front:intro wb5b 0 # Introduction to Ezekiel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Ezekiel\n\n1. Yahweh calls Ezekiel to speak his words (1:1–3:27)\n1. Yahweh judges Judah and Jerusalem (4:1–24:27)\n1. Ezekiel prophesies against nearby nations (25:1–32:32)\n1. Yahweh explains the fall of Jerusalem (33:1–33)\n1. Ezekiel brings messages of hope (34:1–48:35)\n * A new shepherd (34:1–31)\n * Edom destroyed (35:1–15)\n * Israel restored (36:1–37:28)\n * Gog and Magog (38:1–39:29)\n * Jerusalem and the temple restored (40:1–48:35)\n\n\n### What is Ezekiel about?\n\nThe Book of Ezekiel contains words that Ezekiel prophesied between 592 B.C. and 573 B.C. The Jewish people were exiled in Babylonia. Ezekiel told them that God had punished them because they sinned against him. However, Ezekiel assured them that God would restore them. God was using Babylon to punish them. But eventually another nation would defeat the Babylonians. Ezekiel also prophesied about how God will restore Jerusalem and the temple so that the people can worship and sacrifice to him again. Ezekiel then described how the land will be divided again among the tribes of Israel.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\n“Ezekiel” or “The Book of Ezekiel” is the traditional name for this book. Translators may also call it “The Messages from God Brought by Ezekiel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Ezekiel?\n\nEzekiel wrote the prophecies in the Book of Ezekiel. He was a prophet and priest who lived near Babylon in the time of the exile.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What was Ezekiel’s temple?\n\nSeveral chapters of the Book of Ezekiel give instructions about building a new temple. However, this temple is not the same as the temple the people would build after going back to Jerusalem. Because Ezekiel’s temple has never been built, some scholars think that this temple is to be built in the future. Other scholars think that Ezekiel’s temple is symbolic of the Church.\n\n### Do the sacrifices in Ezekiel follow the law of Moses?\n\nThe sacrifices in Ezekiel 46 are somewhat different than the required sacrifices in Numbers 28. This may be because Ezekiel prophesied about a new temple with new sacrifices.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### How should one represent Ezekiel’s visions in translation?\n\nThe Book of Ezekiel has many complicated visions. Some are similar to passages in other Scripture books that describe future events. Some of these visions are about God rescuing Israel in the distant future. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalyptic]])\n\nIt is unclear whether Ezekiel actually traveled to the particular places named in the visions, or whether what he described were mental ideas. For this reason, Ezekiel’s viewpoint is sometimes difficult to understand, even though the meanings of the visions may be clear.\n\nTranslators should avoid trying to explain these visions in their translations. Instead, they should present the visions just as they are in the source text.\n\n### What does “and you will know that I am Yahweh” mean?\n\nThis is a common phrase in the Book of Ezekiel. It is meant to assure the reader that these messages truly came from God, and that he will do what he has promised. The translator may also use the phrase “and you will understand that I am Yahweh and what I say will happen.” The UST translates it as “then you will know that I, Yahweh, have the power to do what I say that I will do.”
1:intro j5rn 0 # Ezekiel 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### Ezekiel’s call\n\nEzekiel had a vision of God calling him to prophetic ministry. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
1:1 xqf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal In the thirtieth year 0 This is the thirtieth year of Ezekiel’s life.
1:1 ad2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths the fourth month, and the fifth day of the month 0 “the fifth day of the fourth month.” This is the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifth day is around the end of June on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1:1 q33s it came about that 0 This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1:1 u5sq I was living among the captives 0 The word “I” refers to Ezekiel. “I was one of the captives”
1:1 zv3x I saw visions of God 0 Alternate translation: “God showed me unusual things”
1:1 x973 the Kebar Canal 0 This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. “the Kebar River”
1:3 rj9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns to Ezekiel … upon him there 0 Ezekiel speaks of himself as if he were another person. Alternate translation: “to me, Ezekiel … upon me there”
1:3 t4d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to Ezekiel 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Ezekiel”
1:3 c7c1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Buzi 0 This is a man’s name.
1:3 qdk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of Yahweh was upon him 0 The word “hand” is often used to refer to someone’s power or action. A person with his hand on another person has power over that other person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was controlling him”
1:3 xef3 Yahweh 0 This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
1:4 h13x Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nEzekiel continues to describe his vision.
1:4 lz9t a windstorm 0 This is a storm that has a lot of wind.
1:4 my5g coming from the north 0 North is the direction to your left when you look toward the sun while it is rising.
1:4 c9um a great cloud with fire flashing within it 0 This can be translated as a new sentence: “The storm had a very large cloud with fire flashing in it”
1:4 p3zk fire flashing 0 This could mean: (1) “flashing lightning” or (2) “constant lightning.”
1:4 uce2 brightness surrounding it and inside of it 0 Alternate translation: “a very bright light was around the cloud and inside of it”
1:4 gn1u the color of amber 0 Alternate translation: “bright yellow like amber” or “bright yellow” or “glowing yellow”
1:4 s1hw amber 0 a hard yellow resin that is used as a beautiful decoration on jewelry
1:5 wc4k In the middle 0 Alternate translation: “Inside the storm”
1:5 h7q9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the likeness of four living creatures 0 Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like these things. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what looked like four living creatures”
1:5 k13b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns This was their appearance 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “This is what they looked like”
1:5 nji4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns They had the likeness of a man 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The four creatures looked like people”
1:6 vqp7 but they had four faces each, and each of the creatures had four wings 0 “but each of them had four different faces and four wings.” Each creature had a face on the front, a face on the back, and a face on each side of its head.
1:7 lgs2 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nEzekiel continues to describe his vision.
1:7 k6hj but the soles of their feet were like the hooves of a calf 0 Alternate translation: “but their feet looked like calf hooves” or “but their feet looked like the feet of calves”
1:7 zyz1 hooves of a calf 0 the hard part of a calf’s foot
1:7 ac8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile that shone like polished bronze 0 “that were shiny like bronze that has been polished.” This describes the feet of the creatures. Alternate translation: “and they shone like polished bronze”
1:8 gr7m on all four sides 0 Alternate translation: “on all four sides of their bodies”
1:8 k4hk For all four, their faces and wings were like this 0 Alternate translation: “For all four of the creatures, their wings and their faces were like this”
1:9 xij2 they did not turn as they went 0 Alternate translation: “the creatures did not turn as they moved”
1:10 xft7 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nEzekiel continues to describe his vision.
1:10 dr2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns The likeness of their faces was like the face of a man 0 Ezekiel is describing the faces of the creatures on their front side. Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a man’s face. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The face of each creature looked like the face of a man”
1:10 cb2b The four of them had the face of a lion to the right side 0 Alternate translation: “The face on the right side of each one’s head looked like the face of a lion”
1:10 xfk6 the four of them had the face of an ox on the left side 0 Alternate translation: “the face on the left side of the head of each one looked like the face of an ox”
1:10 hzm6 They four had also the face of an eagle 0 Alternate translation: “The face on the back of the head of each one looked like the face of an eagle”
1:11 y2pe their wings were spread out above, so that each creature had a pair of wings that touched another creature’s wing 0 Alternate translation: “each creature held up two of his wings so that one wing touched the wing of the creature on one side of him, and the other wing touched the wing of the creature on the other side of him”
1:11 pd9d and also a pair of wings that covered their bodies 0 This can be translated as a new sentence: “The other two wings of each creature covered its body”
1:12 e2th Each went straight forward 0 Alternate translation: “Each creature moved with a face looking forward”
1:13 ffv8 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nEzekiel continues to describe his vision.
1:13 i6wj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like burning coals 0 Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like these things. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the words **likeness** and **appearance**, you can express the same ideas with verbal forms. Alternate translation: “As for what the living creatures looked like, they were similar to burning coals”
1:14 jq1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they had the appearance of lightning 0 Lightning flashes and then disappears quickly, and the creatures moved from one place to another quickly. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The living creatures were moving swiftly back and forth, and they looked like lightning” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1:15 me27 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nEzekiel continues to tell about his vision.
1:16 kq4i This was the appearance and structure of the wheels 0 Alternate translation: “This is what the wheels looked like and how they were made”
1:16 yue4 like beryl 0 Beryl is a kind of clear, valuable stone, often of yellow or golden color. “clear and yellow like a beryl stone” or “clear and yellow like a precious stone”
1:16 du8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the four had the same likeness 0 Here, **likeness** refers to what the four wheels looked like. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “all four of the wheels looked the same”
1:16 q9kt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns their appearance and structure was like a wheel intersecting another wheel 0 The abstract nouns “appearance” and “structure” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “they appeared to be made with one wheel going through another wheel”
1:17 d4vz Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nEzekiel continues to describe his vision.
1:17 yzc3 they went in any of their four directions 0 This could mean: (1) “their” refers to the creatures. Alternate translation: “they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards” or (2) “their” refers to the wheels.
1:18 tsz7 As for their rims 0 Alternate translation: “This is what the rims of the wheels looked like”
1:18 j5l2 they were high and fearsome 0 Alternate translation: “the rims were very tall and awe-inspiring” or “the rims where tall and frightening”
1:18 q999 for the rims were full of eyes round about 0 Alternate translation: “because the rims had very many eyes around all four of the wheels”
1:19 pwu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit When the living creatures rose up from the earth 0 The creatures were flying in the air after they left the ground. Alternate translation: “So when the creatures left the ground and went up into the air”
1:20 sqv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels 0 This could mean: (1) Ezekiel is speaking of the “creatures” of verse 19 as if they were one creature. Alternate translation: “the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels” or (2) Ezekiel is using an idiom. Alternate translation: “the spirit of life was in the wheels” or “the living spirit was in the wheels” or (3) the spirit in the creatures and in the wheels is the same. Alternate translation: “the same spirit that gave life to the creatures also gave life to the wheels”
1:22 ikj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the likeness of an expansive dome 0 Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like “an expansive dome.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what looked like an expansive dome”
1:22 l6f5 an expansive dome 0 A dome looks like a hollow ball that is cut in half. “Expansive” means very large. “a huge upside-down bowl”
1:22 hu3m awe-inspiring crystal 0 Alternate translation: “awe-inspiring ice” or “crystal that makes people marvel when they look at it”
1:22 unz5 stretched out over their heads above 0 Alternate translation: “and the expansive dome was spread out above the heads of the creatures” or “and the expansive dome took up a lot of space over the heads of the creatures”
1:23 w3ga Beneath the dome 0 Alternate translation: “under the dome”
1:23 h3u3 Each of the living creatures also had a pair to cover themselves; each had a pair to cover his own body 0 Alternate translation: “Each of the living creatures also had two other wings, which they used to cover their bodies”
1:24 x6cx Then I heard the sound of their wings. Like the noise of many waters. Like the voice of the Almighty whenever they moved. Like 0 The words **whenever they moved** could mean: (1) all the words before them in this verse, “Whenever they moved, I heard the sound of their wings. Like the noise of rushing water. Like the voice of the Almighty. Like” or (2) to the words that follow, “wings. Like the noise of rushing water. Like the voice of the Almighty. Whenever they moved, it sounded like.”
1:24 nht8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like … waters. Like … moved. Like … rainstorm. Like … army. 0 These sentences are not complete because Ezekiel was showing that he was excited about what he saw. They can be translated as complete sentences: “The wings sounded like … water. They sounded like … moved. They sounded like … rainstorm. They sounded like … army.”
1:24 pa6v many waters 0 This simply means “a lot of water.” It could refer to a loud river or a large waterfall or the waves crashing at the ocean. All of these are very loud.
1:24 a1wk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Like the voice of the Almighty 0 The Bible sometimes refers to thunder as “the voice of the Almighty.” Alternate translation: “It sounded like the voice of the Almighty God” or “It sounded like the thunder of the Almighty”
1:24 ii8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like the sound of a rainstorm 0 Possible meanings are: (1) “Like the sound of very big storm” or (2) “Like the sound of a very large crowd of people” Alternate translation: “There was a sound that was loud like a big storm” or “There was a sound that was loud like a very large crowd of people”
1:24 m4zj Whenever they stood still 0 Alternate translation: “Whenever the creatures stopped moving”
1:24 lip7 they lowered their wings 0 “the creatures let their wings hang down by their sides.” They did this when they were not using their wings to fly.
1:25 fdh7 A voice came from above the dome 0 “Someone who was above the dome spoke.” If you need to tell whose voice this is, you should probably identify it as the voice of Yahweh ([Ezekiel 1:3](../01/03.md)).
1:25 c7rf the dome over their heads 0 Alternate translation: “the dome that was over the heads of the creatures”
1:25 vx4w the dome 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:23](../01/23.md).
1:26 pwr1 over their heads 0 Alternate translation: “over the heads of the living creatures”
1:26 v6pz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns was the likeness of a throne 0 Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a throne. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “was something that looked like a throne”
1:26 fx3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns on the likeness of the throne was 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “on what looked like a throne there was”
1:26 npv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns a likeness like the appearance of a man 0 The abstract nouns “likeness” and “appearance” can be translated with verbal phrases. If you need to tell who this is, you should probably identify him as Yahweh ([Ezekiel 1:3](../01/03.md)). Alternate translation: “something that looked similar to what appeared to be a man”
1:27 t3wg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns from the appearance of his hips up 0 The person’s body above the hips looked like glowing metal that had fire in it. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “from what appeared to be his hips up”
1:27 f7ri rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns from the appearance of his hips downward the appearance of fire and brightness all around 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “all around him below what appeared to be his hips, I saw what looked like fire and a bright light”
1:28 ju5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Like the appearance of a rainbow in the clouds on a rainy day was the appearance of the bright light surrounding it 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The brightness surrounding it appeared to be like the way a rainbow appears in the clouds on a rainy day”
1:28 eww3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns It was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of Yahweh 0 Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like the glory of Yahweh. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas behind the words **appearance** and **likeness**, you can express the same idea with verbal forms. Alternate translation: “It appeared to be what looked like the glory of Yahweh”
1:28 x337 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I fell on my face 0 “I bowed down to the ground” or “I lay on the ground.” Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh.
1:28 xf7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I heard a voice speaking 0 The word “voice” is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “I heard someone speaking” or “Someone spoke, and I heard his voice”
2:intro pp1p 0 # Ezekiel 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nEzekiel’s call continues in this chapter. God appointed Ezekiel to be a prophet but warned him that the people were very rebellious and would not listen to him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
2:1 jk2d He said to me 0 If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). It was not “the Spirit.”
2:1 djp4 Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
2:2 nf31 the Spirit 0 Other This could mean: (1) “a spirit” or (2) “a wind.”
2:3 rd8n up to this very day 0 “even now” or “even today.” This means that the people of Israel were continuing to disobey God.
2:4 nn58 Their descendants 0 the descendants of the past generations of Israel who had rebelled against God, referring to the people living in Israel at the time Ezekiel writes
2:4 iw3p have stubborn faces 0 Alternate translation: “have expression on their faces that show that they are stubborn”
2:4 s6jn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet stubborn faces and hard hearts 0 The words “stubborn faces” refer to the way they act on the outside, and the words “hard hearts” refer to the way they think and feel. Together they emphasize that the people of Israel would not change how they lived in order to obey God.
2:4 nx1c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor hard hearts 0 Rocks never change and become soft, and these people never change and become sorry when they do evil things.
2:5 k6vh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house 0 This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. Alternate translation: “people group”
2:5 g4a6 a prophet has been among them 0 Alternate translation: “the one whom they have refused to listen to was a prophet”
2:6 cd8n son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
2:6 z8yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor briers and thorns and … scorpions 0 These words describe the people of Israel who will not treat Ezekiel kindly when he tells them what God says.
2:6 jsb2 briers and thorns 0 Briers are bushes with sharp points on the branches. The sharp points on the branches are called thorns.
2:6 s9um scorpions 0 A scorpion is a small animal with two front claws, six legs, and a large tail with a poisonous stinger. Its sting is very painful.
2:6 typ2 Do not fear their words 0 Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid of what they say.”
2:6 k1u5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy be dismayed by their faces 0 The words “their faces” are a metonym for the message the people express with their faces. Alternate translation: “lose your desire to serve me because of the way they look at you”
2:8 ndb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house 0 This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “people group”
2:9 p6fn a hand was extended out to me 0 This could mean: (1) a person in the heavens had extended his hand out toward Ezekiel and all Ezekiel could see was from the hand to the elbow or shoulder or (2) the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)) extended his hand.
2:9 h5d1 a written scroll 0 Alternate translation: “a scroll that had writing on it”
2:10 mxi2 He spread it out 0 The word “He” refers to the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)).
2:10 h57t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it had been written on both its front and back 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone had written on both its front and its back”
2:10 vh4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns written on it were lamentations, mourning, and woe 0 This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “lamentations,” “mourning,” and “woe.” Alternate translation: “someone had written on it that these people would lament, be sad the way they would be if someone they loved had died, and have bad things happen to them”
3:intro g699 0 # Ezekiel 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nEzekiel’s call concludes in this chapter. God told Ezekiel more about what he should say to the people and how he should say it. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]])
3:1 brw3 He said to me 0 The word “He” refers to the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)).
3:1 j5ix Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
3:1 ze6y what you have found 0 This refers to the scroll that God was giving him ([Ezekiel 2:9](../02/09.md)).
3:1 vqx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
3:2 zj66 that scroll 0 Many versions have “the scroll” or “this scroll.”
3:3 ky32 feed your belly and fill your stomach with this scroll 0 The word “belly” refers to the part of the body people can see from the outside. The word “stomach” refers to the internal organs inside the belly.
3:3 hl4l it was as sweet as honey 0 Honey tastes sweet, and the scroll tasted sweet.
3:4 m9d9 he said to me 0 If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). It was not “the Spirit.”
3:4 sch3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
3:6 t81j of strange speech or a difficult language 0 Alternate translation: “who speak a strange or difficult language”
3:6 gnx2 not to many peoples of strange speech 0 Alternate translation: “I am not sending you to a mighty nation whose people speak a strange language”
3:6 xr55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo if I sent you to them, they would have listened to you 0 This is a hypothetical situation that could have happened but did not. Yahweh did not send Ezekiel to people who did not understand his language.
3:7 w94c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet strong browed and hard hearted 0 These mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “very rebellious” or “very stubborn”
3:7 m967 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom strong browed 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “unwilling to change”
3:7 sq7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor hard hearted 0 This phrase suggests that the people resist God and are unwilling to obey him. The heart is used to describe the place in the body where a person decides what they want to do. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md).
3:8 sx8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have made your face as hard as their faces 0 A hard face is a metaphor for being stubborn. Alternate translation: “I have made you as stubborn as they are”
3:8 zi9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I have made … your brow as hard as their brows 0 The “brow” is the forehead or eyebrow and is a metonym for what the person thinks. Alternate translation: “I have made … you strong so you will not stop doing what you are doing”
3:9 ij8a I have made your brow like a diamond, harder than flint 0 Alternate translation: “I have made your brow like the hardest stone, harder than flint”
3:9 rz3c flint 0 a stone that is hard enough to start a fire by hitting it with metal or another stone
3:9 z3m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house 0 This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “people group”
3:10 z6et rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy take them into your heart and hear them with your ears 0 Here “heart” represents a person’s mind. Alternate translation: “remember them and listen carefully”
3:11 len2 Then go to the captives 0 The word “captives” refers to the people of Israel who were living in Babylon.
3:11 e5ix your people 0 “your people group.” Ezekiel had lived in Judah before the Babylonians took him to Babylon.
3:11 p7ah Lord Yahweh 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md).
3:12 it6a I heard behind me the sound of a great earthquake: “Blessed be the glory of Yahweh from his place!” 0 Some versions take “Blessed … place!” as a words that the “great earthquake” spoke: “I heard behind me the sound of a great earthquake, which said, ‘Blessed be the glory of Yahweh from his place!’” Others understand the sound of the earthquake as the sound of the glory of Yahweh leaving his place, “as the glory of Yahweh left its place, I heard behind me the sound of a great earthquake.”
3:12 pl7p the sound of a great earthquake 0 It is not clear if the sound came from an earthquake, from a voice that was loud like an earthquake, or from the wings and wheels. Alternate translation: “a sound like the sound of a great earthquake” or “a voice speaking; the voice sounded like a great earthquake” or “a loud rumbling noise”
3:12 xj77 the glory of Yahweh 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md).
3:12 uf64 the sound of a great earthquake 0 Alternate translation: “a loud, deep and powerful rumbling sound like the sound of an earthquake”
3:14 h4qw 0 # General Information:\n\nEzekiel seems to have been angry because Yahweh had sent him to speak to the Israelite exiles, thus rebelling against Yahweh himself. Though he was supposed to speak to them, he sat in silence for seven days, even though he could feel the anger of Yahweh “powerfully pressing on” him.
3:14 t94w away, and I went with bitterness in my spirit’s rage 0 The words “bitterness” and “rage” are types of anger. This can be stated as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “away. I was bitter and my spirit was full of anger” or “away. I was very bitter and angry”
3:14 x1uf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor bitterness 0 Ezekiel speaks of his anger at Yahweh as if there were a bad taste in his mouth because Yahweh had forced him to eat something that tasted bad.
3:14 w8rt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor for the hand of Yahweh was powerfully pressing on me 0 Ezekiel speaks of being sad and tired because Yahweh had commanded him to do things he did not want to do as if Yahweh were pushing him down into the ground.
3:14 llb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of Yahweh 0 This could mean: (1) the word “hand” is often used to refer to someone’s power or action. Alternate translation: “the power of Yahweh” or (2) Ezekiel knew that Yahweh was angry with him because he was not obeying Yahweh by speaking to the Israelite exiles.
3:15 i5bx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tel Aviv 0 A town in Babylon, about 80 kilometers southeast of the main city, which was also called Babylon.
3:15 bin3 the Kebar Canal 0 This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md).
3:15 n8yl overwhelmed in amazement 0 Alternate translation: “unable to do anything because I was so amazed”
3:16 ul6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
3:17 rf13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor watchman 0 God told Ezekiel to warn the people of Israel just as a watchman would warn the people of a city if enemies were coming, so that they could prepare and be safe.
3:17 xc2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
3:18 b5pw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom require his blood from your hand 0 This is an idiom for holding someone responsible or guilty of murder. Alternate translation: “treat you as if you had murdered him”
3:19 hrf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet he does not turn from his wickedness or from his wicked deeds 0 The phrase “wicked deeds” means the same thing as “wickedness.” Alternate translation: “he does not stop doing wicked things”
3:20 d1iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor set a stumbling block before him 0 This could mean: (1) “make something bad happen to him” or (2) “cause him to sin openly.”
3:20 wji4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will require his blood from your hand 0 This is an idiom for holding someone responsible or guilty of murder. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “I will treat you as if you had murdered him”
3:21 e9i5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive since he was warned 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “since you warned him”
3:22 w1ch rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of Yahweh 0 The word “hand” is often used to refer to someone’s power or action. Alternate translation: “the power of Yahweh”
3:23 ij9h the glory of Yahweh 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md).
3:23 ul8f the Kebar Canal 0 This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md).
3:23 l7j5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I fell on my face 0 “I bowed down to the ground” or “I lay on the ground.” Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md).
3:24 r8ve he spoke with me 0 If your language has to identify the one speaking, it would be best to identify the speaker as the “one who looked like a man” ([Ezekiel 1:26](../01/26.md)). It was not “the Spirit.”
3:25 f4fp they will place ropes upon you and tie you so you cannot go out among them 0 This is best translated literally.
3:26 en24 the roof of your mouth 0 Alternate translation: “the top of your mouth”
3:26 w5g2 you will be mute 0 Alternate translation: “you will not be able to speak”
3:26 z3pl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house 0 This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “people group”
3:27 pfr1 I will open your mouth 0 Alternate translation: “I will make you able to speak”
3:27 sy4s the one who will not listen will not listen 0 Alternate translation: “the one who refuses to listen will not listen”
3:27 v6ss Lord Yahweh 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md).
4:intro dz5i 0 # Ezekiel 4 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Destruction of Jerusalem\n\nThe destruction of Jerusalem is pictured in this chapter. Ezekiel showed the lack of food and water that would occur during the siege of Jerusalem.
4:1 thl9 son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
4:1 cn59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit carve the city of Jerusalem 0 You may need to make explicit that Ezekiel is to carve a picture. Alternate translation: “carve a picture of the city of Jerusalem”
4:2 hk4u lay siege against it 0 Alternate translation: “surround the city in order to capture it”
4:2 vr6r build forts against it 0 “build strong walls against it.” The walls would keep people from leaving the city.
4:2 mfb8 Raise up an assault ramp against it 0 “Build a ramp outside of it for the enemies to get inside.” Jerusalem had a wall around it to protect the people inside. The enemies could only get inside if they had a ramp to climb up over the wall.
4:2 mdb4 Place battering rams all around it 0 “Set around it huge poles people would use to break down the gates and get inside.” “Battering rams” are large trees or poles that many men in an army would pick up and hit against a wall or door so they could break it down and get inside.
4:3 d88y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction set your face against it 0 This is a command to stare at the model of the city as a symbol of punishing the city. Alternate translation: “stare at the city” or “stare at the city so that it will be harmed”
4:3 cv8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy set your face 0 Here “face” is a metonym for attention or gaze, and “set your face” refers to literally staring at something.
4:3 vw5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
4:4 qk6z put the sin of the house of Israel on it 0 This could mean: (1) “symbolically bear the punishment for the sins of the Israelites” or (2) “suffer by lying on your side because of their sin.”
4:4 tm3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
4:4 kkq5 you will carry their sin 0 This could mean: (1) “you will be guilty of their sin” or (2) “you will be punished for their sin.” Either of these meanings will be demonstrated “symbolically” by Ezekiel as noted in the UST.
4:4 u5yy lie down against the house of Israel 0 Alternate translation: “lie facing the kingdom of Israel in a hostile manner”
4:5 in3l I myself am assigning to you one day to represent each year of their punishment 0 Alternate translation: “I myself command you to lie on your side for the same number of days as the number of years that I will punish them”
4:5 rx67 each year of their punishment 0 This could mean: (1) each year that they will be punished for their sins or (2) each year that they have sinned.
4:6 y7xn these days 0 the days Ezekiel lies down on his left side to illustrate the siege of the kingdom of Israel
4:6 s4h8 you will carry the sin 0 This could mean: (1) “you will be guilty of the sin” or (2) “you will be punished for the sin.” Either of these meanings will be demonstrated symbolically by Ezekiel as noted in the UST. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 4:4](../04/04.md).
4:6 a25b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Judah 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Judah people group” or “the people of Judah”
4:7 t4rt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction Set your face toward Jerusalem that is under siege 0 This is a command to stare at the model of Jerusalem as a symbol of punishing Jerusalem. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/03.md). Alternate translation: “Stare at Jerusalem that is under siege” or “Stare at Jerusalem that is under siege, so that it will be harmed”
4:7 knw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Set your face 0 Here “face” is a metonym for attention or gaze. “Set your face” refers to literally staring at something.
4:8 lua4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am placing bonds on you 0 Bonds are ropes or chains that keep a person from moving. It is not clear whether the word “bonds” is a metaphor for something Yahweh does that is as if he had bound Ezekiel or if he is using literal, physical ropes.
4:9 q8id rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown lentils 0 These are like beans, but their seeds are very small, round, and somewhat flat.
4:9 tc9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 390 days 0 “three hundred and ninety days”
4:10 q6cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty shekels per day 0 “20 shekels per day.” A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. Alternate translation: 200 grams of bread each day” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
4:11 ba5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume a sixth of a hin 0 “1/6 hin” or “a sixth part of a hin” or “about one-half liter” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
4:11 b9rp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume a hin 0 A hin is 3.7 liters.
4:12 se16 you will bake it on excrement of human dung 0 “you will cook it over a fire made with pieces of human solid waste.” Your language may have a way of expressing this politely.
4:13 kli6 will banish 0 will send away by force
4:14 nb2f Alas, Lord Yahweh 0 “Lord Yahweh, it would be wrong for me to do that.” Ezekiel is very troubled by what the Lord has told him to do.
4:14 px83 Lord Yahweh 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md). Here Ezekiel is speaking to the Lord.
4:14 a59d foul meat has never entered my mouth 0 Alternate translation: “I have never eaten foul meat”
4:14 lc8j foul meat 0 “disgusting, unclean meat.” This refers to meat that is unclean because it has come from an animal that has died of sickness or old age or was killed by another animal. The word “foul” shows his disgust over meat like this.
4:15 n64y Look 0 Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to the important thing I will tell you now”
4:15 zf4y I have given you 0 Alternate translation: “I will allow you to use”
4:15 g35w cow manure 0 solid waste from cows. Your language may have a polite way of expressing this.
4:15 l517 human dung 0 solid waste from humans. Your language may have a polite way of expressing this. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:12](../04/12.md).
4:16 w9yv Behold 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
4:16 s5sw I am breaking the staff of bread in Jerusalem 0 Alternate translation: “I will stop the supply of food to Jerusalem”
4:16 f6dt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the staff of bread 0 The supply is called a staff because some people need a staff to walk and do their work, and people need bread to live. Bread represents all kinds of food. Alternate translation: “the supply of food” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4:16 i35y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they will eat bread while rationing it in anxiety 0 You may need to make explicit why they will ration the bread. “they will carefully divide their bread because they fear that there will not be enough”
4:16 xi3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rationing it in trembling 0 The word “shaking” is a metaphor for being afraid and “trembling” represents fear. Alternate translation: “rationing it while shaking” or “rationing it in fear”
4:17 s15b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit every man will be dismayed at his brother and waste away 0 This could mean: (1) “everyone will look at his brother and worry about how much food his brother eats and waste away” or (2) “every one of them will be dismayed and waste away”
4:17 bv4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor waste away 0 The phrase “waste away” is usually used of flesh or wood rotting. Here it is a metaphor for wicked people becoming thin and dying because they have no food.
5:intro hus5 0 # Ezekiel 5 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The destruction of Jerusalem\n\nThe destruction of Jerusalem is continued to be pictured in this chapter. Ezekiel showed the destruction of Jerusalem by fire and war.
5:1 wtm2 son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
5:1 p4tg pass the razor over your head and your beard 0 Alternate translation: “shave your head and your face” or “remove the hair from your head and the beard from your face”
5:2 p3xt when the days of the siege are completed 0 Alternate translation: “when the days of Jerusalem’s siege have ended” or “when the days have ended that you show how Jerusalem will put under siege”
5:2 aye1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction scatter a third of it to the wind 0 “let the wind blow the last third of your hair in different directions”
5:2 b6bf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will draw out a sword to chase after the people 0 The word “sword” is a metonym for enemy soldiers who will attack with their swords, and to “draw out a sword” is to send the soldiers into battle. Alternate translation: “I will cause their enemies to pursue them and attack them with swords”
5:2 f2fx I will draw out a sword 0 Alternate translation: “I will pull a sword out of its container”
5:3 y2te a small number of hairs from them 0 Alternate translation: “a few hairs from the piles”
5:3 vva4 tie them 0 The word “them” refers to the hairs. This could mean: (1) the hairs were long enough so Ezekiel could tie them or (2) Ezekiel was to sew the hairs or otherwise attach them (3) Ezekiel was to place the hairs loosely in a fold of the garment.
5:3 m7jf the folds of your robe 0 This could mean: (1) “the cloth on your arms” (“your sleeves”) or (2) “the end of the cloth on your robe” (“your hem”) or (3) the fold in the garment where it is tucked into the belt.
5:4 qx1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events Then take 0 This continues the instructions Yahweh gives to Ezekiel beginning with the words “But take” in verse 3. Ezekiel was to “take a small number of hairs” and “take more of the hair and throw it” when he shaved his hair and beard ([Ezekiel 5:1](../05/01.md)) and before he burned the hair ([Ezekiel 5:2](../05/02.md)). You may need to place these verses before those verses. “But when you shave off your hair and beard, and before you burn them, take … After you have scattered the hair to the wind, then take” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]])
5:4 k7tv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor from there a fire will go out to all the house of Israel 0 “from there a fire will spread out and burn up all the people of Israel.” Yahweh speaks of how he will punish Israel as if he were going to set fire to a house and of the people of Israel as if they were the family that lives in that house but were at that time outside the house.
5:4 isu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
5:5 g9gl Lord Yahweh 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md).
5:5 rka7 This is Jerusalem 0 “This carving represents Jerusalem” ([Ezekiel 4:1](../04/01.md))
5:5 a826 in the midst of the nations 0 This could mean: (1) other nations were on all sides of Jerusalem or (2) “more important than all other nations.”
5:7 a52g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor have not walked in my statutes 0 Walking is a metaphor for the way a person lives. Alternate translation: “have not lived according to my statutes” or “have not obeyed my statutes”
5:7 vkc9 or acted according to my decrees 0 Alternate translation: “or obeyed my decrees”
5:8 h1x6 Behold! 0 Alternate translation: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!”
5:8 xp3l I will execute judgments within your midst 0 “I will judge you in various ways” or “I will punish you” .
5:9 kbb8 what I have not done and the like of which I will not do again 0 “as I have not done before and will not do in a similar way again” or “like I have never done before and will never do again” .
5:9 v2eb because of all your disgusting actions 0 “because of all the disgusting things you do.” God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods.
5:10 k7dn fathers will eat the children in your midst, and sons will eat their fathers 0 Ezekiel is probably telling what will really happen when the people have no food.
5:10 f8kj I will execute judgment on you 0 Alternate translation: “I will judge you” or “I will punish you severely”
5:10 n6c5 scatter to every direction all of you who are left 0 Alternate translation: “I will force all of you who are left to go to different places.”
5:11 e2zn Lord Yahweh 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md).
5:11 z6sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit with all your hateful things 0 “with all of those things of yours that I hate.” You may need to make explicit that this refers to idols: “with all your idols, which I hate” or “with all your disgusting idols.”
5:11 i3z4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my eye will not have pity on you 0 The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “I will not pity you”
5:11 r14z I will not spare you 0 Alternate translation: “I will surely punish you”
5:12 a3ye they will be consumed by famine in your midst 0 Alternate translation: “many of them will die because of famine”
5:13 az69 my wrath will be completed 0 Alternate translation: “I will no longer be angry because I will have done everything I wanted to do because I was angry”
5:13 w8xw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will cause my fury toward them to rest 0 The word “fury” means violent anger, and here it is a metonym for punishment. “I will stop punishing them because I will have punished them fully.”
5:13 b1ac rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will be satisfied 0 You may need to make explicit why Yahweh will be satisfied. Alternate translation: “I will be satisfied that I have punished them enough”
5:15 aiv4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet in wrath and fury 0 The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh is very angry. Alternate translation: “because I will be very angry with you”
5:16 pk83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy will send out harsh arrows of famine against you 0 The word “arrows” is a metonym for the sharp pains that people feel when they have had no food for a long time. Alternate translation: “will make you feel the pain of intense hunger”
5:16 tq5n increase the famine on you 0 Alternate translation: “make the famine more severe for you” or “make the famine last longer for you” or “make sure that there is less and less for you to eat”
5:16 y84u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor break your staff of bread 0 A “staff” was something that people leaned upon to support them. This phrase is a metaphor that means removing the supply of food that the people were depending upon. See how “staff of bread” is translated in [Ezekiel 4:16](../04/16.md). Alternate translation: “cut off your food supply”
5:17 k7kf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Plague and blood will pass through you 0 Sickness and violent death are spoken of as if they were soldiers going through the city killing everyone they could. Alternate translation: “Many people will die of disease, and many others will die in war”
6:intro j871 0 # Ezekiel 6 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Shrines on the hill tops\n\nGod will destroy all those who have been worshiping idols at the hill top shrines.
6:1 ih46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh is telling Ezekiel to speak to the mountains as if they were people so that the people of Israel would hear the words and know that Ezekiel’s words were for them.
6:1 x3yv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
6:2 hip9 Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
6:2 u6qp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction set your face against the mountains of Israel 0 This is a command to stare at the mountains as a symbol of punishing the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/03.md). Alternate translation: “stare at the mountains of Israel” or “stare at the mountains of Israel so that the people there will be harmed”
6:2 guc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction set your face against the mountains of Israel 0 The mountains of Israel were far away, so Ezekiel could not see them, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming it. Alternate translation: “turn toward the mountains of Israel and stare” or “stare toward the mountains of Israel so that the people there will be harmed”
6:2 s98w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy set your face 0 Here “face” is a metonym for attention or gaze.
6:3 c5nh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I am bringing a sword against you 0 The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation: “I am bringing soldiers to come and kill you”
6:4 sc5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Then your altars will become desolate and your pillars will be destroyed 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will no longer worship at your altars and your enemy will destroy your pillars”
6:4 kbs8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will throw down 0 Yahweh was speaking of sending soldiers ([Ezekiel 6:3](../06/03.md)) to do these things. Alternate translation: “I will send soldiers to throw down”
6:5 utv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will lay … and scatter 0 Yahweh was speaking of sending soldiers ([Ezekiel 6:3](../06/03.md)) to do these things. Alternate translation: “I will send soldiers to lay … and scatter”
6:6 ri8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive cities will be laid waste 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Enemy armies will lay waste your cities”
6:6 iff1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they will be broken 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemy armies will break your altars” or “enemy armies will break them”
6:6 ez3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive your pillars will be cut down 0 This can be translated in active form. See how you translated “pillars” in [Ezekiel 6:4](../06/04.md). Alternate translation: “they will cut down your pillars”
6:6 qj8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive your works will be wiped away 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will remember what you have done” or “they will destroy everything you have made”
6:7 i3ub rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
6:8 p3b3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy some who escape the sword 0 The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation: “some whom the soldiers do not kill”
6:8 luc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive when you are scattered throughout the countries 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when I scatter you in different countries” or “when I force you to live in other countries”
6:9 nw31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I was grieved by their promiscuous heart that turned away from me 0 Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a woman who sleeps with many people. Alternate translation: “I was sad because they were like a wife who has left me to sleep with other men”
6:9 quq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche by their eyes that whored after their idols 0 Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a married woman who looks at other men and desires to sleep with them. Alternate translation: “by the way they desired strongly to worship idols”
6:9 cul8 they will show loathing on their face for the wickedness which they have committed 0 This could mean: (1) “their faces will show that they hate themselves because of the wicked things they have done” or (2) “their faces will show that they hate the wicked things that they have done.”
6:11 e96i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person The Lord Yahweh says this 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this”
6:11 v6gt rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage Clap your hands and stomp your foot 0 Ezekiel was to do this symbolic action to get the people’s attention. This was not applause.
6:11 nb8l Alas 0 This word is spoken by those who see people doing bad things and realize that bad things will happen to the evildoers as a result. If your language has a similar word, you might want to use it here.
6:11 w4c1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
6:11 kds2 they will fall by sword, famine, and plague. 0 To “fall” is a euphemism for to “die.” The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation:
6:12 cu81 I will accomplish my fury against them 0 Alternate translation: “I will satisfy my anger against them” or “I will punish them until I am no longer angry”
6:13 rr6w hill—on all the mountain peaks, and under every flourishing tree and thick oak 0 Another possible meaning is “hill, on all the mountain peaks, under every flourishing tree, and under every thick oak.”
6:13 txr9 flourishing 0 healthy and growing
6:13 v2z8 oak 0 a large tree with strong wood that provided shade for worshipers
7:intro rti1 0 # Ezekiel 7 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Now is the time for punishment\n\nThe people will be punished severely for their idol worship and the temple will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
7:1 kts6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
7:2 q227 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person the Lord Yahweh says this 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this”
7:2 pvc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the land of Israel 0 The word “land” is a metonym for the people who live on the land. Alternate translation: “to the people of Israel”
7:3 rmc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the end is upon you 0 The “end” is spoken of as if it were a robber attacking the people. Alternate translation: “your life is finished”
7:3 ty13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am sending out my wrath on you 0 “Wrath” is spoken of as if it were an arrow that Yahweh was shooting at the people. Alternate translation: “I am angry, and I will punish you”
7:4 s8xd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche For my eyes will not pity you 0 The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “For I will not pity you”
7:4 n5vz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will bring your ways upon you 0 The way a person lives is spoken of as a path on which one walks. Alternate translation: “I will punish you for the things you have done”
7:4 r54l your abominations will be in your midst 0 This could mean: (1) “I will punish all of you because of your abominations” or (2) “this will happen as long as you continue to worship idols.”
