bahtraku_id_tn/tn_2TI.tsv

1	Reference	ID	Tags	SupportReference	Quote	Occurrence	Note
2	1:2	ub7c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Θεοῦ Πατρὸς	1	**Bapa** adalah gelar yang penting bagi Allah sebagai **Bapa** yang menggambarkan hubunganNya dengan **Yesus**, AnakNya.
3	1:2	dcr3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	Dalam surat ini, Paulus menggunakan kata **-kita** (our), **kami** (we), dan **kita** (us) untuk merujuk kepada Timotius dan dirinya sendiri atau kepada semua orang percaya, yang juga mencakup mereka berdua. Jadi, gunakanlah bentuk inklusif dari kata-kata tersebut di seluruh terjemahan Anda jika bahasa Anda menandai perbedaan itu.
4	1:5	l8wc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Λωΐδι & Εὐνίκῃ	1	Kata **Lois** dan **Eunike** adalah nama-nama wanita.
5	1:13	p017		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐν πίστει καὶ ἀγάπῃ τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	Jika bahasa Anda tidak menggunakan kata benda abstrak untuk gagasan mengenai kata **iman** dan **kasih**, Anda dapat mengekspresikan gagasan yang sama dengan cara yang berbeda. Terjemahan alternatifnya: “percaya dan mengasihi, yang dapat engkau lakukan dalam Kristus Yesus”
6	1:15	x6cc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Φύγελος & Ἑρμογένης	1	Kata **Figelus** dan **Hermogenes** adalah nama-nama pria.
7	1:16	e6hl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ὀνησιφόρου	1	Kata **Onesiforus** adalah nama seorang pria.
8	2:7	bdk9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	νόει ὃ λέγω	1	Here Paul means that Timothy should **Think about** what Paul has written about soldiers, athletes, and farmers ([2:4–6](../02/04.md)). He wants Timothy to apply these examples to himself as he serves Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Think about the examples I have given” or “Think about what I have said about soldiers, athletes, and farmers”
9	2:7	p036		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	δώσει & σοι & σύνεσιν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **understanding**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “will help you to understand”
10	2:7	a22q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν πᾶσιν	1	Here, the phrase **in everything** could refer to: (1) everything related to the three examples that Paul has given to Timothy in the previous verses. Alternate translation: “about everything that I have just said” or “about all those examples” (2) everything that Timothy needs to know to serve Jesus well. Alternate translation: “about everything that you need to know” or “about all things related to serving him”
11	2:8	rwlv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μνημόνευε	1	Here, the word **Remember** indicates that Timothy should think consistently about **Jesus Christ**. It does not imply that Timothy might completely forget about **Jesus Christ**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Concentrate on” or “Consistently think about”
12	2:8	y6ff		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events	ἐγηγερμένον ἐκ νεκρῶν, ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυείδ	1	Jesus was born **from the seed of David** before he was **raised from the dead**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses to express the ideas in sequential order. Alternate translation: “from the seed of David, having been raised from the dead”
13	2:8	wt31		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐγηγερμένον	1	Here, the word **raised** refers to someone who died coming back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable idiom or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “having been restored to life”
14	2:8	p038		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐγηγερμένον	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, Paul implies that God did it. Alternate translation: “whom God has raised”
15	2:8	ssfl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	Paul is using the adjective **dead** as a noun in order to refer to people who are **dead**. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “from among the dead people” or “from the corpses”
16	2:8	mh1k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυείδ	1	Here Paul speaks as if Jesus were a plant that grew from a **seed** that came from **David**. He means that Jesus is a descendant of **David**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who is descended from David”
17	2:8	s4vh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν μου	1	Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe the **gospel** that God gave to him to preach. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “according to the gospel message that I preach” or “according to the gospel that was given to me”
18	2:9	t2ax		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	μέχρι δεσμῶν	1	Here, **chains** represents imprisonment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “even to imprisonment” or “even up to being imprisoned”
19	2:9	p039		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ὡς κακοῦργος	1	Paul is saying that he is being treated **like a criminal** because he has been put in jail with those who break laws. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “like someone who has committed crimes” or “like someone who has disobeyed the government”
20	2:9	pc6t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται	1	Here Paul speaks as if **the word of God** could have been **bound**, as Paul has been. However, even when Paul is in jail and cannot preach the gospel in many places, **the word of God** cannot be restrained or contained in one place. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the word of God cannot be restrained as a prisoner can be restrained by chains” or “nothing is holding back the message from God”
21	2:9	p040		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “nothing has bound the word of God” or “nobody has bound the word of God”
22	2:9	c3qb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe a **word** that comes from God. Alternate translation: “the word that comes from God”
23	2:9	p041		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ὁ λόγος	1	Here, **word** represents the gospel, which people speak using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the gospel”
24	2:10	uywb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	διὰ τοῦτο, πάντα ὑπομένω	1	The pronoun **this** could refer to: (1) what Paul said in the previous verse about how God’s word is not bound. Alternate translation: “Because God’s word has not been bound, I endure all things” (2) what Paul is about to say about **the elect** and their **salvation**. Alternate translation: “Here is why I endure all things:”
25	2:10	p042		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	πάντα ὑπομένω	1	Paul says **all** here as an overstatement to emphasize that he endures every bad thing that happens to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “I endure all of these sufferings” or “I endure many things”
26	2:11-13	p045		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks	εἰ γὰρ συναπεθάνομεν, καὶ συνζήσομεν & εἰ ὑπομένομεν, καὶ συνβασιλεύσομεν; εἰ ἀρνησόμεθα, κἀκεῖνος ἀρνήσεται ἡμᾶς & εἰ ἀπιστοῦμεν, ἐκεῖνος πιστὸς μένει; ἀρνήσασθαι γὰρ ἑαυτὸν οὐ δύναται	1	Kata-kata ini adalah **pernyataan** yang Paulus bagikan kepada Timotius. Untuk menunjukkan hal ini, ULT dan UST memberikan tanda petik di sekeliling kata-kata ini. Jika akan membantu dalam bahasa Anda, Anda dapat menggunakan tanda petik atau bentuk lain untuk menunjukkan kata mana yang diperkenalkan Paulus sebagai kata tersebut.
27	2:17	x2k6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ὑμέναιος, καὶ Φίλητος	1	Kata **Himeneus** dan **Filetus** adalah nama-nama pria.
