2TI front intro s7fk 0 # Introduction to 2 Timothy<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of 2 Timothy<br><br>1. Paul greets Timothy and encourages him to endure hardship as he serves God (1:1-2:13).<br>1. Paul gives general instructions to Timothy (2:14–26).<br>1. Paul warns Timothy about future events and instructs him about how to carry out his service to God (3:1-4:8).<br>1. Paul makes personal remarks (4:9-24).<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of 2 Timothy?<br><br>Paul wrote 2 Timothy. He was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.<br><br>This book is the second letter Paul wrote Timothy. Timothy was his disciple and close friend. Paul wrote this letter while in prison in Rome. Paul would die soon after writing this letter.<br><br>### What is the Book of 2 Timothy about?<br><br>Paul had left Timothy in the city of Ephesus to help the believers there. Paul wrote this letter to instruct Timothy about various matter. The topics he addressed include warnings about false teachers and enduring difficult situations. This letter also shows how Paul was training Timothy to be a leader among the churches.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “2 Timothy” or “Second Timothy.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “Paul’s Second Letter to Timothy” or “The Second Letter to Timothy.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What is the soldier imagery in 2 Timothy?<br><br>As Paul waited in prison, knowing he would die soon, he often spoke of himself as a soldier of Jesus Christ. Soldiers answer to their leaders. In the same way, Christians answer to Jesus. As “soldiers” of Christ, believers are to obey his commands, even if they die as a result.<br><br>### What does it mean that God inspired Scripture?<br><br>God is the true author of Scripture. He inspired the human authors who wrote the books. That means God in some way caused the people to write what they wrote. This is why it is also referred to as God’s word. This implies several things about the Bible. First, the Bible is free from error and can be trusted. Second, we can rely on God to protect the scripture from those who want to distort it or destroy it. Third, God’s word should be translated into all the world’s languages.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Singular and plural “you”<br><br>In this book, the word “I” refers to Paul. Here the word “you” is almost always singular and refers to Timothy. The exception to this is 4:22. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])<br><br>### What did Paul mean by the expression “in Christ,” “in the Lord,” etc.?<br><br>Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression.<br><br>### What are the major textual issues in the text of the Book of 2 Timothy?<br><br>For the following verses, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULT text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.<br><br>* “Because of this, I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher” (1:11). Some older versions read, “Because of this, I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher to the Gentiles.”<br>* “Warn them before God” (2:14). Some older versions read, “Warn them before the Lord.”<br><br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-
2TI 1 intro p5lf 0 # 2 Timothy 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul formally introduces this letter in verses 1-2. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Spiritual children<br><br>Paul discipled Timothy as a Christian and a church leader. Paul may also have led him to believe in Christ. Therefore, Paul calls Timothy “beloved child.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Persecution<br>Paul was in prison when he wrote this letter. Paul encourages Timothy to be willing to suffer for the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
2TI 1 1 dcr3 figs-inclusive 0 General Information: In this book, unless otherwise noted, the word “our” refers to Paul (the writer of this letter) and Timothy (the one to whom this letter is written), as well as to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
2TI 1 1 ha4l Παῦλος 1 Paul Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. Also, immediately after introducing the author, you may need to tell to whom the letter is written, as in the UST.
2TI 1 1 vl2g διὰ θελήματος Θεοῦ 1 through the will of God “because of God’s will” or “because God wanted it to be so.” Paul became an apostle because God wanted him to be an apostle and not because a human being chose him.
2TI 1 1 e1lg κατ’ 1 according to Possible meanings are 1) “for the purpose of.” This means that God appointed Paul to tell others about God’s promise of life in Jesus or 2) “in keeping with.” This means that just as God promises that Jesus gives life, by that same will God has made Paul an apostle.
2TI 1 1 m9kv figs-metaphor ζωῆς τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 of life that is in Christ Jesus Paul speaks of “life” as if it were an object inside of Jesus. This refers to the life people receive as a result of belonging to Christ Jesus. Alternate translation: “of the life that we receive as a result of belonging to Christ Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 1 2 rp5u Τιμοθέῳ 1 to Timothy Your language may have a particular way of introducing the person who receives a letter. Also, immediately after introducing the author, you may need to tell to whom the letter is written, as in the UST.
2TI 1 2 ey7g figs-metaphor ἀγαπητῷ τέκνῳ 1 beloved child “dear child” or “child whom I love. Here “child” is a term of great love and approval. It is also likely that Paul introduced Christ to Timothy, and so this is why Paul considered him like his own child. Alternate translation: “who is like my beloved child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 1 2 w43q χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη, ἀπὸ 1 Grace, mercy, and peace from “May you experience kindness, mercy, and peace within you from” or “I pray that you will have grace, mercy, and peace from”
2TI 1 2 ub7c guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Θεοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ 1 God the Father and “God, who is the Father, and.” This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) Paul could be referring to God here as 1) the Father of Christ, or 2) the Father of believers.