7:4 u9s9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
7:5 mg8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person The Lord Yahweh says this 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this”
7:5 pr6h Lord Yahweh 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:4](../02/04.md).
7:5 jx8l Disaster! A unique disaster! Behold, it is coming. 0 These exclamations are meant to make the passage very strong. Alternate translation: “Behold, a terrible disaster is coming, one that no one has ever experienced before”
7:5 s2p9 Behold, it 0 Alternate translation: “You can be absolutely sure that it”
7:6 p8rf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The end has woken up against you 0 The judgment that is coming is treated as if it were an enemy waking up from sleep.
7:7 tv29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the mountains will no longer be joyful 0 The word “mountains” is a metonym for the people who live on the mountains. Alternate translation: “the people on the mountains will not have any more joy”
7:8 efn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will pour out my fury against you and fill up my wrath upon you 0 Yahweh uses the terms “pour out” and “fill up” to speak of his anger as if it were water that he poured out into a jar. These phrases emphasize that Yahweh will punish the people severely. Alternate translation: “I will punish you severely because I am very angry” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
7:9 g3le rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche For my eye will not look compassionately 0 The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “I will not look on them with compassion” or “I will not be compassionate to them”
7:10 x4mj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Behold, the day! Behold, it is coming! 0 “Behold! The day is coming!” You may need to make explicit which day is coming. Alternate translation: “Behold! The day when I will punish you is coming!”
7:10 yu2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The rod has blossomed, arrogance has budded 0 This could mean: (1) “The people of Israel have grown very proud” or (2) “The people of Israel have become very violent and very proud.”
7:12 qp62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism The time is coming; the day has come close 0 Both “The time” and “the day” refer to the time when God will punish the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel’s punishment will happen very soon”
7:12 ny3b my anger is on the entire multitude 0 Alternate translation: “I am angry with the whole multitude”
7:12 vt9d multitude 0 a very large number of people. Here it refers to the people of Israel.
7:13 d9pl as long as they both live 0 as long as “the buyer” and “the seller” (7:12) both live
7:13 i546 the vision concerning the entire multitude will not be reversed 0 Alternate translation: “God will surely do to the multitude what he has shown me”
7:13 ex6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive none of them will be strengthened 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not strengthen any of them”
7:15 l3cl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor while famine and plague will consume those in the city 0 The word “consume” is a metaphor for “totally destroy.” Alternate translation: “and most of the people in the city will die from hunger and sickness”
7:17 iw6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Every hand will falter and every knee will be weak as water 0 The hands and knees are synecdoches for the people themselves. Alternate translation: “Everyone will be so terrified that they will be unable to work and their knees will become weak so that they cannot stand”
7:17 j698 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism every knee will be weak as water 0 Another possible translation is, “every knee will flow with water,” a euphemism for all the people losing control of their bladders because they are so frightened.
7:17 p7gb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile knee … weak as water 0 Water cannot stand up, and the people’s knees will be so weak that the people are unable to stand on their legs.
7:18 rp7c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor terror will cover them 0 Terror is spoken of as if it were clothing. Alternate translation: “everyone will see how terrified they are”
7:18 gtb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit baldness on all of their heads 0 Shaving the head was a sign of sadness. Alternate translation: “all of them will shave their heads”
7:19 ux4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive their hunger will not be satisfied 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will not be able to satisfy their hunger” or “they will still be hungry even after they eat all they have”
7:19 n5ad their iniquity has become a stumbling block 0 This could mean: (1) “because having a lot of gold and silver has led them to sin” or (2) “because they are evil, they are committing sins that show how evil they are.”
7:21 jpj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will give those things into the hand of strangers 0 The word “hand” is used to refer to control. “I will give those idols into the control of people they do not know” or “I will give those idols to people they do not know”
7:23 gu3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the land is filled with the judgment of blood 0 This could mean: (1) “everywhere in the country God is judging people because they violently killed others” or (2) “the courts everywhere in the country are murdering people.” The word “blood” here represents murder and death.
7:23 u3zi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the city is full of violence 0 The city is spoken of as if it were a container, and violence is spoken of as an object that can be put in a container. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **violence**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “violence is everywhere in the city” or “many people in the city are doing violent things to others” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
7:24 r3n8 they will possess their houses 0 the wicked will take the Israelites’ houses
7:24 a75e I will bring an end to the pride of the mighty 0 Alternate translation: “I will cause the powerful people in Israel to stop being proud of themselves”
7:24 zk6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive their holy places will be defiled! 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemies will defile the places where they worship”
7:26 v3q8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Disaster upon disaster will come 0 Disaster is spoken of as if it could move by itself. Alternate translation: “One disaster after another will happen”
7:26 sxh6 they will seek a vision from the prophet 0 Alternate translation: “they will ask the prophets what visions they have seen”
7:26 f4qm the law will perish from the priest and advice from the elders 0 “The priests will not teach the law, and the elders will not be able to give good advice.” This is because God will not give them wisdom.
7:27 t2rb the prince 0 This could mean: (1) “the king’s son” or (2) every male member of the royal family except the king.
7:27 gux5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom will dress in despair 0 This could mean: (1) clothing is a metonym for what a person feels, “will have no hope,” or (2) “will dress in clothes that show he is mourning.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:27 zy7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the hands of the people of the land will tremble in fear 0 The word “hands” is a synecdoche for the people. Alternate translation: “the people of the land will be so afraid that their hands will tremble”
8:intro xkv7 0 # Ezekiel 8 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Judah’s sin\n\nThe people have contaminated the temple with their worship of other gods and through their sin. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
8:1 b54y So it came about 0 This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
8:1 r44k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal in the sixth year 0 You may need to make explicit the time period of which this is the sixth year. Alternate translation: “in the sixth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8:1 kh86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths the sixth month, in the fifth day of the month 0 This is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifth day is near the beginning of September on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “the fifth day of the sixth month” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
8:1 g1l3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the hand of the Lord Yahweh again fell upon me 0 This should be translated literally, as Ezekiel later sees something like a hand. Others may choose to consider the hand a metaphor for Yahweh’s presence or power.
8:2 c8h3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns a likeness with the appearance of a man 0 Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like a man. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas behind the words **likeness** and **appearance**, you can express the same ideas with verbal forms. Alternate translation: “there was someone who appeared to be a man”
8:2 dw9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the appearance of his hips … the appearance of something shining 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what appeared to be his hips … what appeared to be something shining”
8:3 mje5 he reached out 0 The word “he” probably refers to the “figure like a man” ([Ezekiel 8:2](../08/02.md)).
8:3 q8np between earth and heaven 0 Alternate translation: “between the ground and the sky”
8:3 h6bp in visions from God, he brought me to Jerusalem 0 The words “in visions” mean that this experience is happening in Ezekiel’s thoughts. His body would still be in his home while God shows him these things.
8:3 k28b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the inner northern gate 0 “the inner northern gate of the temple.” The temple was surrounded by two walls, one inside the other. This gate was on the north side of the inner wall.
8:3 bpy7 the idol that provokes great jealousy 0 Alternate translation: “the idol that causes God to be very jealous”
8:4 eu7m according to the vision I had seen on the plain 0 This could mean: (1) “who looked the same as what I had seen in the vision that I saw when I was on the plain” or (2) “who looked the same as what I saw when I was on the plain.”
8:4 x9fq the plain 0 a large area of flat land that has few trees.
8:5 i1ht rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Son of man 0 “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
8:5 y68q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom lift up your eyes … lifted up my eyes 0 This idiom means that he should look towards something. Alternate translation: “look up … looked up” or “turn your head and look … turned my head and looked”
8:6 ru9g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion do you see what they are doing? 0 God uses this question to bring Ezekiel’s attention to what the people were doing. Alternate translation: “I want you to understand why I hate what the people here are doing.”
8:6 j84y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
8:7 l1ke rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the courtyard 0 You may need to make explicit which courtyard. “the temple courtyard”
8:10 a6w1 behold 0 This word shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw. Your language may have a different word to show this.
8:10 hrz5 every form of creeping thing and detestable beast 0 “carvings in the wall of all kinds of creeping animals and detestable beasts.” The phrase “creeping thing” refer to insects and other small animals.
8:10 af6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
8:10 cyf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the wall all around 0 You may need to make explicit which wall. Alternate translation: “the wall all around the temple”
8:12 h4rf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion do you see what the elders of the house of Israel are doing in the dark? 0 God is commanding Ezekiel to look at what the elders are doing. Alternate translation: “look at what the elders of the house of Israel are doing in the dark.”
8:12 jd3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
8:12 t1xu the hidden chamber of his idol 0 Alternate translation: “the room where no one can see him worship his idol”
8:14 kg11 the entrance of the gate of Yahweh’s house that was on the north side 0 This was the outer north gate—not the same one as in [Ezekiel 8:3](../08/03.md).
8:14 sjj1 behold! 0 This word shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw.
8:14 b5rb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names mourning for Tammuz 0 grieving because the false god Tammuz had died
8:15 rjm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you see this … man? 0 Yahweh is commanding Ezekiel to think about what he has just seen. Alternate translation: “Think about this … man.”
8:17 t38e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you see this … man? 0 Yahweh is commanding Ezekiel to think about what he has just seen. Alternate translation: “Think about this … man.”
8:17 rp1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is it a little thing for the house of Judah to do these abominations that they are doing here? 0 God uses this question to show that he is right to be angry at the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “I am right to be angry at the house of Judah because of these abominations that they are doing here.”
8:17 wsq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Judah 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Judah people group” or “the people of Judah”
8:17 jz5k they have filled the land with violence 0 Alternate translation: “throughout the country they are doing violent things or “all over the country they are attacking one another”
8:17 bq27 to provoke me to anger 0 Alternate translation: “to make me angry”
8:17 s9li rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom putting the branch to their noses 0 This could mean: (1) the people were using the branches in false worship or (2) the people were using the branches to show rebellion against Yahweh. The words “branch to … noses” may be a literal tree branch and literal noses, or they could be the term for a hand gesture.
8:18 ivi2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my eye will not have compassion 0 The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “I will not look on them with compassion” or “I will not be compassionate to them”
8:18 h7ic I will not spare them 0 Alternate translation: “I will still punish them”
8:18 ay27 Though they cry in my ears with a loud voice 0 Alternate translation: “Though they yell their prayers to me with a loud voice”
8:18 d7vs I will not hear them 0 Alternate translation: “I will not listen to them”
9:intro jy4e 0 # Ezekiel 9 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Sorrow over sin\n\nGod was looking for people who were sad that there was so much evil being done. Yahweh would keep these faithful people from being killed with the rest of the people. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
9:1 d5u4 he cried in my hearing 0 Alternate translation: “I heard him call out”
9:1 jw3q he cried 0 the “figure like a man” ([Ezekiel 8:2](../08/02.md)) cried
9:1 ew8m weapon of destruction 0 weapon for destroying people or things
9:2 mpa9 weapon of slaughter 0 weapon for killing many people
9:2 s8gh behold 0 Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
9:2 jt5l the upper gate that faces north 0 Alternate translation: “the upper northern gate” or “the north gate of the inner court”
9:2 b5f1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown linen 0 a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. Alternate translation: “smooth cloth”
9:2 tl3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown bronze 0 A dark gold-colored metal. It is made from mostly copper with tin added for strength.
9:3 ywh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit from the cherubim where it had been 0 This could mean: (1) “from above the four winged creatures” ([Ezekiel 1:5](../01/05.md)) or (2) from between the two cherubim in the most holy place in the temple. Try to translate this literally.
9:4 qf2l the abominations being performed in the midst of the city 0 “the horrible things being done in the city” or “the detestable things that people are doing in the city
9:5 mrs3 he spoke to the others within my hearing 0 The word “others” refers to the guards ([Ezekiel 9:1](../09/01.md)).
9:5 r5es rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Do not let your eyes have compassion 0 The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “Do not have compassion”
9:5 w6k5 do not spare 0 Alternate translation: “do not refrain from killing”
9:6 p9s8 mark on his head 0 These were the people who groaned about the abominations happening in Jerusalem. See how you translated “mark” in [Ezekiel 9:4](../09/04.md).
9:6 e6wg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Begin at my sanctuary 0 You may need to make explicit what the people are to begin to do at the sanctuary. Alternate translation: “Begin to kill the ones who do not have the mark at my sanctuary”
9:6 j3le the elders 0 This could mean: (1) the “seventy elders of the house of Israel” ([Ezekiel 8:11](../08/11.md)) or (2) any “old man” (See: the beginning of the verse).
9:7 hqw7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy attacked the city 0 The word “city” is a metonym for the people in the city. Alternate translation: “attacked the people in the city”
9:8 pb8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I fell on my face 0 “I bowed down to the ground” or “I lay on the ground.” Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md).
9:8 wp6i Ah, Lord Yahweh 0 Ezekiel says this because he is very troubled by what the Lord told the men to do to Jerusalem. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:14](../04/14.md).
9:8 tm5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom will you destroy all the remnant of Israel in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem? 0 Ezekiel is pleading with Yahweh not to destroy the remnant. Alternate translation: “please do not destroy all the remnant of Israel in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
9:8 gw3d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns in the outpouring of your wrath on Jerusalem 0 Wrath is spoken of as if it were a liquid that Yahweh could pour out of a container. The word “Jerusalem” is a metonym for the people in the city. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **outpouring**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “when you pour out your wrath on Jerusalem” or “when you punish the people of Jerusalem because you are very angry with them”
9:9 b5dk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
9:9 xs21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The land is full of blood and the city full of perversions 0 Here “land” is spoken of as if it were a container filled with blood. Here “blood” is metonym for murder. And “city” is spoken of as if it were a container and “perversions” were the contents inside of it. Alternate translation: “All over the land people are killing innocent people, and all over the city people are doing wicked things” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:10 t7gp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my eye will not look with compassion 0 The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate translation: “I will not look on them with compassion” or “I will not be compassionate to them”
9:10 ry6f bring it all on their heads 0 To bring someone’s conduct on him represents punishing him for his bad conduct. Alternate translation: “punishing them as they deserve”
9:11 u3ij Behold 0 Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to say”
9:11 yrc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown linen 0 a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/02.md). Alternate translation: “smooth cloth”
9:11 lgs3 He reported and said 0 Alternate translation: “He reported to Yahweh and told him”
10:intro yaf7 0 # Ezekiel 10 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God left the temple\n\nGod now abandoned Judah, and left the temple. This was devastating to the religious life of Judah. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
10:1 cpq3 toward the dome 0 Alternate translation: “toward the curved roof”
10:1 scp4 cherubim 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:3](../09/03.md).
10:1 fk83 like a sapphire 0 a valuable blue or green gemstone
10:1 ema4 with the appearance of the likeness of a throne 0 “that looked like something that looked like a throne.” Ezekiel is not willing to say for sure that it looked like a throne.
10:2 gcl9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown linen 0 a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/02.md). Alternate translation: “smooth cloth”
10:2 k5j9 Go between the wheels 0 Translate the word “wheels” as in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md).
10:2 k823 fiery coals 0 Coals are the burned pieces of wood left over after a fire. They are black, but they glow red and orange when they are very hot. They are also called charcoal.
10:2 h16i scatter them over the city 0 Alternate translation: “sprinkle them over the city” or “spread them over the city”
10:3 er9k Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nEzekiel interrupts his description of what was happening and describes what he saw.
10:3 gi9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit on the right side 0 As one faces east, “the right side” is toward the south. Alternate translation: “on the south side”
10:4 d8gh The glory of Yahweh 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md).
10:4 e2tx It filled 0 the glory of Yahweh filled
10:6 scy2 It came about 0 This phrase is used here to mark when the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
10:6 pzn4 when God commanded the man dressed in linen and said 0 This is a repeat of the information that was given in [Ezekiel 10:2](../10/02.md). After talking about the cherubim and God’s glory in 10:3–5, Ezekiel returns to telling about the man who was wearing linen.
10:6 hkd5 the man dressed in linen 0 Translate “linen” as in [Ezekiel 9:1](../09/01.md).
10:6 ge4b beside a wheel 0 Translate “wheel” as in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md).
10:8 n4cv I saw on the cherubim something like a man’s hand under their wings 0 Alternate translation: “I saw that the cherubim had something like a man’s hand under their wings”
10:9 cwh7 behold 0 Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw
10:9 q9j7 wheels 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md).
10:9 d8v9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the appearance of the wheels was like a beryl stone 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the wheels appeared to be like a beryl stone” or “what appeared to be wheels were like a beryl stone”
10:9 nza9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown beryl stone 0 “Beryl” here is a very hard, valuable stone. This beryl was probably green or blue.
10:10 i72z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Their appearance was the same likeness for all four of them 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “All four of them appeared to be similar”
10:10 c1u1 a wheel intersecting another wheel 0 The word “intersecting” means “crossing” or “passing through.”
10:11 vgw9 they went in any of their four directions 0 This could mean: (1) “their” refers to the creatures. Alternate translation: “they would go straight in any one of the four directions that the creatures looked towards” or (2) “their” refers to the wheels.
10:11 qn2m whatever direction the head faced, they followed 0 Here, the phrase **the head** could mean: (1) this refers to the winged creatures. Alternate translation: “they went in whatever direction the winged creatures were looking” or (2) this refers to the front wheel. Alternate translation: “they followed in whatever direction the front wheel went”
10:12 a1cv wheels 0 Translate the word “wheels” as in [Ezekiel 1:15](../01/15.md).
10:13 r5jq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the wheels were called, “Whirling.” 0 The word “Whirling” means “Spinning.” Here it is the name of the wheels. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone called the wheels, ‘Whirling.’” or “the name of the wheels was ‘Whirling.’”
10:14 edf6 They had four faces each 0 “Each cherub had four faces” or “Each of the cherubim had four faces.” Each creature had a face on the front, a face on the back, and a face on each side of its head. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:6](../01/06.md).
10:15 c58d living creatures 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:13](../01/13.md).
10:15 jya4 rose up 0 Alternate translation: “went up into the air”
10:16 r9ip They still stayed beside them 0 Alternate translation: “The wheels stayed with the cherubim.” Alternate translation: “The wheels moved with the cherubim”
10:17 x7na stood still 0 Alternate translation: “stayed still” or “did not move”
10:17 b52c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels 0 This could mean: (1) Ezekiel is speaking of the “creatures” of verse 15 as if they were one creature. Alternate translation: “the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels” or (2) Ezekiel is using an idiom. Alternate translation: “the spirit of life was in the wheels” or “the living spirit was in the wheels” or (3) the spirit in the creatures and in the wheels is the same. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:20](../01/20.md). Alternate translation: “the same spirit that gave life to the creatures also gave life to the wheels”
10:18 m9ii the glory of Yahweh 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md).
10:18 gb9v the house 0 the temple
10:18 x2tm stood over 0 Alternate translation: “stayed over” or “waited over”
10:19 c2qy came upon them from above 0 Alternate translation: “went above the cherubim”
10:20 b8ev the living creatures 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:13](../01/13.md).
10:20 mjn1 the Kebar Canal 0 This is a river that people in Chaldea had dug to give water to their gardens. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:1](../01/01.md).
10:21 is6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the likeness of human hands 0 Here, **likeness** means that what Ezekiel saw looked like human hands. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “something that looked like human hands”
10:22 vgn2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the likeness of their faces was like the faces that I had seen 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **likeness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “their faces looked like the faces that I had seen”
10:22 z9wt went straight ahead 0 Alternate translation: “faced forward” or “looked directly ahead”
11:intro p5z8 0 # Ezekiel 11 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Safety\n\nThe people were trusting Jerusalem to keep them safe. But God was going to pull them out of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nThe people in Jerusalem used the metaphor “this city is the pot and we are the meat in the pot” meaning they were safe in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:1 fu8k to the eastern gate of Yahweh’s house, facing east 0 This gate was part of the wall that surrounded the temple area. Alternate translation: “the gate on the eastern side of the wall surrounding Yahweh’s house” or “the gate on the eastern wall of the temple courtyard”
11:1 vq4e Yahweh’s house 0 See how you translated this phrase in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
11:1 i38v behold 0 The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
11:1 w2rd among them 0 Alternate translation: “among the twenty-five men”
11:2 unw8 Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
11:3 g14h The time to build houses is not now 0 This shows the people feel so secure they are not worried about building houses now. Other versions of the Bible read, “Now is the time to build our houses.” This would mean that the people want to build houses because they feel secure.
11:3 a2wt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor this city is the pot, and we are the meat 0 The people speak of themselves as if they were good cuts of meat and of the city as if it were a pot in which the meat was stored or cooked. The metaphor suggests that they are important and safe within the city. Alternate translation: “This city is like a pot that will protect us as a pot protects meat”
11:5 n2rp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the Spirit of Yahweh fell on me 0 Ezekiel speaks of the Spirit of Yahweh inspiring and empowering him to prophesy as if the Spirit of Yahweh fell upon him. Alternate translation: “the Spirit of Yahweh empowered me”
11:5 x459 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “Israelites” or “Israelite people group”
11:7 n3xy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The people you have killed … are the meat, and this city is the pot 0 Yahweh speaks of the people whom they have killed as if they were good cuts of meat and of the city as if it were a pot in which the meat was stored or cooked. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 11:3](../11/03.md). Alternate translation: “The people you have killed … are like the meat in the pot, and this city is like the pot.
11:7 bdf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive But you are going to be brought out 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But I am going to bring you out”
11:8 qb7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
11:9 wxb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy put you into the hands of foreigners 0 Here the metonym “hands” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “put you into the power of foreigners” or “enable foreigners to capture you”
11:10 g6p1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You will fall by the sword 0 The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation: “They will kill you with their swords” or “You will die in battle”
11:10 t7zd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
11:11 th4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor This city will not be your cooking pot, nor will you be the meat 0 The people had spoken of themselves as if they were good cuts of meat and of the city as if it were a pot in which the meat was stored or cooked. Yahweh says that this is not true. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 11:3](../11/03.md). Alternate translation: “This city is not like a pot that will protect you as a pot protects meat”
11:12 yep1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the one whose statutes you have not walked in 0 Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if it were walking in them, like person would walk along a road. Alternate translation: “the one whose statutes you have not obeyed”
11:13 gb3r It came about 0 This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
11:13 t9qn rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Pelatiah son of Benaiah 0 This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:1](../11/01.md).
11:13 b8by rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I fell on my face 0 “I bowed down to the ground” or “I lay on the ground.” Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
11:13 xi9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations Alas, Lord Yahweh 0 The word “Alas” is an exclamation that expresses fear and sadness. Alternate translation: “Oh no, Lord Yahweh” or “Ah, Lord Yahweh”
11:14 tw4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
11:15 e296 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family, in this case the Israelites who are the descendants of Jacob. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the people of Israel”
11:15 lm9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive All of them are those of whom it is said by those living in Jerusalem 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people living in Jerusalem say about all of them”
11:15 tkv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive This land was given to us as our possession 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given this land to us as our possession” or “This land has become our possession”
11:16 g1a3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have been a sanctuary for them 0 Yahweh speaks of dwelling among the people who are in exile as if he were a sanctuary for them. Alternate translation: “I have been with them” or “I have been like their place of worship”
11:17 ycl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism I will gather you from the peoples, and assemble you from the lands 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition emphasizes the surety of Yahweh’s promise to bring the exiles back to the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “I will bring you back from all of the nations”
11:17 w63v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive where you were scattered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “where I scattered you”
11:18 gyd9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet every detestable thing and every abomination 0 These words have similar meanings and emphasize that God will remove all the idols from Israel.
11:19 twq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will give them one heart … give them a heart of flesh 0 Yahweh speaks of all of the Israelites who are in exile as if they are one person, with one heart and one spirit.
11:19 c2mx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will give them one heart 0 Here the metonym “heart” represents the will and emotions. Yahweh speaks of causing all of the people to share the same new emotions as if he were giving them one heart. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:19 g99v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will put a new spirit within them 0 Here the metonym “spirit” represents the thoughts and disposition. Yahweh speaks of causing the people to think new thoughts as if he were giving them a new spirit. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:19 p8jh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will take out the heart of stone from their flesh and give them a heart of flesh 0 Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had a stone heart and of their being willingly obedient as if they had a heart of flesh. He speaks of causing them to become willingly obedient as if he were exchanging those two hearts. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to stop being stubborn and instead cause them to obey me willingly”
11:20 w6pp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism they will walk in my statutes, they will carry out my decrees and do them 0 Each of these phrases have similar meanings and describes the people as obeying what Yahweh has commanded them to do. They are repeated for emphasis.
11:20 rbp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they will walk in my statutes 0 Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if it were walking in them, like a person would walk along a road. Alternate translation: “they will obey my statutes”
11:21 v47i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor those who walk with affection toward their detestable things 0 Yahweh speaks of a person’s conduct as if it were the person walking. Alternate translation: “those who conduct their lives out of devotion to their detestable things”
11:21 e32n detestable things 0 This means things that cause hatred or disgust. Here it refers to idols. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:18](../11/18.md).
11:21 el11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will bring their conduct on their own heads 0 Here the metonym “conduct” represents the consequences of their actions. The idiom “bring … on their own heads” means they will experience these consequences. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to suffer the consequences of their actions” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:24 tg29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the vision that I had seen went up from upon me 0 Ezekiel speaks of the vision ending as if the vision was an object that had been upon him and then left him. Alternate translation: “the vision that I had seen ended”
12:intro f6uu 0 # Ezekiel 12 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Exile\n\nGod warned that very soon the people in Jerusalem would be exiled to Babylon.
12:1 k8p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
12:2 jq8g Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
12:2 hn5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a rebellious house 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “a rebellious people”
12:2 l1eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they have eyes to see but they do not see … they have ears to hear but do not listen 0 People being unable to understand Yahweh’s message and what he is doing is spoken of as if the people were unable physically to see and hear.
12:3 xs13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Perhaps they will begin to see 0 People being able to understand Yahweh’s message and what he is doing is spoken of as if the people were able physically to see.
12:3 c6qb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a rebellious house 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “a rebellious people”
12:6 u4pj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor have set you as a sign 0 Here the word “sign” refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of Ezekiel and his actions as being this warning. Alternate translation: “have made you to be a warning”
12:6 qb8m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group”
12:7 j529 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive just as I was commanded 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as Yahweh commanded me”
12:8 l466 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
12:9 l9r6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Son of man, is the house of Israel, that rebellious house, not asking, ‘What are you doing?’ 0 God asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knew—that the people had asked him this question. Alternate translation: “Son of man, the house of Israel, that rebellious house, is asking, ‘What are you doing?’”
12:9 jq4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel, that rebellious house 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. Translate “rebellious house” as in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “the people of Israel, that rebellious people”
12:9 vl36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit What are you doing 0 Since the people had seen what Ezekiel was doing, their question implies their desire to know the reason why he was doing it. Alternate translation: “What is the meaning of the things you are doing”
12:10 f31s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in whose midst they are 0 The phrase “in whose midst” refers to Jerusalem, while “they” refers to the “house of Israel.” Alternate translation: “who are in Jerusalem”
12:11 bud3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am a sign to you 0 Here the word “sign” refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Ezekiel speaks of himself and his actions as being this warning. Alternate translation: “I am a warning to you”
12:11 lu5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive so it will be done to them 0 The word “them” refers to the people living in Jerusalem. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so others will do to them”
12:13 v599 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will spread out my net over him and he will be caught in my snare 0 Yahweh speaks of enabling the Chaldeans to capture the prince as if he himself were catching the prince in a trap that he had set.
12:13 b8eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will bring him to Babylon 0 Yahweh speaks of enabling the Chaldeans to bring the prince to Babylon as if he himself were bringing the prince there. Alternate translation: “I will cause the Chaldeans to bring him to Babylon”
12:14 g1lt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will send out a sword after them 0 The word “sword” is a metonym for enemy armies who will attack with their swords. Alternate translation: “I will send armies to pursue them with swords”
12:15 b8dc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
12:15 z9cd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism when I scatter them among the nations and disperse them throughout the lands 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “when I cause them to separate from each other and live in different nations”
12:16 gum8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will spare … from the sword, famine, and plague 0 The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. You may need to make explicit that they will not die from famine or plague. Alternate translation: “I will keep … from dying in battle, from starving to death, and from dying of disease” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12:17 hw99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
12:19 k8x8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the land will be despoiled of its fullness 0 The word “fullness” refers to everything in the land. The word “despoiled” means that people will empty the land of everything in it. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “others will empty the land of everything in it”
12:20 qv3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the cities that were inhabited will be desolate 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the cities where people lived will be desolate”
12:21 s431 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
12:22 c3l9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion what is this proverb that you have in the land of Israel that says, ‘The days are prolonged, and every vision fails’? 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel something he already knows. The question is a mild rebuke for the people who use the proverb. Alternate translation: “the people in the land of Israel have this proverb that says, ‘The days are prolonged, and every vision fails.’
12:22 izv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The days are prolonged 0 This idiom means that many days have passed. Alternate translation: “Many days have passed” or “Time has gone by”
12:22 e12i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit every vision fails 0 This means that the visions that the prophets receive and communicate to the people fail to happen. Alternate translation: “every prophetic vision fails to happen”
12:23 q8d7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The days have drawn near 0 This phrase refers to the days in which Israel will be judged. Alternate translation: “The days of judgment are coming soon”
12:23 d1nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive every vision will be fulfilled 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will fulfill every vision”
12:24 ic9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group”
12:25 u14a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I carry out the words that I speak 0 This idiom means that Yahweh does what he says. Alternate translation: “I do the things that I say”
12:25 tt5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The matter will no longer be delayed 0 The “matter” refers to the things that Yahweh says will happen. Alternate translation: “What I say will no longer be delayed” or “What I say will happen soon”
12:25 k2w3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom in your days 0 This idiom refers to the period of time in which a person lives. Alternate translation: “while you are alive” or “during you lifetime”
12:25 v5wt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rebellious house 0 This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “rebellious people”
12:25 a4fd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
12:26 pru4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
12:27 g561 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group”
12:27 e8hv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism The vision that he sees is for many days from now, and he prophesies of far off times 0 These phrases are both ways the people of Israel are saying Ezekiel’s warnings will not happen in their lifetime but will happen far in the future.
12:28 t479 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive My words will not be delayed any longer 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will no longer delay the word I have spoken” or “I will no longer delay doing what I said I would do”
13:intro g7xl 0 # Ezekiel 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### False prophets\n\nGod spoke against people who said they were prophesying but had not received any message from God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nGod said of people who encourage others to feel safe even when they continue to sin were not strengthening a wall but just putting whitewash on it to hide the imperfections. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:1 eh7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
13:2 xk9v Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
13:2 wva8 prophesying out of their own imaginations 0 Alternate translation: “prophesying only the things that they imagine”
13:3 utk4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom who follow their own spirit 0 Here the word “spirit” represents the thoughts and ideas of the person. To “follow” here is an idiom that means to do what their own ideas suggest for them to do. Alternate translation: “who act according to their own ideas”
13:4 m1pb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like jackals in the wastelands 0 Like jackals that scavenge for food and shelter among the abandoned ruins of cities, the prophets are using the destruction of Jerusalem for their own benefit.
13:5 l4sl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group”
13:5 m2a3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit resist in battle 0 You can supply the implicit information here. Alternate translation: “resist the enemy armies” or “defend the city”
13:5 nqi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the day of Yahweh 0 This refers to the time when Yahweh will judge his people by means of an enemy army. Alternate translation: “the day of Yahweh’s judgment” or “the day when Yahweh judges you by sending enemy armies to attack you”
13:6 bj6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Such and such 0 This is a phrase used to refer to anything the prophet may have said. Your language may have another way to say this.
13:7 dd96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you not had false visions … when I myself have not spoken? 0 Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the false prophets. Alternate translation: “You have had false visions … because I myself have not spoken.”
13:7 ul2r had false visions and made false predictions 0 Since the false prophets have not really received a message from Yahweh, what they predict about the future is not true.
13:8 g7d3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
13:9 yjk8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy My hand will be against the prophets 0 Here the word “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. That his hand will be against them is a metaphor that means that he will punish them with his power. Alternate translation: “I will punish the prophets” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:9 bvb5 They will not be in the assembly of my people 0 This means that Yahweh will not consider these false prophets to be part of the people of Israel.
13:9 lpb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive or enrolled in the record of the house of Israel 0 This probably refers to an official record of the citizens of Israel. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “nor will anyone enroll their names in the record of the house of Israel”
13:9 d6b4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group”
13:9 rw99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am the Lord Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am the Lord Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, the Lord Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
13:10 j6bq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 # General Information:\n\nIn these verses, Yahweh speaks of the false security that the prophets have given to the people by speaking of peace as if the prophets had built a poorly-constructed wall and covered it over with white paint in order to make it look good.
13:10 w5mi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they led my people astray 0 Yahweh speaks of the prophets deceiving the people and getting them to believe lies as if the prophets had led the people away from the path upon which they should have been walking.
13:10 l5v7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they are building a wall that they will paint with whitewash 0 Here “a wall” stands for peace and security that the false prophets told the people that Yahweh was promising to give them.
13:10 i365 whitewash 0 The word “whitewash” refers to a white liquid mixture or paint used to cover up impurities and make surfaces white.
13:11 z2ym whitewashing 0 The word “whitewashing” refers to covering a surface with a white liquid mixture to cover up impurities and make the surface white.
13:11 aee2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will send hailstones to make it fall down, and a windstorm wind to break it down 0 Yahweh refers to the judgment that he will send upon the people as if it were a severe storm that breaks down the wall.
13:12 zbu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have others not said to you, “Where is the whitewash that you put on it?” 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that others will ask the prophets what happened to their whitewash. Alternate translation: “Others will certainly say to you, ‘Where is the whitewash that you put on it?’”
13:12 d3qf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Where is the whitewash that you put on it? 0 This could mean: (1) that this is an honest question for which the people expect and answer or (2) this is a rhetorical question that the people ask out of sarcasm. Alternate translation: “The whitewash that you put on it did no good.”
13:13 ap58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will bring a windstorm … completely destroy it. 0 Yahweh refers to the judgment that he will send upon the people as if it were a severe storm that breaks down the wall.
13:14 hbi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will be annihilated in the middle of it all 0 The phrase “in the middle of it all” refers to the stones of the wall that Yahweh will break down. He speaks of destroying the people in his judgment as if the wall would crush them to death when he breaks it down. Alternate translation: “all of its stones will crush you to death”
13:14 z436 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
13:15 b676 I will annihilate in my fury 0 Alternate translation: “Because I am very angry, I will annihilate”
13:15 ctz7 whitewashed it 0 The word “whitewash” refers to a white liquid mixture or paint used to cover up impurities and make surfaces white. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 13:10](../13/10.md).
13:16 sf6q the prophets of Israel who prophesied about Jerusalem and who had visions of peace for her 0 This phrase defines who “the people who whitewashed it” are.
13:16 ey4q visions of peace for her 0 The word “her” refers to Jerusalem.
13:17 s26u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction set your face against the daughters 0 This is a command to stare at the women as a symbol of punishing them. Translate “set your face against” as you did in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/03.md). Alternate translation: “stare at the daughters”
13:17 ik9n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy set your face against 0 Here “face” is a metonym for attention or gaze, and “set your face” represents staring. Alternate translation: “stare at”
13:17 tq75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom daughters of your people 0 This idiom refers to women who belong to the same people group as Ezekiel does. Alternate translation: “women of Israel” or “your countrywomen”
13:17 e4gm prophesy out of their own minds 0 “prophesying only the things that they think in their own minds.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 13:2](../13/02.md).
13:17 bns7 prophesy against 0 “prophesy about the bad things that will happen to them.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:7](../04/07.md).
13:18 csi2 sew magic charms onto every part of their hand 0 This means that they sew magic charms together and then attach them to their hands, not that they sew them directly onto their hands.
13:18 n6ji charms 0 objects believed to have magical powers.
13:18 u8m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor used to hunt down people 0 Yahweh speaks of these women using beauty, mystery, and lies to deceive people as if the people were animals that the women hunted down and trapped with their charms. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that they use to hunt down people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:18 u9hw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit make veils for their heads of every size 0 This means that they make veils to put on the heads of people of different height. Alternate translation: “make veils for the heads of women of every stature”
13:18 xte5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you hunt down my people but save your own lives? 0 Yahweh asks this as a leading question to rebuke the women who do these things. The implicit answer is, “no.” Alternate translation: “Do not think that you will be able to save your own lives after you have hunted down my people!”
13:19 le52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism handfuls of barley and crumbs of bread 0 Barley is a grain used to make bread and the word “crumb” is a small amount of bread. Both phrases are small amounts of food and are used to emphasize how small the payment was to the prophetesses.
13:20 j7z4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the magic charms that you have used to ensnare the people’s lives as if they were birds 0 Yahweh speaks of these women using their magic charms to deceive people as if the people were birds that the women trapped with those charms.
13:21 yvk8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rescue my people from your hand 0 Here the word “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “rescue my people from your power”
13:21 n5mb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy they will no longer be trapped in your hands 0 Here the word “hand” represents power or control. Yahweh speaks of the people being in the control of these women as if the women had trapped them with their hands. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will no longer trap them like prey in your hands” or “you will no longer control them with your power” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:22 ua8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche discourage the heart of the righteous person 0 Here the word “heart” represents the person and his emotions. Alternate translation: “discourage the righteous person”
13:22 j9vh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor turn from his way 0 To stop doing something is referred to as turning in a different direction. Alternate translation: “stop what he is doing”
13:23 qq2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism have false visions or continue to make predictions 0 Both of these phrases refer to talking about what will happen in the future. Alternate translation: “continue to make false predictions”
13:23 vus2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will rescue my people out of your hand 0 Here the word “hand” represents power or control. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 13:21](../13/21.md). Alternate translation: “I will rescue my people from your power”
14:intro q72w 0 # Ezekiel 14 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Jerusalem deserves punishment\n\nWhen the captives from Jerusalem arrive in Babylon, it will be obvious why God has punished them.
14:1 vy2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Some of the elders of Israel came to me and sat before me 0 The elders sat before Ezekiel in order to inquire of the Lord through Ezekiel.
14:2 bz2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
14:3 g57d Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
14:3 ky9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor have taken their idols into their hearts 0 Yahweh speaks of the elders committing themselves to worshiping idols as if the elders had “taken their idols into their hearts.” Alternate translation: “have devoted themselves to idols”
14:3 qej2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor have put the stumbling block of their iniquity before their own faces 0 Yahweh speaks of the idols that the elders worship as if they were blocks over which the elders stumble, and of being determined to worship those idols as if they had placed those stumbling blocks in front of their faces. Alternate translation: “have resolutely determined to worship the things that lead to iniquity”
14:3 s8bu stumbling block of their iniquity 0 This could mean: (1) the idols are a stumbling block that leads to the elders’ iniquity or (2) worshiping idols is an iniquity that causes the elders to stumble.