28	2:19	p059		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ἔγνω Κύριος τοὺς ὄντας αὐτοῦ, καί, ἀποστήτω ἀπὸ ἀδικίας πᾶς ὁ ὀνομάζων τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου	1	Di sini Paulus memperkenalkan sebuah kutipan dan ringkasan yang keduanya berasal dari Kitab Suci Perjanjian Lama. Kutipan pertama berasal dari [Bilangan 16:5](../num/16/05.md). Paulus mengutip kata-kata ini dari terjemahan kuno ke dalam bahasa Timotius. Kutipan kedua adalah ringkasan dari banyak ayat dalam Perjanjian Lama. Jika akan membantu pembaca Anda, Anda dapat memformat kata-kata ini sebagai kutipan, seperti yang dilakukan oleh ULT dan UST, dan Anda dapat menyertakan informasi tentang kutipan tersebut dalam catatan kaki.
29	3:intro	k2cr				0	# 2 Timothy 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n5. Instructions for opposing false teaching (2:14–4:8)\n * False teachers in the last days (3:1–9)\n * Instructions to Timothy to remain faithful (3:10–15)\n * The nature of Scripture (3:16–17)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The last days\n\nMany Christians understand the phrase “last days” ([3:1](../03/01.md)) to refer to the entire time from when Jesus first came to when he will return, which includes Paul’s time. If so, then what Paul says about false teachers and evil people applies to his time, the present time, and the future. In contrast, some Christians understand the phrase “last days” to refer to a time in the future just before Jesus returns. If that is the meaning, then what Paul says about false teachers and evil people applies primarily to the future. Since Christians disagree about what time period the phrase “last days” refers to, if possible use a phrase that is general enough to allow for several interpretations. See the notes on [3:1](../03/01.md) for translation options.\n\n### Jannes and Jambres\n\nIn [3:8–9](../03/08.md), Paul refers to two men named Jannes and Jambres. These were the traditional names in Paul’s culture for two of the sorcerers or magicians who served Pharaoh, the king of Egypt. When God told Moses to tell Pharaoh to release the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, Jannes and Jambres opposed Moses by doing the same kind of miracle that he did (see [Exodus 7:8–13](../exo/07/08.md)). However, later on they were not able to imitate the miracles that Moses did (see [Exodus 8:18–19](../exo/08/18.md)), and they were even affected directly by one of the miracles that Moses did (see [Exodus 9:11](../exo/09/11.md)). Paul compares the false teachers he is speaking about to these two men. Just like Jannes and Jambres, they oppose what is true but will eventually be proven foolish. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include some of this information in a footnote.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### “God-breathed”\n\nIn [3:16](../03/16.md), Paul states that all Scripture is “God-breathed.” This is an important metaphor that indicates that God is the origin of Scripture as surely as if it were a breath that he had exhaled. This means that Scripture contains God’s words and is as true and reliable as God himself is. Paul does not mean that Scripture was not written by humans. Rather, Paul means that God enabled and guided humans as they wrote Scripture so that it truly is God’s words. If possible, preserve this important metaphor or express the idea in simile form. See the notes on this verse for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
30	3:1	dtw5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that Paul wants to write about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next idea, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Now”
31	3:1	k9xi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo	τοῦτο & γίνωσκε, ὅτι	1	The expression **know this, that** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “know that”
32	3:1	g65r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις	1	Here, the phrase **last days** refers to the period of time before Jesus comes back. Christians have different understandings about whether Paul believed that this time period had already begun or would begin sometime in the future. If possible, your translation should refer to this time period without indicating whether it had already begun. Alternate translation: “during the time before Jesus’ second coming” or “in the final time period”
33	3:1	n7gs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐνστήσονται καιροὶ χαλεποί	1	Here Paul implies that the **times** will be **difficult** for believers because of what other people do and say that may harm or injure them (see [3:2–5](../03/02.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “believers will face difficult situations” or “believers will be in danger”
34	3:2	b1z2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why the times will be difficult. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “That is because” or “Here is why:”
35	3:2	wh7c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	οἱ ἄνθρωποι	1	The phrase **the men** represents people in general, not one particular set of **men**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “men”
36	3:2	p075		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	οἱ ἄνθρωποι	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “the men and women”
37	3:2	jb27		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	φίλαυτοι	1	Here, the phrase **lovers of self** refers people who love themselves more than they love other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “lovers of themselves more than others” or “lovers of themselves most of all”
38	3:3	ks9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ἀφιλάγαθοι	1	Paul is using the adjective **good** as a noun to mean good things and actions. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “not lovers of good things”
39	3:4	d6ng		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τετυφωμένοι	1	Here Paul speaks of proud people as if it they were **puffed up** by air. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “conceited”
40	3:4	p076		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τετυφωμένοι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “proud” or “haughty”
41	3:5	aagz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἔχοντες μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας, τὴν δὲ δύναμιν αὐτῆς ἠρνημένοι	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **godliness** and **power**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “seeming to be godly, but denying how powerful being godly really is”
42	3:5	k5dc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔχοντες μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας	1	Here, the phrase **a form of godliness** refers to the appearance of **godliness**. In other words, these people appear to be acting in godly ways. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “seeming to have godliness” or “looking like people characterized by godliness”
43	3:5	xjxa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν & δύναμιν αὐτῆς ἠρνημένοι	1	Here Paul implies that these people refuse to experience and act upon the **power** that comes with real godliness. In other words, they do not actually do what is godly, and they do not allow God to change them so that they become more godly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “refusing to experience its power” or “ignoring the work that it requires”
44	3:5	p077		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	καὶ	1	Here, the word **And** introduces an inference based on what Paul has said about these people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an inference, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “So”
45	3:5	xm1c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τούτους ἀποτρέπου	1	Here Paul speaks of avoiding people as if it were turning **away from** them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “turn your back on these” or “avoid these”
46	3:5	p078		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τούτους	1	Paul is using the adjective **these** as a noun to mean the people he has been describing. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “these people” or “the kind of people I have described”
47	3:6	edvm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γάρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why Timothy should “turn away from these” people (see [3:5](../03/05.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a command, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Turn away from them because” or “I say that because”
48	3:6	yvp3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ἐκ τούτων	1	Paul is using the adjective **these** as a noun to mean the people he has described in the previous verses. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. See how you translated the word “these” in [3:5](../03/05.md). Alternate translation: “from these people” or “from the kind of people I have described”
49	3:6	la4m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οἱ ἐνδύνοντες εἰς τὰς οἰκίας	1	Here Paul is referring to how these people visit other people’s homes. The word translated **entering** implies that these people used false pretenses and deception to visit these homes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the ones using deceit to enter into households” or “the ones sneaking into other people’s households”
50	3:6	gu4b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	αἰχμαλωτίζοντες	1	Here Paul speaks about how these people influence **little women** as if they were **taking** these women **captive**. He means that they gain control and power over these women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “gaining influence over” or “manipulating”
51	3:6	u9m5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	γυναικάρια	1	Here, Paul refers to the **women** who are deceived by the false teachers as if they were physically **little**. He could mean that: (1) these women are spiritually weak and immature. Alternate translation: “women who are spiritually weak” (2) gullible or easily deceived. Alternate translation: “gullible women” or “silly women”
