richmahn_en_tn/en_tn_67-REV.tsv

Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
REV	front	intro	xx8l	Introduction to Revelation		0		# Introduction to Revelation<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>#### Outline of the Book of Revelation<br><br>1. Opening (1:1-20)<br>1. Letters to the seven churches (2:1-3:22)<br>1. Vision of God in heaven, and a vision of the Lamb (4:1-11)<br>1. The seven seals (6:1-8:1)<br>1. The seven trumpets (8:2-13:18)<br>1. Worshipers of the Lamb, the martyrs, and the harvest of wrath (14:1-20)<br>1. The seven bowls (15:1-18:24)<br>1. Worship in heaven (19:1-10)<br>1. The Lamb's judgment, the destruction of the beast, the thousand years, the destruction of Satan, and the final judgment (20:11-15)<br>1. The new creation and the new Jerusalem (21:1-22:5)<br>1. Jesus' promise to return, the witness from the angels, John's closing words, Christ's message to his church, the invitation and the warning (22:6-21)<br><br>#### Who wrote the Book of Revelation?<br><br>The author identified himself as John. This was probably the Apostle John. He wrote the Book of Revelation while on the island of Patmos. The Romans exiled John there for teaching people about Jesus.<br><br>#### What is the Book of Revelation about?<br><br>John wrote the Book of Revelation to encourage believers to remain faithful even when they are suffering. John described visions he had of Satan and his followers fighting against and killing believers. In the visions God causes many terrible things to happen on the earth to punish wicked people. In the end, Jesus defeats Satan and his followers. Then Jesus comforts those who were faithful. And the believers will live forever with God in the new heavens and earth.<br><br>#### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by one of its traditional titles, "Revelation," "The Revelation of Jesus Christ," "The Revelation to Saint John," or "The Apocalypse of John." Or they may choose a possibly clearer title, such as "The Things that Jesus Christ Showed to John." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>#### What type of writing is the Book of Revelation?<br><br>John used a special style of writing to describe his visions. John described what he saw by using many symbols. This style of writing is called symbolic prophecy or apocalyptic literature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>#### Are the events of Revelation past or future?<br><br>Since early Christian times, scholars have interpreted Revelation differently. Some scholars think John described events that happened during his time. Some scholars think John described events happening from his time until the return of Jesus. Other scholars think John described events that will happen in a short period of time just before Christ returns.<br><br>Translators will not need to decide how to interpret the book before they translate it. Translators should leave the prophecies in the tenses that are used in the ULT.<br><br>#### Are there any other books in the Bible like Revelation?<br><br>No other book of the Bible is like the Book of Revelation. But, passages in Ezekiel, Zechariah, and especially Daniel are similar in content and style to Revelation. It may be beneficial to translate Revelation at the same time as Daniel since they have some imagery and style in common.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>#### Does one need to understand the Book of Revelation to translate it?<br><br>One does not need to understand all of the symbols in the Book of Revelation to translate it properly. Translators should not give possible meanings for the symbols or numbers in their translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>#### How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in Revelation in the ULT?<br><br>The scriptures use these words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating Revelation into English, the 
REV	01	intro	u1e2	Revelation 01 General Notes		0		# Revelation 01 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter explains how the Book of Revelation records the vision John received on the island of Patmos.<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page to make them easier to read. The ULT does this with the quoted words in verse 7.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Seven churches<br><br>John wrote this book to seven actual churches in Asia Minor, which is now the country of Turkey.<br><br>##### White<br><br>The Bible often speaks of something that belongs to a person as being "white." This is metaphor and metonym for that person living rightly and pleasing God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>##### "Him who is, and who was, and who is to come"<br><br>God exists now. He has always existed. He will always exist. Your language may have a different way of saying this.<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Blood<br><br>Blood is a metonym for death. Jesus "has released us from our sins by his blood." John means that Jesus saved us from our sins by dying for us. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "He is coming with the clouds"<br><br>Jesus went into the clouds when he went up to heaven after God raised him from the dead. When Jesus returns, he will also be "with the clouds." It is not clear whether he will be sitting or riding on clouds or coming in the clouds or "with the clouds" in some other way. Your translation should express this in a way that is natural in your language.<br><br>##### "One like a son of man"<br><br>This refers to Jesus. You should translate the words "son of man" using the same words as you did in the Gospels for when Jesus called himself the "Son of Man."<br><br>##### "The angels of the seven churches"<br><br>The word "angels" here can also mean "messengers." This might refer to heavenly beings, or to the messengers or leaders of these seven churches. John uses the same word "angel" (singular) in verse 1 and in many other places throughout the book. Your translation should also use the same word.<br>
REV	01	01	kv41			0	General Information:	This is an introduction to the book of Revelation. It explains that it is a revelation from Jesus Christ and it gives a blessing to those who read it.
REV	01	01	ik5v			0	his servants	This refers to people who believe in Christ.
REV	01	01	x8bu			0	what must soon take place	"the events that must happen soon"
REV	01	01	kez4			0	made it known	"communicated it"
REV	01	01	pb4u	figs-123person		0	to his servant John	John wrote this book and was referring to himself here. Alternate translation: "to me, John, his servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
REV	01	02	va4c			0	the word of God	"the message that God spoke"
REV	01	02	b5se			0	the testimony of Jesus Christ	Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the testimony that John has given about Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: "he has also given testimony about Jesus Christ" or 2) "the testimony that Jesus Christ has given about himself"
REV	01	03	le65	figs-genericnoun		0	the one who reads aloud	This does not refer to a specific person. It refers to anyone who reads it aloud. Alternate translation: "anyone who reads aloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
REV	01	03	h37b	figs-activepassive		0	obey what is written in it	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "obey what John has written in it" or "obey what they read in it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	01	03	dwt8			0	the time is near	"the things that must happen will soon happen"
REV	01	04	vw1t			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of John's letter. Here he names himself as the writer and greets the people he is writing to.
REV	01	04	y9yh	figs-abstractnouns		0	May grace be to you and peace from the one who is ... and from the seven spirits	This is a wish or blessing. John speaks as if these were things that God could give, although they are really ways in which he hopes God will act for his people. Alternate translation: "May he who is ... and the seven spirits ... treat you kindly and enable you to live peacefully and securely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
REV	01	04	hl5c			0	from the one who is	"from God, who is"
REV	01	04	qsu6	figs-metaphor		0	who is to come	Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	01	04	x38p	writing-symlanguage		0	seven spirits	The number seven is a symbol of completeness and perfection. The "seven spirits" refers either to the Spirit of God or to seven spirits who serve God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	01	05	w24x			0	and from Jesus Christ	This continues the blessing from [Revelation 1:4] (./04.md). "May grace be to you and peace also from Jesus Christ" or "and may Jesus Christ treat you kindly and enable you to live peacefully and securely"
REV	01	05	l3h8			0	the firstborn from the dead	"the first person to be raised from death"
REV	01	05	j1xp			0	from the dead	From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To come back from among them speaks of becoming alive again.
REV	01	05	u6v7			0	has released us	"has set us free"
REV	01	06	a4mq			0	has made us a kingdom, priests	"has set us apart and begun to rule over us and he has made us priests"
REV	01	06	ne7x			0	his God and Father	This is one person. Alternate translation: "God, his Father"
REV	01	06	c77q	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
REV	01	06	qd74	figs-abstractnouns		0	to him be the glory and the power	This is a wish or prayer. Possible meanings are 1) "May people honor his glory and power" or 2) "May he have glory and power." John prays that Jesus Christ will be honored and will be able to rule completely over everyone and everything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
REV	01	06	vc5g			0	the power	This probably refers to his authority as king.
REV	01	07	ldv8			0	General Information:	In verse 7, John is quoting from Daniel and Zechariah.
REV	01	07	hb4i	figs-synecdoche		0	every eye	Since people see with the eyes, the word "eye" is used to refer to people. Alternate translation: "every person" or "everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
REV	01	07	t16v			0	including those who pierced him	"even those who pierced him will see him"
REV	01	07	ndf6	figs-metonymy		0	pierced him	Jesus' hands and feet were pierced when he was nailed to the cross. Here it refers to people killing him. Alternate translation: "killed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	01	07	lqs9			0	pierced	made a hole in
REV	01	08	mm9z	figs-metaphor		0	the alpha and the omega	These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Possible meanings are 1) "the one who began all things and who ends all things" or 2) "the one who has always lived and who always will live." If unclear to readers you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. Alternate translation: "the A and the Z" or "the first and the last" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV	01	08	in5e	figs-metaphor		0	who is to come	Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	01	08	c96p	writing-quotations		0	says the Lord God	Some languages would put "The Lord God says" at the beginning or the end of the whole sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
REV	01	09	up7y			0	General Information:	John explains how his vision began and the instructions the Spirit gave him.
REV	01	09	mg1k	figs-you		0	your ... you	These refer to the believers in the seven churches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
REV	01	09	p7ii			0	I, John—your brother and the one who shares with you in the suffering and kingdom and patient endurance that are in Jesus—was	This can be stated as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: "I, John, am your brother who who shares with you in God's kingdom and also suffers and patiently endures trials along with you because we belong to Jesus. I was"
REV	01	09	c1a9			0	because of the word of God	"because I told others the word of God"
REV	01	09	j5rg			0	the word of God	"the message that God spoke." Translate as in [Revelation 1:2](../01/02.md).
REV	01	09	sim8			0	the testimony about Jesus	"the testimony that God has given about Jesus." Translate as in [Revelation 1:2](../01/02.md).
REV	01	10	s2sw	figs-idiom		0	I was in the Spirit	John speaks of being influenced by God's Spirit as if he were in the Spirit. Alternate translation: "I was influenced by the Spirit" or "The Spirit influenced me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
REV	01	10	lnj2			0	the Lord's day	the day of worship for believers in Christ
REV	01	10	fa68	figs-simile		0	loud voice like a trumpet	The voice was so loud it sounded like a trumpet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	01	10	dn8e			0	trumpet	This refers to an instrument for producing music or for calling people to gather together for an announcement or meeting.
REV	01	11	kq6x	translate-names		0	Smyrna ... Pergamum ... Thyatira ... Sardis ... Philadelphia ... Laodicea	These are names of cities in the region of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
REV	01	12	dkp1	Connecting Statement:		0		John begins to explain what he saw in his vision.
REV	01	12	r89l	figs-synecdoche		0	whose voice	This refers to the person speaking. Alternate translation: "who" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
REV	01	13	xmx7	figs-metaphor		0	son of man	This expression describes a human figure, someone who looks human. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	01	13	y6qk			0	a golden sash	a piece of cloth worn around the chest. It may have had golden threads in it.
REV	01	14	qc12	figs-simile		0	His head and hair were as white as wool—as white as snow	Wool and snow are examples of things that are very white. The repetition of "as white as" emphasizes that they were very white. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
REV	01	14	j9w4			0	wool	This is the hair of a sheep or goat. It was known to be very white.
REV	01	14	vp4t	figs-simile		0	his eyes were like a flame of fire	His eyes are described as being full of light like a flame of fire. Alternate translation: "his eyes were glowing like a flame of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	01	15	u551	figs-simile		0	His feet were like polished bronze	Bronze is polished to make it shine and reflect light. Alternate translation: "His feet were very shiny like polished bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	01	15	d6je	figs-events		0	like polished bronze, like bronze that had been refined in a furnace	The bronze would be refined first and then polished. Alternate translation: "like bronze that has been purified in a hot furnace and polished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
REV	01	15	ldx7			0	furnace	a strong container for holding a very hot fire. People would put metal in it, and the hot fire would burn away any impurities that were in the metal.
REV	01	15	izg6			0	the sound of many rushing waters	This is very loud, like the sound of a large, fast flowing river, of a large waterfall, or of loud waves in the sea.
REV	01	16	pp58			0	a sword ... was coming out of his mouth	The sword blade was sticking out of his mouth. The sword itself was not in motion.
REV	01	16	zy4d			0	a sword with two sharp edges	This refers to a double-edged sword, which is sharpened on both sides to cut both directions.
REV	01	17	twy9	figs-simile		0	fell at his feet like a dead man	John lay down facing the ground. He was probably very frightened and was showing Jesus great respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	01	17	jw5r			0	He placed his right hand on me	"He touched me with his right hand"
REV	01	17	uc3d	figs-merism		0	I am the first and the last	This refers to the eternal nature of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV	01	18	a4e2	figs-metaphor		0	I have the keys of death and of Hades	Having the power over something is spoken of as having the keys to it. The implied information is that he can give life to those who have died and let them out of Hades. Alternate translation: "I have the power over death and over Hades" or "I have the power to give life to people who have died and to let them out of Hades" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	01	19	u49x	Connecting Statement:		0		The Son of Man continues to speak.
REV	01	20	d6ez	writing-symlanguage		0	stars	These stars are symbols that represent the seven angels of the seven churches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	01	20	fl5d	writing-symlanguage		0	lampstands	The lampstands are symbols that represent the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:12](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	01	20	eek9			0	the angels of the seven churches	Possible meanings are that these "angels" are 1) heavenly angels who protect the seven churches or 2) human messengers to the seven churches, either messengers who went from John to the churches or the leaders of those churches.
REV	01	20	e25n			0	seven churches	This refers to seven churches that actually existed in Asia Minor at that time. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md).
REV	02	intro	zps2	Revelation 02 General Notes		0		# Revelation 02 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapters 2 and 3 together are usually called the "seven letters to the seven churches." You may wish to set each letter apart. The reader can then easily see that they are separate letters.<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verse 27.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Poverty and wealth<br><br>The Christians in Smyrna were poor because they did not have much money. But they were rich spiritually because God would reward them for their suffering. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])<br><br>##### "The devil is about to"<br><br>People were about to take some of the Christians in Smyrna and throw them into prison and even kill some of them ([Revelation 2:10](../../rev/02/10.md)). John does not say who these people were. But he does speak of them harming the Christians as if Satan himself were harming them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br><br>##### Balaam, Balak, and Jezebel<br><br>Balaam, Balak, and Jezebel were people who lived long before Jesus was born. They all tried to harm the Israelites either by cursing them or by making them want to stop obeying God.<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### "Let the one who has an ear, hear what the Spirit is saying to the churches"<br><br>The writer knew that almost all of his readers had physical ears. The ear here is a metonym for hearing what God says and desiring to obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "The angel of the church"<br><br>The word "angel" here can also mean "messenger." This might refer to the messenger or leader of the church. See how you translated "angel" in [Revelation 1:20](../../rev/01/20.md).<br><br>##### "The words of the one who"<br><br>The verses with these words can be difficult to translate. They do not make complete sentences. You may need to add "These are" to the beginning of these verses. Also, Jesus used these words to speak of himself as if he were speaking of another person. Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking of other people. Jesus began speaking in [Revelation 1:17](../../rev/01/17.md). He continues to speak through the end of Chapter 3.<br>
REV	02	01	mn8x			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Ephesus.
REV	02	01	kq5r			0	the angel	Possible meanings are that this "angel" is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated "angel" in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
REV	02	01	i92a	writing-symlanguage		0	stars	These stars are symbols. They represent the seven angels of the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	02	01	ugs3	writing-symlanguage		0	lampstands	The lampstands are symbols that represent the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:12](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	02	02	jg1u	figs-abstractnouns		0	I know ... your hard labor and your patient endurance	"Labor" and "endurance" are abstract nouns and can be translated with verbs "work" and "endure." Alternate translation: "I know ... that you work very hard and that you endure patiently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
REV	02	02	szc1			0	but are not	"but are not apostles"
REV	02	02	ka9e			0	you have found them to be false	"you have recognized that those people are false apostles"
REV	02	03	muq8	figs-metonymy		0	because of my name	"Name" here is a metonym for the person of Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: "because of me" or "because you believe in my name" or "because you believe in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	02	03	j46d	figs-metaphor		0	you have not grown weary	Being discouraged is spoken of as being tired. Alternate translation: "you have not become discouraged" or "you have not quit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	02	04	j7gz			0	I have against you the fact that	"I disapprove of you because" or "I am angry with you because"
REV	02	04	kx98	figs-metaphor		0	you have left behind your first love	To stop doing something is spoken of as leaving it behind. Love is spoken of as if it is an object that can be left behind. AT "you have stopped loving me as you did at the beginning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	02	05	sfw2	figs-metaphor		0	from where you have fallen	No longer loving as much as they used to is spoken of as haven fallen. Alternate translation: "how much you have changed" or "how much you used to love me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	02	05	j6p5			0	Unless you repent	"If you do not repent"
REV	02	05	j8p5	writing-symlanguage		0	remove your lampstand	The lampstands are symbols that represent the seven churches. See how you translated "lampstand" in [Revelation 1:12](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	02	06	cvi5	translate-names		0	Nicolaitans	people who followed the teachings of a man named Nicolaus (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
REV	02	07	s3qg	figs-metonymy		0	Let the one who has an ear, hear	Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase "has an ear" here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. Alternate translation: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen to" or "The one who is willing to understand, let him understand and obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	02	07	ft48	figs-123person		0	Let the one ... hear	Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. Alternate translation: "If you are willing to listen, listen to" or "If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
REV	02	07	wzg1	figs-genericnoun		0	the one who conquers	This refers anyone who conquers. Alternate translation: "anyone who resists evil" or "those who do not agree to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
REV	02	07	rmf5			0	the paradise of God	"God's garden." This is a symbol for heaven.
REV	02	08	is3w			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Smyrna.
REV	02	08	ie9x			0	the angel	Possible meanings are that this "angel" is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated "angel" in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
REV	02	08	key2	translate-names		0	Smyrna	This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
REV	02	08	k7qk	figs-merism		0	the first and the last	This refers to the eternal nature of Jesus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV	02	09	p6hp	figs-abstractnouns		0	I know your sufferings and your poverty	"Sufferings" and "poverty" can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: "I know how you have suffered and how poor you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
REV	02	09	f6bp	figs-abstractnouns		0	I know the slander of those who say they are Jews	"Slander" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "I know how people have slandered you—those who say they are Jews" or "I know how people have said terrible things about you—those who say they are Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
REV	02	09	qf9p			0	but they are not	"but they are not real Jews"
REV	02	09	a4yu	figs-metaphor		0	a synagogue of Satan	People who gather to obey or honor Satan are spoken of as if they were a synagogue, a place of worship and teaching for the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	02	10	agx4	figs-metonymy		0	The devil is about to throw some of you into prison	The words "the Devil" here are a metonym for the people who obey the devil. Alternate translation: "The devil will soon cause others to put some of you in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	02	10	f5t1			0	Be faithful until death	"Be faithful to me even if they kill you." The use of the word "until" does not mean that you should stop being faithful at death.
REV	02	10	sp8z			0	the crown	"the winner's crown." This was a wreath, originally of olive branches or laurel leaves, that was put on the head of a victorious athlete.
REV	02	10	zhj8	figs-metaphor		0	the crown of life	Possible meanings are 1) "a crown that shows that I have given you eternal life" or 2) "true life as a prize like a winner's crown" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	02	11	g7zq	figs-metonymy		0	Let the one who has an ear, hear	Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase "has an ear" here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen to" or "The one who is willing to understand, let him understand and obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	02	11	dc3n	figs-123person		0	Let the one ... hear	Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: "If you are willing to listen, listen to" or "If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
REV	02	11	s9d2	figs-genericnoun		0	The one who conquers	This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: "Anyone who resists evil" or "Those who do not agree to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
REV	02	11	q6w2			0	will not be hurt by the second death	"will not experience the second death" or "will not die a second time"
REV	02	12	ll17			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Pergamum.
REV	02	12	y864			0	the angel	Possible meanings are that this "angel" is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated "angel" in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
REV	02	12	il7c	translate-names		0	Pergamum	This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
REV	02	12	f6s5			0	the sword with two sharp edges	This refers to a double-edged sword, which is sharpened on both sides to cut both directions. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md)
REV	02	13	ryn6	figs-metonymy		0	Satan's throne	Possible meanings are 1) Satan's power and evil influence on people, or 2) the place where Satan rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	02	13	tf7c	figs-metaphor		0	you hold on tightly to my name	"Name" here is a metonym for the person. Firmly believing is spoken of as holding on tightly. Alternate translation: "you firmly believe in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	02	13	x6j6	figs-abstractnouns		0	you did not deny your faith in me	"Faith" can be translated with the verb "believe." AT "you continued to tell people that you believe in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
REV	02	13	lu4b	translate-names		0	Antipas	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
REV	02	14	wu6n			0	But I have a few things against you	"I disapprove of you because of a few things you have done" or "I am angry with you because of a few things you did." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 2:4](../02/04.md).
