the word **judgment** refers to how God will “judge” everyone based on what they have done when Jesus comes back. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the idea more explicit. See how you translated **judgment** in [9:27](../09/27.md). Alternate translation: “of the final judgment” or “of God’s judgment of everyone at the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 HEB	10	27	t6da	figs-metaphor	πυρὸς ζῆλος ἐσθίειν μέλλοντος τοὺς ὑπεναντίους	1	a fury of fire that will consume God’s enemies	Here the author speaks of God’s punishment on his **adversaries** as if it were **fire** that would **consume** them. The word **consume** is a normal word for what **fire** does to things when it burns them. Scholars debate whether the author thought that God’s punishment of his enemies would actually include **fire** or not. Find a natural way to express the idea that God will punish his **adversaries**, and it will either involve or be like **fire**. Alternate translation: “of zeal that is, like fire, about to consume the adversaries” or “of God’s fiery punishment that will burn up the adversaries” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	10	27	fmba	figs-possession	πυρὸς ζῆλος	1	a fury of fire that will consume God’s enemies	Here the author uses the form **of fire of zeal** to: (1) identify the **fire** as God’s **zeal**. Alternate translation: “of fire, that is, God’s zeal,” (2) describe the **fire** as characterized by **zeal**, that is, very hot and powerful. Alternate translation: “of furious fire” or “of hot and powerful fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
 HEB	10	27	n9jk	figs-explicit	τοὺς ὑπεναντίους	1	a fury of fire that will consume God’s enemies	Here, the word **adversaries** refers to anyone who disobeys or opposes God. The author’s point is that those who “go on sinning” will be included among these **adversaries**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to anyone who disobeys and opposes God. Alternate translation: “those who disobey God” or “God’s opponents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -1409,7 +1409,7 @@ HEB	10	30	pdw9	figs-metaphor	ἐγὼ ἀνταποδώσω	1	I will pay back	He
 HEB	10	30	u7qv	figs-123person	κρινεῖ Κύριος τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ	1	I will pay back	Here the author has God speaking about himself in the third person. He uses this form because the quotation uses the third person to speak about God, and the author claims that God speaks the quotation. If your readers would misunderstand this form, you could clarify that God is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “I am the Lord; I will judge my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 HEB	10	31	swmv	figs-idiom	φοβερὸν τὸ ἐμπεσεῖν	1	to fall into the hands	Here, something that is **fearful** is something that causes “fear.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could more clearly express the idea that **to fall into {the} hands of {the} living God** causes “fear.” Alternate translation: “We should fear falling” or “It is a terrifying thing to fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 HEB	10	31	hhu7	figs-metaphor	τὸ ἐμπεσεῖν εἰς χεῖρας	1	to fall into the hands	The phrase **to fall into** the **hands** of someone indicates that the person who “falls” is in the power of the other person. In other words, the person with the **hands** has total control over the person who “falls.” In the context, the author implies that God will use the power or control to punish the person who “falls into” his **hands**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable metaphor or express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “to be in the power of” or “to be under the judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-HEB	10	31	mr1p	figs-metonymy	εἰς χεῖρας	1		Here, **hands** refers to the “power” or “actions” of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “into the power” or “under the control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+HEB	10	31	mr1p	figs-metonymy	εἰς χεῖρας	1		Here, the word **hands** refers to the “power” or “actions” of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “into the power” or “under the control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	10	31	gz60	figs-idiom	Θεοῦ ζῶντος	1		Here, much like in [3:12](../03/12.md) and [9:14](../09/14.md), the phrase **{the} living God** identifies **God** as the one who “lives” and possibly as the one who gives “life.” The primary point is that **God** actually “lives,” unlike idols and other things that people call “god.”If your readers would misunderstand **{the} living God**, you could use a word or phrase that emphasizes that God really “lives.” Alternate translation: “of the God who lives” or “of the true God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 HEB	10	32	y0v5	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	the former days	Here, the word **But** introduces a contrast with the warning that the author has given in [10:26–31](../10/26.md). While the author does give a stern warning, he contrasts that here with confidence that they were and will remain faithful. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a contrast. Alternate translation: “In contrast,” or “But as for you,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
 HEB	10	32	tlh3	figs-idiom	τὰς πρότερον ἡμέρας	1	the former days	Here, the phrase **the former days** refers to a period of time in the past. It does not refer to just a few **days**, and it does not specify how long in the past this period of time is. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to a period of time in the past. Alternate translation: “the time in the past” or “the previous period of time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -1515,7 +1515,7 @@ HEB	11	6	rq7d	figs-abstractnouns	χωρὶς…πίστεως	1	Now without fait