52	3:6	e9ex		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	σεσωρευμένα ἁμαρτίαις	1	Paul speaks of these women’s **sins** as if they were **heaped** on their backs. He could mean that: (1) these women sin often or even continually. Alternate translation: “who sin frequently” (2) these women feel terrible guilt because of their sins. Alternate translation: “who feel very guilty for their sins”
53	3:6	p079		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	σεσωρευμένα ἁμαρτίαις	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could indicate that they themselves did. Alternate translation: “who carry many sins” “having heaped themselves with sins”
54	3:6	izz9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	ἀγόμενα ἐπιθυμίαις ποικίλαις	1	Paul speaks about these **various desires** as if they could physically lead the women away. He means that these women do whatever they desire without trying to control themselves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “following various desires” or “always doing the various things that they desire”
55	3:6	p080		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀγόμενα ἐπιθυμίαις ποικίλαις	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “various desires leading them away”
56	3:7	qxz4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ	1	Here, the word **and** introduces something that contrasts with how these women are **always learning**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a contrast. Alternate translation: “yet”
57	3:7	p082		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μηδέποτε εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας ἐλθεῖν δυνάμενα	1	Here Paul speaks of the **knowledge of the truth** as if it were a destination at which people could arrive. He is indicating that these women cannot gain the **knowledge of the truth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “never able to grasp knowledge of the truth” or “never able to gain knowledge of the truth”
58	3:7	akxp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **knowledge** and **truth**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “to know the true teaching”
59	3:8	p084		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Ἰάννης καὶ Ἰαμβρῆς ἀντέστησαν Μωϋσεῖ	1	Here Paul refers to something that happened when God sent **Moses** to tell Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, to set the Israelites free. When Moses performed a miracle, some of the magicians and sorcerers who served Pharaoh also performed that miracle. In this way, they tried to prevent **Moses** from doing what God had told him to do. You can read this story in [Exodus 7:8–13](../exo/07/08.md). While the names of these magicians are not mentioned in the story in Exodus, their traditional names are **Jannes** and **Jambres**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make some of this information more explicit, or you could include a footnote that gives this information. Alternate translation: “Jannes and Jambres, who were two of Pharaoh’s sorcerers, opposed Moses when he spoke to Pharaoh”
60	3:8	b8el		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἰάννης καὶ Ἰαμβρῆς	1	The words **Jannes** and **Jambres** are names of men.
61	3:8	p085		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	οὗτοι	1	Here, as in [3:5](../03/05.md), Paul is using the adjective **these** as a noun to refer to the false teachers that he has described. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “these people” or “the kind of people I have described”
62	3:8	p086		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῇ ἀληθείᾳ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the true teaching”
63	3:8	p083		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἄνθρωποι	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “men and women”
64	3:8	p087		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	κατεφθαρμένοι τὸν νοῦν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was they themselves. Alternate translation: “whose mind is corrupt” or “who have corrupted their mind”
65	3:8	g4kk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	τὸν νοῦν	1	If it would not be natural in your language to speak as if a group of people had only one **mind**, you could use the plural form of that word in your translation. Alternate translation: “in their minds”
66	3:8	sppy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν	1	Here Paul implies that, when God tests the **faith** of these people, he will not approve of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “whose faith is not approved by God”
67	3:8	qtij		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	περὶ τὴν πίστιν	1	Here, the word **faith** could refer to: (1) the act of having **faith** in Jesus. Alternate translation: “concerning the faith that they claim to have” (2) what people believe about Jesus when they have **faith** in him. Alternate translation: “concerning what Christians believe”
68	3:8	pfh1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	περὶ τὴν πίστιν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Make sure that your translation fits with the option you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “in how they claim to believe in Jesus”
69	3:9	x9kx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀλλ’	1	Here, the word **But** introduces what will happen to these false teachers in contrast to what they are trying to do, which is to oppose the truth (see [3:8](../03/08.md)) If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “Despite that,” or “Although they try to oppose the truth”
70	3:9	c6xx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οὐ προκόψουσιν ἐπὶ πλεῖον	1	Here Paul speaks of people having success in teaching as if they were advancing **further** in a direction. He means that these people will cease to have success in teaching. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they will not be able to teach even more people” or “they will not succeed in continuing to teach”
71	3:9	funz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἡ & ἄνοια αὐτῶν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **foolishness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “how foolish they are”
72	3:9	ffy0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	πᾶσιν	1	Paul is using the adjective **all** as a noun to mean all people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “to all people”
73	3:9	mv4j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	πᾶσιν	1	Paul says **all** here as an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “to most”
74	3:9	z4fu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ἡ ἐκείνων	1	Paul is using the adjective **that** as a noun to mean foolishness. He is using the adjective **those** to refer to Jannes and Jambres, Pharaoh’s magicians. Your language may use adjectives in these same ways. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “the foolishness of Jannes and Jambres”
75	3:9	yfep		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἐγένετο	1	Paul is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “became obvious”
76	3:9	v6wd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐγένετο	1	Here Paul is referring to how Pharaoh’s magicians failed to oppose Moses. They could not copy some of the miracles that Moses did (see [Exodus 8:18–19](../exo/08/18.md)), and they were affected by other miracles that Moses did (see [Exodus 9:11](../exo/09/11.md)). In that way, everyone realized that they were foolish. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make some of that information more explicit or include the information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “became when they failed to stop Moses”
77	3:10	ioph		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	σὺ δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces how Timothy behaves in contrast to how the false teachers behave. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “You, however,” or “As for you, though, you”
78	3:10	vw42		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	σὺ & παρηκολούθησάς	1	Here Paul speaks as if Timothy **followed** the things that Paul has done and experienced. He means that Timothy has paid attention to these things and imitates how Paul does and experiences them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you have observed and emulated” or “you have modeled your behavior on”
79	3:10-11	wma6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	μου τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ, τῇ ἀγωγῇ, τῇ προθέσει, τῇ πίστει, τῇ μακροθυμίᾳ, τῇ ἀγάπῃ, τῇ ὑπομονῇ & τοῖς διωγμοῖς, τοῖς παθήμασιν, οἷά	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for some or all of the ideas in this list, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “what I teach, how I conduct myself, what I have chosen to do, how I have believed, how patient I am, how I love others, how I endure everything, how I am persecuted, and how I suffer. Things such as those”
80	3:11	lk0g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οἷά	1	Here, the phrase **such as** could refer back to: (1) just the **sufferings**. Alternate translation: “sufferings such as those that” (2) both the **sufferings** and the **persecutions**. Alternate translation: “sufferings and persecutions such as those that”
81	3:11	p093		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οἵους διωγμοὺς ὑπήνεγκα	1	Here, the phrase **what kind of persecutions I endured** could be: (1) a further definition of what Paul experienced in the three cities to which he has referred. Alternate translation: “how I endured various persecutions” (2) an explanation that indicates how much Paul experienced. Alternate translation: “what persecutions I endured!” or “I endured so many persecutions!”