REV	02	14	rd44	figs-metaphor		0	who hold tightly to the teaching of Balaam, who	Possible meanings are 1) "who teach what Balaam taught; he" or 2) "who do what Balaam taught; he." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	02	14	j3nc	translate-names		0	Balak	This is the name of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
REV	02	14	hg4g	figs-metaphor		0	who taught Balak to throw a stumbling block before the children of Israel	Something that leads people to sin is spoken of as a stone in the road that people stumble on. Alternate translation: "who showed Balak how to cause the people of Israel to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	02	14	u19f			0	be sexually immoral	"sin sexually" or "commit sexual sin"
REV	02	15	hc85	translate-names		0	Nicolaitans	This was the name for a group of people who followed the teachings of a man named Nicolaus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:6](../02/06.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
REV	02	16	rwa4			0	Repent, therefore	"So repent"
REV	02	16	f8dy	figs-ellipsis		0	If you do not, I	The verb can be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "If you do not repent, I" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
REV	02	16	fd6u			0	wage war against them	"fight against them"
REV	02	16	j52q	writing-symlanguage		0	with the sword in my mouth	This refers to the sword in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md). Although symbols in apocalyptic language are not normally to be replaced with the item they represent, translators may choose whether or not to show that this as a symbol represents God's word, as the UST does. This symbol indicates that Christ will defeat his enemies by giving a simple command. Alternate translation: "with the sword in my mouth, which is the word of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	02	17	lm1j	figs-metonymy		0	Let the one who has an ear, hear	Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase "has an ear" here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen to" or "The one who is willing to understand, let him understand and obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	02	17	m867	figs-123person		0	Let the one ... hear	Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: "If you are willing to listen, listen to" or "If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
REV	02	17	i61b	figs-genericnoun		0	To the one who conquers	This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: "anyone who resists evil" or "those who do not agree to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
REV	02	18	b83m			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Thyatira.
REV	02	18	nd4m			0	the angel	Possible meanings are that this "angel" is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated "angel" in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
REV	02	18	kd5v	translate-names		0	Thyatira	This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
REV	02	18	q3w9	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Son of God	This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
REV	02	18	zbx5	figs-simile		0	who has eyes like a flame of fire	His eyes are describes as being full of light like a flame of fire. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: "whose eyes glow like a flame of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	02	18	p86i	figs-simile		0	feet like polished bronze	Bronze is polished to make it shine and reflect light. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:15](../01/15.md). Alternate translation: "whose feet are very shiny like polished bronze" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	02	19	bx33	figs-abstractnouns		0	your love and faith and service and your patient endurance	The abstract nouns "love," "faith," "service," and "endurance" can be translated with verbs. Alternate translation: "How you have loved, trusted, served, and endured patiently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
REV	02	19	y2mu	figs-explicit		0	your love and faith and service and your patient endurance	The implied objects of these verbs can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "How you have loved me and others, trusted me, served me and others, and endured troubles patiently" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	02	20	wbu1			0	But I have this against you	"But I disapprove of some of the things you are doing" or "But I am angry with you because of something you are doing." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 2:4](../02/04.md).
REV	02	20	f6e8	figs-metaphor		0	the woman Jezebel, who	Jesus spoke of a certain woman in their church as if she were Queen Jezebel, because she did the same kinds of sinful things that Queen Jezebel had done long before that time. Alternate translation: "the woman who is just like Jezebel and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	02	21	g7yh			0	I gave her time to repent	"I gave her opportunity to repent" or "I waited for her to repent"
REV	02	22	twa2	figs-metonymy		0	I will throw her onto a sickbed ... into great suffering	Her having to lie in bed would be the result of Jesus making her very sick. Alternate translation: "I will make her lie sick in bed ... I will make suffer greatly" or "I will make her very sick ... I will make suffer greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	02	22	lj36	figs-metaphor		0	those who commit adultery with her into great suffering	Jesus speaks of causing people to suffer as throwing them into suffering. Alternate translation: "I will make those who commit adultery with her to suffer greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	02	22	h8fz			0	commit adultery	"practice adultery"
REV	02	22	g53b	figs-explicit		0	unless they repent of her deeds	This implies that they have participated with her in her wicked behavior. By repenting of her deeds, they also repent of participating in her behavior. Alternate translation: "if they do not repent from doing the evil that she does" or "if they do not repent of participating in her deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	02	23	kx34			0	I will strike her children dead	"I will kill her children"
REV	02	23	cn5s	figs-metaphor		0	her children	Jesus spoke of her followers as if they were her children. Alternate translation: 'her followers" or "the people who do what she teaches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	02	23	zm6t	figs-metonymy		0	thoughts and hearts	The term "heart" a metonym that represents feelings and desires. Alternate translation: "what people think and want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	02	23	bgs9	figs-idiom		0	I will give to each one of you	This is an expression about punishment and reward. Alternate translation: "I will punish or reward each one of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
REV	02	24	tli6	figs-metaphor		0	everyone who does not hold this teaching	Believing a teaching is spoken of as holding the teaching. Alternate translation: "everyone who does not believe this teaching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	02	24	scu6			0	does not hold this teaching	The noun "teaching" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "does not hold to what she teaches" or "does not believe what she teaches"
REV	02	24	d5i9	figs-metaphor		0	deep things	Secret things are spoken of as if they were deep. Alternate translation: "secret things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	02	26	z5xi	figs-genericnoun		0	The one who conquers	This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: "Anyone who resists evil" or "The person who does not agree to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
REV	02	27	c9gu			0	He will rule ... break them into pieces	This is a prophecy from the Old Testament about a king of Israel, but Jesus applied it here to those to whom he gives authority over the nations.
REV	02	27	w8pp	figs-metaphor		0	He will rule them with an iron rod	Ruling harshly is spoken of as ruling with an iron rod. Alternate translation: "He will rule them harshly as if striking them with an iron stick" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	02	27	ksl1	figs-simile		0	like clay jars he will break them into pieces	Breaking them to pieces is an image that represents either 1) destroying evildoers or 2) defeating enemies. Alternate translation: "He will defeat his enemies completely as if breaking clay jars into pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	02	28	n9ts	figs-explicit		0	Just as I have received from my Father	Some languages may need to tell what was received. Possible meanings are 1) "Just as I have received authority from my Father" or 2) "Just as I have received the morning star from my Father." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	02	28	hr39	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	my Father	This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
REV	02	28	c1zc			0	I will also give him	Here "him" refers to the one who conquers.
REV	02	28	g5iy	writing-symlanguage		0	morning star	This is a bright star that sometimes appears early in the morning just before dawn. It was a symbol of victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	02	29	ilk8	figs-metonymy		0	Let the one who has an ear, hear	Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase "has an ear" here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen to" or "The one who is willing to understand, let him understand and obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	02	29	ikm8	figs-123person		0	Let the one ... hear	Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: "If you are willing to listen, listen to" or "If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
REV	03	intro	q1l9	Revelation 03 General Notes		0		# Revelation 03 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapters 2 and 3 together are usually called the "seven letters to the seven churches." You may wish to set each letter apart. The reader can then easily see that they are separate letters.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verse 7.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Seven spirits of God<br><br>These spirits are the seven spirits of [Revelation 1:4](../../rev/01/04.md).<br><br>##### Seven stars<br><br>These stars are the seven stars of [Revelation 1:20](../../rev/01/20.md).<br><br>#### Important metaphors in this chapter<br><br>##### Look, I am standing at the door and am knocking<br><br>Jesus speaks of his desire to have the Christians in Laodicea obey him as if he were a man asking people in a house to allow him to enter and eat with them ([Revelation 3:20](../../rev/03/20.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>##### "Let the one who has an ear, hear what the Spirit is saying to the churches"<br><br>The speaker knew that almost all of his readers had physical ears. The ear here is a metonym for hearing what God says and desiring to obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "The angel of the church"<br><br>The word "angel" here can also mean "messenger." This might refer to the messenger or leader of the church. See how you translated "angel" in [Revelation 1:20](../../rev/01/20.md).<br><br>##### "The words of the one who"<br><br>The verses with these words can be difficult to translate. They do not make complete sentences. You may need to add "These are" to the beginning of these verses. Also, Jesus used these words to speak of himself as if he were speaking of another person. Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking of other people. Jesus began speaking in [Revelation 1:17](../../rev/01/17.md). He continues to speak through the end of Chapter 3.<br>
REV	03	01	k6b7			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Sardis.
REV	03	01	u1zs			0	the angel	Possible meanings are that this "angel" is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated "angel" in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md).
REV	03	01	q7n9	translate-names		0	Sardis	This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
REV	03	01	un3c	writing-symlanguage		0	the seven spirits	The number seven is a symbol of completeness and perfection. The "seven spirits" refers either to the Spirit of God or to seven spirits who serve God. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	03	01	t8wv	writing-symlanguage		0	the seven stars	These stars are symbols that represent the seven angels of the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	03	01	ty18	figs-metaphor		0	alive ... dead	Obeying and honoring God is spoken of as being alive; disobeying and dishonoring him is spoken of as being dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	03	02	d8cw	figs-metaphor		0	Wake up and strengthen what remains, but is about to die	The good deeds done by the believers in Sardis are spoken of as if they were alive but in danger of dying. Alternate translation: "Wake up and complete the work that remains, or what you have done will become worthless" or "Wake up. If you do not finish what you have started to do, your previous work will have been useless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	03	02	l7qg	figs-metaphor		0	Wake up	Being alert to danger is spoken of as waking up. Alternate translation: "Be alert" or "Be careful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	03	03	wcs4	figs-explicit		0	what you have received and heard	This refers to God's word, which they believed. Alternate translation: "God's word that you heard and the truth that you believed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	03	03	gwk8	figs-metaphor		0	if you do not wake up	Being alert to danger is spoken of as waking up. See how you translated "wake up" on [Revelation 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: "If you are not alert" or "If you are not careful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	03	03	ypw4	figs-simile		0	I will come as a thief	Jesus will come at a time when people do not expect him, just as a thief comes when not expected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	03	04	fy7f	figs-metonymy		0	a few names	The word "names" is a metonym for the people themselves. Alternate translation: "a few people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	03	04	x2if	figs-metaphor		0	have not stained their clothes	Jesus speaks of sin in a person's life as if it were dirty clothes. Alternate translation: "have not made their lives sinful like dirty clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	03	04	x48r	figs-metaphor		0	will walk with me	People commonly spoke of living as "walking." Alternate translation: "will live with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	03	04	w5t9	figs-metaphor		0	dressed in white	White clothes represent a pure life without sin. Alternate translation: "and they will be dressed in white, which shows that they are pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	03	05	v69e	figs-genericnoun		0	The one who conquers	This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: "Anyone who resists evil" or "Anyone who does not agree to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
REV	03	05	w5k4	figs-activepassive		0	will be clothed in white garments	This can be translated with an active verb. Alternate translation: "will wear white garments" or "I will give white clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	03	05	yyu5	figs-metonymy		0	I will confess his name	He would announce that the person belongs to him, not simply say the person's name. Alternate translation: "I will announce that he belongs to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	03	05	d7l5			0	before my Father	"in the presence of my Father"
REV	03	05	bi3h	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	my Father	This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
REV	03	06	zxc7	figs-metonymy		0	Let the one who has an ear, hear	Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase "has an ear" here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen to" or "The one who is willing to understand, let him understand and obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	03	06	k2k6	figs-123person		0	Let the one ... hear	Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: "If you are willing to listen, listen to" or "If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
REV	03	07	rf9b			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Philadelphia.
REV	03	07	ksg4			0	the angel	Possible meanings are that this "angel" is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated "angel" in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
REV	03	07	mm6x	translate-names		0	Philadelphia	This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
REV	03	07	ih6i	writing-symlanguage		0	key of David	Jesus speaks of his authority to decide who may go into his kingdom as if it were King David's key. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	03	07	aam6			0	he opens and no one shuts	"he opens the door to the kingdom and no one can close it"
REV	03	07	pzy2			0	he shuts and no one can open	"he closes the door and no one can open it"
REV	03	08	j1x7			0	I have put before you an open door	"I have opened a door for you"
REV	03	08	xyw6			0	you have obeyed my word	Possible meanings are 1) "you have followed by teachings" or 2) "you have obeyed my commands"
REV	03	08	b3kz	figs-metonymy		0	my name	The word "name" here is is a metonym for the person who has that name. Alternate translation: "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	03	09	x78m	figs-metaphor		0	synagogue of Satan	People who gather to obey or honor Satan are spoken of as if they were in a synagogue, a place of worship and teaching for the Jews. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:9](../02/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	03	09	q496	translate-symaction		0	bow down	This is a sign of submission, not worship. Alternate translation: "bow down in submission" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
REV	03	09	ah4w	figs-synecdoche		0	before your feet	Here the word "feet" represent the person before whom these people bow down. Alternate translation: "before you" or "to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
REV	03	09	k2g5			0	they will come to know	"they will learn" or "they will admit"
REV	03	10	gv5g			0	will also keep you from the hour of testing	"will also prevent the hour of testing from happening to you" or "will protect you so you do not enter the hour of testing"
REV	03	10	ckm4			0	hour of testing	"time of testing." This probably means "the time when people try to make you disobey me."
REV	03	10	e6bw	figs-metaphor		0	is coming	Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	03	11	ih12	figs-explicit		0	I am coming soon	It is understood that he is coming in order to judge. Alternate translation: "I am coming to judge soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	03	11	n9a9	figs-metaphor		0	Hold to what you have	Continuing to believe firmly in Christ is spoken of as if it were holding something tightly. Alternate translation: "Continue to believe firmly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	03	11	a4m5	figs-metaphor		0	crown	A crown was a wreath, originally of olive branches or laurel leaves, that was put on the head of a victorious athlete. Here "crown" stands for a reward. See how you translated "crown" in [Revelation 2:10](../02/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	03	12	px36	figs-genericnoun		0	The one who conquers, I will make a pillar in the temple of my God	Here "The one who conquers" refers to anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). The "pillar" represents an important and permanent part of God's kingdom. Alternate translation: "I will make anyone who resists evil strong, like a pillar in the temple of my God" or "Those who do not agree to do evil I will make strong, like a pillar in the temple of my God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	03	13	u5jk	figs-metonymy		0	Let the one who has an ear, hear	Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase "has an ear" here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen to" or "The one who is willing to understand, let him understand and obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	03	13	ug5m	figs-123person		0	Let the one ... hear	Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: "If you are willing to listen, listen to" or "If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
REV	03	14	r6bz			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Laodicea.
REV	03	14	jg3b			0	the angel	Possible meanings are that this "angel" is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated "angel" in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
REV	03	14	wzg9	translate-names		0	Laodicea	This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
REV	03	14	f65v			0	The words of the Amen	Here "the Amen" is a name for Jesus Christ. He guarantees God's promises by saying amen to them.
REV	03	14	btv1			0	the ruler over God's creation	Possible meanings are 1) "the one who rules over everything that God created" or 2) "the one through whom God created everything."
REV	03	15	pf9x	figs-metaphor		0	you are neither cold nor hot	The writer speaks of the Laodiceans as if they were water. Possible meanings are 1) "cold" and hot" represent two extremes of spiritual interest or love for God, where "cold" is to be completely against God, and to be "hot" is to be zealous to serve him, or 2) "cold" and "hot" both refer to water that is useful for drinking or for cooking or healing, respectively. Alternate translation: "you are like water that is neither cold nor hot" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	03	16	y9vt	figs-metaphor		0	I am about to vomit you out of my mouth	Rejecting them is spoken of as vomiting them out of the mouth. Alternate translation: "I will reject you as I would spit out lukewarm water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	03	17	v1pj	figs-metaphor		0	you are most miserable, pitiable, poor, blind, and naked	Jesus speaks of their spiritual condition as if he were speaking about their physical condition. Alternate translation: "You are like people who are most miserable, pitiable, poor, blind, and naked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	03	18	tmm7			0	Buy from me gold refined by fire so that you may become rich, and brilliant white garments so you may clothe yourself and not show the shame of your nakedness, and salve to anoint your eyes so you will see	Here to "buy" represents receiving things from Jesus that have true spiritual value. The "gold refined by fire" represents spiritual wealth. The "brilliant white garments" represents rightousness. And the "salve to anoint your eyes" represents the ability to understand spiritual things. Alternate translation: "Come to me and receive spiritual wealth, which is more valuable than gold that is refined by fire. Receive from me righteousness, which is like brilliant white garments, so that you will not be ashamed. And receive from me wisdom, which is like salve for the eyes, so that you may understand spiritual things" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
REV	03	19	sf66			0	be earnest and repent	"be serious and repent"
REV	03	20	i7gy	figs-metaphor		0	I am standing at the door and am knocking	Jesus speaks about wanting people to relate to him as if he wanted them to invite him into their home. Alternate translation: "I am like one standing at the door and knocking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	03	20	sr5y	translate-symaction		0	am knocking	When people want someone to welcome them into their home, they knock on the door. Alternate translation: "I want you to let me come inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
REV	03	20	m6n2	figs-metonymy		0	hears my voice	The phrase "my voice" refers to Christ speaking. Alternate translation: "hears me speak" or "hears me call" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	03	20	di8q	figs-go		0	I will come into his home	Some languages might prefer the verb "go" here. Alternate translation: "I will go in to his home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
REV	03	20	une1	figs-metaphor		0	and will eat with him	This represents being together as friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	03	21	h9pf	Connecting Statement:		0		This is the end of the Son of Man's messages to the angels of the seven churches.
REV	03	21	n83q	figs-genericnoun		0	The one who conquers	This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: "Anyone who resists evil" or "Anyone who does not agree to do evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
REV	03	21	mn2c	figs-metonymy		0	to sit down with me on my throne	To sit on a throne means to rule. Alternate translation: "to rule with me" or "to sit down on my throne and rule with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	03	21	un17	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	my Father	This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
REV	03	22	m13x	figs-metonymy		0	Let the one who has an ear, hear	Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase "has an ear" here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen to" or "The one who is willing to understand, let him understand and obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	03	22	mjv6	figs-123person		0	Let the one ... hear	Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: "If you are willing to listen, listen to" or "If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
REV	04	intro	cl9f	Revelation 04 General Notes		0		# Revelation 04 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 8 and 11.<br><br>John has finished describing the letters to the churches. He now begins to describe a vision that God showed him.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Jasper, carnelian, and emerald<br><br>These words refer to kinds of special stones that the people in John's day considered valuable. It may be difficult for you to translate these words if people in your culture do not value special kinds of stones.<br><br>##### Twenty-four elders<br><br>Elders are church leaders. Twenty-four elders may be symbolic of the whole church through the ages. There were twelve tribes in Old Testament Israel and twelve apostles in the New Testament church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>##### Seven spirits of God<br><br>These spirits are the seven spirits of [Revelation 1:4](../../rev/01/04.md).<br><br>##### Giving glory to God<br><br>God's glory is the great beauty and radiant majesty that God has because he is God. Other Bible writers describe it as if it were a light so bright that no one can look at it. No one can give God this kind of glory, because it is already his. When people give glory to God or when God receives glory, people say that God has the glory that is his, that it is right for God to have that glory, and that people should worship God because he has that glory. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/worthy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/worship]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Difficult images<br><br>Such things as bolts of lightning coming from the throne, lamps that are spirits, and a sea in front of the throne may be difficult to imagine, and so the words for them may be difficult to translate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br>
REV	04	01	ws2q			0	General Information:	John begins to describe his vision of the throne of God.
REV	04	01	vh4i			0	After these things	"After I had just seen these things" ([Revelation 2:1-3:22](../02/01.md))
REV	04	01	z8r8	figs-metaphor		0	an open door in heaven	This expression stands for the ability that God gave John to see into heaven, at least by means of a vision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	04	01	a49s	figs-simile		0	speaking to me like a trumpet	How the voice was like a trumpet can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "speaking to me loudly like the sound of a trumpet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	04	01	j713			0	trumpet	This refers to an instrument for producing music or for calling people to gather together for an announcement or meeting. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:10](../01/10.md).
REV	04	02	ie3w	figs-idiom		0	I was in the Spirit	John speaks of being influenced by God's Spirit as if he were in the Spirit. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:10](../01/10.md). Alternate translation: "I was influenced by the Spirit" or "The Spirit influenced me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
REV	04	03	m4mi	translate-unknown		0	jasper and carnelian	These are valuable stones. Jasper may have been clear like glass or crystal, and carnelian may have been red. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
REV	04	03	aap1	translate-unknown		0	emerald	a green, valuable stone (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
REV	04	04	u2b2	translate-numbers		0	twenty-four elders	"24 elders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV	04	04	ivw8			0	golden crowns	These were likenesses of wreaths of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. Such crowns, made of leaves, were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads.
REV	04	05	ryb1			0	flashes of lightning	Use your language's way of describing what lightning looks like each time it appears.
REV	04	05	u1da			0	rumblings, and crashes of thunder	These are the loud noises that thunder makes. Use your language's way of describing the sound of thunder.
REV	04	05	e1jm	writing-symlanguage		0	seven spirits of God	The number seven is a symbol of completeness and perfection. The "seven spirits" refers either to the Spirit of God or to seven spirits who serve God. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	04	06	ja33	figs-metaphor		0	a sea of glass	How it was like glass or a sea can be stated clearly. Possible meanings are 1) a sea is spoken of as if it were glass. Alternate translation: "a sea that was as smooth as glass" or 2) glass if spoken of as if it were a sea. Alternate translation: "glass that was spread out like a sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	04	06	cv9p	figs-simile		0	like crystal	How it was like crystal can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "clear as crystal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	04	06	fr7x			0	In the middle of the throne and around the throne	"Immediately around the throne" or "Close to the throne and around it"
REV	04	06	b66k			0	four living creatures	"four living beings" or "four living things"
REV	04	07	d84n	figs-simile		0	The first living creature was like a lion, the second living creature was like a calf, the third living creature had a face like a man, and the fourth living creature was like a flying eagle	How the head of each living creature appeared to John is expressed as a comparison with something more familiar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	04	07	b9tx			0	living creature	"living being" or "living thing." See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md)
REV	04	08	n8g2			0	full of eyes on top and underneath	The top and bottom of each wing was covered with eyes.