2TI 1 2 yp2q Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν 1 Christ Jesus our Lord “Christ Jesus, who is our Lord”
2TI 1 3 tvb7 ᾧ λατρεύω ἀπὸ προγόνων 1 whom I serve from my forefathers “whom I serve as my ancestors did”
2TI 1 3 ha9d figs-metaphor ἐν καθαρᾷ συνειδήσει 1 with a clean conscience Paul speaks of his conscience as if it could be physically clean. A person with a “clean conscience” does not feel guilty because he has always tried to do what was right. Alternate translation: “knowing I have tried my hardest to do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 1 3 rz7s ὡς ἀδιάλειπτον ἔχω τὴν περὶ σοῦ μνείαν 1 as I constantly remember you Here “remember” is used to mean “mention” or “talk about.” Alternate translation: “when I mention you continually” or “while I talk about you all the time”
2TI 1 3 pa6q figs-merism νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας 1 night and day Here “night and day” are used together to mean “always.” Alternate translation: “always” or “at all times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2TI 1 4 kk82 figs-metonymy μεμνημένος σου τῶν δακρύων 1 I remember your tears Here “tears” represents crying. Alternate translation: “I remember how you cried for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2TI 1 4 zc8s ἐπιποθῶν σε ἰδεῖν 1 I long to see you “I want very much to see you”
2TI 1 4 gu8c figs-metaphor χαρᾶς πληρωθῶ 1 I may be filled with joy Paul speaks of himself as if he were a container that someone could fill. Also, this can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I may be joyful” or “I may have complete joy” or “I may rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TI 1 5 rhs7 figs-activepassive ὑπόμνησιν λαβὼν τῆς ἐν σοὶ 1 I have been reminded of your This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I also remember your” or “I also recall your” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TI 1 5 buc3 τῆς ἐν σοὶ ἀνυποκρίτου πίστεως 1 your genuine faith “your faith that is real” or “your faith that is sincere”
2TI 1 5 vgz2 figs-metaphor πίστεως, ἥτις ἐνῴκησεν πρῶτον ἐν τῇ μάμμῃ σου, Λωΐδι, καὶ τῇ μητρί σου, Εὐνίκῃ; πέπεισμαι δὲ ὅτι καὶ ἐν σοί 1 faith, which lived first in your grandmother Lois and your mother Eunice, and I am convinced that it lives in you also Paul is speaking of their faith as if it were something that was alive and lived in them. Paul means they have the same sort of faith. This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “faith. Lois, your grandmother, and then Eunice, your mother, had this genuine faith in God, and now I am confident that you have this same genuine faith as well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 1 6 ngi3 0 Connecting Statement: Paul encourages Timothy to live in power, love, and discipline and not to be ashamed because of Paul’s suffering in prison because of his (Paul’s) faith in Christ.
2TI 1 6 j58k δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν 1 This is the reason “For this reason” or “Because of your sincere faith in Jesus”
2TI 1 6 h6eq figs-metaphor ἀναζωπυρεῖν τὸ χάρισμα 1 to rekindle the gift Paul speaks about Timothy’s need to start using his gift again as if he were restarting a fire. Alternate translation: “to start using again the gift” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 1 6 i977 τὸ χάρισμα τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἐν σοὶ διὰ τῆς ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν μου 1 the gift of God which is in you through the laying on of my hands “the gift of God that you received when I laid my hands on you.” This refers to a time when Paul placed his hands on Timothy and prayed that God would give him power from God’s Spirit to enable him to do the work that God had called him to do.
2TI 1 7 h1z3 οὐ…ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν ὁ Θεὸς πνεῦμα δειλίας, ἀλλὰ δυνάμεως, καὶ ἀγάπης, καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ 1 God did not give us a spirit of fear, but of power and love and discipline Possible meanings are 1) “spirit” refers to the “Holy Spirit.” Alternate translation: “God’s Holy Spirit does not cause us to be afraid. He causes us to have power and love and discipline” or 2) “spirit” refers to the character of a human being. Alternate translation: “God does not cause us to be afraid but to have power and love and discipline”
2TI 1 7 k6g7 σωφρονισμοῦ 1 discipline Possible meanings are 1) the power to control ourselves or 2) the power to correct other people who are doing wrong.
2TI 1 8 fk9z τὸ μαρτύριον 1 of the testimony “of testifying” or “of telling others”
2TI 1 8 blk9 τὸν δέσμιον αὐτοῦ 1 his prisoner “a prisoner for his sake” or “a prisoner because I testify about the Lord”
2TI 1 8 ry82 figs-metaphor συνκακοπάθησον τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ 1 share in suffering for the gospel Paul speaks of suffering as if it were an object that could be shared or distributed among people. Alternate translation: “suffer with me for the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 1 8 hi9a τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ, κατὰ δύναμιν Θεοῦ 1 gospel according to the power of God “gospel, allowing God to make you strong”
2TI 1 9 ld55 κλήσει ἁγίᾳ 1 with a holy calling “with a calling that set us apart as his people” or “to be his holy people”
2TI 1 9 ub31 οὐ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα ἡμῶν 1 not according to our works “not because we did anything to deserve it”
2TI 1 9 kyr5 ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἰδίαν πρόθεσιν καὶ χάριν 1 but according to his own plan and grace “but because he planned to show us kindness”
2TI 1 9 pq1z ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 in Christ Jesus “through our relationship to Christ Jesus”
2TI 1 9 zq7m πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων 1 before times ever began “before the world began” or “before time began”
2TI 1 10 h5e5 figs-metaphor φανερωθεῖσαν δὲ νῦν, διὰ τῆς ἐπιφανείας τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 God’s salvation has been revealed by the appearing of our Savior Christ Jesus Paul speaks of salvation as if it were an object that could uncovered and shown to people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has shown how he will save us by sending our Savior Christ Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TI 1 10 i7cl figs-metaphor καταργήσαντος μὲν τὸν θάνατον 1 who put an end to death Paul speaks of death as if it were an independent process instead of the event of people dying. Alternate translation: “who destroyed death” or “who made it possible for people not to remain dead forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 1 10 i3wl figs-metaphor φωτίσαντος δὲ ζωὴν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 brought life that never ends to light through the gospel Paul speaks of teaching about eternal life as if it were an object that could be brought from darkness into light so that people could see it. Alternate translation: “taught what life that never ends is by preaching the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 1 11 tb9b figs-activepassive ἐτέθην ἐγὼ κῆρυξ 1 I was appointed a preacher This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God chose me to be a preacher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TI 1 12 j37g δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν 1 For this cause “Because I am an apostle”