82	3:11	q4j5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	οἵους διωγμοὺς ὑπήνεγκα	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **persecutions**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “how I was persecuted and had to endure it”
83	3:11	a0bt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ	1	Here, the word **And** introduces what **the Lord** did in contrast to what Paul was experiencing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “And yet” or “But”
84	3:12	ke7f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ & δὲ	1	Here, the phrase **But also** introduces the idea that what has been true for Paul will be true for all true believers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an expansion or further application of an idea. Alternate translation: “In fact,” or “Beyond that,”
85	3:12	xm9l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πάντες & οἱ θέλοντες ζῆν εὐσεβῶς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ διωχθήσονται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “people will persecute all the ones wanting to live godly in Christ Jesus”
86	3:12	nhwa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	Here Paul uses the spatial metaphor **in Christ Jesus** to describe the union of believers with **Christ Jesus**. In this case, being **in Christ Jesus**, or united to **Christ Jesus**, is how believers **live piously**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that indicates that believers can **live** in this way because of their union with **Christ Jesus**. Alternate translation: “in union with Christ Jesus” or “as those who are united to Christ Jesus”
87	3:13	hsq7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces what happens to **evil men and impostors** in contrast with what happens to people who want to live in godly ways. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “However,” or “In contrast,”
88	3:13	p094		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἄνθρωποι	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “men and women”
89	3:13	xo4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	πονηροὶ & ἄνθρωποι καὶ γόητες	1	Here, the phrase **evil men and impostors** could: (1) refer to two different groups of people. Alternate translation: “men who are evil and men who are impostors” (2) describe one group of people using two terms connected with **and**. Alternate translation: “evil people who are impostors” or “evil impostors”
90	3:13	imc8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	προκόψουσιν ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον	1	Here Paul speaks of these people as if they could physically **advance** or progress in a certain direction, and he speaks of **the worse** as that direction. He means that these people become **worse** and **worse**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will grow worse and worse” or “will be characterized by being increasingly worse”
91	3:13	p095		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον	1	Paul is using the adjective **worse** as a noun to mean behavior and character that is worse. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “to worse behavior” or “to worse character”
92	3:13	eyx5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι	1	Here Paul speaks as if the **evil men and impostors** could literally lead people **astray** and be **led astray**. He means that they will deceive others and be deceived themselves. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causing people to believe what is wrong and themselves believing what is wrong”
93	3:13	p096		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πλανώμενοι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “others leading them astray”
94	3:14	r7hw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	σὺ δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces how Timothy should behave in contrast to how the false teachers behave. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces that kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “You, however” or “As for you, though”
95	3:14	rob2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	μένε ἐν οἷς ἔμαθες καὶ ἐπιστώθης, εἰδὼς παρὰ τίνων ἔμαθες	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “you know from whom you learned what you learned and were convinced of. So, remain in those things, knowing that truth”
96	3:14	ytg9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μένε ἐν	1	Here Paul speaks as if what Timothy **learned** and was **convinced of** were place in which Timothy could **remain**. He means that Timothy should continue to believe and trust those things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “continue to trust” or “maintain”
97	3:14	p097		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐπιστώθης	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “were confident about”
98	3:14	aajp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰδὼς παρὰ τίνων ἔμαθες	1	Here Paul implies that Timothy knows that these people are trustworthy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “knowing that the people from whom you learned are trustworthy”
99	3:15	y8su		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἀπὸ βρέφους	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **childhood**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “since you were an infant”
100	3:15	p098		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	εἰς σωτηρίαν διὰ πίστεως τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **salvation** and **faith**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “so that you are saved through believing in Christ Jesus”
101	3:15	blt8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	Here Paul uses the spatial metaphor **in Christ Jesus** to describe the union of believers with Christ. In this case, being **in Christ Jesus**, or united to **Christ Jesus**, explains how Timothy can have **faith**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that indicates that Timothy can have **faith** as one who has been united to **Christ Jesus**. Alternate translation: “that you have in your union with Christ Jesus” or “that comes from being united to Christ Jesus”
102	3:16	dz99		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πᾶσα Γραφὴ θεόπνευστος καὶ ὠφέλιμος	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has breathed out all Scripture, and it is profitable”
103	3:16	s274		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πᾶσα Γραφὴ θεόπνευστος καὶ	1	Here Paul speaks as if God had **breathed** all **Scripture**. He means that God is the one who spoke or gave **Scripture** through his Spirit. In other words, **All Scripture** has its origin in God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “All Scripture comes from God, as if he had breathed it out, and it” or “All Scripture is produced by God and” or “All Scripture originates in God and”
104	3:16	hvr1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πᾶσα Γραφὴ	1	Here, the phrase translated as **All Scripture** refers to what we call the Old Testament. Paul could be referring to: (1) the entirety of **Scripture**. Alternate translation: “The whole of Scripture” (2) each of the individual scriptures. Alternate translation: “Every scripture”
105	3:16	uv35		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὠφέλιμος	1	Here Paul could be implying that Scripture is **profitable**: (1) for someone to use in the following ways. Alternate translation: “is profitable for people to use for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for training in righteousness” (2) as it functions in the following ways for those who read or hear it. Alternate translation: “is profitable for our teaching, for our reproof, for our correction, for our training in righteousness”
106	3:16	vl2n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	πρὸς διδασκαλίαν, πρὸς ἐλεγμόν, πρὸς ἐπανόρθωσιν, πρὸς παιδείαν τὴν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for some or all of the ideas in this list, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “for instructing, for reproving, for correcting, for training to be righteous”
107	3:17	v9w3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ἵνα	1	Here, the phrase **so that** could introduce: (1) a result that comes from how Scripture is God-breathed and profitable in the ways that Paul has described. Alternate translation: “and so” (2) a purpose for which Scripture is God-breathed and profitable in the ways that Paul has described. Alternate translation: “in order that”
108	3:17	h675		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος	1	Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who serves and obeys **God**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translations: “the man who obeys God” or “the man who worships God”
109	3:17	nstf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος	1	The word **man** represents men in general, not one particular man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “men of God”
110	3:17	nb12		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος	1	Although the term **man** is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “the person of God”
111	3:17	uu7i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	ἄρτιος & πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἐξηρτισμένος	1	The terms **complete** and **equipped for every good work** mean similar things. Paul is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “fully equipped for every good work” or “fully capable for every good work”
112	3:17	p099		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐξηρτισμένος	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “having everything he needs” or “one whom God has equipped”