REV	04	08	y1u5	figs-metaphor		0	who is to come	Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	04	09	xj6b			0	the one who sits on the throne, the one who lives forever and ever	This is one person. The one who sits on the throne lives forever and ever.
REV	04	09	a19z	figs-doublet		0	forever and ever	These two words mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. Alternate translation: "for all eternity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
REV	04	10	cmj9	translate-numbers		0	twenty-four elders	"24 elders." See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV	04	10	c2vg			0	fall down	They purposely lie down facing the ground to show that they are worshiping.
REV	04	10	sly8	translate-symaction		0	They lay their crowns before the throne	These crowns looked like wreaths of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. The elders were respectfully placing the crowns on the ground, showing that they were submitting to God's authority to rule. Alternate translation: "they lay their crowns before the throne to show that they were submitting to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
REV	04	10	wvf9			0	lay	Possible meanings are 1) to place or 2) to throw down forcibly, as of something worthless ("throw," [Revelation 2:22](../02/22.md)). The reader should understand that the elders are acting respectfully.
REV	04	11	idj1			0	our Lord and our God	"our Lord and God." This is one person, the one who was sitting on the throne.
REV	04	11	q91l	figs-metonymy		0	to receive glory and honor and power	These are things that God always has. Being praised for having them is spoken of as receiving them. Alternate translation: "to be praised for your glory, honor, and power" or "for everyone to praise you because you are glorious, honorable, and powerful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	05	intro	g7ey	Revelation 05 General Notes		0		# Revelation 05 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this in verses 9-13.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Sealed scroll<br><br>Kings and important people in John's time wrote important documents on large pieces of paper or animal skin. They then rolled them up and sealed them with wax so they would stay closed. Only the person to whom the document was written had the authority to open it by breaking the seal. In this chapter, "the one who was seated on the throne" had written the scroll. Only the person called "the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David" and "the Lamb" had the authority to open it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/scroll]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/authority]])<br><br>##### Twenty-four elders<br><br>Elders are church leaders. Twenty-four elders may be symbolic of the whole church through the ages. There were twelve tribes in Old Testament Israel and twelve apostles in the New Testament church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>##### Christian prayers<br><br>The prayers of Christians are described as incense. Christian prayers have a good smell to God. He is pleased when Christians pray.<br><br>##### Seven spirits of God<br><br>These spirits are the seven spirits of [Revelation 1:4](../../rev/01/04.md).<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Metaphors<br><br>The "Lion of the tribe of Judah" and the "Root of David" are metaphors that refer to Jesus. Jesus descended from the tribe of Judah and the family of David. Lions are fierce, and all animals and people are afraid of them, so they are a metaphor for a king whom everyone obeys. The words "Root of David" speak of Israel's King David as if he were a seed that God had planted and of Jesus as if he were a root growing from that seed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
REV	05	01	txr5	Connecting Statement:		0		John continues to describe what he saw in his vision of the throne of God.
REV	05	01	w3yi			0	Then I saw	"After I saw those things, I saw"
REV	05	01	u3br			0	the one who was seated on the throne	This is the same "one" as in [Revelation 4:2-3](../04/02.md).
REV	05	01	yhm3			0	a scroll written on the front and on the back	"a scroll with writing on the front and the back"
REV	05	01	aj7m			0	sealed with seven seals	"and it had seven seals keeping it closed"
REV	05	02	r2vt	figs-events		0	Who is worthy to open the scroll and break its seals?	The person would need to break the seals in order to open the scroll. Alternate translation: "Who is worthy to break the seals and open the scroll?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
REV	05	02	v4r4	figs-rquestion		0	Who is worthy to open the scroll and break its seals?	This can be translated as a command: "The one who is worthy to do this should come to break the seals and open the scroll!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
REV	05	03	lj9u	figs-merism		0	in heaven or on the earth or under the earth	This means everywhere: the place where God and the angels live, the place where people and animals live, and the place where those who have died are. Alternate translation: "anywhere in heaven or on the earth or under the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV	05	05	dm5p			0	Look	"Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you"
REV	05	05	j67w			0	The Lion of the tribe of Judah	This is a title for the man from the tribe of Judah that God had promised would be the great king. Alternate translation: "The one who is called the Lion of the tribe of Judah" or "The king who is called the Lion of the tribe of Judah"
REV	05	05	b6wg	figs-metaphor		0	The Lion	The king is spoken of as if he were a lion because a lion is very strong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	05	05	i89j			0	the Root of David	This is a title for the descendant of David that God had promised would be the great king. Alternate translation: "the one who is called the Root of David"
REV	05	05	z3vw	figs-metaphor		0	the Root of David	The descendant is spoken of as if David's family were a tree and he were a root of that tree. Alternate translation: "the Descendant of David" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	05	06	v99j	writing-participants		0	General Information:	The Lamb appears in the throne room. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
REV	05	06	du51	writing-symlanguage		0	a Lamb	A "lamb" is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	05	06	erg2	writing-symlanguage		0	seven spirits of God	The number seven is a symbol of completeness and perfection. The "seven spirits" refers either to the Spirit of God or to seven spirits who serve God. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	05	06	t7d1	figs-activepassive		0	sent out into all the earth	This can be translated with an active verb. Alternate translation: "which God sent out over all the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	05	07	egp6	figs-go		0	He went	He approached the throne. Some languages would use the verb "come." Alternate translation: "He came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
REV	05	08	e3fh	writing-symlanguage		0	the Lamb	This is a young male sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	05	08	cgs1	translate-numbers		0	twenty-four elders	"24 elders." See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV	05	08	ff8y			0	fell down	"lay down on the ground." Their faces were toward the ground to show that they were worshiping the Lamb. They did this on purpose; they did not fall accidentally.
REV	05	08	uv6w			0	Each of them	Possible meanings are 1) "each of the elders and living creatures" or 2) "each of the elders."
REV	05	08	qak6	writing-symlanguage		0	a golden bowl full of incense, which are the prayers of the saints	The incense here is a symbol for the believers' prayers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	05	09	yu7h	figs-activepassive		0	For you were slaughtered	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "For they slaughtered you" or "For people killed you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	05	09	j1jn			0	slaughtered	If your language has a word for killing an animal for a sacrifice, consider using it here.
REV	05	09	qtv5	figs-metonymy		0	with your blood	Since blood represents a person's life, losing the blood represents dying. This probably means "by your death" or "by dying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	05	09	k8re			0	you purchased people for God	"you bought people so that they could belong to God" or "you paid the price so that people could belong to God"
REV	05	09	zzc7			0	from every tribe, language, people, and nation	This means that people from every ethnic group are included.
REV	05	11	xuy1	translate-numbers		0	ten thousands of ten thousands and thousands of thousands	Use an expression in your language that shows that it is a huge number. Alternate translation: "millions" or "too many thousands to count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV	05	12	gnv1			0	Worthy is the Lamb who has been slaughtered	"The Lamb who has been slaughtered is worthy"
REV	05	12	mt28	figs-metonymy		0	to receive power, wealth, wisdom, strength, honor, glory, and praise	These are all things that the Lamb has. Being praised for having them is spoken of as receiving them. This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns. See how you translated a similar sentence in [Revelation 4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate translation: "for everyone to honor, glorify, and praise him because he is powerful, wealthy, wise, and strong" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
REV	05	13	sad6	figs-merism		0	in heaven and on the earth and under the earth	This means everywhere: the place where God and the angels live, the place where people and animals live, and the place where those who have died are. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:3](../05/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV	05	13	t3zy			0	To the one who sits on the throne and to the Lamb be	"May he who sits on the throne and the Lamb have"
REV	06	intro	zkn7	Revelation 06 General Notes		0		# Revelation 06 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>The author describes what happened after the Lamb opens each of the first six seals. The Lamb does not open the seventh seal until Chapter 8.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Seven Seals<br>Kings and important people in John's time wrote important documents on large pieces of paper or animal skin.  They then rolled them up and sealed them with wax so they would stay closed. Only the person to whom the document was written had the authority to open it by breaking the seal. In this chapter, the Lamb opens the seals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>##### The Four Horsemen<br>As the Lamb opens each of the first four seals, the author describes horsemen riding different colored horses. The colors of the horses seem to symbolize how the rider will affect the earth.<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### The Lamb<br>This refers to Jesus. In this chapter, it is also a title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lamb]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>##### Similes<br>In verses 12-14, the author uses several similes to try to describe the images he sees in the vision. He compares the images to everyday things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br>
REV	06	01	i392	Connecting Statement:		0		John continues to describe the events that happened before the throne of God. The Lamb begins to open the seals on the scroll.
REV	06	01	be7p			0	Come!	This is a command to one person, apparently the rider of the white horse who is spoken of in verse 2.
REV	06	02	t2qg	figs-activepassive		0	he was given a crown	This kind of crown was a likeness of wreaths of olive branches or laurel leaves, probably hammered out in gold. Examples actually made of leaves were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads. This can be translated with an active verb. Alternate translation: "he received a crown" or "God gave him a crown (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	06	02	r5mh			0	a crown	This was a wreath of olive branches or of laurel leaves like the wreaths that winning athletes received in contests at the time of John.
REV	06	03	bs66	translate-ordinal		0	the second seal	"the next seal" or "seal number two" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
REV	06	03	i1p4	translate-ordinal		0	the second living creature	"the next living creature" or "living creature number two" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
REV	06	04	qg8s			0	came out—fiery red	This can the stated as a second sentence. Alternate translation: "came out. It was red like fire" or "came out. It was bright red"
REV	06	04	w57m	figs-activepassive		0	To its rider was given permission	This can be stated with an active verb. Alternate translation: "God gave permission to its rider" or "Its rider received person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	06	04	je64	figs-activepassive		0	This rider was given a huge sword	This can be stated with an active verb. Alternate translation: "This rider received a huge sword" or "God gave this rider a huge sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	06	04	n58n			0	a huge sword	"a very large sword" or "a great sword"
REV	06	05	v4us	translate-ordinal		0	the third seal	"the next seal" or "seal number three" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
REV	06	05	zec1	translate-ordinal		0	the third living creature	"the next living creature" or "living creature number three" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
REV	06	05	rm4y			0	a pair of scales	a tool used for weighing things
REV	06	06	cq7h			0	A choenix of wheat for one denarius	Some languages might want a verb such as "cost" or "buy" in the sentence. There was very little wheat for all the people, so its price was very high. Alternate translation: "A choenix of wheat now costs one denarius" or "Buy a choenix of wheat with one denarius"
REV	06	06	b5rr	translate-bvolume		0	A choenix of wheat ... three choenices of barley	a "choenix" was a specific measure that was about one liter. The plural of "choenix" is "choenices." Alternate translation: "one liter of wheat ... three liters of barley" or "one bowl of wheat ... three bowls of barley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
REV	06	06	v3sn	translate-bmoney		0	one denarius	This coin was worth a day's wages. Alternate translation: "one silver coin" or "the pay for one day of work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
REV	06	06	ej1v			0	But do not harm the oil and the wine	If the oil and wine were harmed, there would be less of them for people to buy, and their prices would go up.
REV	06	06	c5ik	figs-metonymy		0	the oil and the wine	These expressions probably stand for the olive oil harvest and the grape harvest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	06	07	mu5f	translate-ordinal		0	the fourth seal	"the next seal" or "seal number four" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
REV	06	07	zj87	translate-ordinal		0	the fourth living creature	"the next living creature" or "living creature number four" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
REV	06	08	e11y			0	pale horse	"grey horse." This is the color of a dead body, so its color is a symbol of death.
REV	06	08	df32	figs-metonymy		0	one-fourth of the earth	Here "the earth" represents the people of the earth. Alternate translation: "one-fourth of the people on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
REV	06	08	tjw8	figs-metonymy		0	the sword	A sword is a weapon, and here it represents war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	06	08	n9x3			0	with the wild animals of the earth	This means that Death and Hades would cause the wild animals to attack and kill people.
REV	06	09	bv8r	translate-ordinal		0	the fifth seal	"the next seal" or "seal number five" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
REV	06	09	n3mi			0	under the altar	This may have been "at the base of the altar."
REV	06	09	b2kp	figs-activepassive		0	those who had been killed	This can be translated with an active verb. AT "those whom others had killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	06	09	y8c6	figs-metaphor		0	because of the word of God and the testimony which they held	Here "Word of God" is a metonym for the message from God and "held" is a metaphor. Possible meanings are 1) holding the testimony refers to believing God's word and testimony. Alternate translation: "because of the teachings of scripture and what they taught about Jesus Christ" or "because they believed the word of God, which is his testimony" or 2) holding the testimony refers to testifying about the word of God. Alternate translation: "because they testified about the word of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	06	10	qz1i	figs-metonymy		0	avenge our blood	The word blood here represents their deaths. Alternate translation: "punish those who killed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	06	11	bq1p	figs-rquestion		0	until the full number of their fellow servants and their brothers was reached who were to be killed, just as they had been killed	This implies that God had decided that a certain number of people should be killed by their enemies. This can be translated in an active form. Alternate translation: "until people had killed the full number of their fellow servants ... sisters whom God had decided people would kill, just as people had killed their fellow servants ... sisters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
REV	06	11	q9xh			0	their fellow servants and their brothers	This is one group of people described in two ways: as servants and as brothers. Alternate translation: "their brothers who serve God with them" or "their fellow believers who serve God with them"
REV	06	11	p615	figs-metaphor		0	brothers	Christians are often spoken of as being one another's brothers. Females were among those spoken of here. Alternate translation: "fellow Christians" or "fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	06	12	z9qm	translate-ordinal		0	the sixth seal	"the next seal" or "seal number six" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
REV	06	12	xu8l	figs-simile		0	as black as sackcloth	Sometimes sackcloth was made of black hair. People would wear sackcloth when they were mourning. The image of sackcloth is meant to lead people to think of death and mourning. Alternate translation: "as black as mourning clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	06	12	g7rt	figs-simile		0	like blood	The image of blood is meant to lead people to think of death. How it was like blood can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "red like blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	06	13	s137	figs-activepassive		0	just as a fig tree drops its unripe fruit when shaken by a stormy wind	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "just as a stormy wind shakes a fig tree and causes it to drop its unripe fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	06	14	jyb7	figs-simile		0	The sky vanished like a scroll that was being rolled up	The sky was normally thought of as being strong like a sheet of metal, but now it was weak like a sheet of paper and easily torn and rolled up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	06	15	m6j6			0	the generals	This word refers to the warriors who command in the battle.
REV	06	15	vl6h			0	caves	large holes in the sides of hills
REV	06	16	f4bj	figs-metonymy		0	the face of the one	Here "face" represents "presence." Alternate translation: "the presence of the one" or "the one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	06	17	bd8v	figs-metonymy		0	the great day of their wrath has come	The day of their wrath refers to the time when they would punish wicked people. Alternate translation: "this is the terrible time when they will punish people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	06	17	i7t4	figs-metaphor		0	has come	Existing now is spoken of as having come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	06	17	cq9e			0	their wrath	"Their" refers to the one on the throne and the Lamb.
REV	06	17	r1ta	figs-metonymy		0	Who is able to stand?	Surviving, or staying alive, is spoken of as standing. This question is used to express their great sadness and fear that no one will be able to survive when God punishes them. Alternate translation: "No one can survive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
REV	07	intro	f27i	Revelation 07 General Notes		0		# Revelation 07 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Scholars have interpreted parts of this chapter in many different ways. Translators do not need to fully understand what this chapter means to accurately translate its contents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>It is important to accurately translate the large numbers in this chapter. The number 144,000 is twelve times twelve thousand.<br><br>Translators should be aware that the tribes of the people of Israel are not listed in this chapter the same as they are generally listed in the Old Testament.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 5-8 and 15-17.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Worship<br>God saves his people and keeps them through times of trouble. His people respond by worshipping him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/worship]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### The Lamb<br>This refers to Jesus. In this chapter, it is also a title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
REV	07	01	b1yl			0	General Information:	John begins to describe a vision of 144,000 servants of God who become marked with seals. Their marking takes place after the Lamb opens the sixth seal and before he opens the seventh seal.
REV	07	01	id3y			0	the four corners of the earth	The earth is spoken of as if it were flat and square like a sheet of paper. The phrase "the four corners" refers to the north, south, east, and west.
REV	07	02	sgq7	figs-metonymy		0	the seal of the living God	The word "seal" here refers to a tool that is used to press a mark onto a wax seal. In this case the tool would be used to put a mark on God's people. Alternate translation: "the marker" or "stamp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	07	03	upb7	figs-metonymy		0	put a seal on the foreheads	The word "seal" here refers to a mark. This mark shows that the people belong to God and that he will protect them. Alternate translation: "put a mark on the foreheads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	07	03	je8m			0	foreheads	The forehead is the top of the face, above the eyes.
REV	07	04	m58v	figs-activepassive		0	those who were sealed	This can be stated with an active verb. Alternate translation: "those whom God's angel marked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	07	04	lh7h	translate-numbers		0	144,000	"one hundred forty-four thousand people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
REV	07	05	lyz8	translate-numbers		0	twelve thousand from the tribe	"12,000 people from the tribe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV	07	07	ru7t	Connecting Statement:		0		This continues the list of the people of Israel who were sealed.
REV	07	09	cj5k			0	General Information:	John begins to describe a second vision about a multitude praising God. This vision also takes place after the Lamb opens the sixth seal and before he opens the seventh seal.
REV	07	09	au1m			0	a huge multitude	"a huge crowd" or "a great number of people"
REV	07	09	v63z			0	white robes	Here the color "white" represents purity.
REV	07	10	m5az			0	Salvation belongs to	"Salvation comes from"
REV	07	10	vlv1	figs-abstractnouns		0	Salvation belongs ... to the Lamb	They were praising God and the Lamb. The noun "salvation" can be expressed with the verb "save." AT "Our God, who sits on the throne, and the Lamb have saved us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
REV	07	11	a45p			0	the four living creatures	These are the four creatures mentioned in [Revelation 4:6-8](../04/06.md).
REV	07	11	aja9	figs-idiom		0	they fell on their faces	Here "fell on their faces" is an idiom that means hey lay down facing the ground. See how you translated "prostrated themselves" in [Revelation 4:10](../04/10.md). Alternate translation: "they bowed down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
REV	07	12	lf1m			0	Praise, glory ... be to our God	"Our God is worthy of all praise, glory, wisdom, thanks, honor, power and strength"
REV	07	12	q3gt			0	Praise, glory ... thanksgiving, honor ... be to our God	The verb "give" can be used to show how praise, glory, and honor, are to be "to" God. Alternate translation: "We must give praise, glory, thanks, and honor to our God"
REV	07	12	d74f			0	forever and ever	These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the praise will never end.
REV	07	13	wz8z			0	clothed with white robes	These white robes showed that they were righteous.
REV	07	14	p6en			0	have come out of the great tribulation	"have survived the great tribulation" or "have lived through the great tribulation"
REV	07	14	u6fc			0	the great tribulation	"the time of terrible suffering" or "the time when people will suffer terribly"
REV	07	14	b7mi	figs-metaphor		0	They have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb	Being made righteous by the blood of the Lamb is spoken of as washing their robes in his blood. Alternate translation: "They have been made righteous by washing their robes white in his blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	07	14	ym21	figs-metonymy		0	the blood of the Lamb	The word "blood" is used to refer to the death of Lamb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	07	15	q73i	Connecting Statement:		0		The elder continues to speak to John.
REV	07	15	qs23			0	they ... them	These words refer to those people who have come through the great tribulation.
REV	07	15	us3i	figs-merism		0	day and night	These two parts of the day are used together to mean "all the time" or "without stopping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV	07	15	k9f2	figs-metaphor		0	will spread his tent over them	"will put his tent up over them." Protecting them is spoken of as if he were giving them shelter to live under. Alternate translation: "will shelter them" or "will protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	07	16	p6u7			0	They ... them	These words refer to those people who have come through the great tribulation.
REV	07	16	t45h	figs-metaphor		0	The sun will not beat down	The sun's heat is compared to punishment that causes people to suffer. Alternate translation: "The sun will not burn them" or "The sun will not make them weak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	07	17	wc49			0	their ... them	These words refer to those people who have come through the great tribulation.