2TI 1 12 p6pi figs-metaphor τὴν παραθήκην μου φυλάξαι 1 to keep that which I have entrusted to him Paul is using a metaphor of a person leaving something with another person who is supposed to protect it until he gives it back to the first person. Possible meanings are 1) Paul is trusting Jesus to help him remain faithful, or 2) Paul is trusting that Jesus will ensure that people continue spreading the gospel message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 1 12 qcu3 figs-metonymy ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν 1 that day This refers to the day when God judges all people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2TI 1 13 h1qd ὑποτύπωσιν ἔχε ὑγιαινόντων λόγων, ὧν παρ’ ἐμοῦ ἤκουσας 1 Keep the example of faithful messages that you heard from me “Keep teaching the correct ideas I have taught you” or “Use how I taught you as a pattern for what and how you should teach”
2TI 1 13 b2ld ἐν πίστει καὶ ἀγάπῃ τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 with the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus “as you trust in Jesus Christ and love him”
2TI 1 14 a3v2 διὰ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου 1 through the Holy Spirit “with the power of the Holy Spirit”
2TI 1 15 p6f4 figs-metaphor ἀπεστράφησάν με 1 turned away from me This is a metaphor that means they stopped helping Paul. They abandoned Paul because the authorities had thrown him into prison. Alternate translation: “have stopped helping me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 1 15 x6cc translate-names Φύγελος καὶ Ἑρμογένης 1 Phygelus and Hermogenes These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2TI 1 16 e6hl translate-names Ὀνησιφόρου 1 Onesiphorus This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2TI 1 16 td1q figs-metonymy τὴν ἅλυσίν μου οὐκ ἐπησχύνθη 1 was not ashamed of my chain Here “chain” is a metonym for being in prison. Onesiphorus was not ashamed that Paul was in prison but came to visit him frequently. Alternate translation: “was not ashamed that I was in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2TI 1 18 p3di δῴη αὐτῷ ὁ Κύριος, εὑρεῖν ἔλεος παρὰ Κυρίου 1 May the Lord grant to him to find mercy from him “May Onesiphorus receive mercy from the Lord” or “May the Lord show him mercy”
2TI 1 18 x2dk figs-metaphor εὑρεῖν ἔλεος παρὰ Κυρίου 1 to find mercy from him Paul speaks of mercy as if it were an object that could be found. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 1 18 f3ep figs-metonymy ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ 1 on that day This refers to the day when God will judge all people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2TI 2 intro k3zn 0 # 2 Timothy 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set words farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with verses 11-13. Paul may be quoting a poem or hymn in these verses.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### We will reign with him<br>Faithful Christians will reign with Christ in the future. (See: rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful)<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Analogies<br>In this chapter, Paul makes several analogies to teach about living as a Christian. He uses analogies of soldiers, athletes, and farmers. Later in the chapter, he uses the analogy of different kinds of containers in a house.<br>
2TI 2 1 t13s 0 Connecting Statement: Paul pictures Timothy’s Christian life as a soldier’s life, as a farmer’s life, and as an athlete’s life.
2TI 2 1 bll5 figs-metaphor τέκνον μου 1 my child Here “child” is a term of great love and approval. It is also likely that Timothy was converted to Christ by Paul, and so this is why Paul considered him like his own child. Alternate translation: “who is like my child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 1 e6ex figs-metaphor ἐνδυναμοῦ ἐν τῇ χάριτι τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 be strengthened in the grace that is in Christ Jesus Paul speaks about the motivation and determination that God’s grace allows believers to have. Alternate translation: “let God use the grace he gave you through your relationship to Christ Jesus to make you strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 2 ig9v διὰ πολλῶν μαρτύρων 1 among many witnesses “with many witnesses there to agree that what I said is true”
2TI 2 2 kv1m figs-metaphor ταῦτα παράθου πιστοῖς ἀνθρώποις 1 entrust them to faithful people Paul speaks of his instructions to Timothy as if they were objects that Timothy could give to other people and trust them to use correctly. Alternate translation: “commit them” or “teach them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 3 yc1j συνκακοπάθησον 1 Suffer hardship with me Possible meanings are 1) “Endure suffering as I do” or 2) “Share in my suffering”
2TI 2 3 juu2 figs-simile ὡς καλὸς στρατιώτης Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 as a good soldier of Christ Jesus Paul compares suffering for Christ Jesus to the suffering that a good soldier endures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2TI 2 4 a4x7 οὐδεὶς στρατευόμενος ἐμπλέκεται ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματίαις 1 No soldier serves while entangled in the affairs of this life “No soldier serves when he is involved in the everyday business of this life” or “When soldiers are serving, they do not get distracted by the ordinary things that people do.” Christ’s servants should not allow everyday life to keep them from working for Christ.
2TI 2 4 p7n5 figs-metaphor ἐμπλέκεται 1 while entangled Paul speaks of this distraction as if it were a net that tripped people up as they were walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 4 d2lg ῷ στρατολογήσαντι 1 his superior officer “his leader” or “the one who commands him”
2TI 2 5 d483 figs-explicit ἀθλῇ τις, οὐ στεφανοῦται, ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ 1 as an athlete, he is not crowned unless he competes by the rules Paul is implicitly speaking of Christ’s servants as if they were athletes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 5 xbn6 figs-activepassive οὐ στεφανοῦται, ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ 1 he is not crowned unless he competes by the rules This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will crown him as winner only if he competes by the rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TI 2 5 lea8 οὐ στεφανοῦται 1 he is not crowned “he does not win the prize.” Athletes in Paul’s time were crowned with wreaths made from the leaves of plants when they won competitions.
2TI 2 5 reg6 νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ 1 competes by the rules “competes according to the rules” or “strictly obeys the rules”
2TI 2 6 wz35 figs-metaphor τὸν κοπιῶντα γεωργὸν δεῖ πρῶτον τῶν καρπῶν μεταλαμβάνειν 1 It is necessary that the hardworking farmer receive his share of the crops first This is the third metaphor Paul gives Timothy about working. The reader should understand that Christ’s servants need to work hard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 7 bdk9 νόει ὃ λέγω 1 Think about what I am saying Paul gave Timothy word pictures, but he did not completely explain their meanings. He expected Timothy to figure out what he was saying about Christ’s servants.