113	4:intro	k2xa				0	# 2 Timothy 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n5. Instructions for opposing false teaching (2:14–4:8)\n * Paul gives a solemn charge to Timothy (4:1–8)\n6. Travel plans and news (4:9–18)\n7. Greetings (4:19–21)\n8. Letter closing (4:22)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Paul’s situation and his defense\n\nIn this chapter, Paul writes about how many people abandoned him and failed to support at his “first defense.” These people behaved in that way because Paul had been accused of acting against the Roman Empire. While he was waiting to defend himself at his trial, he was held as a prisoner, almost certainly in the capital of the empire, Rome. By the time he wrote this letter, he had already had his “first defense,” which was the first time he appeared in court to defend himself against the accusations. Paul implies that the judge did not decide what to do with him, so Paul would have to appear in court at least one more time. So, people abandoned Paul because they might also be arrested and accused if they stayed with him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include some of this information in a footnote.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Sports and military metaphors\n\nIn [4:7–8](../04/07.md), Paul speaks as if he were a soldier who has fought well and an athlete who has competed well. Just as athletes in his culture received crowns when they won, so Paul is sure that he will receive a “crown” from Jesus. Paul means that he has persisted in believing in and serving Jesus, even when it was difficult, and he is sure that Jesus will reward him for that. If possible, preserve these metaphors or express the ideas in simile form. See the notes on these verses for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
114	4:1	eh3x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula	διαμαρτύρομαι ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ, τοῦ μέλλοντος κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς, καὶ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ	1	Here Paul puts Timothy under oath, making him swear by **God** and **Christ Jesus**, that he will do what Paul is about to write. Also, he wants Timothy to be as sure about doing what Paul is about to write as Timothy is sure about Jesus’ **appearing** and **kingdom**. Use a natural way in your language to express this kind of oath. Alternate translation: “I make you swear before God and Christ Jesus, the one being about to judge living and dead, and as you think about his appearing and his kingdom” or “I require that you solemnly promise God and Christ Jesus, the one being about to judge living and dead, that you will do what I am about to write, and I want you to guarantee it as much as Jesus’ appearing and kingdom are guaranteed”
115	4:1	p100		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς	1	Paul is using the adjectives **living** and **dead** as nouns to mean people who are living and people who are dead. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “those who are still alive and those who are dead”
116	4:1	z1uq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	καὶ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ	1	Many ancient manuscripts read **and by his appearing**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “according to his appearing.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
117	4:1	lwt2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ	1	Here, the phrase **his appearing** refers to when Jesus will come back to this world, which is when he will **judge** everyone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “by his second coming”
118	4:2	j2z7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸν λόγον	1	Here, **word** represents the gospel, which people speak using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the gospel” or “God’s message”
119	4:2	o1ea		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐπίστηθι	1	Here Paul speaks as if Timothy should **stand by** something. He could mean that Timothy: (1) should be ready or prepared to preach the gospel. Alternate translation: “be prepared” (2) should be persistent in preaching the gospel. Alternate translation: “be persistent”
120	4:2	zzh4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εὐκαίρως, ἀκαίρως	1	Here Paul could be implying that it will be opportune sometimes and inopportune sometimes for: (1) Timothy’s audience. Alternate translation: “when people are ready to hear and when people are not ready to hear” or “when people are receptive and when they are not” (2) Timothy. Alternate translation: “when it is convenient for you and when it is not”
121	4:2	p102		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	ἐν πάσῃ μακροθυμίᾳ καὶ διδαχῇ	1	Here, the words **patience** and **teaching** could: (1) describe two separate things. Alternate translation: “with all patience and with all teaching” (2) refer to one thing described with two words connected by **and**. Alternate translation: “with all patient teaching” or “with teaching that is very patient”
122	4:2	g5r0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐν πάσῃ μακροθυμίᾳ καὶ διδαχῇ	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **patience** and **teaching**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “and act very patiently and teach as you do so”
123	4:3	t6p3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a basis for the commands that Paul gave in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a basis for a command, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Here is why I command those things:” or “I urge you to do those things because”
124	4:3	jv7a			ἔσται & καιρὸς ὅτε	1	Alternate translation: “the time will come when” or “here is what will eventually happen:”
125	4:3	ilx7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	οὐκ ἀνέξονται	1	The pronoun **they** refers to people in general with a special focus on people who claim to be believers. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to those people more directly. Alternate translation: “those who claim to be believers will not endure” or “some people will not endure”
126	4:3	u2cc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	οὐκ ἀνέξονται	1	Here, the phrase **bear with** refers to listening to something charitably. Paul means that these people no longer be willing to listen to **the healthy teaching**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they will not listen patiently to” or “they will not accept”
127	4:3	fyl3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῆς ὑγιαινούσης διδασκαλίας	1	Here Paul speaks as if **teaching** could be **healthy**. He means that this **teaching** is good and reliable in every way and has no defect or corruption. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the teaching that is like healthy food” or “the correct teaching”
128	4:3	m3bx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	κατὰ τὰς ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας, ἑαυτοῖς ἐπισωρεύσουσιν διδασκάλους	1	Here, the phrase **according to their own desires** could modify: (1) the phrase **heap up for themselves**. Alternate translation: “according to their own desires they will heap up for themselves teachers” (2) the word **teachers**. Alternate translation: “they will heap up for themselves teachers who teach according to these people’s own desires”
129	4:3	e5t2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἑαυτοῖς ἐπισωρεύσουσιν διδασκάλους	1	Paul speaks of how these people gather many **teachers** as if they were heaping these teachers up in a pile. Paul implies that these **teachers** teach many different things that are wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they will gather many different teachers” or “they will listen to many different false teachers”
130	4:3	s375		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν	1	Here Paul speaks as if these people had an **ear** that was **itching**, and the only way to scratch the itch was to hear what they wanted to hear. He means that these people want to hear things that make them feel good about themselves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “wanting to hear what they like” or “desiring to be told things that make them feel good about themselves”
131	4:3	p104		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	τὴν ἀκοήν	1	If it would not be natural in your language to speak as if a group of people had only one **ear**, you could use the plural form of that word in your translation. Alternate translation: “in their ears”
132	4:4	rh2i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀπὸ μὲν τῆς ἀληθείας τὴν ἀκοὴν ἀποστρέψουσιν	1	Paul speaks about people no longer paying attention as if they were physically turning their ears away so that they could not hear. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable metaphor or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they will no longer pay attention to the truth”
133	4:4	p105		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	τὴν ἀκοὴν	1	If it would not be natural in your language to speak as if a group of people had only one **ear**, you could use the plural form of that word in your translation. Alternate translation: “their ears”
134	4:4	gra7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῆς ἀληθείας	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the true teaching”
135	4:4	p106		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐπὶ & ἐκτραπήσονται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the teachers they gathered. Alternate translation: “their teachers will turn them away to”