14:3 lx5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should I be inquired of at all by them? 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the elders should not be inquiring of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Should I permit them to inquire of me at all?” or “They should not be inquiring of me at all.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14:4 m2x4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group”
14:4 ug3h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who takes his idols into his heart 0 Yahweh speaks of the people committing themselves to worshiping idols as if they had taken their idols into their hearts. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 14:3](../14/03.md). Alternate translation: “who devotes himself to idols”
14:4 xtx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who puts the stumbling block of his iniquity before his face 0 Yahweh speaks of the idols that people worship as if they were blocks over which the people stumble, and of being determined to worship those idols as if they had placed those stumbling blocks in front of their faces. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 14:3](../14/03.md). Alternate translation: “who resolutely determines to worship the things that lead to iniquity”
14:4 xz4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I, Yahweh, will answer him according to the number of his idols 0 This phrase refers to the many idols that the people worship. It is implied that the severity of Yahweh’s answer will as great as the number of idols that they worship. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, will give him the answer that he deserves because he worships so many idols”
14:5 j64j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I may take back the house of Israel in their hearts 0 Here the word “hearts” represents the minds and affections of the people. Yahweh speaks of causing them to be devoted to him once again as if he were to capture their hearts. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Israel to be devoted to me again” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14:5 de8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy their hearts that have been driven far from me through their idols 0 Here the word “hearts” represents the minds and affections of the people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who have all left me to worship their idols” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14:6 py23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group”
14:6 a97y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Repent and turn away from your idols! Turn back your faces from all your abominations 0 Both of these phrases are ways to tell the people of Israel to stop worshiping idols.
14:6 fs6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet Repent and turn away 0 The words “repent” and “turn way” mean basically the same thing. Together they strengthen the command to stop worshiping idols.
14:6 qdy3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Turn back your faces 0 Here the word “faces” represents the people. Alternate translation: “Turn back”
14:7 g5x6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group”
14:7 ysu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who takes his idols into his heart 0 Yahweh speaks of the people committing themselves to worshiping idols as if they had taken their idols into their hearts. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 14:3](../14/03.md). Alternate translation: “who devotes himself to idols”
14:7 r65x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor puts the stumbling block of his iniquity before his own face 0 Yahweh speaks of the idols that people worship as if they were blocks over which the people stumble, and of being determined to worship those idols as if they had placed those stumbling blocks in front of their faces. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 14:3](../14/03.md). Alternate translation: “who resolutely determines to worship the things that lead to iniquity”
14:8 zqu7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction I will set my face against that man 0 Yahweh speaks of being opposed to a person as if he were to set his face against that person. Alternate translation: “I will be against that man” or “I will oppose that man”
14:8 rl54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy set my face 0 Here “face” is a metonym for attention or gaze, and “set my face” refers to staring. Alternate translation: “stare”
14:8 c7bd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor make him a sign and a proverb 0 Here the word “sign” refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. The word proverb refers to what people will say about that sign when they see it. Alternate translation: “I will make that man to be a warning and a proverb”
14:8 x6fl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will cut him off from the midst of my people 0 Yahweh speaks of causing a person no longer to belong to his people as if he were cutting that person off from the people, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “I will cause him no longer to belong to my people”
14:8 gh8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
14:9 kcw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will reach out with my hand against him 0 God’s “hand” refers to what he does. Alternate translation: “I will work against him”
14:10 sx1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy They will carry their own iniquity 0 Here the word “iniquity” represents the guilt that people incur for committing iniquity. Yahweh speaks of people suffering the consequences of their iniquity as if they were carrying the iniquity. Alternate translation: “They will suffer the consequences of their own iniquity” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14:11 u1nx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group”
14:11 w71r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will no longer wander away from following me 0 Yahweh speaks of the people no longer worshiping him as if they were to wander away from him and no longer follow him. Alternate translation: “will no longer stop worshiping me”
14:11 cf1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
14:13 edi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy when a land sins against me 0 Here the word “land” represents the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “when the people who live in a land sin against me”
14:13 n9gs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor break the staff of its bread 0 Yahweh speaks of the supply of bread as if it were a staff. The word “bread” represents all kinds of food. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:16](../04/16.md). Alternate translation: “end the supply of its food” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
14:13 mf8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor cut off both man and beast from the land 0 Yahweh speaks of killing people and animals as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “kill both man and beast in the land”
14:16 qw9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom as I live 0 “as surely as I am alive.” Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear”
14:16 dg9n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive only their own lives would be rescued 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they could only rescue their own lives”
14:17 v6i5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Sword, go through the land 0 Here the word “sword” represents the soldiers of an enemy army who attack with swords. Alternate translation: “Army, go through the land”
14:17 n3ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor cut off both man and beast from it 0 Yahweh speaks of killing people and animals as if it were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “kill both man and beast in the land”
14:18 rb94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive only their own lives would be rescued 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they would only rescue their own lives”
14:19 xe11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor pour out my fury 0 Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury as if his fury were a liquid that he pours out from a container. Alternate translation: “I will express my fury”
14:19 d1pl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor cut off both man and beast 0 Yahweh speaks of killing people and animals as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “kill both man and beast”
14:20 sa88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive only their own lives would be rescued 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they would only rescue their own lives”
14:21 v31a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to cut off both man and beast from her 0 Yahweh speaks of killing people and animals as if it were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. The word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “to kill both man and beast in Jerusalem”
14:22 zf8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive be comforted concerning the punishment 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will comfort you concerning the punishment”
14:23 u2vu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet their ways and their actions 0 Both of these phrases refer to what the people of Israel have done. Alternate translation: “the way they live” or “the things they do”
15:intro n4wz 0 # Ezekiel 15 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Useless\n\nGod said that the people of Jerusalem were useless to him. He uses a simile to show just how useless they were. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
15:1 pb75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
15:2 mim8 Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
15:2 j7mt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion how is a vine better than any tree with branches that is among the trees in a forest? 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “a vine is not better than any tree with branches that is among the trees in a forest.”
15:3 c3me rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do people take wood from a vine to make anything? 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “People do not take wood from a vine to make anything.”
15:3 lw53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion do they make a peg from it to hang anything on it? 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “they do not make a peg from it to hang things on it.”
15:4 z9vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion If it is thrown into a fire as fuel … is it good for anything? 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel of something he already knows. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “If it is thrown into a fire as fuel … it is not good for anything.”
15:4 s2c2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive If it is thrown into a fire as fuel 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If a person throws it into a fire as fuel”
15:7 vz2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction I will set my face against them 0 Yahweh speaks of being opposed to them as if he were to set his face against them. Alternate translation: “I will be against them” or “I will oppose them”
15:7 f6qy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy set my face 0 Here “face” is a metonym for attention or gaze, and “set my face” refers to staring. Alternate translation: “stare”
15:7 f76q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
15:7 m4ls rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Though they come out from the fire, yet the fire will consume them 0 Yahweh speaks of the punishment that he will afflict upon the people as if it were a fire that burns them.
15:7 xw6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the fire will consume them 0 Yahweh speaks of fire burning things as if the fire consumed them. Alternate translation: “the fire will destroy them”
15:8 u34p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
16:intro ll3w 0 # Ezekiel 16 General Notes\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nGod compared Judah to an adulteress because she worshiped idols instead of God who had done so much to help her. Adultery is a common image used to describe the worship of idols by Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:1 c6sa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 # General Information:\n\nIn this chapter, Yahweh speaks about Jerusalem as if the city were his unfaithful bride. He describes her growth from infancy to adulthood. The city represents the people who live there. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:1 rhc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
16:2 cb3d Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
16:3 azi1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet Your beginning and your birth 0 These two phrases share similar meanings. Yahweh speaks of when people founded the city as if it were the city’s birth. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:3 ug1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor your father was an Amorite, and your mother was a Hittite 0 The Amorites and Hittites were both pagan people groups who lived in the land before the people of Israel conquered it. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem’s father and mother belonging to these people groups to express that she was born into idolatry.
16:4 tbf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche your mother did not cut your navel 0 Here “navel” refers to the umbilical cord that is attached to the navel. Alternate translation: “you mother did not cut your umbilical cord”
16:5 exg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche No eye had compassion for you 0 Here the word “eye” represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: “Nobody who saw you had compassion for you”
16:5 p9bt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you were thrown out into the open field 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your parents threw you out into the open field”
16:6 q16r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis I said to you in your blood 0 The implicit information can be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “I said to you as you were lying in your blood”
16:7 pbn3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile I made you grow like a plant in a field 0 Here Yahweh compares growing quickly with the way a plant grows quickly.
16:7 vh53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet You multiplied and became great 0 These two phrases share similar meanings. They both refer to her growing and becoming taller. Alternate translation: “You matured and grew taller”
16:7 f44l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you became the jewel of jewels 0 Here the woman, who represents Jerusalem, is spoken of as if she had become the finest of all jewels, that is, as if she had become the most beautiful of all women.
16:13 j9tf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you were adorned with gold and silver, and you were dressed in fine linen 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I adorned you with gold and silver, and dressed you in fine linen”
16:15 mb92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor acted like a prostitute 0 Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as if the city were an unfaithful wife who sleeps with other men in exchange for payment.
16:15 c6e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you poured out your acts of prostitution 0 Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem’s immoral actions as if they were liquids and of committing those actions repeatedly as if it were pouring those liquids from a container. Alternate translation: “you repeatedly committed your acts of prostitution”
16:15 wq1l so that your beauty became his 0 This Hebrew phrase is translated in many different ways by various modern versions. For example, some Bibles read “so that you gave yourself to him” or “his it was”
16:17 h8iz male figures 0 Alternate translation: “statues of men” or “idols that look like men”
16:17 rgp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism you did with them as a prostitute would do 0 This could mean: (1) this is a polite way to say the young woman was sleeping with the male figures. Alternate translation: “you slept with them” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of her worshiping the figures as if she were sleeping with them. Alternate translation: “you worshiped them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:20 tgj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit you sacrificed them to the images to be devoured as food 0 Here Yahweh speaks of something that the people of Israel had actually done. They sacrificed their children to pagan idols. In these ancient pagan sacrifices, the people believed that the gods would eat the food that they offered to them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you sacrificed them to the images so that those images could devour them as food” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:20 ku1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are your acts of prostitution a small matter? 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the woman is acting as if her prostitution was not bad enough and so she decided to sacrifice her children as well. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You must think that your acts of prostitution are a small matter.” or “I do not think your acts of prostitution are a small matter.”
16:21 pxu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit made them pass through the fire 0 Here Yahweh speaks of something that the people of Israel had actually done. They sacrificed their children to pagan idols. It is implicit that she put them into the fire in order to offer them as burnt offerings to her images. Alternate translation: “sacrificed them as burnt offerings”
16:22 wvq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet naked and bare 0 These two words mean the same thing. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:7](../16/07.md). Alternate translation: “completely naked”
16:24 fs8i you built yourself a mound and made yourself a lofty shrine in every public place 0 This could mean: (1) she could worship her idols or (2) she could practice her prostitution.
16:25 lz72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor at the head of every road 0 Yahweh speaks of the beginning of a road as if it were its head. Alternate translation: “at the beginning of every road”
16:27 c82p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will strike you with my hand 0 Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “I will use my power to strike you”
16:27 ge6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor cut off your food 0 Yahweh speaks of stopping the supply of food as if it were cutting off the food. Alternate translation: “stop your food supply”
16:27 ltw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I will hand your life over 0 Here “life” represents the person. Alternate translation: “I will hand you over”
16:27 r2ql rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the daughters of the Philistines 0 Here Yahweh speaks of the cities of Philistia as if they were the daughters of the Philistines. The cities represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the Philistine people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:30 db6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How sick is your heart … that you would do all these things, deeds of a shameless prostitute? 0 Yahweh asks the rhetorical question in order to rebuke Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your heart must be very sick … that you would do all these things, deeds of a shameless prostitute!”
16:30 yze4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy How sick is your heart 0 Here the word “heart” represents the will and emotions. Yahweh speaks of her inability to control her desires as if her heart were sick. Alternate translation: “How weak-willed are you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:31 bg24 built your mounds … made your lofty shrines 0 This could mean: (1) she could worship her idols or (2) she could practice her prostitution. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:24](../16/24.md).
16:31 wxg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor at the head of every street 0 Yahweh speaks of the beginning of a street as if it were its head. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 16:25](../16/25.md). Alternate translation: “at the beginning of every street”
16:32 nw3d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism you accept strangers instead of your husband 0 This refers to accepting someone to sleep with her. Alternate translation: “you accept strangers into your bed instead of your husband” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16:36 hnw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you have poured out your lust 0 Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem’s lust as if it were liquid and of committing actions repeatedly to gratify that lust as if it were pouring that liquid from a container. Alternate translation: “you repeatedly committed actions to gratify your lust”
16:37 awf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit so they see all your nakedness 0 Stripping a person naked in front of others was an action intended to humiliate the person. The word “nakedness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “so they can see you completely naked” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
16:38 s8wc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the shedding of blood 0 This phrase represents murder in any form. Alternate translation: “murder”
16:38 ljg4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will bring on you the bloodshed of my anger and passion 0 Here “bloodshed” represents murder in any form. This could mean: (1) Yahweh speaks of punishing her for murder as if he were bringing bloodshed upon her. Alternate translation: “In my anger and passion, I will punish you for committing murder” or (2) Yahweh speaks of putting her to death as if he were bringing bloodshed upon her. Alternate translation: “In my anger and passion, I will shed your blood” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:39 ylz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will give you into their hands 0 Here “hands” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I will place you in their control” or “I will allow them to have power over you”
16:39 ia4f throw down your vaulted chamber 0 Possible meanings are that they will destroy (1) the place where she worshiped her idols or (2) the place where she practiced her prostitution. See how you translated “vaulted chamber” in [Ezekiel 16:24](../16/24.md).
16:39 gp28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet naked and bare 0 These two words mean the same thing. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:7](../16/07.md). Alternate translation: “completely naked”
16:41 ket8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns will perform many acts of punishment on you 0 The word “punishment” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “will punish you in many different ways”
16:42 h192 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will calm my fury against you; my anger will leave you 0 The words “fury” and “anger” refer to the punishment that Yahweh inflicts because he is angry. The two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “I will stop punishing you because I will no longer be angry with you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
16:43 n9xq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom call to mind 0 This idiom means to remember. Alternate translation: “remember”
16:43 g913 have made me shake with anger because of all these things 0 Here “shake” refers to a physical response that a person has when he is extremely angry. As Jerusalem was doing these things, she did not think about what Yahweh had done when she was young.
16:43 qa7p behold! 0 The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
16:44 c35j Behold! 0 The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
16:45 ca9t who detested her husband 0 Alternate translation: “who hated her husband”
16:45 u96d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Your mother was a Hittite, and your father was an Amorite 0 The Amorites and Hittites were both pagan people groups who lived in the land before the people of Israel conquered it. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem’s father and mother belonging to these people groups to express that she was born into idolatry. See how you translated these phrases in [Ezekiel 16:3](../16/03.md).
16:46 h77t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Your older sister was Samaria … your younger sister was the one living south of you, that is, Sodom 0 Samaria and Sodom were both cities that Yahweh had judged for their idolatry and wickedness. Yahweh speaks of these cities being Jerusalem’s sisters to express that she belonged to a family that practiced idolatry and wickedness. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:47 ff3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You not only walked in their ways 0 The way a person lives is spoken of as if the person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “You not only acted like them”
16:47 m7tq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet copied their behavior and practices 0 Here the words “behavior” and “practices” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “copied the things that they did”
16:49 i51i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor arrogant in her leisure, careless and unconcerned about anything 0 Yahweh describes Sodom as a rich woman who has more than enough food and lives in security.
16:49 ms78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche She did not strengthen the hands of the poor and needy people 0 Here the word “hands” represents the people who work with their hands. The words “poor” and “needy” emphasize that these are people who cannot help themselves. Alternate translation: “She did not help the people who could not help themselves” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
16:51 l9j8 you have shown that your sisters were better than you 0 Yahweh uses this phrase three times to emphasize that the wicked cities of Samaria and Sodom were more righteous than Jerusalem.
16:52 z6dn Especially you, show your own shame 0 Yahweh uses this phrase twice to emphasize how shamefully the people of Jerusalem have acted.
16:52 zy3m show your own shame 0 Alternate translation: “be ashamed” or “bear your disgrace”
16:54 q87d you will show your shame 0 Alternate translation: “you will be ashamed” or “you will bear your disgrace”
16:54 c2hp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you will be humiliated 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will humiliate you”
16:54 mj9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns you will be a comfort to them 0 The noun “comfort” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “you will comfort Sodom and Samaria”
16:55 hdf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive your sister Sodom and her daughters will be restored to their former condition 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will restore your sister Sodom and her daughters to their former condition”
16:55 k82v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Samaria and her daughters will be restored to their former estate 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will restore your sister Samaria and her daughters to their former estate”
16:55 jw21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you and your daughters will be restored to your former condition 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will restore you and your daughters to your former condition”
16:56 ni17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Sodom your sister was not even mentioned by your mouth 0 Here the word “mouth” represents the person who speaks. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You did not even mention your sister Sodom” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:57 lwe5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive before your wickedness was revealed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “before you revealed your wickedness” or “before I revealed your wickedness”
16:57 k4cs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the daughters of Edom and to all the daughters of the Philistines 0 Here Yahweh speaks of the cities of Edom and Philistia as if they were the daughters of Edom and of the Philistines. The cities represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the Edomite people and to all the Philistine people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:58 mlw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
16:59 lx6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit despised your oath by breaking the covenant 0 Jerusalem broke her marriage covenant with Yahweh, thereby showing that she did not care about the oaths that she had made to him. Alternate translation: “despised your oath to me by breaking the covenant that you made with me”
16:60 e9ir rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom call to mind 0 This idiom means to remember. Alternate translation: “remember”
16:60 n5fx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive made in the days of your youth 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that I made with you when you were young”
16:62 lz8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
16:63 khs3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom call everything to mind 0 This idiom means to remember. Alternate translation: “remember everything”
16:63 g9hm you will no longer open your mouth to speak because of your shame 0 This means that Jerusalem will be too ashamed to speak.
17:intro awq2 0 # Ezekiel 17 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Breaking allegiance\n\nThe king of Judah had vowed to obey Babylon but instead he followed Egypt. Therefore, God said he would not prosper. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nJudah is compared to a vine that grows one direction and then another. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17:1 id6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
17:2 q397 Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
17:2 ljh4 present a riddle and speak a parable 0 Alternate translation: “give them a puzzle to think about” or “tell this story as an illustration”
17:2 uy41 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group”
17:5 yl5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit planted it … like a willow 0 Willow trees grow in places where there is a lot of water. If the eagle planted the seed like a willow, it means that he planted it in a place with a lot of water. Alternate translation: “and planted the seed like one would plant a willow tree by water”
17:6 act5 Then it sprouted 0 Alternate translation: “Then the seed began to grow into a plant”
17:6 u95a a spreading vine low to the ground 0 Alternate translation: “a vine that spreads out on the ground”
17:6 qj5j Its branches turned toward him 0 The branches of the vine turned toward the eagle. This means that they began to grow upward towards the sky.
17:6 vrq4 its roots grew under it 0 This could mean: (1) “its roots grew under itself into the ground” or (2) “the roots of the vine grew under the eagle.”
17:6 wq1a So it became a vine 0 Alternate translation: “That is how the vine grew”
17:6 kn3n produced branches and sent out shoots 0 Alternate translation: “grew branches and spread its shoots”
17:7 zj2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification This vine turned its roots toward the eagle 0 Yahweh speaks of the vine as if it were able to behave like a person and intentionally turned its roots toward the other eagle to receive nourishment from it. Alternate translation: “The roots of the vine grew toward the eagle”
17:7 xwj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive from the place it had been planted so it would be watered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “from the place that the first eagle had planted it so that it would have water”
17:8 g869 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive It had been planted 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The first eagle had planted the vine”
17:9 ejf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will it prosper? 0 Yahweh asks this as a leading question to emphasize the negative answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It will not prosper.”
17:9 l3kb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will it not be uprooted and stripped of its fruit so that it withers, and all its fresh growth will wither? 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the vine will certainly be judged. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone will pull up its roots and pluck out its fruit so all of its growth of leaves will wither away.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
17:9 di6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche No strong arm or many people will be needed to pull it out 0 The phrase “strong arm” represents a strong person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “There will be no need for a strong person or many people to pull it out” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
17:10 duh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion will it grow? 0 Yahweh asks this as a leading question to emphasize the negative answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It will not grow.”
17:10 l8e6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will it not wither when the eastern wind touches it? 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that this will certainly happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It will wither when the eastern wind touches it.”
17:11 bwu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
17:12 rcf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the rebellious house 0 This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “the rebellious people”
17:12 j8se rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you not know what these things mean? 0 Yahweh asks this as a leading question in order to provide the answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is what these things mean.”
17:14 x5je rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor so the kingdom might become lowly and not lift itself up 0 The kingdom being small and weak is spoken of as if it were lowly and being large and powerful as if it lifted itself up. Alternate translation: “so the kingdom might remain small and not become great”
17:14 r3al rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the land will survive 0 Here the word “land” represents the kingdom of Judah and the people in it. Alternate translation: “the kingdom will continue to exist”
17:15 r2jb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will he succeed? 0 Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the negative answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He will certainly not succeed.”
17:15 nh8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will the one doing these things escape? 0 Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the negative answer. This may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “The one doing these things will not escape.”
17:15 tpu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion If he breaks the covenant, will he escape? 0 Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the negative answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “If he breaks the covenant, he will certainly not escape.”
17:16 pb2s the land of the king who made him king, the king whose oath he despised 0 Alternate translation: “the land of the king of Babylon who made him King of Judah, the king of Babylon whose oath he despised”
17:17 eyn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet his mighty army and a great company of men 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how large and strong Pharaoh’s army is.
17:17 v67c will not help him 0 Here the word “him” refers to the king of Judah.
17:17 hhy8 siege walls 0 this refers to a tower with ladders that can be placed next to a wall and allow soldiers to get over the wall and into the city.
17:17 ayl5 to cut off many lives 0 Alternate translation: “to kill many people”
17:18 kzm6 Behold, he reached out 0 Alternate translation: “He did something even worse than that: he reached out”
17:18 e7e3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction reached out with his hand to make a promise 0 This refers to taking hold of another person’s hand as a sign of friendship and agreement. Here it represents the covenant oath that he made with the king of Babylon.
17:19 s5c8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion was it not my oath that he despised and my covenant that he broke? 0 Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the affirmative answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “it was my oath that the king of Jerusalem despised and my covenant that he broke.”
17:19 kev4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will bring his punishment on his head 0 The idiom “bring … on his head” means that he will experience this punishment. See how you translated this idiom in [Ezekiel 11:21](../11/21.md). Alternate translation: “I will cause him to suffer his punishment”
17:20 y1rd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will spread my net out over him, and he will be caught in my hunting net 0 Yahweh speaks of enabling the enemy army to capture the king as if he were trapping the king in a net.
17:20 r443 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive he will be caught in my hunting net 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will catch him in my hunting net”
17:21 lam3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy All of his refugees … armies will fall by the sword 0 The word “fall” is a euphemism for “die.” Here the word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill people with swords. Alternate translation: “Soldiers will kill all his refugees … armies”
17:21 kq24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the ones who remain will be scattered in every direction 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the ones who remain alive will flee in every direction” or “the enemy soldiers will scatter in every directions the ones who remain alive”
17:21 t3e9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
17:22 xj4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh resumes the parable that he had told in [Ezekiel 17:1](../17/01.md) and speaks about Jerusalem as if it were a branch that he plants on the mountains of Israel.
17:24 bv9g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Then all the trees of the field will know that I am Yahweh 0 Yahweh speaks of trees as if they are people who can know about him. The trees represent the nations and the people who live in them. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17:24 gh1n I bring down the high trees and I raise up the low trees 0 Alternate translation: “I cut down the tall trees and I cause the little trees to grow”
17:24 p5un wither 0 when a plant dries up and dies.
18:intro gvm6 0 # Ezekiel 18 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Inherited Guilt\n\nGod does not punish children for the sins of their parents, but only punishes them for their own sins. Despite this, the parents’ sins may still have consequences for their children. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
18:1 a2ir rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came to me again 0 The phrase “the word of Yahweh came” is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke to me again”
18:2 gk4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What do you mean, you who use this proverb & ‘Fathers eat sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are made blunt’? 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Ezekiel something he already knows. The question is a rebuke for the people who use the proverb. Alternate translation: “The people in the land of Israel have this proverb … ‘Fathers eat sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are made blunt’.”
18:2 wns2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you What do you mean, you who use this proverb 0 Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Israel.
18:2 wc56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy land of Israel 0 This refers to the people of Israel.
18:2 cn37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs Fathers eat sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are made blunt 0 This proverbs means that children experience the consequences of their parents’ actions.
18:2 g4t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the children’s teeth are made blunt 0 The idiom “teeth are made blunt” refers to the sour taste in one’s mouth that is a result of eating unripe or sour fruit. Alternate translation: “the children get a sour taste in their mouths”
18:4 fir3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche The soul who sins 0 Here the word “soul” represents the person. Alternate translation: “The person who sins”
18:6 nhp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he does not eat upon the mountains 0 People often worshiped and offered sacrifices to pagan gods on the mountains. It is implied that this person has not participated in these kinds of pagan rituals. Alternate translation: “he does not eat meat sacrificed to idols on the mountains”
18:6 nr4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction lift up his eyes to the idols 0 The idiom “lift up his eyes” refers to looking toward something. With reference to idols, this gesture represents worshiping or praying to idols. Alternate translation: “worship the idols” or “pray to the idols”
18:6 w2dj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group”
18:6 up1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit approached a woman during her monthly period 0 It is implicit that he has not approached a woman in order to sleep with her. Alternate translation: “approached a woman to sleep with her during her monthly period”
18:7 mqe1 gives back to the debtor what was put up as security for a loan 0 Alternate translation: “returns to the debtor the item that the debtor gave him as security for the loan”
18:8 r5q7 interest 0 This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret “any interest” in this passage as “too much interest.”
18:8 ba42 establishes faithfulness between people 0 This means that he judges fairly the disputes that may arise between people.
18:9 suz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor that man walks in my statutes 0 Yahweh speaks of a person obeying his statutes as if the statutes were a path in which the person walks. Alternate translation: “that man obeys my statutes”
18:10 ftc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who sheds blood 0 This phrase represents murder in any form. Alternate translation: “who murders”
18:11 dz35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit eats upon the mountains 0 People often worshiped and offered sacrifices to pagan gods on the mountains. It is implied that this person has participated in these kinds of pagan rituals. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 18:5](../18/05.md). Alternate translation: “eats meat sacrificed to idols upon the mountains”
18:12 l2is rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet the poor and needy 0 The words “poor” and “needy” share similar meanings and emphasize that these are people who cannot help themselves.
18:12 vp69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction he lifts up his eyes to the idols 0 The idiom “lifts up his eyes” refers to looking toward something. With reference to idols, this gesture represents worshiping or praying to idols. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 18:6](../18/06.md). Alternate translation: “he worships the idols” or “he prays to the idols”
18:13 f8rk interest 0 This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret “any interest” in this passage as “too much interest.”
18:13 bsd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion should that man live? Surely he will not! 0 Yahweh asks this as a leading question in order to emphasize the negative answer. Alternate translation: “he will certainly not live!”
18:13 g1qv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his blood will be on him 0 Here the word “blood” represents death. For blood to be on a person is an idiom that means the person is responsible for that death. Alternate translation: “he will be responsible for his own death” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
18:15 zmi2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit That son does not eat upon the mountains 0 People often worshiped and offered sacrifices to pagan gods on the mountains. It is implied that this person has not participated in these kinds of pagan rituals. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 18:6](../18/06.md). Alternate translation: “That son does not eat meat sacrificed to idols upon the mountains”
18:15 xca2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction he does not lift up his eyes to the idols 0 The idiom “lifted up his eyes” refers to looking toward something. With reference to idols, this gesture represents worshiping or praying to idols. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 18:6](../18/06.md). Alternate translation: “he does not worship the idols” or “he does not pray to the idols”
18:15 q95x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group”
18:17 phc8 interest 0 This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret “interest” in this passage as “too much interest.”
18:17 ud6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor walks according to my statutes 0 Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if his statutes were a path in which the person walks. Alternate translation: “obeys my statutes”
18:19 b1t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Why does the son not bear the iniquity of his father? 0 Yahweh speaks of a person being responsible for or guilty of iniquity as if the iniquity were an object that the person carries. Alternate translation: “Why is the son not responsible for the iniquity of his father?” or “Why is the son not guilty of the iniquity of his father?”
18:20 f1kn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The righteousness of the one who acts rightly will be on himself 0 For righteousness to be on a person is an idiom that means the person is responsible for that righteousness. Alternate translation: “The one who acts rightly will be responsible for his own righteousness”
18:20 al73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the wickedness of the wicked will be on himself 0 For wickedness to be on a person is an idiom that means the person is responsible for that wickedness. Alternate translation: “the wicked person will be responsible for his own wickedness”
18:22 m9ky rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom All the transgressions that he has committed will not be called to mind against him 0 The idiom “call to mind” means to remember. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will not remember all the transgressions that he has committed and will not hold them against him” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
18:23 d6na rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do I greatly rejoice over the death of the wicked … and not in his turning away from his way so that he may live? 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question in order to emphasize the opposite. Alternate translation: “I do not greatly rejoice over the death of the wicked … but I do greatly rejoice if he turns away from his way so that he may live.”
18:23 mh3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
18:23 phj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor not in his turning away from his way 0 Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle or behavior as if it were a way on which the person walks. The idiom “to turn away” from something means to stop doing that thing. Alternate translation: “not in his ceasing to live the way that he lives” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
18:24 m2kn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion then will he live? 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the negative answer. Alternate translation: “then he will surely not live.”
18:24 nzl9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom All the righteousness that he had done will not be called to mind 0 The idiom “call to mind” means to remember. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will not remember all the righteousness that he had done” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
18:25 i7zr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group”
18:25 nj78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are my ways unfair? 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the negative answer. Alternate translation: “My ways are not unfair.”
18:25 prn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is it not your ways that are unfair? 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer. Alternate translation: “It is your ways that are unfair.”
18:26 p2tt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism dies because of them … die in the iniquity that he has done 0 These phrases repeat the thought of a man dying because of his sin to express that it was his fault and the fault of no one else.
18:28 zi5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he has seen 0 Yahweh speaks of the person thinking about and understanding something as if the person were seeing it. Alternate translation: “he has considered” or “he has understood”
18:29 pe9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group”
18:29 pq68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The way of the Lord is not fair … How is my way not fair … It is your ways that are not fair 0 Actions or behaviors are spoken of as if they were a way or path that a person travels. Alternate translation: “The Lord does not act fairly … How do I not act fairly … It is you who do not act fairly”
18:30 d4ja rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor according to his ways 0 Yahweh speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “according to his actions”
18:30 j6mr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor turn away from all your transgressions so that they will not be stumbling blocks of iniquity against you 0 Yahweh speaks of “transgressions” causing people to rebel against him as if they were blocks over which the people stumble.
18:30 i18v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy stumbling blocks of iniquity against you 0 This could mean: (1) the stumbling blocks cause the person to commit more iniquity. Alternate translation: “stumbling blocks that cause you to commit more iniquity” or (2) The word “iniquity” is a metonym for the punishment that a person receives for his iniquity. Alternate translation: “stumbling blocks that lead to your punishment”
18:31 pv2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Throw away from yourselves all of the transgressions that you have committed 0 Yahweh speaks of the people determining to stop committing transgressions as if the transgressions were objects, such as clothing, that they removed and threw away. Alternate translation: “Get rid of all of the transgressions that you have committed”
18:31 vlg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy make for yourselves a new heart and a new spirit 0 Here the word “heart” represents the will and emotions and the word “spirit” represents the thoughts and disposition. Yahweh speaks of the people having new emotions and thoughts as if they were making a new heart and spirit for themselves. Alternate translation: “get for yourselves new emotions and a new way of thinking” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18:31 lt9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why should you die, house of Israel? 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to comfort the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “There is no reason for you to die, house of Israel.”
18:31 x2a9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group”
19:intro e5ek 0 # Ezekiel 19 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Judah destroyed\n\nThe first king was taken as a captive to Egypt, the next was taken as a captive to Babylon. Now Judah is not prospering.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nThe kings of Judah are compared to man-eating lions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
19:1 h1e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to the people of Israel. He tells a story where the nation of Israel is a lioness and some of the past kings in the kingdom of Judah are her cubs.
19:1 ehw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom take up a lamentation 0 This idiom means to sing a lamentation. Alternate translation: “sing a lamentation”
19:2 ufs7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who was your mother? 0 Yahweh asks this ask a leading question in order to introduce the answer. Alternate translation: “This is who your mother is.”
19:4 bw46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive He was caught in their trap 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They caught him in their trap”
19:7 kl3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The land and its fullness were abandoned 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People abandoned the land and its fullness”
19:8 wx8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive He was caught in their trap 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They caught him in their trap”
19:9 uv2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive his voice would no longer be heard 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people would no longer hear his voice”
19:10 rhn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh speaks of the nation of Israel as though it was the mother of the leaders of Israel. Here he begins to tell a story where she is a prosperous vine.
19:10 aw92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a vine planted in your blood 0 Possible meanings are that **blood** represents (1) the violence of the kings of Judah who had murdered people. Alternate translation: “a vine planted by means of violence” or (2) The plentiful wine of Judah which had become a symbol of prosperity. Alternate translation: “a vine planted in your prosperity” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
19:11 z86b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive strong branches that were used for rulers’ scepters 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “branches strong enough that people used them for rulers’ scepters”
19:11 p752 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive its height was seen by the greatness of its foliage 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people could see how tall it was by the greatness of its foliage”
19:12 a6cn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the vine was uprooted in fury and thrown down 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh uprooted the vine in fury and threw it down” or “people uprooted the vine in fury and threw it down”
19:12 uxu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Its strong branches were broken off and withered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh broke off its strong branches and they withered” or “People broke off its strong branches and they withered”
19:13 cc66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in a land of drought and thirst 0 The very dry land is spoken of as if it were thirsty. Alternate translation: “in a very dry land of drought”
19:14 tj4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit no scepter to rule 0 The implicit information may be supplied from [Ezekiel 19:11](../19/11.md). Alternate translation: “no branch strong enough for a ruler’s scepter”
19:14 yvu7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive will be sung as a lamentation 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must sing it as a lamentation”
20:intro ivu9 0 # Ezekiel 20 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Rebels cannot ask for help\n\nThe people of Israel have rebelled against God again and again. Now they cannot come to God for help in their troubles.
20:1 y5sk It came about 0 This phrase is used to mark the beginning of a new part of the story.
20:1 k5lv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal in the seventh year 0 The implicit information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “in the seventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20:1 hm54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths the tenth day of the fifth month 0 This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of August on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
20:2 d3d6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
20:3 a3cz Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
20:3 wlf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom As I live 0 “As surely as I am alive.” Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear”
20:3 v6lv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you come to inquire of me? 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the elders should not be inquiring of him. Alternate translation: “You should not come to inquire of me.”
20:3 g3ng rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
20:4 nf1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Will you judge them? Will you judge, son of man? 0 Yahweh asks Ezekiel the same question twice in order to secure Ezekiel’s commitment to pronounce the judgement. Alternate translation: “Are you ready to pronounce judgment on them, son of man?”
20:5 y373 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction I … raised my hand to swear an oath 0 Here “raised my hand” is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. Alternate translation: “I … solemnly swore an oath”
20:5 b65p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Jacob 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Jacob over many years. Translate “the house of” as in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Jacob”
20:6 ay9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor It was flowing with milk and honey 0 “It was a land where plenty of milk and honey flowed.” Yahweh speaks of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: “It was land that was excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
20:6 mhv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the most beautiful ornament among all the lands 0 The lands in which people live are spoken of as if they are jewelry or other things that are pleasant to look at. Alternate translation: “the most beautiful of all lands”
20:7 neb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the detestable things from before his eyes 0 Yahweh speaks of the people worshiping the detestable things as if they had placed those idols in front of their eyes. Alternate translation: “the detestable things that he worships”
20:7 gnz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Do not make yourselves unclean 0 A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean.
20:8 t2sa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the detestable things from before his eyes 0 Yahweh speaks of the people worshiping the detestable things as if they had placed those idols in front of their eyes. Alternate translation: “the detestable things that he worshiped”
20:8 t8aw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to pour out my fury upon them 0 Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury by punishing them as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out on them. Alternate translation: “to act against them in my fury”
20:9 b5we rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for my name’s sake 0 Here the word “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “for the sake of my reputation”
20:9 f5h3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that the people would not profane it in the eyes of the nations”
20:9 f298 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in the eyes 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “in the opinion” or “in the judgment”
20:9 v6br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the nations 0 The word “nations” is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. Alternate translation: “the people who live in other nations”
20:9 l5wv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I made myself known to them, in their eyes 0 Here the word “them” refers to the nations. The idiom “in their eyes” refers to being in a position where people can see. Alternate translation: “I revealed myself to them, in their presence”
20:12 fk4k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
20:13 tib6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They did not walk in my statutes 0 Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if the statutes were a path along which a person walks. Alternate translation: “They did not obey my statutes”
20:13 nm2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I would pour out my fury upon them 0 Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury by punishing them as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out on them. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:8](../20/08.md). Alternate translation: “I would act against them in my fury”
20:13 gx9w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism in order to end them 0 The euphemism “to end them” refers to killing them. Alternate translation: “in order to kill them”
20:14 c3av rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I acted for my name’s sake 0 Here the word “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:9](../20/09.md). Alternate translation: “I acted for the sake of my reputation”
20:14 ggw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:9](../20/09.md). Alternate translation: “so that the people would not profane it in the eyes of the nations”
20:14 xp8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in the eyes of the nations 0 Here the “nations” refer to the people who live in those places. The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:9](../20/09.md). Alternate translation: “in the thoughts of the people in other nations” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20:15 njm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction I myself also raised my hand to swear an oath 0 Here “raised my hand” is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:5](../20/05.md). Alternate translation: “I myself also solemnly swore an oath”
20:15 h643 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a land flowing with milk and honey 0 “a land where plenty of milk and honey flowed.” Yahweh speaks of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:6](../20/06.md). Alternate translation: “a land that was excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
20:15 y61y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the most beautiful ornament among all the lands 0 The lands in which people live are spoken of as if they are jewelry or other things that are pleasant to look at. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:6](../20/06.md). Alternate translation: “the most beautiful of all lands”
20:16 q585 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor did not walk in my statutes 0 Yahweh speaks of obeying his statutes as if they were a path along which a person walks. Alternate translation: “did not obey my statutes”
20:16 pyd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy their hearts walked after their idols 0 Here the word “heart” represents the person’s thoughts and emotions. Yahweh speaks of being dedicated to idols as if a person’s heart walked after them. Alternate translation: “they were dedicated to worshiping their idols” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20:17 h6sc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my eye spared them 0 Here the word “eye” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I spared them”
20:18 t5sb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Do not walk in the statutes of your fathers 0 Yahweh speaks of a person obeying statutes as if the statutes were paths along with a person walks. Alternate translation: “Do not obey the statutes of your parents”
20:19 v6uh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor walk in my statutes 0 Yahweh speaks of a person obeying statutes as if the statutes were paths along with a person walks. Alternate translation: “Do not obey the statutes of your parents … obey my statutes”
20:19 ylm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet keep my decrees and obey them 0 To “keep” Yahweh’s decrees is the same as to “obey them.”
20:21 qe7t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They did not walk in my statutes 0 Yahweh speaks of a person obeying his statutes as if the statutes were a path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “They did not obey my statutes”
20:21 l6ya rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to pour out my fury upon them 0 Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury by punishing them as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out on them. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:8](../20/08.md). Alternate translation: “to act against them in my fury”
20:22 cw43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I turned my hand away 0 Here the word “hand” represents Yahweh and turning his hand away means that he does not do what he was going to do. Alternate translation: “But I did not do that” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:22 lzk8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for my name’s sake 0 Here the word “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “for the sake of my reputation”
20:22 k2x8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive so it would not be profaned in the eyes of the nations 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:9](../20/09.md). Alternate translation: “so that the people would not profane it in the eyes of the nations”
20:22 m6pp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in the eyes of the nations 0 Here the “nations” refer to the people who live in those places. The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “in the thoughts of the people in other nations” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20:23 swz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction I myself also lifted up my hand to swear 0 Here “lifted up my hand” is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. Alternate translation: “I myself also solemnly swore”
20:23 d6f9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism scatter them among the nations and disperse them among the lands 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/15.md). Alternate translation: “cause them to separate from each other and live in different nations”
20:24 r381 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Their eyes were longing after their fathers’ idols 0 Here the word “eyes” represents the person who looks to the idols to worship them. Alternate translation: “They were longing after their fathers’ idols”
20:25 r4jl Then I also gave them statutes that were not good, and decrees by which they could not live 0 The words statutes in this phrase do not refer to God’s law. God permitted them to live by human laws and judgments that were not good.