2TI 2 8 rp96 0 Connecting Statement: Paul gives Timothy instructions on how to live for Christ, how to suffer for Christ, and how to teach others to live for Christ.
2TI 2 8 mh1k figs-metaphor ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυείδ 1 from David’s seed This is a metaphor that means Jesus descended from David. Alternate translation: “who is a descendant of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 8 wt31 figs-activepassive ἐγηγερμένον ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 who was raised from the dead Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God caused to live again” or “whom God raised from the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2TI 2 8 s4vh figs-metonymy κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν μου 1 according to my gospel message Paul speaks of the gospel message as if it were especially his. He means that this is the gospel message that he proclaims. Alternate translation: “according to the gospel message that I preach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2TI 2 9 t2ax figs-metonymy μέχρι δεσμῶν ὡς κακοῦργος 1 to the point of being bound with chains as a criminal Here “being chained” represents being a prisoner. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to the point of wearing chains as a criminal in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TI 2 9 pc6t figs-metaphor ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται 1 the word of God is not bound Here “bound” speaks of what happens to a prisoner, and the phrase is a metaphor that means no one can stop God’s message. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can put the word of God in prison” or “no one can stop the word of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 10 aa1x figs-activepassive διὰ τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς 1 for those who are chosen This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the people whom God has chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TI 2 10 j2bk figs-metaphor σωτηρίας τύχωσιν τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 may obtain the salvation that is in Christ Jesus Paul speaks of salvation as if it were an object that could be physically grasped. Alternate translation: “will receive salvation from Christ Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 10 el68 μετὰ δόξης αἰωνίου 1 with eternal glory “and that they will be forever with him in the glorious place where he is”
2TI 2 11 nr7u πιστὸς ὁ λόγος 1 This is a trustworthy saying “These are words you can trust”
2TI 2 11 g6e4 writing-poetry εἰ γὰρ συναπεθάνομεν, καὶ συνζήσομε 1 If we have died with him, we will also live with him This is most likely the beginning of a song or poem that Paul is quoting. If your language has a way of indicating that this is poetry, you could use it here. If not, you could translate this as regular prose rather than poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
2TI 2 11 in38 συναπεθάνομεν 1 died with him Paul uses this expression to mean that people share in Christ’s death when they trust in him, deny their own wants, and obey him.
2TI 2 13 y1wj writing-poetry εἰ ἀπιστοῦμεν…ἀρνήσασθαι…ἑαυτὸν οὐ δύναται 1 if we are unfaithful…he cannot deny himself This is most likely the end of a song or poem that Paul is quoting. If your language has a way of indicating that this is poetry you could use it here. If not, you could translate this as regular prose rather than poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
2TI 2 13 ihd4 ἀρνήσασθαι…ἑαυτὸν οὐ δύναται 1 he cannot deny himself “he must always act according to his character” or “he cannot act in ways that are the opposite of his real character”
2TI 2 14 u661 0 General Information: The word “them” may refer to “the teachers” or “the people of the church”
2TI 2 14 r5lq figs-metaphor ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 before God Paul speaks of God’s awareness of Paul as if he is in God’s physical presence. This implies that God will be Timothy’s witness. Alternate translation: “in God’s presence” or “with God as your witness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2TI 2 14 g6p7 μὴ λογομαχεῖν 1 against quarreling about words Possible meanings are 1) “not to argue about foolish things that people say” or 2) “not to quarrel about what words mean”
2TI 2 14 rke6 ἐπ’ οὐδὲν χρήσιμον 1 it is of no value “this does not benefit anyone”
2TI 2 15 m3vy σεαυτὸν, δόκιμον παραστῆσαι τῷ Θεῷ, ἐργάτην ἀνεπαίσχυντον 1 to present yourself to God as one approved, a worker who has no reason to be ashamed “to present yourself to God as a person who has proven to be worthy and with no cause for shame”
2TI 2 15 rj6y figs-metaphor ἐργάτην 1 a worker Paul presents the idea of Timothy correctly explaining God’s word as if he were a skilled workman. Alternate translation: “like a workman” or “like a worker” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 15 xgz9 ὀρθοτομοῦντα τὸν λόγος τῆς ἀληθείας 1 accurately teaches the word of truth Possible meanings are 1) “explains the message about the truth correctly” or 2) “explains the true message correctly.”