 HEB	11	6	r9nb	figs-doublenegatives	χωρὶς…πίστεως, ἀδύνατον	1	without faith it is impossible to please him	Here the author uses two negative words, **without** and **impossible**, to emphasize a positive truth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea by using a strong positive statement or only one negative word. Alternate translation: “faith is the only way” or “only by faith is it possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 HEB	11	6	hp0o	figs-explicit	εὐαρεστῆσαι	1	without faith it is impossible to please him	Here the author does not state explicitly to whom things are **well-pleasing**. He implies that **faith** makes people **well-pleasing** to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make it clearer who is “pleased” here. See how you translated the similar phrase “well-pleasing to God” at the end of [11:5](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “”to be well-pleasing to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 HEB	11	6	wlbm	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	without faith it is impossible to please him	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why **faith** is the only way to be **well-pleasing**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a reason. Alternate translation: “since” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
-HEB	11	6	b438	figs-go	τὸν προσερχόμενον τῷ Θεῷ	1	that anyone coming to God	Here, **coming to** refers to getting close to something but not necessarily being right next to it. Here, the author speaks about people **coming to God**. This means that they enter into God’s presence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to being in someone’s presence. See how you translated “approach” in [10:22](../10/22.md). Alternate translation: “the one going before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
+HEB	11	6	b438	figs-go	τὸν προσερχόμενον τῷ Θεῷ	1	that anyone coming to God	Here, the phrase **coming to** refers to getting close to something but not necessarily being right next to it. Here, the author speaks about people **coming to God**. This means that they enter into God’s presence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to being in someone’s presence. See how you translated “approach” in [10:22](../10/22.md). Alternate translation: “the one going before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
 HEB	11	6	xl5v		τοῖς ἐκζητοῦσιν…μισθαποδότης γίνεται	1	he is a rewarder of those	Alternate translation: “rewards those who seek”
 HEB	11	6	i8e9	figs-metaphor	τοῖς ἐκζητοῦσιν αὐτὸν	1	those who seek him	Here the author speaks of worshiping and serving God as if it were **seeking him**. He speaks in this way because those who worship and serve God focus on him as much as if they were **seeking** to find **him**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable metaphor or express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “of the ones focusing on him” or “of the ones following him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	11	7	r214			0	having been given a divine message	Here the author refers to a story about a man named **Noah**. When God decided to punish humans for their sins by flooding the earth, he warned Noah about it. Noah built a boat called an “ark” and survived the flood with his family. You can read about **Noah** in [Genesis 6:9–8:22](../gen/06/09.md). You might want to include this information in a footnote. 
@@ -1563,7 +1563,7 @@ HEB	11	11	vvwx	figs-idiom	καὶ παρὰ καιρὸν ἡλικίας	1	rece
 HEB	11	11	wgp6	figs-explicit	τὸν ἐπαγγειλάμενον	1	since she considered as faithful the one who had given the promise	Here, the phrase **the one having promised** refers to God, who made a promise to Abraham and Sarah that they would have **offspring** together. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make it more explicit that God is the who **promised**. Alternate translation: “God, who had promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 HEB	11	12	yea1	figs-activepassive	καὶ ἀφ’ ἑνὸς ἐγεννήθησαν, καὶ ταῦτα νενεκρωμένου	1	descendants as many as the stars in the sky and as countless as sand by the seashore	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “also one man—and he having become dead—fathered these children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	12	go6b	writing-pronouns	ἑνὸς	1	descendants as many as the stars in the sky and as countless as sand by the seashore	Here, the word **one** refers to Abraham. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make whom **one** refers to explicit. Alternate translation: “one man, Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
-HEB	11	12	lvjg	figs-hyperbole	νενεκρωμένου	1	descendants as many as the stars in the sky and as countless as sand by the seashore	Here, **having become dead** is an exaggeration that the audience would have understood to mean that Abraham was too old to have children. He is **dead** because he cannot father children. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a simile or express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “he having, as it were, become dead” or “he having become impotent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
+HEB	11	12	lvjg	figs-hyperbole	νενεκρωμένου	1	descendants as many as the stars in the sky and as countless as sand by the seashore	Here, the phrase **having become dead** is an exaggeration that the audience would have understood to mean that Abraham was too old to have children. He is **dead** because he cannot father children. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a simile or express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “he having, as it were, become dead” or “he having become impotent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 HEB	11	12	qwkn	figs-explicit	ταῦτα	1	descendants as many as the stars in the sky and as countless as sand by the seashore	Here, the phrase **these {children}** refers to Abraham’s descendants, the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make who **these {children}** are more explicit. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 HEB	11	12	askb		καθὼς τὰ ἄστρα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τῷ πλήθει, καὶ ὡς ἡ ἄμμος, ἡ παρὰ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης, ἡ ἀναρίθμητος	1	descendants as many as the stars in the sky and as countless as sand by the seashore	These phrases refer to the words that God used when he promised many descendants to Abraham. See God’s promise in [Genesis 22:17](../gen/22/17.md). You might want to include this information in a footnote.