136	4:4	xrv7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐπὶ & ἐκτραπήσονται	1	Here Paul speaks about people paying attention to **myths** as if someone were getting them to turn away in the wrong direction. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “be distracted by” or “start paying attention to”
137	4:4	s7yt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τοὺς μύθους	1	The word **myths** refers to a certain kind of story that is generally considered to be untrustworthy. This kind of story is often about what important people did a long time ago. Often, many people in a culture know these stories but do not consider them to be reliable historical narratives. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of story, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “fictional narratives” or “traditional tales”
138	4:5	xu9r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	σὺ δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces how Timothy should behave in contrast to how the people he has been describing behave. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces that kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “You, however” or “As for you, though”
139	4:5	ehz7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	νῆφε	1	Here Paul speaks as if he wants Timothy to avoid getting drunk so that he is **sober**. While Paul did write that Christians should not get drunk (see [Ephesians 5:18](../eph/05/18.md)), here he primarily means that Timothy should control himself and be alert. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “stay alert” or “be self-controlled”
140	4:5	rmva			ἐν πᾶσιν	1	Alternate translation: “in every situation” or “in everything”
141	4:5	rsf0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	κακοπάθησον	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **hardship**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “When bad things are going to happen to you, be willing to experience them” or “Be willing to be hurt”
142	4:5	tv3k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	ἔργον & εὐαγγελιστοῦ	1	Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe **work** that **an evangelist** does. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the work that an evangelist does”
143	4:5	dqn6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὴν διακονίαν σου πληροφόρησον	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **service**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Serve in all the ways that you should” or “Serve in every way that is required of you”
144	4:6	p107		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why Timothy should do the things that Paul has commanded him to do in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a command, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “I command those things because” or “Here is why I say those things:”
145	4:6	sh23		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐγὼ & ἤδη σπένδομαι	1	Here Paul describes himself as if he were the wine that people in his culture would pour on a sacrifice before they offered it to God. He means that he is experiencing the final days of his life, and both these days and his death will honor God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I am nearing the end of my life, which is like being poured out as an offering” or “I honor God as I experience the last days of my life”
146	4:6	p108		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐγὼ & ἤδη σπένδομαι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God is already pouring me out as an offering”
147	4:6	fb7l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	τῆς ἀναλύσεώς μου	1	Paul is referring to his death in a polite way by using the phrase **my departure**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “when I will pass away” or “of my death”
148	4:7	d9ts		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι	1	Here, Paul speaks about how he has persevered in believing in and obeying Jesus as if he had been a warrior fighting in a **good fight** or an athlete doing his best to win an event. He means that he has encountered opposition, pain, and problems, but he has persisted and persevered in believing in and obeying Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have lived as if I were fighting a good fight” or “I have persevered, no matter how hard it was”
149	4:7	v7we		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα	1	Here, the phrase **the good fight** could indicate: (1) that the **fight** is right or just. Alternate translation: “the just fight” or “the correct fight” (2) that someone is fighting well. Alternate translation: “the fight well”
150	4:7	kq83		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα	1	Here Paul speaks of how he has served God as if it were a **race** that he has now **finished**. He means that he has served God well, and now his time of service is about to end, since he will soon die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have completed what God wanted me to do, just as a runner has finished the race” or “I have completed what I needed to do”
151	4:7	vk2p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα	1	Here Paul speaks of **the faith** as if it were a valuable object that he has **kept** safe. He means that he has preserved and protected **the faith**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have guarded the faith” or “I have preserved the faith”
152	4:7	nwun		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα	1	Here, the word **faith** could refer to: (1) the act of having **faith** in Jesus. Alternate translation: “I have kept the faith that I have” (2) what Christians believe about Jesus when they have **faith** in him. Alternate translation: “I have kept what Christians believe” (3) the act of being faithful. Alternate translation: “I have remained faithful”
153	4:7	m5q4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὴν πίστιν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Make sure that your translation fits with the option you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “the way that I believe in Jesus”
154	4:8	ptc4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	λοιπὸν	1	Here, the word translated as **From now on** could introduce: (1) something that is true from that moment and into the future. Alternate translation: “Now and in the future” or “Henceforth” (2) the last thing that Paul wants to say about how he has lived his life. Alternate translation: “Finally”
155	4:8	ujg5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀπόκειταί & ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God is reserving the crown of righteousness”
156	4:8	t7hf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος	1	Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe a **crown** that could be: (1) the reward for his **righteousness**. Alternate translation: “the crown given to the righteous” or “the crown that is received because of righteousness” (2) **righteousness** itself. In this case, God rewards people by declaring them righteous. Alternate translation: “the crown that is righteousness”
157	4:8	hg8i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος	1	Here Paul describes the reward that he expects to receive as if it were **the crown** that athletes in his culture received when they won an event. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what God will give me to honor me, which is like a crown of righteousness,” or “what God will give me to honor me”
158	4:8	n3k8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν, ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ	1	Here Paul is referring to the exact moment when Jesus will return to this world, which will also be the end of the current time period and the time when Jesus judges everyone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you expressed the similar phrase in [1:12](../01/12.md). Alternate translation: “on that day when Jesus will return” or “at his second coming”
159	4:8	dvqk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	οὐ μόνον δὲ ἐμοὶ, ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς	1	Paul is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he will not give it to me only, but he will also give it to all the ones”
160	4:8	uh88		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πᾶσιν τοῖς ἠγαπηκόσι τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ	1	Here, the phrase **having loved his appearing** indicates that these people care about, long for, and rejoice at **his appearing**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to all the ones looking forward to his appearing” or “to all the ones who care about his appearing”
161	4:8	p109		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ	1	Here, the phrase **his appearing** refers to when Jesus will come back to this world, which is when he will act as a **judge**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you expressed this phrase in [4:1](../04/01.md). Alternate translation: “his second coming” or “his return”
162	4:9	t8b7			σπούδασον ἐλθεῖν & ταχέως	1	Alternate translation: “Come to me as soon as you can”
163	4:9	qgld		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθεῖν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “to go”
164	4:10	ie1d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γάρ	1	Here, the word **for** introduces a reason why Paul wants Timothy to come to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a command, or you could leave **for** untranslated. Alternate translation: “which I request because” or “since”
165	4:10	e4xx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Δημᾶς & Κρήσκης	1	The words **Demas** and **Crescens** are names of men.