2TI 2 16 e27q figs-metaphor ἐπὶ πλεῖον…προκόψουσιν ἀσεβείας 1 which leads to more and more godlessness Paul speaks of this kind of talk as if it were something that could physically move to another location, and he speaks of godlessness as if it were that new location. Alternate translation: “which causes people to become more and more ungodly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 17 i73t figs-simile ὁ λόγος αὐτῶν ὡς γάγγραινα νομὴν ἕξει 1 Their talk will spread like cancer Cancer quickly spreads in a person’s body and destroys it. This is a metaphor that means what those people were saying would spread from person to person and harm the faith of those who heard it. Alternate translation: “What they say will spread like an infectious disease” or “Their talk will spread quickly and cause destruction like cancer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2TI 2 17 x2k6 translate-names Ὑμέναιος, καὶ Φίλητος 1 Hymenaeus and Philetus These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2TI 2 18 fi9z figs-metaphor οἵτινες περὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἠστόχησαν 1 who have gone astray from the truth Here “gone astray from the truth” is a metaphor for no longer believing or teaching what is true. Alternate translation: “who have started saying things that are not true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 18 pu22 ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι 1 the resurrection has already happened “God has already raised dead believers to eternal life”
2TI 2 18 ura5 ἀνατρέπουσιν τήν τινων πίστιν 1 they destroy the faith of some “they cause some people to stop believing”
2TI 2 19 zp5m figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Just as precious and common containers can be used for honorable ways in a wealthy house, any person who turns to God can be used by God in honorable ways in doing good works. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 19 ir1z figs-metaphor ὁ…στερεὸς θεμέλιος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἕστηκεν 1 the firm foundation of God stands Possible meanings are 1) “God’s truth is like a firm foundation” or 2) “God has established his people like a building on a firm foundation” or 3) “God’s faithfulness is like a firm foundation.” In any case, Paul speaks of this idea as if it were a building’s foundation laid in the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 19 nd7t figs-metonymy ὁ ὀνομάζων τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου 1 who names the name of the Lord “who calls on the name of the Lord.” Here “name of the Lord” refers to the Lord himself. Alternate translation: “who calls on the Lord” or “who says he is a believer in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2TI 2 19 y3bc figs-metaphor ἀποστήτω ἀπὸ ἀδικίας 1 depart from unrighteousness Paul speaks of unrighteousness as if it were a place from which one could leave. Alternate translation: “stop being evil” or “stop doing wrong things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 20 j75l figs-metaphor σκεύη χρυσᾶ καὶ ἀργυρᾶ…ξύλινα καὶ ὀστράκινα 1 containers of gold and silver…containers of wood and clay Here “containers” is a general word for bowls, plates, and pots, which people put food or drink into or on. If your language does not have a general word, use the word for “bowls” or “pots.” Paul is using this as a metaphor to describe different types of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 20 mt5e τιμὴν…ἀτιμίαν 1 honorable use…dishonorable Possible meanings are 1) “special occasions…ordinary times” or 2) “the kinds of activities people do in public…the kinds of activities people do in private.”
2TI 2 21 jm3p figs-metaphor ἐκκαθάρῃ ἑαυτὸν ἀπὸ τούτων 1 cleans himself from dishonorable use Possible meanings are 1) “separates himself from dishonorable people” or 2) “makes himself pure.” In any case, Paul speaks of this process as if it were a person washing himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 21 g79f figs-metaphor ἔσται σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν 1 he is an honorable container Paul speaks about this person as if he were an honorable container. Alternate translation: “he is like the container that is useful for special occasions” or “he is like the container that is useful for activities good people do in public” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 21 mh63 figs-activepassive ἡγιασμένον εὔχρηστον τῷ Δεσπότῃ, εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἡτοιμασμένον 1 He is set apart, useful to the Master, and prepared for every good work This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Master sets him apart, and he is ready for the Master to use him for every good work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TI 2 21 nl5d figs-metaphor ἡγιασμένον 1 He is set apart He is not set apart physically or in the sense of location, but instead to fulfill a purpose. Some versions translate this “sanctified,” but the text signals the essential idea of being set apart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 22 h9p6 figs-metaphor τὰς δὲ νεωτερικὰς ἐπιθυμίας φεῦγε 1 Flee youthful lusts Paul speaks about youthful lusts as if they are a dangerous person or animal that Timothy should run away from. Alternate translation: “Completely avoid youthful lusts” or “Absolutely refuse to do the wrong things that young people strongly desire to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 22 srb7 figs-metaphor δίωκε…δικαιοσύνην 1 Pursue righteousness Here “Pursue” means the opposite of “Flee.” Paul speaks of righteousness as if it is an object that Timothy should run towards because it will do him good. Alternate translation: “Try your best to obtain righteousness” or “Seek after righteousness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 22 hg99 μετὰ τῶν 1 with those Possible meanings are 1) Paul wants Timothy to join with other believers in pursuing righteousness, faith, love, and peace, or 2) Paul wants Timothy to be at peace and not argue with other believers.
2TI 2 22 gl3q figs-idiom τῶν ἐπικαλουμένων τὸν Κύριον 1 those who call on the Lord Here “call on the Lord” is an idiom that means to trust and worship the Lord. Alternate translation: “those who worship the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2TI 2 22 b2ti figs-metaphor ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας 1 out of a clean heart Here “clean” is a metaphor for something pure or sincere. And, “heart” here is a metonym for “thoughts” or “emotions.” Alternate translation: “with a sincere mind” or “with sincerity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2TI 2 23 tmf7 figs-metonymy τὰς δὲ μωρὰς καὶ ἀπαιδεύτους ζητήσεις παραιτοῦ 1 refuse foolish and ignorant questions “refuse to answer foolish and ignorant questions.” Paul means that the people who ask such questions are foolish and ignorant. Alternate translation: “refuse to answer the questions that foolish people who do not want to know the truth ask” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2TI 2 23 kh6p figs-metaphor γεννῶσι μάχας 1 they give birth to arguments Paul speaks of ignorant questions as if they were women giving birth to children. Alternate translation: “they cause arguments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 25 un9l ἐν πραΰτητι 1 in meekness “meekly” or “gently”
2TI 2 25 u6rp παιδεύοντα τοὺς 1 educate those “teach those” or “correct those”
2TI 2 25 jt1r figs-metaphor μήποτε δώῃ αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεὸς μετάνοιαν 1 God may perhaps give them repentance Paul speaks of repentance as if it were an object that God could give people. Alternate translation: “God may give them the opportunity to repent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 25 u8dy εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας 1 for the knowledge of the truth “so that they will know the truth”
2TI 2 26 ef3q figs-metaphor ἀνανήψωσιν 1 They may become sober again Paul speaks of sinners learning to think correctly about God as if they were drunk people becoming sober again. Alternate translation: “They may think correctly again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 26 mql8 figs-metaphor ἐκ τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου παγίδος 1 leave the devil’s trap Paul speaks of the devil’s ability to convince Christians to sin as if it were a trap. Alternate translation: “stop doing what the devil wants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 2 26 dj4j figs-metaphor ἐζωγρημένοι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ, εἰς τὸ ἐκείνου θέλημα 1 after they have been captured by him for his will Convincing Christians to sin is spoken of as if the devil had physically captured them and made them his slaves. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “after he has deceived them into obeying his will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TI 3 intro k2cr 0 # 2 Timothy 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The “last days” could mean in the future just before Jesus returns. If so, Paul is prophesying in verses 1-9 and 13 about those days. The “last days” could also mean the Christian age, including Paul’s time. If so, what Paul teaches about being persecuted applies to all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])<br>
2TI 3 1 j97t 0 Connecting Statement: Paul lets Timothy know that in the future people will stop believing the truth, but he should continuing trusting God’s word even when he is persecuted.