 HEB	11	12	x8b2	figs-simile	καθὼς τὰ ἄστρα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τῷ πλήθει	1	descendants as many as the stars in the sky and as countless as sand by the seashore	Here the author compares the number of Abraham’s descendants to the number of **stars** in the **sky**, which are **great** in **number**. He uses this comparison to emphasize how many descendants there are. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make it clearer that the author is referring to many descendants and many **stars**. Alternate translation: “as many as the numerous stars in the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@@ -1608,7 +1608,7 @@ HEB	11	18	za2s	writing-quotations	ἐλαλήθη	1	to whom it had been said	Her
 HEB	11	18	k6s6	figs-quotations	ἐλαλήθη, ὅτι ἐν Ἰσαὰκ κληθήσεταί σοι σπέρμα;	1	to whom it had been said	If you do not use this form in your language, you could translate the sentence as an indirect quote instead of as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “it was said that through Isaac his offspring would be named,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
 HEB	11	18	kqyh	translate-names	Ἰσαὰκ	1	to whom it had been said	The word **Isaac** is the name of a man. He was the only son of Abraham and Sarah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 HEB	11	18	g294	figs-activepassive	κληθήσεταί σοι σπέρμα	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The author uses the passive form here to focus on the **offspring** that is **named** rather than focusing on the person doing the “naming.” If you must state who did the action, you could use a vague or indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “people will name your offspring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-HEB	11	18	judy	grammar-collectivenouns	σπέρμα	1		Here, **offspring** is a singular noun that refers to many descendants. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “lineage” or “descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
+HEB	11	18	judy	grammar-collectivenouns	σπέρμα	1		Here, the word **offspring** is a singular noun that refers to many descendants. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “lineage” or “descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
 HEB	11	18	c23z	figs-idiom	κληθήσεταί	1	your descendants will be named	In the culture of the author of the quotation, “naming” **offspring** through someone refers to identifying the ancestor of a specific group of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to identifying an ancestor in a more natural way. Alternate translation: “will be traced” or “will descend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 HEB	11	19	spl8	grammar-connect-logic-result	λογισάμενος	1	God was able to raise up Isaac from the dead	Here, the phrase **having reasoned** introduces the reason why Abraham acted as the author described in [11:17](../11/17.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this relationship more explicit. Alternate translation: “because he reasoned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 HEB	11	19	p43u	figs-idiom	καὶ ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγείρειν	1	God was able to raise up Isaac from the dead	Here the author uses the phrase **raise up** to refer to how God makes someone who has died come back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or translate the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “to restore even the dead to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -1668,7 +1668,7 @@ HEB	11	28	r107			0	he kept the Passover and the sprinkling of the blood	Here the
 HEB	11	28	dt69	figs-abstractnouns	πίστει	1	he kept the Passover and the sprinkling of the blood	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind **faith**, you could express the idea by using a verb such as “believe” or “trust.” Alternate translation: “By believing,” or “Because he believed,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 HEB	11	28	p91f	figs-idiom	πεποίηκεν τὸ Πάσχα	1	he kept the Passover and the sprinkling of the blood	Here, the clause **he has performed the Passover** identifies Moses as the one who “instituted” or “started” the **Passover** festival. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that indicates that Moses started a festival that is still celebrated even now. Alternate translation: “he instituted the Passover” or “he inaugurated the Passover” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 HEB	11	28	yuc8	figs-explicit	πεποίηκεν	1	he kept the Passover and the sprinkling of the blood	Here the author implies that Moses led all the Israelites in doing these things. It was not just Moses who sprinkled blood and **performed the Passover**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the implication about all the Israelites more explicit. Alternate translation: “he had them perform” or “he and the Israelites have performed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-HEB	11	28	bef7	figs-explicit	τὴν πρόσχυσιν τοῦ αἵματος	1	the sprinkling of the blood	Here, **the sprinkling of the blood** refers to God’s command to the Israelites to kill a lamb and spread its **blood** on the doorposts of every house where Israelites lived. This would prevent **the destroyer** from harming their **firstborn**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make what **the sprinkling of the blood** refers to more explicit. Alternate translation: “the sprinkling of blood from sacrifices on