REV	07	17	b5rp			0	the Lamb at the center of the throne	"the Lamb, who is standing in the middle of the area around the throne"
REV	07	17	bi5i	figs-metaphor		0	For the Lamb ... will be their shepherd	The elder speaks of the Lamb's care for his people as if it were a shepherd's care for his sheep. Alternate translation: "For the Lamb ... will be like a shepherd to them" or "For the Lamb ... will care for them as a shepherd cares for his sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	07	17	m6m8	figs-metaphor		0	he will guide them to springs of living water	The elder speaks of what gives life as if it were springs of fresh water. Alternate translation: "he will guide them like a shepherd guiding his sheep to fresh water" or "he will guide them to life like a shepherd guiding his sheep to living water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	07	17	g3d2	figs-metonymy		0	God will wipe away every tear from their eyes	Tears here represent sadness. Alternate translation: "God will wipe away their sadness, like wiping away tears" or "God will cause them to not be sad anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	08	intro	ma7f	Revelation 08 General Notes		0		# Revelation 08 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Seven seals and seven trumpets<br>This chapter begins to show what happens when the Lamb opens the seventh seal. God uses the prayers of all believers to cause dramatic things to happen on earth. John then describes what happens when angels sound the first four of seven trumpets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Passive voice<br>John uses the passive voice several times in this chapter. This hides who performs the action. This will be difficult to convey if the translator's language does not have a passive voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])<br><br>##### Similes<br>In verses 8 and 10, John uses similes to try to describe the images he sees in the vision. He compares the images to everyday things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br>
REV	08	01	d652	Connecting Statement:		0		The Lamb opens the seventh seal.
REV	08	01	mh2b	translate-ordinal		0	the seventh seal	This is the last of the seven seals on the scroll. Alternate translation: "the next seal" or "the final seal" or "seal number seven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
REV	08	02	fri9	figs-activepassive		0	seven trumpets were given to them	They were each given one trumpet. This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "God gave them seven trumpets" or 2) "the Lamb gave them seven trumpets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	08	03	f9g9			0	he would offer it	"he would offer the incense to God by burning it"
REV	08	04	lq1q	figs-metonymy		0	the angel's hand	This refers to the bowl in the angel's hand. Alternate translation: "the bowl in the angel's hand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	08	05	l79w	figs-metonymy		0	filled it with fire	The word "fire" here probably refers to burning coals. Alternate translation: "filled it with burning coals" or "filled it with coals of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	08	06	xys5			0	General Information:	The seven angels sound the seven trumpets, one at a time.
REV	08	07	g5gp	figs-activepassive		0	It was thrown down onto the earth	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The angel threw the hail and fire mixed with blood down onto the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	08	07	ga1r	figs-activepassive		0	a third of it was burned up, a third of the trees were burned up, and all the green grass was burned up	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "it burned up a third of the earth, a third of the trees, and all the green grass" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	08	08	rnh8	translate-ordinal		0	The second angel	"The next angel" or "Angel number two" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
REV	08	08	uw2h	figs-activepassive		0	something like a great mountain burning with fire was thrown	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the angel threw something like a great mountain burning with fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	08	08	ev7g	translate-fraction		0	A third of the sea became blood	The fraction "A third" can be explained in translation. Alternate translation: "It was like the sea was divided into three parts, and one of those parts became blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
REV	08	08	k43y	figs-simile		0	became blood	Possible meanings are it 1) "became red like blood" or it 2) really became blood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	08	09	vgf4			0	the living creatures in the sea	"the things living in the sea" or "the fish and other animals that lived in the sea"
REV	08	10	n8ue	figs-simile		0	a huge star fell from the sky, blazing like a torch	"a huge star that was blazing like a torch fell from the sky." The fire of the huge star looked similar to the fire of a torch. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	08	10	int4			0	torch	a stick with one end lit on fire to provide light
REV	08	11	as2n	translate-unknown		0	The name of the star is Wormwood	Wormwood is a shrub that tastes bitter. People made medicine out of it, but they also believed that it was poisonous. Alternate translation: "The name of the star is Bitterness" or "The name of the star is Bitter Medicine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
REV	08	11	gei4	figs-metaphor		0	became wormwood	The bitter taste of the water is spoken of as if it were wormwood. Alternate translation: "became bitter like wormwood" or "became bitter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	08	11	g4q5			0	died from the waters that became bitter	"died when they drank the bitter water"
REV	08	12	z936	figs-metaphor		0	a third of the sun was struck	Causing something bad to happen to the sun is spoken of as striking, or hitting, it. This can be stated with an active verb. Alternate translation: "a third of the sun changed" or "God changed a third of the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	08	12	ukh6			0	a third of them turned dark	Possible meanings are 1) "one third of the time they were dark" or 2) "one third of the sun, one third of the moon, and one third of the stars became dark"
REV	08	12	t1ag			0	a third of the day and a third of the night had no light	"there was no light during one third of the day and one third of the night" or "they did not shine during one third of the day and one third of the night"
REV	08	13	x375	figs-activepassive		0	because of the remaining trumpet ... angels	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "because the three angels who have not yet sounded their trumpets are about to sound them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	09	intro	sq5c	Revelation 09 General Notes		0		# Revelation 09 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>In this chapter, John continues to describe what happens when angels sound seven trumpets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>##### Woe<br>John describes several "woes" in the Book of Revelation. This chapter begins to describe three "woes" announced at the end of Chapter 8.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Animal imagery<br>This chapter includes several animals: locusts, scorpions, horses, lions, and snakes. Animals convey different qualities or traits. For example, a lion is powerful and dangerous. Translators should use the same animals in their translation if possible. If the animal is unknown, one with similar qualities or traits should be used.<br><br>##### Bottomless pit<br>This image is seen several times in the Book of Revelation. It is a picture of hell as being inescapable and the opposite direction as heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]])<br><br>##### Abaddon and Apollyon<br><br>"Abaddon" is a Hebrew word. "Apollyon" is a Greek word. Both words mean "Destroyer." John used the sounds of the Hebrew word and wrote them with Greek letters. The ULT and UST write the sounds of both words with English letters. Translators are encouraged to transliterate these words using the letters of the target language. The original Greek readers would have understood "Apollyon" to mean "Destroyer." So translators may also supply what it means in the text or in a footnote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])<br><br>##### Repentance<br>Despite great signs, people are described as not repenting and so remain in their sin. People refusing to repent are also mentioned in Chapter 16. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Simile<br>John uses many similes in this chapter. They help to describe the images that he sees in his vision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br>
REV	09	01	d26c	Connecting Statement:		0		The fifth of the seven angels begins to sound his trumpet.
REV	09	01	jim6			0	I saw a star from heaven that had fallen	John saw the star after it had fallen. He did not watch if fall.
REV	09	01	v12j			0	the key to the shaft of the bottomless pit	"the key that unlocks the shaft of the bottomless pit"
REV	09	01	cjr9			0	the shaft of the bottomless pit	Possible meanings are 1) "shaft" is another way of referring to the pit and describes it as long and narrow, or 2) "shaft" refers to the opening of the pit.
REV	09	01	p886			0	the bottomless pit	This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom.
REV	09	02	tp79	figs-simile		0	like smoke from a huge furnace	A huge furnace gives off a great amount of thick, dark smoke. Alternate translation: "like the great amount of smoke that comes from a huge furnace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	09	02	nd4n			0	turned dark	"became dark"
REV	09	03	mb9m	translate-unknown		0	locusts	insects that fly together in large groups. People fear them because they can eat up all the leaves in gardens and on trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
REV	09	03	a4e7	figs-explicit		0	power like that of scorpions	Scorpions have the ability to sting and poison other animals and people. Alternate translation: "the ability to sting people as scorpions do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	09	03	mjf1	translate-unknown		0	scorpions	small insects with poisonous stingers on their tails. Their sting is extremely painful and the pain lasts a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
REV	09	04	cl6p			0	They were told not to damage the grass on the earth or any green plant or tree	Ordinary locusts were a terrible threat to people because when they swarm, they can eat up all the grass and all the leaves on plants and trees. These locusts were told not to do this.
REV	09	04	pb9q	figs-ellipsis		0	but only the people	The phrase "to damage" or "to harm" is understood. Alternate translation: "but only to harm the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
REV	09	04	gi1a	figs-metonymy		0	the seal of God	The word "seal" here refers to a tool that is used to press a mark onto a wax seal. In this case the tool would be used to put a mark on God's people. See how you translated "seal" in [Revelation 7:3](../07/03.md). Alternate translation: "the marker of God" or "stamp of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	09	04	tl6n			0	foreheads	The forehead is the top of the face, above the eyes.
REV	09	05	rui1			0	They were not given permission	"They" refers to the locusts. ([Revelation 9:3](../09/03.md))
REV	09	05	vfj7			0	those people	the people whom the locusts were stinging
REV	09	05	ii8s	figs-ellipsis		0	but only to torture them	Here the words "given permission" are understood. Alternate translation: "but only given permission to torture them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
REV	09	05	nm7q			0	to torture them for five months	The locusts would be allowed to do this for five months.
REV	09	05	a3dw			0	to torture them	"to make them suffer terrible pain"
REV	09	05	qtk9			0	the sting of a scorpion	A scorpion is a small insect with a poisonous stinger at the end of its long tail. The sting can cause severe pain or even death.
REV	09	06	p4mb	figs-abstractnouns		0	people will seek death, but will not find it	This can be restated to remove the abstract noun "death." Alternate translation: "people will try to find a way to die, but will not find it" or "people will try to kill themselves, but will not find a way to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
REV	09	06	hiq8			0	will greatly desire to die	"will want very much to die" or "will wish that they could die"
REV	09	06	f1b4	figs-personification		0	death will flee from them	John speaks of death as if it were a person or animal that could run away. Alternate translation: "they will not be able to die" or "they will not die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
REV	09	07	zh82			0	General Information:	These locusts did not look like ordinary locusts. John describes them by telling how parts of them looked like other things.
REV	09	07	s9gl			0	crowns of gold	These were likenesses of wreaths of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. Examples actually made of leaves were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads.
REV	09	10	mac3			0	They had tails	The word "They" refers to the locusts.
REV	09	10	qdc3	figs-simile		0	with stingers like scorpions	A scorpion is a small insect with a poisonous stinger at the end of its long tail. The sting can cause severe pain or even death. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 9:6](../09/06.md). Alternate translation: "with stingers like scorpion stingers" or "with stingers that could cause terrible pain as scorpion stingers can" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	09	10	lim1			0	in their tails they had power to harm people for five months	Possible meanings are 1) they had power for five months to harm people or 2) they could sting people and the people would be in pain for five months.
REV	09	11	fiu6			0	the bottomless pit	This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
REV	09	11	bkg6	translate-names		0	Abaddon ... Apollyon	Both names mean "Destroyer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
REV	09	12	ts26	figs-metaphor		0	there are still two disasters to come	Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	09	13	cyb6	Connecting Statement:		0		The sixth of the seven angels begins to sound his trumpet.
REV	09	13	x4md	figs-synecdoche		0	I heard a voice coming	The voice refers to the one who was speaking. John does not say who the speaker was, but it may have been God. Alternate translation: "I heard someone speaking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
REV	09	13	q3a3			0	horns of the golden altar	These are horn-shaped extensions at each of the four corners of the top of the altar.
REV	09	14	iq5t	figs-synecdoche		0	The voice said	The voice refers to the speaker. Alternate translation: "The speaker said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
REV	09	14	su17	figs-activepassive		0	the four angels who are bound	The text does not say who has bound the angels, but it implies that God told someone to bind them. This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: "the four angels whom God has commanded them to bind" or "the four angels whom God has commanded someone to bind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	09	15	ijx2	figs-activepassive		0	The four angels who had been prepared for ... that year, were released	This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: "The angel released the four angels who had been prepared for ... that year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	09	15	p3w1	figs-activepassive		0	The four angels who had been prepared	This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: "The four angels whom God had prepared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	09	15	b3d6	figs-parallelism		0	for that hour, that day, that month, and that year	These words are used to show that there is a specific, chosen time and not just any time. Alternate translation: "for that exact time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
REV	09	16	h8uf			0	General Information:	Suddenly, 200,000,000 soldiers on horseback appear in John's vision. John is no longer speaking about the four angels mentioned in the previous verse.
REV	09	16	ays5	translate-numbers		0	200,000,000	Some ways to express this are: "two hundred million" or "two hundred thousand thousand" or "twenty thousand times ten thousand." If your language does not have a specific number for this, you could also see how you translated a similar large number in [Revelation 5:11](../05/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV	09	17	j5n9			0	fiery red	"red like fire" or "bright red." See how you translated this in [Revelation 6:3](../06/03.md).
REV	09	17	pqe8			0	sulfurous yellow	"yellow like sulfur" or "bright yellow like sulfur"
REV	09	17	mzf7			0	out of their mouths came fire, smoke, and sulfur	"fire, smoke, and sulfur came out of their mouths"
REV	09	18	q9mp	Connecting Statement:		0		John continues to describe the horses and the plagues brought upon humanity.
REV	09	18	x4fr	translate-fraction		0	A third of the people	"One third of the people." See how you translated "A third" in [Revelation 8:7](../08/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
REV	09	20	xf3t	figs-activepassive		0	those who were not killed by these plagues	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "those whom the plagues had not killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	09	20	d3vn	figs-distinguish		0	things that cannot see, hear, or walk	This phrase reminds us that idols are not alive and do not deserve to be worshiped. But the people did not stop worshiping them. Alternate translation: "even though idols cannot see, hear, or walk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
REV	10	intro	ys3l	Revelation 10 General Notes		0		# Revelation 10 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Seven thunders<br>John here describes the seven thunders as making sounds that he could understand as words. However, translators should use their normal word for "thunder" when translating these verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>##### "The mystery of God"<br>This refers to some aspect of the hidden plan of God. It is not necessary to know what this mystery is to translate it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Simile<br>John uses similes to help him describe the face, legs, and voice of the mighty angel. Translators should understand other objects in this chapter, such as the rainbow and the cloud, with their normal meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br>
REV	10	01	xr6f			0	General Information:	John begins to describe a vision of a mighty angel holding a scroll. In John's vision he is viewing what is happening from earth. This takes place between the blowing of the sixth and seventh trumpets.
REV	10	01	jj2e	figs-metaphor		0	He was robed in a cloud	John speaks of the angel as if he were wearing a cloud as his clothing. This expression may be understood as metaphor. However, because very unusual things were often seen in visions, it might be understood as a literally true statement in its context. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	10	01	qax6	figs-simile		0	His face was like the sun	John compares the brightness of his face with the brightness of the sun. Alternate translation: "His face was bright like the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	10	01	p81x	figs-metonymy		0	his feet were like pillars of fire	The word "feet" here refers to the legs. Alternate translation: "his legs were like pillars of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	10	02	l3r8			0	He put his right foot on the sea and his left foot on the land	"He stood with his right foot on the sea and his left foot on the land"
REV	10	03	ubb9			0	Then he shouted	"Then the angel shouted"
REV	10	03	r4j6			0	the seven thunders spoke out	The thunder is described as if it were a person who could speak. Alternate translation: "the seven thunders made a loud noise" or "the thunder sounded very loudly seven times"
REV	10	03	qag8			0	seven thunders	Thunder occurring seven times is spoken of as if it were seven different "thunders."
REV	10	04	az1z	figs-synecdoche		0	but I heard a voice from heaven	The word "voice" refers to words spoken by someone other than the angel. Alternate translation: "but I heard someone speaking from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
REV	10	05	l5xy	translate-symaction		0	raised his right hand to heaven	He did this to show that he was swearing by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
REV	10	06	t2f6			0	He swore by the one who lives forever and ever	"He asked that what he was going to say would be confirmed by the one who lives forever and ever"
REV	10	06	gmm8			0	the one who lives forever and ever	Here "the one" refers to God.
REV	10	06	egm1			0	There will be no more delay	"There will be no more waiting" or "God will not delay"
REV	10	07	c5gy	figs-activepassive		0	the mystery of God will be accomplished	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will accomplish his mystery" or "God will complete his secret plan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	10	08	t61f	Connecting Statement:		0		John hears the voice from heaven, which he had heard in [Revelation 10:4](../10/04.md), speak to him again.
REV	10	08	v6a9	figs-synecdoche		0	The voice I heard from heaven	The word "voice" refers to the speaker. Alternate translation: "The one I heard speak from heaven" or "The one who had spoken to me from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
REV	10	08	tkq7			0	I heard	John heard
REV	10	09	x13b			0	He said to me	"The angel said to me"
REV	10	09	tg31			0	make ... bitter	"make ... sour" or "make ... acid." This refers to a bad taste from the stomach after eating something that is not good.
REV	10	11	ahb4	figs-metonymy		0	languages	This refers to the people who speak the languages. Alternate translation: "many language communities" or "many groups of people who speak their own languages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	11	intro	s117	Revelation 11 General Notes		0		# Revelation 11 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 15 and 17-18.<br><br>##### Woe<br><br>John describes several "woes" in the book of Revelation. This chapter describes a second and third "woe" announced at the end of Chapter 8.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Gentiles<br>The word "Gentiles" here refers to ungodly people groups and not Gentile Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>##### Two witnesses<br>Scholars have suggested many different ideas about these two witnesses. Translators do not need to understand this passage to accurately translate it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>##### Bottomless pit<br>This image is seen several times in the Book of Revelation. It is a picture of hell as being inescapable and the opposite direction as heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]])<br>
REV	11	01	ba9b			0	General Information:	John begins to describe a vision about receiving a measuring rod and two witnesses that God appointed. This vision also takes place between the blowing of the sixth and seventh trumpets.
REV	11	01	lkn6	figs-activepassive		0	A reed was given to me	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Someone gave me a reed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	11	01	tl86			0	given to me ... I was told	The words "me" and "I" refer to John.
REV	11	01	ha6e			0	those who worship in it	"count those who worship in the temple"
REV	11	02	jae6			0	trample	to treat something as worthless by walking on it
REV	11	02	b11f	translate-numbers		0	forty-two months	"42 months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV	11	03	jk7r	Connecting Statement:		0		God continues speaking to John.
REV	11	03	rib4	translate-numbers		0	for 1,260 days	"for one thousand two hundred and sixty days" or "for twelve hundred and sixty days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV	11	03	h8vh	translate-unknown		0	days, clothed in sackcloth	Why they will wear sackcloth can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "days, wearing rough mourning clothes" or "days: they will wear scratchy clothes to show that they are very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	11	04	pa44	writing-symlanguage		0	These witnesses are the two olive trees and the two lampstands that have stood before the Lord of the earth	The two olive trees and the two lampstands symbolize these people, but they are not literally the people. Alternate translation: "The two olive trees and the two lampstands that have stood before the Lord of the earth represent these witnesses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	11	04	p6mi	figs-explicit		0	the two olive trees and the two lampstands that	John expects his readers to know about them because many years earlier another prophet had written about them. Alternate translation: "the two olive trees and the two lampstands, told about in scripture, that" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	11	05	nr2s			0	fire comes out of their mouth and devours their enemies	Because this is about future events, it can also be stated in the future tense. Alternate translation: "fire will come out of their mouth and devour their enemies"
REV	11	05	ab6b	figs-metaphor		0	fire ... devours their enemies	Fire burning and killing people is spoken of as if it were an animal that could eat them up. Alternate translation: "fire ... will destroy their enemies" or "fire ... will completely burn up their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	11	06	cac1	figs-metaphor		0	to close up the sky so that no rain will fall	John speaks of the sky as if it had a door that can be opened to let rain fall or closed to stop the rain. Alternate translation: "to keep rain from falling from the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	11	06	a7ed			0	to turn	"to change"
REV	11	06	kth7	figs-metaphor		0	to strike the earth with every kind of plague	John speaks of the plagues as if they were a stick that someone could hit the earth with. Alternate translation: "to cause all kinds of trouble to occur on earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	11	07	i679			0	bottomless pit	This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
REV	11	08	r45p			0	Their bodies	This refers to the bodies of the two witnesses.
REV	11	08	p9fu			0	in the street of the great city	The city had more than one street. This was a public place where people could see them. Alternate translation: "in one of the streets of the great city" or "in the main street of the great city"
REV	11	08	iea1			0	their Lord	They served the Lord, and like him would die in that city.
REV	11	09	h3i2	translate-numbers		0	three and a half days	"3 full days and one half day" or "3.5 days" or "3 1/2 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV	11	09	bp61			0	They will not permit them to be placed in a tomb	This will be a sign of disrespect.
REV	11	10	dm89			0	will rejoice over them and celebrate	"will rejoice that the two witnesses have died"
REV	11	10	trs2	translate-symaction		0	even send gifts to one another	This action shows how happy the people were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
REV	11	10	h4pq			0	because these two prophets tormented those who lived on the earth	This is the reason that the people will be so happy that the witnesses have died.
REV	11	11	x3gn	translate-numbers		0	three and a half days	"3 full days and one half day" or "3.5 days" or "3 1/2 days." See how you translated this in [Revelation 11:9](../11/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV	11	11	al5w	figs-metaphor		0	a breath of life from God will enter them	The ability to breathe is spoken of as if it were something that can go into people. Alternate translation: "God will cause the two witnesses to breathe again and live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	11	11	u265	figs-metaphor		0	Great fear will fall on those who see them	Fear is spoken of as if it is a object that can fall on people. Alternate translation: "Those who see them will be extremely afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	11	12	f8ze			0	Then they will hear	Possible meanings are 1) the two witnesses will hear or 2) the people will hear what is said to the two witnesses.
REV	11	12	mkq9	figs-metonymy		0	a loud voice from heaven	The word "voice" refers to the one who speaks. Alternate translation: "someone speak loudly to them from heaven and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	11	12	l1x7			0	say to them	"say to the two witnesses"
REV	11	13	p56r	translate-numbers		0	Seven thousand people	"7,000 people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV	11	13	fa14			0	the survivors	"those who do not die" or "those who are still living"
REV	11	13	f4r2			0	give glory to the God of heaven	"say that the God of heaven is glorious"
REV	11	14	l7jp			0	The second woe is past	"The second terrible event is over." See how you translated "The first woe is past" in [Revelation 9:12](../09/12.md).