20:25 za7n gave them 0 The word “them” refers to the children of those whom Yahweh brought out of Egypt.
20:26 wj9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they made a sacrifice of every firstborn of the womb 0 The phrase “firstborn of the womb” refers to the firstborn child of a woman. The phrase “made a sacrifice” can be translated with the verb “sacrifice.” Alternate translation: “they sacrificed every woman’s firstborn child”
20:29 q226 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What is this high place where you bring offerings there? 0 Yahweh asks this question in order to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “This is not a high place where you are to bring offerings!”
20:29 c1ae rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the name is called Bamah 0 The name “Bamah” means “high place,” a place for worshiping idols. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people have called that place Bamah”
20:30 usg4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why do you make yourselves unclean with the ways of your fathers? 0 Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “You should not make yourselves unclean by doing the things that your fathers did.”
20:30 vms1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Why do you make yourselves unclean 0 A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean.
20:30 iz7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion So why do you act like prostitutes, searching for disgusting things? 0 Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “You should not act like prostitutes, searching for disgusting things.”
20:30 l4ea rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile why do you act like prostitutes 0 Yahweh speaks of the people being unfaithful to him as if they were acting like women who sleep with men to whom they are not married.
20:31 b4ay rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion So why should I let you seek me, house of Israel? 0 Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “I will not let you come close to me, house of Israel.”
20:33 ad5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with a mighty hand, a raised arm 0 The words “hand” and “arm” both represent power. Alternate translation: “with very great power” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
20:33 d5h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor fury that will be poured out on you 0 Yahweh speaks of expressing his fury as if the fury were a liquid that he pours out on the people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “fury that I will pour out on you” or “I will express my fury towards you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
20:34 tam7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive among whom you have been scattered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “among whom I have scattered you”
20:37 vi6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will cause you to pass under my rod 0 This refers to the practice of a shepherd counting and inspecting his sheep as the sheep walked under his staff. This could mean: (1) Yahweh will count his people whom he gathers from the nations to ensure that they are all present. Alternate translation: “I will count you carefully as a shepherd counts his sheep” or (2) Yahweh will inspect each person as they pass under his staff in order to separate the faithful from the unfaithful. Alternate translation: “I will inspect you carefully as a shepherd inspects his sheep”
20:39 gb75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group”
20:39 ym44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy profane my holy name 0 Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “dishonor me”
20:40 idl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the firstfruits of your tribute 0 Yahweh speaks of the best things among all that they give to him as if they were “firstfruits.” Alternate translation: “the best of your contributions”
20:41 t8i1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will accept you like fragrant incense 0 Yahweh speaks of his people worshiping him as they should as if the people themselves were the incense offering.
20:41 ihb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism bring you out from the peoples and gather you out of the countries 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will bring his people back from all of the nations to which he had scattered them. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 20:34](../20/34.md).
20:41 wmu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive where you have been scattered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “where I have scattered you”
20:42 dm9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction I have lifted up my hand to swear 0 Here “lifted up my hand” is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. Alternate translation: “I have solemnly sworn”
20:43 q5sv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom you will call to mind 0 This idiom means to remember. Alternate translation: “you will remember”
20:43 qyk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you defiled yourselves 0 A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were defiled.
20:43 hf41 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will despise yourselves in your own eyes 0 Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “you will hate yourselves”
20:44 c1dm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy because of my name’s sake 0 Here the word “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “because of my reputation”
20:45 tvt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
20:46 a9yb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction set your face toward the southern lands 0 This is a command to stare at the southern lands as a symbol of punishing the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/03.md). Alternate translation: “Stare at the southern lands” or “Stare at the southern lands so that they will be harmed”
20:46 htt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy set your face 0 Here “face” is a metonym for attention or gaze, and “set your face” represents staring. Alternate translation: “stare”
20:47 s2sk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The fiery flame will not be quenched 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The fiery flame will not go out” or “No one will be able to quench the fiery flame”
20:47 d21g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive every face from the south to the north will be burned 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the fire will burn every face from the south to the north”
20:47 e2zx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche every face from the south to the north 0 Here the word “face” represents the person. By mentioning the opposite directions, Yahweh refers to everyone who lives in the north, in the south, and everywhere in between. Alternate translation: “every person who lives in that area” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
20:48 i6we rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all flesh will see 0 Here the word “flesh” represents all humans. The idiom to “see” means to understand. Alternate translation: “all people will understand” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:48 ndc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it will not be quenched 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it will not go out” or “no one will quench it”
20:49 c7jn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is he not a mere teller of parables? 0 The people use this question to insult Ezekiel and dismiss what he is telling them. Alternate translation: “He is merely telling parables”
21:intro w2g3 0 # Ezekiel 21 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Refusing to learn\n\nJudah has refused to learn from their punishment, so God is about to destroy the nation in war.
21:1 hd7j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
21:2 u51f Son of man 0 “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity or “Mortal person” or “Human.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md).
21:2 m1q8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction set your face toward Jerusalem 0 This is a command to stare at Jerusalem as a symbol of punishing the people there. Alternate translation: “stare at Jerusalem” or “stare at Jerusalem so that the people there will be harmed”
21:2 td4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction set your face toward Jerusalem 0 Jerusalem was far away, so Ezekiel could not see it, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming it. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/02.md) Alternate translation: “Turn toward Jerusalem and stare” or “stare toward Jerusalem so that the people there will be harmed”
21:3 is8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will draw my sword from its sheath and cut off both the righteous person and the wicked person from you 0 This speaks of Yahweh causing these people to die as if he actually killed them with his own sword. Alternate translation: “I am opposed to you, and it will be as though I pull my sword from its sheath to kill both the righteous and the wicked people among you”
21:3 k8kd the righteous person and the wicked person 0 “righteous people and wicked people.” This refers to multiple people, not just one righteous person and one wicked person.
21:3 ch9n sheath 0 something that holds and covers a sword when no one is using it
21:3 vyg4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism cut off 0 This is a euphemism that means to kill. Alternate translation: “kill”
21:4 l13c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism cut off 0 This is a euphemism that means to kill. Alternate translation: “kill”
21:4 x4hz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the righteous … the wicked 0 This refers to righteous and wicked people. Alternate translation: “those who are righteous … those who are wicked” or “the righteous people … the wicked people”
21:4 yc2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my sword will go out from its sheath against 0 This speaks of Yahweh causing these people to die as if he actually killed them with his own sword. Alternate translation: “it will be as though I pull my sword from its sheath and strike”
21:4 bm2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all flesh 0 Here “flesh” is a metonym for “people.” Alternate translation: “all people”
21:4 w4nb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism from the south to the north 0 This is a merism that refers to the area to the north, and to the south, and all places in between. Alternate translation: “in every direction” or “everywhere”
21:5 e2el rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor that I, Yahweh, have drawn my sword from its sheath 0 This speaks of Yahweh causing people to die as if he actually killed them with his own sword. Alternate translation: “it is as though I, Yahweh, have struck people with my sword”
21:5 ju9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification It will no longer hold back 0 This speaks of Yahweh not holding back his sword from attacking people as if his sword were a person that was no longer holding itself back from attacking. Alternate translation: “and I will not put it back in its sheath again” or “I will not hold back from attacking people”
21:6 ius9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom groan as your loins break 0 Yahweh tells Ezekiel to groan as a sign to accompany his message. He tells him to groan deeply as if his abdomen was in great pain. “groan deeply as if your loins were in great pain” or “groan deeply with great sorrow”
21:6 n99h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche before their eyes 0 Here the Israelites are referred to by their “eyes” to emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: “before them” or “before the Israelite people”
21:7 jri2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the news that is coming 0 This speaks of the “news” as if it were a person that was soon coming to them. Alternate translation: “the news that they will soon hear”
21:7 c8df rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche for every heart will faint away 0 This speaks of people becoming afraid, as if their hearts were fainting. Also, this speaks of the people fainting as a result of fear. Alternate translation: “for everyone will become fearful” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:7 t44k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Every spirit will grow faint 0 This speaks of people becoming fearful in their spirits as if their spirits were about to faint. Alternate translation: “Everyone will be fearful in their inner being”
21:7 p1p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism every knee will flow like water 0 “every knee will be as weak as water.” This is a euphemism for people being so afraid that they lose their bladder control and urinate on themselves. Alternate translation: “every leg will be wet with urine” or “everyone will lose control of their urine”
21:7 nfk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
21:8 jft4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
21:9 u3s4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A sword! A sword! It will be sharpened and polished! 0 This passage describes the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for an enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem. This metaphor begins here and continues through [Ezekiel 21:17](../21/17.md).
21:9 luz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive It will be sharpened and polished 0 This phrase indicates that the sword is ready for someone to use it. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It is sharp and polished”
21:10 l1f2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues to describe the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem.
21:10 f22c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive It will be sharpened … It will be polished in order to 0 These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will sharpen it … I will polish it so that it will”
21:10 d5jv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile in order to be like lightning 0 This means that the sword will be so shiny that light reflects off of it easily and brightly. Alternate translation: “so that it flashes like lightning” or “so that light reflects off of it as brightly as lightning”
21:10 l8t7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should we rejoice in my son’s scepter? 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes that the people of Israel will not celebrate their king’s power, because it cannot resist the “sword.” Alternate translation: “The people of Judah will not celebrate about their king’s scepter.” or “we should not celebrate the power of our king’s scepter.”
21:10 vq6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive Should we 0 The word “we” refers to Ezekiel and the people of Israel.
21:10 kyj2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in my son’s scepter 0 Here Yahweh refers to the king of Judah as his son. The king’s scepter represents his rule as king. It is important to maintain the image of the king’s scepter here, as the words “every such rod” refer to the scepter. Alternate translation: “in the king’s scepter” or “in the power that the king’s scepter represents”
21:10 h3tv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The coming sword hates every such rod 0 Here the “sword” is personified as coming to attack the people. This speaks of the king not being able to resist the “sword”, as if the “sword” were hating the king’s scepter. Alternate translation: “the sword will overpower his scepter like that of any other ruler” or “for the king will not be able to resist when the sword is brought against him”
21:10 d6gp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony such rod 0 This phrase is used to mock the king’s scepter by calling it a “rod.” Alternate translation: “such scepter”
21:11 z7un rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the sword will be given to be polished 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will polish the sword”
21:11 p6m7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive then to be grasped by the hand 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then the right person will hold it in his hand”
21:11 h6tw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it is to be given into the hand of the one who kills 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it is ready for the killer to use”
21:12 u2r3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues to describe the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem.
21:12 l5al rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification that sword has come against my people! It is against all 0 This speaks of Yahweh’s sword attacking his people as if the sword itself were the attacker. Alternate translation: “I will use my sword to kill my people! I will bring it against all”
21:12 t9ym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They are thrown against the sword with my people 0 This speaks of the leaders of Israel being killed with a sword as if they are thrown against the sword. Alternate translation: “They are killed with the sword along with my people” or “The sword will kill them along with my people”
21:12 xzv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction slap your thigh 0 In Ezekiel’s culture, slapping one’s thigh was a sign of grief. Some other translation use the gesture of beating one’s breast which is a sign of grief in many cultures. Alternate translation: “beat your chests”
21:13 w1lx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the scepter 0 Here the king of Judah is represented by his scepter. Alternate translation: “the king”
21:13 z8iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom does not last 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cannot resist” or “is destroyed”
21:14 wn2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues to describe the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem.
21:14 qub8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction hit your two hands together 0 This means for him to clap his hands as a sign of his grief. Alternate translation: “clap your hands to show that you are very sad”
21:14 hyy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal even a third time 0 This is an idiom that means multiple times. Alternate translation: “again and again” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
21:14 mc1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive A sword for the ones to be slaughtered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It is a sword for slaughtering people”
21:14 py3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive It is a sword for the many to be slaughtered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It is a sword for slaughtering many people”
21:14 spp8 piercing them everywhere 0 “attacking them from every side.” Some Bibles translate this as “which enters into their rooms.” This means no matter where they hide, the sword will kill them.
21:14 d9nr piercing them 0 The word “them” refers to the people of Jerusalem and of the land of Israel.
21:15 s461 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues to describe the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the enemy army that Yahweh will use to attack Jerusalem.
21:15 r7xl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to melt their hearts 0 This speaks of causing the people to be so terrified that it is as if their hearts were melting. Alternate translation: “to fill them with terror” or “to cause them to be terrified”
21:15 u5ry rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to multiply their fallen 0 Here “fallen” refers to the people killed in battle. This means there will be a greater number of people killed. Alternate translation: “to kill many people among them”
21:15 h1ty rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor set the sword for slaughter 0 Here the sword of Yahweh represents men with swords that are to attack Jerusalem. Also, the word “slaughter” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “placed soldiers armed with swords at their gates, ready to slaughter the people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
21:15 tdr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile It is made like lightning 0 This compares how the sword is well polished and how it reflects light to appear like lightning. Alternate translation: “My sword is polished and flashes like lightning” or “It is polished and reflects light as being like lightning”
21:15 r9yh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor it is grasped for slaughter 0 The sword of Yahweh represents the men with swords that are to attack Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “released to slaughter the people”
21:16 vhe8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe You, sword! Strike to the right! & Go wherever your face is turned. 0 Here Yahweh speaks to those who will attack his people as if they could hear him and as if they were a sword that they would use in the attack. He does this to emphasize that he is in control of what is happening during the attack. The phrase “wherever your face is turned” is an idiom for “wherever you desire to go.” Alternate translation: “I tell those attacking with swords, ‘Strike to the right! … Attack in every direction.’” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
21:17 asm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction hit my two hands together 0 “clap my hands.” Here clapping hands is a sign of triumph. Alternate translation: “clap my hands in triumph”
21:18 nz8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came to me again 0 The phrase “the word of Yahweh came” is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 18:1](../18/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke to me again”
21:19 m4nn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the sword of the king of Babylon 0 The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill people using swords. Alternate translation: “the soldiers of the king of Babylon” or “the Babylonian army”
21:19 ym34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a signpost will mark one of them as leading to a city 0 This is a sign posted where the road divides into two roads. Alternate translation: “a sign will be posted where the road divides into two roads”
21:21 g5fx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism at the crossroads, at the junction 0 Both of these phrases refer to the place where the two roads meet. Alternate translation: “at the crossroads”
21:22 ccu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy In his right hand will be an omen about Jerusalem 0 This means the he will hold one of the articles of his divination that was read as an omen against Jerusalem in his right hand. Alternate translation: “In his right hand will be an article of divination with an omen against Jerusalem”
21:22 iw1d battering rams 0 A battering ram was a cut tree or large log with a sharpened end or an end covered in metal. It was held by several men who would pound the end against a wall.
21:22 q1zh to build a ramp 0 These were large dirt ramps that the Babylonian soldiers built so that they could get onto the walls of Jerusalem.
21:22 nzg7 siege towers 0 These were wooden towers that the Babylonian soldiers built around Jerusalem to enable them to shoot arrows over the walls of Jerusalem.
21:23 a1iv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in the eyes of the ones in Jerusalem 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “in the thoughts of the people in Jerusalem”
21:24 w4vc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you will be taken in hand 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The “enemy’s hand” represents the enemy’s control. Alternate translation: “your enemy will take you in his hand” or “your enemies will capture you and take you into captivity” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:25 x5c4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom whose day of punishment has come 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “whom Yahweh will now punish”
21:25 zxc1 whose time of committing iniquity has ended 0 Alternate translation: “at the time when Yahweh ends iniquity”
21:26 h94t the turban 0 “the king’s turban.” A turban is a beautiful piece of cloth that kings wore wrapped on their heads as a symbol of their authority.
21:26 fwf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the lowly … the exalted 0 This refers to people with low status and people who are exalted. Alternate translation: “those who are lowly … those who are exalted” or “those with low status … those with high status”
21:27 qcp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy It will not be restored 0 Here the crown represents the position of king. The kingship will not be restored until the Messiah comes. Alternate translation: “There will no longer be a king”
21:27 ngj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the one comes who is assigned 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one comes who I assign”
21:28 s9mt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns concerning their coming disgrace 0 The word “disgrace” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “about how he will disgrace them”
21:28 wl2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A sword, a sword is drawn! It is sharpened for the slaughter 0 This refers to the sword of Yahweh which is a metaphor for the soldiers that Yahweh uses to kill a large number of people who have been disobedient to him. Alternate translation: “Swords! My soldiers have drawn their swords! They are sharpened for the slaughter”
21:28 t6s4 is drawn 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is out of its sheath”
21:28 b94s It is sharpened for the slaughter in order to devour 0 This speaks of the soldiers killing people as if they were animals devouring their prey. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It is sharp in order to slaughter and to kill people”
21:28 js4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile so it will be like lightning 0 This means that the sword is so shiny that light reflects off of it easily and brightly. Alternate translation: “and light reflects off of it as brightly as lightning”
21:29 x4ak rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations empty visions for you … with lies for you 0 “empty visions for you Ammonites … with lies for you Ammonites.” The word “you” refers to the people of Ammon. In the original Biblical language, the word “your” is feminine singular and refers to the nation of Ammon. Nations were often thought of as a woman.
21:29 qi4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor empty visions 0 This speaks of visions being false and meaningless as if they were empty containers. Alternate translation: “visions that are not true” or “false visions”
21:29 gji8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the wicked 0 This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked”
21:29 la5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who are about to be killed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who are about to die”
21:29 a8rs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom whose day of punishment has come and whose time of iniquity is about to end 0 The phrases “day of” and “time of” are idioms. Alternate translation: “for the time has come for them to be punished and for their iniquity to end” or “for the time has come for me to punish them and for them to no longer be able to commit wickedness”
21:30 r5ab rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Return the sword to its sheath 0 “Later the sword will be put back in its sheath.” This speaks of the soldiers withdrawing from attacking Jerusalem, by saying that Yahweh’s sword is put back in its sheath. Alternate translation: “But later the soldiers will return their swords to their sheaths, for the time of slaughter will be over” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:30 ge15 sheath 0 This is something that holds and covers a sword when no one is using it. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:3](../21/03.md).
21:30 g9uy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns In the place of your creation 0 The word “creation” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “In the place that I created you”
21:31 dm1x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will pour out my indignation on you 0 This speaks of Yahweh punishing the Babylonians because of his indignation against them as if his indignation were a liquid that he poured out of a container upon them. Alternate translation: “I will punish you because of indignation against you” or “Out of my anger I will punish you”
21:31 iui1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will fan the fire of my rage against you 0 This compares Yahweh’s rage to a consuming fire. Alternate translation: “I will bring my rage upon you like a blazing fire” or “I will punish you in my fierce anger”
21:31 nc5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of cruel men 0 The “hand” of the men refers to their control. Alternate translation: “the control of cruel men”
21:32 h97t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive You will not be remembered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one will remember you”
22:intro v9yg 0 # Ezekiel 22 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Continuous evil\n\nMurder, idolatry and all sorts of evil have been done in Jerusalem; so God will destroy the city and scatter the people among the nations. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
22:1 r5l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
22:2 v6kn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Now you, son of man, will you judge? Will you judge the city of blood? 0 This rhetorical question functions as a command. AT. “Son of man, go and judge. Go and judge the city of blood.”
22:2 eh7w son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
22:2 a7f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the city of blood 0 The word “blood” is a metonym for murder. Alternate translation: “the city where many people murder their neighbors”
22:2 jzh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations her 0 The word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Cities were often thought of as a woman. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
22:3 j2cg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations her … herself 0 The word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Cities were often thought of as a woman. This continues through verse 32. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
22:3 u3b4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy This is a city that pours … her midst 0 Here the “city” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people who live in this city pour … its midst”
22:3 v7a4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor that pours out blood in her midst 0 The word “blood” is a metonym for murder. Alternate translation: “where many people murder their neighbors”
22:3 j6ka rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit so that her time may come 0 This refers to the time when Yahweh will destroy them. Alternate translation: “so that the time of her destruction may come” or “so that the time may come for her to be destroyed”
22:3 ujd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor unclean 0 A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean.
22:4 u2vl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor by the blood that you have poured out 0 This speaks of murdering people as pouring out blood. Alternate translation: “because you murdered innocent people”
22:4 lxu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor unclean 0 A person whom God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean.
22:4 b7gh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom You have drawn your days to a close, and the end of your years has come 0 The images of days being brought to a close and years coming to an end are both idioms representing ending by death or by destruction. By saying that Jerusalem has brough her days to a close, Yahweh implies that Jerusalem would soon be destroyed because of the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “Because of these things you have done, you are approaching the end of your time” or “You are bringing your existence to an end” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] )
22:4 u8pd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I will make you a reproach to the nations and a laughingstock to all the lands 0 This can be reworded so that the nouns “reproach” and “laughingstock” are expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “I will make the nations reproach you and all the lands ridicule you”
22:4 t4k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole to all the lands 0 This generalization refers to the places who are familiar with Jerusalem and represents the people who live in these places. Alternate translation: “of the people of every nearby land”
22:6 mi2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe come to you 0 Yahweh speaks to the city of Jerusalem itself as if it were a woman who could hear him speak. Alternate translation: “come to Jerusalem”
22:6 gx6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to pour out blood 0 This speaks of murdering people as pouring out blood. Alternate translation: “to murder people”
22:7 b8l5 within you … in your midst … within you 0 Yahweh speaks to the city of Jerusalem itself as if it were a woman who could hear him speak. Alternate translation: “within Jerusalem … in the midst of Jerusalem … within Jerusalem.” The words “you” and “your” refer to Jerusalem.
22:9 x1yw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they eat on the mountains 0 Here “the mountains” refer to the altars on the mountains that are dedicated to idols. They men eat meat that has been sacrificed to the idols in order to be have the blessing of false gods. Alternate translation: “they eat the meat that has been sacrificed to idols”
22:10 zj5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe Within you 0 In all instances of this phrase, the writer refers to the people of Jerusalem as if they were the city itself, and of the city of Jerusalem as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “within this city” or “among you people of Jerusalem” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:10 r52h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism men uncover the nakedness of their father 0 This means that a son sleeps with his father’s wife. Alternate translation: “there are men who sleep with their father’s wife”
22:10 d8i1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they have violated unclean women during their menstrual period 0 These are all ways to express that the men have had slept with women they should not have and how sinful their actions are. Alternate translation: “They have raped unclean women during their menstrual period”
22:10 r6h7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor unclean 0 A person whom God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. Women were considered to be unclean during their menstrual period.
22:11 i4cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit commit abominations with their neighbors’ wives … make their own daughters-in-law shamefully unclean … abuse their own sisters 0 These are all ways to express that the men have had slept with women they should not have and how sinful their actions are. Alternate translation: “commit abominations by sleeping with their neighbors’ wives … make their own daughters-in-law shamefully unclean by sleeping with them … rape their own sisters”
22:12 n8h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to pour out blood 0 This speaks of murdering people as pouring out blood. Alternate translation: “to murder people”
22:12 tf3b interest 0 This word refers to the money paid by a person to use borrowed money. However, some modern versions interpret “interest” in this passage as “too much interest.”
22:12 zdw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit you have damaged your neighbors through oppression 0 This means that they have oppressed their neighbors by charging them too much interest. Alternate translation: “you have oppressed your neighbors and made them poor” or “you have made your neighbors poor by charging too much interest”
22:12 jp8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you have forgotten me 0 Refusing to obey Yahweh is like forgetting that he exists.
22:12 al1x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
22:13 b8at rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction With my hand I have struck 0 “I have shaken my fist against” or “I have clapped my hands against.” This is a symbolic action that shows anger and disapproval. Alternate translation: “I have shown my anger and disapproval against”
22:14 i494 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will your heart stand, will your hands be strong on the days when I myself will deal with you? 0 Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize how hurt they will be when he punishes them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your heart will not stand and your hands will not be strong on the days when I myself will deal with you.”
22:14 se71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Will your heart stand 0 Here the whole person is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions and will. Here the idea of “standing” is an idiom that means to be courageous. Alternate translation: “Will you stand” or “Will you be courageous” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
22:14 ajb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche will your hands be strong 0 Here the whole person is referred to by his “hands.” Alternate translation: “will you be strong”
22:15 q5cz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism So I will scatter you among the nations and disperse you through the lands 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/15.md). Alternate translation: “So I will cause them to separate from each other and live in different nations”
22:15 zmj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor uncleanness 0 A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean.
22:15 e3bn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the nations 0 Here the “nations” refer to the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “the people in other nations”
22:16 ka57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor So you will become unclean in the eyes of the nations 0 Here the “nations” refer to the people who live in those places. The “eyes” represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “So the nations will consider you unclean”
22:16 y3i5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
22:17 zqj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
22:18 nd5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel has 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites have” or “the Israelite people group has”
22:18 q3kz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor has become dross to me 0 Dross is the impurities that are left over after silver or gold has been purified in a furnace. Here Yahweh speaks of the people being worthless to him as if they were dross. Alternate translation: “has become as worthless to me as dross”
22:18 apn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor All of them are the leftovers of bronze and tin … like the dross of silver in your furnace 0 Yahweh continues to speaks about how the people have become worthless to him as if they were dross. Alternate translation: “All of them are as worthless as the leftover of bronze and tin, and iron and lead that remain after you melt silver in the furnace”
22:20 z88f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I will gather you in my anger and my wrath 0 The phrases with “anger” and “wrath” are used together to emphasize that he was extremely angry. Alternate translation: “Because of my great anger and wrath, I will gather you” or “I will be furiously angry with you, and I will gather you”
22:21 z69y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will gather you and blow on you the fire of my wrath 0 This is the image of a person gathering the metals in the furnace and blowing the fire to make it hotter. Yahweh speaks of the greatness of his wrath as if it were a fire that he was blowing to make it hotter. Alternate translation: “I will gather you, and my wrath will be like a fire that I will blow on you”
22:22 mim9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor have poured out my wrath on you 0 God speaks of punishing the people as if his wrath were a liquid that he would pour on them. Alternate translation: “have punished you in my anger”
22:23 y9kt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
22:24 i1bn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive You are a land that has not been cleansed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The word “land” here refers to Israel and to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “You are a land and a people that is unclean” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:24 c4rz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor not been cleansed 0 A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean.
22:24 fy7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom There is no rain on the day of wrath 0 Rain is used as an example of God’s blessing. Alternate translation: “There is no blessing on the day of wrath”
22:25 alu8 There is a conspiracy of her prophets in her midst 0 The word “her” refers to Israel. Alternate translation: “The prophets within Israel plot conspiracies”
22:25 xfb1 conspiracy 0 a secret plan made by two or more people to do something harmful or illegal
22:25 x5z7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like a roaring lion tearing apart a victim. They consume life and take precious wealth 0 This compares the prophets of Israel to lions who attack and kill their victims. Alternate translation: “They kill people for they are like roaring lions who attack and kill their prey. They take peoples’ precious wealth”
22:25 irv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they make many widows within her 0 The word “her” refers to Israel. They “make many widows” by killing married men. Alternate translation: “they make many women into widows by killing their husbands”
22:26 g2wa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the unclean and the clean 0 This refers to unclean and clean things. Something that God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “things that are unclean and things that are clean” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:26 qr2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They hide their eyes from my Sabbaths 0 This speaks of the people ignoring and not observing the Sabbath and if they were hiding their eyes from the Sabbath” Alternate translation: “They ignore my Sabbaths”
22:26 lvt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive so that I am profaned in their midst 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and profane me among themselves”
22:27 cy5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Her princes within her are like wolves tearing apart their victims 0 This compares Israel’s princes to wolves who attack and kill their victims.
22:27 ni39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism They pour out blood and destroy life 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the violence that the princes practice. Alternate translation: “They murder people”
22:28 ii3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Her prophets have painted them over with whitewash 0 This speaks of the prophets trying to hide these sins as if they were something that they could paint over with whitewash. Alternate translation: “It is like her prophets have painted over their sins with whitewash” or “Their prophets try to hide these evil things”
22:29 wdj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis have oppressed … and plundered 0 The understood words may be supplied. Alternate translation: “have oppressed people … and plundered others”
22:29 k2bg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the poor and needy 0 This refers to poor and needy people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor and needy”
22:30 w3cn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh compares the leaders of Jerusalem to a wall and himself to an invading army.
22:30 d1ss rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a man from them who would build up a wall 0 This speaks of a man who would take responsibility to pray for the people and to lead them to repentance as if that man were to build a wall to protect the people from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “a man from among them who would act like he built a wall”
22:30 ml2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor stand before me in its breach 0 Its “breach” refers to a gap in the wall. This speaks of the man defending the people before Yahweh as if he were a warrior standing in the breach to defend the city.
22:30 fph5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for the land so I would not destroy it 0 Here the “land” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “for the people so that I would not destroy them”
22:31 v2tp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor pour out my indignation upon them 0 This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people as if his indignation were a liquid that he poured out on them. Alternate translation: “I will punish the people because of my indignation for them” or “I will punish the people because of my anger against them”
22:31 dh4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will finish them with the fire of my indignation 0 This speaks of how harsh Yahweh’s judgement is by comparing it to a fire. Here destroying the people is referred to as “finishing” them. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them with my wrath which is as intense as a blazing fire” or “I will destroy them with my wrath” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
23:intro tr7w 0 # Ezekiel 23 General Notes\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nIsrael and Judah have been unfaithful to God by worshiping idols. They are compared to two unfaithful wives who have repeatedly committed adultery. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
23:1 n9qw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
23:2 z293 Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
23:3 rn52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Their breasts were squeezed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Men squeezed their breasts”
23:3 gzk8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism their virgin nipples were fondled there 0 This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous phrase and emphasizes the immoral behavior of the two young women. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “there men fondled their virgin nipples” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
23:4 dt7j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they became mine 0 This means that he married them and they became his wives. Alternate translation: “they became my wives”
23:4 v1jc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Their names mean this: Oholah means Samaria, and Oholibah means Jerusalem 0 “Oholah represents Samaria, and Oholibah represents Jerusalem.” In this metaphor Samaria is spoken of as if it were Oholah and Jerusalem is spoken of as if it were Oholibah. This speaks of how these cities were unfaithful to Yahweh as if they were unfaithful wives.
23:4 gq1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Oholah 0 This is the name of a woman that means “her tent.”
23:4 v8en rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Oholibah 0 This is the name of a woman that means “my tent is in her.”
23:5 bdi2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit when she was mine 0 This refers to when she was his wife. Alternate translation: “while she was still my wife”
23:7 kx3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit she made herself unclean with everyone she lusted for—and with all their idols 0 This implies that she slept with all of these men and worshiped the idols they worshiped. Alternate translation: “she made herself unclean by sleeping with everyone she lusted for and by worshiping all their idols”
23:7 gtx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor unclean 0 A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean.
23:8 j6if rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor poured out their lust upon her 0 This speaks of lust as if it were a large amount of water that they were pouring out on her. Alternate translation: “to act lustfully toward her”
23:9 lch3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I gave her into the hand of her lovers, into the hand of the Assyrians 0 The word “hand” refers to power or control. The two phrases have the same meaning and the second phrase explains that “her lovers” were “the Assyrians.” Alternate translation: “I gave her over to her lovers, the Assyrians” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
23:10 e3uw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom they executed judgment on her 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “they talked about her disgrace” or “she had a bad reputation among them”
23:11 zbu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Oholibah 0 This is the name of a woman that means “my tent is in her.” See how you translated this name in [Ezekiel 23:4](../23/04.md).
23:13 jv3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor unclean 0 A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](../23/07.md).
23:13 c3am rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit It was the same for both sisters 0 This refers to how they had both made themselves unclean. Alternate translation: “Both sisters became unclean through their acts of prostitution”
23:15 d6xq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns had the appearance of officers of chariot troops, the likeness of sons 0 The abstract nouns “likeness” and “appearance” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “appeared the way officers of chariot troops do, and they looked like sons”
23:17 pxm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit her bed of lust 0 This refers to her bed where she slept with men and acted lustfully. Alternate translation: “her bed where she acted lustfully”
23:17 wf38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they made her unclean with their promiscuousness 0 This means that they slept with the woman. Alternate translation: “they slept with her and made her unclean”
23:17 vew5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor unclean 0 A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](../23/07.md).
23:17 q8ct rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom so she turned herself away from them 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “so she rejected them”
23:20 hg43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile whose private parts were like those of donkeys 0 This compares the size of the mens’ private parts to those of a donkey to show how wicked Oholibah’s desires were. This is an exaggeration as they could not be as large as those of a donkey. Alternate translation: “whose private parts were very long, like those of a donkey” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
23:20 cs4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile whose reproductive emissions were like those of horses 0 This compares the volume of the mens’ emissions to those of a horse to show how wicked Oholibah’s desires were. This is an exaggeration as they could not be like those of a horse. Alternate translation: “whose reproductive emissions were huge, like those of a horse” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
23:23 b6g9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them 0 This does not refer to all of the people who live in these places, but rather to soldiers from there. Alternate translation: “soldiers from Babylon and all of Chaldea, Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the soldiers of Assyria with them”
23:23 j89j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Pekod, Shoa, and Koa 0 These are the names places in Babylonia. These places represent the soldiers from these places. Alternate translation: “those from Pekod, Shoa, and Koa” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
23:23 znx2 strong, handsome men, governors and commanders … all of them riding on horses 0 This is the description of the men of Assyria that Oholah had slept with who are now turning against her. This is similar to the description given in [Ezekiel 23:6](../23/06.md).
23:24 pyq5 with weapons 0 The Hebrew word translated here as “weapons” is rare. Many modern versions translate it in this way, but some versions leave this phrase out.
23:24 nr1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy They will set large shields, small shields, and helmets against you all around 0 These defensive items are used to refer to various types of soldiers. Alternate translation: “Soldiers will attack you on all sides carrying large shields, small shields, and wearing helmets”
23:25 i8jn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For I will set my jealous anger on you, and they will deal with you in fury 0 Here Yahweh speaks of causing the armies to attack them because he is angry with them as if his anger where something that he was placing upon them. Alternate translation: Because I am very jealous for you, I will cause them to act furiously towards you”
23:25 uwb6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They will cut off your noses and your ears 0 This describes the punishment in Babylon for married women who slept with men that are not their husbands. Alternate translation: “They will punish you as an adulteress, by cutting of your noses and your ears”
23:25 f1n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism your survivors will fall by the sword 0 The word “fall” is a euphemism for “die.” The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who kill with swords. Alternate translation: “men will kill your survivors with their swords” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
23:25 ay3m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification your survivors will be devoured by fire 0 This speaks of the survivors being burned by fire as if the fire were an animal attacking and eating them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your survivors will be burned by fire” or “fire will burn your survivors” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
23:27 e5hm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit from the land of Egypt 0 This refers to her prostitution as beginning in Egypt. Alternate translation: “which you began in the land of Egypt”
23:27 ygi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You will not lift up your eyes toward them with longing 0 This is a way to refer to a person turning their head to look at something. Here looking represents desire. Alternate translation: “You will not look toward them with longing” or “You will not desire these things”
23:27 sh71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you will think of Egypt no longer 0 Here “Egypt” represents the shameful things that she did in Egypt. Alternate translation: “you will think about the things you did in Egypt no longer” or “you will not think about what you did in Egypt any more”
23:28 vhb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit give you into the hand of the ones you hate … into the hand of the ones from whom you had turned away 0 These two phrases have the same meaning. It means that they will be captured by the men they used to prostitute themselves to. Alternate translation: “allow you to be captured by those you hate and had turned away from”
23:28 krd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy into the hand 0 Here the word “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “into the control”
23:29 xqa4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet naked and bare 0 These two words mean the same thing and emphasize that she will be completely uncovered.
23:29 pgf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive your nakedness will be uncovered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They will reveal your nakedness”
23:30 n3n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive These things will be done to you in your acting 0 “These things will be done to you because you have acted.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “These things will happen to you because you have acted”
23:30 i1mg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy acting like a prostitute, lusting after nations 0 Ezekiel speaks of Oholibah, who represents Judah ([Ezekiel 23:4](../23/04.md)), as if she were a prostitute sleeping with the men of many nations for money. He wants the people of Judah to understand that Yahweh to punish them because they were worshiping the idols of other nations so they could get those nations’ wealth and power. Alternate translation: “acting like a prostitute, lusting after men of other nations”
23:30 x6mb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit became unclean with their idols 0 She became unclean by worshiping the idols. Alternate translation: “became unclean by worshiping their idols”
23:30 d56z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor unclean 0 A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](../23/07.md).
23:31 v34p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor so I will put her cup of punishment into your hand 0 This refers to Oholibah’s punishment that she will receive as if it were a cup of wine. Alternate translation: “so I will cause you to be punished in the same way as your sister”
23:32 h9zx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You will drink your sister’s cup 0 Here Yahweh speaks of punishment as if it were a cup of wine the woman drank. Alternate translation: “You will drink the same cup of punishment as your sister”
23:32 tf7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your sister’s cup that is 0 Here the “cup” represents what is in the cup. Alternate translation: “from your sister’s cup that is” or “all that is in your sister’s cup, and her cup is”
23:32 dj8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism a laughingstock … a subject for derision 0 Both of these phrases refer to a person who is laughed at and criticized because of their foolish behavior. Derision is mocking or ridiculing something or someone.
23:32 w3yx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis this cup contains a great amount 0 This sentence does not say what is in the cup because it is understood by reading [Ezekiel 23:31](../23/31.md). Alternate translation: “this cup contains a great amount of punishment”
23:33 g6dn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You will be filled with drunkenness and sorrow 0 This speaks of being very drunk and full of sorrow as if drunkenness and sorrow were things that filled her body. Alternate translation: “You will become very drunk and very sad”
23:33 pw5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet the cup of horror and devastation 0 “the cup that causes horror and devastation.” The words “horror” and “devastation” share similar meanings here and emphasize how terrible her punishment will be. Alternate translation: “for what is in that cup causes horror and devastation”
23:33 t7dj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the cup of your sister Samaria 0 Oholibah’s sister Oholah represents Samaria. Samaria is called by it’s name but still referred to as a sister. The cup is a symbol for the punishment that she received. Alternate translation: “for this is the same cup of punishment that your sister, who represents Samaria, drank”
23:34 hs2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
23:35 k299 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor thrown me away behind your back 0 Yahweh speaks of Oholibah rejecting him as if he were an object that she had thrown behind her back and forgotten. Alternate translation: “rejected me”
23:36 ght4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Son of man, will you judge Oholah and Oholibah? 0 Yahweh uses this rhetorical question as a command for Ezekiel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. The cities of Jerusalem and Samaria are represented by Oholah and Oholibah. Alternate translation: “Son of man, you will judge Oholah and Oholibah!” or “Son of man, judge the people of those two cities represented by Oholah and Oholibah.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
23:36 m5e3 Son of man 0 “Son of a human being” or “Son of humanity.” God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md).
23:38 wj94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor unclean 0 A person or thing God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 23:7](../23/07.md).
23:38 b7r3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis on the same day they defile my Sabbaths 0 The phrase “same day” refers to the previous phrase “make my sanctuary unclean.” Alternate translation: “on the same day on which they make my sanctuary unclean, they defile my Sabbaths”
23:39 c5rz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche in the middle of my house 0 This refers to the house in general. The reference to the “middle” emphasizes that what was done happened openly in the temple and defiled the whole place. Alternate translation: “in my own house”
23:40 tq47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh again refers to the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes.