their doorframes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+HEB	11	28	bef7	figs-explicit	τὴν πρόσχυσιν τοῦ αἵματος	1	the sprinkling of the blood	Here, the phrase **the sprinkling of the blood** refers to God’s command to the Israelites to kill a lamb and spread its **blood** on the doorposts of every house where Israelites lived. This would prevent **the destroyer** from harming their **firstborn**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make what **the sprinkling of the blood** refers to more explicit. Alternate translation: “the sprinkling of blood from sacrifices on their doorframes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 HEB	11	28	tz7k	figs-abstractnouns	τὴν πρόσχυσιν τοῦ αἵματος	1	he kept the Passover and the sprinkling of the blood	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind **sprinkling**, you could express the idea by using a verb such as “sprinkle.” Alternate translation: “sprinkled the blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 HEB	11	28	h7st	figs-explicit	ὁ ὀλοθρεύων τὰ πρωτότοκα	1	he kept the Passover and the sprinkling of the blood	Here, the phrase **the destroyer {of} the firstborn** refers to the spiritual being whom God commanded to kill the **firstborn** of the Egyptians. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that **the destroyer** is a spiritual being. Alternate translation: “the angel who destroyed the firstborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 HEB	11	28	bm2f	figs-metaphor	μὴ…θίγῃ	1	should not touch	Here, the word **touch** refers to harming or killing someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable metaphor or express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “would not harm” or “would not destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -1724,7 +1724,7 @@ HEB	11	35	sdds	figs-abstractnouns	κρείττονος ἀναστάσεως τ
 HEB	11	35	jyw7	figs-ellipsis	κρείττονος ἀναστάσεως	1	a better resurrection	Here the author does not state what this **resurrection** is **better** than. The phrase **better resurrection** could mean: (1) that this is a final **resurrection** and is thus better than the temporary **resurrection** mentioned at the beginning of the verse. Alternate translation: “resurrection better than a temporary return to life” (2) that **resurrection** is **better** than a temporary **release** from being **tortured**. Alternate translation: “a resurrection better than release” (3) these people will have a **better resurrection** than those who did not have faith. Everyone experiences **resurrection**, but those who trusted God receive a **better** one. Alternate translation: “a resurrection better than what their enemies will obtain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 HEB	11	36	nx7u	figs-abstractnouns	ἕτεροι…ἐμπαιγμῶν καὶ μαστίγων πεῖραν ἔλαβον, ἔτι δὲ δεσμῶν καὶ φυλακῆς	1	Others had testing in mocking and whippings, and even chains and imprisonment	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas behind **trial**, **mockings**, **whippings**, and **imprisonment**, you could express the ideas by using verbs and verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “others were tested when people mocked and whipped them, and even more when people put them in chains and imprisoned them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 HEB	11	36	e9al	figs-idiom	πεῖραν ἔλαβον	1	Others had testing in mocking and whippings	Here, the phrase **received a trial** refers to experiencing some circumstance or event. It could also indicate that the circumstance or event was hard or difficult. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to experiencing or undergoing something difficult. Alternate translation: “had an experience” or “underwent the pain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-HEB	11	36	fql3	translate-unknown	μαστίγων	1	Others had testing in mocking and whippings	Here, **whippings** refers to punishment that consisted in one person hitting another person’s back with ropes. The one doing the **whipping** would hit the other person until his or her back was cut open. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to this kind of punishment. Alternate translation: “of floggings” or “of beatings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
+HEB	11	36	fql3	translate-unknown	μαστίγων	1	Others had testing in mocking and whippings	Here, the word **whippings** refers to punishment that consisted in one person hitting another person’s back with ropes. The one doing the **whipping** would hit the other person until his or her back was cut open. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to this kind of punishment. Alternate translation: “of floggings” or “of beatings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