REV	11	14	j1m5	figs-metaphor		0	The third woe is coming quickly	Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. Alternate translation: "The third woe will happen soon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	11	15	l1be	Connecting Statement:		0		The last of the seven angels begins to sound his trumpet.
REV	11	15	sxx9	translate-ordinal		0	the seventh angel	This is the last of the seven angels. See how you translated "seventh" in [Revelation 8.1](../08/01.md). Alternate translation: "the final angel" or "angel number seven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
REV	11	15	zt2f			0	loud voices spoke in heaven and said	The phrase "loud voices" represents speakers who spoke loudly. Alternate translation: "speakers in heaven spoke loudly and said"
REV	11	15	jsm2	figs-metonymy		0	The kingdom of the world ... the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ	Here "kingdom" refers to the authority to rule the world. Alternate translation: "The authority to rule the world ... the authority that belongs to our Lord and his Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	11	15	en51	figs-metonymy		0	the world	This refers to everyone in the world. Alternate translation: "everyone in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	11	15	sw4u			0	The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ	"Our Lord and his Christ are now the rulers of the world"
REV	11	16	jv5s	translate-numbers		0	twenty-four elders	"24 elders." See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV	11	16	s2nv	figs-idiom		0	fell upon their faces	This is an idiom that means they lay down facing the ground. See how you translated "prostrated themselves" in [Revelation 4:10](../04/10.md). Alternate translation: "they bowed down"  (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
REV	11	17	dw6v	figs-distinguish		0	you, Lord God Almighty, the one who is and who was	These phrases can be stated as sentences. Alternate translation: "you, Lord God, the ruler over all. You are the one who is, and you are the one who was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
REV	11	17	fq4b			0	the one who is	"the one who exists" or "the one who lives"
REV	11	17	ea29			0	who was	"who has always existed" or "who has always lived"
REV	11	17	fe2b	figs-explicit		0	you have taken your great power	What God did with his great power can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "you have defeated with your power everyone who has rebelled against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	11	18	qw72			0	General Information:	The words "you" and "your" refer to God.
REV	11	18	kx7k	Connecting Statement:		0		The twenty-four elders continue praising God.
REV	11	18	amc2			0	were enraged	"were extremely angry"
REV	11	18	iv5k	figs-metaphor		0	your wrath has come	Existing in the present is spoken of as having come. Alternate translation: "You are ready to show your anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	11	18	v18q	figs-metaphor		0	The time has come	Existing in the present is spoken of as having come. Alternate translation: "The time is right" or "Now is the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	11	18	h833	figs-activepassive		0	for the dead to be judged	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "for God to judge the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	11	18	zk1u	figs-nominaladj		0	the dead	This nominal adjective can be stated as a verb or adjective. Alternate translation: "Those who have died" or "the dead people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
REV	11	18	k3ba	figs-metonymy		0	the prophets, those who are believers, and those who feared your name	This list explains what "your servants" means. These were not three completely different groups of people. The prophets also were believers and feared God's name. "Name" here is a metonym for the person of Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: "the prophets, those who are believers, and those who fear you" or "the prophets and the others who are believers and fear your name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	11	19	c7pd	figs-activepassive		0	Then God's temple in heaven was opened	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Then someone opened God's temple in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	11	19	d9z7	figs-activepassive		0	the ark of his covenant was seen within his temple	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I saw the ark of his covenant in his temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	11	19	b6ly			0	flashes of lightning	Use your language's way of describing what lightning looks like each time it appears. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:5](../04/05.md).
REV	11	19	ap5g			0	rumblings, crashes of thunder	These are the loud noises that thunder makes. Use your language's way of describing the sound of thunder. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:5](../04/05.md).
REV	12	intro	cq7x	Revelation 12 General Notes		0		# Revelation 12 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 10-12.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Serpent<br>The Book of Revelation uses imagery from the Old Testament. For example, John refers to Satan as the serpent. This image comes from the account of the Garden of Eden when Satan tempted Eve. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "A great sign was seen in heaven"<br>By using the passive voice here, John does not say who saw this great sign in heaven. The translation may be difficult when the subject is unclear, if your language does not have a passive voice. Many English translations use the past tense here and say "A great sign appeared in heaven." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br>
REV	12	01	n4ii			0	General Information:	John begins to describe a woman who appears in his vision.
REV	12	01	d7pw	figs-activepassive		0	A great sign was seen in heaven	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "A great sign appeared in heaven" or "I, John, saw a great sign in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	12	01	j9yl	figs-activepassive		0	a woman clothed with the sun, and with the moon under her feet	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "A woman who was wearing the sun and had the moon under her feet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	12	01	tg62			0	a crown of twelve stars	This was apparently a likeness of a wreath made of laurel leaves or olive branches, but with twelve stars included in it.
REV	12	01	x45q	translate-numbers		0	twelve stars	"12 stars" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV	12	03	y4c1	Connecting Statement:		0		John describes a dragon that appears in his vision.
REV	12	03	s1j6	writing-symlanguage		0	dragon	This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	12	04	r1lr			0	His tail swept away a third of the stars	"With his tail he swept away a third of the stars"
REV	12	04	ii1k	translate-fraction		0	a third	"one third." See how you translated this in [Revelation 8:7](../08/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
REV	12	05	zr5q	figs-metaphor		0	rule all the nations with an iron rod	Ruling harshly is spoken of as ruling with an iron rod. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 2:27](../02/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	12	05	kfr1	figs-activepassive		0	Her child was snatched away to God	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God quickly took her child to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	12	06	a5bd	translate-numbers		0	for 1,260 days	"for one thousand two hundred and sixty days" or "for twelve hundred and sixty days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV	12	07	tb66			0	Now	John uses this word to mark a shift in his account to introduce something else happening in his vision.
REV	12	07	wh37	writing-symlanguage		0	dragon	This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified in verse 9 as "the devil or Satan." See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	12	08	uj6a			0	So there was no longer any place in heaven for him and his angels	"So the dragon and his angels could no longer stay in heaven"
REV	12	09	pk5u	figs-distinguish		0	dragon—that old serpent called the devil or Satan, who deceives the whole world—was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him	The information about the serpent can be given in a separate sentence after the statement that it was thrown down to the earth. Alternate translation: "dragon was thrown down to earth, and his angels were thrown down with him. He is the old serpent who deceives the world and is called the devil or Satan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
REV	12	09	v1tp	figs-activepassive		0	The great dragon ... was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God threw the great dragon ... and his angels out of heaven and sent them to the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	12	10	jb7z			0	I	The word "I" refers to John.
REV	12	10	i112	figs-metonymy		0	I heard a loud voice in heaven	The word "voice" refers to someone who speaks. Alternate translation: "I heard someone saying loudly from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	12	10	nt1j	figs-metaphor		0	Now have come the salvation and the power and the kingdom of our God, and the authority of his Christ	God saving people by his power is spoken of as if his salvation and power were things that have come. God's ruling and Christ's authority are also spoken of as if they have come. Alternate translation: "Now God has saved his people by his power, God rules as king, and his Christ has all authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	12	10	a5fm			0	have come	"have begun to really exist" or "have appeared" or "have become real." God is revealing these things because their time to occur has "come." It is not that they did not exist before.
REV	12	10	yg1a			0	the accuser of our brothers has been thrown down	This is the dragon that was thrown down in [Revelation 12:9](../12/09.md).
REV	12	10	a9wf	figs-metaphor		0	our brothers	Fellow believers are spoken of as if they were brothers. Alternate translation: "our fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	12	10	jn6q	figs-merism		0	day and night	These two parts of the day are used together to mean "all the time" or "without stopping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV	12	11	lkk6	Connecting Statement:		0		The loud voice from heaven continues to speak.
REV	12	11	qmg8			0	They conquered him	"They conquered the accuser"
REV	12	11	zt7v	figs-metonymy		0	by the blood of the Lamb	The blood refers to his death. Alternate translation: "because the lamb had shed his blood and died for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	12	11	lht6	figs-abstractnouns		0	by the word of their testimony	The word "testimony" can be expressed with the verb "testify." Also who they testified about can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "by what they said when they testified to others about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	12	11	n6wk			0	even to death	The believers told the truth about Jesus, even though they knew that their enemies might try to kill them because of it. Alternate translation: "but they kept testifying even though they knew that they might die for it"
REV	12	12	l3ra	figs-metaphor		0	He is filled with terrible anger	The devil is spoken of as if he were a container, and anger is spoken of as if it were a liquid that could be in him. Alternate translation: "He is terribly angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	12	13	x7st	figs-activepassive		0	the dragon realized he had been thrown down to the earth	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the dragon realized that God had thrown him out of heaven and sent him to earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	12	13	z3hb			0	he pursued the woman	"he chased after the woman"
REV	12	13	kgv9	writing-symlanguage		0	dragon	This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified in verse 9 as "the devil or Satan." See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	12	14	sxw1			0	the serpent	This is another way of referring to the dragon.
REV	12	15	c73v			0	serpent	This is the same being as the dragon mentioned earlier in [Revelation 12:9](../12/09.md).
REV	12	15	y5ml	figs-simile		0	like a river	The water flowed from his mouth like a river flows. Alternate translation: "in large volume" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	12	15	a9wh			0	to sweep her away	"to wash her away"
REV	12	16	i4u5	figs-personification		0	The earth opened its mouth and swallowed the river that the dragon was pouring out of his mouth	The earth is spoken of as if it were a living thing, and a hole in the earth is spoken of as if it were a mouth that could drink up the water. Alternate translation: "A hole in the ground opened up and the water went down into the hole" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
REV	12	16	lgt7	writing-symlanguage		0	dragon	This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified in verse 9 as "the devil or Satan." See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	12	17	t6jf			0	hold to the testimony about Jesus	The word "testimony" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "continue to testify about Jesus"
REV	13	intro	c9mw	Revelation 13 General Notes		0		# Revelation 13 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of verse 10, which are from the Old Testament.<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Similes<br>John uses many similes in this chapter. They help to describe the images that he sees in his vision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Unknown animals<br>John uses different animals to try to describe what he saw. Some of these animals may not be known in the target language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])<br>
REV	13	01	su49			0	General Information:	John begins to describe a beast who appears in his vision. The word "I" here refers to John.
REV	13	02	k6qh	writing-symlanguage		0	dragon	This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified as "the devil or Satan." See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	13	02	xa3a			0	The dragon gave his power to it	The dragon made the beast as powerful as he was. He did not lose his power, however, by giving it to the beast.
REV	13	02	c4wx			0	his power ... his throne, and his great authority to rule	These are three ways of referring to his authority, and together they emphasize that the authority was great.
REV	13	02	gyv9	figs-metonymy		0	his throne	The word "throne" here refers to the dragon's authority to rule as king. Alternate translation: "his royal authority" or "his authority to rule as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	13	03	yt22	figs-activepassive		0	but its fatal wound was healed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "but its fatal wound healed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	13	03	ba2z			0	fatal wound	"deadly wound." This is an injury that is serious enough to cause a person to die.
REV	13	03	jc7x	figs-metonymy		0	The whole earth	The word "earth" refers to the people on it. Alternate translation: "All the people on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	13	03	xx3h			0	followed the beast	"obeyed the beast"
REV	13	04	t15f	writing-symlanguage		0	dragon	This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified as "the devil or Satan." See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	13	04	yuu8			0	he had given his authority to the beast	"he had caused the beast to have as much authority as he had"
REV	13	04	ep4n	figs-rquestion		0	Who is like the beast?	This question shows how amazed they were about the beast. Alternate translation: "No one is as powerful as the beast!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
REV	13	04	mdd2	figs-rquestion		0	Who can fight against it?	This question shows how much the people feared the power of the beast. Alternate translation: "No one could ever fight against the beast and win!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
REV	13	05	p2n5	figs-activepassive		0	The beast was given ... It was permitted	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God gave the beast ... God permitted the beast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	13	05	y29e	figs-metonymy		0	The beast was given a mouth that could speak	Being given a mouth refers to being allowed to speak. Alternate translation: "The beast was allowed to speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	13	05	ai5y	translate-numbers		0	forty-two months	"42 months" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV	13	06	ru6v			0	to speak blasphemies against God	"to say disrespectful things about God"
REV	13	06	k71y			0	blaspheming his name, the place where he lives, and those who live in heaven	These phrases tell how the beast spoke blasphemies against God.
REV	13	07	fyp6	figs-activepassive		0	authority was given to it	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God gave authority to the beast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	13	07	f5rl			0	every tribe, people, language, and nation	This means that people from every ethnic group are included. See how you translated a similar list in [Revelation 5:9](../05/09.md).
REV	13	08	nr7r			0	will worship it	"will worship the beast"
REV	13	08	vyy8	figs-activepassive		0	everyone whose name was not written ... in the Book of Life	This phrase clarifies who on the earth will worship the beast. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "those whose names the Lamb did not write ... in The Book of Life" or "those whose names were not ... in the Book of Life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	13	08	nj7e			0	since the creation of the world	"when God created the world"
REV	13	08	vac6	writing-symlanguage		0	the Lamb	A "lamb" is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	13	08	bcu5	figs-activepassive		0	who had been slaughtered	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "whom the people slaughtered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	13	09	tdy8			0	General Information:	These verses are a break from John's account of his vision. Here he give a warning to the people reading his account.
REV	13	09	rr9a	figs-metonymy		0	If anyone has an ear, let him hear	Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase "has an ear" here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: "If anyone is willing to listen, listen" or "If anyone is willing to understand, let him understand and obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	13	09	tx89	figs-123person		0	If anyone ... let him hear	Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: "If you are willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
REV	13	10	r6sx	figs-explicit		0	If anyone is to be taken	This expression means that someone has decided who should be taken. If needed, translators may state clearly who decided it. Alternate translation: "If God has decided that someone should be taken" or "If it is God's will that someone should be taken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	13	10	ipw7	figs-activepassive		0	If anyone is to be taken into captivity	This can be stated in active form. The noun "captivity" can be stated with the verb "capture." Alternate translation: "If it is God's will for the enemy to capture a certain person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
REV	13	10	na15	figs-abstractnouns		0	into captivity he will go	The noun "captivity" can be stated with the verb "capture." Alternate translation: "he will be captured" or "the enemy will capture him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
REV	13	10	mtu9	figs-activepassive		0	If anyone is to be killed with the sword	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "If it is God's will for the enemy to kill a certain person with a sword" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	13	10	cdi9	figs-metonymy		0	with the sword	The sword represents war. Alternate translation: "in war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	13	10	d2rw	figs-activepassive		0	he will be killed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the enemy will kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	13	10	pk8r			0	Here is a call for the patient endurance and faith of the saints	"God's holy people must endure patiently and be faithful"
REV	13	11	pg7g	Connecting Statement:		0		John begins to describe another beast who appears in his vision.
REV	13	11	e7aw	figs-simile		0	it spoke like a dragon	Harsh speech is spoken of as if it were the roar of a dragon. Alternate translation: "it spoke harshly like a dragon speaks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	13	11	k9g8	writing-symlanguage		0	dragon	This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified as "the devil or Satan." See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	13	12	a2fp			0	the earth and those who live on it	"everyone on the earth"
REV	13	12	ys3n	figs-activepassive		0	the one whose lethal wound had been healed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the one who had a lethal wound that healed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	13	12	jc77			0	lethal wound	"deadly wound." This was an injury that was serious enough that it could have made him die.
REV	13	13	z2ws			0	It performed	"The beast from the earth performed"
REV	13	15	dl87	figs-activepassive		0	It was permitted	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God permitted the beast from the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	13	15	cw55	figs-metonymy		0	to give breath to the beast's image	Here the word "breath" represents life. Alternate translation: "to give life to the beast's image" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	13	15	dey8			0	the beast's image	This is the image of the first beast that had been mentioned.
REV	13	15	ruk5			0	cause all who refused to worship the beast to be killed	"put to death anyone who refused to worship the first beast"
REV	13	16	h9u9			0	It also forced everyone	"The beast from the earth also forced everyone"
REV	13	17	t7wm	figs-explicit		0	It was impossible for anyone to buy or sell unless he had the mark of the beast	"People could buy or sell things only if they had the mark of the beast." The implicit information that the beast from the earth commanded it can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "He commanded that people could buy or sell things only if they had the mark of the beast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	13	17	j8x4			0	the mark of the beast	This was an identifying mark that indicated that the person who received it worshiped the beast.
REV	13	18	i46m			0	General Information:	This verse is a break from John's account of his vision. Here he gives another warning to the people reading his account.
REV	13	18	uk74			0	This calls for wisdom	"Wisdom is needed" or "You need to be wise about this"
REV	13	18	z8tz	figs-abstractnouns		0	If anyone has insight	The word "insight" can be translated with the verb "understand." Alternate translation: "If anyone is able to understand things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
REV	13	18	ri1y			0	let him calculate the number of the beast	"he should discern what the number of the beast means" or "he should figure out what the number of the beast means"
REV	13	18	bbn2			0	is the number of a human being	Possible meanings are 1) the number represents one person or 2) the number represents all of humanity.
REV	14	intro	q71v	Revelation 14 General Notes		0		# Revelation 14 General Notes<br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Harvest<br><br>Harvest is when people go out to gather ripe food from plants. Jesus used this as a metaphor to teach his followers that they need to go and tell other people about him so those people can be part of God's kingdom. This chapter uses the metaphor of two harvests. Jesus gathers in his people from the whole earth. Then an angel gathers in wicked people whom God will punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br>
REV	14	01	e7u7			0	General Information:	The word "I" refers to John.
REV	14	01	ck6y	Connecting Statement:		0		John begins to describe the next part of his vision. There are 144,000 believers standing before the Lamb.
REV	14	01	a3kz	writing-symlanguage		0	Lamb	A "lamb" is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	14	01	uc96	translate-numbers		0	144,000	"one hundred forty-four thousand." See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:4](../07/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV	14	01	z963	figs-activepassive		0	who had his name and his Father's name written on their foreheads	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "on whose foreheads the Lamb and his Father had written their names" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	14	01	rf47	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	his Father	This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
REV	14	02	hwu4			0	a voice from heaven	"a sound from heaven"
REV	14	03	sz1f			0	They sang a new song	"The 144,000 people sang a new song." This explains what the sound was that John heard. Alternate translation: "That sound was a new song that they sang"
REV	14	03	ii11			0	the four living creatures	"living being" or "living thing." See how you translated "living creature" in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md)
REV	14	03	m75y			0	elders	This refers to the twenty-four elders around the throne. See how you translated "elders" in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md).
REV	14	03	q6fc	translate-numbers		0	144,000	"one hundred forty-four thousand." See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:4](../07/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV	14	04	jet6			0	have not defiled themselves with women	Possible meanings are 1) "have never had immoral sexual relations with a woman" or 2) "have never had sexual relations with a woman." Defiling oneself with women may be a symbol of worshiping idols.
REV	14	04	a7ir			0	they have kept themselves sexually pure	Possible meanings are 1) "they did not have sexual relations with a woman who was not their wife" or 2) "they are virgins."
REV	14	04	q3hg	figs-metaphor		0	follow the Lamb wherever he goes	Doing what the Lamb does is spoken of as following him. Alternate translation: "they do whatever the Lamb does" or "they obey the Lamb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	14	04	mlw3	figs-metaphor		0	redeemed from among mankind as firstfruits	"Firstfruits" here is a metaphor for the first offering to be made to God in celebration of harvest. Alternate translation: "purchased out of the midst of the rest of mankind as a special celebration of salvation"  (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	14	05	ga8p	figs-metonymy		0	No lie was found in their mouth	Their "mouth" refers to what they said." Alternate translation: "They never lied when they spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	14	06	n1fr	Connecting Statement:		0		John begins to describe the next part of his vision. This is the first of three angels who proclaim judgment on the earth.
REV	14	06	pp1l			0	every nation, tribe, language, and people	This means that people from every ethnic group are included. See how you translated a similar list in [Revelation 5:9](../05/09.md).
REV	14	07	cj5z	figs-metaphor		0	the hour of his judgment has come	Here "the hour" represents the time that has been chosen for something, and the hour having "come" is a metaphor for now being the chosen time. The idea of "judgment" can be expressed with a verb. Alternate translation: "now is the time that God has chosen for judgment" or "it is now the time for God to judge people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
REV	14	08	b18s	figs-metaphor		0	Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great	The angel speaks of Babylon having been destroyed as if it had fallen. Alternate translation: "Babylon the great has been destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	14	08	jh3r	writing-symlanguage		0	Babylon the great	"Babylon the large city" or "the important city of Babylon." This was probably a symbol for the city of Rome, which was large, wealthy, and sinful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	14	08	kg1i	figs-metonymy		0	who persuaded	Babylon is spoken of as if it were a person, instead of a city filled with people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	14	08	ldz2	writing-symlanguage		0	to drink the wine of her immoral passion	This is a symbol for participating in her sexually immoral passion. Alternate translation: "to be sexually immoral like her" or "to get drunk like her in sexual sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	14	08	v3zk	figs-personification		0	her immoral passion	Babylon is spoken of as if it were a prostitute who has caused other people to sin along with her. This may well have a double meaning: literal sexual immorality and also the worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	14	09	z6xp			0	with a loud voice	"loudly"
REV	14	10	qw28	writing-symlanguage		0	will also drink some of the wine of God's wrath	Drinking the wine of God's wrath is a symbol for being punished by God. Alternate translation: "will also drink some of the wine that represents God's wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	14	10	fe83	figs-activepassive		0	that has been poured undiluted	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "that God has poured full strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	14	10	bb38	writing-symlanguage		0	that has been poured undiluted	This means that the wine has no water mixed into it. It is strong, and a person who drinks much of it will get very drunk. As a symbol, it means that God will be extremely angry, not just a little angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	14	10	zl4g	writing-symlanguage		0	cup of his anger	This symbolic cup holds the wine that represents God's anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	14	11	hh91	Connecting Statement:		0		The third angel continues to speak.