23:40 g1jq behold 0 Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
23:40 ale7 you bathed, painted your eyes, and adorned yourself with jewelry 0 These are things done by a woman to make her appear more beautiful to a man.
23:40 k1au rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you bathed 0 Here the word “you” switches to singular and refers to only one sister, but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here.
23:41 j4l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you sat 0 Here the word “you” switches to singular and refers to only one sister, but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here.
23:42 jt3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy So the sound of a noisy crowd was around her 0 The sound of the crowd is used to refer to the crowd of people. Alternate translation: “So there was a noisy crowd around her”
23:42 t1ly was around her … on their hands 0 This verse begins by referring to one of the sisters but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here. In the second part of the verse it switches back to referring to both sisters with the word “their.” Alternate translation: “was around her … on her and her sister’s hands”
23:42 b87k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Sabeans were brought 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The word “Sabeans” refers to people from Sheba. Alternate translation: “Sabeans had come” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
23:43 wi7x her who was worn out … with her, and she with them 0 This refers to one of the sisters but the situation is probably the same for both sisters. If one sister must be specified in your language, refer to Oholibah here.
23:44 ea8z They went in to her, as men go in to a prostitute 0 They had sexual relations with her in the same way that men have sexual relations with a prostitute.
23:44 ult7 They went in to her 0 Alternate translation: “They went in to where she was” or “They went to her”
23:44 fs3v In this way they went in to Oholah and Oholibah 0 Alternate translation: “This is how they had sexual relations with Oholah and Oholibah”
23:45 as8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom pass judgment 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “condemn”
23:45 zg5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom who shed blood … blood is on their hands 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “who murder people … murderers”
23:46 mry5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom raise up a company 0 The phrase “raise up” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “gather a large group of people”
23:46 na2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive to be terrorized and plundered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for the company to terrorize and plunder them”
23:47 qul5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom cut them down 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “kill them”
23:49 lkh2 So they will set your 0 “So the company will set your.” The word “they” refers to the “company” of people from [Ezekiel 23:47](../23/47.md).
23:49 fgf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom set your shameful behavior against you 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cause you to accept responsibility for your shameful behavior” or “punish you for your shameful behavior”
23:49 uj93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit bear the guilt of your sins with your idols 0 “accept responsibility for the guilt of your sins with your idols.” This implies that they will be punished for their sins. Alternate translation: “receive the punishment for sinning by worshiping your idols”
24:intro ej5j 0 # Ezekiel 24 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Too many sins to be forgiven\n\nThe people of Jerusalem cannot be cleaned from their sin. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nJerusalem is compared to a pot, so rusted that it cannot be cleaned from its rust. They have been completely rotted by their sin. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
24:1 e7xf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
24:1 zmw7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal in the ninth year 0 “in year 9.” This refers to how long they had been in exile under King Jehoiachin. Alternate translation: “in the ninth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
24:1 n6gx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month 0 “the tenth day of the tenth month” or “the 10th day of the 10th month.” This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
24:2 i79z Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
24:2 ve79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the king of Babylon has besieged 0 The army of Babylon is referred to by its leader. Alternate translation: “the army of the king of Babylon has besieged”
24:3 xw29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy this rebellious house 0 This is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:5](../02/05.md). Alternate translation: “this rebellious people”
24:4 cet6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Gather pieces of food 0 Here “food” refers specifically to meat. Alternate translation: “Place pieces of meat”
24:5 h692 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit pile up the bones under it 0 Some cultures add bones to a fire because they burn longer than wood. This refers to the bones that remained after the best bones were placed in the pot. Alternate translation: “place the rest of the bones under the pot to fuel the fire”
24:6 j2jd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the city of blood 0 Here “blood” is a reference to “murder.” Alternate translation: “the city of murderers”
24:6 l7p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a cooking pot 0 Yahweh continues to compare Jerusalem to a cooking pot. Alternate translation: “it is like a cooking pot”
24:6 u69f rust 0 the red material that forms on metal. Rust eats away at metal and eventually destroys it
24:6 t39c Take piece after piece 0 Yahweh does not give this command to a specific person. This is a general command given to an unspecified person within this metaphor.
24:6 wge9 but do not cast lots for it 0 Casting lots was a way of choosing which pieces of meat to take out, but because Yahweh wants to take out all of the pieces of meat, there is no need to cast lots.
24:7 b2an rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit For her blood is in the midst of her 0 This means that the blood from those who were murdered in Jerusalem is still there. Alternate translation: “For the blood of those who were murdered among her is still there”
24:7 tij3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification She has set it on the smooth rock; she has not poured it out on the ground to cover it with dust 0 This personifies Jerusalem as a person who murdered the people and chose where to put their blood. Alternate translation: “They were murdered on the smooth rocks; not on the dirt where the dust would hide their blood” or “Their blood fell on the smooth rocks; it did not fall on the ground where the dust would cover it”
24:8 k2au rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit so it brings fury up to exact vengeance 0 Here Yahweh is speaking about himself taking revenge on those who murdered the people in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “in order that I could see it and then be angry and get revenge”
24:8 h9cs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive so it could not be covered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that no one could cover it”
24:9 k8zi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the city of blood 0 Here “blood” is a reference to “murder.” Alternate translation: “the city of murderers”
24:9 b6ad rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will also enlarge the pile of wood 0 It is implied that the pile of wood is under the cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. “I will make the pile of wood on the fire under you even bigger”
24:10 vsz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive let the bones be charred 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “burn the bones”
24:11 f8sl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive so its uncleanness within it will be melted, its corrosion consumed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to melt the uncleanness within it and to consume its corrosion”
24:11 pz35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor uncleanness 0 A person whom God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean.
24:12 pvf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor She has become weary 0 Here the word “she” refers to the cooking pot. This is the cooking pot that is metaphorical for Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem has become tired”
24:12 bj7t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom but her corrosion has not gone out of her by the fire 0 The phrase “has not gone out of her” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “but the fire did not burn away her corrosion”
24:13 f1bi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy until I have satisfied my fury upon you. 0 This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people in his anger as if it were his “fury” that were punishing them. Alternate translation: “until I am finished punishing you and am no longer furious with you” or “until I have punished you and I am longer angry with you”
24:14 rdm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
24:15 cmi1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
24:16 py3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the desire of your eyes from 0 This refers to Ezekiel’s wife. Yahweh refers to Ezekiel by the part of his body he uses to see his wife. Alternate translation: “your wife, whom you love very much, from”
24:16 sgn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism you must not mourn nor weep, and your tears must not flow 0 These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Ezekiel is not to cry about his wife dying. Alternate translation: “you must not mourn nor weep”
24:17 yh8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the dead 0 This refers to his dead wife. Alternate translation: “your dead wife”
24:17 k28d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction do not veil your facial hair 0 In Israel, men would shave their beards to express sorrow, then cover their faces until their facial hair grew back. Yahweh told Ezekiel not to cover his facial hair in order to show that he had not shaved his face to express his sorrow. Alternate translation: “do not mourn by veiling your facial hair” or “do not mourn by shaving and covering your beard”
24:20 a86e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
24:21 a8px rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
24:21 tq97 I will desecrate my sanctuary—the pride of … of your soul, and your sons 0 Alternate translation: “I will desecrate my sanctuary which is the pride … of your soul. Your sons”
24:21 qcv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the pride of your power 0 This describes the temple as the building that the people are proud of. This speaks of it as being their “pride” instead of the source of their pride. Alternate translation: “the building that you are proud of” or “the source of your strong pride”
24:21 lh1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the delight of your eyes 0 Here Yahweh refers to the people by their “eyes.” Alternate translation: “the building that you delight to look at”
24:21 fa6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the yearning of your soul 0 Here Yahweh refers to the people by their “soul” to emphasize their inner feelings. Alternate translation: “the building that you truly love”
24:21 rw4n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your sons and your daughters … will fall by the sword 0 This refers to their enemies by their swords. Alternate translation: “your sons and daughters … will be killed in war” or “your enemies will kill your sons and your daughters … with their swords”
24:23 vr9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will melt away 0 Here “melt away” is a metaphor for wasting away and dying. Alternate translation: “you will become very thin and slowly die”
24:23 mm9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in your iniquities 0 This implies that God will not forgive the sins of these people. Alternate translation: “and I will not forgive your sins”
24:24 aqs3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor So Ezekiel will be a sign for you 0 Here the word “sign” refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of Ezekiel and his actions as being this warning. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 12:6](../12/06.md). Alternate translation: “So Ezekiel will be a warning for you”
24:25 ffu4 that I capture their temple 0 Here Yahweh speaks of destroying the temple as if it were someone that he was capturing. Alternate translation: “that I destroy their temple”
24:25 bc3v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor which is their joy, their pride 0 The abstract nouns “joy” and “pride” can be translated as noun phrases. Alternate translation: “which is what they are joyful about and what they are proud of”
24:27 xr34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive your mouth will be opened up 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Ezekiel being given understanding and the ability to speak is represented by his mouth being opened. Alternate translation: “I will open your mouth” or “you will know what to say” or “I will cause you to know what to say” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
24:27 t54k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes you will speak—you will no longer be silent 0 Both of these phrases mean that Ezekiel will speak. In the second phrase it is stated in negative form to emphasize that he will speak.
24:27 x42v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You will be a sign for them 0 Here the word “sign” refers to something that communicates a special warning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of Ezekiel and his actions as being this warning. See how you translated this metaphor in [Ezekiel 12:6](../12/06.md). Alternate translation: “You will be a warning for them”
24:27 v14c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
25:intro w37s 0 # Ezekiel 25 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### Prophecy against other nations\n\nThis chapter includes prophecies against some Gentile nations. Ammon, Moab, Edom and Philistia will all be destroyed. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
25:1 fc5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
25:2 hr8s Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
25:2 t1h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction set your face against the people of Ammon 0 This is a command to stare at the people of Ammon as a symbol of punishing them. Alternate translation: “stare at the people of Ammon” or “stare at the people of Ammon so that they will be harmed”
25:2 z8cr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction set your face against the people of Ammon 0 Ammon was far away, so Ezekiel could not see the people there, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming the people. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/02.md). Alternate translation: “Turn toward the people of Ammon and stare” or “stare toward Ammon so that the people there will be harmed”
25:2 ji1x the people of Ammon 0 Alternate translation: “the descendants of Ammon” or “those who live in the land of Ammon”
25:2 y2y9 prophesy against them 0 “prophesy about the bad things that will happen to them.” This means to prophesy about the horrible things that will happen to the people of Ammon. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:7](../04/07.md).
25:3 s9pp Hear the word of the Lord Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “Listen to this message from the Lord Yahweh”
25:3 e8ne you said, “Aha!” 0 “you cheered.” The word “Aha” is a sound people make when they are happy about something. In this case the people were happy because bad things happened to Israel and Judah.
25:3 xrf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive over my sanctuary when it was profaned 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “against my sanctuary when the enemy army profaned it”
25:3 z3wr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Judah 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Judah people group” or “the people of Judah”
25:4 cex8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am giving you to a people in the east as their possession 0 This speaks of the enemy army conquering the land of Ammon and taking possession of the land and everything in it as if the enemy were taking the people of Ammon as their possession. It is not implied here that the enemy took the people of Ammon as slaves. Alternate translation: “I will cause an army from a land that is east of you to come and conquer you”
25:4 erp6 They will set up camp against you and set up their tents among you 0 Alternate translation: “They will set up tents and live in your country”
25:4 c4qf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit They will eat your fruit and they will drink your milk 0 It may be helpful to specify the source of the fruit and milk. Alternate translation: “They will eat the fruit from your trees and drink the milk from your cattle”
25:5 p11j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the people of Ammon a field for flocks 0 Here the phrase “the people of Ammon” refers to the land that belonged to the people of Ammon. Also, the understood information at the beginning of this phrase may be supplied. Alternate translation: “I will make the rest of the land of Ammon a field for flocks” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
25:5 jjh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
25:6 yv28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction You have clapped your hands and stamped your feet 0 These actions are ways to show strong emotions. In this case the people are cheering and showing their contempt against Israel.
25:6 yi9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all the contempt within you against the land of Israel 0 Here the phrase “the land of Israel” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “all of the hatred you feel towards the people who live in Israel”
25:7 kzd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will strike you with my hand 0 “I will hit you with my powerful hand.” Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people as if he were literally hitting them with his hand. Alternate translation: “I will punish you”
25:7 u2p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy give you as plunder to the nations 0 The word “you” refers to the people of Ammon but is also a metonym for their land and their possessions. Alternate translation: “I will allow enemies to defeat you and take you, your land, and your possessions as plunder”
25:7 six2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism I will cut you off from the peoples … make you perish from among the countries 0 These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will completely destroy the people of Ammon so that they are no longer a nation. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy you so that you are no longer a nation”
25:8 m7lp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Moab and Seir 0 These places refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “the people of Moab and Seir”
25:8 yax1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The house of Judah is 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “The Judah people group are” or “The people of Judah are”
25:9 fnu5 behold! I will open 0 Alternate translation: “look! I will open” or “listen! I will open” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you! I will open”
25:9 fyg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification starting at his cities 0 Here the city of Moab is spoken of with the masculine pronoun “his.” Alternate translation: “starting at its cities”
25:10 h7xa to the people of the east who have been against the people of Ammon 0 Alternate translation: “I will send the same army from the people in the east who attacked Ammon”
25:10 nvt6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will give them up as a possession 0 Here Yahweh speaks of allowing the armies from the east to conquer Ammon as if Ammon were a possession that he was giving them. Alternate translation: “I will allow the armies to conquer them”
25:10 qs9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive so that the people of Ammon will not be remembered among the nations 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that the nations will not remember the people of Ammon”
25:12 ph9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Edom has taken 0 Here “Edom” refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people of Edom have taken”
25:12 hs3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Judah 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the descendants of Judah over many years. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Judah people group” or “the people of Judah”
25:13 shy7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will strike Edom with my hand 0 Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people as if he were literally hitting them with his hand. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 25:7](../25/07.md). Alternate translation: “I will punish Edom”
25:13 u34t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names I will make them … from Teman to Dedan 0 “I will make all of Edom … from Teman to Dedan.” These are two cities at opposite ends of Edom. This means that Yahweh will destroy all of Edom.
25:13 lfw7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy They will fall by the sword 0 The word “fall” represents being killed and the word “sword” refers to their enemies who will kill them in battle. Alternate translation: “Their enemies will kill them with their swords”
25:14 fx1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will lay my vengeance upon Edom by the hand of my people Israel 0 Here the “hand” of Israel is a metonym for Israel’s army. Yahweh speaks of taking revenge on the people of Edom as if his vengeance were like a sheet that he covered them with. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **vengeance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to punish.” Alternate translation: “I will use my people Israel to punish the people of Edom” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
25:14 h1jc they will do to Edom according to my anger and my fury 0 Alternate translation: “they will show Edom my anger and fury” or “they will punish Edom according to my anger and fury against the people of Edom”
25:14 jl32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet my anger and my fury 0 The word “fury” means basically the same thing as and intensifies the word “anger.” Alternate translation: “my furious anger” or “my extreme anger”
25:14 t72s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
25:15 ikk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The Philistines have taken vengeance with malice and from within themselves they tried to destroy Judah again and again 0 The phrase “from within themselves” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The Philistines hate Judah and have tried to take revenge against it by their own strength again and again”
25:15 k6d4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to destroy Judah 0 Here “Judah” refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “to destroy the people of Judah”
25:16 f57y Behold 0 This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
25:16 y9w5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will reach out with my hand against the Philistines 0 Here Yahweh’s power is represented by his “hand.” Alternate translation: “I will turn my powerful hand against the Philistines” or “I will turn my great power against the Philistines”
25:16 td5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will cut off 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will destroy” or “I will get rid of”
25:16 sc1u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kerethites 0 people who lived in the city of Kereth in Philistia
26:intro ya6v 0 # Ezekiel 26 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a section of prophecy against Tyre. The Babylonians will destroy Tyre. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
26:1 t2ex rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal in the eleventh year 0 “in year 11.” This means the eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. Alternate translation: “in the eleventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
26:1 z8up rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal on the first day of the month 0 “on day 1 of the month.” It is uncertain which month of the Hebrew calendar Ezekiel meant.
26:1 qf5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
26:2 niu7 Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
26:2 h3yr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Tyre has said against Jerusalem 0 Here the city names “Tyre” and “Jerusalem” represent the people of those cities. Alternate translation: “the people of Tyre have said against the people of Jerusalem”
26:2 e6ch rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations Aha! 0 The word “Aha” is a sound people make when they discover something. Alternate translation: “Yes!” or “This is great!”
26:2 ye9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The gates of the people are broken 0 The people of Tyre use these words to refer to Jerusalem as if it were a city gate through which traders from the surrounding nations pass. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Armies have broken down the gates of the people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
26:2 a2hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit She has turned to me 0 Here the word “she” refers to the word “gates” which have “turned” on their hinges to open to Tyre. This phrase means that Tyre has now replaced Jerusalem as the city through which the traders from many nations pass. Alternate translation: “The gateway has opened to me”
26:2 xwf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will be filled up 0 Here to be “filled up” represents being prosperous. Alternate translation: “I will become prosperous”
26:3 bgn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will raise up many nations against you like the sea raises its waves 0 Here the word “nations” refers to their armies. Alternate translation: “I will gather armies from many nations that will beat against you like the waves in the raging sea” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
26:4 z8j2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile I will sweep her dust away and make her like a bare rock 0 Yahweh speaks of how he will cause Tyre to be completely destroyed. Alternate translation: “I will cause the armies to completely destroy the city, and they will leave nothing there”
26:5 cu3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification She will become 0 The city of Tyre is spoken of here as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “Tyre will become” or “It will become”
26:5 m2sf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a place for nets to dry out in the midst of the sea 0 Part of Tyre was an island. This expression is a metonym for the results of Tyre’s destruction. Alternate translation: “an empty island used for drying fishing nets” or “a deserted island where people dry out their fishing nets”
26:5 x6ai rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy she will become plunder for the nations 0 “Plunder” means things that people steal or take by force. Here Tyre becoming plunder represents its wealth being carried off by other nations. Alternate translation: “the armies of the nations will take away every valuable thing from Tyre”
26:6 kv1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Her daughters who are in the fields will be slaughtered by the swords 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy armies will slaughter with swords her daughters who are in the fields”
26:6 mr2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Her daughters who are in the fields 0 This could mean: (1) “Her daughters” were the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields or (2) “Her daughters” is a metonym for nearby towns and villages on the mainland that supported the main city of Tyre. Alternate translation: “Her daughter communities who are on the mainland”
26:6 rmu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
26:7 ri6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, king of kings 0 The phrase “king of kings” was a title, meaning that he was the greatest of kings, the king that other kings obeyed. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the greatest king”
26:8 pm5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy He will kill 0 Here the word “He” refers to Nebuchadnezzar and is a metonym for his army. Alternate translation: “His army will kill”
26:8 q7kf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your daughters in the field 0 This could mean: (1) “your daughters” refers to the young women of Tyre who were working in the fields or (2) “your daughters” is a metonym for nearby towns and villages on the mainland that supported the main city of Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 26:6](../26/06.md). Alternate translation: “your daughter communities who are on the mainland”
26:9 dl2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 # General Information:\n\nThe words “he” and “his” in these verses refer to Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, and represent the soldiers in Nebuchadnezzar’s army doing these actions. The word “your” refers to the city of Tyre.
26:9 vu9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy He will place his battering rams to hit against your walls, and his tools will tear down your towers 0 Although the battering rams and tools are spoken of as acting against the walls and towers of Tyre, they would have been used by the soldiers in Nebuchadnezzar’s army against the walls and towers.
26:9 n3a4 battering rams 0 “Battering rams” are large trees or poles that many men in an army would pick up and hit against a wall or door so they could break it down and get inside. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 4:2](../04/02.md).
26:9 e4l4 tools 0 Weapons or instruments made of iron used to tear down the towers
26:10 d7sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile When he enters your gates, he will enter as men come into a city whose walls have been broken down 0 Here Yahweh uses a simile to describe how Nebuchadnezzar’s army will enter into the city of Tyre.
26:10 az2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive whose walls have been broken down 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after breaking down its walls”
26:12 j1ma 0 # General Information:\n\nThe word “They” in these verses refers to the soldiers in the armies of Nebuchadnezzar. The words “your” and “you” refer to the city of Tyre.
26:12 k2sc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism They will plunder your riches and loot your merchandise 0 The phrases “plunder your riches” and “loot your merchandise” mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis.
26:13 y7hj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The sound of your harps will be heard no more 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one will hear the sound of your harps anymore”
26:14 r43e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will make you a bare rock 0 This metaphor describes the results after Yahweh completely destroys Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 26:4](../26/04.md).
26:14 y7m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will become a place where nets are spread out to dry 0 This metaphor also describes the results after Yahweh destroys Tyre. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 26:5](../26/05.md).
26:14 f7ce rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you will become a place where nets 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will make you a place where nets”
26:15 mn77 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will not the islands quake … in your midst? 0 This question expects a positive answer and emphasizes the results of Tyre’s destruction. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “The islands will quake … in your midst.”
26:15 l6ij rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Will not the islands quake 0 Here “the islands” represents the people living on the islands. Alternate translation: “Will not the people of the islands quake with fear”
26:16 fg7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They will clothe themselves with trembling 0 This metaphor represents the princes trembling enough to seem like it was their clothing.
26:17 u3mk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive How you, who were inhabited by sailors, have been destroyed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “How your enemies have destroyed you—you who were inhabited by sailors”
26:17 ey9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns spread a terror about themselves upon everyone who lived near them 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “terrified.” Alternate translation: “caused all the people around them to be terrified”
26:18 qw2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Now the coasts tremble on the day of your downfall. The islands in the sea are terrified, because you are no longer in your place 0 These two lines are similar in meaning and emphasize the response of the surrounding people to the destruction of Tyre.
26:18 l8fi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Now the coasts tremble 0 Here “the coasts” represents the people living there. Alternate translation: “Now the people of the coastlands tremble”
26:18 ny49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The islands in the sea are terrified 0 Here “the islands in the sea” represents the people living there. Alternate translation: “The people of the islands are terrified”
26:18 yy4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification you are no longer in your place 0 The destruction of Tyre is spoken of as if it was a person who had died. Alternate translation: “you have departed” or “you exist no more”
26:19 sn11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile When I make you a desolate city, like the other cities that are not inhabited 0 Here Tyre is compared to other cities that no longer had people living in them.
26:19 h8v9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the deeps 0 Here “the deeps” means the deep waters of the sea. Alternate translation: “the deep waters”
26:20 npm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification then I will bring you down to the people of ancient times, like the others who have gone down into the pit; for I will make you live in the lowest realms of the earth as in ruins of ancient times 0 What Yahweh would do to Tyre is compared to people going to the grave and cities falling into ruin. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
26:20 k4z8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the pit 0 This refers to the grave. Because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world.
26:20 c3ul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor stand in the land of the living 0 This represents being restored to the city’s former existence.
26:21 lui3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I will place disaster on you 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **disaster**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “terrible” or the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “I will bring you to a terrible end” or “I will destroy you”
27:intro m11q 0 # Ezekiel 27 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe prophecy against Tyre continues in this chapter. Tyre has become wealthy from trade as far as Spain, but Tyre will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nTyre is compared to a ship built with the very best materials. Despite its strength and power, Yahweh will destroy it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
27:1 w529 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
27:2 x6yp son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
27:2 zc5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns begin a lamentation 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **lamentation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “lament.” Alternate translation: “begin to lament”
27:3 wz6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy say to Tyre 0 Here the word “Tyre” represents the people living in Tyre. Alternate translation: “say to the people of Tyre”
27:3 uay7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Tyre, you have said 0 Here the word “Tyre” represents the people living in Tyre. Alternate translation: “People of Tyre, you have said”
27:3 lrt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I am perfect in beauty 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **beauty**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “beautiful.” Alternate translation: “I am perfectly beautiful” or “I am entirely beautiful”
27:4 r25t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 # General Information:\n\n“Your” and “you” in these verses refer to Tyre. The city of Tyre is described here and in the following verses as if it were a beautiful ship.
27:6 tne4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a beautiful ship.
27:7 qe9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Your sails were made from colorful linen from Egypt that served as your banner 0 The sails of the ship are compared to the banners or flags of Tyre.
27:8 f813 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a beautiful ship.
27:8 hd5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Arvad 0 This is the name of a small island off the coast of Syria.
27:9 r7t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Byblos 0 This is the name of a city on the Syrian coast. Other versions call it by the name “Gebal.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
27:10 hpk8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns your splendor 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **splendor**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “splendid.” Alternate translation: “how splendid you were” or “how majestic you were”
27:11 hyb6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Arvad … Helek … Gammad 0 These are the names of places.
27:11 m439 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns They completed your beauty 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **beauty**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “beautiful.” Alternate translation: “They finished making you beautiful” or “They made you perfectly beautiful”
27:15 byb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Rhodes 0 This is the name of a place.
27:15 kwz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Merchandise was in your hand 0 Having things in the hands here is probably a metaphor for carrying those things or having them in their possession. Alternate translation: “You owned things that you sold to them”
27:16 m6pt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Aram was a dealer 0 Here “Aram” refers to the people of Aram. Alternate translation: “The people of Aram were dealers”
27:16 bmk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj purple 0 Here purple cloth or yarn is referred to by just its color. Alternate translation: “purple cloth” or “purple yarn”
27:17 gp5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Judah and the land of Israel were trading with you 0 Here “Judah and the land of Israel” refers to the people of those places. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah and Israel were trading with you”
27:17 f7fy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Minnith 0 This is the name of a place.
27:19 z471 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Dan … Javan … Izal 0 These are names of places.
27:19 c7yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Dan and Javan 0 This is a metonym for the people of Dan and Javan. Alternate translation: “The people of Dan and Javan”
27:19 sf4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown cinnamon 0 This is a type of spice that comes from the bark of a tree. “Cassia” is another name for this spice.
27:19 m7yg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown calamus 0 a type of grass that people used as perfume and for medicine
27:20 jt9g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Dedan was 0 This is a metonym for the people of Dedan. Alternate translation: “The people of Dedan were”
27:21 cen5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Arabia … Kedar 0 These are names of places.
27:21 pe5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Arabia 0 This is a metonym for the people of Arabia. Alternate translation: “The people of Arabia” or “The Arabians”
27:23 p6qs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Haran, Kanneh, and Eden were traders with you, along with Sheba, Ashur, and Kilmad 0 This refers to the people from these places. Alternate translation: “The people of Haran, Kanneh, and Eden were traders with you, along with the people of Sheba, Ashur, and Kilmad”
27:23 ad7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Haran … Kanneh … Eden … Sheba … Ashur … Kilmad 0 These are the names of places.
27:24 u2us Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre.
27:24 neq7 These were your dealers 0 Alternate translation: “They traded with you”
27:24 e7b1 ornate robes of violet cloths with woven colors 0 Alternate translation: “purple robes with many different colors”
27:24 kbt9 blankets of multicolored, embroidered, and well-woven cloth 0 Alternate translation: “blankets with many colors that had designs and were of high quality”
27:25 g238 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The ships of Tarshish were the transporters of your merchandise 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The ships of Tarshish carried your merchandise”
27:25 i67z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you were filled up, heavily laden with cargo 0 Tyre’s abundance is spoken of as if it was a ship that was full of cargo.
27:26 t2gs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 # General Information:\n\nThe words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to Tyre. The city of Tyre is described here and in the following verses as if it were a wrecked ship.
27:27 v5jc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns on the day of your destruction 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” Alternate translation: “at the time you are destroyed”
27:28 vb1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship.
27:28 zz11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Cities at the sea will tremble 0 Here “Cities at the sea” represents the people in those cities. Alternate translation: “The people of the cities by the sea will tremble”
27:30 ja2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction they will cast dust up on their heads. They will roll about in ashes 0 These are expressions of grieving and mourning.
27:31 y422 0 # General Information:\n\nThe word “they” in these verses refer to the people mentioned in verses 28 and 29. The words “you” and “your” refer to Tyre.
27:31 v5hn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship.
27:31 l2lh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction They will shave their heads bald for you and bind themselves with sackcloth 0 These are expressions of grieving and mourning.
27:32 f54l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns They will lift up their wails of lamentation 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **lamentation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “lament.” Alternate translation: “They will cry out and lament”
27:32 d8za rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who is like Tyre, who has now been brought to silence in the middle of the sea? 0 This question expects a negative answer and emphasizes Tyre being different from all other cities. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “No other city is like Tyre, who has now been brought to silence in the middle of the sea.”
27:32 f4lr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who has now been brought to silence 0 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “who its enemies have now silenced”
27:33 i7dx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive When your merchandise went ashore 0 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “When people brought your merchandise ashore”
27:34 fi4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to Tyre. The city of Tyre continues to be described as if it were a wrecked ship.
27:34 r7k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive when you were shattered by the seas, by deep waters 0 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “when the seas, the deep waters, shattered you”
27:35 c2nm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns their kings shuddered in horror 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **horror**, you can express the same idea with an adverb such as “fearfully.” Alternate translation: “their kings shuddered fearfully”
27:35 l348 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Their faces trembled 0 Here “faces” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “They appear to be trembling”
27:36 vh13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction hiss at you 0 Hissing was making a whistling sound through the teeth. It may have been out of dismay, grief, or surprise.
27:36 wj8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns you have become a horror 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **horror**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “dreadful.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have become dreadful”
28:intro b1j6 0 # Ezekiel 28 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe prophecy against Tyre concludes in this chapter. Tyre will be destroyed because of its pride and unfair business practices. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
28:1 g4fl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
28:2 c7sq Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
28:2 gi4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Your heart is arrogant 0 Here “heart” represents the will or thoughts of the ruler of Tyre. Alternate translation: “You are arrogant”
28:2 zqk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will sit in the seat of the gods 0 “I will sit on the throne of the gods.” Here sitting in the seat of the gods represents claiming to be in the same exalted position as if he were one of the gods.
28:2 b648 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you make your heart like the heart of a god 0 Here “heart” represents the mind or thinking. A god thinks of himself as better than people. Alternate translation: “you think that you have the mind of a god” or “you have allowed yourself to think that you are better than other people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
28:3 xy88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile you think that you are wiser than Daniel 0 Here the ruler of Tyre compares himself to Daniel the prophet in how wise he thought he was.
28:4 fgz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns You have made yourself wealthy with wisdom and skill 0 The abstract nouns “wisdom” and “skill” can be translated using the adjectives “wise” and “skillful.” Alternate translation: “You have become wealthy by your own wisdom and skill” or “You have become wealthy by being wise and skillful” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28:5 s7hz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns By great wisdom and by your trading, you have multiplied your wealth, so your heart is arrogant because of your wealth 0 The abstract nouns “wisdom” and “wealth” can be translated using the adjectives “wise” and “wealthy.” Alternate translation: “By being very wise and by your trading, you have become more and more wealthy, so your heart is arrogant because of how wealthy you are”
28:5 z3cd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your heart is arrogant 0 Here “heart” represents the will or thoughts of the ruler of Tyre. Alternate translation: “you are arrogant”
28:6 kas1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you have made your heart like the heart of a god 0 Here “heart” represents the mind or thinking. A god thinks of himself as better than people. See how you translated the similar phrase in [Ezekiel 28:2](../28/02.md). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
28:7 nrp5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the beauty of your wisdom 0 The abstract nouns “beauty” and “wisdom” can be translated using the adjective “beautiful” and the adverb “wisely.” Alternate translation: “the beautiful things that you have so wisely made”
28:7 b7md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns profane your splendor 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **splendor**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “splendid.” Alternate translation: “profane how splendid you are” or “defile how majestic you are”
28:8 w6fj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy down to the pit 0 Here “the pit” refers to the grave or to hell. Alternate translation: “down to the grave”
28:9 d3z2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you truly say, “I am a god” to the face of one who kills you? 0 This question expects a negative answer to emphasize the irony when one who claims to be a god is destroyed by men. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not say ‘I am a god’ to the face of one who kills you!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
28:9 a38a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche to the face of 0 Here the face represents being in the presence of another person. Alternate translation: “in the presence of” or “before”
28:9 a1vr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in the hand of 0 Here being in the hand of someone represents being under their control. Alternate translation: “under the control of”
28:10 z2rh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy by the hand of foreigners 0 Here “hand” is a metonym for the actions of the foreigners’ army. Alternate translation: “by an army of foreigners”
28:10 aag6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
28:11 t3he rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came again to me, saying, 0 The idiom “The word of Yahweh came again to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated similar words in [Ezekiel 18:1](../18/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to me a second time. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this second message to me:”
28:12 ak3z Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
28:12 i9b8 lift up 0 Alternate translation: “sing”
28:12 mf2x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns You were the model of perfection 0 The abstract nouns “model” an d “perfection” can be translated using the words “completely” and “perfect.” Alternate translation: “You were completely perfect”
28:12 c7vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns full of wisdom and perfect in beauty 0 The abstract nouns “wisdom” and “beauty” can be translated using the adjectives “wise” and “beautiful.” Alternate translation: “fully wise and perfectly beautiful”
28:13 u7pz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ruby, topaz, emerald, chrysolite, onyx, jasper, sapphire, turquoise, and beryl 0 These are all precious stones of different colors.
28:13 mah3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive It was on the day you were created that they were prepared 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I prepared them on the day that I created you”
28:14 hjx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the fiery stones 0 “the stones of fire.” This could mean: (1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [Ezekiel 28:13](../28/13.md) or (2) other fiery stones on the “holy mountain of God”
28:15 fa3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive from the day you were created until injustice was found within you 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “since the day that I created you until I found injustice within you”
28:16 b582 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you were filled with violence 0 Yahweh speaks of the king of Tyre as if he were a container that was filled up with violence. The king is a synecdoche for himself and his people If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **violence**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “violent.” Alternate translation: “you and your people became completely violent” or “you and your peoplewere completely violent” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28:16 gp4k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the fiery stones 0 “the stones of fire.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 28:14](../28/14.md). This could mean: (1) a metaphor for the colorful and bright stones mentioned in [Ezekiel 28:13](./13.md) or (2) other fiery stones on the “holy mountain of God.”
28:17 s2ql rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Your heart was arrogant 0 Here the “heart” represents the whole person, emphasizing the person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “You were arrogant”
28:17 mxj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Your heart was arrogant with your beauty; you ruined your wisdom because of your splendor 0 The abstract nouns “beauty,” wisdom” and “splendor” can be translated using the adjectives “beautiful,” “wise” and “splendid.” Alternate translation: “Your heart was arrogant because you were beautiful; you became unwise because you were so splendid”
28:18 abf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom it will consume you 0 “it will devour you.” The fire is spoken of here as if it was eating him up. Alternate translation: “it will burn you up”
28:18 iv3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom turn you into ashes 0 This idiom means burning up until only ashes are left. Alternate translation: “burn you up to ashes” or “burn you up completely”
28:20 en7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
28:21 ak8t Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
28:21 b4a7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction set your face against Sidon 0 Sidon was far away, so Ezekiel could not see it, but staring in that direction would be a symbol of harming the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/02.md). Alternate translation: “Turn toward Sidon and stare” or “stare toward Sidon so that the people there will be harmed”
28:22 a4g5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive I will be glorified in your midst 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will reveal my glory among you”
28:22 tv4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
28:22 pmu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns when I execute justice within you 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “when I judge you”
28:22 n4vt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive I will be shown to be holy in you 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will use you to show you that I am holy”
28:23 iqf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor blood in your streets 0 Here “blood” refers to the blood of the people of Sidon and represents those whom their enemies would kill.
28:23 j727 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the slain will fall 0 Here “the slain” means the people of Sidon whom their enemies would kill. Alternate translation: “the slain people will fall”
28:23 w5pj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy When the sword comes against you 0 Here “sword” is a metonym for an attacking enemy army. Alternate translation: “When enemy armies attack you”
28:24 g3zp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor pricking briars and painful thorns for the house of Israel from all those around her who despise her people 0 Here the briars and thorns represent what would cause suffering and pain. Alternate translation: “people anywhere around the house of Israel who wound them like briars, hurt them like thorns, and despise them”
28:24 me5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
28:25 m69d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
28:25 g4tq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive among whom they were scattered 0 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “among whom I scattered them”
28:25 n75q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my servant Jacob 0 Here “Jacob” represents the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “the descendants of my servant Jacob”
28:26 cn86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns when I execute justice on all 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “when I judge all”
29:intro qm8t 0 # Ezekiel 29 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a prophecy against Egypt and its king, Pharaoh. Because Egypt did not fulfill its promise of protecting Judah, it will be conquered by Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
29:1 nk1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal In the tenth year 0 It can be stated clearly that this was the tenth year of Jehoiachin’s exile. Alternate translation: “In the tenth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
29:1 h48u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths in the tenth month on the twelfth day of the month 0 “on the twelfth day of the tenth month.” This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twelfth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
29:1 kjl4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
29:2 xr1u Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
29:2 ere5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction set your face against Pharaoh 0 This is a command to stare at Pharaoh as a symbol of punishing him and his people. Pharaoh was far away, so Ezekiel could not see him, but staring in his direction would be a symbol of harming him and his people. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/02.md). Alternate translation: “turn toward Pharaoh and stare” or “stare toward Pharaoh so that he and his people will be harmed”
29:2 tbn7 prophesy against him and against all of Egypt 0 Alternate translation: “tell the terrible things that will happen to him and everyone in Egypt”
29:3 au6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage the great sea monster 0 “the huge creature that lives in the water.” Yahweh calls Pharaoh a monster that lives in the water. The monster is probably a crocodile.
29:5 ks6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you will not be gathered nor lifted up 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The implication is that they would die in the wilderness. Alternate translation: “no one will gather you or pick you up” or “no one will gather your bodies and bury you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
29:6 csp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
29:6 kq2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they have been a reed stalk 0 The word “they” refers to the inhabitants of Egypt. A reed stalk is unreliable because it is easily broken. Yahweh speaks of them as a reed stalk because the people of Israel relied on the Egyptians to help them in war, but the Egyptians did not help them. Alternate translation: “they have been as unreliable as a reed stalk”
29:6 n6x3 reed 0 a plant that grows near water and looks like very large grass
29:6 z2bz stalk 0 the part of a reed that is long and like a thick stick. People can use them like sticks, but the stalks of reeds are not as strong as wood and can break suddenly.
29:7 nez2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor When they took hold of you in their hand 0 God speaks of Israel relying on Egypt as if they were taking hold of a reed stalk in order to use it as a crutch. Alternate translation: “When they relied on you”
29:7 xp6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you caused their legs to be unsteady 0 Because Egypt did not help the Israelites, the Israelites could not defend themselves against their enemy, the Babylonians. God speaks of the Israelites being unable to defend themselves as if their legs were unsteady. Alternate translation: “you caused them to be like people whose legs are unsteady”
29:8 k7e5 Behold! 0 This word adds emphasis to what is said next. This is the Lord’s message to Pharaoh. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!”
29:8 s3py rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will bring a sword against you 0 Here “sword” is a metonym for battle, and “bring a sword against you” is a metaphor for causing an enemy army to come fight against Egypt. Alternate translation: “I will cause your enemies to come fight against you”
29:8 pv3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you a sword against you 0 The word “you” refers to the nation of Egypt.
29:8 uq3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will cut off both man and beast from you 0 Here “cut off man and beast” is a metaphor for destroying the people and animals. God would do this by causing the enemy army to do it.
29:10 tiq2 I am against you and against your river 0 The word “you” refers to Pharaoh. God speaks to Pharaoh as if Pharaoh were a monster in the river.