2TI 3 1 g65r ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις 1 In the last days Possible meanings are 1) this is a time later than Paul’s time. Alternate translation: “in the future just before Jesus returns” or 2) this refers to the Christian age, including Paul’s time. Alternate translation: “during this period of time before the end”
2TI 3 2 jb27 φίλαυτοι 1 lovers of themselves Here “lovers” refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member, a natural human love between friends or relatives. This is not the kind of love that comes from God. Alternate translation: “self-centered”
2TI 3 3 u3n7 ἄστοργοι 1 without natural affection “not loving their own families”
2TI 3 3 r2uv ἄσπονδοι 1 unable to reconcile “not agreeing with anyone” or “not living in peace with anyone”
2TI 3 3 ks9y ἀφιλάγαθοι 1 not lovers of good This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “haters of good”
2TI 3 5 k5dc figs-metaphor ἔχοντες μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας, τὴν δὲ δύναμιν αὐτῆς ἠρνημένοι 1 They will have a shape of godliness, but they will deny its power Paul speaks of godliness, the habit of honoring God, as if it were a physical object that had a shape and had physical power. Alternate translation: “They will appear to honor God, but they way they act will show that they do not really believe in God’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 3 5 tpe8 ἔχοντες μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας 1 have a shape of godliness “appear to have godliness” or “appear to honor God”
2TI 3 5 xm1c figs-metaphor τούτους ἀποτρέπου 1 Turn away from these people “Turn away” here is a metaphor for avoiding someone. Alternate translation: “Avoid these people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 3 6 gu4b ἐνδύνοντες εἰς τὰς οἰκίας, καὶ αἰχμαλωτίζοντες 1 enter into households and captivate “enter into houses and greatly influence”
2TI 3 6 u9m5 γυναικάρια 1 foolish women “women who are spiritually weak.” These women may be spiritually be weak because they fail to work at becoming godly or because they are idle and have many sins.
2TI 3 6 e9ex figs-metaphor σεσωρευμένα ἁμαρτίαις 1 who are heaped up with sins Paul speaks of the attraction of sin as if sin were heaped up on the backs of these women. Possible meanings are 1) “who sin often” or 2) “who feel terrible guilt because they continue to sin.” The idea is that these men can easily influence these women because the women are unable to stop sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 3 6 izz9 figs-metaphor ἀγόμενα ἐπιθυμίαις ποικίλαις 1 are led away by various desires Paul speaks about these various desires as if they could lead another person away. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they desire to sin in various ways rather than obey Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TI 3 8 m6a7 0 Connecting Statement: Paul gives an example of two false teachers from the time of Moses and applies it to the way people will be. Paul encourages Timothy to follow his own example and stay in God’s word.
2TI 3 8 tgn8 figs-metaphor ἀντέστησαν 1 stood against Paul speaks of those who argue against someone as if they were standing against them. Alternate translation: “opposed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 3 8 dc3z ἀνθίστανται τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 stand against the truth “oppose the gospel of Jesus”
2TI 3 8 g4kk ἄνθρωποι κατεφθαρμένοι τὸν νοῦν 1 They are men corrupt in mind “Their minds are corrupt” or “They cannot think rightly”
2TI 3 8 pfh1 ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν 1 and with regard to the faith they are proven to be false They have been tested in how well they trust in Christ and obey him, and they have failed the test. Alternate translation: “and without sincere faith” or “and they have shown that their faith is not genuine”
2TI 3 9 c6xx figs-metaphor οὐ προκόψουσιν ἐπὶ πλεῖον 1 they will not advance very far Paul uses an expression about physical movement to mean that the false teachers will not have much success among the believers. Alternate translation: “they will not have much success” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 3 10 vw42 figs-metaphor σὺ…παρηκολούθησάς μου τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ 1 you have followed my teaching Paul speaks of giving close attention to these things as if one were physically following them as they moved. Alternate translation: “you have observed my teaching” or “you have payed close attention to my teaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 3 11 r9vk figs-metaphor ἐκ πάντων, με ἐρρύσατο ὁ Κύριος 1 Out of them all, the Lord rescued me Paul speaks of God having stopped him from suffering these hardships and dangers as if God had carried him out of a physical location. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 3 12 ke7f ζῆν εὐσεβῶς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 to live in a godly manner in Christ Jesus “to live godly lives as followers of Jesus”
2TI 3 12 xm9l figs-activepassive διωχθήσονται 1 will be persecuted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will certainly have to endure persecution” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TI 3 13 imc8 προκόψουσιν ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον 1 will go from bad to worse “will become even more evil”