REV	14	11	dds6	figs-metonymy		0	The smoke from their torment	The phrase "their torment" refers to the fire that torments them. Alternate translation: "The smoke from the fire that torments them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	14	11	z5ea			0	they have no rest	"they have no relief" or "the torment does not stop"
REV	14	12	me1j			0	Here is a call for the patient endurance of the saints	"God's holy people must endure patiently and be faithful." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 13:10](../13/10.md).
REV	14	13	x62q			0	the dead who die	"those who die"
REV	14	13	hy1a			0	who die in the Lord	"who are united to the Lord and die." This may refer to people who are killed by their enemies. Alternate translation: "who die because they are united to the Lord"
REV	14	13	vd4m			0	labors	difficulties and sufferings
REV	14	13	v4xz	figs-personification		0	their deeds will follow them	These deeds are spoken of as if they were alive and able to follow those who did them. Possible meanings are 1) "others will know the good deeds these people have done" or 2) "God will reward them for their deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
REV	14	14	ft6v	writing-symlanguage		0		John begins to describe the next part of his vision. This part is about the Son of Man harvesting the earth. Harvesting the grain is a symbol of God's judging people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	14	14	gvw8	figs-simile		0	one like a son of man	This expression describes a human figure, someone who looks human. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:13](../01/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	14	14	i8se			0	golden crown	This was the likeness of a wreath of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. Examples actually made of leaves were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads.
REV	14	14	l89c	translate-unknown		0	sickle	a tool with a curved blade used for cutting grass, grain, and vines (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
REV	14	15	v6dy			0	came out of the temple	"came out of the heavenly temple"
REV	14	15	v2xf	figs-metaphor		0	the time to reap has come	Existing in the present is spoken of as having come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	14	16	nt7k	figs-activepassive		0	the earth was harvested	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he harvested the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	14	17	fb4y	Connecting Statement:		0		John continues describing his vision about the earth being harvested.
REV	14	18	jp7l			0	who had authority over the fire	Here "authority over" refers to responsibility to tend the fire.
REV	14	19	f3mn			0	the great wine vat of God's wrath	"the large wine vat where God will show his wrath"
REV	14	20	b1bw			0	winepress	This is "the great wine vat" of [Revelation 14:19] (./19.md).
REV	14	20	xt4z			0	up to the height of a horse's bridle	"as high as the bridle in a horse's mouth"
REV	14	20	m2i9			0	bridle	a device made of leather straps that goes around a horse's head and is used for directing the horse
REV	14	20	gdl8	translate-numbers		0	1,600 stadia	"one thousand six hundred stadia" or "sixteen hundred stadia." A "stadium" is 185 meters. In modern measures this would be about "300 kilometers" or "200 miles." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
REV	15	intro	zxt7	Revelation 15 General Notes		0		# Revelation 15 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>In this chapter, John describes events and pictures that occur in heaven.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 3-4.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### "Victorious over the beast"<br><br>These people are spiritually victorious. While most spiritual battles cannot be seen, the Book of Revelation pictures spiritual battles as openly occurring. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>##### "The temple having the tent of witness, was open in heaven"<br>Scripture elsewhere indicates the earthly temple copied God's perfect dwelling place in heaven. Here John seems to refer to God's heavenly dwelling place or temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>##### Songs<br><br>The Book of Revelation often describes heaven as a place where people sing. They worship God with songs. This illustrates that heaven is a place where God is always worshiped.<br>
REV	15	01	p98c			0	General Information:	This verse is a summary of what will happen in 15:6-16:21.
REV	15	01	l345	figs-doublet		0	great and marvelous	These words have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. Alternate translation: "something that greatly amazed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
REV	15	01	w6lf			0	seven angels with seven plagues	"seven angels who had authority to send seven plagues on the earth"
REV	15	01	mw7g			0	which are the final plagues	"and after them, there will not be any more plagues"
REV	15	01	ij3d	figs-activepassive		0	for with them the wrath of God will be completed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "for these plagues will complete the wrath of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	15	01	gdt5			0	for with them the wrath of God will be completed	Possible meanings are 1) these plagues will show all of God's anger or 2) after these plagues, God will no longer be angry.
REV	15	02	ytq6			0	General Information:	Here John begins to describe his vision of the people who had been victorious over the beast and who are praising God.
REV	15	02	n9yj	figs-metaphor		0	sea of glass	How it was like glass or a sea can be stated clearly. Possible meanings are 1) a sea is spoken of as if it were glass. Alternate translation: "a sea that was as smooth as glass" or 2) glass if spoken of as if it were a sea. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md). Alternate translation: "glass that was spread out like a sea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	15	02	pt8v	figs-explicit		0	who had been victorious over the beast and his image	How they were victorious can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "who had been victorious over the beast and his image by not worshiping them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	15	02	dbz9	figs-explicit		0	over the number representing his name	How they were victorious over the number can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "over the number representing his name by not being marked with that number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	15	02	lra7			0	the number representing his name	This refers to the number described in [Revelation 13:18](../13/18.md).
REV	15	03	l5hu			0	They were singing	"Those who had been victorious over the beast were singing"
REV	15	04	hh87	figs-rquestion		0	Who will not fear you, Lord, and glorify your name?	This question is used to show their amazement at how great and glorious the Lord is. It can be expressed as an exclamation. Alternate translation: "Lord, everyone will fear you and glorify your name!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
REV	15	04	j9gj	figs-metonymy		0	glorify your name	The phrase "your name" refers to God. Alternate translation: "glorify you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	15	04	ei9k	figs-activepassive		0	your righteous deeds have been revealed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you have made everyone know about your righteous deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	15	05	v4ye	Connecting Statement:		0		The seven angels with the seven plagues come out of the most holy place. They were spoken of previously in [Revelation 15:1](../15/01.md).
REV	15	05	da6n			0	After these things	"After the people finished singing"
REV	15	06	f9gq			0	the seven angels holding the seven plagues	These angels were seen as holding seven plagues because in [Revelation 17:7](../17/07.md) they are given seven bowls full of the wrath of God.
REV	15	06	nei2			0	linen	a fine, expensive cloth made from flax
REV	15	06	w9kw			0	sashes	A sash is a decorative piece of cloth worn on the upper body.
REV	15	07	s4dj			0	the four living creatures	"living being" or "living thing." See how you translated "living creatures" in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md)
REV	15	07	z1wz	figs-explicit		0	seven golden bowls full of the wrath of God	The image of the wine in the bowls can be stated clearly. The word "wrath" here refers to punishment. The wine is a symbol for punishment. Alternate translation: "seven gold bowls full of the wine that represents the wrath of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	15	08	s67r			0	until the seven plagues of the seven angels were completed	"until the seven angels finished sending the seven plagues to the earth"
REV	16	intro	v1cm	Revelation 16 General Notes		0		# Revelation 16 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues the vision of chapter 15. Together they give the seven plagues that complete the wrath of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wrath]])<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 5-7.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### "I heard a loud voice call out of the temple"<br><br>This is the same temple that was mentioned in chapter 15.<br><br>##### Seven bowls of God's wrath<br><br>This chapter reveals severe judgments. They are pictured as angels pouring out seven bowls of God's wrath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>The tone of this chapter is meant to astonish the reader. Translations should not minimize the vivid language expressed in this chapter.<br><br>##### Armageddon<br><br>This is a Hebrew word. It is the name of a place. John used the sounds of the Hebrew word and wrote them with Greek letters. Translators are encouraged to transliterate it using the letters of the target language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])<br><br>
REV	16	01	nj83	Connecting Statement:		0		John continues to describe the part of the vision about the seven angels with the seven plagues. The seven plagues are the seven bowls of God's wrath.
REV	16	01	t995			0	I heard	The word "I" refers to John.
REV	16	01	k2nq	figs-explicit		0	bowls of God's wrath	The image of the wine in the bowls can be stated clearly. The word "wrath" here refers to punishment. The wine is a symbol for punishment. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 15:7](../15/07.md). Alternate translation: "bowls full of the wine that represents God's wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	16	02	n7mw	figs-metonymy		0	poured out his bowl	The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. Alternate translation: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	16	02	e66u			0	painful sores	"painful wounds." These could be infections from diseases or injuries that have not healed.
REV	16	02	nux1			0	mark of the beast	This was an identifying mark that indicated that the person who received it worshiped the beast. See how you translated this in [Revelation 13:17](../13/17.md).
REV	16	03	nc6a	figs-metonymy		0	poured out his bowl	The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](../16/02.md). Alternate translation: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	16	03	sx66	figs-synecdoche		0	the sea	This refers to all the salt water lakes and oceans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
REV	16	04	p4ae	figs-metonymy		0	poured out his bowl	The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](../16/02.md). Alternate translation: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	16	04	xu1y	figs-synecdoche		0	rivers and the springs of water	This refers to all bodies of fresh water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
REV	16	05	f35a			0	the angel of the waters	Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the third angel who was in charge of pouring out God's wrath on the rivers and springs of water or 2) this was another angel who was in charge of all the waters.
REV	16	05	e45u	figs-you		0	You are righteous	"You" refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
REV	16	05	itg7			0	the one who is and who was	"God who is and who was." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md).
REV	16	06	b6wa	figs-metonymy		0	they poured out the blood of the saints and prophets	Here "poured out the blood" means killed. Alternate translation: "they murdered God's holy people and the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	16	06	jy6a			0	you have given them blood to drink	God will make the evil people drink the waters that he turned to blood.
REV	16	07	p4c5	figs-metonymy		0	I heard the altar reply	The word "altar" here refers perhaps to someone at the altar. "I heard someone at the altar reply" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	16	08	nne6	figs-metonymy		0	poured out his bowl	The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](../16/02.md). Alternate translation: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	16	08	l6n2	figs-personification		0	it was given permission to scorch the people	John speaks about the sun as if it were a person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "and caused the sun to severely burn the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	16	09	i2du	figs-activepassive		0	They were scorched by the terrible heat	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The extreme heat burned them badly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	16	09	pr4e	figs-metonymy		0	they blasphemed the name of God	Here the name of God represents God. Alternate translation: "they blasphemed God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	16	09	aza1	figs-distinguish		0	God, who has the power over these plagues	This phrase reminds readers of something they already know about God. It helps to explain why the people were blaspheming God. Alternate translation: "God because he has the power over these plagues" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
REV	16	09	rd4f	figs-metaphor		0	the power over these plagues	This refers to the power to inflict these plagues on people, and the power to stop the plagues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	16	10	f1pm	figs-metonymy		0	poured out his bowl	The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](../16/02.md). Alternate translation: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	16	10	a2ud	figs-metonymy		0	the throne of the beast	This is where the beast reigns from. It may refer to the capital city of his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	16	10	hit6	figs-metaphor		0	darkness covered its kingdom	Here "darkness" is spoken of as if it were something like a blanket. Alternate translation: "it became dark in all his kingdom" or "all of his kingdom became dark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	16	10	pb1u			0	They chewed	The people in the beast's kingdom chewed.
REV	16	11	kna6			0	They blasphemed	The people in the beast's kingdom blasphemed.
REV	16	12	kv5y	figs-metonymy		0	poured out his bowl	The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](../16/02.md). Alternate translation: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	16	12	amf1	figs-activepassive		0	the Euphrates. Its water was dried up	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the Euphrates. Its water dried up" or "the Euphrates, and caused its water to dry up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	16	13	bb6d			0	looked like frogs	A frog is a small animal that lives near water. Jews considered them unclean animals.
REV	16	13	ai28	writing-symlanguage		0	dragon	This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. The dragon is also identified in verse 9 as "the devil or Satan." See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:3](../12/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	16	15	u3v8			0	General Information:	Verse 15 is a break from the main story line of John's vision. These are words spoken by Jesus. The story line continues in verse 16.
REV	16	15	l16g	figs-explicit		0	Look! I am coming ... his shameful condition	This is in parentheses to show that it is not part of the story line in the vision. Rather, this is something that the Lord Jesus said. It can be stated clearly that the Lord Jesus said this, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	16	15	lgi6	figs-simile		0	I am coming as a thief	Jesus will come at a time when people do not expect him, just as a thief comes when not expected. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 3:3](../03/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	16	15	an84	figs-metaphor		0	keeping his garments on	Living the right way is spoken of as keeping one's clothes on. Alternate translation: "doing what is right, like keeping his clothes on" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	16	15	cia7			0	keeping his garments on	Some versions translate, "keeping his garments with him."
REV	16	15	qwa2			0	they see his shameful condition	Here the word "they" refers to other people.
REV	16	16	m2v7			0	They brought them together	"The spirits of the demons brought the kings and their armies together"
REV	16	16	cdx1	figs-activepassive		0	the place that is called	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the place that people call" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	16	16	x6ff	translate-names		0	Armageddon	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
REV	16	17	ny8p	Connecting Statement:		0		The seventh angel pours out the seventh bowl of God's wrath.
REV	16	17	nhs7	figs-metonymy		0	poured out his bowl	The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](../16/02.md). Alternate translation: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	16	17	a15p	figs-metonymy		0	Then a loud voice came out of the temple and from the throne	This means someone sitting on the throne or someone standing near the throne spoke loudly. It is unclear who is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	16	18	x586			0	flashes of lightning	Use your language's way of describing what lightning looks like each time it appears. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:5](../04/05.md).
REV	16	18	c9fa			0	rumbles, crashes of thunder	These are the loud noises that thunder makes. Use your language's way of describing the sound of thunder. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:5](../04/05.md).
REV	16	19	q8lg	figs-activepassive		0	The great city was split	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The earthquake split the great city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	16	19	r2vh			0	Then God called to mind	"Then God remembered" or "Then God thought of" or "Then God started to pay attention to." This does not mean that God remembered something he had forgotten.
REV	16	19	g6s8	writing-symlanguage		0	he gave that city the cup filled with the wine made from his furious wrath	The wine is a symbol of his wrath. Making people drink it is a symbol of punishing them. Alternate translation: "he made the people of that city drink the wine that represents his wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	16	20	eb5w	Connecting Statement:		0		This is part of the seventh bowl of God's wrath.
REV	16	20	byn4	figs-metonymy		0	the mountains were no longer found	The inability to see any mountains is metonymy expressing the idea that no mountains existed any longer. Alternate translation: "there were no longer any mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	16	21	i43r	translate-bweight		0	a talent	You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: "33 kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
REV	17	intro	ysn1	Revelation 17 General Notes		0		# Revelation 17 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins to describe how God will destroy Babylon.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Prostitute<br><br>Scripture often pictures idolatrous Jews as adulterous people and sometimes as prostitutes. This is not the reference here. The translator should allow this illustration to be vague. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>##### Seven hills<br><br>This possibly refers to the city of Rome, which was known as the city on seven hills. However, the translator should not attempt to identify Rome in the translation.<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Metaphors<br><br>John uses many different metaphors in this chapter. He explains some of their meanings, but allows them to remain relatively unclear. The translator should attempt to do the same. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "The beast you saw existed, does not exist now, but is about to come up "<br><br>This and similar phrases in this chapter contrast the beast with Jesus. Jesus is called "the one who is, and who was, and who is to come" elsewhere in the Book of Revelation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>##### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. This sentence in 17:11 is a paradox: "the beast ... is itself also an eighth king; but it is one of those seven kings." The translator should not attempt to resolve this paradox. It should remain a mystery. ([Revelation 17:11](../../rev/17/11.md))<br>
REV	17	01	ppd7			0	General Information:	John begins to describe the part of his vision about the great prostitute.
REV	17	01	c6f4	figs-abstractnouns		0	the condemnation of the great prostitute	The noun "condemnation" can be expressed with the verb "condemn." Alternate translation: "how God will condemn the great prostitute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
REV	17	01	f7ry	writing-symlanguage		0	the great prostitute	"the prostitute that everyone knows about." She represents a certain sinful city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	17	01	crs4	figs-explicit		0	on many waters	If you need to, you can use a more specific word for the kind of water. Alternate translation: "on many rivers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	17	02	paa4	figs-distinguish		0	It is with the wine of her sexual immorality that the earth's inhabitants became drunk	The wine represents sexual immorality. Alternate translation: "The people of the earth became drunk by drinking her wine, that is, they were sexually immoral" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	17	02	ayw3	figs-metaphor		0	her sexual immorality	This may well have a double meaning: sexual immorality among people and also the worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	17	03	hf43	writing-background		0	carried me away in the Spirit to a wilderness	The setting changes from John being in heaven to being in a wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
REV	17	04	rw19	translate-unknown		0	pearls	beautiful and valuable white beads. They are formed inside the shell of a certain kind of small animal that lives in the ocean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
REV	17	05	az5b	figs-activepassive		0	On her forehead was written a name	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Someone had written on her forehead a name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	17	05	l75t	figs-explicit		0	Babylon the great	If it needs to be made clear that the name refers to the woman, it can be put in a sentence. Alternate translation: "I am Babylon, the powerful one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	17	06	iq7b			0	General Information:	The angel begins to explain to John the meaning of the prostitute and the red beast. The angel explains these things through verse 18.
REV	17	06	iwz1			0	was drunk with the blood ... and with the blood	"was drunk because she had drunk the blood ... and had drunk the blood"
REV	17	06	yqi7			0	the martyrs for Jesus	"the believers who have died because they told others about Jesus"
REV	17	06	ydi9			0	astonished	amazed, surprised
REV	17	07	j412	figs-rquestion		0	Why are you astonished?	The angel used this question to gently scold John. Alternate translation: "You should not be astonished!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
REV	17	08	upm7			0	the bottomless pit	This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
REV	17	08	usl4	figs-abstractnouns		0	Then it will go on to destruction	The noun "destruction" can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: "Then he will be destroyed" or "Then God will destroy him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	17	08	glf1	figs-activepassive		0	it will go on to destruction	The certainty of what will happen in the future is spoken of as if the beast were going to it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	17	08	r6h4	figs-activepassive		0	those whose names have not been written	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "those whose names God did not write" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	17	09	p3lb	Connecting Statement:		0		The angel continues speaking. Here he explains the meaning of the seven heads of the beast that the woman is riding.
REV	17	09	p6lr	figs-abstractnouns		0	This calls for a mind that has wisdom	The abstract nouns "mind" and "wisdom" can be expressed with "think" and "wise" or "wisely." Why a wise mind is needed can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "A wise mind is needed in order to understand this" or "You need to think wisely in order to understand this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	17	09	i6ta			0	This calls for	"This makes it necessary to have"
REV	17	09	nr42			0	The seven heads are seven hills	Here "are" means "stand for" or "represent."
REV	17	10	yk93	figs-metaphor		0	Five kings have fallen	The angel speaks of dying as falling. Alternate translation: "Five kings have died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	17	10	d2wx			0	one exists	"one is king now" or "one king is alive now"
REV	17	10	kw95	figs-metaphor		0	the other has not yet come; when he comes	Not having existed yet is spoken of as not yet having come. Alternate translation: "the other has not yet become king; when he becomes king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	17	10	v8vx	figs-metaphor		0	he can remain only for a little while	The angel speaks of someone continuing to be king as if he were remaining in a place. Alternate translation: "he can be king only for a little while" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	17	11	b1ct			0	it is one of those seven kings	Possible meanings are 1) the beast rules twice: first as one of the seven kings, and then as the eighth king or 2) the beast belongs to that group of seven kings because he is like them.
REV	17	11	w7sk	figs-metaphor		0	it is going to destruction	The certainty of what will happen in the future is spoken of as if the beast were going to it. Alternate translation: "it will certainly be destroyed" or "God will surely destroy it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	17	12	gq2m	Connecting Statement:		0		The angel continues speaking to John. Here he explains the meaning of the ten horns of the beast.