29:10 nz8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification I will give the land of Egypt over to desolation and waste 0 “I will put Egypt into the power of desolation and waste.” Desolation and waste are spoken of as if they were people who could be given power over Egypt. Alternate translation: “I will cause Egypt to become a desolate waste”
29:10 r6rs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you will become a wasteland 0 Here “you” refers to Pharaoh and represents Egypt, the country he rules over. Alternate translation: “your country will become a wasteland”
29:10 b3tw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism from the Migdol to Syene and the borders of Cush 0 This refers to all of Egypt. Where these places are can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “throughout all of Egypt, from Migdol in the north to Syene in the south and the borders of Cush further south” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
29:10 va76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Migdol 0 This is the name of a place in the far northern part of Egypt.
29:10 lb1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Syene 0 This the name of a town in southern Egypt. It is now called Aswan.
29:10 vn8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the borders of Cush 0 These borders of Cush were south of Syene. Some versions say Sudan or Ethiopia, the modern names of countries south of Egypt.
29:11 dk5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche No man’s foot will pass through it 0 Here “man’s foot” represents people. Alternate translation: “No man will walk through the land of Egypt”
29:11 x4yx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche no wild animal’s foot will pass through it 0 Here “animal’s foot” represents animals. Alternate translation: “not even a wild animal will walk through it”
29:12 b86m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns For I will make the land of Egypt a desolation 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “desolate.” Alternate translation: “For I will make the land of Egypt desolate”
29:12 ef3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will scatter Egypt among the nations 0 Here “Egypt” represents the people of Egypt, and “scatter” represents causing them to move to other places. Alternate translation: “I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations” or “I will make the people of Egypt go and live among the nations” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
29:13 kwt6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will gather Egypt 0 Here “Egypt” is a metonym for the people of Egypt, and “gather” is a metaphor for causing them to return to Egypt. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Egypt to return to Egypt” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
29:13 k5h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive among whom they were scattered 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “among whom I scattered them”
29:14 ae9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will restore the fortunes of Egypt 0 The phrase “fortunes of Egypt” is a metaphor for the people of Egypt who had been taken away to other countries. Alternate translation: “I will bring back the people of Egypt”
29:14 c3md rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the region of Pathros 0 the southern part of Egypt between the Delta and the land of Cush. This is also called Upper Egypt.
29:14 ug87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a lowly kingdom 0 Here “lowly” represents unimportant. Alternate translation: “an unimportant kingdom”
29:15 bd7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the lowliest of the kingdoms 0 Here “lowliest” represents least important. Alternate translation: “the least important of the kingdoms”
29:15 ff4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor it will not be lifted up any more among the nations 0 Here “be lifted up” represents becoming important. Alternate translation: “it will not become important again among the nations”
29:15 grg4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will diminish them 0 “I will make them small.” Here “diminish them” represents making Egypt weak or unimportant.
29:16 p8ei rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns The Egyptians will no longer be a reason for confidence for the house of Israel 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **confidence**, you can express the same idea with the verbs “trust” or “rely on.” Alternate translation: “The house of Israel will no longer trust in the Egyptians” or “The house of Israel will no longer rely on the Egyptians”
29:16 r6x6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 Here “house” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” or “the nation of Israel”
29:16 e48h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they will be a reminder of the iniquity that Israel committed 0 How Egypt would be a reminder can be stated clearly. The abstract nouns “reminder” and “iniquity” can be expressed with the verbs “remember” and “sin.” Alternate translation: “when Israel sees what I do to Egypt, Israel will remember how Israel sinned” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
29:16 mh8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy when they turned to Egypt for help 0 Here “turn … for help” is a metonym for “ask … for help.” Alternate translation: “whenever they asked Egypt to help them”
29:17 ch2l it came about 0 This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
29:17 gqc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal in the twenty-seventh year 0 This was after King Jehoiachin and the people of Judah were taken as exiles to Babylon. Alternate translation: “in the twenty-seventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
29:17 wl2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths on the first of the first month 0 “on the first day of the first month.” This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the beginning of April. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
29:17 awb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
29:18 t2q3 Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
29:18 l44j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to do hard work against Tyre 0 The kind of hard work they did can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “to work hard at attacking Tyre”
29:18 u4f4 Every head was rubbed until it was made bald 0 Either their helmets or the heavy things they carried on their heads rubbed the hair off their heads.
29:18 c9ej every shoulder was made raw 0 Either their armor or the heavy things they carried on their shoulders rubbed the skin off their shoulders. Alternate translation: “every shoulder was rubbed raw” or “every shoulder was rubbed bare”
29:18 f8rl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he and his army received no payment from Tyre 0 Here “payment” represents the valuable things that Nebuchadnezzar’s army would steal from Tyre as a reward for defeating it. God speaks of these things as if they were what God would pay them for working for him. Alternate translation: “he and his army did not get any valuable things from Tyre as reward”
29:19 kl6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am giving the land of Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon 0 Yahweh speaks of causing the army of Babylon to defeat Egypt as if God were giving Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: “I will cause the army of Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, to defeat Egypt”
29:19 vlc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor that will be his army’s wages 0 God speaks of these things that Nebuchadnezzar’s army would take as if they were what God would pay them for working for him. Alternate translation: “his army will receive those things as if they were payment”
29:20 g36f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
29:21 i2nc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will make a horn sprout up for the house of Israel 0 An animal horn represents the animal’s strength, so horn is a metonym for strength. God speaks of making Israel strong as if Israel were an animal, and he were to cause its horn to grow. Alternate translation: “I will make the people of Israel strong” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
29:21 uf1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. Here it refers to the people of Israel, the descendants of Jacob whom God called Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” or “the nation of Israel”
29:21 hj6u speak in their midst 0 Alternate translation: “speak to them”
30:intro pp8x 0 # Ezekiel 30 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe prophecy against Egypt and its king continues in this chapter. Babylon will destroy all the towns of Egypt and their allies will not be able to help them. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
30:1 fl7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
30:2 v8k8 Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
30:2 z93b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations Woe is the coming day 0 This exclamation expresses the fear that people would feel about a certain day when terrible and frightening things will happen. Alternate translation: “Oh that day” or “Oh, what a frightening day is coming”
30:3 mf3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The day is near for Yahweh 0 It is implied that on that day, Yahweh will punish people. Alternate translation: “It will soon be the day when Yahweh will punish you”
30:3 aq8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a day of clouds 0 Dark storm clouds represent danger and fear. Alternate translation: “It will be like a day with dark clouds” or “It will be frightening like a day with dark clouds”
30:3 w6vn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns a time of doom for nations 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **doom**, you can express the same idea with the phrase “terrible things will happen.” Alternate translation: “a time when terrible things will happen to the nations”
30:4 gs25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Then a sword will come against Egypt 0 The word “sword” here represents war or an army that attacks. Alternate translation: “There will be war against Egypt” or “An enemy army will attack Egypt”
30:4 d6ih rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns there will be anguish in Cush 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anguish**, you can express the same idea in terms of how the people feel. Alternate translation: “the people of Cush will be very sad” or “the people of Cush will suffer”
30:4 j6k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive when her foundations are ruined 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the attackers destroy the foundations of the buildings in Egypt”
30:5 kb1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Cush and Put, Lydia and all Arabia, and Libya 0 These names refer to the people of these countries. Alternate translation: “The people of Cush and Put, Libya, and all Arabia, and Lydia”
30:5 c3n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Libya 0 Libya is a country west of Egypt.
30:5 xzs8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy will all fall by the sword 0 Here the sword represents battle. Alternate translation: “will all die in battle” or “will all die in the war”
30:5 p9mu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole will all fall by the sword 0 The word “all” here is a generalization. It means that many people will die.
30:6 hiz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the pride of her strength will go down 0 This represents Egypt no longer being proud of their strength. The reason that they will not be proud is that they will no longer be strong. Alternate translation: “Egypt will no longer be proud about being strong” or “Egypt will no longer have the strength that they were so proud of” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
30:6 a5nq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism From Migdol to Syene 0 Ezekiel names towns on the borders of Egypt in order to refer to all of Egypt. Alternate translation: “In all of Egypt” or “From the northern border of Egypt to the southern border of Egypt”
30:6 jsk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
30:7 tr5v They will be appalled in the midst of the abandoned lands 0 Alternate translation: “The soldiers of the allies of Egypt will be appalled when they are left surrounded by nothing but abandoned lands”
30:7 gsq4 in the midst of 0 Alternate translation: “among” or “surrounded by”
30:7 rud4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor their cities will be among all the ruined cities 0 Being “among” the ruined cities represents being ruined like the ruined cities of other countries. Alternate translation: “their cities will be ruined like the cities of other countries”
30:8 lss3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they will know that I am Yahweh 0 Yahweh is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated as similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “they will understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “they will realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
30:8 m7q3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy when I set fire in Egypt 0 Here “set fire in Egypt” represents sending an army to attack Egypt and set fires. Alternate translation: “when I send an army to burn Egypt with fire”
30:8 fe2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive all of her helpers are destroyed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I destroy all of the allies of Egypt” or “when armies destroy all of those who help Egypt”
30:9 tb3u messengers will go out from before me in ships to terrorize a secure Cush 0 Messengers will bring the news of Egypt’s destruction to Cush, who will be frightened by the news.
30:9 j3s7 to terrorize a secure Cush 0 Alternate translation: “in order to frighten Cush, who now feels safe from danger”
30:9 q7r7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns there will be anguish among them on the day of Egypt’s doom 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas behind the words **anguish** and **doom**, you can express the same ideas with the words “suffer” and “punish.” Alternate translation: “the people of Cush will also suffer when I punish Egypt”
30:9 s8gg behold! 0 The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. It can also be translated as “indeed!”
30:9 i4r1 It is coming 0 “It” refers to the “great pain” or “great sorrow” that Cush will have when they are punished along with Egypt.
30:10 x5ln The Lord Yahweh says this 0 The word “this” refers to what follows. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md).
30:10 n8sq I will make an end of the multitudes of Egypt 0 Alternate translation: “I will make it so that Egypt will no longer have many people.”
30:10 m1i8 by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar 0 Here “the hand” represents Nebuchadnezzar’s military power. Nebuchadnezzar will be the one who brings this punishment about.
30:11 wyx4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive He and his army with him … will be brought to destroy the land 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will bring Nebuchadnezzar and his army … to destroy the land”
30:11 ysz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive He and his army … will be brought to destroy the land 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will cause him and his army … to go destroy the land of Egypt”
30:11 c3dg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns He and his army with him, the terror of nations 0 Yahweh calls Nebuchadnezzar “the terror of the nations” because all of the nations are greatly afraid of his army. Alternate translation: “He and his army with him, the one who terrifies many nations”
30:11 qe7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy they will draw out their swords against Egypt 0 Here “draw out their swords” represents fighting with their swords. Alternate translation: “they will use their swords and fight against Egypt”
30:11 z8nw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole fill the land with those who have been killed 0 This is an exaggeration to show that the Babylonians will kill very many Egyptians. There will be so many dead Egyptians that it will seem that their dead bodies cover all of the land of Egypt. Alternate translation: “kill so many people that it will seem like dead bodies are everywhere”
30:12 uwr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will sell the land into the hand of wicked men 0 Yahweh will give the Babylonians control over Egypt just as a person who sells something gives the one who buys it control over that thing. Alternate translation: “I will give control of the land to wicked men”
30:13 p91i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will put terror on the land of Egypt 0 Here “put terror on the land” represents causing the people of the land to be very afraid. Alternate translation: “I will make the people of Egypt very afraid”
30:14 ewv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I will execute acts of judgment on Thebes 0 The phrase “acts of judgment” refers to punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish Thebes”
30:15 dgd8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For I will pour out my fury on Pelusium 0 Here “pour out my fury” represents punishing the people because of his great anger. Alternate translation: “For I will act in great anger against Pelusium” or “Because I am so angry, I will punish Pelusium severely”
30:15 ki5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Pelusium 0 Pelusium is the name of a fortress in northern Egypt.
30:15 qu8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor cut off the multitude of Thebes 0 Here “cut off” represents killing the people. Alternate translation: “kill the very large number of people in Thebes”
30:16 vd15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Then I will set fire in Egypt 0 Here “set fire” is an idiom meaning “start a fire.” Alternate translation: “I will start a fire in Egypt”
30:16 i9pg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Pelusium will be in great agony 0 Here “Pelusium” is a metonym for the people of the city near Pelusium, and “be in great agony” can be translated with the verb “suffer.” Alternate translation: “The people of Pelusium will suffer terribly” or “The people of Pelusium will feel terrible pain” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
30:16 dqz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Thebes will be broken up 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “enemies will break up the walls and buildings in Thebes” or “enemies will destroy the Thebes”
30:16 e499 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Memphis will face enemies every day 0 Here “face enemies” represents seeing or having enemies. The name of the city is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “The people of Memphis will have enemies every day” or “Enemies will fight against the people of Memphis every day”
30:17 ax38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Heliopolis and Bubastis 0 These were cities in northern Egypt.
30:17 s7a4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy will fall by the sword 0 The word “sword” is used here to refer to a battle or war. Alternate translation: “will die in battle” or “will die in the war”
30:17 ht2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy their cities will go into captivity 0 Here “cities” represents the people of the cities. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **captivity**, you can express the same idea the more concrete noun “captive” or the verb “capture” Alternate translation: “the people of their cities will become captives” or “their enemies will capture their people and take them away”
30:18 mtp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the day will hold back its light 0 The day is spoken of as if it were able to keep its own light from shining. Alternate translation: “the day will be dark”
30:18 pwv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor when I break the yoke of Egypt there 0 The word “yoke” here refers to Egypt’s power to oppress people. Alternate translation: “when I stop Egypt from oppressing people” or “when I end Egypt’s power to cruelly control other nations”
30:18 e5mh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the pride of her strength will be finished 0 This represents Egypt no longer being proud of their strength. The reason that they will not be proud is that they will no longer be strong. Alternate translation: “Egypt will no longer be proud about being strong” or “Egypt will no longer have the strength that they were so proud of” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
30:18 ylq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor There will be a cloud covering her 0 This could mean: (1) the dark cloud represents how sad the people of Egypt will feel. Alternate translation: “It will be as if there is a cloud over Egypt” or (2) there will be a cloud of dust over Egypt from everything that is destroyed. Alternate translation: “A cloud of dust will be over Egypt”
30:19 hci1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I will execute acts of judgment in Egypt 0 The phrase “acts of judgment” refers to punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish Egypt in many ways”
30:20 v536 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables 0 # General Information:\n\nGod speaks of making Pharaoh’s army weak as if he were to break Pharaoh’s arm, and of the army not being able to become strong again as if Pharaoh’s arm could not be healed.
30:20 x8fn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent Then it came about 0 This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
30:20 tl8c in the eleventh year 0 This is the eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 26:1](../26/01.md).
30:20 gy39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths in the first month, in the seventh day of the month 0 “in the seventh day of the first month.” This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The seventh day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
30:20 n3p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
30:21 qjk8 Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
30:21 b22i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables I have broken the arm of Pharaoh 0 Here “arm” represents the powerful army of a king. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
30:21 ts3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive It has not been bound up 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one has bound up his arm” or “No one has wrapped up his arm”
30:21 m4v7 or set to heal with a bandage 0 Here “set to heal with a bandage” refers to the arm being wrapped tightly in a bandage so that the parts of the bone will stay together and heal.
30:22 s55y the Lord Yahweh says this 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:11](../03/11.md).
30:22 ywd2 both the strong one and the broken one 0 Alternate translation: “both the arm that is healthy and the arm that is already broken”
30:22 ch9f I will make the sword fall from his hand 0 Alternate translation: “I will knock the sword out of Pharaoh’s hand”
30:23 tf9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them among the lands 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated similar phrases in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/15.md).
30:25 rjv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy For I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon 0 Here “arms” are a metonym for the army. Alternate translation: “I will make the army of the king of Babylon strong”
30:25 wjm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy while Pharaoh’s arms will fall 0 Here “Pharaoh’s arms” is a metonym for his army, and “will fall” represents being weak. Alternate translation: “but Pharaoh’s army will be unable to defeat enemies”
30:26 mv68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them through the lands 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated similar phrases in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/15.md).
31:intro chn5 0 # Ezekiel 31 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe prophecy against Egypt and its king continues in this chapter. God told Egypt to remember what happened to Assyria when it became proud. This same things will now happen to Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
31:1 db1f it came about 0 This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
31:1 t3pb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal in the eleventh year 0 “in year 11.” This means the eleventh year after King Jehoiachin was taken into exile in Babylon. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 26:1](../26/01.md). Alternate translation: “in the eleventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
31:1 ghs3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths in the third month, on the first day of the month 0 “on the first day of the third month.” This is the third month of the Hebrew calendar. This first day is near the beginning of June on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
31:1 kcs5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
31:2 b3zm Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
31:2 d4m7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion In your greatness, who are you like? 0 “Who is as great as you are?” Yahweh uses this question to introduce a new topic. Pharaoh thought that his nation was the greatest, but God is about to talk about another great nation. Alternate translation: “You think that there is no country whose power is as great as the power of your country.”
31:3 x6wc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables 0 # General Information:\n\nThese are God’s words to Pharaoh about Assyria. God gives his message in the form of a parable about a great cedar tree.
31:3 a5an rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables Assyria was a cedar 0 In this parable, God speaks about Assyria as if it were a great tree to emphasize how great and powerful the Assyrians were. This parable continues until 31:9. Alternate translation: “Assyria was like a cedar”
31:3 dm9d the branches formed its treetop 0 Some versions of the Bible translate this as “the top of the tree was in the clouds.” Alternate translation: “its top was above the branches of the other trees”
31:4 hgu1 Many waters made it tall 0 Alternate translation: “Because the cedar had a lot of water, it grew very tall”
31:4 g9yr the deep waters made it huge 0 Alternate translation: “the water deep in the ground made the cedar grow very big”
31:4 we7t for their channels stretched out to all the trees in the field 0 Alternate translation: “and streams flowed from the rivers to all the trees of the field”
31:5 i2i5 Its great height was more than any of the other trees in the field 0 Alternate translation: “The cedar was taller than any of the other trees of the field”
31:5 a33e its branches became very many 0 Alternate translation: “it grew very many branches”
31:5 vt63 because of many waters as they grew 0 Alternate translation: “because it had a lot of water”
31:6 p46h Every bird of the heavens nested in its branches 0 Alternate translation: “All kinds of birds that fly in the sky made nests in its branches”
31:6 xq9w while every living thing of the field gave birth to its young under its foliage 0 Alternate translation: “and all of the creatures that live in the field gave birth under the cedar’s branches”
31:6 v3e6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy All of the many nations lived under its shade 0 “All of the great nations lived in the shade of that tree.” Here “nations” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people from all the nations lived in the shade of that tree”
31:7 at82 it was beautiful in its greatness and the length of its branches 0 Alternate translation: “It was beautiful because it was very big and its branches were very long”
31:8 lcc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Cedars in the garden of God could not equal it 0 Since these were God’s words to Pharaoh, it can also be translated with the first person. Alternate translation: “The cedar trees in my garden were not as great as that tree”
31:8 hf16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit None among the cypress trees matched its branches 0 Yahweh was comparing how many branches the trees had. Alternate translation: “None of the cypress trees had as many branches as the cedar”
31:8 ftl7 cypress trees 0 Cypress trees have very many branches. They can grow very tall. See how you translated “cypress” in [Ezekiel 27:5](../27/05.md).
31:8 x9pl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the plane tree could not equal its boughs 0 It was implied Yahweh was comparing the long branches of the cedar tree with the long branches of the plane tree. Alternate translation: “the plane tree did not have branches like the cedar tree” or “no plane tree had branches as long as the branches of the cedar tree”
31:8 w3nx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown plane tree 0 A plane tree was a large, leafy tree with strong branches. It is similar to a sycamore tree.
31:10 faz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Therefore the Lord Yahweh says this 0 Since Yahweh is speaking this can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “Therefore, this is what I, Yahweh the Lord, say”
31:10 k9ew it set its treetop between its branches 0 Some versions of the Bible translate this as “the top of the tree was in the clouds.” Alternate translation: “its top was above the branches of the other trees”
31:11 px3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I have given it into the hand of a mighty one of the nations 0 The word “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “I put it in the power of the strongest nation” or “I gave the strongest nation power over it”
31:12 m12k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns who were the terror of all the nations 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “afraid.” And here “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “who made the people of all the nations afraid” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
31:12 cu9y cut it off 0 Alternate translation: “cut the cedar down”
31:12 jjb9 its boughs lay broken 0 Alternate translation: “the foreigners broke the boughs of the cedar”
31:12 q3v2 boughs 0 Boughs are very large branches that grow on trees. Usually, many smaller branches grow on the boughs.
31:12 nb2r came out from under its shade 0 Alternate translation: “left the shade of the cedar”
31:13 if23 All the birds of the sky 0 Alternate translation: “All the birds that fly in the sky”
31:13 yn66 rested on the trunk of the fallen tree 0 Alternate translation: “rested on the remains of the cedar”
31:13 a9ul trunk 0 The trunk is a very thick part of the tree that comes out of the ground and holds up the rest of the tree.
31:13 uf9q every animal of the field came to its branches 0 Alternate translation: “the wild animals lived in the branches of the cedar”
31:14 gp3y that no other trees that grow by the waters 0 Alternate translation: “that no other trees that get a lot of water”
31:14 m4jh will lift up their foliage to the height of the tallest trees 0 Some Bibles translate this as “will set their tops among the clouds.” Alternate translation: “will grow taller than the branches of other trees”
31:14 wzz1 that no other trees that grow beside the waters will reach up to that height 0 Alternate translation: “that no other trees that get a lot of water will ever grow that tall again”
31:14 s7d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive All of them have been assigned to death, to the earth below 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **death**, you can express the same idea with the verb “die.” Alternate translation: “For I made it so that they all will die and go deep under the ground” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
31:14 atm7 among the children of humanity, with those that go down to the pit 0 Alternate translation: “to be with those people who have died and gone down to the grave”
31:14 ne1g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the pit 0 This refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 26:20](../26/20.md).
31:15 qq6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom On the day when the cedar went down to Sheol 0 The phrase “went down to Sheol” means “died.” Alternate translation: “On the day that the cedar died” or “On the day that the cedar was chopped down”
31:15 ry34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I brought mourning to the earth 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **mourning**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I caused the earth to mourn”
31:15 xaz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I covered the deep waters over it 0 The word “covered” possibly refers to putting on clothes for mourning. Alternate translation: “I made the water from the springs mourn for the cedar” or “it was as though the springs that watered it mourned for it”
31:15 hv86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I brought mourning to Lebanon for him 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **mourning**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I made Lebanon mourn for the cedar”
31:16 i84r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom when I threw it down to Sheol with those who went down into the pit 0 Here “threw it down to Sheol” is an idiom that means to kill. “The pit” refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:14](../31/14.md). Alternate translation: “when I killed the cedar and it went to Sheol with everyone else that is dead” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
31:16 cc1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom in the lowest parts of the earth 0 “that were already deep down in the ground.” This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that had already died and are now in Sheol”
31:16 fpl1 the choicest and best trees of Lebanon; the trees that drank the waters 0 “the best trees of Lebanon that everyone would want; trees that got a lot of water.” This is describing the trees of Eden that were in the lowest parts of the earth.
31:16 c1t9 the choicest 0 This is something that everyone would want because it is very good.
31:17 nmq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom they also went down with it to Sheol 0 Here “went down … to Sheol” is an idiom that means to die. Alternate translation: “those trees of Lebanon also died and went down to Sheol with the cedar”
31:17 pk4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who had been killed by the sword 0 Here “sword” represents enemies who fought them in battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom enemies had killed with swords” or “who had died in battle” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
31:17 j8k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy These were its strong arm 0 “These trees of Lebanon were its strong arm.” The phrase “strong arm” represents “power.” Alternate translation: “These trees of Lebanon were the power of the cedar” or “These trees strengthened the cedar”
31:18 uk5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Which of the trees in Eden was your equal in glory and greatness? 0 “Which of these trees in Eden had as much glory as you and was as great as you?” God asks Pharaoh this question to show him that the parable applies to him and his country. It can start with “So Pharaoh” or “So Egypt.” Alternate translation: “None of the trees in Eden was your equal in glory and greatness!”
31:18 el53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive For you will be brought down 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “For I will bring you down”
31:18 m3da rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
32:intro vpr6 0 # Ezekiel 32 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe prophecy against Egypt and its king concludes in this chapter. Egypt will have its army destroyed, just as happened to so many other nations. Beginning in verse 1, the land of Egypt is addressed through Pharaoh, its king, so God refers to Egypt as “he” and “him.” However, beginning in verse 12, Egypt is referred to as “she” and “her,” as if she were a woman. It was common in Hebrew for lands and countries to be referred to as if they were women. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
32:1 r6qy Then it happened 0 This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
32:1 esv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths in the twelfth month … on the first of the month 0 This is the twelfth and final month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the end of February. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
32:1 vh9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal of the twelfth year 0 This refers to the twelfth year of the reign of King Jehoiachin. Alternate translation: “of the twelfth year of the exile of King Jehoiachin” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
32:1 alb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
32:2 l8pu Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
32:2 w2mp You are like a young lion … like a monster in the seas 0 This could mean: (1) he thought he was like a lion, but he was really only a monster, or (2) he was like a lion and a monster.
32:2 u588 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like a young lion among the nations 0 Egypt was stronger than other nations, like lions are stronger than other animals.
32:2 v3jk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like a monster in the seas 0 Pharaoh was powerful, but he only caused trouble for others, like this monster in the water.
32:2 ih5d monster 0 A monster is an animal that is big and dangerous. This one might be a crocodile. See how you translated this word in [Ezekiel 29:3](../29/03.md).
32:3 rvm9 The Lord Yahweh says this 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:5](../05/05.md).
32:3 e8fe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor So I will spread my net over you in the assembly of many peoples 0 God’s punishment of Pharaoh is spoken of as if the king were the river monster caught in a net. Alternate translation: “So I will gather many peoples and throw my net over you”
32:4 y8ig I will abandon you in the land 0 “I will leave you helpless on the land.” The monster that was fearsome and powerful when it was in the water cannot do anything when it is left on dry land.
32:4 hw9d all the birds of the heavens 0 Alternate translation: “all the birds that fly in the sky”
32:4 vq12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the hunger of all living animals on earth will be satisfied by you 0 This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “I will let all the animals of the earth eat your body until they are hungry no longer”
32:5 a9vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit your worm-filled corpse 0 The worms help the dead body to rot. Alternate translation: “your rotting body”
32:6 jvz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the stream beds will be filled with your blood 0 This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “I will fill the streams with your blood”
32:7 fg4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor when I extinguish you 0 It was common to speak of a person’s life as if it were a lamp that could be put out. Alternate translation: “When I destroy you”
32:7 ih1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will cover the heavens 0 Yahweh speaks of making the stars dark as if he were putting a cover over the sky. Alternate translation: “I will make everything in the sky go dark”
32:8 q8bu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
32:9 t2sg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will terrify the heart of many peoples 0 Here “heart” represents the people’s emotions. Alternate translation: “I will make the hearts of many peoples afraid” or “I will cause many people to be terrified”
32:9 j9w1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor when I bring about your collapse among the nations 0 The nation of Egypt, symbolized by its king, is spoken of as if it were a building that was collapsing. Alternate translation: “when nations hear about the way I destroyed you”
32:10 nm9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy when I swing my sword 0 Here swinging a sword represents using the sword. Alternate translation: “when I use my sword”
32:10 taf8 Every moment each one will tremble because of you 0 Here “tremble” is an action that people often do when they are very afraid. Alternate translation: “Every one of them will keep shaking because of their fear”
32:10 j552 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor on the day of your downfall 0 The idea of falling down (“downfall”) represents dying. Alternate translation: “when I destroy you”
32:11 j9j7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The sword of the king of Babylon will come against you 0 Here “sword” represents an army. Alternate translation: “The army of the king of Babylon will attack you”
32:12 l2us rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns each warrior a terror of nations 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “terrifies” or “afraid.” Alternate translation: “Each warrior terrifies the nations” or “each one of them makes the nations afraid”
32:12 lft6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns will devastate the pride of Egypt 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **pride**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “proud.” Alternate translation: “will cause the Egyptians to no longer be proud”
32:12 i7f7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole destroy all of its multitudes 0 Here “all” is probably a generalization that refers to the killing of large numbers of soldiers, and perhaps other people also. Alternate translation: “kill a very large number of people who live in Egypt”
32:13 cr7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the foot of man will no longer stir the waters up 0 The foot here is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “people will no longer stir the waters up with their feet”
32:13 d8xw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hooves of cattle stir them 0 The hoof is a synecdoche for cattle. Alternate translation: “cattle stir them with their hooves”
32:14 siz7 Then I will calm their waters 0 This could mean: (1) “I will make the water calm” or (2) “I will make the water clear.” When no one stirs up the water, the dirt settles down and the water becomes clear.
32:15 p2d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive When I make the land of Egypt an abandoned place 0 This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “When I make the land of Egypt a place where no one is living”
32:15 kg8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy when I attack all the inhabitants in her 0 Here the idea of attacking represents destroying. Alternate translation: “when I destroy all who live in her”
32:15 j4jw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in her 0 It was normal in biblical language to represent countries and lands as if they were women. Alternate translation: “in it”
32:15 jpw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
32:16 lj5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor over her 0 It was normal in biblical language to represent countries and lands as if they were women. Alternate translation: “over it”
32:16 fw4s the daughters of the nations 0 This could mean: (1) “the women of other nations” or (2) “people of other nations”
32:16 y6w8 over Egypt, over all her multitudes 0 Alternate translation: “about Egypt, about all her multitudes” or “about the disaster that happened to Egypt, about the disaster that happened to all her multitudes”
32:17 hbi3 Then it happened 0 This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new message. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
32:17 mmq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in the twelfth year 0 This could mean: (1) This happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took the Israelites to Babylon or (2) this happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took Jehoiachin to Babylon.
32:17 aud7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
32:18 l4kp Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
32:18 uqn6 bring them down—her and the daughters of majestic nations 0 God is perhaps telling Ezekiel to cause this to happen by giving a prophetic command.
32:18 x2hj her 0 Once again, the land of Egypt is referred to as a woman.
32:18 dz2p the daughters of majestic nations 0 This could mean: (1) “the people of powerful nations” or (2) “other powerful nations.”
32:18 b9j9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the lowest earth 0 “to the places under the ground.” When people died, they were put in the ground. So “bring them down … to the lowest earth” means “make them die.”
32:18 rhr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the pit 0 “The pit” refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:16](../31/16.md).
32:19 b7dx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Are you really more beautiful than anyone else? Go down and lie down with the uncircumcised. 0 This is a question and command that the prophet is to ask the Egyptians. Alternate translation: “Go down and lie down with the uncircumcised. Ask them all: ‘Are you really more beautiful than anyone else?’”
32:19 a2ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Go down 0 It is implied that they must go down to Sheol. Alternate translation: “Go down to Sheol”
32:19 jc5b lie down 0 as in death. If your language has a word for dead people lying down that is different from the word for live people lying down to sleep, use it here.
32:19 t65u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are you really more beautiful than anyone else? 0 This question really makes a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not more beautiful than anyone else.”
32:20 f6rm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who were killed by the sword 0 The word “sword” is a metonym for a soldier who kills people with a sword.This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “whom enemy soldiers killed with swords” or “who died in battle” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
32:20 lfy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The sword has been drawn! 0 The word “sword” here is a metonym for war that people fight with swords. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “War has begun” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
32:20 d149 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive She has been given to the sword 0 This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “I have given Egypt to the sword”
32:22 sx45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Assyria is there with all her assembly 0 The land of Assyria is represented as a woman. Alternate translation: “The people of Assyria and all its army are there in Sheol”
32:22 sb68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all of them were killed by the sword 0 The word “sword” is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “Soldiers used swords to kill them all” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
32:23 g6yx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy are set in the recesses of the pit 0 “The pit” refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:18](../32/18.md).
32:23 bp7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive all of those who were killed, who fell by the sword 0 This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “all those whom enemies killed in battle” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
32:23 t3fw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism fell by the sword 0 The word “fell” here is a euphemism for “died.”
32:23 qc35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns those who brought terror on the land of the living 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “afraid.” Alternate translation: “those who, when they were still alive, caused people to be extremely afraid”
32:23 zb2x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the land of the living 0 This represents the people who were alive.
32:24 y3cg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Elam is there 0 Here “Elam” refers to the people of that country. Alternate translation: “The people of Elam are also there in Sheol”
32:24 p6nh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive all of them were killed 0 This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “Her enemies killed them all”
32:24 bbe7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy by the sword 0 Here “the sword” is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. Alternate translation: “in battle”
32:24 r7fm who have gone down uncircumcised 0 Alternate translation: “who were uncircumcised when they went down”
32:24 ks5k to the lowest parts of the earth 0 “to places deep down in the ground” or “to the land deep down in the ground.” See how you translated “in the lowest realms of the earth” in [Ezekiel 26:20](../26/20.md).
32:24 jtw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns who brought their terrors 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terrors**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “afraid.” See how you translated “brought terror” in [Ezekiel 32:23](../32/23.md). Alternate translation: “those who, when they were still alive, caused people to be extremely afraid”
32:24 f2v2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the land of the living 0 This represents the people who were alive. See how you translated “the land of the living” in [Ezekiel 32:23](../32/23.md).
32:24 fl6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who carry their own shame 0 Shame is spoken of as if it were an object that one could carry where he goes. Alternate translation: “who feel ashamed” or “who are now disgraced”
32:24 hj7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the pit 0 “The pit” refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:23](../32/23.md).
32:25 wxs6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They set a bedroll for Elam and all her multitudes 0 Space being made in Sheol for the dead is spoken of as if the dead were given beds to lie on. Alternate translation: “They gave beds to Elam and all its people”
32:25 b2qh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit All of them are uncircumcised 0 The Israelites did not respect people who were not circumcised.
32:25 t44i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy pierced by the sword, because 0 The word “pierced” here is a metonym for “killed.” This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “their enemies have killed them with swords because”
32:25 wm2f Elam is among all those who were killed 0 This is very similar to the first part of the verse. Alternate translation: “The dead people gave Elam a place to lie among themselves”
32:26 ev99 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about nations in Sheol.
32:26 cz8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy killed by the sword 0 Here “the sword” represents warfare. Alternate translation: “killed in battle”
32:26 f99x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns they had brought their terrors on the land of the living 0 Causing people to fear is spoken of as if it were the act of bringing an object to them. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terrors**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “they terrified everyone in the land of the living”
32:27 yw5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor their iniquities over their bones 0 The warriors’ iniquities cover their bodies, although one would expect that their shields would cover them in death.
32:27 ib2c they were the terror of warriors in the land of the living 0 Alternate translation: “while they were still alive, they made other warriors very afraid”
32:27 h3q4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in the land of the living 0 The time during which these warriors were living is spoken of as if it were a place. Alternate translation: “while they were alive”
32:28 r4lz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you … will be broken 0 “Broken” here represents “destroyed.” This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “I will destroy you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
32:28 mq69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy those who were pierced 0 The word “pierced” here is a metonym for “killed.” This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:25](../32/25.md). Alternate translation: “those whose enemies have killed them”
32:28 x2sa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy by the sword 0 This represents being in warfare. Alternate translation: “in battle”
32:29 md54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Edom is there with her kings and all her leaders 0 Here “Edom” represents all the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom are in Sheol with their kings and all their leaders”
32:29 s1gf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the pit 0 “The pit” refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:25](../32/25.md).
32:30 ay1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy had been pierced 0 The word “pierced” here is a metonym for “killed.” This can be translated in active form. See how you translated similar words in [Ezekiel 32:25](../32/25.md). Alternate translation: “whom enemies had killed with swords”
32:30 a25h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy by the sword 0 This represents being in warfare. Alternate translation: “in battle”
32:30 yq15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They carry their own shame 0 Shame is spoken of as if it were an object that one could carry where he goes. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:25](../32/25.md). Alternate translation: “who feel ashamed” or “who are now disgraced”
32:30 tss7 the pit 0 “The pit” refers to the grave; because the grave was thought to be the entrance to the world of the dead, the pit also represents that world. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:29](../32/29.md).
32:31 u77n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Pharaoh will look 0 It can be made explicit who Pharaoh will see. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh will see all the dead people from other nations”
32:31 gyv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit be comforted about all his multitudes 0 It is implied that Pharaoh will be comforted because the armies of other great kings also died. Alternate translation: “will comfort himself that he was not the only king whose entire army died” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
32:32 gpa3 I put him as my terrifying one in the land of the living 0 Alternate translation: “While Pharaoh was still alive, I made him to terrify people”
32:32 xw85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive he will be laid down in the midst of the uncircumcised 0 This can be put in active form. Alternate translation: “Others will lay him in the midst of the uncircumcised”
33:intro bez7 0 # Ezekiel 33 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Repentance\n\nGod does not want sinners to die. He wants them to repent and live. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
33:1 zsm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
33:2 ncc7 Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
33:2 u95d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a sword against any land 0 The word “sword” refers to an enemy army that attacks. Also, “land” refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “an army to attack the people of any land”
33:3 j7l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy He looks for the sword 0 Here “sword” represents an enemy army. Alternate translation: “He looks for an enemy army”
33:4 es87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy each one’s blood is on his own head 0 Here “blood” represents death. The phrase “on his own head” is an idiom that means the person will be held responsible. Alternate translation: “it is their own fault if they die” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
33:5 j5px his blood is on him 0 Here “blood” represents a person’s death. The phrase “on him” is an idiom that means that person is considered responsible. Alternate translation: “it will be his own fault that he dies”
33:5 y6tp save his own life 0 Alternate translation: “will keep himself from dying”
33:6 whv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the sword as it is coming 0 The word “sword” refers to an enemy army. Alternate translation: “the enemy army as it is coming”
33:6 i3vd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive with the result that the people are not warned 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he does not warn the people”
33:6 n3dx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the sword comes and takes anyone’s life 0 Here “sword” represents an enemy army. Alternate translation: “the enemy army comes and kills anyone”
33:6 bt9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will require his blood from the watchman 0 Here “blood” represents a person’s death. The phrase “I will require his blood from” is an idiom that means to consider someone responsible. Alternate translation: “I will consider that person’s death to be the fault of the watchman” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
33:7 wy4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel”
33:7 kx9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you will hear the words from my mouth and warn them on my behalf 0 Here “mouth” represents what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “you will hear the message that I speak and you will warn them on my behalf”
33:8 xxx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will require his blood from your hand 0 Here “blood” represents a person’s death. The phrase “require … from your hand” is an idiom that means to consider someone responsible. Alternate translation: “I will consider you responsible for his death” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
33:9 bli4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he might turn back from it, and if he does not turn back from his way 0 A person no longer behaving in a certain way is spoken of as if he physically turns and goes back on a path. Alternate translation: “he might stop doing bad things, and if he does not stop doing bad things”
33:10 a75l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Our transgressions and our sins are on us 0 This could mean: (1) “on us” is a metaphor that means they feel guilty for their transgressions and sins or (2) “on us” is a metaphor that means they realize that Yahweh is punishing them for their transgressions and sins.
33:10 m2e4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor we are decaying in them 0 “we are rotting away because of them.” Being destroyed because of sin is spoken of as if the person’s flesh were rotting. Alternate translation: “they are destroying us” or “they are killing us”
33:10 wd7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How can we live? 0 The people ask this question to emphasize that they have no hope of living. Alternate translation: “We have no hope of living.” or “We will certainly die.”
33:11 tlw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I do not delight in the death of the wicked 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **death**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “die.” And the nominal adjective “the wicked” can be stated as “wicked people.” Alternate translation: “It does not make me happy when wicked people die” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
33:11 e26x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor if the wicked repents from his way 0 Here “way” represents how a person behaves. Alternate translation: “if the wicked person stops doing bad things”
33:11 r9qn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion For why should you die, house of Israel? 0 Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he does not want the people of Israel to die. Alternate translation: “Do not choose to die, house of Israel!”