2TI 3 13 eyx5 figs-metaphor πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι 1 leading others and themselves astray Here, to lead someone astray is a metaphor for persuading someone to believe something that is not true. Alternate translation: “deceiving themselves and others” or “believing lies and teaching lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 3 14 ytg9 figs-metaphor μένε ἐν οἷς ἔμαθες 1 remain in the things that you have learned Paul speaks of biblical instruction as if it were a place that Timothy could stay in. Alternate translation: “do not forget what you learned” or “continue doing what you have learned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 3 15 w9l5 figs-personification ἱερὰ γράμματα οἶδας, τὰ δυνάμενά σε σοφίσαι εἰς σωτηρίαν διὰ πίστεως τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 the sacred writings. These are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus Paul speaks of the sacred writings as if they were a person who could make someone else wise. Alternate translation: “that when you read the word of God, you can become wise so as to receive salvation from Christ Jesus by faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2TI 3 16 s274 figs-activepassive πᾶσα Γραφὴ θεόπνευστος 1 All scripture has been inspired by God Some Bibles translate this as “All scripture is God-breathed.” This means God produced the scripture through his Spirit by telling people what to write. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has spoken all scripture by his Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TI 3 16 uv35 ὠφέλιμος 1 It is profitable “It is useful” or “It is beneficial”
2TI 3 16 vl2n πρὸς ἐλεγμόν 1 for conviction “for pointing out errors”
2TI 3 16 y1hf πρὸς παιδείαν τὴν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ 1 for training in righteousness “for training people to be righteous”
2TI 3 17 nb12 figs-gendernotations ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος 1 the man of God This means any believer in God whether male or female. Alternate translation: “all believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
2TI 4 intro k2xa 0 # 2 Timothy 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### “I give this solemn command”<br>Paul begins to give personal instructions to Timothy.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Crown<br>Scripture uses different kinds of crowns as images for different things. It appears Christ will award the crown in this chapter to believers as a reward for living rightly.<br>
2TI 4 1 cb15 figs-explicit διαμαρτύρομαι ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 this solemn command before God and Christ Jesus “this solemn command in the presence of God and Christ Jesus.” It is implied that God and Jesus will be Paul’s witnesses. Alternate translation: “this solemn command having as my witnesses God and Christ Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2TI 4 1 u32g figs-merism ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς 1 the living and the dead Here “the living” and “the dead” are used together to mean all people. Alternate translation: “all people who have ever lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2TI 4 1 lwt2 figs-metonymy νεκρούς, καὶ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ 1 the dead, and because of his appearing and his kingdom Here “kingdom” stands for Christ’s rule as king. Alternate translation: “the dead when he returns to rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2TI 4 2 j2z7 figs-metonymy τὸν λόγον 1 the word “Word” here is a metonym for “message.” Alternate translation: “the message about Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2TI 4 2 zzh4 figs-ellipsis ἀκαίρως 1 when it is not Here the word “convenient” is understood. Alternate translation: “when it is not convenient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2TI 4 2 u1yc παρακάλεσον, ἐν πάσῃ μακροθυμίᾳ καὶ διδαχῇ 1 exhort, with all patience and teaching “exhort, and teach the people, and always be patient with them”
2TI 4 3 jv7a ἔσται γὰρ καιρὸς ὅτε 1 For the time will come when “Because at some time in the future”
2TI 4 3 u2cc τῆς ὑγιαινούσης διδασκαλίας οὐκ ἀνέξονται 1 will not endure sound teaching “will no longer want to listen to sound teaching”
2TI 4 3 fyl3 τῆς ὑγιαινούσης διδασκαλίας 1 sound teaching This means the teaching that is true and correct, according to God’s word.
2TI 4 3 e5t2 figs-metaphor κατὰ τὰς ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας, ἑαυτοῖς ἐπισωρεύσουσιν διδασκάλους 1 they will heap up for themselves teachers according to their own desires Paul speaks of people obtaining many teachers as if it were putting them into a heap or pile. Alternate translation: “they will listen to many teachers who assure them that there is nothing wrong with their sinful desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 4 3 s375 figs-idiom κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν 1 who say what their itching ears want to hear Paul speaks of people strongly wanting to hear something as if their ears itched and could only be satisfied if teachers taught them what they wanted to hear. Alternate translation: “who say only what they want so much to hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2TI 4 4 rh2i figs-metaphor ἀπὸ μὲν τῆς ἀληθείας τὴν ἀκοὴν ἀποστρέψουσιν 1 They will turn their hearing away from the truth Paul speaks about people no longer paying attention as if they were physically turning away so they cannot hear. Alternate translation: “They will no longer pay attention to the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 4 4 xrv7 figs-metaphor τοὺς μύθους ἐκτραπήσονται 1 they will turn aside to myths Paul speaks about people starting to pay attention to myths as if they were physically turning towards them to listen. Alternate translation: “they will pay attention to teachings that are not true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 4 5 ehz7 figs-metaphor νῆφε 1 be sober-minded Paul wants his readers to think correctly about everything, and he speaks about them as if he wanted them to be sober, that is, not drunk with wine. Alternate translation: “think clearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 4 5 tv3k ἔργον…εὐαγγελιστοῦ 1 the work of an evangelist This means to tell people about who Jesus is, what he did for them, and how they are to live for him.