166	4:10	ji2l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν νῦν αἰῶνα	1	Here, the phrase **the present age** refers to the time period in which Paul and Timothy lived, the time period before Jesus comes back and God transforms everything. Here Paul implies that **Demas** loves what he can have and experience during this time period. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what he has in the current time period” or “things that exist during this time before Jesus returns”
167	4:10	rx10		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐπορεύθη	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “has come”
168	4:10	u2qb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	Κρήσκης εἰς Γαλατίαν, Τίτος εἰς Δαλματίαν	1	Paul is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and Crescens has gone to Galatia, and Titus has gone to Dalmatia”
169	4:10	gs61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Δαλματίαν	1	The word **Dalmatia** is the name of a Roman province on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. This area is now part of the countries Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
170	4:11	w21u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μοι εὔχρηστος εἰς διακονίαν	1	Here Paul could be implying that Mark is **useful**: (1) in helping Paul minister to others, especially by preaching and teaching. Alternate translation: “useful to me in my ministry” (2) in helping Paul to take care of his personal needs. Alternate translation: “he is useful in taking care of my needs”
171	4:11	vxmg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	εἰς διακονίαν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **service**, you could express the same idea in another way. Be sure that your translation fits with the option you chose in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “for ministering to others” or “in serving people”
172	4:12	pr6v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that Paul wants to write about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next idea, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Now”
173	4:12	y60r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	ἀπέστειλα	1	Here Paul could be using the past tense to indicate: (1) that he **sent Tychicus** when he sent this letter to Timothy in **Ephesus**. It may be that Tychicus is the one who carried this letter to Timothy at Ephesus. In this case, Paul had not yet **sent Tychicus** when he wrote this sentence. Consider what tense would be natural in your language for this situation. Alternate translation: “I am about to send” or “I am sending” (2) that he **sent Tychicus to Ephesus** before he wrote this letter. Alternate translation: “I have sent”
174	4:13	d5rw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	φελόνην	1	The term **cloak** refers to a heavy garment that was worn over other clothes. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of garment, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “coat”
175	4:13	v9b6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Κάρπῳ	1	The word **Carpus** is the name of a man.
176	4:13	p9ae		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐρχόμενος	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “going” instead of **coming**. Alternate translation: “going”
177	4:13	mup7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μάλιστα τὰς μεμβράνας	1	Here, the phrase **especially the parchments** could indicate: (1) that some of **the scrolls** are especially important to Paul. Alternate translation: “of which I especially want the parchments” (2) that **the scrolls** that Paul wants are **the parchments**. Alternate translation: “that is, the parchments”
178	4:13	e395		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὰς μεμβράνας	1	The word **parchments** refers to documents written on specially treated animal skins. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of writing material, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “those made from animal skins” or “the ones written on leather”
179	4:14	un4v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ χαλκεὺς	1	A **coppersmith** is a person who makes things out of copper and other metals. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of worker, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “Alexander the metalworker” or “Alexander, who works with metals,”
180	4:14	kv94		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἀλέξανδρος	1	The word **Alexander** is the name of a man.