33:12 lb73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns The righteousness of a righteous person will not save him if he sins! 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “right.” It is implied that they will not be saved from God’s punishment. Alternate translation: “If righteous people start to sin, the fact that they did what was right before will not stop me from punishing them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
33:12 i4s7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns The wickedness of a wicked person will not cause him to perish 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “wicked.” Alternate translation: “A person who does what is wicked will not perish”
33:13 j7tp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns if he trusts in his righteousness 0 The person thinks that because he was righteous, Yahweh will not punish him, even if he sins. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “right.” Alternate translation: “if he depends on the right things he has done”
33:13 g3er rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will not call to mind 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will not think about” or “I will not recall”
33:13 wz8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns for the wickedness he committed 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “wicked” Alternate translation: “because of the wicked things he has done”
33:14 b6yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj to the wicked 0 The nominal adjective “the wicked” can be stated as “the wicked person.” Alternate translation: “to the wicked person”
33:15 a8pz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor walks in the statutes that give life 0 Acting or behaving in a certain way is spoken of as if it were walking. Alternate translation: “lives according to the laws that give life”
33:16 t7vi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom will be called to mind for him 0 The phrase “call to mind” is an idiom that means to remember. The phrase “will be called” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will I think about” or “will I recall” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
33:17 md4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The way of the Lord … your ways that are not fair 0 Behaviors or actions is spoken of as if they were a way or road on which a person travels. Alternate translation: “What the Lord does … the things you do that are not fair”
33:17 ek62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person but it is your ways 0 The word “your” refers to the people of Israel. This can be stated in third person. Alternate translation: “but it is their ways”
33:18 lm5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor turns away from his righteousness 0 No longer doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. Alternate translation: “stops doing what is right”
33:19 sj6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor turns away from his wickedness 0 No longer doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. Alternate translation: “stops doing wicked things”
33:21 f5bc It happened 0 This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
33:21 ft4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the twelfth year … fifth day … tenth month 0 “year 12 … day 5 … month 10”
33:21 h8in rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths on the fifth day of the tenth month 0 This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
33:21 b544 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive of our captivity 0 Here “our” refers to Ezekiel and the Israelites who have been in Babylon since the time the Babylonians forced King Jehoiachin to leave Jerusalem, but not to the reader. Alternate translation: “after we became captives” or “after the Babylonians took us as captives to Babylon” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
33:21 t9rx a fugitive came to me from Jerusalem 0 “someone escaped from Jerusalem and came to me” The Babylonians had destroyed Jerusalem and killed the people of Jerusalem, but a few people escaped.
33:21 v51g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The city has been captured 0 The phrase “the city” refers to “Jerusalem.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Babylonians have destroyed Jerusalem”
33:22 q98f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The hand of Yahweh had been on me 0 The word “hand” is often used to refer to someone’s power or action. A person with his hand on another person has power over that person. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh was controlling me”
33:22 hm5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom my mouth was opened 0 This phrase is an idiom that means to be able to speak. It can be stated in active form. See how you translated “I will open your mouth” in [Ezekiel 3:27](../03/27.md). Alternate translation: “I was able to speak” or “Yahweh enabled me to speak” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
33:22 inm6 dawn 0 The word “dawn” refers to the time early in the morning when the light of the sun first appears.
33:22 v9lp I was no longer mute 0 “I was no longer forced to be silent” or “I was no longer unable to speak” Ezekiel had been unable to speak anything except prophetic words since [Ezekiel 3:26](../03/26.md).
33:23 n93e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
33:24 db2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he inherited the land 0 Yahweh giving the land to Abraham is spoken of as if Abraham inherited the land. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave him the land”
33:24 x6je rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The land has been given to us 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given us the land”
33:24 g3xl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns as a possession 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **possession**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “possess.” Alternate translation: “so that we can possess it”
33:25 iui8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit You eat blood 0 It is implied that they eat blood by eating meat that still has blood in it. Yahweh had commanded them to drain out the blood. Alternate translation: “You eat meat with blood in it”
33:25 il6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom you lift up your eyes towards your idols 0 “you look to your idols” This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you worship your idols”
33:25 dn3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you pour out people’s blood 0 Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To pour out blood is an idiom that means to murder. Alternate translation: “you murder people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
33:25 b6mv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should you really possess the land? 0 Yahweh used this question to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “You should not possess this land!” or “You do not deserve this land!”
33:26 sg6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You have depended on your swords 0 Here “swords” represent doing violent things. Alternate translation: “You have committed violent acts with your swords to get what you want”
33:26 f3xi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit each man defiles his neighbor’s wife 0 It is implied that they defile their neighbor’s wives by sleeping with them. Alternate translation: “each man sleeps with his neighbor’s wife”
33:27 iv1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom As I live 0 “As surely as I am alive.” Yahweh uses this expression to show that what he says next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear”
33:27 lsf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the ones in the ruins will fall by the sword 0 The phrase “fall by the sword” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “enemies will kill the ones living in the ruins”
33:27 ixw1 those in fortresses and in caves will die of plagues 0 Alternate translation: “plagues will kill the people who live in fortresses and caves”
33:27 ssd1 fortresses 0 A fortress is a building that people build to protect themselves from enemies who attack them.
33:27 b74v caves 0 Caves are natural holes in the side of a mountain or down in the ground. They are usually made of rock.
33:28 pga2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the pride of its might will end 0 The word “it” refers to the land, which refers to the people of the land. Alternate translation: “the people of the land will not be proud anymore that they are strong”
33:28 e7dn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the mountains of Israel will be deserted 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will live in the mountains of Israel”
33:28 v97a there will be no one to pass through them 0 Alternate translation: “there will be no one left to travel through the land or over the mountains”
33:29 xsr3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
33:29 wy3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns all the abominations that they have done 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **abominations**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “things I hate.” Alternate translation: “all the things they have done that I hate”
33:31 pn5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Right words are in their mouths, but their hearts are going after unjust profit 0 Here “mouths” represent speaking. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “They speak about loving me, but their hearts are going after unjust profit” or (2) Alternate translation: “They speak about the things they lust after, and their hearts are going after unjust profit”
33:31 d3vr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy their hearts are going after unjust profit 0 Here “hearts” represents desire. Alternate translation: “in their hearts they want to get their unjust profit” or “they desire to get things in ways that are not just”
33:32 aks2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you are like a lovely song to them 0 Here “you” refers to Ezekiel, and here he represents the message he speaks. This compares Ezekiel’s message to a lovely song, which means the people enjoy listening to him, but they do not think his message is important enough to obey. Alternate translation: “they think that your words are like a lovely song” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
33:32 ra8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that is well played on a stringed instrument 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that someone plays very well on a stringed instrument”
33:32 b8sk stringed instrument 0 something that has strings and people use to make music
33:33 z7bj behold! 0 The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “indeed!”
33:33 h6fe that a prophet has been among them 0 Alternate translation: “that I really sent you as a prophet to them”
34:intro lc2c 0 # Ezekiel 34 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God protects the people\n\nGod is against those who exploit others. He will protect and take care of his people. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nThe people of Israel are compared to sheep and God and the son of David as good shepherds. This is a common metaphor in scripture. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
34:1 uc2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 # General Information:\n\nIn chapter 34, Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and the leaders of Israel were the shepherds that were supposed to care for the flock but have not.
34:1 bhs2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
34:2 ej5p Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
34:2 vn6i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the shepherds of Israel 0 The leaders of Israel are spoken as if they were shepherds. They were supposed to take care of their people like shepherds take care of their flock. Alternate translation: “the leaders of Israel who are like shepherds”
34:2 g6f2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor are shepherding themselves 0 The leaders taking care of themselves instead of the people are spoken of as if they were shepherding themselves. AT “are feeding and taking care of themselves”
34:2 ws9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should not shepherds guard the flock? 0 Yahweh uses this question to scold the leaders for not taking care of the people. Alternate translation: “Shepherds should feed the flock and take care of it.”
34:3 q9ux rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You eat the fatty portions … dress in wool 0 This continues speaking of the leaders of Israel as if they were bad shepherds that kill the best animals in their flock for food and clothing. Alternate translation: “You are like shepherds who eat the fatty portions … dress in wool”
34:3 nel9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit You eat the fatty portions 0 The fatty portions come from the sheep and the goats. Alternate translation: “You eat the fatty parts of the sheep and goats” or “You eat the best parts of the sheep and goats”
34:4 ic6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis the lost 0 The words “the sheep or goats” are left out of this phrase, but they are intended to be understood. Alternate translation: “the sheep or goats that are lost”
34:5 q6lk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Then they were scattered without a shepherd 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then they scattered because they did not have a shepherd”
34:7 leq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom hear the word of Yahweh 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “listen to Yahweh’s message”
34:8 twl6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive because my flock has become plunder and food for all the beasts in the fields 0 This can be stated in the active form. Alternate translation: “because all the beasts in the fields steal my flock and eat them”
34:8 yc8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole all the beasts in the fields 0 Here “all” is a generalization that refers to all the wild animals that eat sheep. Alternate translation: “all the wild animals in the fields”
34:9 k6pi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom hear the word of Yahweh 0 “listen to Yahweh’s message.” This is an idiom that is used to introduce a special message from God.
34:10 tc6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person The Lord Yahweh says this 0 This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this”
34:10 q2jt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will require my flock from their hand 0 The phrase “require … from their hand” is an idiom that means to hold or consider someone responsible for something. Alternate translation: “I will hold them responsible for all the bad things that happen to my flock” or “I will punish them for all the bad things they let happen to my flock”
34:10 wm3e I will dismiss them from shepherding the flock 0 Alternate translation: “I will not let them shepherd the flock any longer” or “I will not let them be the shepherds of the flock any longer”
34:10 vs2t shepherd themselves 0 Alternate translation: “feed and take care of themselves”
34:11 hn5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person For the Lord Yahweh says this 0 This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “For this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say”
34:12 hyn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they were scattered 0 It is implied that the animals in the flock scattered because they did not have a shepherd to care for them or protect them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they scattered because they did not have a shepherd to care for them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
34:12 vtv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor on the day of clouds and darkness 0 “on the cloudy and dark day.” Disasters are spoken of as if they were a day of darkness. Alternate translation: “when terrible disasters happened to them”
34:13 j5tp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will put them in pastures … every settlement in the land 0 Yahweh bringing his people back from exile to their land so that he can care for them and keep them safe is spoken of as if he were their shepherd who puts his flock in a place where there is plenty of land, food, and water.
34:15 zzp6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns I myself 0 The word “myself” adds emphasis. God would do this because the shepherds were not doing it.
34:16 u7yj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis the lost 0 The words “the sheep or goats” are left out of this phrase, but they are intended to be understood. Alternate translation: “the sheep or goats that are lost”
34:16 bi2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis the fat and the strong 0 The word “sheep” is understood. Alternate translation: “the fat sheep and the strong sheep”
34:17 ql1g behold, I 0 Alternate translation: “pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important, I”
34:17 j47n I will be a judge between sheep and sheep 0 Alternate translation: “I will judge between one sheep and another”
34:17 iya2 rams and male goats 0 The male sheep and goats are usually the strongest in the flock and can get whatever they want from the other animals in the flock.
34:18 fhe3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is it not enough … feet 0 God uses these questions to scold Israel’s leaders, who are spoken of as if they were the stronger animals in the flock that were unkind to the weaker ones. You can translate this as a statement as in the UST. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
34:20 fe7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person the Lord Yahweh says this 0 This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say”
34:20 y9ed will judge between the fat sheep and the thin ones 0 Alternate translation: “will make sure that the fat sheep and goats and the skinny sheep and goats are treating each other fairly”
34:20 r517 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the fat sheep and the thin ones 0 The leaders and strong people in Israel are spoken of as if they were fat and strong animals in the flock. The poor and weak people in Israel are spoken of as if they were the thin and weak animals in the flock.
34:22 e57g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they will no longer be plunder 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will not allow anyone to plunder them” or “I will not allow anyone to steal them”
34:22 j76i will no longer be plunder 0 “will no longer be things that are stolen.” The shepherds and wild animals have been stealing the sheep and the goats from Yahweh’s flock.
34:23 imy5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will set over them one shepherd 0 The phrase “set over” is an idiom that means to cause a person to rule someone else. Alternate translation: “I will assign one shepherd to be in charge of my sheep and the goats”
34:23 v2q3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my servant David 0 Here “David” refers to a descendant of David. Alternate translation: “a descendant of my servant David”
34:23 yh5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He will shepherd them 0 The descendant of David who will be king over the people of Israel is spoken of as if he would be their shepherd.
34:25 re5l a covenant of peace 0 Alternate translation: “a covenant that brings peace”
34:25 qx55 the evil wild animals 0 These are wild animals that could kill the sheep and the goats.
34:26 rf54 I will also bring blessings on them and on the places around my hill 0 Some versions of the Bible translate this as “I will also turn them and the places around my hill into a blessing.”
34:27 gz6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
34:27 y578 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor when I break the bars of their yoke 0 Slavery is spoken of as if it were a yoke that people wear like some animals. Alternate translation: “when I free them from being slaves”
34:27 c8kl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the hand of those who enslaved them 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the control of those who made them slaves” or “from those who made them slaves”
34:28 fz53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy They will no longer be plunder for the nations 0 Here “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “The people of the nations will no longer steal from them”
34:29 g731 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy they will not bear the scorn of the nations 0 Here “nations” represents the people of the nations. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **scorn**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “they will no longer hear the people of the nations insult them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
34:30 s92f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I, Yahweh their God, am with them 0 Here “I … am with them” is an idiom that means Yahweh helps them. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh their God, am helping them”
34:31 r38j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For you are my sheep, the flock of my pasture 0 This speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep and Yahweh is their shepherd.
35:intro nzj1 0 # Ezekiel 35 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Edom\n\nBecause the people of Edom rejoiced at the destruction of Israel, they too will be destroyed.
35:1 e4ea 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh tells Ezekiel to speak a prophecy. Ezekiel is to speak to Mount Seir, but the message is for all of the people of Edom.
35:1 ir7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
35:2 dl8l Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
35:2 pzl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction set your face against Mount Seir 0 Mount Seir was far away, so Ezekiel could not see it, but Yahweh commands him to stare in that direction as a symbol of harming the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:2](../06/02.md). Alternate translation: “turn toward Mount Seir and stare” or “stare toward Mount Seir so that the people there will be harmed”
35:2 xr3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Mount Seir and prophesy against it 0 “the mountain of Seir.” Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to Mount Seir as if it could hear him. The message is for all of the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “Mount Seir and prophesy against it because of what the people of Edom have done”
35:3 mle2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Behold! I am against you, Mount Seir, and I will strike you with my hand and make you a desolation and a waste 0 Yahweh tells Ezekiel to speak to Mount Seir as if it could hear him. The message is for all of the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “Listen, Mount Seir, I will strike you with my hand and make you a desolation and a waste because of what your people did”
35:3 a49m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will strike you with my hand 0 Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “I will use my power to strike you”
35:3 s7v8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns make you a desolation 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “make you desolate”
35:4 t23n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
35:5 ix3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you poured them out into the hands of the sword 0 This metaphor could mean: (1) “you gave them over to their enemies who killed them with swords” or (2) “you killed them with swords.”
35:6 ax82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will prepare you for bloodshed 0 Here “bloodshed” is a metonym for killing. Alternate translation: “I will make it easy for your enemies to kill many of you”
35:6 rj8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification bloodshed will pursue you 0 Here “bloodshed” is a metonym for killing. Yahweh speaks of bloodshed as if it were a person who could chase them. Alternate translation: “your enemies will chase you down and kill you”
35:6 sr9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Since you did not hate bloodshed 0 Here “bloodshed” is a metonym for killing. Alternate translation: “Since you did not hate it when enemies brutally killed the people of Israel”
35:7 hhc6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor when I cut off from it anyone who passes through and returns again 0 This could mean: (1) “cut off” is a metaphor that means to destroy. Alternate translation: “I will destroy anyone who enters it or leaves it” or (2) “cut off” is a metaphor that means to stop someone from doing something. Alternate translation: “I will make it so that people do not travel back and forth through it”
35:8 wbp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive those who were killed by the sword 0 Here “sword” represents enemies who fought them in battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 31:17](../31/17.md). Alternate translation: “those whom enemies have killed with swords” or “those who have died in battle” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
35:9 xx8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole a perpetual desolation 0 “desolate forever.” This may be an exaggeration to emphasize the destruction.
35:9 hy7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Your cities will not be inhabited 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This may be an exaggeration for emphasis. Alternate translation: “People will not live in your cities” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
35:9 i7gc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you but you will know 0 Here “you” is plural. God is speaking to the people of Mount Seir, rather than to a single mountain.
35:10 i7s4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification You have said 0 The word “You” refers to the mountain of Seir. Ezekiel is to speak to the mountain as if it can hear him. The message is for the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “Your people said”
35:10 dw47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit even when Yahweh was present with them 0 It is implied that Yahweh was protecting Israel and Judah. Alternate translation: “but Yahweh was there protecting Israel and Judah”
35:11 d51p I will do according to your anger and according to your jealousy 0 This could mean: (1) “I will punish you because of your anger and jealousy” or (2) “just as you acted against the people of Israel with anger and jealousy, I will act against you with anger and jealousy.”
35:12 y3tw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche against the mountains of Israel 0 Here “mountains” represents the whole land of Israel.
35:12 wts3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive They have been destroyed 0 This phrase can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They are in ruins”
35:12 uc8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they have been given over to us to devour 0 The people of Mount Seir taking the land of Israel and using it for themselves is spoken of as if they were wild animals that would devour the mountains of Israel. Alternate translation: “they are here for us to devour” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
35:14 rhr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person The Lord Yahweh says this 0 This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, say”
35:14 w5h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification I will make you a desolation 0 Here “you” refers to Mount Seir, but the message is for the people of Edom. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because of what your people did I will make you desolate” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
35:14 bfc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the entire earth rejoices 0 Here “earth” represents the people of the earth. The word “entire” is a generalization that refers only to people near Mount Seir. Alternate translation: “people who know that I have destroyed you rejoice”
35:15 zg6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor As you rejoiced over the inheritance of the people of Israel because of its desolation 0 This speaks of the land that Yahweh gave to the Israelites as their inheritance. Alternate translation: “As you rejoiced when I made the land of the Israelites desolate”
35:15 et5r I will do the same to you 0 This could mean: (1) I will make your land desolate” or (2) “I will rejoice when your land is desolate” or (3) “I will make other people rejoice because of your desolation.”
35:15 d1la Then they will know 0 The word **they** possibly refers to (1) “the people of the earth” or (2) “the people of Israel and Judah.”
36:intro i2lt 0 # Ezekiel 36 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Israel restored\n\nIsrael is promised to be restored by Yahweh. Because of his honor, God will bring Israel back to their land. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])\n\n### New hearts\n\nGod will forgive Israel’s sin and give them the desire to obey him. This is expressed by the metonym “heart.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
36:1 aj63 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh tells Ezekiel to speak a prophecy. Ezekiel is to speak to the mountains of Israel, but the message is for all of the people of Israel.
36:1 zh9m son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
36:1 td84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification prophesy to the mountains of Israel 0 God wants Ezekiel to speak to the mountains as if they were people. The message is for the people of Israel.
36:3 i87p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Because of your desolation 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “desolate.” Alternate translation: “Because you, mountains of Israel, have become desolate”
36:3 iz4b because of the attacks that came on you from all sides 0 Alternate translation: “because you were attacked from every direction” or “because your enemies attacked you from every direction”
36:3 x8k1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche you have been the subject of slanderous lips and tongues, and of people’s stories 0 Here, “lips” and “tongues” represent people speaking. Alternate translation: “people are saying bad things about you, and the nations are telling bad stories about you”
36:4 bmf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the uninhabited desolations 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **desolations**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “desolate cities.” Alternate translation: “the desolate cities which have no people living in them”
36:4 f5ii rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the forsaken cities 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the cities that people have left behind”
36:5 wpy5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in the fire of my fury 0 This speaks of Yahweh’s fury as if it were a fire. Yahweh loves Israel very much, so he becomes jealous and angry when other nations mock it. Alternate translation: “because of my intense jealousy” or “because of my very strong anger”
36:5 suz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy had both joy in their heart and disdain in their spirit, as they seized my land 0 Here “heart” and “spirit” represent a person’s inner being. The ideas of having joy and disdain can be expressed with the verbs “rejoiced” and “despised.” Alternate translation: “who despised the people of Israel and rejoiced while they took my land”
36:6 tf39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet In my fury and in my anger 0 The words “fury” and “anger” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: “Because I am extremely angry”
36:7 knz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction I myself will lift up my hand to swear 0 Here “lift up my hand” is a symbolic action that shows he will truly do what he has sworn to do. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear”
36:7 p342 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor that the nations that surround you will certainly carry their own shame 0 The people experiencing shame are spoken of as if they will carry their shame. Alternate translation: “that people will certainly mock the nations that surround you”
36:8 d5fx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche you will grow branches and bear fruit 0 Here “you” refers to the mountain of Israel which here represents the trees on the mountain that will grow fruit. Alternate translation: “your trees will grow branches and bear fruit”
36:9 a9fa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you will be plowed and sown with seed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my people, Israel, will plow your ground and sow it with seed”
36:10 a95f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit So I will multiply upon you 0 Yahweh is speaking to the mountains. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “So, mountains of Israel, I will multiply upon you”
36:10 p4xl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy even the whole house of Israel 0 Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “all of the people of Israel”
36:10 anb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The cities will be inhabited and the ruins rebuilt 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then people will live in the cities and will rebuild the ruins”
36:11 il6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom they will multiply and be fruitful 0 Here “be fruitful” is an idiom that means to have many children and descendants. Alternate translation: “they will become very many people and have very many children”
36:11 xi5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you to be inhabited as you previously were 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people to live on you mountains as they did before”
36:11 b944 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
36:12 i87i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They will possess you, and you will be their inheritance 0 The people living in the mountains and land of Israel permanently is spoke of as if the people would inherit them. Alternate translation: “They will possess you permanently”
36:12 eb3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit you will no longer cause their children to die 0 It is implied that in the past children died because there was not enough food in the land. Now the land would produce enough food.
36:13 vyl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You devour men 0 Not enough food growing in Israel so that people die is spoken of as if the mountains of Israel were devouring the people. Alternate translation: “You cause many people to die”
36:14 db67 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will not consume people any longer 0 Not enough food growing in Israel so that people die is spoken of as if the mountains of Israel were consuming the people. Alternate translation: “you will no longer cause the people to die”
36:14 m67b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person This is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “This is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
36:15 e66b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Nor will I allow you to hear the insults of the nations any longer 0 This speaks of the mountains as if they were able to hear when people insult them. Alternate translation: “I will no longer allow the other nations to insult you”
36:15 ki16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification you will no longer have to bear the shame of the peoples 0 Experiencing shame is spoken of as if the mountains could bear shame. Alternate translation: “the peoples will no longer cause you to feel ashamed” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
36:16 nah7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
36:17 cn2k Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
36:17 ju92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Their ways were like the unclean menstruation of a woman before me 0 This compares how the people behaved to a woman’s unclean menstruation rags. This emphasizes how disgusting their behaviors were to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Their ways were as disgusting to me as the unclean menstruation of a woman”
36:18 fp47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I poured out my fury against them 0 Yahweh punishing people because he is angry is spoken of as if his fury were a liquid that he poured out. Alternate translation: “I did things to them that showed how angry I was”
36:18 k9wm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom for the blood that they poured out on the land 0 This is an idiom that refers to killing someone. Alternate translation: “because they made the blood of many people spill onto the land” or “because they murdered many people”
36:18 i8xk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor for their pollution of it by their idols 0 The people worshiping idols is spoken of as if the idols made the land physically dirty. Alternate translation: “because they defiled the land with their idols”
36:19 z49i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism I scattered them among the nations; they were dispersed through the lands 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 12:15](../12/15.md). Alternate translation: “I caused them to separate and live in separate lands”
36:19 eyv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they were dispersed through the lands 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I dispersed them through the lands”
36:19 m94f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet their ways and their deeds 0 Here “ways” and “deeds” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “the things that they have done”
36:20 k2jy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy they profaned my holy name 0 Here “name” represents Yahweh and his reputation. Alternate translation: “they mocked me”
36:20 h8wp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are these really the people of Yahweh? 0 The people use a question to express their surprise at what they saw. Alternate translation: “I cannot believe these are really the people of Yahweh!”
36:20 j96q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive For they have been thrown out of his land 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh has forced them out of his land”
36:21 yx4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy But I had compassion for my holy name that the house of Israel had defiled among the nations, when they went there 0 Here “name” represents Yahweh and his reputation. Alternate translation: “When the house of Israel went among the nations, they caused me disgrace, but I wanted people to know that I am holy”
36:22 d6en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy but for my holy name, which you have profaned among the nations everywhere you have gone 0 Here “name” represents Yahweh and his reputation. Alternate translation: “but so that the people of the nations, who mock me because of you, will know that I am holy”
36:22 kw1p you have profaned among the nations everywhere you have gone 0 Alternate translation: “you have caused the people of the nations to mock everywhere you have gone”
36:25 w5ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will sprinkle pure water on you so you will be purified from all of your impurities, and I will purify you from all of your idols 0 Yahweh forgiving the people and causing them to no longer sin is spoken of as if he would cleanse them with water. The phrase “you will be purified” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will purify you as if I were sprinkling you with pure water, and I will cause you to stop worshiping idols” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
36:26 d81b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will give you a new heart and a new spirit in your innermost parts, and I will take away the heart of stone from your flesh. For I will give you a heart of flesh 0 Yahweh causing the people to no longer be stubborn but to love and serve Yahweh is spoken of as if he will take away their old heart and give them a new heart and spirit.
36:26 hzb2 a new heart and a new spirit 0 Here “heart” and “spirit” represent a person’s thoughts, attitudes, and emotions. See how you translated “heart” and “spirit” in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md).
36:26 rk5y in your innermost parts 0 Alternate translation: “within you” or “inside of you”
36:26 al9g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the heart of stone 0 This speaks of people being stubborn as if their hearts were made of stone. See how you translated “stone heart” in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). Alternate translation: “the heart that is as hard as stone”
36:26 f9ag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a heart of flesh 0 People being willing to serve Yahweh is spoken of as if their hearts were soft like flesh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:19](../11/19.md). Alternate translation: “a heart that is soft like flesh”
36:27 u62l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor enable you to walk in my statutes 0 A person acting or behaving in a certain way is spoken of is if it were a person walking. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 11:20](../11/20.md). Alternate translation: “enable you to obey my statutes”
36:29 ct8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For I will save you from all of your uncleanness 0 Something that is unacceptable to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “For I will save you from everything that made me reject you”
36:29 xjw7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification I will summon the grain 0 “I will call the grain to come.” This phrase presents the grain as a servant of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will cause there to be grain in the land of Israel”
36:29 b8fw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will no longer put famine upon you 0 Yahweh causing a famine in the land is spoken of as if he put famine on the people. Alternate translation: “I will no longer cause there to be a famine” or “I will no longer cause there to be no food”
36:30 a3wr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will no longer bear the shame of famine among the nations 0 Experiencing shame is spoken of as if the people had to carry the shame. Alternate translation: “the nations will no longer make you feel ashamed because you suffer from famine”
36:32 eh72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive let this be known to you 0 “know this” or “you can be sure of this.” Yahweh says this to emphasize that it is not because the people are good that he will restore them. This phrase can be moved to the beginning of the verse.
36:32 r8xf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet So be ashamed and disgraced 0 The words “ashamed” and “disgraced” share similar meanings. Together they emphasize the intensity of the shame. Alternate translation: “So be very ashamed”
36:34 g51f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy before the eyes of all who pass by 0 The eyes represent sight. Alternate translation: “to those who pass by and see it”
36:35 iu1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that were torn down 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “that enemies had torn down” or (2) Alternate translation: “that people could not get into”
36:35 n817 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive are now fortified and inhabited 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people have now rebuilt them and have started living there again”
36:37 qz48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will be asked by the house of Israel 0 Here “house” represents people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel will ask me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
36:37 l77n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to increase them like a flock of people 0 Yahweh causing the people to multiply greatly and quickly is spoken of as if they were a flock of sheep. Sheep multiply very quickly. Alternate translation: “to make them multiply like a flock of sheep” or “to make the people multiply quickly like sheep”
36:38 e5pt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Like the flock is set apart for sacrifices, like the flock in Jerusalem at her appointed feasts 0 The phrase “is set apart” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Like the great number of sheep that the people set apart for sacrifices or bring to Jerusalem for the appointed feasts”
36:38 g2vl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor so will the ruined cities be filled with flocks of people 0 This speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a flock of sheep. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so will the great number of people be who will be living in the cities that are now ruined but the people will rebuild” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
37:intro y7ac 0 # Ezekiel 37 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Israel restored\n\nGod will unite the two kingdoms of Israel and Judah and the Messiah will rule over them. This will come in a prophesied day of restoration. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nThe people are discouraged and compare themselves to skeletons, but God will cause them to become a nation again. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
37:1 pqu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The hand of Yahweh was upon me 0 The word “hand” is often used to refer to someone’s power or action. A person with his hand on another person has power over that other person. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh was controlling me”
37:1 j93q in the midst 0 Alternate translation: “in the middle”
37:2 g6gr round and round 0 Alternate translation: “in every direction”
37:2 u57b Behold! 0 The word “Behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
37:3 h9dr Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
37:4 idv1 Listen to the word of Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “Listen to Yahweh’s message”
37:5 i1nm Behold 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
37:5 ns2x to put breath into you 0 The noun “breath” can be stated as the verb “breathe.” Alternate translation: “I will cause you to breathe”
37:5 xr2z breath 0 The Hebrew word translated as “breath” in these verses is translated as “spirit” by a few modern versions. It is also translated as “wind” in [Ezekiel 37:9](../37/09.md).
37:6 z7hm sinews 0 the tissue that connects muscles to bones
37:6 q7zv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
37:7 b696 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive as I was commanded 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “as Yahweh had commanded me to speak”
37:7 c2cu behold 0 The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw.
37:8 nh22 sinews 0 This refers to the parts of human bodies that are like hard strings and hold the bones and muscles together. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 37:6](../37/06.md).
37:8 h4m2 But there was still no breath in them 0 The noun “breath” can be stated as the verb “breathing.” Alternate translation: “But they were not breathing” or “But they were not alive”
37:9 nv4f the breath 0 Possible meanings are: (1) “breath” or (2) “spirit” or (3) “wind.”
37:9 un53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom from the four winds 0 “from the four directions that the wind can blow in.” This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “from every direction”
37:9 j4v7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive these who have been killed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “these people that enemies and disasters have killed”
37:10 mfz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive as I was commanded 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “as Yahweh had commanded me”
37:11 g4u1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the entire house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md).
37:11 exq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor We have been cut off 0 The people being destroyed and removed from their land is spoken of as if they had been cut off like a person would cut off a branch or piece of cloth. Alternate translation: “Our nation is destroyed”
37:12 yi78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will open your graves and lift you out from them 0 Yahweh restoring the people and bringing them back to their land is spoken of as if he will bring them back to life again.
37:14 fz8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared”
37:15 ck45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
37:16 q4el rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Judah 0 The tribe of Judah lived in the southern kingdom of Israel which was called Judah. Here the name is used to refer to the whole southern kingdom.
37:16 fbx2 the people of Israel, his companions 0 This refers to the Israelites who lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. Alternate translation: “all the tribes of Judah” or “the tribes of Israel who are part of the kingdom of Judah”
37:16 bsf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche For Joseph, the branch of Ephraim 0 Joseph was Ephraim’s father. The tribe of Ephraim lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. Here the names are used to represent the whole northern kingdom.
37:16 c2dw all the people of Israel, their companions 0 This refers to the Israelites who lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the tribes of Israel” or “the Israelites who were part of the kingdom of Israel”
37:17 bud9 into one stick 0 Alternate translation: “so that they become one stick”
37:18 tm25 what these things of yours mean 0 Alternate translation: “what your sticks mean” or “why you have these sticks”
37:19 yen5 Behold! 0 This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!”
37:19 j32z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the branch of Joseph 0 “the stick of Joseph.” This represents the kingdom of Israel.
37:19 fg3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy that is in the hand of Ephraim 0 The word “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “that is in the power of Ephraim” or “that the tribe of Ephraim rules over”
37:19 c3zl the tribes of Israel his companions 0 Alternate translation: “the other tribes of Israel who are his companions” or “the other tribes of Israel who are part of that kingdom”
37:19 pkm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the branch of Judah 0 “the stick of Judah.” This represents the kingdom of Judah.
37:20 bc67 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche before their eyes 0 Here the people are represented by their “eyes” to emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: “while they watched you”
37:24 n6lq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy David my servant 0 Yahweh said “David” to refer to a descendant of David. See how you translated “my servant David” in [Ezekiel 34:23](../34/23.md). Alternate translation: “A descendant of my servant David”
37:24 k8cn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor one shepherd over them 0 This speaks of a king ruling a people as if he were a shepherd leading sheep. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 34:23](../34/23.md).
37:24 d25p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will walk according to my decrees 0 This speaks of acting or behaving in a certain way as if it were a person walking. Alternate translation: “will live as I have commanded”
37:26 py7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will establish them 0 It was implied that Yahweh would establish them in the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “I will set them in the land of Israel” or “I will cause them to live securely in the land of Israel”
37:26 n6dd multiply them 0 Alternate translation: “cause their people to increase in number”
37:26 ad1d my holy place 0 Alternate translation: “my holy sanctuary” or “my holy temple”
37:26 x4w7 in their midst 0 Alternate translation: “among them”
37:27 lwv7 My dwelling place 0 Alternate translation: “The place where I live”
37:27 srg8 I will be their God, and they will be my people 0 See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 11:20](../11/20.md).
38:intro fn3k 0 # Ezekiel 38 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a section prophesying against Gog. Later Gog will try to conquer Israel.
38:1 y6kr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The word of Yahweh came 0 This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets or his people. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this message” or “Yahweh spoke these words”
38:2 er1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction set your face toward Gog, the land of Magog, the chief prince … Tubal 0 This is a command to stare at Gog and Magog as a symbol of punishing the people there. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 4:3](../04/03.md). Alternate translation: “Stare at the land of Magog and at Gog, the chief prince … Tubal” or “Stare at Gog, the chief prince … Tubal, and at the land of Magog so that they will be harmed”
38:2 f2v4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy set your face 0 Here “face” is a metonym for attention or gaze, and “set your face” represents staring. Alternate translation: “stare”
38:2 ugx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Gog, the land of Magog 0 It is implied that Magog is the land over which Gog rules. Alternate translation: “Gog who rules over the land of Magog”
38:2 e6y7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gog 0 This is the name of a leader or king who ruled in the land of Magog.
38:2 v7t6 Magog 0 This is the name of an ancient nation that was probably located in the land that is now Turkey. Magog might be the ancient nation of Lydia.
38:2 sz93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal 0 This expression occurs twice in these verses. Some modern versions, however, interpret the Hebrew expression as “the chief of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal.” This is another title for Gog. Alternate translation: “who is the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal”
38:3 aqh7 Behold! 0 This emphasizes the importance of the statement that follows. It can be translated as “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!”
38:4 g7yk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor set hooks in your jaw 0 Here “hooks in your jaw” represents God’s control over Gog. People put hooks in the mouths of animals so that they could lead the animals wherever they wanted.
38:7 aiw5 your troops assembled with you 0 Alternate translation: “all of your troops that you have gathered to yourself” or “all of your army that you have brought together for yourself”
38:8 j5c1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive You will be called 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will call you to come for war”
38:8 qh5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy recovered from the sword 0 Here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “recovered from war”
38:8 ttc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that has been gathered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that I have gathered together”
38:8 vjl9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the land’s people will be brought out 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will bring the Israelites out”
38:9 evz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile you will go up as a storm goes 0 This simile means Gog will bring destruction like a large storm does.
38:9 rk79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile a cloud covering the land 0 This simile means the army will be so large that it will cover the entire land.
38:10 k46y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet plans will form in your heart … you will devise wicked schemes 0 These phrases mean the same thing and can be combined into a single phrase. Alternate translation: “you will plan to do something very evil”
38:10 dyu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy plans will form in your heart 0 Here “heart” refers to his thinking. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will think of plans”
38:11 d5i1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I will 0 Gog will not do these things alone. His army will do most of them. Alternate translation: “My army and I will”
38:12 jp1c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet capture booty and steal plunder 0 These phrases mean the same thing and can be combined into a single phrase. Alternate translation: “take away all their valuable possessions”
38:12 hq4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy bring my hand 0 Here “hand” refers to Gog’s military power.
38:12 ib94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy against the ruins 0 Here “ruins” refers to the people who live in the destroyed cities. Alternate translation: “against the people who live in the ruins”
38:13 zl51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you come to plunder? Have you assembled your armies … to haul away much plunder? 0 These two questions are used to accuse Gog of attacking Israel without cause. These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “It is not right for you to assemble your army to plunder, to carry off silver and gold, to take their livestock and property, and to haul away much plunder!”
38:13 kc59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet to take their livestock and property … to haul away much plunder 0 These phrases have similar meaning and can be combined into a single phrase. Alternate translation: “to take away their livestock and all their valuable possessions”
38:14 ij47 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh tells Ezekiel what he is to say to Gog.
38:14 p7li son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
38:14 tne1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion On that day … learn about them? 0 Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Gog will indeed hear about the people living in Israel. Alternate translation: “On that day, when my people Israel are living securely, you will hear about them.”
38:16 rg6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like a cloud that covers the land 0 This simile means the army will be so large that it will cover the entire land. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 38:9](../38/09.md).
38:16 yc4c In the latter days 0 This refers to the distant future before the world ends. Alternate translation: “In the last days” or “At the end of time” or “In the distant future”
38:17 ax3d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are you not the one … bring you against them? 0 Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he was the one who brought Gog to the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “You are the one … bring you against them.”
38:17 ul36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy by the hand of my servants 0 Here “hand” refers to the fact that these prophets wrote down Yahweh’s message. Alternate translation: “by means of my servants” or “through my servants”
38:18 rv8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
38:18 ae9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my wrath will mount up in my anger 0 Here “mount up” means “rise up” and expresses that his wrath will increase. The words “wrath” and “anger” mean the same thing and emphasize how intense his anger will be. Alternate translation: “my anger will greatly increase” or “I will be very angry with you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
38:19 edr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in the fire of my anger 0 The intensity of Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if it were as hot as fire. Alternate translation: “because my anger was intense”
38:20 dxl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The mountains will be thrown down 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will make mountains fall down”
38:21 r65t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will summon a sword against him 0 The word “sword” here is a metonym for soldiers who use swords to kill people. Alternate translation: “I will cause soldiers to attack him”
38:21 j5w2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy each man’s sword will be against his brother 0 Here “sword” is a metonym for the person who uses the sword to fight. Alternate translation: “all of his soldiers will fight each other”
38:22 p1s8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will judge him by plague and blood 0 Here “blood” is a metonym for injury and death. Alternate translation: “I will judge him by causing him to be sick and by sending soldiers to kill him”
38:22 kw69 overflowing rain and hailstones and burning sulfur I will rain down upon him 0 It may be helpful to change the order of this sentence. Alternate translation: “I will rain down overflowing rain and hailstones and burning sulfur upon him”
38:22 hl4u hailstones 0 ice that falls out of the sky
38:23 b4wq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns show my greatness and my holiness 0 The abstract nouns “greatness” and “holiness” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “show that I am great and holy”
38:23 a9ff rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will make myself known in the eyes of the many nations 0 Here “eyes” refers to sight, which is a metonym for understanding. Alternate translation: “I will cause many nations to understand who I am”
38:23 v92x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
39:intro m8b8 0 # Ezekiel 39 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter concludes the prophecy against Gog. God will destroy Gog and his army.
39:1 q3ya Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh gives Ezekiel his message to Gog.