2TI 4 6 sh23 figs-metaphor ἐγὼ…ἤδη σπένδομαι 1 I am already being poured out Paul speaks of his readiness to die as if he were a cup of wine ready to be poured out as a sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 4 6 fb7l figs-euphemism ὁ καιρὸς τῆς ἀναλύσεώς μου ἐφέστηκεν 1 The time of my departure has come Here “departure” is a polite way of referring to death. Alternate translation: “Soon I will die and leave this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2TI 4 7 d9ts figs-metaphor τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι 1 I have competed in the good contest Paul speaks of his hard work as if he had been an athlete competing for a prize. Alternate translation: “I have done my best” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 4 7 kq83 figs-metaphor τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα 1 I have finished the race Paul speaks of his life of service to God as if he had been running a race on foot. Alternate translation: “I have completed what I needed to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 4 7 vk2p figs-metaphor τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα 1 I have kept the faith Paul speaks of his trust in Christ and his obedience to God as if they were a valuable object that he kept in his possession. Possible meanings are 1) “I have been faithful in doing my ministry” or 2) “I have kept the teachings about what we believe from any error” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 4 8 ujg5 figs-activepassive ἀπόκειταί μοι ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος 1 The crown of righteousness has been reserved for me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has reserved the crown of righteousness for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TI 4 8 hg8i figs-metaphor τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος 1 crown of righteousness Possible meanings are 1) the crown is the prize that God gives to people who have lived the right way or 2) the crown is a metaphor for righteousness. Just as the judge of a race gives a crown to the winner, when Paul finishes his life, God will declare that Paul is righteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 4 8 dwn6 στέφανος 1 crown a wreath made of laurel tree leaves that was given to winners of athletic contests
2TI 4 8 n3k8 ἐν, ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ 1 on that day “on the day when the Lord comes again” or “on the day when God judges people”
2TI 4 8 uh88 figs-pastforfuture ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς ἠγαπηκόσι τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ 1 but also to all those who have loved his appearing Paul speaks about this event as if it has already happened. It can be stated as a future event. Alternate translation: “but also he will give it to those who are eagerly waiting for him to return” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
2TI 4 9 s7xl 0 Connecting Statement: Paul talks of specific people and how they behaved, of God’s work for and to him, and then closes with greetings to and from certain people.
2TI 4 10 ji2l figs-metonymy τὸν νῦν αἰῶνα 1 this present world Here “world” refers to worldly things as opposed to the things of God. Possible meanings are 1) he loves the temporary comforts of this world or 2) he is afraid he will die if he remains with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2TI 4 10 u2qb Κρήσκης εἰς…Τίτος εἰς 1 Crescens went…and Titus went These two men had left Paul, but Paul is not saying that they also “love this present world” like Demas.
2TI 4 11 w21u μοι εὔχρηστος εἰς διακονίαν 1 he is useful to me in the work Possible meanings are 1) “he can help me in the ministry” or 2) “he can help me by serving me.”
2TI 4 13 d5rw φελόνην 1 cloak a heavy garment worn over clothes
2TI 4 13 v9b6 translate-names Κάρπῳ 1 Carpus This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2TI 4 13 k6tj τὰ βιβλία 1 the books This refers to scrolls. A scroll was a type of book made of one long sheet of papyrus or leather. After writing on a scroll or reading it, people rolled it up using rods on the ends
2TI 4 13 e395 figs-explicit μάλιστα τὰς μεμβράνας 1 especially the parchments This may refer to a specific type of scroll. Alternate translation: “especially those made from animal skins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2TI 4 14 jv63 figs-metaphor πολλά μοι κακὰ ἐνεδείξατο 1 displayed many evil deeds against me Paul speaks of doing evil deeds as if they were put on display. Alternate translation: “did many evil things to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 4 14 wbx4 figs-metaphor ἀποδώσει αὐτῷ ὁ Κύριος κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ 1 The Lord will repay him according to his deeds Paul speaks of punishment as if it were payment. Alternate translation: “The Lord will punish him for what he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 4 15 i4aj figs-metonymy ἀντέστη τοῖς ἡμετέροις λόγοις 1 opposed our words Here “words” refers to a message or teaching. Alternate translation: “opposed the message that we teach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2TI 4 16 v847 ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ μου ἀπολογίᾳ 1 At my first defense “When I first appeared in court and explained my actions”
2TI 4 16 f2c3 οὐδείς μοι παρεγένετο 1 no one stood with me “no one stayed with me and helped me”
2TI 4 16 rm2t figs-activepassive μὴ αὐτοῖς λογισθείη 1 May it not be counted against them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May God not count it against them” or “I pray that God does not punish those believers for leaving me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TI 4 17 t1fw figs-metaphor ὁ…Κύριός μοι παρέστη 1 the Lord stood by me Paul is speaking as if the Lord had physically stood with him. Alternate translation: “the Lord helped me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 4 17 y69m figs-activepassive ἵνα δι’ ἐμοῦ τὸ κήρυγμα πληροφορηθῇ 1 so that, through me, the message might be fully proclaimed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that I was able to speak all of the Lord’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2TI 4 17 gsr8 figs-metaphor ἐρύσθην ἐκ στόματος λέοντος 1 I was rescued out of the lion’s mouth Paul is speaking about danger as if he had been threatened by a lion. This danger could have been physical, spiritual, or both. Alternate translation: “I was rescued from great danger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 4 19 n4zc figs-metonymy τὸν Ὀνησιφόρου οἶκον 1 house of Onesiphorus Here “house” stands for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “family of Onesiphorus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2TI 4 21 p7px translate-names Εὔβουλος…Πούδης…Λίνος 1 Eubulus…Pudens, Linus These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2TI 4 21 cvc7 σπούδασον…ἐλθεῖν 1 Do your best to come “Make a way to come”
2TI 4 21 eh95 πρὸ χειμῶνος 1 before winter “before the cold season”
2TI 4 21 z1j9 ἀσπάζεταί σε Εὔβουλος, καὶ Πούδης, καὶ Λίνος, καὶ Κλαυδία, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ 1 greets you, also Pudens, Linus, Claudia, and all the brothers This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “greets you. Pudens, Linus, Claudia, and all the brothers also greet you”
2TI 4 21 mk26 figs-gendernotations οἱ ἀδελφοὶ 1 all the brothers Here “brothers” means all believers whether male or female. Alternate translation: “all the believers here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
2TI 4 22 tx26 figs-you ὁ Κύριος μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματός σου 1 May the Lord be with your spirit “I pray that the Lord makes your spirit strong.” Here “you” is singular and refers to Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2TI 4 22 k85y figs-you ἡ χάρις μεθ’ ὑμῶν 1 May grace be with you “I pray that the Lord shows his grace to all of you there.” Here “you” is plural and refers to all the believers there with Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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