REV	17	12	n2rd	translate-unknown		0	for one hour	If your language does not divide the day into 24 hours, you may need to use a more general expression. Alternate translation: "for a very short time" or "for a very small part of a day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
REV	17	13	w7jb			0	These are of one mind	"These all think the same thing" or "These all agree to do the same thing"
REV	17	14	wt9k	writing-symlanguage		0	the Lamb	A "lamb" is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	17	14	abb5	figs-activepassive		0	the called ones, the chosen ones, and the faithful ones	This refers to one group of people. The words "called" and "chosen" can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "the called, chosen, and faithful ones" or "the ones whom God has called and chosen, who are faithful to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	17	15	f5x6	figs-metaphor		0	The waters you saw, where the prostitute is seated, are peoples, multitudes, nations, and languages	Here "are" stands for "represent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	17	15	kq1e	figs-explicit		0	The waters	If you need to, you can use a more specific word for the kind of water. See how you translated "many waters" in [Revelation 17:1](../17/01.md). Alternate translation: "The rivers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	17	15	zsh5			0	multitudes	large groups of people
REV	17	15	ua3s	figs-metonymy		0	languages	This refers to people who speak the languages. See how you translated this in [Revelation 10:11](../10/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	17	16	j157			0	make her desolate and naked	"steal everything that she has and leave her with nothing"
REV	17	16	f9as	figs-metaphor		0	they will devour her flesh	Destroying her completely is spoken of as eating all her flesh. "They will destroy her completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	17	17	y8cn			0	For God has put it into their hearts to carry out his purpose by agreeing to give ... until God's words are fulfilled	They would agree to give their power to the beast, but it would not be that they want to obey God. Alternate translation: "For God has put it into their hearts to agree to give ... until God's words are fulfilled, and by doing this, they would carry out God's purpose"
REV	17	17	sb1d	figs-metonymy		0	God has put it into their hearts	Here "heart" is a metonym for desires. Making them want to do something is spoken of as putting it in their hearts to do it. Alternate translation: "God has made them want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	17	17	ku6m			0	power to rule	"authority" or "kingly authority"
REV	17	17	el9y	figs-activepassive		0	until God's words are fulfilled	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "until God fulfills what he said will happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	17	18	w2lu	Connecting Statement:		0		The angel finishes speaking to John about the prostitute and the beast.
REV	17	18	md61	figs-metaphor		0	is	Here "is" stands for "represents." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	17	18	uy1m	figs-metonymy		0	the great city that rules	When it says that the city rules, it means that the leader of the city rules. Alternate translation: "the great city whose leader rules" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	18	intro	j5qc	Revelation 18 General Notes		0		# Revelation 18 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 1-8.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Prophecy<br><br>The angel prophesies about Babylon falling, which here means being destroyed. It is spoken of as having already happened. This is common in prophecy. It emphasizes that the coming judgment will certainly happen. The angel also prophesies that the people will lament over Babylon falling. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Metaphors<br><br>Prophecy frequently uses metaphors. This chapter has a slightly different apocalyptic style than the Book of Revelation overall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
REV	18	01	fl3m	figs-personification		0	General Information:	The pronouns "she" and "her" refer to the city of Babylon, which is spoken of as if it were a prostitute. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
REV	18	01	xxe5	Connecting Statement:		0		Another angel comes down from heaven and speaks. This is a different angel than the one in the previous chapter, who spoke about the prostitute and the beast.
REV	18	02	a2f5	figs-metaphor		0	Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great	The angel speaks of Babylon having been destroyed as if it had fallen. See how you translated this in [Revelation 14:8](../14/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	18	02	ii4l			0	detestable bird	"disgusting bird" or "repulsive bird"
REV	18	03	l5jq	figs-metonymy		0	all the nations	The nations is a metonym for the people of those nations. Alternate translation: "the people of all the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	18	03	kpp1	writing-symlanguage		0	have drunk the wine of her immoral passion	This is a symbol for participating in her sexually immoral passion. Alternate translation: "have become sexually immoral like her" or "have become drunk like her in sexual sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	18	03	kp3p	figs-personification		0	her immoral passion	Babylon is spoken of as if it were a prostitute who has caused other people to sin along with her. This may well have a double meaning: literal sexual immorality and also the worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	18	03	ejc5			0	merchants	A merchant is a person who sells things.
REV	18	03	ql37			0	from the power of her sensual way of living	"because she spent so much money on sexual immorality"
REV	18	04	ze11	figs-personification		0	General Information:	The pronouns "she" and "her" refer to the city of Babylon, which is spoken of as if it were a prostitute. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
REV	18	04	e7c7	Connecting Statement:		0		Another voice from heaven begins to speak.
REV	18	04	nz77	figs-metonymy		0	another voice	The word "voice" refers to the speaker, which is probably either Jesus or the Father. Alternate translation: "someone else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	18	05	e32w	figs-metaphor		0	Her sins have piled up as high as heaven	The voice speaks of Babylon's sins as if they were objects that could form a pile. Alternate translation: "Her sins are so many they are like a pile that reaches heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	18	05	u2yu			0	has remembered	"has thought of" or "has started to pay attention to." This does not mean that God remembered something he had forgotten. See how you translated "called to mind" in [Revelation 16:19](../16/19.md).
REV	18	06	ec42	figs-metaphor		0	Pay her back as she has paid others back	The voice speaks of punishment as if it were payment. Alternate translation: "Punish her as she has punished others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	18	06	pa62	figs-metaphor		0	repay her double	The voice speaks of punishment as if it were payment. Alternate translation: "punish her twice as much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	18	06	xba5	figs-metaphor		0	in the cup she mixed, mix double the amount for her	The voice speaks of causing others to suffer as preparing strong wine for them to drink. Alternate translation: "prepare for her the wine of suffering that is twice as strong as what she made for others" or "make her suffer twice as much as she made others suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	18	06	l3n5			0	mix double the amount	Possible meanings are 1) "prepare twice the amount" or 2) "make it twice as strong"
REV	18	07	i9bm	Connecting Statement:		0		The same voice from heaven continues speaking about Babylon as if it were a woman.
REV	18	07	we2t			0	she glorified herself	"the people of Babylon glorified themselves"
REV	18	07	yt32	figs-metonymy		0	For she says in her heart	Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's mind or thoughts. Alternate translation: "For she says to herself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	18	07	m3mg	figs-simile		0	I am seated as a queen	She claims to be a ruler, having her own authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	18	07	dy5k	figs-metaphor		0	I am not a widow	She implies that she will not be dependent on other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	18	07	eh5r	figs-metaphor		0	I will never see mourning	Experiencing mourning is spoken of as seeing mourning. Alternate translation: "I will never mourn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	18	08	u6r9	figs-metaphor		0	her plagues will come	Existing in the future is spoken of a coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	18	08	vkk2	figs-metaphor		0	She will be consumed by fire	Being burned up by fires is spoken of as being eaten up by fire. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Fire will completely burn her up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	18	09	lj14			0	General Information:	In these verses the word "her" refers to the city of Babylon.
REV	18	09	pmz9	Connecting Statement:		0		John tells what people say about Babylon.
REV	18	09	wk13			0	committed sexual immorality and went out of control with her	"sinned sexually and did whatever they wanted just as the people of Babylon did"
REV	18	10	j3ln	figs-abstractnouns		0	afraid of her torment	The abstract noun "torment" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "afraid that they will be tormented as Babylon is" or "afraid that God will torment them as he torments Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
REV	18	10	qn81			0	Woe, woe	This is repeated for emphasis.
REV	18	10	hkd8	figs-metaphor		0	your punishment has come	Existing in the present is spoken of as having come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	18	11	fe7u			0	mourn for her	"mourn for the people of Babylon"
REV	18	12	krs3			0	precious stone, pearls	"many kinds of expensive stones." See how you translated these in [Revelation 17:4](../17/04.md).
REV	18	12	hnk1			0	fine linen	expensive cloth made from flax. See how you translated "linen" in [Revelation 15:6](../15/06.md).
REV	18	12	xm9u	translate-unknown		0	purple, silk, scarlet	Purple is a very dark red cloth that is very expensive. Silk is a soft, strong cloth made from the fine string that silkworms make when they make their cocoons. Scarlet is an expensive red cloth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
REV	18	12	hir4			0	every vessel of ivory	"all kinds of containers made of ivory"
REV	18	12	yri7	translate-unknown		0	ivory	a beautiful hard, white material that people get from the tusks or teeth of very large animals such as elephants or walruses. Alternate translation: "tusks" or "valuable animal teeth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
REV	18	12	b8xc	translate-unknown		0	marble	a precious stone used for building (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
REV	18	13	gz3v			0	cinnamon	a spice that smells nice and comes from the bark of a certain kind of tree
REV	18	13	z894			0	spice	a substance used to add flavor to food or a good smell to oil
REV	18	14	x3kl	figs-metaphor		0	The fruit	"Fruit" here is a metaphor for "result" or "outcome." Alternate translation: "The result" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	18	14	a1aa			0	longed for with all your might	"wanted very much"
REV	18	14	p7f7	figs-activepassive		0	vanished, never to be found again	Not to be found stands for not existing. This figure of speech can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "vanished; you will never have them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	18	15	n25k			0	General Information:	In these verses, the word "her" refers to the city of Babylon.
REV	18	15	s4iq	figs-abstractnouns		0	because of the fear of her torment	This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "fear" and "torment." Alternate translation: "because they will be afraid of God tormenting them they way he torments her" or "because they will be afraid of suffering the way she is suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
REV	18	15	ii7v			0	weeping and mourning loudly	This is what the merchants will be doing. Alternate translation: "and they will weep and mourn loudly"
REV	18	16	i7ip	figs-metaphor		0	the great city that was dressed in fine linen	Throughout this chapter, Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman. The merchants speak of Babylon as being dressed in fine linen because its people were dressed in fine linen. Alternate translation: "the great city, which was like a woman dressed in fine linen" or "the great city, whose women were dressed in fine linen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	18	16	nji6	figs-activepassive		0	that was dressed in fine linen	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that wore fine linen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	18	16	v6q3	figs-activepassive		0	was adorned with gold	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "adorned herself with gold" or "adorned themselves with gold" or "wore gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	18	16	i5uy			0	precious jewels	"valuable gems" or "treasured gems"
REV	18	16	rtm9	translate-unknown		0	pearls	beautiful and valuable white beads. They are formed inside the shell of a certain kind of small animal that lives in the ocean. See how you translated this in [Revelation 17:4](../17/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
REV	18	17	ap3v	figs-metonymy		0	whose living is made from the sea	The phrase "from the sea" refers to what they do on the sea. Alternate translation: "who travel on the sea to make their living" or "who sail on the sea to different places in order to trade things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	18	18	ys97			0	General Information:	In these verses the word "they" refers to the sailors and seafarers, and the word "her" refers to the city of Babylon.
REV	18	18	v7qe	figs-rquestion		0	What city is like the great city?	This question shows the people the importance of the city of Babylon. Alternate translation: "No other city is like the great city, Babylon!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
REV	18	20	ld6c	figs-abstractnouns		0	God has brought your judgment on her	The noun "judgment" can be expressed with the verb "judge." Alternate translation: "God has judged her for you" or "God has judged her because of the bad things she did to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
REV	18	21	b94u	Connecting Statement:		0		Another angel begins to speak about Babylon. This is a different angel than the ones who have spoken previously.
REV	18	21	el4e			0	millstone	a large round stone used to crush grain
REV	18	21	dlp4	figs-metaphor		0	Babylon, the great city, will be thrown down with violence and will not be seen anymore	God will completely destroy the city. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will violently throw down Babylon, the great city, and it will no longer exist" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	18	21	kre6	figs-metonymy		0	will not be seen anymore	"no one will see it anymore." Not being seen here means that it will not exist. Alternate translation: "it will not exist anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	18	22	j6aq	figs-activepassive		0	The sound made by harpists, musicians, flute players, and trumpeters will not be heard anymore in you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "No one in your city will ever again hear the sound that harpists, musicians, flute players, and trumpeters make" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	18	22	da3h	figs-apostrophe		0	in you	The angel speaks as if Babylon were there listening to him. Alternate translation: "in Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
REV	18	22	c88l	figs-metonymy		0	will not be heard anymore in you	"no one will hear them anymore in you." Not being heard here means that they will not be there. Alternate translation: "they will not be in your city anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	18	22	cu19	figs-metonymy		0	No craftsman ... will be found in you	Not being found there means that they will not be there. Alternate translation: "No craftsman of any kind will be in your city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	18	22	c7p2	figs-metonymy		0	No sound of a mill will be heard anymore in you	The sound of something not being heard means that no one will make that sound. Alternate translation: "No one will use a mill in your city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	18	23	pmd2			0	General Information:	The words "you," "your," and "her" refer to Babylon.
REV	18	23	d3yq	Connecting Statement:		0		The angel who threw the millstone finishes talking.
REV	18	23	d67i	figs-activepassive		0	The voices of the bridegroom and the bride will not be heard in you anymore	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "No one will ever again hear in Babylon the happy voices of a bridegroom and a bride" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	18	23	ja6m	figs-metonymy		0	will not be heard in you anymore	Not being heard here means that they will not be there. Alternate translation: "will not be in your city anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	18	23	q8qm	figs-metaphor		0	your merchants were the princes of the earth	The angel speaks of important and powerful people as if they were princes. Alternate translation: "your merchants were like princes of the earth" or "your merchants were the most important men in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	18	23	j3iy	figs-activepassive		0	the nations were deceived by your sorcery	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you deceived the people of the nations with your magic spells" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	18	24	s8bp	figs-activepassive		0	In her the blood of prophets and saints was found, and the blood of all who have been killed on the earth	Blood being found there means that the people there were guilty of killing people. Alternate translation: "Babylon is guilty of killing the prophets and believers and all the other people in the world who were killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	19	intro	h785	Revelation 19 General Notes		0		# Revelation 19 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>The beginning of chapter 19 concludes the topic of Babylon falling.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 1-8.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Songs<br><br>The Book of Revelation often describes heaven as a place where people sing. They worship God with songs. This illustrates that heaven is a place where God is always worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])<br><br>##### Wedding celebration<br><br>The wedding celebration or feast is an important image in Scripture. Jewish culture often pictured paradise, or life with God after death, as a feast. Here, the wedding feast is for the Lamb, who is Jesus, and his bride, who is all his people.<br>
REV	19	01	qu5h			0	General Information:	This is the next part of John's vision. Here he describes the rejoicing in heaven over the fall of the great prostitute, who is the city of Babylon.
REV	19	01	lr94			0	I heard	Here "I" refers to John.
REV	19	01	nk8x			0	Hallelujah	This word means "Praise God" or "Let us praise God."
REV	19	02	u1rp	figs-metaphor		0	the great prostitute	Here John refers to the city of Babylon whose wicked people rule over all the people of the earth and lead them to worship false gods. He speaks of the wicked people of Babylon as if they were a great prostitute. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	19	02	ky99	figs-metonymy		0	who corrupted the earth	Here "the earth" is a metonym for its inhabitants. Alternate translation: "who corrupted the people of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	19	02	d9j7	figs-metonymy		0	the blood of his servants	Here "the blood" is a metonym that represents murder. Alternate translation: "murdering his servants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	19	02	cj3t	figs-rpronouns		0	she herself	This refers to Babylon. The reflexive pronoun "herself" is used to add emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
REV	19	03	jm9m			0	They spoke	Here "They" refers to the crowd of people in heaven.
REV	19	03	h1k4			0	Hallelujah	This word means "Praise God" or "Let us praise God." See how you translated this in [Revelation 19:1](../19/01.md).
REV	19	03	zy6e			0	smoke rises from her	The word "her" refers to the city of Babylon, which is spoken of as if it were a prostitute. The smoke is from the fire that destroys the city. Alternate translation: "smoke rises from that city"
REV	19	04	r43f	translate-numbers		0	twenty-four elders	"24 elders." See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV	19	04	y4qd			0	the four living creatures	"the four living beings" or "the four living things." See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md)
REV	19	04	dns7	figs-activepassive		0	who was seated on the throne	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "who sat on the throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	19	05	w9qe	figs-personification		0	a voice came out from the throne	Here John speaks of the "voice" as if it were a person. Alternate translation: "someone spoke from the throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
REV	19	05	c3lm	figs-inclusive		0	Praise our God	Here "our" refers to the speaker and all God's servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
REV	19	05	cck3	figs-explicit		0	you who fear him	Here "fear" does not mean to be afraid of God, but to honor him. Alternate translation: "all you who honor him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	19	05	qdb3	figs-merism		0	both the unimportant and the powerful	The speaker uses these words together to mean all of God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV	19	06	kq7n	figs-simile		0	Then I heard what sounded like the voice of a great number of people, like the roar of many waters, and like loud crashes of thunder	John speaks of what he is hearing as if it were like the sound made by a very large crowd of people, a large body of rushing water, and very loud thunder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	19	06	mdj6			0	Hallelujah	This word means "Praise God" or "Let us praise God." See how you translated this in [Revelation 19:1](../19/01.md).
REV	19	06	e3ua			0	For the Lord	"Because the Lord"
REV	19	07	hi52	Connecting Statement:		0		The voice of the crowd from the previous verse continues speaking.
REV	19	07	api6			0	Let us rejoice	Here "us" refers to all of God's servants.
REV	19	07	m5av			0	give him the glory	"give God the glory" or "honor God"
REV	19	07	bwf9	figs-metaphor		0	wedding celebration of the Lamb ... his bride has made herself ready	Here John speaks of the joining of Jesus and his people together forever as if it were a wedding celebration. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	19	07	r5xt	writing-symlanguage		0	Lamb	This is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	19	07	j6d7	figs-metaphor		0	has come	Existing in the present is spoken of as having come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	19	07	q9e4	figs-metaphor		0	his bride has made herself ready	John speaks of God's people as if they were a bride who has gotten ready for her wedding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	19	08	pz72	figs-metaphor		0	She was permitted to be dressed in bright and clean fine linen	Here "she" refers to the people of God. John speaks of the righteous acts of God's people as if they were a bright and clean dress that a bride wears on her wedding day. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: "God allowed her to wear a dress of bright and clean fine linen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	19	09	ayc4			0	General Information:	An angel begins to speak to John. This is likely the same angel who began to speak to John in [Revelation 17:1](../17/01.md).
REV	19	09	l72p	figs-activepassive		0	those who are invited	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: "the people whom God invites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	19	09	q4ya	figs-metaphor		0	the wedding feast of the Lamb	Here the angel speaks of the joining of Jesus and his people forever as if it were a wedding feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	19	10	uq6h			0	I fell down at his feet	This means that John purposely lay on the ground and stretched himself out in reverence or submission. This action was an important part of worship, to show respect and willingness to serve. See note in [Revelation 19:3](../19/03.md).
REV	19	10	i2yq			0	your brothers	The word "brothers" here refers to all believers, male and female.
REV	19	10	up6l	figs-metaphor		0	who hold the testimony about Jesus	Here holding stands for believing in or announcing. Alternate translation: "who speak the truth about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	19	10	rku2	figs-explicit		0	for the testimony about Jesus is the spirit of prophecy	Here "spirit of prophecy" refers to God's Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: "for it is the Spirit of God who gives people the power to speak the truth about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	19	11	xx12			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of a new vision. John begins to describe a rider on a white horse.
REV	19	11	m1qn			0	Then I saw heaven open	This imagery is used to signify the beginning of a new vision. See how you translated this idea in [Revelation 4:1](../04/01.md) and [Revelation 11:19](../11/19.md) and [Revelation 15:5](../15/05.md).
REV	19	11	hcs8			0	The one riding it	The rider is Jesus.
REV	19	11	lp9a	figs-explicit		0	It is with justice that he judges and wages war	Here "justice" refers to what is right. Alternate translation: "He judges all people and wages war according to what is right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	19	12	p9ak	figs-simile		0	His eyes are like a fiery flame	John speaks of the rider's eyes as if they shone like a flame of fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	19	12	yhr7	figs-activepassive		0	He has a name written on him	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: "Someone has written a name on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	19	12	kk9x	figs-rpronouns		0	on him that no one knows but himself	"on him, and only he knows the meaning of that name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
REV	19	13	vny3	figs-activepassive		0	He wears a robe that was dipped in blood	You can state this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Blood had covered his robe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	19	13	hdk1	figs-activepassive		0	his name is called the Word of God	You can state this in active form. "Word of God" here is a metonym for Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: "his name is called the Message of God" or "his name is also the Word of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	19	15	m9yn			0	Out of his mouth goes a sharp sword	The sword blade was sticking out of his mouth. The sword itself was not in motion. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md).
REV	19	15	a88t			0	strikes down the nations	"destroys the nations" or "brings the nations under his control"
REV	19	15	uq4z	figs-metaphor		0	rule them with an iron rod	John speaks of the rider's power as if he were ruling with an iron rod. See how you translated this in [Revelation 12:5](../12/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	19	15	nb4y	figs-metaphor		0	He tramples in the winepress of the fury of the wrath of God Almighty	John speaks of the rider's destroying his enemies as if they were grapes that a person tramples in a winepress. Here "wrath" refers to God's punishment of evil persons. Alternate translation: "He crushes his enemies according to the judgment of God Almighty, just as a person crushes grapes in a winepress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	19	16	a61a	figs-activepassive		0	He has a name written on his robe and on his thigh:	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Someone has written a name on his robe and thigh:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	19	17	m6dt	figs-metonymy		0	I saw an angel standing in the sun	Here "the sun" is a metonym for the light of the sun. Alternate translation: "Then I saw an angel standing in the light of the sun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	19	18	khs9	figs-merism		0	both free and slave, the unimportant and the powerful	The angel uses these two sets of opposite-meaning words together to mean all people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV	19	20	q83v	figs-activepassive		0	The beast was captured and with him the false prophet	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The rider on the white horse captured the beast and the false prophet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	19	20	gs37			0	the mark of the beast	This was an identifying mark that indicated that the person who received it worshiped the beast. See how you translated this in [Revelation 13:17](../13/17.md).