 HEB	11	36	nauk	grammar-connect-words-phrases	ἔτι δὲ	1	Others had testing in mocking and whippings	Here, the phrase **and even more** indicates that what the author says next are worse or more difficult to bear than the **mockings** and **whippings** he has already mentioned. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that makes this comparison clear. Alternate translation: “and even worse,” or “and more difficult,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 HEB	11	36	clyd	figs-doublet	δεσμῶν καὶ φυλακῆς	1	Others had testing in mocking and whippings	Here, the words **chains** and **imprisonment** function together to refer to forced confinement. The word **chains** refers to how a person could be restrained by bonds or ropes, while the word **imprisonment** refers to how a person could be locked in a room. If you do not have two words for these categories, you could use a single word or phrase to refer to restraining someone in a specific location. Alternate translation: “of being in jail” or “of being locked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 HEB	11	36	azzs	figs-metonymy	δεσμῶν	1	Others had testing in mocking and whippings	Here, the word **chains** refers to being “chained.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “of being chained” or “of being tied up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -1774,7 +1774,7 @@ HEB	12	2	fyyr	figs-pastforfuture	προκειμένης αὐτῷ	1	For the joy
 HEB	12	2	nxwv	figs-metonymy	σταυρὸν	1	For the joy that was placed before him	Here, the word **cross** refers to dying on a **cross**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to death on a **cross**. Alternate translation: “dying on a cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	12	2	y7me	figs-abstractnouns	αἰσχύνης	1	despised its shame	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind **shame**, you could express the idea by using an adjective such as “shameful” or a verb such as “shame.” Alternate translation: “how it shamed him” or “how shameful it was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 HEB	12	2	vm9b	translate-symaction	ἐν δεξιᾷ…τοῦ θρόνου τοῦ Θεοῦ κεκάθικεν	1	sat down at the right hand of the throne of God	When someone sits **at {the} right hand of the throne of God**, it symbolizes that person’s honor, authority, and ability to rule. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea explicitly. Alternate translation: “he sat down to rule at the right hand of the throne of God” or “he took the place of honor and authority at the right hand of the throne of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
-HEB	12	2	czd5	figs-metonymy	ἐν δεξιᾷ…τοῦ θρόνου	1	sat down at the right hand of the throne of God	Here, **at {the} right hand** refers to the place next to a person’s **right hand**, which would be the “right side.” In the author’s culture, this side was associated with honor or authority. If your readers would misunderstand **at {the} right hand**, you could refer to the “right side.” Make sure that your readers understand that this side indicates that Jesus has honor and authority when he sits there. Alternate translation: “at the right side of the throne” or “in the honorable place on the throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+HEB	12	2	czd5	figs-metonymy	ἐν δεξιᾷ…τοῦ θρόνου	1	sat down at the right hand of the throne of God	Here, the phrase **at {the} right hand** refers to the place next to a person’s **right hand**, which would be the “right side.” In the author’s culture, this side was associated with honor or authority. If your readers would misunderstand **at {the} right hand**, you could refer to the “right side.” Make sure that your readers understand that this side indicates that Jesus has honor and authority when he sits there. Alternate translation: “at the right side of the throne” or “in the honorable place on the throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	12	3	aw3u	grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1		Here, the word **For** introduces a further explanation of what the author said in the previous two verses ([12:1–2](../12/01.md)) about “looking away to Jesus” and about who Jesus is. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces further explanation. Alternate translation: “Indeed,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 HEB	12	3	ydbc	writing-pronouns	τὸν	1		Here, the word **one** refers to Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make whom **one** refers to explicit. Alternate translation: “Jesus, the one who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 HEB	12	3	y8ze	figs-explicit	τοιαύτην…ἀντιλογίαν	1		Here, the phrase **such opposition** implies that there was much or great **opposition**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “great opposition” or “much opposition” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -1897,7 +1897,7 @@ HEB	12	18	vprn	figs-doublet	γνόφῳ, καὶ ζόφῳ	1	that can be touched
 HEB	12	18	tm4a	translate-unknown	θυέλλῃ	1	that can be touched	Here, the word **storm** refers to a natural event which includes rain, thunder and lightning, and especially strong winds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to this kind of natural event. Alternate translation: “to a windstorm” or “to strong winds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
 HEB	12	19	v3o4	figs-possession	σάλπιγγος ἤχῳ	1	nor to a voice that speaks words whose hearers begged that not another word be spoken to them	Here the author uses the possessive form to refer to the **sound** that a **trumpet** makes when someone plays it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a natural form that refers to the **sound** that a **trumpet** makes. Alternate translation: “to a trumpet blast” or “a call from a trumpet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
 HEB	12	19	gpme	figs-possession	φωνῇ ῥημάτων	1	nor to a voice that speaks words whose hearers begged that not another word be spoken to them	Here the author uses the possessive form to describe a **voice** that speaks **words**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a natural form that refers to someone speaking words. In the context, it is clear that God is the one who speaks the **words**. Alternate translation: “words spoken by a voice” or “God’s voice saying words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