39:1 f9pu son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
39:1 pml6 Behold! 0 This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!”
39:1 bia2 I am against you 0 Alternate translation: “I am your enemy”
39:1 z228 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit chief of Meshech and Tubal 0 Some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression as “prince of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal.” This is another title for Gog. See how you translated these names in [Ezekiel 38:2](../38/02.md). Alternate translation: “who is the prince of Meshech and Tubal”
39:2 c7g3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will turn you and lead you on 0 God speaks of leading Gog as if Gog was an animal.
39:3 x72x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will knock your bow out of your left hand and make the arrows fall from your right hand. 0 Knocking Gog’s bow and arrows out of his hands is spoken of as if God is destroying Gog’s military power.
39:4 cy17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet your troops and the soldiers 0 These refer to the same people. It can be stated as a single phrase. Alternate translation: “all your soldiers”
39:4 z24v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will give you to the birds of prey and the wild beasts of the fields for food 0 The scavengers eating the corpses is spoken of as if Yahweh was giving food to them.
39:5 e2qj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
39:6 li1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will send out fire on Magog 0 This could mean: (1) Yahweh will send literal fire down on Gog and his army or (2) “fire” is a metonym for the destruction that it causes.
39:6 f28e Magog 0 This is the name of an ancient nation that probably lived in the land that is now Turkey. Magog might be the ancient nation of Lydia. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 38:2](../38/02.md).
39:6 me83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit know that I am Yahweh 0 When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate translation: “understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” or “realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority”
39:7 j1lr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will make my holy name known in the midst of my people Israel 0 Here the metonym “my holy name” refers to Yahweh’s character. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will make my people, Israel, know that I am holy” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
39:8 y96a Behold! 0 This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you!”
39:8 k6bb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet is coming … will take place 0 These two phrases have similar meaning and emphasize the fact that this will really happen. Alternate translation: “is surely going to happen”
39:9 t6ss rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet to kindle and make fires 0 These two phrases mean the same thing. The Israelites will use the wood from the weapons as kindling for fires. Alternate translation: “to start fires”
39:9 jr6e small shields, large shields, bows, arrows, the clubs and spears 0 This list includes all the typical weapons of war of that day. It may represent weapons in general.
39:10 f3tl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet wanted to take … wanted to plunder 0 Here “to take” and “to plunder” mean the same thing. Gog intended to take Israel’s possessions, but Yahweh prevented him so that he was not able to do that.
39:12 k8kx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
39:12 pj7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit will bury them in order to purify the land 0 In Jewish law, a dead body defiled anything it touched and made it “unclean.” Burying these bodies is spoken of as cleansing or purifying the land.
39:13 glw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
39:14 x6wr Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to tell Ezekiel what will happen to Gog.
39:14 nyn1 through the land 0 Alternate translation: “through the land of Israel”
39:14 u5jz those who were traveling through, but who died and their bodies remained on the surface of the land 0 This refers to the dead bodies of Gog’s soldiers whom Yahweh killed as they entered the land.
39:14 rmp9 so that they may bury them 0 Alternate translation: “so that the designated men may bury the dead bodies”
39:14 gq5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to cleanse the land 0 In Jewish law, a dead body defiled anything it touched and made it “unclean.” Burying these bodies is spoken of as cleansing or purifying the land. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
39:14 tmp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal seventh month 0 This “seventh” is the ordinal number for seven.
39:15 ijs9 any human bone 0 Bones would be all that remained of the corpses after a period of time.
39:15 h1r4 they will put a marker by it, until gravediggers come and bury it 0 There are apparently two groups of men. The first will mark the location of corpses, and the second group will bury them.
39:16 b339 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit purify the land 0 In Jewish law, a dead body defiled anything it touched and made it “unclean.” Burying these bodies is spoken of as cleansing or purifying the land. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
39:16 ufn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hamonah 0 This name means “Great Army.”
39:17 vhg1 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh gives Ezekiel a message for the birds and the wild animals about what they will do to Gog.
39:17 v4w4 son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “mortal person” or “human”
39:17 fx3j to the sacrifice 0 “to the feast” or “to the slaughter.” Yahweh means that he will give the birds and animals a very good meal and not that he is worshiping them.
39:18 fiv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony they will be rams, lambs, goats, and bulls 0 Yahweh is speaking with irony. Normally people sacrificed animals to God. Here, God is sacrificing people to animals. Alternate translation: “as if they were male sheep, lambs, goats, and bulls”
39:18 st13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they were all fattened in Bashan 0 That can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they all became fat while grazing in Bashan”
39:19 c3t6 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message for the birds and the wild animals about what they will do to Gog.
39:19 pmw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns to your satisfaction 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **satisfaction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “until you are satisfied”
39:19 blj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns until drunkenness 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **drunkenness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “until you become drunk” or “until you are intoxicated”
39:20 d3da rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy chariot 0 The metonym “chariot” refers to the men in the chariots. Alternate translation: “chariot driver”
39:20 m7yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
39:21 j63v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will set my glory among the nations 0 Yahweh speaks of his glory as if he will place it in the middle of the nations where they can see it. Alternate translation: “I will make the nations see my glory”
39:21 bf91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet my judgment that I perform and my hand that I have set against them 0 Both of these phrases refer to the punishment that Yahweh will inflict upon Israel and are repeated for emphasis. They can be combined into a single phrase. Alternate translation: “the way that I will judge them”
39:21 ff98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my hand 0 Here the metonym “hand” refers to Yahweh’s power that he uses to bring punishment.
39:22 hgr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
39:23 wt66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
39:23 t9rz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns because of their iniquity by which they betrayed me 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **iniquity**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “because they sinned and betrayed me”
39:23 ltf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I hid my face from them 0 Here “face” refers to Yahweh’s help and protection. Alternate translation: “I stopped protecting them and taking care of them”
39:23 pwc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy gave them into the hand of their adversaries 0 Here the metonym “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “gave their enemies power over them”
39:23 ba77 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all of them fell by the sword 0 Here falling represents being killed, and the sword represents battle. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 32:23](../32/23.md). Alternate translation: “their enemies killed them all in battle”
39:24 b2rs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor their uncleanness and their sins 0 This speaks of the people’s disgusting behavior as if they were physically unclean. Here “uncleanness” means basically the same as “sins.” Alternate translation: “their disgusting behavior and their sins” or “their sins” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
39:25 k972 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to give Ezekiel a message about what will happen to Israel.
39:25 rb2h will restore the fortunes of Jacob 0 Translate “will restore the fortunes” as in [Ezekiel 16:53](../16/53.md). However, some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression here as “will bring Jacob back from captivity.”
39:25 f9gp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
39:25 q1np act with zeal for my holy name 0 Alternate translation: “make sure that they honor me”
39:26 x3gv they will bear their shame and all the treason 0 Experts do not agree on the meaning of this phrase. This could mean: (1) “they will regret their shame and all the treason” or (2) “they will forget their shame and all the treason.”
39:26 mmr5 the treason 0 Alternate translation: “the unfaithfulness”
39:27 gzg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will show myself to be holy in the sight of many nations 0 Here “sight” is a metonym for understanding. Alternate translation: “many nations will understand that I am holy because of what I did for the house of Israel”
39:28 k5li I sent them into captivity … I will gather them back to their land 0 At the time when Ezekiel wrote, Israel was still in captivity in Babylon.
39:29 rdl6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will no longer hide my face from them 0 Here “no longer hide my face” is an idiom that means Yahweh will not continue to abandon Israel to exile in Babylon. Alternate translation: “I will no longer abandon them”
39:29 lz2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor when I pour out my Spirit on the house of Israel 0 Here to give the Spirit abundantly is spoken of as to “pour out” the Spirit. Alternate translation: “when I generously give my Spirit to the house of Israel”
39:29 z9b1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
39:29 jha5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
40:intro w1r3 0 # Ezekiel 40 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### The new temple and city\n\nIn a vision, Ezekiel saw a man measuring the wall of a new temple. The next chapters will give precise measurements for the construction of a temple to be built. This was not the temple of Ezra’s day. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
40:1 c448 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal twenty-fifth … tenth … fourteenth 0 These words are the ordinal forms of 25, 10, and 14.
40:1 i9cg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit of our captivity 0 Here “our” refers to Ezekiel and the Israelites who have been in Babylon since the Babylonians forced King Jehoiachin to leave Jerusalem, but not to the reader. Alternate translation: “after we became captives” or “after the Babylonians took us as captives to Babylon” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
40:1 jqw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths the beginning of the year on the tenth day of the month 0 This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is in April on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
40:1 l36p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the city was captured 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonians captured the city of Jerusalem”
40:1 y8a6 the hand of Yahweh 0 Here “hand” refers to Yahweh’s power to show Ezekiel supernatural visions. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:3](../01/03.md).
40:2 y9x4 He brought me to rest 0 Alternate translation: “He put me down”
40:3 ws2u he brought me there 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh brought me to the place that had the buildings”
40:3 e8u1 Behold 0 Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw.
40:3 w6wn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns His appearance was like the appearance of bronze 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The way he appeared was like the way bronze appears”
40:3 fuy5 linen cord 0 “a rope made of linen.” This is a tool for measuring very long distances.
40:3 am4h linen 0 This is a type of cloth. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/02.md).
40:3 h98a measuring stick 0 This is a tool for measuring shorter distances.
40:4 s9t4 Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
40:4 et9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom fix your mind on 0 This idiom means “pay attention to” or “think about.”
40:4 j47s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelite people group”
40:5 p1bk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance Each long cubit was a cubit and a handbreadth in length 0 Each “long cubit” was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of “cubits” as the UST does. Alternate translation: “These were the long cubits, which were the length of a regular cubit plus a handbreadth”
40:5 q72n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance a handbreadth 0 “the width of a hand.” This was about 8 centimeters.
40:6 u8ev one stick 0 “it was one stick wide.” This was about 3.2 meters.
40:6 ihb5 the temple gate that faced east 0 This gate was part of the wall that surrounded the temple area. It was not part of the temple building itself. Alternate translation: “the gate on the eastern side of the wall surrounding the temple” or “the gate on the eastern wall of the temple courtyard”
40:6 dwa9 up its steps 0 Alternate translation: “up the steps of the gate”
40:6 j4tr in depth 0 Alternate translation: “from the front edge of the threshold to its back edge”
40:7 n81k The guard chambers 0 These were rooms that were built inside of the gate where guards stayed to protect the gate.
40:7 n8vq there were five cubits between any two of the chambers 0 Alternate translation: “the chambers next to each other were five cubits apart” or “there were five cubits between a chamber and the one next to it”
40:7 pzy7 the chambers 0 Alternate translation: “the rooms”
40:7 pqx5 portico 0 This was a covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
40:8 f4pi portico 0 This was a covering in front of a doorway or gateway with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
40:8 e848 one stick 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md).
40:9 i2wc the portico of the gate facing the temple 0 Here “facing the temple” means that the portico was attached to the gate in the temple courtyard. Alternate translation: “the portico of the gate on the inner side of the wall that surrounded the temple”
40:14 pp21 cubits 0 See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md).
40:14 xi48 portico 0 This was a covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
40:15 ahd8 fifty cubits 0 about 27 meters
40:16 rk3m closed windows 0 This could mean: (1) “closed windows” or (2) “windows with shutters” or (3) “narrow windows.”
40:16 tct8 likewise for the porches 0 Alternate translation: “the porches also had closed windows all around”
40:16 pz45 each jamb 0 jambs are the sides of a wooden frame of a door
40:17 hc2u 0 # General Information:\n\nThere were two walls surrounding the temple. The outer wall surrounded the outer courtyard, and within that, the inner wall surrounded the inner courtyard. The inner courtyard was higher than the outer courtyard. Each wall had gates on the east, north, and south sides.
40:17 xg3a the man brought me to the outer courtyard of the temple 0 Alternate translation: “The man brought me from outside the temple area into the outer courtyard of the temple”
40:17 xg73 outer courtyard 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5](../10/05.md).
40:17 jh6k Behold 0 The word “Behold” here indicates that Ezekiel saw something interesting.
40:17 x179 pavement 0 a flat floor that is made out of rocks
40:18 ywz8 went up to 0 Alternate translation: “went all the way to”
40:19 mlw7 the front of the lower gate to the front of the inner gate 0 The lower gate was on the wall of the outer courtyard, and the inner gate was on the wall of the inner courtyard. Alternate translation: “the front of the outer gate to the front of the inner gate”
40:19 c2lt cubits 0 See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md).
40:19 dsn2 the same on the north side 0 Alternate translation: “it was the same on the north side” or “on the north side, the distance from the outer gate to the inner gate was also one hundred cubits”
40:21 gsz4 chambers 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:7](../40/07.md).
40:21 rj4k portico 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
40:21 m2qv measured the same 0 Alternate translation: “had the same measurement”
40:21 at8s cubits 0 See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md).
40:21 m89e twenty-five cubits 0 about 13.5 meters
40:22 l4p5 Its windows 0 The word “Its” refers to the gate that was on the north side of the outer courtyard. Alternate translation: “The northern gate’s windows”
40:22 pvp1 chambers 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:7](../40/07.md).
40:22 lh6i corresponded to the gate that faced east 0 Alternate translation: “were like those of the eastern gate” or “were like those of the eastern gate of the outer courtyard”
40:23 jv26 inner courtyard 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
40:23 nnq1 in front of the gate facing north 0 Alternate translation: “directly across from the northern gate” or “across the outer courtyard from the northern gate”
40:23 iqj4 the gate facing north 0 Alternate translation: “the gate on the northern side of the outer courtyard”
40:23 abw3 just as also there was a gate to the east 0 Alternate translation: “just as there was a eastern gate to the inner courtyard” or “just as there was a gate to the inner courtyard in front of the eastern gate”
40:23 xs9g cubits 0 See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md).
40:23 qrf2 one hundred cubits 0 about 54 meters
40:24 slh4 measured the same as the other outer gates 0 Alternate translation: “had the same measurements as the northern and eastern gates”
40:25 m11s cubits 0 See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md).
40:37 rrg7 Its portico faced the outer courtyard 0 Alternate translation: “The entrance of its portico was toward the outer courtyard”
40:37 j3yy on either side of it 0 Alternate translation: “on both sides of it”
40:38 g6y4 by each of the inner gateways 0 Alternate translation: “in each of the inner gates”
40:38 wb45 they rinsed the burnt offerings 0 Here, the word **they** could mean: (1) the people who were bringing offerings or (2) the priests who killed the animals.
40:38 sg2q the burnt offerings 0 the animals that would be killed and burned as offerings
40:39 jkg2 There were two tables on each side of each portico 0 there were four tables—two on each side of each portico
40:39 k2nh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the burnt offering was slaughtered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they killed the burnt offering” or “they killed the animals that they would burn as an offering”
40:42 p8pq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit There were four tables of cut stone 0 These were apparently different tables than the eight tables on which the sacrifices were killed. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “There were also four tables of cut stone” or “There were four other tables made of cut stone”
40:43 a4as Two-pronged hooks a handbreadth in length were fastened in the portico all around 0 Alternate translation: “All around the portico, people had attached hooks that were a handbreadth long and had two prongs each”
40:43 n242 Two-pronged hooks 0 something that has two long curved points, which people can hang things on
40:43 cjr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance a handbreadth in length 0 about 8 centimeters
40:43 kg7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the flesh of the offerings would be put on the tables 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they would put the flesh of the offerings on the tables”
40:44 j5e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis one on the north side facing south, and the other on the south side facing north 0 The word “chamber” or “room” is understood from the previous phrase. The phrase “facing south” means that its door is on its south side, and “facing north” means that its door is on its north side. Alternate translation: “one room on the north side facing south, and the other room on the south side facing north”
40:45 udd6 This room facing south 0 This refers to the chamber on the north side of the inner courtyard. Alternate translation: “This room whose door is on its south side” or “This room on the north side of the inner courtyard”
40:45 v1a4 who are on duty in the temple 0 Alternate translation: “who are working in the temple” or “who are responsible for guarding the temple”
40:46 dz6w The room facing north 0 This refers to the room on the south side of the inner courtyard. The door of the room was on the north side of the room. Alternate translation: “This room whose door is on its north side” or “This room on the south side of the inner courtyard”
40:46 sk26 the priests on duty at the altar 0 Alternate translation: “the priests who were offering sacrifices on the altar”
40:46 x24w come near to Yahweh to serve him 0 Alternate translation: “approach Yahweh in his temple in order to serve him”
40:47 j222 he measured 0 Alternate translation: “the man measured”
40:47 dc8h cubits 0 See how you translated these “long” cubits in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md).
40:49 q4z1 columns 0 pieces of stone that were tall and narrow and supported the roof of the building
41:intro unn8 0 # Ezekiel 41 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nInstructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. This chapter focuses on the courtyard of the temple. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
41:1 w4s3 the temple’s holy place 0 the room in the temple in front of the “most holy place”
41:1 rh4q six cubits in width on either side 0 These cubits were the “long” cubits ([Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md)), 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). “they were six cubits in width on both sides”
41:1 f5xb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance six cubits 0 about 3.2 meters.
41:1 e7wk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance cubits 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md).
41:2 xq2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance ten cubits 0 about 5.4 meters
41:2 n3vw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance five cubits 0 about 2.7 meters
41:2 shy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance forty cubits 0 about 22 meters
41:2 m6xp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance twenty cubits 0 about 11 meters
41:3 ay36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance two cubits 0 about 1.1 meter
41:3 g9y3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance cubits 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md).
41:3 j4ib rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance six cubits 0 about 3.2 meters
41:3 tz5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance seven cubits 0 about 3.8 meters
41:4 u7xa rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance twenty cubits 0 about 11 meters
41:5 mj6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance six cubits 0 about 3.2 meters
41:5 j1kj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance cubits 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md).
41:6 m9sv three levels 0 Alternate translation: “three stories”
41:6 p4m5 There were ledges around the wall of the house 0 “The house had ledges all around for the side rooms all around.” This way the side rooms could rest on the ledge of the wall.
41:6 sy7s to support 0 Alternate translation: “so that the ledges could support”
41:6 u4ci for there was no support put in the wall of the house 0 “for there were no supports in the wall of the house.” The people who built the temple did not want stones or wood that would support the side rooms to be sticking out from the wall of the sanctuary.
41:8 hk9y a raised part 0 a platform
41:8 pt8f chambers 0 small rooms
41:8 xyb9 a full stick 0 Translate “stick” as in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md).
41:8 w315 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance cubits 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md).
41:8 jcs8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance six cubits 0 about 3.2 meters
41:9 wf7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance five cubits 0 about 2.7 meters
41:11 hej8 The width of this open area was five cubits all around 0 Alternate translation: “The entire space between the chambers and the temple was five cubits wide, all around the temple”
41:12 y1mz The building that faced the courtyard on the west side was seventy cubits in width 0 This can be stated as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “There was a building on the west side of the temple area, and its entrance was towards the courtyard. It was seventy cubits in width”
41:12 h18c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance seventy cubits … five cubits … ninety cubits 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). “70 cubits … 5 cubits … 90 cubits” or “about 38 meters … about 2.7 meters … about 49 meters”
41:13 lhy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance one hundred cubits 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). “100 cubits” or “about 54 meters”
41:15 bak3 the galleries 0 “the balconies.” The balconies were places that were built higher up than the rest of the building. People could go into balconies and look down on the main floor of the building.
41:15 w8jr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance one hundred cubits 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). “100 cubits” or “about 54 meters”
41:22 fh5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the wooden altar in front of the holy place, which was 0 These words are the end of the sentence that begins with the words “Their appearance was like the appearance of” in verse 21. This sentence could mean: (1) as it is translated in the ULT or (2) “The appearance of one was like the appearance of the other. The wooden altar in front of the holy place was.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “They appeared the same way the wooden altar in front of the holy place appeared. They were”
41:22 lqs8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance three cubits … two cubits 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 1.6 meters … about 1.1 meters”
41:23 wx5m There were double doors for the holy place and the most holy place 0 Alternate translation: “The holy place and the most holy place both had two doors”
41:24 p6xg These doors had two hinged door panels each 0 “Each door had two parts that were on hinges.” Hinges connect doors to the wall and allow the doors to swing.
41:24 eq5j two panels for one door and two panels for the other 0 Alternate translation: “both of the doors for both the holy place and the most holy place had two parts”
41:25 ik75 just as the walls were decorated 0 Alternate translation: “just as the walls also had carvings of cherubim and palm trees”
41:25 fd1y portico 0 covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
42:intro u94p 0 # Ezekiel 42 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nInstructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. This chapter focused on the storerooms for keeping the holy things of the temple. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
42:1 i2dg the outer courtyard 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 10:5](../10/05.md).
42:2 b17d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance one hundred cubits … fifty cubits 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “100 cubits … 50 cubits” or “about 54 meters … about 27 meters”
42:3 xw1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance twenty cubits 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “20 cubits” or “about 11 meters”
42:3 hd41 Some of those rooms faced the inner courtyard 0 Alternate translation: “Some of those rooms were toward the inner courtyard” or “The entrance of some of those rooms was toward the inner courtyard”
42:3 r38c inner courtyard 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
42:3 yg73 were open to them 0 Alternate translation: “looked out onto the inner courtyard”
42:3 jwp5 having a walkway 0 Alternate translation: “because there was a place where one could walk along the rooms”
42:3 im4u Some of the rooms looked out onto the outer courtyard 0 Alternate translation: “Some of the rooms were toward the outer courtyard” or “The entrance of some of the rooms was toward the outer courtyard”
42:4 k5dr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance ten cubits … one hundred cubits 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “10 cubits … 100 cubits” or “about 5.4 meters … about 54 meters”
42:7 p1zj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance fifty cubits 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “50 cubits” or “about 27 meters”
42:8 fs43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance fifty cubits … one hundred cubits 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “50 cubits … 100 cubits” or “about 27 meters … about 54 meters”
42:11 enm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns They were as the appearance of the rooms on the northern side 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The way the rooms on the northern side appeared was the way these rooms appeared”
42:16 e5i4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance five hundred cubits 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “500 cubits” or “about 270 meters”
42:20 kh7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance five hundred cubits 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “500 cubits” or “about 270 meters”
43:intro n8nq 0 # Ezekiel 43 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nInstructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. God entered the temple. He told the people not to defile the temple by being idol worshipers or by having the funerals of their kings in the temple courtyard. He also told them what offerings to make each day. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
43:2 qi98 Behold! 0 The word “Behold” here alerts the reader to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
43:2 e4w7 many waters 0 This simply means “a lot of water.” It could refer to a loud river or a large waterfall or the waves crashing at the ocean. All of these are very loud. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:24](../01/24.md).
43:2 m5fd the earth shone with his glory 0 Alternate translation: “the earth was full of bright light from his glory”
43:3 k5tf It was 0 Alternate translation: “The glory of God coming from the east was”
43:3 bi4l It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw, according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city 0 This could mean: (1) the second phrase beginning with “according to” explains the meaning of the first phrase beginning with “according to.” Alternate translation: “It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city” or (2) the first phrase refers to the vision that Ezekiel had just seen of God’s glory. Alternate translation: “The appearance of this vision that I saw was according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city”
43:3 s248 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns according to the appearance of the vision 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **appearance**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “just like what appeared in the vision”
43:3 akc5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche when he had come to destroy the city 0 “when the God of Israel had come to destroy the city.” If the earlier Hebrew reading “when I had come to destroy the city” is used, then “destroy the city” is a synecdoche for “prophesy that the city will be destroyed.” Alternate translation: “when I had come to prophesy that the city will be destroyed” or “when I had come to prophesy that the God of Israel will destroy the city”
43:7 p4vj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the corpses of their kings 0 The idols that the people’s kings worshiped are spoken of as if they are corpses because the idols are not alive. Alternate translation: “the lifeless idols that their kings worshiped”
43:8 z6lz They profaned 0 Alternate translation: “The Israelites profaned”
43:8 lyg4 disgusting actions 0 “the disgusting things they did.” God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:9](../05/09.md).
43:8 c7nz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom consumed them with my anger 0 The phrase “consumed” here means “completely destroyed.” Alternate translation: “completely destroyed them because I was angry”
43:9 mkm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the corpses of their kings 0 The idols that the people’s kings worshiped are spoken of as if they are corpses because the idols are not alive. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:7](../43/07.md). Alternate translation: “the lifeless idols that their kings worshiped”
43:11 e5qp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche before their eyes 0 Here the Israelites are referred to by their “eyes” to emphasize what they see. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:6](../21/06.md). Alternate translation: “before them” or “before the Israelite people”
43:13 s3d3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance a cubit 0 Each “long cubit” was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of “cubits” as the UST does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 54 centimeters”
43:13 mj2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance one span 0 A span was 23 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of “cubits” as the UST does. Alternate translation: “about 23 centimeters”
43:14 uab7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance two cubits … four cubits 0 Each “long cubit” was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of “cubits” as the UST does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 1.1 meters … about 2.2 meters”
43:15 spz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance four cubits 0 Each “long cubit” was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of “cubits” as the UST does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 2.2 meters”
43:16 xxn8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance twelve cubits 0 Each “long cubit” was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of “cubits” as the UST does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 2.2 meters”
43:17 erf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance fourteen cubits … a half cubit … a cubit 0 Each “long cubit” was about 54 centimeters. You may choose not to include this information if you give modern measurements instead of “cubits” as the UST does. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 7.6 meters … about 27 centimeters … about 54 centimeters”
43:17 swm9 with its steps facing east 0 Alternate translation: “with steps on the east side of the altar” or “and the altar’s steps are on its east side”
43:18 t97x he said 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh said”
43:18 g966 Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
43:18 e9g4 the regulations 0 Alternate translation: “the rules” or “the instructions”
43:19 kl54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you You will 0 The word “you” is singular.
43:19 q7f2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
43:20 w2ku rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Then you will take 0 The word “you” is singular. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:19](../43/19.md).
43:20 d2gh four horns 0 The horns were the parts of the altar at the four corners of the altar that stuck up above the rest of the altar. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:15](../43/15.md).
43:22 wq8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns you will offer 0 The word “you” and the command refer to Ezekiel and so are singular. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:19](../43/19.md). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
43:23 du6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns you finish … offer 0 All instances of “you” and the commands refer to Ezekiel and so are singular. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:19](../43/19.md). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
43:24 i436 Offer them before Yahweh 0 The altar on which they will sacrifice the bull and ram is in front of the temple, where the presence of Yahweh dwells.
43:25 kse4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns You must prepare 0 This is spoken to Ezekiel and so the word “You” is singular. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:19](../43/19.md). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
43:27 w2ig it will come about that 0 This phrase is used here to mark an important part of the instructions. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
43:27 c3ch rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns your burnt offerings … your peace offerings … accept you 0 The words “your” and “you” are second person plural and refer to the people of Israel in general. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
43:27 l94i will accept you 0 Alternate translation: “will gladly receive you”
44:intro jl5n 0 # Ezekiel 44 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nInstructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. Foreigners and the Levites who have worshiped idols are not allowed in the temple. The priests alone will do the temple work. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
44:1 zm7u to the outer sanctuary gate that faced east 0 Alternate translation: “to the outer sanctuary gate on the east side of the temple”
44:2 n9ff rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it will not be opened 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will open it”
44:2 zv5f the God of Israel 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:4](../08/04.md).
44:3 pv9b He will enter by way of the gate’s portico and go out the same way 0 He will enter the courtyard through another gate and then sit in the portico of the east gate and eat.
44:3 x28c portico 0 covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. In this case, the portico opens into the courtyard and is between the entrance to the temple and the inside of the gate. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
44:3 gk1x before Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “in front of Yahweh” or “in the presence of Yahweh”
44:4 ztc8 Then he 0 This could mean: (1) “Then the man” or (2) “Then Yahweh.”
44:4 qy4q behold 0 The word “behold” here shows that Ezekiel was surprised by what he saw.
44:4 r9tj the glory of Yahweh 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md).
44:4 sbu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I fell to my face 0 “I bowed down to the ground” or “I lay on the ground.” Ezekiel did not fall by accident. He went down to the ground to show that he respected and feared Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 1:28](../01/28.md).
44:5 ws2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom set your heart 0 “pay attention to” or “think about.” Translate as you translated “fix your mind on” in [Ezekiel 40:4](../40/04.md).
44:6 zau2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
44:6 az1c Let all of your disgusting actions be enough for you 0 Alternate translation: “Your disgusting actions have been more than enough for you” or “You have done far too many disgusting deeds”
44:6 bca6 disgusting actions 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:9](../05/09.md).
44:10 p8aq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor went far from me … wandered away from me, going after their idols 0 The way a person lives is spoken of as walking on a path. Alternate translation: “stopped worshiping me … stopped doing what I wanted them to do. Instead, they worshiped their idols”
44:11 bkp6 are servants in my sanctuary 0 Alternate translation: “will be the servants in my temple”
44:11 mm2d watching the gates of the house 0 Alternate translation: “performing guard duty at the gates of the house”
44:11 x5sq they will stand before the people and serve them 0 Alternate translation: “these Levites will stand before the people, so that they can serve the people”
44:12 q5px rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor became stumbling blocks for sin for the house of Israel 0 A person who causes another person to sin is spoken of as if he were something on a path over which people stumble. Alternate translation: “became people who caused the house of Israel to sin”
44:12 z6se rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
44:12 vr22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction I will lift up my hand to swear an oath 0 In those days a person would raise his right hand to show that he realized that God would punish him if he did not do what he swore to do. See how you translated these words in [Ezekiel 20:6](../20/06.md). Alternate translation: “I will solemnly swear”
44:12 pf4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
44:12 q681 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns they will bear their punishment 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **punishment**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will certainly punish them”
44:13 hx8g They 0 the Levites ([Ezekiel 44:10](../44/10.md))
44:13 ae27 They will not come near 0 “I will not permit them to come near.” Yahweh does not want them to come to him the way a servant comes to a king to receive commands, as the descendants of Zadok will do ([Ezekiel 40:46](../40/46.md)).
44:13 bca3 will bear their reproach and their guilt 0 Alternate translation: “will be ashamed and suffer when I punish them”
44:13 wq95 disgusting actions 0 “the disgusting things you do.” God was angry because the people were worshiping idols and false gods. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:9](../05/09.md).
44:14 er59 keepers 0 people who guard or take care of something
44:14 u8yv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that is done in it 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that they need to do in it”
44:22 u2pa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
44:24 ubl2 In a dispute they will stand to judge with my decrees 0 Alternate translation: “When people are arguing, they will be the ones who decide who is right by applying my laws”
44:27 zz6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
44:28 gcp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns you 0 The word “you” refers to the people of Israel and so is plural.
44:28 rs2h property 0 land that a person owns and uses to provide for the needs of his family
44:28 p1ts in Israel 0 Alternate translation: “in the land of Israel”
44:30 f4lm every contribution, anything from all of your contributions 0 Alternate translation: “every gift of whatever kind from all your gifts” or “all gifts of every sort of all of your gifts”
44:30 k6ar rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom so that blessing may rest on your house 0 This phrase means “so that I will bless your family and everything that belongs to you.”
44:31 ydb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive or animal torn by a beast, whether bird or beast 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “or any creature that a bird or a wild animal has torn apart”
45:intro csg9 0 # Ezekiel 45 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nInstructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. There should be an area around the temple complex for the homes of the priests and Levites who work at the temple. People should celebrate the festivals. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
45:1 j186 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance twenty-five thousand cubits in length … ten thousand cubits in width 0 Each cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits long … 10,000 cubits wide” or “about 13.5 kilometers long … about 5.4 kilometers wide”
45:2 ftd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance five hundred cubits … fifty cubits in width 0 Each cubit was about 54 centimeters. Alternate translation: “500 cubits … 50 cubits wide” or “about 270 meters … about 27 meters wide”
45:3 m67w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance twenty-five thousand cubits … ten thousand 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits … 10,000 cubits” or “about 13.5 kilometers … about 5.4 kilometers”
45:6 h2xy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance five thousand cubits … twenty-five thousand 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “5,000 cubits … 25,000 cubits” or “about 2.7 kilometers … about 13.5 kilometers”
45:6 s6nx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive reserved for the holy place 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that you gave for the holy place”
45:7 uk1u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The length will correspond to the length of one of those portions 0 It is implied that Ezekiel is comparing the prince’s land with the size of the land given to each of the tribes. Alternate translation: “The length will be the same as the length of one of the portions given to the tribes”
45:7 q8d9 from the west to the east 0 It is implied that these are the western and eastern borders of the land of Israel. “from the western border of Israel at the sea to the eastern border at the Jordan River”
45:8 gh1k This land will be property for the prince in Israel 0 Alternate translation: “This portion of the land will be the property of the prince among the people of Israel”
45:9 kn84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
45:11 s483 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume homer 0 about 220 liters
45:12 d171 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight shekel 0 about 11 grams
45:12 x539 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight gerahs 0 about 0.55 grams
45:12 na75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight mina 0 about 660 grams
45:13 cnf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit for every homer of wheat 0 It is implied that this is the amount of wheat that the people harvest. Alternate translation: “for every homer of wheat from the harvest”
45:15 j447 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive will be used for 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will use for”
45:17 kvb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Israel 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob over many years. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 3:1](../03/01.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group”
45:18 s8r4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person The Lord Yahweh says this 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this”
45:18 kwy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths In the first month, on the first day of the month 0 This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
45:18 zx5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you will take 0 The word “you” is singular and refers to whoever is the prince in Israel.
45:20 rnr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal on the seventh of the month 0 “on the seventh day of the first month”
45:20 yp7i for each person’s sin by accident or ignorance 0 Alternate translation: “for each person who had sinned without meaning to or because he did not know he was sinning” or “for each person who had sinned by accident or because he did not now what was right”
45:21 x1ac rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths In the first month on the fourteenth day of the month 0 This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
45:21 h44r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you for you 0 The word “you” is plural and refers to the prince and the rest of the people of the house of Israel.
45:24 a1wx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume an ephah 0 You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “twenty-two liters”
45:24 h4z8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume a hin 0 You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “four liters”
45:24 s3eh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume each ephah 0 You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “each twenty-two liters”
45:25 fn33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths In the seventh month on the fifteenth day of the month 0 This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of October. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
45:25 v9fx at the festival 0 This is a different festival from the festival Ezekiel was describing before.
46:intro b7h2 0 # Ezekiel 46 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nInstructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. This chapter focuses on many of the temple’s rules. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
46:1 pc25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person The Lord Yahweh says this 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this”
46:1 m74l The gate of the inner courtyard, facing east 0 Alternate translation: “the gate on the east side of the inner courtyard” or “the eastern gate of the inner courtyard”
46:1 w3m7 inner courtyard 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
46:2 j8bw inner gate 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:19](../40/19.md).
46:3 f1nt before Yahweh 0 See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 43:24](../43/24.md).
46:6 fe93 unblemished 0 perfectly healthy and normal
46:8 usc6 portico 0 covering in front of an entrance with columns or posts for support. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:16](../08/16.md).
46:9 rl4y before Yahweh 0 “in front of Yahweh” or “in the presence of Yahweh.” See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 44:3](../44/03.md).
46:9 a1p7 appointed festivals 0 Translate as you translated “appointed feasts” in [Ezekiel 36:37](../36/37.md).
46:12 fa81 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the gate facing east will be opened for him 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the Levites will open the gate facing east for him”
46:16 j4il rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person The Lord Yahweh says this 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to remind Ezekiel and the people that what he is saying is important. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:11](../06/11.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Lord Yahweh, say this”
46:22 pwg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance forty cubits … thirty 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “40 cubits … 30 cubits” or “about 21.6 meters … about 16.2 meters”
46:23 kg1g cooking hearths 0 places where people can build fire and cook food
47:intro m1ty 0 # Ezekiel 47 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nInstructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. There was a river flowing from the temple. The land was to be divided among the tribes. The landscape of Jerusalem will have changed in a significant way. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
47:1 ej9g to the right of the altar 0 This is the right side of the altar when a person looks at it while they are facing east, so it is on the south side of the altar. Alternate translation: “on the south side of the altar”
47:2 e7pw the gate facing east 0 Alternate translation: “the eastern gate” or “the eastern gate of the outer wall”
47:3 zm72 measuring line 0 a string or a rope that people use to measure longer distances
47:3 iz2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance one thousand cubits 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. Alternate translation: “1,000 cubits” or “about 540 meters”
47:5 a556 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive a river that could not be crossed 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a river that no one could cross on foot”
47:6 p6gu Son of man 0 God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Mortal person” or “Human”
47:6 ev96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion do you see this? 0 Yahweh is commanding Ezekiel to think about what he has just seen. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 8:15](../08/15.md). Alternate translation: “think about this.”
47:13 u197 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Joseph will have two portions 0 The person is a metonym for his descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph will receive two areas of land”
47:14 y4rk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction I lifted up my hand and swore 0 In those days a person would raise his right hand to show that he realized that God would punish him if he did not do what he swore to do.
47:23 w2zf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person this is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
48:intro lpq8 0 # Ezekiel 48 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nInstructions for the new temple and city continue in this chapter. There is more dividing of the land between the tribes in this chapter as well.
48:1 d7s2 one portion of land 0 Alternate translation: “one piece of the land that you will distribute”
48:8 t9ii rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance twenty-five thousand cubits 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits” or “13.5 kilometers”
48:9 k8kq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance twenty-five thousand cubits … ten thousand cubits 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits … 10,000 cubits” or “13.5 kilometers … 5.4 kilometers”
48:10 f9ke rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The priests will have land assigned to them 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The leaders of the Israelites will assign land to the priests”
48:10 z5ek rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance twenty-five thousand cubits … ten thousand cubits 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits … 10,000 cubits” or “13.5 kilometers … 5.4 kilometers”
48:12 z977 The offering for them will be a portion of this most holy land 0 Alternate translation: “This smaller portion within the holy portion of the land will belong to these priests, a portion that is more holy than the rest of the holy portion of the land”
48:13 a2ty rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance twenty-five thousand cubits … ten thousand cubits 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits … 10,000 cubits” or “13.5 kilometers … 5.4 kilometers”
48:14 eh61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor this firstfruits 0 “this land which is the firstfruits.” Here “firstfruits” probably means the best things among all the offerings set aside to give to God. This land is spoken of in that way, as land set aside for Yahweh’s use.
48:15 m618 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers five thousand cubits … twenty-five thousand cubits 0 “5,000 cubits … 25,000 cubits.” Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “almost 2.3 kilometers … about 13.5 kilometers” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
48:16 s31f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 4,500 cubits 0 “four thousand five hundred cubits.” Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 2.4 kilometers” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
48:17 mt45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 250 cubits 0 “two hundred and fifty cubits.” A cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 135 meters” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
48:18 ihu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers ten thousand cubits 0 “10,000 cubits.” A cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 5.4 kilometers” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
48:20 gl23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance twenty-five thousand cubits 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits” or “about 13.5 kilometers”
48:20 q1yu In this way you will make the holy offering of land, together with the land for the city. 0 Alternate translation: “You will offer the holy offering and also the property of the city”
48:21 c5zx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance twenty-five thousand cubits 0 Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “25,000 cubits” or “about 13.5 kilometers”
48:28 g789 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tamar … Meribah Kadesh 0 names of towns. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 47:19](../47/19.md).
48:28 i1hx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the brook of Egypt 0 a very large ravine in the northeast part of the Sinai. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 47:19](../47/19.md).
48:29 f7m3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you 0 This is plural and refers to the people of Israel.
48:29 tpg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person This is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “This is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “This is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared”
48:30 t8i6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 4,500 cubits 0 “four thousand five hundred cubits.” Each long cubit was about 54 centimeters. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 40:5](../40/05.md). Alternate translation: “about 2.4 kilometers” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
48:33 e317 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 4,500 cubits 0 “four thousand five hunded cubits.” This is about 2.4 kilometers. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
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