REV	19	20	ht8g	figs-activepassive		0	The two of them were thrown alive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God threw the beast and the false prophet alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	19	20	blr1			0	the fiery lake of burning sulfur	"the lake of fire that burns with sulfur" or "place full of fire that burns with sulfur"
REV	19	21	h6ea	figs-activepassive		0	The rest of them were killed by the sword that came out of the mouth of the one who rode on the horse	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The rider of the horse killed the remainder of the beast's armies with the sword that extended from his mouth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	19	21	qk9t			0	the sword that came out of the mouth	The sword blade was sticking out of his mouth. The sword itself was not in motion. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md).
REV	20	intro	c7eh	Revelation 20 General Notes		0		# Revelation 20 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### The thousand-year reign of Christ<br><br>In this chapter, Jesus is said to reign for a thousand years, at the same time that Satan is bound. Scholars are divided over whether this refers to a future period of time or to Jesus reigning now from heaven. It is not necessary to understand this passage in order to translate it accurately. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>##### Final rebellion<br><br>This chapter also describes what happens after the thousand years are ended. During this time, Satan and many people will attempt to rebel against Jesus. This will result in God's ultimate and final victory over sin and evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>##### Great white throne<br><br>This chapter ends with God judging all people who ever lived. God separates people who believe in Jesus from those who do not believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Book of Life<br><br>This is a metaphor for eternal life. Those possessing eternal life are said to have their names written in this Book of Life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Hades and the lake of fire<br>These appear to be two distinct places. The translator may wish to do further research to determine how to translate these two places differently. They should not be made the same as each other in translation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]])<br>
REV	20	01	rkv7			0	General Information:	John begins to describe a vision of an angel throwing the devil into the bottomless pit.
REV	20	01	n8b8			0	Then I saw	Here "I" refers to John.
REV	20	01	c18c			0	bottomless pit	This is an extremely deep narrow hole. Possible meanings are 1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever or 2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
REV	20	02	r6es	writing-symlanguage		0	dragon	This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	20	03	xj22	figs-explicit		0	sealed it over him	The angel sealed the pit to keep anyone from opening it. Alternate translation: "sealed it to prevent anyone from opening it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	20	03	el4f	figs-metonymy		0	deceive the nations	Here "nations" is a metonym for the people of the earth. Alternate translation: "deceive the people-groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	20	03	ns5x	translate-numbers		0	the thousand years	"1,000 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV	20	03	y9xd	figs-activepassive		0	he must be set free	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will command the angel to free him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	20	04	lw2r			0	General Information:	This is the next part of John's vision. He describes suddenly seeing thrones and the souls of believers.
REV	20	04	qzt1	figs-activepassive		0	who had been given authority to judge	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "whom God had given authority to judge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	20	04	u3u8	figs-activepassive		0	who had been beheaded	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "whose heads others had cut off" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	20	04	tut2			0	for the testimony about Jesus and for the word of God	"because they had spoken the truth about Jesus and about the word of God"
REV	20	04	xz5l	figs-metonymy		0	for the word of God	These words are a metonym for the message from God. Alternate translation: "for what they taught about the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	20	04	cc1v			0	They came to life	"They came back to life" or "They became alive again"
REV	20	05	cw4j			0	The rest of the dead	"All of the other dead people"
REV	20	05	e1pm	translate-numbers		0	the thousand years were ended	"the end of the 1,000 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV	20	06	f3gz	figs-personification		0	Over these the second death has no power	Here John describes "death" as a person with power. Alternate translation: "These people will not experience the second death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
REV	20	06	v4z3	writing-symlanguage		0	the second death	"dying a second time." This is described as eternal punishment in the lake of fire in [Revelation 20:14](../20/14.md) and [Revelation 21:8](../21/08.md). See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "the final death in the lake of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	20	07	y1vw	figs-activepassive		0	Satan will be released from his prison	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will release Satan from his prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	20	08	g429	figs-simile		0	They will be as many as the sand of the sea	This emphasizes the extremely large number of soldiers in Satan's army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	20	09	jlc6			0	They went	"Satan's army went"
REV	20	09	f4t7			0	the beloved city	This refers to Jerusalem.
REV	20	09	jhq8	figs-personification		0	fire came down from heaven and devoured them	Here John speaks of fire as if it were alive. Alternate translation: "God sent fire from heaven to burn them up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
REV	20	10	pif3	figs-activepassive		0	The devil, who deceived them, was thrown into	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God threw the devil, who had deceived them, into" or "God's angel threw the devil, who had deceived them, into" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	20	10	rjv1			0	lake of burning sulfur	"the lake of fire that burns with sulfur" or "place full of fire that burns with sulfur." See how you translated this in [Revelation 19:20](../19/20.md).
REV	20	10	faa3	figs-activepassive		0	where the beast and the false prophet had been thrown	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "where he had also thrown the beast and the false prophet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	20	10	t5h2	figs-activepassive		0	They will be tormented	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will torment them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	20	11	n8h9			0	General Information:	This is the next part of John's vision. He describes suddenly seeing a great white throne and the dead being judged.
REV	20	11	pm1z	figs-personification		0	The earth and the heaven fled away from his presence, but there was no place for them to go	John describes heaven and earth as if they were people who were trying to escape God's judgment. This means that God completely destroyed the old heaven and earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
REV	20	12	gap2	figs-activepassive		0	the books were opened	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "someone opened the books" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	20	12	lt7k	figs-activepassive		0	The dead were judged	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God judged the people who had died and now lived again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	20	12	vvc4	figs-activepassive		0	by what was recorded	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "by what he had recorded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	20	13	ea2h	figs-personification		0	The sea gave up the dead ... Death and Hades gave up the dead	Here John speaks of the sea, death, and Hades as if they were living persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
REV	20	13	bg4u	figs-activepassive		0	the dead were judged	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God judged the dead people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	20	13	pk3k	figs-metonymy		0	Hades	Here "Hades" is a metonym that represents the place where unbelievers go when they die, to wait for God's judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	20	14	lw6b	figs-activepassive		0	Death and Hades were thrown	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God threw Death and Hades" or "God's angel threw Death and Hades" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	20	14	qv55	writing-symlanguage		0	the second death	"dying a second time." This is described as eternal punishment in the lake of fire in [Revelation 20:14](../20/14.md) and [Revelation 21:8](../21/08.md). See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "the final death in the lake of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	20	15	c9pb	figs-activepassive		0	If anyone's name was not found written	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "If God's angel did not find a person's name" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	20	15	wq31	figs-activepassive		0	he was thrown into the lake of fire	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the angel threw him into the lake of fire" or "the angel threw him into the place where fire burns forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	21	intro	pai8	Revelation 21 General Notes		0		# Revelation 21 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter gives a detailed picture of the new Jerusalem.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Second death<br><br>Death is a type of separation. The first death is physically dying, when the soul is separated from the body. The second death is being eternally separated from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/soul]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Book of Life<br><br>This is a metaphor for eternal life. Those possessing eternal life are said to have their names written in this Book of Life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### New heaven and new earth<br><br>It is unclear whether this is an entirely new heaven and earth or if it is remade out of the present heaven and earth. The same is also true of the new Jerusalem. It is possible this will affect translation in some languages. The word "new" in the original language means different and better than the old. It does not mean new in time.<br>
REV	21	01	tj16			0	General Information:	John begins to describe his vision of the new Jerusalem.
REV	21	01	vks1			0	I saw	Here "I" refers to John.
REV	21	02	er4u	figs-simile		0	like a bride adorned for her husband	This compares the new Jerusalem to a bride who has made herself beautiful for her bridegroom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	21	03	i8za	figs-metonymy		0	a great voice from the throne saying	The word "voice" refers to the one who speaks. Alternate translation: "someone speak loudly from the throne saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	21	03	gk3m			0	Look!	The word "Look" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
REV	21	03	hpt1	figs-parallelism		0	The dwelling place of God is with human beings, and he will live with them	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God will, indeed, live among men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
REV	21	04	w39g	figs-metonymy		0	He will wipe away every tear from their eyes	Tears here represent sadness. See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:17](../07/17.md). Alternate translation: "God will wipe away their sadness, like wiping away tears" or "God will cause them to not be sad anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	21	05	rq2q	figs-metonymy		0	these words are trustworthy and true	Here "words" refers to the message that they formed. Alternate translation: "this message is trustworthy and true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	21	06	dq8n	figs-parallelism		0	the alpha and the omega, the beginning and the end	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize God's eternal nature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV	21	06	li7s	figs-metaphor		0	the alpha and the omega	These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Possible meanings are 1) "the one who began all things and who ends all things" or 2) "the one who has always lived and who always will live." If these are unclear to readers, you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: "the A and the Z" or "the first and the last" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV	21	06	bf1p			0	the beginning and the end	Possible meanings are 1) "the one who began all things and the one who will cause all things to end" or 2) "the one who existed before all things and who will exist after all things."
REV	21	06	wk2c	figs-metaphor		0	To the one who thirsts ... water of life	God speaks of a person's desire for eternal life as if it were thirst and of that person receiving eternal life as if he were drinking life-giving water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	21	07	vms6	Connecting Statement:		0		The one seated on the throne continues to speak to John.
REV	21	08	hma7			0	the cowards	"those who are too afraid to do what is right"
REV	21	08	k8yp			0	the detestable	"those who do terrible things"
REV	21	08	zu27			0	the fiery lake of burning sulfur	"the lake of fire that burns with sulfur" or "place full of fire that burns with sulfur." See how you translated this in [Revelation 19:20](../19/20.md).
REV	21	08	k1hl	writing-symlanguage		0	the second death	"dying a second time." This is described as eternal punishment in the lake of fire in [Revelation 20:14](../20/14.md) and [Revelation 21:8](./08.md). See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "the final death in the lake of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	21	09	cf2m	figs-personification		0	the bride, the wife of the Lamb	The angel speaks of Jerusalem as if it were a woman who is about to marry her groom, the Lamb. Jerusalem is metonymy for those who believers who will inhabit it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	21	09	bil2	writing-symlanguage		0	the Lamb	This is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	21	10	czp2	writing-background		0	carried me away in the Spirit	The setting changes as John is taken to a high mountain where he can see the city of Jerusalem. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 17:3](../17/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
REV	21	11	g44j			0	Jerusalem	This refers to the "Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven" that he described in the previous verse and not to the physical Jerusalem.
REV	21	11	xvg6	figs-parallelism		0	like a very precious jewel, like a stone of crystal-clear jasper	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the brilliance of Jerusalem by naming a specific jewel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
REV	21	11	n51z			0	crystal-clear	"extremely clear"
REV	21	11	vvq1	translate-unknown		0	jasper	This is a valuable stone. Jasper may have been clear like glass or crystal. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:3](../04/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
REV	21	12	j9eb	translate-numbers		0	twelve gates	"12 gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
REV	21	12	qgh3	figs-activepassive		0	were written	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "someone had written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	21	14	mm12			0	Lamb	This refers to Jesus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md).
REV	21	16	fs8z	translate-numbers		0	twelve thousand stadia	"12,000 stadia." You may convert this to modern measures. Alternate translation: "2,200 kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
REV	21	17	eut1	translate-numbers		0	144 cubits	"one hundred forty-four cubits." You may convert this to modern measures. Alternate translation: "66 meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
REV	21	18	g7w8	figs-activepassive		0	The wall was built of jasper and the city of pure gold	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Someone had built the wall with jasper and the city with pure gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	21	18	n3hu	figs-simile		0	pure gold, like clear glass	The gold was so clear that it is spoken of as if it were glass. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	21	18	h239	translate-unknown		0	jasper	This is a valuable stone. Jasper may have been clear like glass or crystal. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:3](../04/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
REV	21	19	ick5	figs-activepassive		0	The foundations of the wall were adorned	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Someone adorned the foundations of the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	21	19	ke4b	translate-unknown		0	jasper ... sapphire ... agate ... emerald	These are valuable stones. Jasper may have been clear like glass or crystal. See how you translated it in [Revelation 4:3](../04/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
REV	21	20	a2tm	translate-unknown		0	onyx ... chrysolite ... beryl ... topaz ... chrysoprase ... jacinth ... amethyst	These are all precious gems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
REV	21	21	yn6i	translate-unknown		0	pearls	beautiful and valuable white beads. They are formed inside the shell of a certain kind of small animal that lives in the ocean. See how you translated this in [Revelation 17:4](../17/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
REV	21	21	g75r	figs-activepassive		0	each of the gates was made from a single pearl	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "someone had made each of the gates from a single pearl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	21	21	vp22	figs-simile		0	pure gold, like transparent glass	The gold was so clear that it is spoken of as if it was glass. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 21:18](../21/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
REV	21	22	m2ew	figs-metaphor		0	Lord God ... and the Lamb are its temple	The temple represented God's presence. This means the new Jerusalem does not need a temple because God and the Lamb will live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	21	23	v2m9	figs-metaphor		0	its lamp is the Lamb	Here the glory of Jesus, the Lamb, is spoken of as if it were a lamp that gives light to the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	21	24	j3lk	figs-metonymy		0	The nations will walk	The words "the nations" are a metonym for the people who live in the nations. "Walk" here is a metaphor for "live." Alternate translation: "The people from all the different nations will live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	21	25	lq1z	figs-activepassive		0	Its gates will not be shut	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "No one will shut the gates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	21	26	ps25			0	They will bring	"The kings of the earth will bring"
REV	21	27	n3nh	figs-doublenegatives		0	nothing unclean will ever enter into it, nor anyone	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "only what is clean will ever enter, and never anyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
REV	21	27	g7fr	figs-activepassive		0	but only those whose names are written in the Lamb's Book of Life	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "but only those whose names the Lamb wrote in his Book of Life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	21	27	cw99	writing-symlanguage		0	the Lamb	This is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	22	intro	e1ya	Revelation 22 General Notes		0		# Revelation 22 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter emphasizes that Jesus is coming soon.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Tree of life<br><br>There is probably an intended connection between the tree of life in the Garden of Eden and the tree of life mentioned in this chapter. The curse that began in Eden will end at this time.<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Alpha and omega<br><br>These are the names of the first and last letters in the Greek alphabet. The ULT spells out their names in English. This strategy can serve as a model for translators.  Some translators, however, may decide to use the first and last letters in their own alphabet. This would be "A and Z" in English.<br>## Links:<br><br>* __[Revelation 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__<br><br>__[<<](../21/intro.md) | __<br>
REV	22	01	b1ad	Connecting Statement:		0		John continues to describe the new Jerusalem as the angel shows it to him.
REV	22	01	uu7b			0	showed me	Here "me" refers to John.
REV	22	01	vl23			0	the river of the water of life	"the river flowing with life-giving water"
REV	22	01	yn2p	figs-metaphor		0	the water of life	Eternal life is spoken of as if it were provided by life-giving water. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	22	01	mxp4	writing-symlanguage		0	the Lamb	This is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
REV	22	02	l2aq	figs-metonymy		0	the nations	Here "nations" refers to the people who live in every nation. Alternate translation: "the people of all nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	22	03	d5fq			0	There will no longer be any curse	Possible meanings are 1) "There will never be anyone there that God will curse" or 2) "There will not be anyone there who is under God's curse"
REV	22	03	by36			0	his servants will serve him	Possible meanings of "his" and "him" are 1) both words refer to God the Father, or 2) both words refer to both God and the Lamb, who rule together as one.
REV	22	04	zy4x	figs-idiom		0	They will see his face	This is an idiom, meaning to be in God's presence. Alternate translation: "They will be in God's presence"  (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
REV	22	06	j51i	figs-explicit		0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the end of John's vision. In verse 6 the angel is speaking to John. In verse 7, Jesus is speaking. This can be shown clearly as is is in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	22	06	xaw8	figs-metonymy		0	These words are trustworthy and true	Here "words" refers to the message that they formed. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:5](../21/05.md). Alternate translation: "This message is trustworthy and true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	22	06	cr31	figs-metonymy		0	the God of the spirits of the prophets	Possible meanings are 1) the word "spirits" refers to the inward disposition of the prophets and indicates that God inspires them. Alternate translation: "God who inspires the prophets" or 2) the word "spirits" refers to the Holy Spirit who inspires the prophets. Alternate translation: "God who gives his Spirit to the prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	22	07	p72h			0	Look!	Here Jesus begins to speak. The word "Look" adds emphasis to what follows.
REV	22	07	afr9	figs-explicit		0	I am coming soon!	It is understood that he is coming in order to judge. See how you translated this in [Revelation 3:11](../03/11.md). Alternate translation: "I am coming to judge soon!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	22	08	xr17			0	General Information:	John tells his readers about how he responded to the angel.
REV	22	08	uvk3			0	I fell down to worship at the feet	This means that John purposely lay on the ground and stretched himself out in reverence or submission. This action was an important part of worship, to show respect and willingness to serve. See how you translated similar words in [Revelation 19:10](../19/10.md).
REV	22	10	gqa8	Connecting Statement:		0		The angel finishes speaking to John.
REV	22	10	ct48	figs-explicit		0	Do not seal up ... this book	To seal a book was to keep it closed with something that makes it impossible for anyone to read what was inside without breaking the seal. The angel is telling John not to keep the message a secret. Alternate translation: "Do not keep secret ... this book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	22	10	xc15	figs-metonymy		0	the words of the prophecy of this book	Here "words" refers to the message that they formed. See how you translated this in [Revelation 22:7](../22/07.md). Alternate translation: "This prophetic message of this book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	22	12	idc6	writing-endofstory		0	General Information:	As the book of Revelation is ending, Jesus gives a closing greeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
REV	22	13	f5jl	figs-parallelism		0	the alpha and the omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end	These three phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that Jesus has and will exist for all time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV	22	13	uup6	figs-metaphor		0	the alpha and the omega	These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Possible meanings are 1) "the one who began all things and who ends all things" or 2) "the one who has always lived and who always will live." If unclear to readers you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: "the A and the Z" or "the first and the last" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV	22	13	cpl9	figs-merism		0	the first and the last	This refers to the eternal nature of Jesus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
REV	22	13	nnm2			0	the beginning and the end	Possible meanings are 1) "the one who began all things and the one who will cause all things to end" or 2) "the one who existed before all things and who will exist after all things." See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/06.md).
REV	22	14	r16s	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues giving his closing greeting.
REV	22	14	i54w	figs-metaphor		0	those who wash their robes	Becoming righteous is spoken of as if it were washing one's clothing. See how you translated as similar phrase in [Revelation 7:14](../07/14.md). Alternate translation: "those who have become righteous, as if they have washed their robes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	22	15	aw1h			0	Outside	This means they are outside the city and not allowed to enter.
REV	22	15	tkd7	figs-metaphor		0	are the dogs	In that culture the dog was an unclean, despised animal. Here the word "dogs" is derogatory and refers to people who are wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	22	16	pu85	figs-you		0	to testify to you	Here the word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
REV	22	16	t2v9	figs-metaphor		0	the root and the descendant of David	The words "root" and "descendant" mean basically the same thing. Jesus speaks of being a "descendant" as if he were a "root" that grew out of David. Together the words emphasize that Jesus belongs to the family of David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
REV	22	16	g9uj	figs-metaphor		0	the bright morning star	Jesus speaks of himself as if he were the bright star that sometimes appears early in the morning and indicates that a new day is about to begin. See how you translated "morning star" in [Revelation 2:28](../02/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	22	17	gig5	Connecting Statement:		0		This verse is a response to what Jesus said.
REV	22	17	lt8j	figs-metaphor		0	the Bride	Believers are spoken of as if they were a bride about to be married to her groom, Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	22	17	m9at	figs-explicit		0	Come!	Possible meanings are 1) that this is an invitation for people to come and drink the water of life. Alternate translation: "Come and drink!" or 2) that this is a polite request for Jesus to return. Alternate translation: "Please come!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
REV	22	17	e2m5	figs-metaphor		0	Whoever is thirsty ... the water of life	A person's desire for eternal life is spoken of as if it were thirst and of that person receiving eternal life as if he were drinking life-giving water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	22	17	dwb6	figs-metaphor		0	the water of life	Eternal life is spoken of as if it were provided by life-giving water. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
REV	22	18	fd5l			0	General Information:	John gives his final remarks about the book of Revelation.
REV	22	18	d95j			0	I testify	Here "I" refers to John.
REV	22	18	s36m	figs-metonymy		0	the words of the prophecy of this book	Here "words" refers to the message that they formed. See how you translated this in [Revelation 22:7](../22/07.md). Alternate translation: "This prophetic message of this book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
REV	22	18	jzu8			0	If anyone adds to them ... God will add	This is a strong warning to not change anything about this prophecy.
REV	22	18	d4sc	figs-activepassive		0	that are written about in this book	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "which I have written about in this book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
REV	22	19	ss3y			0	If anyone takes away ... God will take away	This is a strong warning to not change anything about this prophecy.
REV	22	20	u6mb			0	General Information:	In these verses John gives his and Jesus' closing greetings.
REV	22	20	y9p2			0	The one who testifies	"Jesus, who testifies"
REV	22	21	xr3d			0	with everyone	"with every one of you"