-HEB	12	19	x2qk	figs-metonymy	φωνῇ ῥημάτων	1	nor to a voice that speaks words whose hearers begged that not another word be spoken to them	Here, **voice** refers to someone speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “to the speaking of words” or “to words being spoken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+HEB	12	19	x2qk	figs-metonymy	φωνῇ ῥημάτων	1	nor to a voice that speaks words whose hearers begged that not another word be spoken to them	Here, the word **voice** refers to someone speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “to the speaking of words” or “to words being spoken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	12	19	qw1w	writing-pronouns	ἧς	1	nor to a voice that speaks words whose hearers begged that not another word be spoken to them	Here, the word **which** refers to the **voice**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make what **which** refers to explicit. Alternate translation: “of which voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
 HEB	12	19	dxlf	figs-idiom	μὴ προστεθῆναι αὐτοῖς λόγον	1	nor to a voice that speaks words whose hearers begged that not another word be spoken to them	Here, the phrase **a word to be added to them** refers to speaking more words to the people who are listening. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that naturally refers to saying more words to people. Alternate translation: “no more words to be spoken to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 HEB	12	19	a9uh	figs-activepassive	μὴ προστεθῆναι…λόγον	1		If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The author uses the passive form here to avoid stating who would “add” any more “words.” If you must state who would do the action, the author implies that “God” would do it. Alternate translation: “God not to add a word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -2006,7 +2006,7 @@ HEB	13	4	ix27	figs-ellipsis	τίμιος ὁ γάμος ἐν πᾶσιν κα
 HEB	13	4	nyoo	figs-parallelism	τίμιος ὁ γάμος ἐν πᾶσιν καὶ ἡ κοίτη ἀμίαντος	1	Let marriage be respected by everyone	These two commands are very similar. It is likely that the second command is a more specific version of the first general command. If the repetition might be confusing, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one in a specific way, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Marriage must be honorable among all; specifically the marriage bed must be pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 HEB	13	4	c5rp	figs-abstractnouns	ὁ γάμος	1	Let marriage be respected by everyone	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind **marriage**, you could express the idea by using a verb such as “marry” and emphasize the state of being “married.” Alternate translation: “The way that married people are bonded together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 HEB	13	4	mbdw		ἐν πᾶσιν	1	Let marriage be respected by everyone	Here, the phrase translated **among all** could refer: (1) to **all** people. Alternate translation: “among all people” (2) to **all** things or areas. Alternate translation: “in all things” or “in every way”
-HEB	13	4	ix79	figs-euphemism	ἡ κοίτη	1	Let the marriage bed be pure	Here, **the marriage bed** is a polite way to refer to married people having sex. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable polite expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the marital rights” or “having marital sex” See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
+HEB	13	4	ix79	figs-euphemism	ἡ κοίτη	1	Let the marriage bed be pure	Here, the phrase **the marriage bed** is a polite way to refer to married people having sex. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable polite expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the marital rights” or “having marital sex” See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
 HEB	13	4	aokv	translate-unknown	ἀμίαντος	1		Here, the word **pure** describes acts that do not defile people or make them repulsive to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable word or phrase. See how you translated this word in [7:26](../07/26.md). Alternate translation: “undefiled” or “without pollution” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
 HEB	13	4	rqyr	figs-doublet	πόρνους…καὶ μοιχοὺς	1		Here, the words **sexually immoral {people}** and **adulterers** function together to identify people who have improper sex. The phrase **sexually immoral {people}** refers generally to anyone who has improper sex. The word **adulterers** refers particularly to married people who have sex with someone besides their own spouse. If you do not have two words for these categories, you could use a single word or phrase that refers to people who have improper sex. Alternate translation: “those who have improper sex” or “all sexually immoral people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 HEB	13	5	r74t	figs-ellipsis	ἀφιλάργυρος ὁ τρόπος	1	Let your conduct be free from the love of money	Much like in the first half of the previous verse ([13:5](../13/05.md)), here the author does not include any verbs. You should use the same form that you used in [13:5](../13/05.md). Alternate translation: “Let your manner of life be free from the love of money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])