181	4:14	clr0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	πολλά μοι κακὰ ἐνεδείξατο	1	Here Paul means that Alexander did many evil things to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “acted in many evil ways toward me” or “did many evil things to me”
182	4:14	wbx4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀποδώσει αὐτῷ ὁ Κύριος	1	Here Paul speaks of how the **Lord** will punish Alexander as if the **Lord** were repaying Alexander for his **works**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The Lord will judge him” or “The Lord will treat him”
183	4:15	ilar		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ὃν καὶ σὺ φυλάσσου, λίαν γὰρ ἀντέστη τοῖς ἡμετέροις λόγοις	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “whom, because he opposed our words very much, you also must guard yourself against”
184	4:15	i4aj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τοῖς ἡμετέροις λόγοις	1	Here, **words** represents the message that Paul and the people with him proclaimed using **words**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “our message” or ‘what we teach’
185	4:16	v847		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ μου ἀπολογίᾳ	1	Here, the phrase **first defense** refers to the first time that Paul was in court and had to defend himself against accusations. Paul implies that he already had appeared in court again or that he would have to do so again in the future. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of legal proceeding, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “At the opening session of my trial” or “When I first appeared in court to answer the accusations against me”
186	4:16	f2c3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐδείς μοι παρεγένετο	1	Here Paul means that **no one** went with Paul to the court to help him defend himself. They might have been able to help Paul by testifying that he had not done anything wrong, or they might have just sat in the court to show that they approved of Paul. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “no one went with me to testify on my behalf” or “no one was there to help me”
187	4:16	kqf4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	πάντες	1	Paul is using the adjective **all** as a noun to mean all the believers who were there with Paul. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “all the believers here”
188	4:16	npgu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μὴ αὐτοῖς λογισθείη	1	Here Paul means that he does not want his fellow believers to be punished for not appearing with him in court. He uses this form as a way to ask God to forgive them for forsaking him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “May they not be punished for that” or “May they not be held responsible for that”
189	4:16	rm2t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	μὴ αὐτοῖς λογισθείη	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who would do the action, it is clear from the context that it would be God. Alternate translation: “May God not count it against them”
190	4:17	rk55		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces what **the Lord** did in contrast to what the rest of the believers did (see [4:16](../04/16.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In contrast,”
191	4:17	t1fw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ & Κύριός μοι παρέστη	1	Here Paul speaks as if **the Lord** had physically **stood** with him. He means that **the Lord** supported and helped him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the Lord was with me” or “the Lord helped me”
192	4:17	y69m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	δι’ ἐμοῦ τὸ κήρυγμα πληροφορηθῇ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I might fulfill the proclamation”
193	4:17	ffbg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	δι’ ἐμοῦ τὸ κήρυγμα πληροφορηθῇ	1	Here, Paul may mean that **the proclamation** was **fulfilled**: (1) because he was able to proclaim the good news in every place and way that God required of him. Alternate translation: “I might accomplish my task of proclamation” or “I might complete the proclamation that I was called to perform” (2) because he proclaimed the entire gospel message. Alternate translation: “I could proclaim the full message” or “through me the complete proclamation might be made”
194	4:17	xcml		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὸ κήρυγμα πληροφορηθῇ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **proclamation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the gospel might be fully proclaimed”
195	4:17	p113		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	πάντα τὰ ἔθνη	1	Paul says **all** here as an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “very many Gentiles”
196	4:17	gsr8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐρύσθην ἐκ στόματος λέοντος	1	Here Paul speaks as if he was about to be eaten by a **lion** when he was **rescued out of the mouth** of that lion. He means that he was protected from terrible danger, which was most likely the danger of being executed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I was rescued from danger, as if I had been in the mouth of a lion” or “I was rescued from being executed”
197	4:17	p114		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐρύσθην	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God rescued me”
198	4:18	jsp8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ᾧ ἡ δόξα	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **glory**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “May people glorify him”
199	4:18	p115		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων	1	Here, the phrase **forever {and} ever** identifies an action that will never end, and it strongly emphasizes that it will never end. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that emphasizes that an action will never end. Alternate translation: “without ever ceasing” or “from now on and always”
200	4:19	tasz			ἄσπασαι	1	As was customary in his culture, near the end of his letter, Paul asks Timothy to extend greetings for him to other people that both he and the Timothy know. Your language may have a particular way of sharing greetings in a letter. If so, you could use that form here. Alternate translation: “Remember me to” or “Give my regards to”
201	4:19	mef8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ὀνησιφόρου	1	**Onesiphorus** is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [1:16](../01/16.md).
202	4:20	lie9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἔραστος & Τρόφιμον	1	The words **Erastus** and **Trophimus** are the names of men.
203	4:20	wp9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Μιλήτῳ	1	The name **Miletus** is the name of a city on the western coast of what is now Turkey, south of Ephesus.
204	4:21	cvc7			σπούδασον & ἐλθεῖν	1	Alternate translation: “Do your best to come”
205	4:21	eh95		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	πρὸ χειμῶνος	1	Where Paul and Timothy lived, **winter** is the time of year when it is cold and travel is difficult. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a term for a season in which it would be difficult to travel, or you could translate winter with a general expression. Alternate translation: “before the rainy season” or “before the cold season”
206	4:21	dgqi			ἀσπάζεταί σε Εὔβουλος, καὶ Πούδης, καὶ Λίνος, καὶ Κλαυδία, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ	1	As was customary in his culture, near the end of his letter, Paul extends greetings from people who are with him and who know the person to whom he is writing, Timothy. Your language may have a particular way of sharing greetings in a letter. If so, you could use that form here. Alternate translation: “Eubulus asks to be remembered to you, and Pudens and Linus and Claudia and the brothers” or “Eubulus and Pudens and Linus and Claudia and the brothers send their regards”
207	4:21	z1j9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἀσπάζεταί σε Εὔβουλος, καὶ Πούδης, καὶ Λίνος, καὶ Κλαυδία, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ	1	Paul is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Eubulus greets you, and so do Pudens and Linus and Claudia and the brothers”
208	4:21	p7px		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Εὔβουλος & Πούδης & Λίνος	1	The words **Eubulus**, **Pudens**, and **Linus** are the names of three men.
209	4:21	er77		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Κλαυδία	1	The word **Claudia** is the name of a woman.
210	4:21	oo7u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οἱ ἀδελφοὶ	1	Here Paul refers to **the brothers** to include all the other believers who wanted to greet Timothy. Paul does not mean that **Eubulus**, **Pudens**, **Linus**, and **Claudia** are not **brothers**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the other brothers”
211	4:21	offa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οἱ ἀδελφοὶ	1	Paul is using the term **brothers** to mean people who share the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the believers”
212	4:21	mk26		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	οἱ ἀδελφοὶ	1	Although the term **brothers** is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “brothers and sisters” to indicate this.
213	4:22	tx26		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing	ὁ Κύριος μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματός σου	1	As was customary in his culture, Paul closes his letter with a blessing for Timothy. Use a form that people would recognize as a blessing in your language. Alternate translation: “May the Lord be with your spirit” or “I pray that the Lord will be with your spirit”
214	4:22	es7k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	ὁ Κύριος	1	Many ancient manuscripts read **The Lord**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “The Lord Jesus Christ.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
215	4:22	p119		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματός σου	1	Paul is using **spirit** to represent Timothy as a whole person. He may use this figure of speech to indicate that the **Lord** will be with Timothy in a spiritual way, not a physical way. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “be with you spiritually”
216	4:22	p120		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing	ἡ χάρις μεθ’ ὑμῶν	1	As was customary in his culture, Paul closes his letter with a blessing for Timothy and the believers with him. He implies that the **Grace** is from God. Use a form that people would recognize as a blessing in your language. Alternate translation: “May you experience kindness from God within you” or “I pray that you will have grace from God”
217	4:22	iefg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἡ χάρις μεθ’ ὑμῶν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **grace**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “May God act graciously toward you”
218	4:22	k85y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	ὑμῶν	1	Because Paul gives this blessing to Timothy and all the believers who are with him, this is the only place in the letter where **you** is plural.
219	4:22	t7vx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	ὑμῶν	1	Many ancient manuscripts read **you**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “you. Amen.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.